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[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nPhilip Walter Threlfall (born 11 February 1967) is a former English cricketer. Threlfall was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barrow-in-Furness, Lancashire. Threfall played for Cumberland in 1987, making a single appearance in the Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire and a single appearance in the MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. In 1988, Threfall played Second XI cricket for Sussex, with him also making his first-class debut for the county in that season against", "id": "17653088" }, { "contents": "Philip Threlfall\n\n\nSomerset at the Recreation Ground, Bath. He played regularly for the Sussex Second XI, but would only make two further first-class appearances for the county, against the touring Sri Lankans in 1990 and Cambridge University in 1991. He never batted in his three first-class appearances, but with the ball he took 7 wickets at an average of 18.57, with best figures of 3/45. He also made a single List A appearance for the county against the touring Zimbabweans in 1990. He ended Sussex's innings of 233/8", "id": "17653089" }, { "contents": "Harry Newton (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Newton (2 May 1935 – 22 December 2014) was an English cricketer. Newton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Little Lever, Lancashire. Newton made two first-class appearances for Sussex against Hampshire and Essex in the 1966 County Championship. Against Hampshire, Newton ended unbeaten on 16 in Sussex's first-innings of 153, while in Hampshire's first-innings he took what would be his only first-class five wicket haul, with figures", "id": "14840593" }, { "contents": "Henry Gregory (cricketer)\n\n\nHenry Vernon Gregory (born 18 January 1936) is a former English cricketer. Gregory was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Manchester, Lancashire. Gregory made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against the Warwickshire Second XI. He later made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1960. He was dismissed for 4 runs in Sussex's first-innings by Alan Hurd, while in their second-innings, he was dismissed for 14 runs", "id": "8516784" }, { "contents": "Andrew Pearson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Stuart Pearson (born 25 September 1957) is a former English cricketer. Pearson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Rustington, Sussex. Having played for the Northamptonshire Second XI between 1974 and 1980, Pearson later made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1981 to 1987, making 40 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in", "id": "5306586" }, { "contents": "Jeremy Green (cricketer)\n\n\nJeremy Arthur Graham Green (born 17 September 1984) is a former English first-class cricketer. Green is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Cuckfield, Sussex. Green made his List A debut for Sussex in what was his only career List A game, against West Indies A 2002. Following this, Green represented the Sussex Second XI for the next few years, before making his only career first-class appearance when Sussex played Sri Lanka at the County Ground", "id": "18948924" }, { "contents": "Philip Wormald\n\n\nPhilip Bryan Wormald (born 4 May 1963) is a former English cricketer. Wormald was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. Wormald made his debut for Shropshire in the 1987 Minor Counties Championship against the Somerset Second XI. Wormald played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1987 to 1991, which included 32 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 8 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Hampshire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy", "id": "21289907" }, { "contents": "Alan Wadey\n\n\nAlan Nigel Charles Wadey (born 12 September 1950) is a former English cricketer. Wadey was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Billingshurst, Sussex. Wadey made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Yorkshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1975 County Championship. Wadey batted twice in this match, ending unbeaten without scoring in each innings. With the ball he took a single wicket, that of Richard Lumb for the cost of 44 runs from 8 overs", "id": "8050823" }, { "contents": "Richard Elms\n\n\nRichard Burtenshaw Elms (born 5 April 1949) is a former English professional cricketer. Elms played as an all-rounder who batted right-handed and bowled left-arm fast-medium pace. He was born in Sutton in Surrey in 1949. Having played for the county second Xi since 1967, Elms made his first-class cricket debut for Kent County Cricket Club in the 1970 County Championship against Hampshire. In 1971 he appeared more regularly for Kent, making his List A cricket debut against Sussex. Elms played for", "id": "164150" }, { "contents": "Reuben Herbert\n\n\n3 List A matches for Suffolk, he took just a single wickets at an average of 82.00, with best figures of 1/37. He played for the Minor Counties cricket team in the 1986 Benson & Hedges Cup, making 4 appearances for the team. It was for the Minor Counties that he made his final 2 first-class appearances for. The first of these came against the touring Zimbabweans in 1985. He bowled 8 wicket-less overs in the Zimbabweans first-innings, while in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "3624912" }, { "contents": "Gerald Cogger\n\n\nGerald Lyndley Cogger (born 7 September 1933) is a former English cricketer. Cogger was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Uckfield, East Sussex. Cogger made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954. He made seven further first-class appearances for the county, all of which came in the 1957 season, and the last of which came against Somerset. In his eight first-class appearances, Cogger took 7 wickets at an average", "id": "8050935" }, { "contents": "John Tindale\n\n\nJohn Tindale (born 9 October 1967) is a former English cricketer. Tindale was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Durham, County Durham. Tindale made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1988 to 1990, making 17 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 30 runs in this match", "id": "6406994" }, { "contents": "Dick Harrison (cricketer)\n\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Harrison was an English cricketer. Harrison was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire. Harrison played for Lancashire Second XI from 1906 to 1908. He joined Durham in 1910, making his debut for the county in the 1910 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1910 to 1913, making 23 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring", "id": "12592293" }, { "contents": "Charles Pimlott\n\n\nteam in 2000, against the touring Zimbabweans. Across his eleven appearances at first-class level, Pimlott scored 72 runs with a high score of 31 not out, alongside 17 wickets with his right-arm fast-medium bowling, taken at an average of 34.47, with best figures of 3 for 10. He played briefly for Lincolnshire in minor counties cricket, making one appearance against the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board in the 2001 MCCA Knockout Trophy. After graduating from Cambridge, Pimlott was called to the bar in 2001 as a", "id": "3251591" }, { "contents": "John Clarke (cricketer, born 1948)\n\n\nJohn Michael Clarke (born 25 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Clarke was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Barcombe, Sussex. Clarke made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Hampshire at the United Services Recreation Ground, Portsmouth, in the 1969 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings of 159, Clarke was run out for a duck, while in their second-innings of 233, he was dismissed for the same score by", "id": "8208510" }, { "contents": "Paul Christie (cricketer)\n\n\nPaul Christie (born 9 February 1971 in Sunderland, County Durham) is a former English cricketer. Christie was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. Christie made a single first-class appearance for the Marylebone Cricket Club against M Parkinson's World XI at the North Marine Road Ground, Scarborough. In this match, he bowled 13 wicket-less overs for the cost of 63 runs in the World XIs first-innings, while in their second-innings he took 3 wickets for the", "id": "12392619" }, { "contents": "Phil Lewis (cricketer)\n\n\nPhilip David Lewis (born 4 October 1981) is an English cricketer. Lewis is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Liss, Hampshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Somerset Second XI in 2002, Lewis made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against Surrey in 2003. He appeared in 4 further first-class matches for Loughborough UCCE, the last coming against Sussex in 2004. In his 5 matches, he scored 115 runs at a batting average", "id": "14893257" }, { "contents": "Russell Evans (cricketer)\n\n\ntook 3 wickets at a bowling average of 32.33, with best figures of 3/40. With opportunities limited at Nottinghamshire, he left the county at the end of the 1990 season. He later joined Lincolnshire, making his debut against Northumberland in the 1993 MCCA Knockout Trophy. He played Minor counties cricket from 1993 to 1997, making 33 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He played his first List A match for the county against Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. He made 2 further List A appearances for", "id": "5168780" }, { "contents": "Gerald Sly\n\n\nGerald Brian Sly (born 21 October 1932) is a former English cricketer. Sly was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ealing, Middlesex. Sly made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Oxford University at the County Ground, Hove in 1953. He didn't bat in this match, but did take the wicket of Colin Cowdrey in Oxford University's first-innings. The match ended in a draw. This was his only major appearance for Sussex", "id": "8050962" }, { "contents": "Charles Burgess\n\n\nCharles Thomas Burgess (30 June 1886 – 14 January 1978) was an English cricketer. Burgess was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Burgess made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Nottinghamshire at the County Ground, Hove in the 1919 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 2 runs by Benjamin Flint. Burgess took 3 wickets in Nottinghamshire's first and only innings, finishing with figures of 3/39 from eleven overs", "id": "11250696" }, { "contents": "Courtney Ricketts\n\n\nCourtney Ian Oswald Ricketts (born 26 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Ricketts was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Kennington, London. Ricketts made his first-class debut for Sussex against Gloucestershire in the 1987 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Worcestershire and Hampshire. In his three first-class matches, he took 5 wickets at an average of 50.60, with best figures of 2/40.", "id": "17653183" }, { "contents": "Edwin Woodhams\n\n\nEdwin Fehrsen Woodhams (22 February 1880 – 8 February 1933) was an English cricketer. Woodham's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Seaford, Sussex. Woodhams made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Somerset at County Ground, Hove in the 1905 County Championship. He was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Len Braund, while in their second-innings he ended unbeaten on 14 to guide Sussex to a 2 wicket win. This was his only major appearance for", "id": "13085945" }, { "contents": "John Davis (cricketer, born 1943)\n\n\nMichael John Davis (18 August 1943 – 13 October 2000) was an English cricketer. Davis was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Bolton, Lancashire. Davis made his debut for Cheshire in the 1961 Minor Counties Championship against Staffordshire. He made eight further appearances for the county in that season. He played Second XI cricket for Northamptonshire in 1962, while the following season he made his only first-class appearance for the county against Oxford University. He wasn't", "id": "6365888" }, { "contents": "Peter Heseltine\n\n\nPeter Anthony William Heseltine (born 5 April 1965) is a former English cricketer. Heseltine was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Barnsley, Yorkshire. Heseltine made his first-class debut for Sussex against the touring Pakistanis in 1987. He made nineteen further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Surrey in the 1988 County Championship. In his twenty first-class appearances, he took 22 wickets at an average of 48.59, with best", "id": "16489351" }, { "contents": "Andrew Henderson (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Arthur Henderson (born 14 July 1941) is a former English cricketer. Henderson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Chadwell Heath, Essex. Henderson made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 1964 Minor Counties Championship against Berkshire. Henderson played two further Minor Counties Championship fixtures for the county in 1965, against Hertfordshire and Berkshire. Having played Second XI cricket for the Sussex Second XI since 1968, Henderson made his only first-class appearance for Sussex in the 1972 County", "id": "10548307" }, { "contents": "David Halliwell (cricketer)\n\n\nDavid Halliwell (born 11 December 1948) is a former English cricketer. Halliwell was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Leyland, Lancashire. Halliwell initially played Minor Counties Championship cricket for Cheshire from 1978 to 1979. He later joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the 1981 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. Halliwell played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1981 to 1990, including 59 Minor Counties Championship matches and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches.", "id": "566498" }, { "contents": "David Sabine\n\n\nDavid John Sabine (born 6 June 1966) is a New Zealand born former English cricketer. Sabine played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Papakura near Auckland. Sabine made a single first-class cricket appearance for Kent County Cricket Club against the touring West Indians at the St Lawrence Ground in 1988. In the same season he made a single List A appearance against Sussex at Mote Park in the Refuge Assurance League. These were his only senior appearances for Kent,", "id": "557880" }, { "contents": "Roger Miller (cricketer, born 1938)\n\n\nRoger Simon Miller (born 16 February 1938) was an English cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler who played first-class cricket for Marylebone Cricket Club. He was born in Seaford, Sussex. Miller made a single first-class appearance for the side, during the 1959 season, against Oxford University. Following this, he made at least eleven appearances for Sussex's Second XI. Miller made a single List A appearance for Dorset in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He", "id": "16750904" }, { "contents": "Arthur Lawrence\n\n\nArthur Alfred Kenneth Lawrence (born 3 November 1930) is a former English cricketer. Lawrence was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Marlborough, Wiltshire. Lawrence made his first-class debut for Sussex against Oxford University in 1954, with him playing a second match that season against Leicestershire in the County Championship. He next appeared for Sussex in 1954, making 26 further first-class appearances between 1954 and 1956, with his final first-class appearance coming against Northamptonshire in the 1956 County", "id": "19143734" }, { "contents": "Robert Entwistle\n\n\nof 25.00, with a high score of 48. He left Lancashire at the end of the 1966 season. In 1967, Entwistle joined Cumberland, making his debut for the county in the Minor Counties Championship against Durham. He played Minor counties cricket for Cumberland from 1967 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship and two MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. During this time he also made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring West Indians in 1976, scoring 8 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings", "id": "15737473" }, { "contents": "Gary Speak\n\n\nGary John Speak (born 26 April 1962) is a former English cricketer. Speak was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Chorley, Lancashire. Speak made his first-class debut for Lancashire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1981. He made a further appearance in the 1981 County Championship against Essex. He made three further first-class appearances in 1982, against Cambridge University, Derbyshire and Surrey. In his five first-class appearances, he bowled a total", "id": "5490505" }, { "contents": "Arthur Sharood\n\n\nArthur John Sharood (9 August 1856 – 31 March 1895) was an English cricketer. Sharood was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, and was educated at Hurstpierpoint College. Sharood made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove, in 1879. He took two wickets, both in Surrey's first-innings, dismissing John Shuter and Leonard Shuter and finishing with figures of 2/51 from 26 overs. The", "id": "12294995" }, { "contents": "Eric Palmer (cricketer)\n\n\nEric John Palmer (born 16 June 1931) is a former English cricketer. Palmer was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm fast-medium. He was born at Romford, Essex. Palmer played Second XI cricket for Essex in 1955, as well as making a single appearance for Berkshire in that seasons Minor Counties Championship against Devon. He played for the Essex Second XI the following season, before making his first-class debut for Essex in the 1957 County Championship against Gloucestershire. He made three further first", "id": "7814992" }, { "contents": "Thomas White (Sussex cricketer)\n\n\nThomas Reginald White (3 July 1892 – 7 May 1979) was an English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire. White made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1928. In this match, he scored 9 runs in Sussex's first-innings, before being dismissed by Denis Blundell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed him for 4 by Maurice Allom. Cambridge University won the match", "id": "8456981" }, { "contents": "Dexter Fitton\n\n\nJohn Dexter Fitton (born 24 August 1965) is a former English cricketer. Fitton is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born in Littleborough, Lancashire. Fitton made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 51 further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1992 County Championship. In these matches, he took 82 wickets at an average of 53.15, with best figures of 6/59.", "id": "16136741" }, { "contents": "Steven Bramhall\n\n\nSteven Bramhall (born 26 November 1967) is a former English cricketer. Bramhall was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Warrington, Lancashire. Bramhall made his debut in county cricket for Cheshire in the 1988 Minor Counties Championship final against Cambridgeshire, having played Second XI cricket for the Worcestershire Second XI prior to that. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1989 to 1991, playing in both the Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy. In the 1990 County Championship,", "id": "3873390" }, { "contents": "Martin Bamber\n\n\nMartin John Bamber (born 7 January 1961) is a former English cricketer. Bamber was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Cheam, Surrey. Having previously played Second XI cricket for Middlesex and Surrey between 1976 and 1981, Bamber eventually joined Northamptonshire, making his first-class debut for the county against Cambridge University in 1982. He made a further twelve first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Somerset in the 1984 County Championship. In", "id": "15737373" }, { "contents": "Horace Mitchell\n\n\nHorace Mitchell (19 January 1858 – 4 January 1951) was an English cricketer. Mitchell was a right-handed batsman by bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at West Tarring, Sussex. Mitchell made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1882. He made two further appearances in that season for Sussex against Hampshire and Yorkshire, before next appearing for Sussex in first-class cricket in the 1891 County Championship against Lancashire. He made four further first-class appearances for", "id": "21486018" }, { "contents": "Gavin Byram\n\n\nGavin James Byram (born 15 February 1974) is a former English cricketer. Byram was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Byram made his debut for Shropshire in the 1992 Minor Counties Championship against Herefordshire. Byram played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1992 to 2002, which included 50 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 26 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Sussex in the 1997 NatWest Trophy. He made 7 further List A", "id": "21095697" }, { "contents": "Alastair Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nselected to play in the Combined Universities team to play in the 1985 Benson & Hedges Cup, making his List A debut in the tournament against Surrey and making three further appearances in the competition. In 1986, he made seven first-class appearances for the university, taking 18 wickets at an average of 45.22, with best figures of 4/100. He also made a single first-class appearance each for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders and for Sussex against Worcestershire in the County Championship. He", "id": "13068989" }, { "contents": "Jackie Keeler\n\n\nJohn George Keeler (2 May 1924 – 9 October 2005) was an English cricketer. Keeler was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in South Moor, County Durham. Keeler made his debut for Durham in the 1949 Minor Counties Championship against the Lancashire Second XI. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1949 to 1957, making 54 appearances. During this period he made a single first-class appearance for the Minor Counties against the touring Australians in 1953. He was", "id": "12592970" }, { "contents": "Robert Grant (cricketer)\n\n\nRobert John Grant (born 28 July 1965) is a former English cricketer. Grant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. Grant made his debut for Staffordshire in the 1989 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cheshire. Grant played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1989 to 1990, playing a further MCCA Knockout Trophy match against Shropshire in 1990, while having made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance in 1989 against Bedfordshire. In 1989, he made his List A", "id": "18361281" }, { "contents": "Alan Hansford\n\n\nHaving played for the Sussex Second XI since 1987, it was in the 1989 season that he made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Hove, taking figures of 4/46 and 4/29 during the match. During his time at Sussex, he featured infrequently in first-class cricket, making just nine further appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire in the 1992 County Championship. Primarily a bowler, Hansford took 30 wickets in his ten first-class appearances, which came at an average of 33.03,", "id": "9057057" }, { "contents": "Gordon Potter (cricketer)\n\n\nGordon Potter (born 26 October 1931) is a former English cricketer. Potter was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg break. He was born at Dormansland, Surrey, England. Potter made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University at Fenner's in 1949. His next first-class appearance for Sussex didn't come until 1953, when he played against Cambridge University, which was also his only appearance in that season. He began to play more regularly for Sussex from 1954, making a further 52", "id": "7344655" }, { "contents": "Johnny Johnston (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Johnston (15 February 1953 – 2 June 2008) was an English cricketer. Johnston was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Johnston made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in the 1976 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1976 to 1990, making 78 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1977 Gillette Cup. He made 7 further List A", "id": "6296400" }, { "contents": "Frederick Wells (cricketer, born 1867)\n\n\nFrederick Wells (1 June 1867 – 3 March 1926) was an English cricketer. Wells was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium. He was born at Clayton, Sussex. Wells made his first-class debut for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1891. He made a further first-class appearance in that season, against Gloucestershire at Clifton College Ground in the County Championship. Wells scored 7 runs in his two first-class matches. Wells later played minor counties cricket for", "id": "4104605" }, { "contents": "Raphael MacGinty\n\n\nRaphael Joseph Anthony MacGinty (born 22 March 1927) is a former English cricketer. MacGinty was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Croydon, Surrey. In 1951, MacGinty made his Minor Counties Championship debut for Cambridgeshire against the Northamptonshire Second XI. From 1951 to 1952, he represented the county in 7 Minor Counties matches, with his final appearance coming against Lincolnshire. MacGinty also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, making his first-class debut against Leicestershire in", "id": "4321295" }, { "contents": "Godfrey Foljambe\n\n\nXI in 1892–93, making three first-class appearances on the tour. He made his final first-class appearance in May 1893 for the MCC against Cambridge University. In his five first-class matches, Foljambe scored 97 runs with a high score of 34. With his left-arm medium pace bowling, he took 9 wickets at an average of 16.11, with best figures of 4 for 32. In addition to playing first-class cricket, he also played minor counties cricket for Cambridgeshire in 1899, making a", "id": "20634688" }, { "contents": "Steven Lines\n\n\nSteven John Lines (born 16 March 1963) is a former English cricketer. Lines was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Luton, Bedfordshire. Lines made his debut for Bedfordshire against Buckinghamshire in the 1980 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1980 to 1990, making 51 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 6 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Somerset in the 1982 NatWest Trophy. He was dismissed for a single run by", "id": "5104321" }, { "contents": "Nick Pringle\n\n\nNicholas John Pringle (born 20 September 1966) is a former English cricketer who played for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1986 and 1991. A right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-fast bowler, he played 27 first-class matches and 12 List A matches during his career. He also made appearances in the Second Eleven Championship for Durham, Gloucestershire and Leicestershire. Pringle made his first-class debut for Somerset late in the 1986 season against Worcestershire, bowling 10 overs in the first-innings without a wicket", "id": "16048489" }, { "contents": "David Parsons (cricketer, born 1954)\n\n\n-class appearance for the Minor Counties cricket team against the touring Sri Lankans at Church Road, Reading. In the match he was run out for a single run in the Minor Counties first-innings, but wasn't required to bat in their second-innings. With the ball he claimed the wicket of number 11 batsman Ajit de Silva in the Sri Lankans first-innings, for the cost of 53 runs. He played his only List A match in 1984, when Cumberland played Derbyshire in the NatWest Trophy. In", "id": "19604563" }, { "contents": "James Thornton (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Richard Thornton (11 January 1861 – 1 March 1916) was an English cricketer. Thornton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast. He was born at Horsham, Sussex. Thornton made three first-class appearances for Sussex. He made his debut against the touring Australians in 1880 at the County Ground, Hove, while the following season he made a second appearance against Hampshire at the same ground. His third appearance came in 1883 against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. In his three", "id": "6270100" }, { "contents": "James Thorpe (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Ashley Thorpe (born 20 January 1991) is an English cricketer. Thorpe is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Switzerland at Geneva. Thorpe was educated at Warden Park School, before attending the University of Bath. Thrope made a single List A appearance for Sussex against the touring Bangladeshis at the County Ground, Hove, in 2010. Batting at number ten, Adkin contributed 3 runs to Sussex's total of 253 all out, ending the innings not out.", "id": "7194365" }, { "contents": "Martin Fearon\n\n\nRichard Martin Fearon (born 30 July 1991) is an English former cricketer. Fearon played as a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in South Shields, County Durham. Having appeared once for the Durham Second XI in 2009, Fearon proceeded to make a single appearance for Northumberland in the 2010 Minor Counties Championship against Norfolk. While studying Automotive Materials Engineering at Loughborough University, Fearon made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Kent. In Loughborough's first-innings, he", "id": "20718910" }, { "contents": "Hugh Smith (cricketer)\n\n\nHugh Purefoy Smith (16 October 1856 – 9 September 1939) was an English cricketer. Smith was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Lasham, Hampshire. Smith made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Surrey at the County Ground, Hove in 1878. In Surrey's first-innings, he took the wicket of Swainson Akroyd for the cost of 82 runs from 30 overs. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 10 runs by Edward", "id": "8755201" }, { "contents": "Peter Birtwisle\n\n\nPeter Cresswell Birtwisle (born 2 August 1946) is a former English cricketer. Birtwisle was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Birtwisle made his debut for Durham against the Warwickshire Second XI in the 1965 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1965 to 1984, making 91 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 1968 Gillette Cup. He made 10 further", "id": "6093894" }, { "contents": "Tim Rees\n\n\nTimothy Martyn Rees (born 4 September 1974) is a former English cricketer. Rees is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm off break. He was born at home in his mum's kitchen. Rees made his debut in county cricket for the Lancashire Cricket Board against Shropshire in the 2002 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In that same season he made a single first-class appearance for Lancashire against Somerset at the County Ground, Taunton, in the County Championship. He batted once in the match, scoring 16 runs", "id": "4655589" }, { "contents": "Steven Pheasant\n\n\nSteven Thomas Pheasant (born 25 June 1951) is a former English cricketer. Pheasant was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Southwark, London. Pheasant made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1971. Pheasant was dismissed for a duck in Sussex's first-innings by Phil Edmonds, while in Cambridge University's first-innings he bowled 23 wicketless overs, though he only conceded 33 runs. In Sussex's second-innings, he ended", "id": "8516772" }, { "contents": "Philip Cartwright\n\n\nPhilip Cartwright (26 September 1880 – 21 November 1955) was an English cricketer who played all of his first-class cricket for Sussex. Cartwright played for the county prior to the First World War and briefly after it, making 84 appearances. He was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium pace. Born in Gibraltar, Cartwright made his first-class debut for Sussex against Derbyshire in the 1905 County Championship, with him making two further appearances in that season against Nottinghamshire and Northamptonshire. His next first", "id": "14460737" }, { "contents": "Roger White (cricketer)\n\n\nRoger Frank White (born 22 November 1943) is a former English cricketer. White was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Perivale, Sussex. White made his first-class debut for Middlesex against Nottinghamshire in 1964 County Championship. He made twelve further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Oxford University in 1966. In his thirteen first-class matches for Middlesex, he took 17 wickets at an average of 30.47, with best figures", "id": "9171568" }, { "contents": "Timothy Smith (cricketer, born 1953)\n\n\nplaying 4 Benson and Hedges Cup matches against first-class opposition in 1984. The following season he played his only first-class match for the team against the touring Zimbabweans. In this match he scored 9 runs and took a single catch in the field. With the ball he took 7 wickets at a bowling average of 19.57, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 5/79. In 1992, he joined Cambridgeshire, making his Minor Counties Championship debut against Norfolk. Smith has represented the county in", "id": "11818110" }, { "contents": "David Thomas (cricketer, born 1963)\n\n\nmade a single first-class appearance for the team in 1990, against the touring Indians. He batted once in this match, scoring 27 runs in the Minor Counties first-innings, before being dismissed by Anil Kumble. With the ball, he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He also appeared for the team in List A cricket, making his debut in that format for the Minor Counties against Somerset in the 1990 Benson & Hedges Cup. He 7 further List A matches for the team, the last coming against", "id": "20567729" }, { "contents": "Anthony Shillinglaw\n\n\nAnthony Laird Shillinglaw (born 25 May 1937) is a former English cricketer. Shillinglaw was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Birkenhead, Cheshire. Shillinglaw made his debut for Cheshire against the Lancashire Second XI in the 1959 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1959 to 1971, making 25 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his List A debut against Surrey in the 1964 Gillette Cup. He made 3 further List A appearances, the last of", "id": "7093441" }, { "contents": "Malcolm Bell\n\n\nRobert Malcolm Hamilton Bell (born 26 February 1969) is a former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Hugh Town on the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall. Bell made his debut in county cricket for Cornwall in the 1990 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. In that same season he made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in the 1990 County Championship. He made two further first-class appearances, against Worcestershire in 1990 and Oxford University", "id": "4487820" }, { "contents": "Andrew Scott (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew William Scott (13 February 1960 – 3 September 2006) was an Australian cricketer. Scott was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Geelong, Victoria. Scott made his debut for Durham against Hertfordshire in the 1985 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham only in the 1985 season, making 6 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Derbyshire in the 1985 NatWest Trophy. He bowled 8 wicket", "id": "6296609" }, { "contents": "Andrew Fox (cricketer)\n\n\nAndrew Fox (born 7 November 1962) is a former English cricketer. Fox was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Holmfirth, Yorkshire. Fox made his debut for Cheshire in the 1987 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Cumberland. Fox played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1987 to 1991, including 25 Minor Counties Championship matches and 12 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 1987, he made his List A debut against Glamorgan in the NatWest Trophy. He played three further List A", "id": "2413687" }, { "contents": "Jonny Hughes\n\n\nJonathan 'Jonny' Adam Hughes (born 12 September 1985) is an English cricketer. Hughes is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Slough, Berkshire. Hughes made his debut for Buckinghamshire in the 2003 MCCA Knockout Trophy against Wiltshire. His next Minor counties appearance for Buckinghamshire didn't come until 2008, when he played a further Trophy match against Cambridgeshire. He played a single Minor Counties Championship match in 2008 against Norfolk. Hughes made his first-class debut for", "id": "7871266" }, { "contents": "Harold Mead\n\n\nHarold Mead (13 June 1895 – 13 April 1921) was an English cricketer. Mead was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Walthamstow, Essex. Mead made his first-class debut for Essex against Derbyshire in the 1913 County Championship. He made three further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1914 County Championship. With the ball, he took just 3 wickets at an average of 64.66, with best figures of", "id": "1063208" }, { "contents": "Neil O'Brien (cricketer)\n\n\nNeil Terence O'Brien (born 9 March 1945) is a former English cricketer. O'Brien was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Heaton Moor, Lancashire. O'Brien made his debut for Cheshire in the 1970 Minor Counties Championship against the Yorkshire Second XI.Prior to playing for Cheshire O'Brien had represented Lancashire County Cricket Club at Colt and Second team level. He played Minor counties cricket for Cheshire from 1970 to 1991, making 194 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 23 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He", "id": "6926479" }, { "contents": "Sir Dermot Milman, 8th Baronet\n\n\n. While at Cambridge, he made two appearances in first-class cricket for Cambridge University. The first came in 1932 against Sussex, while the second came against Northamptonshire in 1933. Playing as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler, he took 4 wickets in his two matches, with best figures of 3 for 55. In addition to playing first-class cricket, Milman also played minor counties cricket for Bedfordshire from 1931–36, making 36 appearances in the Minor Counties Championship. He made four rugby union Test appearances for England", "id": "21380059" }, { "contents": "Christopher Mays\n\n\nChristopher Sean Mays (born 11 May 1966) is an English former cricketer. Mays was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born at Brighton, Sussex. Prior to appearing in first-class cricket, Mays played for England Young Cricketers, playing two Youth Test matches and a single Youth One Day International against West Indies Young Cricketers in 1985. Mays later made his first-class debut for Sussex against Glamorgan in the 1986 County Championship. He made seven further first-class appearances", "id": "8641340" }, { "contents": "Kamran Sheeraz\n\n\nKamran Pasha Sheeraz (born 28 December 1973) is a former English cricketer. Sheeraz was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Sheeraz made his debut in county cricket for Bedfordshire against Suffolk in the 1992 MCCA Knockout Trophy. That season he also played 7 Minor Counties Championship matches. He later made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire against Northamptonshire in the 1994 County Championship. He made 12 further first-class appearances, the last of which came", "id": "5305981" }, { "contents": "Edward Milburn\n\n\nEdward Thomas Milburn (born 15 September 1967) is a former English cricketer. Milburn was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. Milburn made his first-class debut for Warwickshire against Hampshire in the 1987 County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances in 1987 for Warwickshire, against Somerset and Sussex. In his 3 first-class matches for the county, he scored 37 runs at an average of 18.50, with a highest score of 24", "id": "4488455" }, { "contents": "Michael Record\n\n\nMichael Record (born 26 February 1966) was an English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pace bowler who played for Devon. He was born in Exeter. Record, who also made a single appearance in the Second XI Trophy for Somerset, as well as appearing in the Minor Counties Championship and Holt Cup for Devon between 1990 and 1993, made a single List A appearance for Devon against Essex. From the tailend, he scored 8 not out, and took figures of 0", "id": "22179500" }, { "contents": "Mark Crawley\n\n\nwith 8 half centuries, 3 centuries and a high score of 140. In the field he took 17 catches. With the ball he claimed 24 wickets at a bowling average of 62.29, with a single five wicket haul which gave him best figures of 6/92. While playing for the University, Crawley also made a single first-class appearance for a combined Oxford and Cambridge Universities team against the touring New Zealanders in 1990. In 1987, he made his debut in List A cricket for a Combined Universities team against Somerset in", "id": "10655451" }, { "contents": "Reginald Caryer\n\n\nReginald George Caryer (28 September 1895 – 7 June 1957) was an English cricketer. Caryer was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Hougham, Kent. Caryer made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against Essex at the County Ground, Leyton in the 1922 County Championship. In Sussex's first-innings, he was dismissed for 5 runs by Jack Russell, while in their second-innings he was dismissed by Laurie Eastman for 7 runs. Essex won", "id": "11250718" }, { "contents": "John Glassford (cricketer)\n\n\nJohn Glassford (born 20 July 1946) is a former English cricketer. Glassford was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Glassford made his debut for Durham in the 1968 Minor Counties Championship against the Warwickshire Second XI. In 1969, he played two first-class matches for Warwickshire against Cambridge University and Scotland. In these two matches, he took a total of 5 wickets at an average of 32.20, with best figures of 2/9. He", "id": "12392440" }, { "contents": "Graham Johnson (cricketer, born 1958)\n\n\nGraham Johnson (born 1 May 1958) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Hetton-le-Hole, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Cheshire in the 1982 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1982 to 1987, making 18 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his List A debut against Northamptonshire in the 1984 NatWest Trophy. He made 4", "id": "6296571" }, { "contents": "Keith Trotter\n\n\nKeith Trotter (born 18 January 1962) is a former English cricketer. Trotter was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Silksworth, County Durham. Trotter made his debut for Durham against Cumberland in 1988 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham in 1988 and 1989, making 3 Minor Counties Championship appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Middlesex in the 1989 NatWest Trophy. In this match, he took the wickets of Mike Gatting and Mark", "id": "6407061" }, { "contents": "Kenneth Mathews (cricketer)\n\n\nKenneth Patrick Arthur Mathews (born 10 May 1926) is a former English cricketer. Mathews was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at West Worthing, Sussex, and was educated at Felsted School. Mathews made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1950. He made three further first-class appearances for the county in that season, against Surrey, Kent and Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He scored his maiden first-class half century against Kent,", "id": "13434733" }, { "contents": "Walter Reed (cricketer)\n\n\nWalter Bartlett Reed (4 February 1839 – 17 March 1880) was an English cricketer. Reed was a right-handed batsman who bowled left-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Sompting, Sussex. Reed made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey in 1860. He made five further first-class appearances for the county that season, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club. In his six first-class appearances, he scored a total of 38 runs at an average of 4.22,", "id": "16287081" }, { "contents": "Jason Weaver (cricketer)\n\n\nJason Richard Weaver (born 11 August 1968) is a former English cricketer. Weaver was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Wellington, Shropshire. Weaver made his debut for Shropshire County Cricket Club in the 1989 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire. Weaver played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 1989 to 1991, making 11 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy match. He made two List A cricket appearances for Shropshire, making his debut against Derbyshire in the 1990", "id": "21148110" }, { "contents": "Lawson Roll\n\n\nLawson Macgregor Roll (born 8 March 1965) is a former English cricketer. Roll was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire. Roll made his only first-class appearance for Gloucestershire against the touring Sri Lankans in 1984. In this match he wasn't required to bat and with the ball he bowled 15 wicket-less overs. He later played 2 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches for the Gloucestershire Cricket Board, against Wiltshire in 1999 and Herefordshire in 2000.", "id": "4487862" }, { "contents": "Harry Killick\n\n\nHarry Killick (13 July 1837 – 22 November 1877) was an English cricketer. Killick was a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm roundarm medium. He was born at Crabtree, Sussex. Killick made his first-class debut for Sussex against Surrey at The Oval in 1866. Killick played first-class cricket for Sussex to 1875, making a total of forty appearances, the last of which came against Hampshire at the County Ground, Hove. In his forty first-class appearances for the county, he", "id": "11009846" }, { "contents": "Tom Bartram\n\n\nThomas Stephen Bartram (born 11 February 1986) is an English cricketer. Bartram is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born in York, Yorkshire. While studying for his degree at Durham University, Bartram made his first-class debut for Durham UCCE against Surrey in 2006. He made a further first-class appearance for the university in 2006, against Lancashire. In his two first-class matches, he took 3 wickets at an average of 48.33, with best figures", "id": "8523111" }, { "contents": "Alfred Brackpool\n\n\nAlfred Brackpool (11 October 1857 – 24 October 1927) was an English cricketer who played in one first-class cricket match for Sussex. Brackpool was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-pace. He was born at Crawley Down, Sussex. Brackpool made a single first-class appearance for Sussex against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's in 1880. In Sussex's first innings he was dismissed for 2 runs by George Hearne. He took the wicket of Thomas Pearson in the Marylebone Cricket Club", "id": "12034871" }, { "contents": "Christopher Batt (cricketer)\n\n\nChristopher James Batt (born 22 September 1976) is a former English cricketer. Batt was a left-handed batsman who bowled left-arm medium-fast. He was born at Taplow, Buckinghamshire and educated at Cox Green School in Maidenhead, Berkshire. Batt played a single Minor Counties Championship match for Berkshire in 1997 against Herefordshire. He also made his debut in the MCCA Knockout Trophy for the county by playing a single match against Buckinghamshire. During that same season he played a single first-class match for Sussex against", "id": "21196990" }, { "contents": "Bob Herkes\n\n\nClub at Lord's. He made two further first-class appearances for the county, both in the 1979 County Championship against Sussex and Worcestershire. Herkes failed to score any runs in first-class cricket, while in his primary role as a bowler, he took 6 wickets at an average of 15.50. All of these wickets came in a single innings against Worcestershire. Herkes also played List A cricket for Middlesex, making his debut in that format against Leicestershire in the 1978 John Player League. He made two further appearances", "id": "13936586" }, { "contents": "Nick Clewley\n\n\nNicholas James Clewley (born 13 June 1983) is an English cricketer. Clewley is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire. Clewley made his debut for Shropshire against Oxfordshire in the 2004 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Shropshire from 2004 to 2006, making six appearances in the Minor Counties Championship and three MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. While studying for his degree at Loughborough University, Clewley made his first-class debut for Loughborough UCCE against", "id": "7845952" }, { "contents": "Simon Steel\n\n\nSimon Andrew Steel (born 2 October 1969) is a former English cricketer. Steel was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born at Ipswich, Suffolk. Steel made his debut in Minor counties cricket for Suffolk in the 1996 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He made three further appearances in that season's competition, playing in matches against Staffordshire and Norfolk. In that same season he played a single List A match against first-class county Somerset in the NatWest Trophy at the", "id": "15114362" }, { "contents": "Harry Love (cricketer)\n\n\nHarry Love (30 May 1871 – 26 March 1942) was an English cricketer. Love was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm slow-medium. He was born at Hastings, Sussex. Love made his first-class debut for Sussex against Cambridge University in 1893. He made four further first-class appearances for the county, the last of which came against the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1894. In his five first-class matches, he had ten batting innings, scoring a total of 110 runs", "id": "8456727" }, { "contents": "Paul Hindmarch\n\n\nPaul Robert Hindmarch (born 8 February 1988) is an English cricketer. Hindmarch is a right-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast. He was born at Carlisle, Cumberland, and was educated as Keswick School. Hindmarch made his debut for Cumberland against Lincolnshire in the 2006 Minor Counties Championship. His next appearance for Cumberland didn't come until 2009, against Northumberland in the Minor Counties Championship, having between those appearances played second XI cricket for a number of first-class counties. His next appearance for", "id": "19122877" }, { "contents": "Ben Raine\n\n\nBenjamin Alexander Raine (born 14 September 1991) is an English cricketer. Raine is a left-handed batsman who bowls right-arm medium-fast, playing for Leicestershire. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Raine made a single appearance for Northumberland against Shropshire in 2010 MCCA Knockout Trophy. In 2011, Raine made his debut for Durham in a List A match in the Clydesdale Bank 40 against Warwickshire. Later in the 2011 season, Raine made his first-class debut against Sri Lanka A. In this match", "id": "10992827" }, { "contents": "Peter Gooch\n\n\nPeter Anthony Gooch (born 2 May 1949) is a former English cricketer. Gooch was a left-handed batsman who bowled right-arm fast-medium. He was born in Timperley, Cheshire. Gooch made his first-class debut for Lancashire against Oxford University in 1970. He played 3 further first-class matches in 1970, the last coming against Glamorgan in the County Championship. In his 4 first-class matches for Lancashire, he took 6 wickets at bowling average of 42.00, with best figures of 4/52", "id": "8382576" }, { "contents": "Herbert Chard\n\n\nHerbert William Chard (17 October 1869 – 9 January 1932) was an English cricketer. Chard was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He was born at Westbury, Bristol. Chard made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire in 1889 against Surrey at The Oval and Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. He scored 35 runs at an average of 8.75, with a high score of 32, while with the ball he took 3 wickets at a bowling average of 45.33, with best figures", "id": "21845539" }, { "contents": "Aamer Khan (cricketer, born 1969)\n\n\nfour wicketless overs. His next appearance in first-class cricket came back in England in 1995 for Middlesex against Cambridge University. He made two further first-class appearances for Middlesex, both in 1995 against Oxford University and Sussex, with Khan taking a total of 8 wickets in his three matches, at an average of 17.75, with best figures of 4/51. These were his only appearances for Middlesex. He joined Sussex for the 1997 season, making his debut for the county against Northamptonshire in the County Championship. He followed", "id": "9339081" }, { "contents": "Charles Clifton (cricketer)\n\n\nCharles Clifton (13 January 1846 – date of death unknown) was an English cricketer. Clifton was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm roundarm fast. He was born at Ruddington, Nottinghamshire. Clifton made his first-class debut for Nottinghamshire against Surrey in 1873 at The Oval, with him making a further first-class appearance that season against Sussex at the County Ground, Hove. Six first-class appearances for the county followed in 1874, while in 1875 he made a first-class appearance for", "id": "8288553" }, { "contents": "Bill Johnson (cricketer)\n\n\nWilliam 'Bill' Johnson (born 27 February 1959) is a former English cricketer. Johnson was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm off break. He was born in Sunderland, County Durham. Johnson made his debut for Durham against Bedfordshire in 1986 Minor Counties Championship. He played Minor counties cricket for Durham from 1986 to 1988, making 7 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. He made his only List A appearance against Somerset in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He scored 16 runs in", "id": "6296623" }, { "contents": "Peter Cousens (cricketer)\n\n\nPeter Cousens (born 15 May 1932) is a South African-born former English cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born in Durban, Natal. Cousens made his first-class debut for Essex against Lancashire in the 1950 County Championship. He made 38 further first-class appearances for Essex, the last of which came against Sussex in the 1955 County Championship. In his 39 first-class appearances for Essex, he took 44 wickets at a bowling average", "id": "19235363" }, { "contents": "James Carpenter (cricketer)\n\n\nJames Robert Carpenter (born 20 October 1975) is a former English cricketer. Carpenter was a left-handed batsman who bowled slow left-arm orthodox. He was born at Birkenhead, Cheshire. Carpenter made a single Minor Counties Championship appearance for Cheshire against Oxfordshire in 1996, before joining Sussex in 1997. In that same year he made his first-class debut for the county against Surrey in the County Championship. He made infrequent appearances for Sussex in first-class cricket, making twelve more appearances, the last of", "id": "17934867" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nMVP Award as selected by the fans while the other MVP award, the President's Trophy was selected by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines. However after the 1995–96 season, the Cyclone Taylor Trophy officially became the lone Canucks MVP award since the winners of each trophy was identical. The most prolific winner of the Cyclone Taylor Trophy is Markus Naslund, who has been awarded five times (including four straight from 2001 to 2004), followed by Trevor Linden with four. The trophy's present holder is Jacob Markstrom (2019)", "id": "8304006" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Award is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks (a National Hockey League team). It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979-80 Canuck season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Previously it was a Canucks", "id": "8304005" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof Hockey Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill ambassador Babe Pratt, the trophy was renamed in honour of him. Mattias Ohlund, Jyrki Lumme, Doug Lidster and Harold Snepsts have won the award four times. The Cyclone Taylor Trophy is the award given each year to the most valuable player on the Vancouver Canucks as selected by the fans. It is named after Cyclone Taylor, a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who led the Vancouver Millionaires to the Stanley Cup in 1915. The award was dedicated to him prior to the 1979–80", "id": "6463188" }, { "contents": "President's Trophy (Canucks MVP)\n\n\nFrom 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. However, many of the names matched the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP as selected by the fans). After the '96 season the President's Trophy was discontinued and the Cyclone Taylor Trophy became the sole Canucks MVP Award. 1 - Shortened season due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout", "id": "16483699" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nCanucks season, the season after his death on June 9, 1979, although an award for the Canucks MVP has existed since the team's inauguration in 1970. Markus Naslund has won the award five times. The Cyrus H. McLean Trophy was named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968–70. The trophy was first awarded in the Canucks first season, which recognizes the Canucks leading scorer over the course of the regular season. Markus Naslund has won the award the most times,", "id": "6463189" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nto the player judged to be the most exciting, as voted by the fans. Tony Tanti and Pavel Bure have won the award five times. From 1974–75 to 1995–96, the President's Trophy was awarded to the Canucks' most valuable player. It was originally presented by CP Air and later Canadian Airlines and the player won a pair of airline tickets with the trophy. Obviously, many of the names match the Cyclone Taylor Trophy (also awarded to the MVP) and the trophy was retired after the 1996 season. The", "id": "6463192" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nNeely, Mark Messier, Mats Sundin and Pavel Bure are several Hockey Hall of Famers who have played for the Canucks during their careers; former owner Frank Griffiths, coach Roger Neilson and general managers Bud Poile, Jake Milford and Pat Quinn have been inducted as builders. The Canucks have six internal team awards – the Molson Cup is awarded to the player who earns the most three-star selections throughout the season; the Cyclone Taylor Trophy i given to the team's most valuable player; Cyrus H. McLean Trophy recognizes the Canucks", "id": "6463164" }, { "contents": "Cyrus H. McLean Trophy\n\n\nThe Cyrus H. McLean Trophy is an award given to the annual leading point-scorer of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is one of six annual team awards that are presented on the last home game of the regular season. It is named after Cyrus H. McLean who was the former team President of the WHL Vancouver Canucks from 1968-70. The trophy was first presented in the Canucks first season, 1970–71, and has been awarded every NHL season since. Markus Naslund has won the", "id": "17427245" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\ninto the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame and the British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame. When the Hockey Hall of Fame started construction on a new building in 1961, Taylor was given the honour to turn the sod. There are several awards named after Taylor. The Vancouver Canucks team award for most valuable player is named the Cyclone Taylor Trophy. The Cyclone Taylor Cup was donated in 1966 and is the awarded to the winner of a tournament between the winners of the British Columbia Junior B leagues. As well the junior Listowel Cyclones", "id": "481651" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nCory Schneider's .929 save percentage in 2010–11). He won three team awards – the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as MVP, the Molson Cup as the player with the most three-star selections, and the Most Exciting Player Award. He led the Canucks to a Northwest Division title and what was then a franchise record of 105 points, The team was seeded third in the Western Conference. The 2007 playoffs marked Luongo's first NHL post-season appearance. Facing the Dallas Stars in the opening round, he almost set an", "id": "5105637" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nleading the Canucks in scoring seven consecutive years, from 1999 to 2006. The Fred J. Hume Award is named after Fred J. Hume, who was the former mayor of Vancouver and owner of the Canucks while they were in the Western Hockey League. The team award is given out at the end of each NHL season to the team's unsung hero, as selected by fans. Before the 2016-2017 season, the winner was decided by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club since the inaugural 1970–71 season. Currently, five players have", "id": "6463190" }, { "contents": "Babe Pratt Trophy\n\n\nThe Babe Pratt Trophy is an annual award presented to the best defenceman on the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). One of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, it is voted by the team fans and is presented at the last home game of the regular season. The most recent recipient is Alexander Edler, who won in the 2018–19 season. The Babe Pratt Trophy was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy. After the death of Hall of Fame defenceman and Canucks goodwill", "id": "9580235" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\n1999 NHL Entry Draft, Henrik spent his entire NHL career in Vancouver. After four seasons with the club, he became the Canucks' top-scoring centre in 2005–06. He has since won three Cyrus H. McLean Trophies as the team's leading point-scorer (from 2007–08 to 2009–10) and one Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (2010). In 2009–10, he won the Hart Memorial Trophy as well as the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player and leading point-scorer", "id": "8690990" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n' leading scorer; the Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman; the Fred J. Hume Award is awarded to the Canucks' unsung hero; and the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is awarded to the player judged to be the most exciting on the team. Each of these awards are presented towards the end of the season. The Canucks have won the Western (previously the Campbell) Conference three times, in the 1982, 1994 and 2011 seasons. In their first 21 years, Vancouver Canucks players and", "id": "6463165" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nout of circulation in honour of Pavol Demitra. At the start of their 40th season, the Vancouver Canucks decided to launch the Ring of Honour to celebrate and salute Canuck heroes who have made a lasting impact on the franchise. The Babe Pratt Trophy is given to the best Canucks defenceman, as voted by the fans. The trophy is presented at the last home game of the regular season. It was first awarded for the 1972–73 season as the Premier's Trophy, but as of the 1989–90 season, after the untimely death", "id": "6463187" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nRoberto Luongo (, , ; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 19 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Florida Panthers and the Vancouver Canucks. Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals against average in the league (2011, with backup Cory Schneider). He was a finalist for several awards", "id": "5105603" }, { "contents": "Tony Tanti\n\n\n41 goals and 38 assists) over 77 games, earning the Cyrus H. McLean Trophy as the Canucks' leading scorer for the first time. He repeated the feat in 1987–88 with 40 goals and 77 points over 73 games, while also being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as team MVP. Tanti's production decreased significantly in 1988–89 with 24 goals and 49 points over 77 games. Midway through the following campaign, he was dealt to the Pittsburgh Penguins in a six-player trade on January 8, 1990. Tanti left Vancouver", "id": "19394479" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nshot and stickhandling. After playing junior hockey within the Modo organization, Näslund turned professional with the club's Elitserien team in 1990–91. Selected in the first round, 16th overall by the Penguins in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft, he joined the NHL in 1993–94. After his tenure with Pittsburgh, Näslund was traded to the Vancouver Canucks in 1996, where he spent 12 years, including a team record 8 as captain. He received the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the Canucks' most valuable player five times and the Cyrus H. McLean", "id": "5105888" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, respectively. The Sedin twins have won a combined four awards. Markus Naslund has played in five NHL All-Star Games, the most in Canucks history. Four players have had their numbers retired by the Canucks organization. Stan Smyl became the first Canuck to have his #12 retired in 1991, followed by Trevor Linden's #16 in 2008, Markus Naslund's #19 in 2010 and Pavel Bure's #10 in 2013. Although they have been recognized for their accomplishments with different teams, Igor Larionov, Cam", "id": "6463163" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nvaluable player. He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team, and finished second to Brian Leetch, of the New York Rangers, in voting for the Calder Memorial Trophy, awarded to the rookie of the year. Fans voted him as the winner of \"The Hockey News\"' rookie of the year award. The Canucks made the playoffs in the 1988–89 season, for the first time in three years, and Linden scored seven points in the Canucks' seven-game series loss to the eventual Stanley Cup champion", "id": "6169197" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor\n\n\nremained involved in hockey after he stopped playing. He was inaugural president of the Pacific Coast Hockey League, serving from 1936 to 1940. He dropped the puck in the ceremonial face-off that preceded the expansion Vancouver Canucks' first home game when the team joined the National Hockey League (NHL) in 1970. A season-ticket holder, Taylor was a fixture at Canucks games until his death. Taylor ran unsuccessfully for election, as a member of the B.C. Progressive Conservative party, in the Vancouver Centre riding in the", "id": "481639" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nMarkus Naslund and power forward Todd Bertuzzi into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by center Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart Memorial Trophy finalist in 2003. Bertuzzi was also a top-five scorer in the NHL in 2001–02 and", "id": "5182740" }, { "contents": "Fred J. Hume Award\n\n\nThe Fred J. Hume Award is an annual award presented to the player deemed to be the most \"unsung hero\" for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). It is voted by the fans and presented at the Canucks' the last home game of the regular season. The current holder of the award is forward Antoine Roussel, who won in the 2018–19 NHL season. The Fred J. Hume Award was first presented after the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970–71 and was named after former Mayor of Vancouver Fred", "id": "4955292" }, { "contents": "Cyclone Taylor Cup\n\n\nThe Cyclone Taylor Cup tournament serves as the British Columbia Provincial Junior B Hockey Championship. The annual tournament is held amongst the champions of British Columbia's three Junior B ice hockey leagues, as well as a host team. The winner of the Cyclone Taylor Cup moves onto the Western Canadian Junior B championship, the Keystone Cup. The tournament and championship trophy is named after Hockey Hall of Famer Fred \"Cyclone\" Taylor, who was an integral member of the Vancouver Millionaires Stanley Cup victory in 1915. The tournament is played between", "id": "1824338" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nThe Vancouver Canucks are a Canadian professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks joined the league in 1970–71 season as an expansion team, along with the Buffalo Sabres. In their history, the team has captured the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference champions in 1982, 1994 and 2011, but lost in their three Stanley Cup appearances to the New York Islanders, New York Rangers and Boston Bruins", "id": "6463162" }, { "contents": "Henrik Sedin\n\n\nafter scoring 24 points in 15 games. Henrik entered the final game of the regular season, on 10 April against the Calgary Flames, one point behind Alexander Ovechkin for the NHL scoring lead. In a pre-game ceremony, he was awarded the Canucks' Cyclone Taylor Trophy, Cyrus H. McLean Trophy and Molson Cup as the team's most valuable player, leading scorer and three-star selection leader, respectively. He then went on to record four assists in a 7–3 win to finish the season with 112 points,", "id": "8691015" }, { "contents": "Willie Mitchell (ice hockey)\n\n\nHowever, Mitchell continued to play with the injury for nine games afterwards. He recorded two goals and 12 points, while leading the team with 108 blocked shots and 1,646:20 minutes in total ice time. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he was awarded his first Babe Pratt Trophy as the Canucks' top defenceman. With the departure of long-time Canucks captain Markus Näslund to free agency in the 2008 off-season, Mitchell was considered a leading candidate for captaincy. The Canucks instead appointed team MVP Roberto Luongo as", "id": "12303511" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won to a west coast team in the trophy's history. After the Millionaires disbanded following the 1925–26 season, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams for many years. Most notably, the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known as the Vancouver Canucks), played from 1945 to 1970 in the Pacific Coast Hockey League and Western Hockey League. With the intention of attracting an NHL franchise,", "id": "5182698" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nand 10 ties, he won his first Cyclone Taylor Trophy as Canucks MVP and second Molson Cup. Early in the 1990–91 season, McLean re-signed with the Canucks to a one-year contract with a second year option on October 16, 1990. He was set to make $145,000 prior to re-organizing his contract for the season. McLean struggled in his fourth year with the Canucks, however, recording a career-worst 3.99 GAA with a 10-22-3 record in 41 games. McLean bounced", "id": "21061625" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nVigneault are the only two Canucks head coaches to win a Jack Adams Award with the team. Bill LaForge, who coached the start of the 1984 season, has the fewest points with the Canucks, with 10. Harry Neale served the most terms as head coach of the Canucks with three while Pat Quinn served two. The current head coach is Travis Green, who served in the same position with the Canucks' AHL affiliate, the Utica Comets. Clarence S. Campbell Bowl Presidents' Trophy Calder Memorial Trophy Jack Adams Award Budweiser", "id": "21615081" }, { "contents": "1981–82 NHL season\n\n\nThe 1981–82 NHL season was the 65th season of the National Hockey League. The William M. Jennings Trophy made its debut this year as the trophy for the goaltenders from the team with the fewest goals against, thus replacing the Vezina Trophy in that qualifying criteria. The Vezina Trophy would thereafter be awarded to the goaltender adjudged to be the best at his position. The New York Islanders won their third straight Stanley Cup by sweeping the Vancouver Canucks in four games. Prior to the start of the season, the divisions of the league", "id": "11064953" }, { "contents": "Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award\n\n\nThe Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is an annual award presented by the Vancouver Canucks to the player judged to be team's most exciting as voted by the fans. It is one of six annual team awards presented to Canucks players, awarded on the last home game of the regular season. Although the Canucks Media Guide does not recognize any recipients prior to the 1992–93 season, there is record of an annual winner every year since the Canucks' inaugural season in 1970. Prior to the 2013-14 NHL season, the", "id": "9516454" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nright wing for the Canucks from 1978 to 1991. Trevor Linden's #16 was retired in 2008, and was recognized as \"Captain Canuck\" during his 17 years with the Canucks from 1988–98 and 2001–08. Markus Naslund's #19 was retired in 2010, and is the current Canuck record holder for most goals, most powerplay goals, and tied with the most hat tricks during his tenure with the Vancouver Canucks. Hockey Hall of Famer Pavel Bure's #10 was retired in 2013, and is the current single-", "id": "6463181" }, { "contents": "Kirk McLean\n\n\nTim Cheveldae), as Vancouver won their first Smythe Division title since 1975. He appeared in his second All-Star Game, won his second Cyclone Taylor Trophy and was named to the Second All-Star Team. He earned his second Vezina Trophy nomination, finishing second in voting as Roy won the award once more. He recorded personal bests with a 2.74 GAA and 38 wins, the latter of which set a Canucks single-season goaltending record. (The mark stood for 15 years before Roberto Luongo recorded 47 wins", "id": "21061628" }, { "contents": "Roberto Luongo\n\n\nLuongo win only one of his final eight starts caused the Canucks to miss the playoffs altogether. Nevertheless, he received his second consecutive team MVP and Molson Cup awards. He also finished seventh in Vezina Trophy balloting. On September 30, 2008, prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Vancouver Canucks general manager Mike Gillis and head coach Alain Vigneault named Luongo the 12th captain in team history, replacing the departed Markus Näslund. The decision was unconventional, as league rules forbid goaltenders from being captains. As such, Luongo", "id": "5105642" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n, including the Ted Lindsay Award, the Hart Memorial Trophy and becoming the first brother duo to win back-to-back Art Ross Trophies. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the top rookies at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The National Hockey League All-Star Game is a mid-season exhibition game held annually between many", "id": "6463167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League\n\n\nThe Vancouver Island Junior Hockey League (VIJHL) is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a junior \"B\" ice hockey league of 9 franchised member clubs, all of which are currently located in Canada. The Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The winner of the Brent Patterson Memorial Trophy competes with the champions of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League and the Pacific International Junior Hockey League for the Cyclone Taylor Cup, the British Columbia Provincial Title", "id": "5872902" }, { "contents": "Cody Hodgson\n\n\nCody Douglas Hodgson (born February 18, 1990) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey centreman. Hodgson played at the major junior level for four seasons with the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). After being selected tenth overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks, Hodgson won the William Hanley Trophy (OHL's most sportsmanlike player), Red Tilson Trophy (OHL player of the year) and the CHL Player of the Year Award, as well as First Team All-Star honours", "id": "20946467" }, { "contents": "2011 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nThe 2011 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) , and the culmination of the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion Boston Bruins defeated the Western Conference champion Vancouver Canucks four games to three. The Bruins ended a 39-year Stanley Cup drought with the win. Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Canucks had home ice advantage in the Finals by virtue of winning the Presidents' Trophy as the team that finished", "id": "3268546" }, { "contents": "Sonny Mignacca\n\n\nSonny Mignacca (born January 4, 1974) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Mignacca played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Hockey League, beginning in 1990–91. In 1993–94, he was awarded the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP after posting a 3.27 GAA and a 26-23-5 record. Mignacca was drafted two years prior by the Vancouver Canucks 213th overall in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft. After graduating from major junior, Mignacca was assigned to the Syracuse Crunch of the American", "id": "17912646" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nconsecutive games, the longest in the league at the time. His team record was later broken in 2007 by Brendan Morrison. In his 49 games that season, he scored 9 goals and 31 assists. At the conclusion of the season, the NHL recognized Linden's contributions to the Vancouver community and awarded him the King Clancy Memorial Trophy. At the start of the 1997–98 season, the Canucks added free agent Mark Messier, a six-time Stanley Cup winner, and manager/head coach Mike Keenan, who were,", "id": "6169203" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nstaff were not able to win a major individual NHL award until the 1991–92 NHL season. In that year, Pavel Bure won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's rookie of the year and Pat Quinn won the Jack Adams Award as coach of the year. Since the 1991–92 season, Canucks players and staff have won an additional 14 individual NHL awards, winning the most awards in the 2010–11 season, with five. The two most decorated Canucks players are Daniel and Henrik Sedin. The Sedins have won a combined five awards", "id": "6463166" }, { "contents": "Markus Näslund\n\n\nwith the Canucks. Injuries to forwards Alexander Mogilny and Todd Bertuzzi, as well as the absence of Pavel Bure, resulted in Näslund earning more ice time. He scored his third NHL career hat-trick on 5 December 1998 during a 4–1 win against the Dallas Stars. At mid-season, he was named to his first NHL All-Star Game, held in January 1999. He went on to record a team-leading 36 goals and 66 points, resulting in him being awarded the Cyclone Taylor Trophy as the", "id": "5105909" }, { "contents": "1988–89 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCalgary wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 3\" That summer, several Canucks were acknowledged for their performances during the season by becoming the first Canucks to be nominated for post-season awards. Though Trevor Linden (Calder Memorial Trophy), Kirk McLean (Vezina Trophy), Stan Smyl (Masterton Trophy), and coach Bob McCammon (Jack Adams Trophy) came away empty-handed, they, along with all of their teammates, had truly given the fans of Vancouver a series to remember. /div", "id": "10885689" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\nThe Conn Smythe Trophy () is awarded annually to the most valuable player (MVP) during the National Hockey League's (NHL) Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the longtime owner, general manager, and head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 53 times to 46 players since the 1964–65 NHL season. Each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Finals, members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association vote to elect the player", "id": "11757370" }, { "contents": "2013 Stanley Cup Finals\n\n\nawarded after the NBA championship. This was the Boston Bruins's nineteenth appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals, a couple years removed from , when they also faced the Presidents Trophy winners, the Vancouver Canucks whom they defeated to win their sixth Cup championship. The Bruins entered the season without the services of goalie Tim Thomas, the Conn Smythe Trophy winner during Boston's 2011 championship. It was announced in June 3, 2012, that he planned on taking a year off from hockey. Thomas was eventually traded to the New York", "id": "9854778" }, { "contents": "Peter Schaefer (ice hockey)\n\n\n14, 1997, he tied a WHL record for most shorthanded goals in a game with 3 in an 8–1 win against the Medicine Hat Tigers. Schaefer earned the Four Broncos Memorial Trophy as league MVP as well as the WHL Plus-Minus Award with a league-high +57 rating in his final WHL season. Graduating from major junior, Schaefer spent several seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Canucks' minor league affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch. He cracked the Canucks' lineup in 1998–99, scoring 8", "id": "9488494" }, { "contents": "N. J. Taylor Trophy\n\n\nThe N.J. Taylor Trophy is a Canadian Football League trophy, formerly awarded to the West Division champions. The winner of this trophy faced the winner of the James S. Dixon Trophy for the Grey Cup. Both the N. J. Taylor Trophy and James S. Dixon Trophy were retired in 2004. The N.J. Taylor Trophy was named after former Western Inter-Provincial Football Union president N. J. \"Piffles\" Taylor. The trophy was first awarded in 1948, replacing the earlier Hugo Ross Trophy which served an identical function. In 1995, as", "id": "5060293" }, { "contents": "Player of the Year Trophy (IHJUK)\n\n\nThe Player of the Year Trophy is an award given by Ice Hockey Journalists UK (formally the British Ice Hockey Writers Association) to the MVP in the Elite League and the English Premier League at the end of each season. In previous seasons it has been awarded to players in the British Hockey League's Premier and First Divisions, the Super League and the British National League. The trophy was first awarded in 1985. Tony Hand has won the trophy the most times, with a total of six awards. Steve Moria has", "id": "7922167" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\na fire in 1936. The Millionaires played for the Stanley Cup five times, winning over the Ottawa Senators in 1915 on home ice. It marked the first time the Stanley Cup was won by a West Coast team in the trophy's history. Absorbed by the Western Canada Hockey League in 1924, the team continued operations until folding at the end of the 1925–26 WHL season. From 1926 to 1970, Vancouver was home to only minor league teams. Most notably the present-day Canucks' minor league predecessor (also known", "id": "21614972" }, { "contents": "Brian Bradley (ice hockey, born 1965)\n\n\nback from playing with Canadian National Men's Hockey Team, where he spent most of the 1986–87 NHL season playing, Bradley was traded to the Vancouver Canucks. During the 1989 playoffs, Bradley would tie rookie Trevor Linden with a team-leading 7 points in seven games. His best regular season totals with the Canucks came in the 1989–90 season when he scored a team respectable 48 points and was awarded The Canucks' \"Most Exciting Player Award\" by Canuck fans. He started out the 1990–91 season playing strongly, only to", "id": "10385254" }, { "contents": "Mike Gillis\n\n\n's top rookie. In goal, Gillis had re-signed prospect Cory Schneider in the off-season, as well. Backing up Roberto Luongo as a rookie, the duo won the William M. Jennings Trophy as the goaltending tandem with the fewest goals against in the League. Gillis' transactions were instrumental in the Canucks' first Presidents' Trophy, leading the NHL with the best regular season record in 2010–11, and he was personally awarded with the League's inaugural NHL General Manager of the Year Award. The Canucks advanced", "id": "6587059" }, { "contents": "2013–14 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nseasons. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL Rookie of the Year as a Canuck, and was an integral part of the team's 1994 Stanley Cup Finals run. In addition, the team also changed the name of one of its year end team awards from the Most Exciting Player Award to the Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award. Bure called it a \"great night\", adding: \"It's probably the biggest honor you can get. I'm really pleased.\" Vancouver won the game 4–0, with", "id": "4882298" }, { "contents": "Trevor Linden\n\n\nhis first hat-trick against the Minnesota North Stars. Linden finished the season tied for the team lead in goals (30) and second for points (59). He was the first Canucks rookie to score 30 goals and came within one point of tying Ivan Hlinka's team record of 60 points as a first-year player, set in 1981–82 (the record was later tied by Pavel Bure in 1991–92). Linden also became the first rookie to win the Cyclone Taylor Award, given to the Canucks' most", "id": "6169196" }, { "contents": "2012–13 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nwould not need to clear waivers. After winning back to back Presidents' Trophies in prior seasons the Canucks were projected as Stanley Cup contenders. The prediction was based on Vancouver's team depth, the offense provided by Daniel and Henrik Sedin, the two-way play of Kesler and Alexandre Burrows, plus the versatility of the Canuck's top four defenceman. \"The Hockey News\" predicted that the Canucks would win the Northwest Division and finish as the second place team in the Western Conference. Schneider began the year as the", "id": "19667286" }, { "contents": "Traditions and anecdotes associated with the Stanley Cup\n\n\nRangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and Martin Brodeur hoisted the Wales trophy as well in 2000, after the New Jersey Devils came back from a 3–1 series deficit to defeat the Philadelphia Flyers in seven games; the Devils would go on to defeat the Dallas Stars (who touched but did", "id": "14133871" }, { "contents": "Daniel Sedin\n\n\nthe Cyclone Taylor Award as the team's most valuable player (MVP) and his third Cyrus H. McLean Award as the team's leading point-scorer. Finishing the campaign with a career-high 41 goals, 63 assists and 104 points, he won the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL's leading point-scorer. It marked the first time in NHL history that brothers led the League in scoring in back-to-back seasons, as Henrik had won the previous year. Chicago Blackhawks forwards Doug and Max Bentley", "id": "8690892" }, { "contents": "William Lockwood (ice hockey)\n\n\nfor the University of Michigan, where he earned the Hal Downes Trophy as the teams MVP and Dekers Club Award as the teams top rookie in his freshman year. Lockwood was selected 64th overall in the third round of the 2016 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He was selected higher than projected, with NHL Central Scouting ranking him 108th among North American skaters. Lockwood helped Team USA capture bronze at the U18 World Junior in 2016. Lockwood was selected to the United States under-20 team for the 2018 World Junior Championships in", "id": "18649771" }, { "contents": "Bo Horvat\n\n\nBowie \"Bo\" William Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for and an alternate captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected ninth overall in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. During his junior career in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), he won the Wayne Gretzky 99 Award as playoff MVP in 2013, as well as two J. Ross Robertson Cup titles with the London Knights. Internationally, he has played for Team Canada", "id": "2732587" }, { "contents": "Frank J. Selke Trophy\n\n\nThe Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former general manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens, the trophy has been awarded 35 times to 23 different players since the 1977–78 NHL season. The current holder is Ryan O'Reilly of the St. Louis Blues. The trophy was first awarded at the", "id": "23626" }, { "contents": "Alain Vigneault\n\n\ntenure with the team up to the 2009–10 season, the Canucks won their first-ever Presidents' Trophy as the league's best regular season team after a franchise year of 54 wins and 117 points. They advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time since 1994, but lost the championship in seven games to the Boston Bruins. Vigneault earned his third nomination for the Jack Adams Award in 2011, but lost to Dan Bylsma of the Pittsburgh Penguins. The following year, the Canucks repeated as Presidents' Trophy champions", "id": "12148240" }, { "contents": "Calder Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Calder Memorial Trophy is an annual award given \"to the player selected as the most proficient in his first year of competition in the National Hockey League (NHL).\" It is named after Frank Calder, the first president of the NHL. Serving as the NHL's Rookie of the Year award, this version of the trophy has been awarded since its creation for the 1936–37 NHL season. The voting is conducted by members of the Professional Hockey Writers' Association at the conclusion of each regular season to determine the winner", "id": "18517296" }, { "contents": "2011–12 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nHenrik Sedin only played in two preseason games. Like 2010–11 the Vancouver Canucks were met with extremely high expectations for the upcoming season. They entered 2011–12 as the defending Presidents' Trophy and Western Conference Champions. It was a record setting season that saw them rank first in the league in goals per game, goals against per game and power play percentage. Both Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider were awarded the William M. Jennings Trophy for lowest goals against. General consensus through various sports media outlets such as The Hockey News, Sports Illustrated", "id": "11111759" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nthe Northwest Division title. Coinciding with the team's success in the early 2000s was the rise of power forward Todd Bertuzzi and captain Markus Naslund into high-scoring wingers and NHL All-Stars. Joined by centre Brendan Morrison during the 2001–02 season, the trio were nicknamed the \"West Coast Express\" (after the Vancouver rail service of the same name) among Canucks fans and media. Over the next three years, Naslund ranked in the top five among league scorers and was a Lester B. Pearson Award winner and Hart", "id": "21615017" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nof the top players of each season. Forty-one All-Star Games have been held since the Canucks' inaugural season. The All-Star Game has not been held in various years: 1995, 2005 and 2013 as a result of labour stoppages; 2006, 2010 and 2014 because of the Winter Olympics; 1979 and 1987 due to the 1979 Challenge Cup; and the Rendez-vous '87 series between the NHL and the Soviet national team. The NHL also held a Young Stars Game for first- and second", "id": "6463168" }, { "contents": "Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy\n\n\nThe Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy is a Canadian Hockey League (CHL) trophy, awarded to the most valuable player in the annual Memorial Cup Tournament. The trophy was first awarded in 1972 and won by Richard Brodeur of the QMJHL's Cornwall Royals. Taylor Hall won the award in 2009 and 2010 with the Windsor Spitfires making him the first repeat winner in the trophy's history. Through the 2011 season, it has been won 17 times by players on a team representing the Western Hockey League, 13 by those from the OHL", "id": "13552549" }, { "contents": "Brian Leetch\n\n\na season and was awarded the Norris Trophy. Leetch was the last NHL defenseman to record 100 points in a season. In 1994 he again matched his career high of 23 goals in the regular season as the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy. That year the Rangers' 54-year championship drought ended with a 7-game Stanley Cup victory over the Vancouver Canucks; Leetch became the first non-Canadian to be awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, and remained the only American to win the award until the Boston Bruins' Tim Thomas in 2011.", "id": "4799466" }, { "contents": "NHL Conference Finals\n\n\nTrophy with his stick's blade before the overtime period in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals. Matteau subsequently scored the game-winning goal in double overtime against the New Jersey Devils. Following the game, Mark Messier, the captain of the Rangers, picked up and raised the Wales Trophy after it was awarded to the team. After winning the Western Conference, Vancouver Canucks captain Trevor Linden lifted the Campbell trophy. The Rangers prevailed over the Canucks in a seven-game series to win the Cup. Scott Stevens and", "id": "21455446" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nClarence S. Campbell Bowl in 2009, taken in honor of being the champions of the Western Conference. The team has captured the Stanley Cup as league champion eleven times, most recently in 2008. Gordie Howe is the team's most decorated player, with six wins each of the Art Ross Trophy as regular season scoring leader and the Hart Memorial Trophy as regular season most valuable player (MVP), twenty-one selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars (the most in league history), twenty-two", "id": "6898161" }, { "contents": "Sydney Uni Baseball Club\n\n\nright is also the 84-year-old trophy that Uni Games Baseball teams compete for each year. The trophy was originally awarded to the combined University team that played against the touring American Army Team in 1925, after sweeping the tourists in a best of three series. It has since been awarded annually to the Inter Varsity/Uni Games champion since early 40's. The Club MVP award speaks for itself, recognising the most valuable player in the club, who is usually always the 1st grade MVP also. The award is named", "id": "3938099" }, { "contents": "Calder Cup\n\n\nThe Calder Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the champions of the American Hockey League. It is the oldest continuously awarded professional ice hockey playoff trophy, as it has been annually presented since the 1936–37 season. The Calder Cup was first presented in 1937 to the Syracuse Stars. The trophy is named after Frank Calder, who was the first president of the National Hockey League. The Calder Memorial Trophy, which is awarded annually to the Rookie of the Year in the National Hockey League, was also named after Calder. The", "id": "5111110" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwon the award twice. In 2018, Dorsett won the award in the same season he announced his retirement from the NHL due to health reasons and risks. The Canucks are one of several teams in Canada that award the Molson Cup to the player who is named one of a game's top three players, or \"three stars\", most often over the course of the regular season. Roberto Luongo has won the Molson Cup five times, the most in team history. The Pavel Bure Most Exciting Player Award is given", "id": "6463191" }, { "contents": "List of Detroit Red Wings award winners\n\n\nappearances in the All-Star Game, the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport in the United States, and the NHL Lifetime Achievement Award for long term contributions to hockey. Nicklas Lidstrom has the most awards of any defenseman, having once won the Conn Smythe Trophy as post season MVP to go along with having won the James Norris Memorial Trophy (Norris Trophy) seven times as the best defenseman in the league as well as twelve selections to the First and Second Team All-Stars and twelve selections to the", "id": "6898162" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\n's broadcasts. Robson was the radio voice of the Canucks from 1970 to 1994 and continued to work their television broadcasts until 1999. Robson also did additional work with CBC Television's \"Hockey Night in Canada\", calling three All-Star Games, parts of four Stanley Cup Finals and is probably best remembered for his call of Bob Nystrom's Stanley Cup-winning overtime goal for the New York Islanders in 1980. The Vancouver Canucks have retired four numbers. The Canucks retired #12 in honour of Stan Smyl who played", "id": "6463180" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nwhen he traded Alek Stojanov to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Markus Naslund, which is seen as one of the NHL's most lopsided trades as Naslund became a superstar player in the NHL during the 2000s and was part of the famed \"West Coast Express\" line with Todd Bertuzzi and Brendan Morrison. One member of the Canucks organization has been honored with the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award. Former Canucks radio and television broadcaster Jim Robson was named the recipient of the award in 1992 mostly for his years of service on the team", "id": "6463179" }, { "contents": "Taylor Hall (ice hockey, born 1964)\n\n\nTaylor Hall (born February 20, 1964 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who spent parts of five seasons in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks and Boston Bruins. Hall played his junior hockey with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League, and was selected 116th overall in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. By the 1983–84 season he was dominating the WHL and finished the year with 63 goals and 142 points, good for fourth in the league. He also", "id": "3912301" }, { "contents": "History of the Vancouver Canucks\n\n\nseason progressed. On March 29, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in", "id": "5182758" }, { "contents": "Elias Pettersson\n\n\npoints in 57 games played (1.32 average). In April 2018, Pettersson was awarded the Stefan Liv Memorial Trophy, as the SHL playoffs' MVP, by SICO (Sweden's Ice hockey players Central Organisation). All 14 jury members voted unanimously for Pettersson, a first in the award's nine year history. At the \"SHL Awards\", Pettersson was named Rookie of the Year, and Forward of the Year. On 25 May 2018, the Canucks signed Pettersson to a three-year entry-level contract", "id": "11174741" }, { "contents": "1970–71 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nThere was a grand opening ceremony attended by British Columbia Premier W. A. C. Bennett, Mayor of Vancouver Tom Campbell (who was booed by fans), Chief Dan George and former Vancouver Millionaires player Cyclone Taylor, who received a standing ovation upon being introduced. Barry Wilkins scored the first goal for the Canucks in the third period. Inexplicably, the Canucks were placed in the East Division, which was not only the tougher division but featured opponents over 2,000 miles away from Vancouver. (The Canucks were nearly a .500 team at", "id": "1178803" }, { "contents": "Conn Smythe Trophy\n\n\ndeserving of the trophy. The trophy is handed out prior to the presentation of the Stanley Cup by the NHL Commissioner and only the winner is announced, in contrast to most of the other NHL awards which name three finalists and are presented at a ceremony. Unlike the playoff MVP awards presented in the other major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada (the Super Bowl MVP, the NBA Finals MVP, and the World Series MVP), the Conn Smythe is based on a player's performance during the entire NHL", "id": "11757371" }, { "contents": "2004–05 QMJHL season\n\n\nThe 2004–05 QMJHL season was the 36th season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The QMJHL inaugurates the Guy Carbonneau Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Forward,\" and the Kevin Lowe Trophy, awarded to the league's \"Best Defensive Defenceman.\" Sixteen teams played 70 games each in the schedule. Sidney Crosby was the league's top scorer, regular season MVP, Playoff leading scorer, and playoff MVP. Crosby helped lead the Rimouski Océanic on a 28-game unbeaten streak to close out", "id": "15144838" }, { "contents": "Alex Auld\n\n\nadmirably, Auld went on to capture the Cyclone Taylor trophy as team MVP, although the Canucks would miss the playoffs. Auld then joined Team Canada again, this time at the 2006 World Championships, where Canada finished a disappointing fourth, losing the bronze medal game to Finland. In June 2006, Auld was involved in a multi-player trade that sent him, Todd Bertuzzi and Bryan Allen to Florida in exchange for Roberto Luongo, Lukáš Krajíček and a sixth-round draft pick. Initially, Auld was expected to be", "id": "20325230" }, { "contents": "Dirk Graham\n\n\nDirk Milton Graham (born July 29, 1959) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Minnesota North Stars in the National Hockey League. He was honored in 1991 as the Frank J. Selke Trophy winner for outstanding defensive play by a forward. Graham served as head coach of the Blackhawks during the 1998–99 season before being relieved of his duties after 59 games. Graham was the first NHL captain of African descent. Graham was selected 89th overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1979 NHL Entry", "id": "11504977" }, { "contents": "List of Minnesota Wild award winners\n\n\nThis is a list of Minnesota Wild award winners. The Minnesota Wild have not won any of the team trophies the National Hockey League (NHL) awards annually — the Stanley Cup as league champions, the Clarence S. Campbell Bowl as Western Conference playoff champions and the Presidents' Trophy as the team with the most regular season points. The NHL First and Second Team All-Stars consists of the top players at each position as voted on by the Professional Hockey Writers' Association. The NHL All-Rookie Team consists of the", "id": "6145105" }, { "contents": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nThe National Basketball Association Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) award given since the 1955–56 season to the best performing player of the regular season. The winner receives the Maurice Podoloff Trophy, which is named in honor of the first commissioner (then president) of the NBA, who served from 1946 until 1963. Until the , the MVP was selected by a vote of NBA players. Since the , the award is decided by a panel of sportswriters and broadcasters throughout the United States", "id": "2668596" }, { "contents": "List of National Football League awards\n\n\npanel's ballots count for 80 percent of the vote tally, while the viewers' ballots make up the other 20 percent. The Super Bowl MVP has been awarded annually since the game's inception in 1967. Through 1989, the award was presented by \"SPORT\" magazine. Since 1990, the award has been presented by the NFL. At Super Bowl XXV, the league first awarded the Pete Rozelle Trophy, named after the former NFL commissioner, to the Super Bowl MVP. Most award winners have received cars from various", "id": "6120737" }, { "contents": "John Madden (ice hockey)\n\n\n. Madden was regarded during his career as one of the league's best defensive forwards; he was awarded the Frank J. Selke Trophy in 2001, and finished second in voting 2003, 2004 and 2008. His penalty-killing skills often generated breakaway chances while his team was short-handed. Madden led the NHL and set a New Jersey Devils' team record — and tied the NHL rookie record at the time, held by Gerry Minor (Vancouver Canucks, 1980–81) — by scoring six shorthanded goals during the 1999–2000 season", "id": "1967471" }, { "contents": "Wayne Gretzky\n\n\nto the NHL's season points leader, 10 times. Gretzky was named the MVP of the Stanley Cup playoffs in 1985 and 1988, receiving the Conn Smythe Trophy. In addition, he earned the Lester B. Pearson Award (now Ted Lindsay Award) on five occasions; the award is given to the NHL's \"most outstanding player\", as determined by National Hockey League Players' Association members. The Lady Byng Trophy, awarded for sportsmanship and performance, was presented to Gretzky five times between 1980 and 1999. A", "id": "14723617" }, { "contents": "List of Vancouver Canucks award winners\n\n\nTeam North America won the game 8–7 in front of a sold-out crowd of 18,422. Currently, Markus Naslund played a franchise-high five All-Star Games as a member of the Canucks. Before entering the NHL, the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL and PCHL had six notable players and one builder that was inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The list of Hall of Famers included Andy Bathgate, Johnny Bower, Tony Esposito, Allan Stanley, Gump Worsley and former owner Fred J. Hume, who was inducted", "id": "6463170" }, { "contents": "National Football League Most Valuable Player Award\n\n\nthe Joe F. Carr Trophy, awarded by the NFL from to . Today, the AP award is considered the \"de facto\" official NFL MVP award. Since the 2011 season, the NFL has held the annual NFL Honors ceremony to recognize the winner of the Associated Press MVP award. The AP has presented an MVP award since . The award is voted upon by a panel of 50 sportswriters at the end of the regular season, before the playoffs, though the results are not announced to the public until the day before", "id": "115219" }, { "contents": "2012 Stanley Cup playoffs\n\n\nKings in six games. The teams split this year's four-game regular season series. The Canucks entered the series as the favourites, with many hockey commentators predicting them to be the Western Conference champions. However, the Kings won the first three games of the series en route to eliminating the Canucks in five games. In doing so, Los Angeles became the third California team, and the sixth team overall, to eliminate a Presidents' Trophy winner in the first round of the playoffs. Vancouver struggled offensively throughout the", "id": "4488934" }, { "contents": "King Clancy Memorial Trophy\n\n\nwinning the award in consecutive years for the same team for the only time in the history of the award. Two New York Islanders and Detroit Red Wings have also won the award. Players from the seven different Canadian teams have won the trophy on 12 of the 28 occasions that it has been awarded. Three members each from the Edmonton Oilers, Calgary Flames, and Vancouver Canucks, as well as one each from the Montreal Canadiens, Minnesota Wild, Ottawa Senators, Toronto Maple Leafs, and the Winnipeg Jets have each won", "id": "23649" }, { "contents": "Petrus Palmu\n\n\nOwen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Following three seasons of major junior hockey with Owen Sound and after his selection to the Vancouver Canucks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, Palmu opted to return to Finland to embark on his professional career, agreeing to a contract with TPS of the Liiga on May 3, 2017. In the 2017–18 season Palmu led all-rookies within the Liiga by posting 17 goals and 36 points in 59 games. As a result Palmu was awarded the Jarmo Wasama Memorial Trophy as", "id": "7175711" }, { "contents": "Martin Brodeur\n\n\nplayoff MVP was awarded to Anaheim goaltender Jean-Sébastien Giguère, who became the first player not on the championship team to be named playoff MVP since Ron Hextall of Philadelphia in 1987. Some hockey writers speculated a New Jersey player did not win because there were multiple candidates, resulting in a split vote among the sportswriters who selected the winner. In the 2003–04 season, Brodeur won his second consecutive Vezina Trophy and Jennings Trophy. He was a first Team All-Star, a starter in the NHL All-Star Game,", "id": "18529030" }, { "contents": "Presidents' Trophy\n\n\nThe Presidents' Trophy () is an award presented by the National Hockey League (NHL) to the team that finishes with the most points (i.e. best record) during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins. The Presidents' Trophy has been awarded 33 times to 17 different teams since its inception during the season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents' Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage", "id": "13307372" }, { "contents": "Dallas Mavericks\n\n\nmid-season. Nowitzki's winning of regular season MVP honors and his team's first-round exit created an awkward dilemma regarding the MVP trophy ceremony. Traditionally, the MVP award is given to the winner in a ceremony between the first and second rounds of the playoffs. But it has been believed that the league opted to put some distance between the MVP presentation and the Mavericks' elimination against the Warriors. By the time Nowitzki collected his MVP award, nearly two weeks had elapsed since the Mavs were ousted in the", "id": "21534157" }, { "contents": "List of New York Islanders award winners\n\n\nand Bill Torrey, who held the general manager position from 1972 to 1992. The New York Islanders have won the Prince of Wales Trophy and Clarence S. Campbell Bowl three times each and the Stanley Cup four consecutive times, from 1980 to 1983. The Islanders have never won the Presidents' Trophy which has been given to the team finishing the regular season with the best overall record based on points since the 1985–86 season. Prior to the creation of the trophy the Islanders led the league in points three times for the 1978–79,", "id": "3757504" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Vancouver Canucks season\n\n\nCup victory in 39 years. The Canucks became the first team to lose in the Finals after winning the Presidents' Trophy since the Detroit Red Wings in . The Canucks 54 wins was the most by a team that lost in the Stanley Cup Finals, surpassing the previous record of 53 by the Philadelphia Flyers in and 117 points was the most by a team that lost in the final, surpassing the previous record of 116 by the Flyers in . On July 28, 2010, the Vancouver Canucks announced a new partnership with Rogers", "id": "10173844" }, { "contents": "Vancouver Canucks\n\n\n, 2011, the Canucks clinched first place in the West for the first time in team history. Two days later, they accomplished another first by securing the Presidents' Trophy. Finishing with 54 wins and 117 points, the 2010–11 team broke the previous Canuck records in both categories by significant margins. Individually, numerous Canucks players had career years. Daniel Sedin won the Art Ross Trophy with a league-leading 104 points, marking the first time in NHL history that two brothers won the award in back-to-back", "id": "21615036" }, { "contents": "Christian Ehrhoff\n\n\n(50), he led all Canucks defencemen in scoring, while ranking seventh among League defencemen. Ehrhoff was awarded his second consecutive Babe Pratt Trophy for his regular season efforts. Having won the Presidents' Trophy for the first time in team history, the Canucks entered the 2011 playoffs with the first seed in the West. They eliminated the Chicago Blackhawks, Nashville Predators and San Jose Sharks in the first three rounds to advance to the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in 17 years. Facing the Boston Bruins, the", "id": "3836563" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nmain Crusader army marching through Bulgaria and Hungary. Along with Tancred, Richard refused to swear an oath of fidelity to the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, preferring to cross the Bosphorus in secret. Richard was one of the commanders at the Battle of Dorylaeum in the summer of 1097. Richard and Tancred joined Bohemund at the siege of Antioch. Richard was among those captured with Bohemund in 1100 when ambushed by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. From there Richard was sent to the emperor Alexius, who imprisoned him in Constantinople", "id": "2807389" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nbefore he was finally released in 1103. His cousin Tancred then appointed him governor of Edessa in the winter of 1104, a city which he ruled until 1108. He was bitterly hated by the citizens of Edessa for being ruthless and greedy. During this time, Richard also acted as a diplomat, traveling to France and Italy and arranging the marriage of Bohemund to the princess Constance of France. He was a witness of the 1108 Treaty of Devol. He also participated in the ultimately disastrous campaigns Bohemund waged against the emperor Alexius", "id": "2807390" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nfamous uncles to the conquest of Sicily. In 1097, Richard joined his cousins, Bohemund of Taranto and Tancred, in their army on the First Crusade. Richard and Tancred were notable for being among the few Crusaders who could speak Arabic, an ability doubtlessly learned during the wars in Sicily, which had a strong Arab presence. Anna Komnene relates that when Richard crossed the Adriatic Sea, his ship was attacked and captured by the Byzantine fleet, who had mistaken him for a pirate. He was soon released and joined the", "id": "2807388" }, { "contents": "Richard of Salerno\n\n\nRichard of Salerno ( 1060 – 1114), who is not to be confused with his homonym cousin Richard of Hauteville, was a participant in the First Crusade and regent of the County of Edessa from 1104 to 1108. Richard was born around 1060, the third son of William of the Principate, a Norman count, and Mary, daughter of Guy, the Lombard duke of Sorrento. He was also one of the many nephews of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily and in his early life Richard participated with his two", "id": "2807387" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nof Bohemond of Taranto. In 1096, Tancred joined his maternal uncle Bohemund on the First Crusade, and the two made their way to Constantinople. There, he was pressured to swear an oath to Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus, promising to give back any conquered land to the Byzantine Empire. Although the other leaders did not intend to keep their oaths, Tancred refused to swear the oath altogether. He participated in the siege of Nicaea in 1097, but the city was taken by Alexius' army after secret negotiations with the", "id": "9887743" }, { "contents": "Roger of Salerno\n\n\nRoger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there", "id": "20673924" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nbecame regent of Antioch when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. He expanded the territory of the Latin principality by capturing land from the Byzantines, although, over the next decade, Alexius attempted, unsuccessfully, to bring him under Byzantine control. In 1104, he also took control of the County of Edessa when Baldwin II was taken captive after the Battle of Harran. After Baldwin's release in late 1108, he had to fight Tancred (probably early 1109) to regain control of the county", "id": "9887747" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\n; Tancred was eventually defeated and returned to Antioch. After Harran, Bohemond returned to Europe to recruit more Crusaders, again leaving his nephew as regent in Antioch. Tancred's victory over Radwan of Aleppo at the Battle of Artah in 1105 allowed the Latin principality to recover some its territories east of the Orontes River. In 1108, Tancred refused to honour the Treaty of Devol, in which Bohemund swore an oath of fealty to Alexius, and for decades afterwards Antioch remained independent of the Byzantine Empire. He ordered the construction of", "id": "9887748" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nby Jikirmish of Mosul, and finally by Jawali Saqawa. During his captivity, Tancred, the Crusader ruler of the Principality of Antioch, and Tancred's cousin, Richard of Salerno, governed Edessa as Baldwin's regents. Baldwin was ransomed by his cousin, Joscelin of Courtenay, Lord of Turbessel, in the summer of 1108. Tancred attempted to retain Edessa, but Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, persuaded him to restore the county to Baldwin. Baldwin allied with Jawali, but Tancred and his ally,", "id": "15660686" }, { "contents": "Emma of Hauteville\n\n\nEmma of Hauteville (fl. c. 1080–c. 1120) was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo. According to Ralph of Caen, she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons: Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade. Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land. Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno. Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo's second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a", "id": "927431" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nGabriel of Melitene (died 1102/3) was the ruler of Melitene (modern Malatya). Along with Thoros of Edessa, Gabriel was a former officer of Philaretos Brachamios. Philaretos had installed Gabriel as the ruler of Melitene. Following the death of Philaretos in 1086 Melitene became completely independent of Byzantine control with the aid of the Danishmends. Eventually the Danishmends began harassing Melitene. Gabriel appealed to Bohemund I of Antioch for assistance. In 1100 Bohemund came to Gabriel's aid along with his cousin Richard of Salerno and the Armenian Bishops of", "id": "20274342" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097. Bohemond also fought at Aleppo", "id": "16233354" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nwith Baldwin and Joscelin of the County of Edessa; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111. Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the County of Tripoli and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders,", "id": "16233355" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nJohn was not satisfied by this decision and started scheming against William. When Richard was raising funds for his crusade, he was said to declare, \"I would have sold London if I could find a buyer\". In September 1190 Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. After the death of King William II of Sicily his cousin Tancred had seized power and had been crowned early in 1190 as King Tancred of Sicily, although the legal heir was William's aunt Constance, wife of the new Emperor Henry VI. Tancred had", "id": "6722849" }, { "contents": "Richard of Hauteville\n\n\nRichard of Hauteville (c. 1045–1110) was a noble knight of Hauteville family, the conquerors of South Italy during the 11th century. Richard was born around 1045 to Drogo of Hauteville, a Norman adventurer and count, and Altrude of Salerno, a Lombard princess. He was a nephew of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. On his father's death in 1051, he was too young to succeed, and his uncle Humphrey was elected count instead. On Humphrey's death, his cousins, Abelard and Herman were overlooked", "id": "670012" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nOdo (or Eudes) the Good Marquis (\"fl.\" 11th century), sometimes called Odobonus, was an Norman or Lombard nobleman who ruled an unknown region of southern Italy. He married Emma, a daughter of Robert Guiscard, and they had at least three sons, Tancred and William, both famous crusaders, and Robert, as well as a daughter (name unknown) who married Richard of Salerno. Odo is known only in connection to his wife and sons. The only source to give Tancred's father", "id": "5376476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nBohemond II (1107/1108 – February 1130) was Prince of Taranto from 1111 to 1128 and Prince of Antioch from 1111/1119 to 1130. He was the son of Bohemond I, who in 1108 was forced to submit to the authority of the Byzantine Empire in the Treaty of Devol. Three years later, the infant Bohemond inherited the Principality of Taranto under the guardianship of his mother, Constance of France. The Principality of Antioch was administered by his father's nephew, Tancred, until 1111. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno", "id": "1872" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nBagnara. Richard was joined in Sicily by the French crusading army, led by King Philip II. The presence of two foreign armies soon caused unrest among the locals. In October the people of Messina revolted, demanding that the foreigners leave the island. Richard responded by attacking Messina, which he captured on 4 October 1190. After the city had been looted and burned, Richard established his base there and decided to stay the winter. Richard remained at Messina until March 1191, when Tancred finally agreed to a treaty. According", "id": "192658" }, { "contents": "Manuel Boutoumites\n\n\nforce under Monastras to garrison the province, and returned to Constantinople. In 1111/12, he was sent as an envoy to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem to secure aid against Tancred, Bohemund's regent at Antioch, who refused to comply with the Treaty of Devol of 1108, which turned Antioch into a Byzantine vassal state. From Cyprus, Boutoumites first sailed to Tripoli. According to the \"Alexiad\", the local count, Bertrand of Toulouse, readily assented to assist the imperial forces against Tancred, and even to come and", "id": "259933" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\n10March 1098. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. He defended Edessa against Kerbogha, the governor of Mosul, for three weeks, preventing him from reaching Antioch before the crusaders captured it. Godfrey of Bouillon, whom the crusaders had elected their first ruler in Jerusalem, died in 1100. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle,", "id": "14267841" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nMorphia, a daughter of Gabriel of Melitene, and Joscelin of Courtenay married a daughter of Constantine. Baldwin II quickly became involved in the affairs of northern Syria and Asia Minor. He helped secure the ransom of Bohemond I of Antioch from the Danishmends in 1103, and, with Antioch, attacked the Byzantine Empire in Cilicia in 1104. Later in 1104, Edessa was attacked by Mosul, and both Baldwin and Joscelin were taken prisoner after their defeat at the Battle of Harran. Bohemond's cousin Tancred became regent in Edessa (", "id": "16019785" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Molise\n\n\nRichard of Mandra (died ca. 1170) was a Norman nobleman in the Kingdom of Sicily appointed count of Molise and chancellor by the queen regent Margaret of Navarre. Richard was son of Hugues II, Count of Molise and Clemenza, an illegitimate daughter of Roger II of Sicily. In 1157, as the constable of Robert II of Bassunvilla, he was captured by King William I. He joined the conspiracy of Matthew Bonnellus in 1161, but when Simon of Taranto and Tancred of Lecce assaulted the palace and William was arrested,", "id": "22118832" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nthe Cave de Sueth after the Fortress of al-Al was destroyed in 1106. In 1110, he brought Krak des Chevaliers under his control, which would later become an important castle in the County of Tripoli. Tancred remained regent in Antioch in the name of Bohemund II until his death in 1112 during a typhoid epidemic. He had married Cecile of France, but died childless. The \"Gesta Tancredi\" is a biography of Tancred written in Latin by Ralph of Caen, a Norman who joined the First Crusade and served", "id": "9887749" }, { "contents": "Devoll (river)\n\n\nwith combined capacity 242 MW. The decision whether a third plant near Kokel is to be built, will be taken when the first two dams are completed. At an unspecified location in the valley of Devoll, Bohemund of Taranto and the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made an agreement in 1108, in the wake of the First Crusade. This treaty is named after the Byzantine fortress of Devol, modern Albania. Although the treaty was not immediately enforced, it was intended to make the Principality of Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine", "id": "3453812" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\n. In 1190 Richard I of England arrived in Sicily at the head of a large crusading army on its way to the Holy Land. Richard immediately demanded the release of his sister, William II's wife Joan, imprisoned by Tancred in 1189, along with every penny of her dowry and dower (in response of her vocal support of Germans). He also insisted that Tancred fulfil the financial commitments made by William II to the crusade. When Tancred balked at these demands, Richard seized a monastery and the castle of La", "id": "192657" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\npower in the city. However Tancred refused to honor the Treaty of Devol in which Bohemond swore an oath, and it is not until 1158 that it truly became a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire. Six months after the Treaty of Devol Bohemond died, and Tancred remained regent of Antioch until his death during a typhoid epidemic in 1112. After the death of Tancred, the principality passed to Roger of Salerno, who helped rebuild Antioch after an earthquake destroyed its foundations in 1114. With the defeat of Roger's crusading army", "id": "16325542" }, { "contents": "Tancred, Prince of Galilee\n\n\nTancred (1075 – December 5 or December 12, 1112) was an Italo-Norman leader of the First Crusade who later became Prince of Galilee and regent of the Principality of Antioch. Tancred had a great-grandfather with the same name, Tancred of Hauteville; since both Tancreds were from the house of Hauteville, they may be confused. Tancred was a son of Emma of Hauteville and Odo the Good Marquis. His maternal grandparents were Robert Guiscard and Guiscard's first wife Alberada of Buonalbergo. Emma was also a sister", "id": "9887742" }, { "contents": "Battle of Melitene\n\n\nalong with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101. This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene", "id": "9113706" }, { "contents": "Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse\n\n\nswear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I. Instead, Raymond swore an oath of friendship, and offered his support against Bohemond, mutual enemy of both Raymond and Alexius. He was present at the siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097, but his first major role came in October 1097 at the siege of Antioch. The crusaders heard a rumour that Antioch had been deserted by the Seljuk Turks, so Raymond sent his army ahead to occupy it, offending Bohemond of Taranto who wanted the city for himself", "id": "1740" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\nhe had taken an oath to fight), nor any other title with deep feudal obligations. Meanwhile, an unknown epidemic spread throughout the Crusader camp; Adhemar of Le Puy was one of the victims. Following Bohemond's capture in battle with the Danishmends in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of Tarsus and Latakia from the Byzantine Empire. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the Battle of Harran when Baldwin II of Edessa was captured", "id": "16233353" }, { "contents": "Château de Taillebourg\n\n\nafter their wedding, in July 1137. Richard the Lionheart destroyed this castle in 1179. Geoffrey de Rancon, master of the house, may have died in this action, but he is also listed as having participated in the Third Crusade in the Itinerarium Regis Ricardi and appears as a witness to Richard I's peace treaty with Tancred of Sicily in Messina on 6 Oct 1190. In 1173, Richard had fought against his father in alliance with his brothers and the King of France, Louis. This uprising had failed, and", "id": "2501263" }, { "contents": "Byzantine Greece\n\n\nand Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period. In 1147 while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth. In 1197 Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay", "id": "11213648" }, { "contents": "Roger I of Sicily\n\n\n1085 was Roger able to undertake a systematic conquest. In March 1086 Syracuse surrendered, and when in February 1091 Noto yielded, the conquest of Sicily was complete. Much of Robert's success had been due to Roger's support. Similarly, when the leadership of the Hautevilles passed to Roger, he supported his nephew Duke Roger against Bohemund I of Antioch, Lando IV of Capua, and other rebels. In return for his uncle's aid against Bohemund and the rebels, the duke Roger surrendered his share in the castles of", "id": "192635" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nthree weeks in May, but he could not capture it. His delay enabled the crusaders to capture Antioch on 3June 1098. Antioch became the capital of a new crusader state, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Hauteville, as its first prince. Baldwin levied high taxes, which made him unpopular among his native subjects. He also ignored the local noble's advice and granted property to his retainers and other crusaders who moved to Edessa. A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December. They approached the nearby Seljuq emirs", "id": "14267864" }, { "contents": "Jordan I of Capua\n\n\nJordan I () (after 1046 – 1091), count of Aversa and prince of Capua from 1078 to his death, was the eldest son and successor of Prince Richard I of Capua and Fressenda, a daughter of Tancred of Hauteville and his second wife, also named Fressenda, and the nephew of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily. He, according to William of Apulia, \"equalled in his virtues both the duke and his father.\" In 1071, Jordan briefly rebelled against his father", "id": "479558" }, { "contents": "Bohemond I of Antioch\n\n\n\"Geschichte das Königreichs Jerusalem\" (1898) may also be consulted for his history. The only major biography that exists in English is \"Tancred : a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine\" by Robert Lawrence Nicholson. Details of his pre-crusade career can found in Geoffrey Malaterra's \"Deeds of Count Roger...\". \"Count Bohemund\" by Alfred Duggan (1964) is an historical novel concerning the life of Bohemund", "id": "1861" }, { "contents": "Third Crusade\n\n\n. William II of Sicily had died the previous year, and was replaced by Tancred, who imprisoned Joan of England—William's wife and King Richard's sister. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and Joan was released. Richard and Philip fell out over the issue of Richard's marriage, as Richard had decided to marry Berengaria of Navarre, breaking off his long-standing betrothal to Philip's half-sister Alys. Philip left Sicily directly for the Middle East on 30 March 1191 and arrived in", "id": "15660447" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nBohemond and Tancred preferred the money and Baldwin remained imprisoned. Before his departure for Europe in the autumn, Bohemond appointed Tancred to rule Antioch and their kinsman, Richard of Salerno, was entrusted with the administration of Edessa. A Turkish soldier of fortune, Jawali Saqawa, captured Jikirmish and seized Mosul in 1107. Joscelin started negotiations with Jawali over the release of Baldwin. Jawali demanded 60,000 dinars and the release of the Muslim prisoners from Edessa. The Seljuq Sultan, Muhammad I Tapar, made the Mamluk Mawdud atabeg of Mosul.", "id": "15660703" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nto the Byzantine Empire any land they might capture. Robert, whose father had already served Alexius during his pilgrimage in the 1080s, had no problem swearing this oath, but some of the other leaders did and there was some delay in leaving the city. Robert then participated in the Siege of Nicaea, after which the army was split into two groups. Robert marched with Stephen of Blois, Bohemund of Taranto, Robert Curthose, and the Byzantine guides, one day ahead of the rest of the crusaders. This army was", "id": "4607971" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nRichard, count of Acerra (died 30 November 1196) was an Italo-Norman nobleman, grandson of Robert of Medania, a Frenchman of Anjou. Brother of Sibylla, queen of Tancred of Sicily, Richard was the chief peninsular supporter of his brother-in-law during his claim for the throne in 1189. Richard was the co-commander of the army attached to Tancred's fleet in 1185. They captured Durazzo from the Byzantine Empire without a struggle. The city had fully surrendered by June 24. Richard then", "id": "3235026" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\nbattle of Ramla in 1105, the Egyptians launched no further major campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Baldwin helped Bertrand, Count of Toulouse, to capture Tripoli in 1109. Being the only crowned monarch in the Latin East, Baldwin claimed suzerainty over other crusader rulers. Baldwin II of Edessa and Bertrand swore fealty to him. Tancred, who ruled the Principality of Antioch, also obeyed his summons. He supported Baldwin II and Tancred against Kerbogha's successor, Mawdud, who launched a series of campaigns against Edessa and Antioch in", "id": "14267843" }, { "contents": "Alexios I Komnenos\n\n\n, Ephesus, Sardis, and Philadelphia in 1097–1099. This success is ascribed by Alexios' daughter Anna to his policy and diplomacy, but by the Latin historians of the crusade to his treachery and deception. In 1099, a Byzantine fleet of ten ships was sent to assist the crusaders in capturing Laodicea and other coastal towns as far as Tripoli. The crusaders believed their oaths were made invalid when the Byzantine contingent under Tatikios failed to help them during the siege of Antioch; Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of", "id": "1524894" }, { "contents": "Eustace III, Count of Boulogne\n\n\nand his son Engelrand, Eustace I Granarius, lord of Sidon and Caesarea, Fulk of Guînes, and Hugh of Robecq (Rebecques), lord of Hebron. Throughout the crusade Eustace assisted Godfrey. Eustace was present at the Siege of Nicaea (May–June 1097), helped rescue Bohemund of Taranto's beleaguered troops at the Battle of Dorylaeum (July 1, 1097), defeated an enemy ambush during the Siege of Antioch and was one of the commanders during the capture of Antioch on June 3, 1098. Eustace", "id": "1925923" }, { "contents": "Antioch\n\n\noverland route through Mongol territory to the Black Sea, reducing the prosperity of Antioch. In 1100, Tancred became the regent of Antioch after his uncle and predecessor Bohemond I of Antioch was taken prisoner for three years (1100–03) by Gazi Gümüshtigin of the Danishmends at the Battle of Melitene. Tancred expanded the territory of Antioch by conquering Byzantine Cilicia, Tarsus, and Adana in 1101 and founding the principality, Byzantine Latakia, in 1103. In 1107 Bohemond enraged by an earlier defeat when he, allianced with Edessa, attacked Aleppo", "id": "16325539" }, { "contents": "Tancred, King of Sicily\n\n\nto the treaty's main terms: After signing the treaty Richard and Philip finally left Sicily for the Holy Land. It is rumoured that before he left, Richard gave Tancred a sword he claimed was Excalibur in order to secure their friendship. Having at last rid himself of the crusaders, Tancred next confronted the threat from the north. In April 1191 in Rome, Henry and Constance were crowned emperor and empress by Pope Celestine III, and now the pair turned south to claim the Kingdom of Sicily. Constance accompanied her husband", "id": "192659" }, { "contents": "Arthur I, Duke of Brittany\n\n\nplace. While Richard was away on the Third Crusade, Arthur's mother Constance sought to make the Duchy of Brittany more independent. On 11 November 1190, Arthur was named as Richard's heir and was betrothed to a daughter of Tancred of Sicily as part of their treaty. However, Emperor Henry VI conquered the Kingdom of Sicily in 1194, so the betrothal of Arthur came to nothing. A marriage plan, originally aiming to establish an alliance between King Richard and King Philip II of France to marry Arthur's elder sister", "id": "13470898" }, { "contents": "Sibylla of Acerra\n\n\nSibylla di Aquino, of Acerra (1153–1205) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Tancred. She was regent in 1194 for their son, King William III. She was the sister of Count Richard of Acerra. Tancred was always in a struggle with his aunt Empress Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI who had been claiming the Kingdom of Sicily since Tancred's accession. In 1191 Henry attempted to invade Sicily but failed and retreated, while Constance was left behind and captured. Tancred initially placed Constance at Palermo under", "id": "22119002" }, { "contents": "Odo the Good Marquis\n\n\nsources pertinent to the identity of Tancred's father, since they mention his relation to Bohemond through the latter's sister Emma. Albert of Aix, a contemporary, confirms that Tancred was a son of Bohemond's sister, but does not mention either his father or brother. He does, however, mention that Roger of Salerno was a \"son of Tancred's sister\", who must therefore have been the wife of Richard of Salerno. Marino Sanuto the Elder records that Tancred was Bohemond's \"nephew by his sister\"", "id": "5376484" }, { "contents": "Treaty of Devol\n\n\nPatriarch, John the Oxite, who fled to Constantinople. Soon after, Bohemond was captured by the Danishmends of Syria and was imprisoned for three years, during which the Antiochenes chose his nephew Tancred as regent. After Bohemond was released, he was defeated by the Seljuks at the Battle of Harran in 1104; this defeat led to renewed pressure on Antioch from both the Seljuks and the Byzantines. Bohemond left Tancred in control of Antioch and returned in the West, touring Italy and France for reinforcements. He won the backing of", "id": "17136" }, { "contents": "Maria of Antioch\n\n\nson, Maria's brother Bohemund III. King Baldwin III of Jerusalem set Bohemund III up as prince and appointed as regent the rich and worldly Aimery of Limoges, Latin Patriarch of Antioch and an old opponent of Raynald. Constance protested this decision in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos, the nominal overlord of Antioch. At the end of 1159, Manuel's wife Empress Eirene (originally named Bertha of Sulzbach) had died, and Manuel wanted to marry a princess from one of the Crusader states.", "id": "21853267" }, { "contents": "History of the Byzantine Empire\n\n\n. Bohemund, who had set himself up as Prince of Antioch, briefly went to war with the Byzantines, but he agreed to become Alexios' vassal under the Treaty of Devol in 1108, which marked the end of the Norman threat during Alexios' reign. Alexios' son John II Komnenos succeeded him in 1118, and was to rule until 1143. John was a pious and dedicated emperor who was determined to undo the damage his empire had suffered at the battle of Manzikert, half a century earlier. Famed for his", "id": "1858863" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nof Taranto in 1128. Bohemond died fighting against Danishmend Emir Gazi Gümüshtigin during a military campaign against Cilician Armenia, and Gümüshtigin sent Bohemond's embalmed head to the Abbasid Caliph. Bohemond II was the son of Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch, and Constance of France. He was born in 1107 or 1108. In 1104, Bohemond I returned to Europe to seek military assistance against the Byzantine Empire and left his nephew Tancred in Syria to administer Antioch. Two charters show that Tancred styled himself \"prince of Antioch\"", "id": "1874" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nHe invaded the region of Monte Cassino, but at that time the German marshal Henry Testa invaded Apulia and joined with Roger of Andria. Richard fortified Ariano against them. They had much success until the German troops left. Richard then invited Roger to a meeting and treacherously imprisoned him and had him executed soon after. Richard finally turned to Capua at that junction and the city fearfully surrendered without a siege. Later, when the Emperor Henry VI, the only remaining claimant against Tancred, invaded the Terra di Lavoro, Richard took", "id": "3235028" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nthe killing of Albert of Louvain. At this stage, Henry had a stroke of good fortune when the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria gave him his prominent prisoner, Richard the Lionheart, King of England, whom he had captured on his way back from the Third Crusade and arrested at Dürnstein Castle. On 28 March 1193, Richard was handed over to the emperor in Speyer and imprisoned at Trifels Castle, taking revenge for Richard's alliance with Tancred of Lecce. Ignoring his nearly excommunication by Pope Celestine III for imprisoning a", "id": "13407625" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nwrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold. On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily.", "id": "6722873" }, { "contents": "Maud of Apulia\n\n\nMaud was the first daughter of Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, (ca.1020 - 1085) with his second wife Sikelgaita. Her brother was Roger Borsa, the effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. Her first cousins were Simon of Sicily and Roger II (sons of Roger) who led the effort to consolidate southern Italy and Sicily under Norman (D’Hauteville) rule, which was accomplished in 1130. She was also a half sister of Bohemund of Taranto, who was one of the leaders of", "id": "5304245" }, { "contents": "William I of Sicily\n\n\na weak power on the throne, they had been eyeing the king's eldest son, Roger IV, Duke of Apulia, as a possible replacement for his father. After the assassination of Maio, the royal palace was stormed by two of the king's own relatives: his illegitimate half-brother Simon, whom he had dispossessed of Taranto early in his reign and his bastard nephew Tancred, the count of Lecce. The king was captured along with his whole family, his life being barely spared by one Richard of Mandra", "id": "192725" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nenfeoffment. The next year, the king followed his army across the Alps. In Lodi he negotiated with Eleanor of Aquitaine, widow of King Henry II of England, to break the engagement of her son King Richard with Alys, a daughter of late King Louis VII of France. He hoped to deteriorate English-French relations and to isolate Richard, who had offended him by backing Count Tancred in Sicily. Eleanor acted cleverly; she reached Henry's assurance that he would not interfere in her son's conflict with King Philip", "id": "13407616" }, { "contents": "Walter de Coutances\n\n\nThird Crusade. In October 1190, Coutances was one of the negotiators between the city of Messina and the crusaders, and later was a guarantor of the peace treaty between King Richard and Tancred, the King of Sicily. The archbishop was also appointed one of the treasurers of the crusading army. While Richard was still in Sicily, word reached the king of the disputes between William Longchamp, whom Richard had left in England, and John, Richard's younger brother. On 2 April 1191 Richard sent Coutances back from Sicily to", "id": "8546261" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nto Roger of Salerno, who had succeeded Tancred in Antioch in late 1112; and Joscelin married Roger's sister, Maria. While Baldwin was away from his capital to take possession of Turbessel, the Armenians of Edessa continued to plot against him. He returned to the town and ordered the transportation of the Armenian townspeople to Samosata. After the Armenians started to move to Kaisun, Baldwin allowed those who remained in Samosata to return to Edessa in early 1114. Mawdud's successor, Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi, invaded the county in", "id": "15660715" }, { "contents": "Byzantine–Seljuq wars\n\n\na huge army of 75,000 troops sent to relieve Antioch; his unsuccessful siege of Edessa (a city that had recently fallen to the Crusaders) allowed the Crusaders time to capture Antioch on 3 June 1098, a day before Kerbogah's arrival. Despite this, Kerbogah's troops were able to breach the citadel where vicious and desperate fighting allowed the Crusaders to repulse his offensive. At this point, one of the Crusaders present, Stephen of Blois deserted and reaching Alexius Comnenus warned him that the Crusaders were destroyed and the Byzantine Emperor", "id": "19349806" }, { "contents": "Baldwin I of Jerusalem\n\n\ncontinued his campaign. Tancred had meanwhile seized the prosperous town of Mamistra. Baldwin reached the town on around 30September. Tancred's cousin, Roger of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. This was the first occasion when crusaders fought against each other. After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. He joined the main army", "id": "14267855" }, { "contents": "Jonathan of Gaeta\n\n\nCount Bartholomew of Carinola. He was under the regency of his cousin or uncle, Count Richard of Carinola. After the death of Duke Andrew of Gaeta without heirs in 1113, the duchy escheated to Prince Robert I of Capua, who bestowed it on Jonathan and appointed Richard his regent. As a sign of Gaeta's semi-independence, between March 1113 and July 1114 he and Richard issued charters dated to the joint-reign (1092–1118) of the Byzantine emperors Alexios I and John II. The succession of Jonathan was", "id": "17486792" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nnext to Antakya, sent only a small number of troops. According to David Nicolle mistrust between Yağısiyan and Ridwan influenced the First Crusade. Over the winter of 1097-1098, Antioch was besieged by the Crusaders, and Yağısiyan sought help from Duqaq. He frequently sent out sorties against the Christian camp and attacked foraging parties further afield. Yağısiyan knew from his informants that there were dissensions among the Christians; both Raymond IV of Toulouse and Bohemund of Taranto wanted the city for themselves. While Bohemund was away foraging on December 29", "id": "10645586" }, { "contents": "Kilij Arslan I\n\n\nsubsequent force a week later. In 1104 he resumed once more his war with the Danishmends who were now weakened after the death of Malik Ghazi, demanding half the ransom gained for Bohemund. As a result, Bohemund allied with the Danishmends against Rüm and the Byzantines. After the crusades he moved towards the east taking Harran, and Diyarbakr. In 1107 he conquered Mosul, but he was defeated by Mehmed I of Great Seljuq supported by the Ortoqids and Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan of Aleppo at the battle of Khabur river.", "id": "5671619" }, { "contents": "Naples\n\n\nHoly Roman Emperor and many cities surrendered, but Naples resisted him from May to August under the leadership of Richard, Count of Acerra, Nicholas of Ajello, Aligerno Cottone and Margaritus of Brindisi before the Germans suffered from disease and were forced to retreat. Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia and Philip I, Archbishop of Cologne died of disease during the siege. In light of this Tancred achieved another unexpected achievement that his contender Constance, now empress, was captured at Salerno while those cities surrendered to Germans resubmitted to Tancred. Tancred", "id": "11133476" }, { "contents": "Bohemond II of Antioch\n\n\nin 1108. In September of that year, Bohemond I was forced to sign the Treaty of Devol, which authorized the Byzantine Empire to annex the Principality of Antioch upon his death. Bohemond I died in Apulia in 1111. Bohemond II was still a minor, so his mother took charge of the government of Taranto. The Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent envoys to Tancred to demand control of Antioch, but Tancred refused to obey and continued to govern the principality. Tancred died in 1112 and bequeathed Antioch to his sister's", "id": "1875" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nperhaps to distract the crusaders from Harran, perhaps to take the city while the crusaders were elsewhere engaged. According to Ibn al-Qalanisi, Tancred and Bohemund arrived at Edessa during the siege, but according to \"Chronicle of 1234\" they arrived first at the gates of Harran. In any case, the Seljuks rode away from the crusaders, feigning a retreat and the crusaders followed. The Seljuks feigned retreat in the preliminary skirmishes while the Crusaders continued their pursuit south. The contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa reports a pursuit of", "id": "17228" }, { "contents": "John the Oxite\n\n\nhaving been weakened by so long a confinement. He was released and re-established as Patriarch when the crusaders captured the city in 1098. At first, he was not denied of his office, but soon the climate changed. The crusaders decided to established a Latin bishop in Albara (where there was no Greek bishop established) Peter of Narbonne. Since Peter was consecrated by patriarch John, both prelates coexisted for a while, until John became politically inconvenient for the ruling prince Bohemund I of Antioch. Bohemund accused him of", "id": "18063157" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\n' grandfather, Raymond IV, was the first prominent nobleman to join the First Crusade in 1095. His attempts to secure the supreme command of the military campaign failed, neither could he keep the fortresses that he conquered from the local Muslim rulers in northern Syria in 1098. Northern Syria developed into a crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, under the rule of Raymond's rivals, the Norman Bohemond and Tancred. Unlike Bohemond and Tancred, Raymond accepted the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos's suzerainty and acted as the Emperor's", "id": "9302295" }, { "contents": "Durrës\n\n\nthe ancient city. In the 1070s, two of its governors, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder and Nikephoros Basilakes, led unsuccessful rebellions trying to seize the Byzantine throne. Dyrrachium was lost in February 1082 when Alexios I Komnenos was defeated by the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemund in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. Byzantine control was restored a few years later, but the Normans under Bohemund returned to besiege it in 1107–08, and sacked it again in 1185 under King William II of Sicily. In 1205, after the Fourth Crusade", "id": "18629085" }, { "contents": "Richard I of England\n\n\nthere, but this created tension between Richard and Philip Augustus. He remained there until Tancred finally agreed to sign a treaty on 4 March 1191. The treaty was signed by Richard, Philip, and Tancred. Its main terms were: The two kings stayed on in Sicily for a while, but this resulted in increasing tensions between them and their men, with Philip Augustus plotting with Tancred against Richard. The two kings finally met to clear the air and reached an agreement, including the end of Richard's betrothal to Philip", "id": "6722851" }, { "contents": "Pons, Count of Tripoli\n\n\nPons ( 1098 – 25 March 1137) was count of Tripoli from 1112 to 1137. He was a minor when his father, Bertrand, died in 1112. He swore fealty to the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos in the presence of a Byzantine embassy. His advisors sent him to Antioch to be educated in the court of Tancred of Antioch, ending the hostilities between the two crusader states. Tancred granted four important fortresses to Pons in the Principality of Antioch. Since Pons held his inherited lands in fief of the kings of", "id": "9302290" }, { "contents": "Latakia\n\n\n-Muqaddasi (d. 991), mentions al-Lādhiqīyah as belonging to the district of Hims (Homs). After failed efforts by Bohemond I of Antioch to capture Latakia from the Byzantine Empire the city was taken in 1103 by forces under the command of Tancred of Hauteville, a veteran of the First Crusade and acting regent of the Principality of Antioch. Following the defeat of Antiochene forces at the Battle of Harran in 1104 the city was reoccupied by the Byzantines however they would again lose the city. Despite a treaty in", "id": "19044128" }, { "contents": "County of Monte Sant'Angelo\n\n\nof Guaimar IV of Salerno and Drogo of Hauteville, the two most powerful south Italian lords of the day. Robert was succeeded by his sons, Richard, Henry, and William, in succession. Henry renounced the suzerainty of the Duke of Apulia, Roger Borsa, and began to chart an independent course, giving his allegiance to the Byzantine Empire and dating his charters by the reign of Alexius I Comnenus. His county was the most powerful Norman state after the Principality of Capua and the Duchy of Apulia and the last foothold", "id": "16069598" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\nnegotiations, but could not reach a compromise. Baldwin made an alliance with Kogh Vasil against Tancred. Oshin of Lampron also sent troops300 Pecheneg horsemento join them. Their raids against the Principality of Antioch persuaded Tancred to accept the arbitration of the Catholic prelates, who decided in favor of Baldwin; he returned to Edessa on 18September 1108. In accordance with his treaty with Jawali, Baldwin released most of the Muslim prisoners held in Edessa. He also allowed the Muslim burghers of Saruj to build a mosque, and executed the unpopular \"", "id": "15660705" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\n. He was released and returned to England. At the same time, Henry settled the longstanding conflict with the Welf dynasty when he married Agnes of Hohenstaufen, daughter of his cousin Count Palatine Conrad, to Henry the Lion's son Henry of Brunswick, followed by a peace agreement in March 1194. Meanwhile, the situation in Southern Italy had grown worse: After Henry's defeat at Naples, Tancred's brother-in-law Count Richard of Acerra had reconquered large parts of Apulia, and Tancred himself had reached the allowance", "id": "13407628" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\naround 1086. From 1085 to 1091 he was regent of the county while his father was away on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. After becoming count in 1093, Robert joined the First Crusade, launched by Pope Urban II in 1095. He made his wife Clementia of Burgundy regent in Flanders, and formed an army that followed the retinue of his kinsman Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine. After reaching Constantinople, the crusaders were obliged to swear an oath of fealty to Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus and promise to return", "id": "4607970" }, { "contents": "Yağısıyan\n\n\nand rode away without him. He was found by an Armenian who cut off his head and sent it as a gift to Bohemund. Antakya surrendered on 30 June. Antioch was claimed by both Bohemund and Raymond, with Raymond stationed in Yağısiyan's residence and Bohemund in the citadel. Their quarrel delayed the crusade for many months. However, Bohemund finally won out the argument, and thus declared the creation of the Principality of Antioch, which went on to exist for another 170 years. The crusaders recorded Yağısiyan's name in", "id": "10645590" }, { "contents": "Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor\n\n\nHouse of Welf until 1194, had to enforce the inheritance claims by his wife against her nephew Count Tancred of Lecce. Henry's attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily failed at the siege of Naples in 1191 due to an epidemic. Based on an enormous ransom for the release of King Richard I of England, he conquered Sicily in 1194; however, the intended unification with the Holy Roman Empire ultimately failed due to the opposition of the Papacy. Henry threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire after 1194 and succeeded in extracting a", "id": "13407606" }, { "contents": "England in the High Middle Ages\n\n\ninto conflict with Tancred I over the rights of Richard's sister Queen Joan, widow of the former king William II of Sicily. Richard captured the city of Messina on 4 October 1190 and using it to force Tancred into a peace agreement. When his sister and his fiancée Berengaria along with several other ships, including the treasure ship were seized by the island's despot Isaac Komnenos, Richard conquered the island, which became a western feudal and Christian base in the Mediterranean. Opinions of Richard amongst his contemporaries were mixed. He", "id": "12773778" }, { "contents": "County of Edessa\n\n\nalthough Richard of Salerno actually governed the territory), until Baldwin and Joscelin were ransomed in 1108. Baldwin had to fight to regain control of the city; Tancred was eventually defeated, though Baldwin had to ally with some of the local Muslim rulers. In 1110, all lands east of the Euphrates were lost to Mawdud of Mosul. This was not followed by an assault on Edessa itself as the Muslim rulers were more concerned with consolidating their own power. Baldwin II became King of Jerusalem (also as Baldwin II) when", "id": "16019786" }, { "contents": "Gabriel of Melitene\n\n\nMarash and Antioch, but they were both captured and the Bishops slain by Malik Ghazi Gumushtekin, the Danishmend Emir of Sebastea, in the Battle of Melitene. Malik was now constantly raiding Gabriel's territories. Fearing an imminent attack on the city itself, Gabriel asked for help from Baldwin of Boulogne who had recently become King of Jerusalem, despite concerns that Baldwin might take over Melitene, as he did Edessa. Baldwin relieved the siege of Melitene and rescued Bohemund after which Gabriel recognized him as overlord of the city. Some sources", "id": "20274343" }, { "contents": "Gisulf II of Salerno\n\n\nI of Aversa and, only by alliance with the despised Almafitans, could he retain his throne. The predations of William, Count of the Principate, a brother of Guiscard, forced him to marry his sister Sichelgaita to Guiscard in return for protection, and eventually his sister Gaitelgrima to Jordan, the son of Richard, recently prince of Capua. In 1071, he and Richard of Capua threw their support behind a rebellion of Abelard of Hauteville and Herman of Hauteville, nephews of Robert Guiscard, and several other minor lords against", "id": "730439" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nStates. In 1066 Richard marched on Rome, but was easily repelled. Jordan's tenure as Richard's successor marked an alliance with the papacy (which Richard had attempted), and the conquests of Capua ceased. When Jordan died in 1090, his young son Richard II and his regents were unable to hold Capua. They were forced to flee the city by a Lombard, Lando, who ruled it with popular support until he was forced out by the combined Hauteville forces in the siege of Capua in 1098; this ended", "id": "15063655" }, { "contents": "William III of Sicily\n\n\nWilliam III (c. 1186 c. 1198), a scion of the Hauteville dynasty, was the last Norman King of Sicily, who reigned briefly for ten months in 1194. He was overthrown by his great-aunt Constance and her husband Emperor Henry VI. He was the second son of Count Tancred of Lecce and his wife Sibylla of Acerra. When in 1189 King William II of Sicily died childless, Tancred, an illegitimate son of the Norman duke Roger III of Apulia gained the support of Pope Clement III to be crowned", "id": "1934303" }, { "contents": "Richard, Count of Acerra\n\n\nConstance, who had been entrusted to them by Henry, to Tancred. By then, Tancred's victory was secure. (Tancred was forced to release Constance in 1192.) When Tancred died in 1194, Henry quickly marched down the peninsula and had himself crowned in Palermo. Richard \"abandoned Campania and Burgentia, the fortresses which he was [still] holding,\" and tried to flee. He was betrayed (fittingly) by a monk and turned over to the Diepold von Schweinspeunt, who threw him in prison.", "id": "3235030" }, { "contents": "Dagobert of Pisa\n\n\nJerusalem to him. Godfrey partly yielded, and at a ceremony on Easter Day, 1 April 1100, he announced that he would retain possession until his death, or until he conquered two great cities from the infidel, but he bequeathed Jerusalem to the Patriarch. However, Godfrey died in July, when Dagobert was accompanying a campaign against Jaffa under Bohemund's nephew, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, and the Jerusalem knights offered the lordship to Baldwin, who was Godfrey's brother. With the support of Tancred, Dagobert wrote", "id": "3079530" }, { "contents": "Odo Arpin of Bourges\n\n\nfor sixty thousand shillings. This may or may not have been done to finance his crusade. He participated in the Crusade of 1101, probably with Stephen of Blois, and travelled through Constantinople, where he swore a loyalty oath to Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Odo was in Jaffa in 1101, Jerusalem in 1102, and fought in the Second Battle of Ramla, where he was captured. He was not executed because of his connection to Emperor Alexius, but was instead imprisoned in Ascalon and later Cairo. Alexius arranged for", "id": "1968069" }, { "contents": "Abelard of Hauteville\n\n\nagain, and with the support of Jordan, Prince of Capua, Richard's son. He also married a daughter of the Bariot leader Argyritzos. A separate peace was made with Jordan and the rebellion, which was originally very well-organised, fell apart in 1079. Abelard was exiled in 1080. He travelled to Constantinople with his brother, where he was welcomed cordially by the Emperor Alexius I Comnenus. He died, perhaps assassinated, probably in Illyria, in 1081, around April. He was buried in Greece and", "id": "13041741" }, { "contents": "Roger of Andria\n\n\nenvoys assented to the Treaty of Venice. Roger initially resisted the claims of Tancred of Lecce in favour of those of Constance, daughter of Roger II, and wife of Henry VI, son of Barbarossa, though he was a candidate himself. He had most of the barons of the peninsula on side, but Tancred's chancellor, Matthew of Ajello, was spreading sordid tales of his private life and the count's support eroded fast. Roger joined with Count Richard of Carinola and Henry Testa, the marshal of Henry VI,", "id": "16151973" }, { "contents": "Principality of Antioch\n\n\n1964. While Baldwin of Boulogne and Tancred headed east from Asia Minor to set up the County of Edessa, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to besiege Antioch. Bohemond of Taranto commanded the siege which commenced in October 1097. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter causing much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their own horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of their fellow Christians who had not survived", "id": "16233349" }, { "contents": "Normans\n\n\nto the Franks of the Carolingian dynasty from the days of Charlemagne in the 9th century. Most Norman knights remained poor and land-hungry, and by the time of the expedition and invasion of England in 1066, Normandy had been exporting fighting horsemen for more than a generation. Many Normans of Italy, France and England eventually served as avid Crusaders soldiers under the Italo-Norman prince Bohemund I of Antioch and the Anglo-Norman king Richard the Lion-Heart, one of the more famous and illustrious Kings of England.", "id": "11669226" }, { "contents": "Baldwin II of Jerusalem\n\n\narmy was shipped to Asia Minor in February. Baldwin of Boulogne and the Norman Tancred broke away from the main army to invade Cilicia around 15September 1097. Baldwin accompanied them in Boulogne's contingent. He also participated in Boulogne's military campaigns against the Seljuq rulers of the fortresses on the plains near the River Euphrates. After seizing Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa, Boulogne established the first crusader state, the County of Edessa, in early 1098. Baldwin rejoined the main crusader army, which was marching towards Jerusalem, near Tyre in", "id": "15660694" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nheld citadel finally surrendered to the crusaders. Robert, along with Bohemund, Raymond, and Godfrey, occupied the citadel, but Bohemund soon claimed the city for himself. Raymond also claimed it, but Robert supported Bohemund in this dispute. The dispute delayed the crusade even further. Raymond left Antioch to attack Ma'arrat al-Numan, which was captured; Robert took part in this siege as well. Raymond then tried to bribe Robert and the other leaders to follow him instead of Bohemund; Robert was offered six thousand \"sous", "id": "4607974" }, { "contents": "Robert II, Count of Flanders\n\n\nsurrounded by the Seljuk sultan Kilij Arslan I at the Battle of Dorylaeum on 30 June 1097. The next day, the second army, led by Raymond IV of Toulouse, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Hugh of Vermandois, arrived and broke the encirclement; the two armies joined together, with Robert and Raymond forming the centre. The Turks were defeated and the crusaders continued their march. At the end of 1097 the crusaders arrived at Antioch. The Siege of Antioch lasted many months; in December, Robert and Bohemund briefly left", "id": "4607972" }, { "contents": "Norman conquest of southern Italy\n\n\nof Salerno itself. Although he tried to extend his influence peacefully by betrothing his daughter to the oldest son of Atenulf of Gaeta, when the boy died before the marriage he still demanded the Lombard dower from the boy's parents. When the duke refused, Richard seized Aquino (one of Gaeta's few remaining fiefs) in 1058. However, the chronology of his conquest of Gaeta is confusing. Documents from 1058 and 1060 refer to Jordan (Richard's oldest son) as Duke of Gaeta, but these have been disputed", "id": "15063652" }, { "contents": "Richard II of Gaeta\n\n\nRichard II (died 1111), called Richard of Aquila (\"Riccardo dell'Aquila\"), was the consul and duke of Gaeta, ruling from 1104 or 1105 to his death. The younger son of Richer, the Norman lord of L'Aigle, and nephew of Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, he conquered the duchy from his predecessor, William Blosseville, whom he exiled. He subsequently minted his own coinage as an independent prince. He was also count of Suessa. He lent troops to Pope Paschal II in 1108 to", "id": "9168263" }, { "contents": "Christianity in the 12th century\n\n\nRichard's way home, his ship was wrecked, and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy Duke Leopold captured him. The duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the king for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, but he died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimes referred to as the Kings' Crusade. The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were crusades undertaken by the", "id": "1528741" }, { "contents": "Battle of Harran\n\n\nsevere consequences to the Principality of Antioch. The Byzantine Empire took advantage of the defeat to impose their claims on Antioch, and recaptured Latakia and parts of Cilicia. Many of the towns ruled by Antioch revolted and were re-occupied by Muslim forces from Aleppo. Armenian territories also revolted in favour of the Byzantines or Armenia. Furthermore, these events caused Bohemund to return to Italy to recruit more troops, leaving Tancred as regent of Antioch. William of Tyre wrote that there was no battle more disastrous than this. Although Antioch", "id": "17231" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Central Lakes State Trail is a paved recreational rail trail in central Minnesota, USA, running along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail is marked with mileposts every mile, corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad line. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The trail begins in Osakis at the western end of the Lake Wobegon Trail and runs parallel to Interstate 94 before ending in Fergus Falls. This trail passes through the towns of Nelson, Alexandria, Garfield, Brandon,", "id": "8504440" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The main trail is a trail along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line, beginning near milepost 81 in St. Joseph and ending near milepost 130 in Osakis. This trail runs parallel to I-94. The trail", "id": "7951626" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\npasses through the cities of Avon, Albany, Freeport, Melrose, Sauk Centre, and West Union. Beyond Osakis, the trail continues as the Central Lakes Trail. These two trails form a continuous trail from St. Joseph to Fergus Falls. The extension trail intersects near milepost 97 of the main trail in Albany. The extension trail is a trail along a former Soo Line Railroad line, beginning near milepost 131 in Albany passing through Albany, Krain and Holding Townships and ending northeast of Holdingford at approx. milepost 143.5, passing", "id": "7951627" }, { "contents": "Heartland State Trail\n\n\nThe Heartland State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, USA. It runs between Park Rapids and Cass Lake, intersecting with the Paul Bunyan State Trail around Walker. The entire route is paved, with a parallel grass trackway along the southern half for horseback riding and mountain biking. The northern half of the trail has some parallel trackway for snowmobiles. A segment north of Walker traverses very hilly terrain to appeal to snowmobilers; other users can follow a marked alternate route on paved road shoulders", "id": "18296395" }, { "contents": "Glacial Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Glacial Lakes State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in south-central Minnesota, USA. Developed from a former Burlington Northern Railroad grade, it traverses a landscape of lakes and gently rolling hills formed 10,000 years ago during the last glacial period. The trail currently extends from outside Willmar through the communities of Spicer, New London, and Hawick to the North Fork Crow River. Beyond that the undeveloped railbed is open for some recreational uses for another through the city of Richmond, but some of the original railroad", "id": "17680490" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run\n\n\nFour Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved non-motorized transport and recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail. In Arlington, the stream passes from the Piedmont through the Fall Line to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in a deep forested valley. The stream's eastern section", "id": "19376418" }, { "contents": "Agassiz Recreational Trail\n\n\nAgassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, USA, between Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the naturally surfaced trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The Agassiz Recreational Trail was converted from an abandoned rail bed running parallel to state highways 32 and 102. It passes through the following towns (in", "id": "14209427" }, { "contents": "Erie Lackawanna Trail\n\n\nErie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail in located in Lake County, Indiana which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of . The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in", "id": "21971553" }, { "contents": "Paul Bunyan State Trail\n\n\nThe Paul Bunyan State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, United States, running between the cities of Brainerd and Bemidji. Named after the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan of American folklore, the trail is the longest continuously paved trail in the United States. The route was part of the Burlington Northern Railroad lines abandoned in 1983. The trail currently covers a distance of . The southern extension, completed in 2012, moved the southern terminus to Crow Wing State Park. The route through Bemidji currently", "id": "15010231" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon is a 26.2 mile foot race from Holdingford, Minnesota, to St. Joseph, Minnesota, on a paved trail called the Lake Wobegon Trail. The course is USATF-certified, making it a qualifying race for the Boston Marathon. The race is sponsored and organized by the St. Cloud River Runners, a running group active since 1983 with about 150 members. The flat, straight course is run on a blacktop trail converted from freight rail lines. After starting at the high school in Holdingford, the", "id": "8840283" }, { "contents": "Yelm–Tenino Trail\n\n\nThe Yelm–Tenino Trail is a rail trail located in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The long cycling and walking trail has been constructed along the route of a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail runs parallel to State Route 507 and intersects with the Chehalis Western Trail. Trailheads are located at the trail termini in the towns of Yelm and Tenino as well as in the town of Rainier. The trail is used by bicyclists participating in the annual Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic as they ride from Yelm to Tenino", "id": "3903345" }, { "contents": "Northern Rail Trail (New Hampshire)\n\n\nThe Northern Recreational Rail Trail, also known as the Northern Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail trail in western New Hampshire, USA, running from Lebanon to Boscawen. It uses the right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad's former Northern Line, which was acquired by the State of New Hampshire in 1996. The trail is managed by the New Hampshire Bureau of Trails. The Northern Railroad built this line from Concord to White River Junction, Vermont, in 1847. The Boston-based investors", "id": "10109519" }, { "contents": "Little Valley, New York\n\n\nand Ellicottville. County Routes 5 and 14 start in the northwest corner of the town and head toward New Albion and East Otto, respectively. The Pat McGee Trail, a hiking and snowmobile rail trail that follows the path of the now-removed railroad, runs through the town parallel to Route 353. The Conservation Trail, a subset of the Finger Lakes Trail (itself a subset of the North Country Trail), passes through the town connecting the state forests therein; the two trails share a roughly one-mile wrong", "id": "16894285" }, { "contents": "Taconite State Trail\n\n\nThe Taconite State Trail extends 165 miles from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota and intersects the Arrowhead State Trail west of Lake Vermilion. On the Grand Rapids end, the trail is paved for the first 6 miles for in-line skating and biking. The rest of the trail is natural surface used primarily in the winter months for snowmobiling. In the summer, several areas contain standing water, but some areas are suitable for horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking Taconite State Trail is a scenic experience twisting through", "id": "11590151" }, { "contents": "Ashuwillticook Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Ashuwillticook Rail Trail is a former railroad corridor converted into a paved, universally accessible, scenic rail trail path. The Ashuwillticook (ash-oo-will-ti-cook) Rail Trail runs parallel to Route 8 through the towns of Cheshire, Lanesborough and Adams, Massachusetts and is used for biking, walking, roller-blading, and jogging. The trail is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Its first two phases opened in 2001 and 2004, with a 1.2-mile northerly extension opening", "id": "6836871" }, { "contents": "Onondaga Lake Park\n\n\nuses (strollers, children's bicycles with training wheels, tricycles and wheel chair users) are also permitted on this trail which is not plowed in the winter. The West Shore Trail is long from where it connects to the East Shore Recreation Trail at its most western end to its most eastern end off Exit 7 of Interstate 690. Located along the western shore of Onondaga Lake, this paved trail meanders through over 4.5 miles (ca. 7 km) of woodlands and open areas. It is used by bicyclists, walkers", "id": "8426451" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nMinnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve.", "id": "19412293" }, { "contents": "Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail (TCB), the official name of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR) Trail, is a rail trail that runs along an abandoned railroad corridor where the Northern Central Railway once operated. The trail extends 20 miles from Ashland Road in Cockeysville, Maryland to the boundary with Pennsylvania. At the Pennsylvania line, the Torrey C. Brown Trail becomes the York County Heritage Rail Trail (part of BicyclePA Route J) and continues to the city of York. The trail is wide with a stone dust", "id": "1111662" }, { "contents": "Central Massachusetts Railroad\n\n\ntowns along the former Wheelwright Branch exhibited similar enthusiasm for recreational trails along the property. In March 1985 with support from the local governments and regional planning agency the state purchased 10 miles of the line between the west end of the Connecticut River Bridge in Northampton and Amherst with the intent to convert it into a rail trail. Work began in 1992 and on July 29, 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management officially opened the Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail. By 1997 the trail extended as far as Belchertown where progress halted due to a", "id": "17724305" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nHeading east, all distances on the trail are measured from the Killarney Station which is the Mile zero marker. There is a mile marker every to mark your location at the trail, useful during emergencies. The trail runs east towards downtown Oakland over the former Orange Belt Railway where it crosses the Florida Turnpike on a converted railroad bridge. The path passes through the Oakland Nature Preserve on the way through downtown Oakland (Mile 2) where there is an outpost. From Oakland to Winter Garden, the Orange Belt Railway and the", "id": "20145820" }, { "contents": "Panhandle Pathway\n\n\nThe Panhandle Pathway is a rail to trail conversion in north central Indiana, United States. It is currently about 21 miles long and runs along the former Pennsylvania Railroad Panhandle line. At the north, the trail begins in the town of Winamac, Indiana, and closely parallels U.S. Highway 35 toward its south terminus in Kenneth, west of Logansport, Indiana. As of August 2015, the trail is accessible from parking areas in Winamac, Star City, and Royal Center. The pathway has a trailhead near its south terminus at", "id": "11518683" }, { "contents": "Columbia Plateau Trail\n\n\nconstructed by the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway Company in the early 1900s. That line's successor, the Burlington Northern Company, abandoned the line in 1987, paving the way for the state to acquire 130 miles of right-of-way, from milepost 235.0 near East Pasco to milepost 365.0 near South Cheney, in 1991. State Park management began in 1992. Standing remnants of the trail's railroad past include the historic Burr Canyon trestle built in 1908. The northern portion of the trail passes through a habitat", "id": "1634738" }, { "contents": "Bugline Trail\n\n\nThe Bugline Recreation Trail is a paved 16-mile trail located on the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and Pacific Railroad right-of-way in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. The trail stretches between Appleton Ave (Wisconsin Highway 175) in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States to just east of North Lake in the Town of Merton. A separate 4-foot-wide bridle trail adjacent to the original 8-foot-wide recreation trail extends 2.5 miles from The Ranch in Menomonee Falls to Menomonee Park where it joins the Park bridle trails", "id": "14315703" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nthrough Holdingford. This bicycle trail continues beyond milepost 143.5 as the Soo Line Trail, crossing the Mississippi River at the Blanchard Dam, changing from asphalt to gravel at U.S. 10 south of Little Falls, and extending to Onamia. The Soo Line Trail traverses Morrison County and Mille Lacs County. The extension is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota, located near Holdingford. The Saintly Seven is a completed 7 mile extension to bring the trail from St. Joseph all the way into Waite Park and Saint Cloud. The extension allows", "id": "7951628" }, { "contents": "Harlem Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Harlem Valley Rail Trail is a paved rail trail on an abandoned portion of the New York and Harlem Railroad, north of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Line terminus in Wassaic. It is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). It is maintained through an agreement between OPRHP, Dutchess County and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association. The former New York and Harlem main line was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1864, and became part of Penn Central Railroad", "id": "13113184" }, { "contents": "Mesabi Trail\n\n\nThe Mesabi Trail is a 132-mile paved bicycle trail running from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota. As of 2016, the trail is still under construction with approximately 25 miles of trail incomplete. The trail goes through the many small towns along it, such as Marble, Keewatin, Hibbing, Mountain Iron, Virginia, and Gilbert. Much of the trail runs along abandoned railroad grade. Since 2005, the Mesabi Trail has hosted a long bike ride every year in mid-August. Each stop (usually at a", "id": "3828941" }, { "contents": "Hayward, Wisconsin\n\n\nlocated, has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along existing county forest logging roads is permitted. There are 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails for winter use and 80.8 miles designated for summer use. State owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest", "id": "17383849" }, { "contents": "Great Western Trail (Iowa)\n\n\nThe Great Western Trail is a rail trail in the Des Moines metropolitan area south-central Iowa, United States. The trails is long and paved with asphalt. The trail follows the route of an abandoned line of the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, constructed in 1899 and last operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It runs between southwestern Des Moines at its north end and Martensdale at the south, passing through suburban areas, Willow Creek Golf Course, fields and farmland, and the wooded valley of", "id": "2371209" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail, Nova Scotia\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Beechville to Fairview. The trail is named for the Chain Lakes along which the trail runs. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg. They are part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route, a planned 3,000 kilometer cycling trail system. The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South", "id": "12562229" }, { "contents": "York County Heritage Rail Trail\n\n\nHeritage Rail Trail County Park is a National Recreation Trail rail-with-trail in Pennsylvania built in 1999 by the York County Rail Trail Authority (YCRTA). It connects with the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Maryland. The trail runs along the active Northern Central Railway line and forms the southernmost part of Route J in the BicyclePA route system. The York County Heritage Rail Trail is located along railroad tracks built during the nineteenth century as part of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR). The NCR was an important link", "id": "16256720" }, { "contents": "Sammamish River Trail\n\n\nThe Sammamish River Trail is a bike path and recreational trail in King County, Washington that runs along the Sammamish River from Blythe Park in Bothell to Marymoor Park in Redmond. It connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail at its north western end, and to the Redmond Central Connector at its south eastern end. The trail is paved for bicycle, inline-skate and pedestrian use and is paralleled for most of its length by an unpaved equestrian trail. It passes near the Chateau Ste. Michelle, Columbia and Silver Lake wineries", "id": "6886606" }, { "contents": "Snohomish County Centennial Trail\n\n\nintersection with Washington State Route 531 before the roadway continues north into Downtown Arlington after an underpass with Washington State Route 9. The route continues through Downtown Arlington along West Avenue before a former railroad trestle carries the trail across the Stillaguamish River and towards Bryant along Washington State Route 9. The Centennial Trail passes its final trailhead, the Nakashima Heritage Barn & Centennial Trail North, before ending at the Skagit County line south of Lake McMurray. The Centennial Trail runs on the right-of-way of the Sumas Branch of the former", "id": "1137624" }, { "contents": "Cape Haze Pioneer Trail\n\n\nThe Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway. The trail begins at the intersection of State Road 776 and Pinedale Drive in western Port Charlotte. It runs south along Pinedale Drive briefly before shifting east on to the former railroad corridor. It then proceeds south along the railroad corridor, passing near Rotonda West and crossing over Coral", "id": "14271713" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The Southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue E Northwest near the bus terminal and city hall. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida", "id": "9881595" }, { "contents": "Mill Towns Trail\n\n\nThe Mill Towns State Trail is a multi-use trail in development along the Cannon River. Currently a rail trail linking Northfield and Dundas, the trail is planned to extend southward to Faribault and eastward to Cannon Falls. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The", "id": "16299313" }, { "contents": "Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail is a paved 3.8 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the Blauvelt Free Library on Western Highway in the hamlet of Blauvelt, and ends at the intersection of Oak Tree Road in the hamlet of Tappan. The trail intersects the Old Erie Path at Depot Square in Sparkill. The trail follows the right-of-ways of two former railroads. From the southern trailhead in Tappan to Sparkill, it follows the Northern Branch", "id": "21704786" }, { "contents": "Bruce Vento Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Bruce Vento Regional Trail is a rail trail in the cities of Vadnais Heights, Gem Lake, Maplewood, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. The trail occupies an abandoned Burlington Northern Railroad corridor and intersects with the Gateway State Trail in Maplewood and continues to just east of Lake Phalen in Saint Paul. South of the lake, it continues along Phalen Boulevard and through Swede Hollow to its terminus near Seventh Street. Another spur off of Phalen Boulevard continues west, going over a long bridge that crosses very active railroad tracks", "id": "15151449" }, { "contents": "Terrace Mountain Trail\n\n\nPark (mile ); primitive camping is permitted in designated locations along the trail. The trail is marked with blue blazes and mileposts. Beginning at the south end of the lake near Weaver Falls, the first of the trail follows the old Tressler logging road onto the wooded slopes of Terrace Mountain. During a steep climb, you can stop for water at Putt's Boy Scout Camp (mile ). The trail continues through mature hardwood forest dominated by hickory, oak, and maple, with spectacular spring wildflowers. At mile", "id": "8808985" }, { "contents": "Paint Creek Trail\n\n\n1983 as the first rail trail in Michigan. The trail is in the right-of-way of the former Michigan Central Railroad and Penn Central Railroad lines. The original rail line was completed in 1872, and was in service until Penn Central's railroad operations were taken over by Conrail in 1976. The right-of-way was purchased by the Paint Creek Trail Commission in 1983 for $450,000. The trail will plan to start at Lake Orion, then stops at South Lake Orion, Goodison Orion Road, Goodison", "id": "11361335" }, { "contents": "Conewago Recreation Trail\n\n\nThe Conewago Recreation Trail is a public recreational rail trail that follows the once Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad rail corridor for a total of slightly over 5.0 miles. The trail stretches from Elizabethtown, PA to the Lebanon County Line, PA, at which point it links up to the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail which continues for another 15.0 miles. The Conewago Recreation Trail runs adjacent to the Conewago Creek running through quiet farmland and forested areas. Trail goers can enjoy walking, jogging, bicycling, horseback riding and other non-motorized recreational uses", "id": "3407872" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon\n\n\nrefers to a cafe in downtown Lake Wobegon called the \"Chatterbox Cafe\". There is a real cafe and gas station in Olivia by the same name. Olivia is in north-central Renville County. The Minnesota Rails and Trails project began creating the Lake Wobegon Trail in 1998. It now stretches from Waite Park, Minnesota just west of St. Cloud, to Freeport, Minnesota, where it forks; one trail heads northwest to Osakis, Minnesota, the other northeast to Holdingford, Minnesota and Bowlus, Minnesota, and on", "id": "12575406" }, { "contents": "Lake Bemidji State Park\n\n\ntrail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike. The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails. In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system", "id": "11692170" }, { "contents": "North Central State Trail\n\n\nThe North Central State Trail is a 62-mile (100 km) recreational rail trail serving a section of the northern quarter of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Following a route generally parallel to Interstate 75, the trail goes northward from the Michigan town of Gaylord to the top of the Lower Peninsula at Mackinaw City and connects to the North Western State Trail. It serves the towns of Vanderbilt, Indian River, and Cheboygan which connects to the Northeastern State Trail. The North Central State Trail occupies what was once", "id": "17921256" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nA short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along the former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail", "id": "19412295" }, { "contents": "Spruce Railroad Trail\n\n\nThe Spruce Railroad Trail (sometimes called Lake Crescent Trail) is a rail trail located on the shores of Lake Crescent about west of Port Angeles, Washington, and is part of the 134-mile-long Olympic Discovery Trail. The trail follows the former Port Angeles Western Railroad grade along the shores of Lake Crescent. Built during World War I for the Spruce Production Division to transport spruce from the western Olympic Peninsula for the aircraft industry, it was completed in 1919, a year too late for its intended purpose. The trail is", "id": "7465546" }, { "contents": "OC&E Woods Line State Trail\n\n\nThe OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir. Along its length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly. The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately . Beyond Olene, the trail surface is", "id": "11038009" }, { "contents": "Glacial Drumlin State Trail\n\n\nin the Southern Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Lake Kegonsa State Park, the Capital Springs State Recreation Area and at the Sandhill Station State Campground Snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowshoe hiking are permitted on the trail during the winter months. Snowmobiles are only permitted on the 39-mile limestone section of the trail but not on the paved asphalt section between Waukesha and Dousman. Snowmobiles must follow all Wisconsin snowmobile laws on this trail. Skiers and snowshoe hikers must share the trail with snowmobilers. Skiers and snowshoe hikers do", "id": "21208171" }, { "contents": "Hancock, Michigan\n\n\npartly in the city. The Jack Stevens Rail Trail runs through the city of Hancock and continues on 14 miles north to Calumet on a now-abandoned Soo Line Railroad grade. The Keweenaw Trail or Trail 3 is the main snowmobiling route to and from Houghton and Hancock, it connects to other nearby trails including the North and South Freda Trails which lead toward Lake Superior, and the Stevens Trail which goes to Calumet. Elementary-school students attend the Gordon Barkell Elementary School (formerly Hancock Elementary School), middle school students", "id": "17903027" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nThe West Orange Trail is a long multi-use rail trail owned by Orange County Parks and Recreation in Orange County, Florida, in the United States. The paved trail passes through downtown Oakland, Winter Garden, and Apopka with most of its length built on old railroad alignments. To the west of the West Orange Trail is the South Lake-Lake Minneola Scenic Trail in Lake County which was connected to the trail in 2007. There are four main stations on the West Orange Trail, each providing parking, restroom facilities", "id": "20145818" }, { "contents": "Meadowlands, Minnesota\n\n\n-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles. Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range. According to the United States Census", "id": "3264262" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nThe Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the", "id": "19539432" }, { "contents": "Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park\n\n\nThe Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States. The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is long, and averages wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from to , and total acreage", "id": "5023514" }, { "contents": "Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway)\n\n\nThe Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway) is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The", "id": "3548791" }, { "contents": "Badger State Trail\n\n\nThe Badger State Trail is a rail trail in south central Wisconsin. The trail leads from the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Madison passing through, from south to north, Monroe, Monticello, Belleville and Fitchburg. Near Monticello, the trail passes through the long, unlit Stewart Tunnel constructed in 1887. The trail was officially opened July 8, 2007. The main route of the trail follows a former rail line that was originally built by the Chicago, Madison and Northern Railroad and opened in 1887, with the first official", "id": "14059319" }, { "contents": "Rail trail\n\n\nwas developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. In Quebec, Le P'tit Train du Nord runs from Saint-Jérôme to Mont-Laurier. In Toronto, there are two rail trails, the Beltline Trail and the West Toronto Railpath. In central Ontario, the former Victoria Railway line, which runs from the town of Lindsay, Ontario, north to the village of Haliburton, in", "id": "12830745" }, { "contents": "Cheshire, Massachusetts\n\n\nserved by the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad. Most of the line was converted into the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail , an -long, , universally accessible, paved path connecting the Berkshire towns of Lanesborough, Cheshire, and Adams. The trail runs parallel to Route 8 and passes through woods and marshlands, and alongside a lake and a river, with wooded hills and Mount Greylock as a backdrop. The path and has become a popular resource for biking, walking, roller-blading, jogging, etc. The trail passes through the", "id": "21975354" }, { "contents": "Greene River Trail\n\n\nThe Greene River Trail is a non-motorized rail trail 60 miles south of Pittsburgh in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Greene River Trail runs along the banks of the Monongahela River as it winds through the former coal mining region of Greene County. The 5.2-mile trail begins in Millsboro at the Greene Cove Yacht Club, where the trail follows Ten Mile Creek for a quarter mile before turning upstream along the left (west) bank of the Monongahela River. The trail passes through Rices Landing and ends in Crucible. Plans call for the", "id": "14813403" }, { "contents": "Van Buren Trail State Park\n\n\nVan Buren Trail State Park, also known as Trail State Park, is an unimproved rail trail running along a former railroad right-of-way between Hartford, Michigan to South Haven, Michigan in Van Buren County. It is long and mostly used by horse trail riders in the summer and snowmobilers in the winter. Terrain is flat with farmland and trees. In 2004, Van Buren County took over operation of the state-owned trail after state budget problems. There is a trail pass system to pay for maintenance.", "id": "6257199" }, { "contents": "Banks–Vernonia State Trail\n\n\nThe Banks–Vernonia State Trail is a paved rail trail and state park in northwest Oregon in the United States. It runs for , primarily north–south, between the towns of Vernonia in Columbia County and Banks in Washington County on an abandoned railroad bed. Banks is about west of Portland. The wide trail is open to non-motorized uses such as hiking and biking. A wide horse trail parallels the hiking and biking trail. The rail trail crosses 12 bridges and the Buxton Trestle, a former railroad trestle bridge", "id": "6147760" }, { "contents": "Florida State Road 589\n\n\npart of the Suncoast Parkway project, a multi-use paved recreational trail called the Suncoast Trail was constructed parallel to the western side of the highway, and opened along with the Parkway itself in 2001. The trail begins at Lutz-Lake Fern Road (Exit 16), and continues north for 41 miles to the highway's terminus at US 98. Four miles north of State Road 54, an additional 6.5-mile paved bicycle trail connects the Suncoast Trail to the J. B. Starkey Wilderness Park in New Port Richey. Use of", "id": "12401397" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nSakatah Singing Hills State Trail is a paved multi-use rail trail connecting Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, US. It is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which converted it from a railroad line. The name derives from the Dakota people who lived in the region; \"Sakatah\" translates into \"singing hills\". It began as a snowmobile trail and is now shared by hikers, joggers and cross-country skiers. There are sections of parallel dirt trail for horseback riders but they are not continuous.", "id": "6829781" }, { "contents": "Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail that connects with the John Wayne Pioneer Trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road's Everett Branch (Cedar Falls-Everett, later shortened to Monroe, WA). The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall. The trail parallels the Cedar Falls Road before it heads east passing Rainbow Lake and down through the Boxley Creek drainage where a trestle bridge crosses a tributary of", "id": "18545106" }, { "contents": "Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail\n\n\npreserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007. Construction of a multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome. The eastern end of the pavement is Holloway RD in the Etoniah Creek State Forest. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)", "id": "7679575" }, { "contents": "Chippewa River State Trail\n\n\nChippewa River State Trail is a 26-mile urban-rural rail trail in western Wisconsin that follows the path of the Chippewa River. The trails runs from the spot of the confluence of the Chippewa with the Eau Claire River, at Phoenix Park in downtown Eau Claire to the town of Durand where it meets up with the Red Cedar State Trail. A former railroad corridor, the trail passes through a variety of habitat including wetlands, prairies, and sandstone bluff. The Chippewa River State Trail will eventually be part of the greater Chippewa", "id": "19531697" }, { "contents": "Thornapple Trail\n\n\nThe Thornapple Trail is the abbreviated name for the a partially completed Paul Henry-Thornapple Trail (rail trail) in west Michigan. The Middleville portion is being connected to the Kent County section which will eventually link to Kent Trails. When complete, the Paul Henry - Thornapple Trail will be a 42-mile multi-use recreation trail running from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Vermontville, Michigan. The trail was originally the Grand River Valley Railroad, constructed in 1868-69. Service on the line ended in 1983, after the state", "id": "8835070" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nWashington Parkway, the Army Corps of Engineers built an extension of the Four Mile Run Trail beneath them that connected the trail to the Mount Vernon Trail. Later that spring, more new sections of the trail opened, connecting it to the Washington & Old Dominion Trail. In 2009, a trail extension was completed near Shirlington that not only linked the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe", "id": "19539435" }, { "contents": "Oswego Recreational Trail\n\n\nThe Oswego County Recreation Trail is a multi-use rail trail in New York. The Oswego Recreational Trail actually comprises two trails which are separated by an on-road section. It follows the route of the former New York, Ontario and Western Railway, abandoned in 1957. The east portion runs from the city of Fulton's Maple Avenue to the village of Central Square, just short of Interstate 81. I-81 was built following the NYO&W abandonment and no provision was made to preserve the railroad right-of-way by", "id": "8745258" }, { "contents": "Van Cortlandt Park\n\n\nPutnam Trail (, easy), an unpaved trail, runs north through the woods to the east of this lawn and west of Van Cortlandt Lake, through the golf course and along Tibbetts Brook and the former New York and Putnam Railroad line into Yonkers, where it connects to Westchester County's paved South County Trailway. The rails themselves are overrun with weeds, but they are no longer usable by trains. The remains of the former Van Cortlandt Park station can be seen along the trail. As part of the park's", "id": "16188090" }, { "contents": "Orange Heritage Trailway\n\n\nThe Orange Heritage Trailway is a 14.5 mile rail trail in Orange County, New York, that runs along the roadbed of the Erie Railroad Main Line from Harriman to a point halfway between Goshen and Middletown, New York. The former Erie Railroad main line turns northwest at a junction and tracks terminate at the site of the now removed and demolished Nepera Chemical plant in the village of Harriman. The undeveloped roadbed continues approximately two miles through Harriman and Monroe. The paved trail begins in Harriman NY, although no trailhead exists in Harriman", "id": "14271335" }, { "contents": "Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)\n\n\nThe Rock Island Trail State Park is a long public rail trail in the west-central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2003. It passes through portions of Peoria and Stark counties. The southern end of the trail is currently located at Pioneer Parkway in north Peoria, Illinois, and the northern end is in Toulon, Illinois, the county seat of Stark County. The right-of-way served as a railroad line from 1871 to 1963, was unused in 1963", "id": "20557951" }, { "contents": "Prairie Spirit Trail State Park\n\n\nPrairie Spirit Trail State Park is a rail trail that is a Kansas State Park. The trail is built on the former right of way of the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad from Ottawa, Kansas, to Iola, Kansas. The trail runs 50 miles from its northern terminus at Ottawa, Kansas to its southern terminus at Iola, Kansas. The trail is open for use by hikers, joggers, and bicyclists year-round, from sunrise to sunset. This trail is paved with a hard-packed limestone screening outside", "id": "6599442" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nThe landscape is mostly cultivated land with remnant stands of prairie and Big Woods. The trail passes through Sakatah Lake State Park and runs through city streets in Waterville. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The route from Red Wing to Waterville was completed in 1882,", "id": "6829782" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nIt is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park.", "id": "19412294" }, { "contents": "Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes\n\n\nThe Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes is a rail trail in the northwest United States, in northern Idaho. It follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way from Mullan, a mountain mining town near the Montana border, westward to Plummer, a town on the prairie near the Washington Generally following the Coeur d'Alene River, the rail line was abandoned in 1991 and the trail officially opened in March 2004. The trail's route winds through the mountainous terrain of historic Silver Valley, into the chain lakes region, along", "id": "10102968" }, { "contents": "Northern Strand Community Trail\n\n\nprimarily runs along the Saugus Branch Railroad, a former branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The trail's right of way is leased from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for 99 years by the respective cities the trail passes through, except in Lynn; if Lynn approves the trail in their borders, they will likely sign a similar lease. Like many nearby rail-trails, these leases include a reversion clause should the right of way be deemed more useful for other transportation uses. The trail features a growing number of", "id": "19115050" }, { "contents": "Arrowhead State Trail\n\n\nThe Arrowhead State Trail is a recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota, USA, geared primarily for winter snowmobile use. It runs from an intersection with the Taconite State Trail west of Tower to an intersection with the Blue Ox Trail south of International Falls. In summer about are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, while the northern section is blocked by areas of wetness and standing water. The Arrowhead State Trail was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1974–75. It is managed by the Minnesota Department", "id": "15732221" }, { "contents": "Krushchev in Iowa Trail\n\n\nKrushchev in Iowa Trail is a planned rail trail running from Herndon, Iowa, to Coon Rapids, Iowa. It is a planned part of the American Discovery Trail. Originally known as the Corn Diplomacy Trail, the Krushchev in Iowa Trail is to be a paved recreational trail that runs through the counties of Guthrie and Carroll along an abandoned Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line. Planned trailheads A connection is planned at Herndon to the Raccoon River Valley Trail in Guthrie county. A connection is planned to Carroll, which is a terminus", "id": "4569009" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nwestern Loudoun County. Its route largely parallels the routes of the Potomac River and Virginia State Route 7 (VA Route 7). The trail connects at its origin to the paved Four Mile Run Trail, which travels eastward through Arlington along a stream embankment to meet the Mount Vernon Trail at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, near the Potomac River. The start of the trail is also accessible from the Shirlington exit (Exit 6) of Interstate 395 (I-395) (the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway). The trail parallels", "id": "21736689" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nat the trail's lowest elevation: above sea level. The trail climbs in while traveling northwest through Arlington County. While in Arlington, the trail ascends through the Atlantic Seaboard fall line while climbing upstream in the valley of Four Mile Run. The trail crosses the Run seven times in the valley on bridges whose abutments were constructed before the Civil War by the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, a predecessor of the W&OD Railroad. After crossing Columbia Pike (VA Route 244), the trail enters a steeply-sloped woodland", "id": "21736691" }, { "contents": "Columbia Trail\n\n\nof the Raritan River parallels the trail through the gorge, and is a scenic fast-flowing small river with recreational activities, especially fly fishing. A trestle carries the trail over the river in the gorge. There are few remnants of the former rail line along the trail, except for the occasional rotting railroad cross ties along the trail. There is a small section of track preserved in Califon and a small and rarely open museum dedicated to the rail line history is located in the preserved train station in the town center.", "id": "8728332" }, { "contents": "Monroe, Wisconsin\n\n\nto the city swimming pool; and Honey Creek Park, the site of a skate park. The city is the eastern starting point for the Cheese Country Trail, a 47-mile multi-purpose recreational path, and the Badger State Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian-only trail in summer and an ATV/snowmobile trail in winter. The \"Cheese Trail\" extends from Mineral Point to Monroe, while the Badger State Trail runs from the state line to Madison and connects to the Jane Addams Trail in Illinois. Both are former", "id": "17283013" }, { "contents": "Withlacoochee State Trail\n\n\nWithlacoochee State Trail is a long paved, multi-use, non-motorized rail trail in Florida located in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties. It follows along the Withlacoochee River and passes through the Withlacoochee State Forest. It is the longest paved rail trail in Florida. The original railroad line was formed sometime in the 1880s as the Inverness and Brooksville Railway. It connected with the Florida Northern Railroad in Citrus Springs and with the South Florida Railroad (SFR) in Dade City. In 1892, the Silver Springs, Ocala", "id": "16480832" }, { "contents": "Kal-Haven Trail\n\n\nthe parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped. The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding is allowed on", "id": "5253109" }, { "contents": "St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad\n\n\nfor a time. In 1978, local shippers took over the operation and it became the Lamoille Valley Railroad. In 1989, the line was leased to a Florida company and was operated by them until major flooding in 1995 and 1997 damaged the line so much that it was not profitable to repair the track. In 2002, the state of Vermont started converting the 96 mile route into a recreational trail and created the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. Milepost 0: St. Johnsbury interchange with Maine Central Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway. Milepost", "id": "688110" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nCumberland Valley Rail Trail (CVRT) is a National Recreation Trail rail trail that follows the former Cumberland Valley Railroad rail corridor for 9.5 miles, from Shippensburg to Newville, through the farmlands of western Cumberland County in south-central Pennsylvania. Historical significance The Cumberland Valley Railroad (CV) began service in the Cumberland Valley on the current CVRT corridor in 1837. In 1838 CV became the first railroad in the U.S. to offer overnight sleeping cars. Twenty years later, John Brown and his abolitionist compatriots traveled to Harpers Ferry on CV", "id": "19478189" }, { "contents": "Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail\n\n\nGainesville-Hawthorne State Trail is a rail trail in Florida. It is protected as a long Florida State Park and runs from the City of Gainesville's Boulware Springs Water Works to the town of Hawthorne. It passes through the Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park and the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area along a former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad line. The property was purchased by the state of Florida from CSX Transportation with money from the \"trails from rails\" program in late 1989. Activities include hiking, running, cycling, rollerblading, and", "id": "19673293" }, { "contents": "Summerset Trail\n\n\nThe Summerset Trail is a rail trail in Warren County in south-central Iowa in the United States. The trail is long and is paved with asphalt. It follows the route of an abandoned rail line between the cities of Carlisle at its northeastern end and Indianola at the southwest. The trail passes remnants of prairie, wetlands along the Middle River southwest of Carlisle, and woodlands north of Indianola. Trailheads are at Carlisle and Indianola, and at the trail's midpoint at Banner Lakes at Summerset State Park. The Carlisle trailhead", "id": "2470854" }, { "contents": "Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway\n\n\nwestern Washington lines remained in fairly heavy use until 1963. By 1970, most of the line was acquired by Burlington Northern Railway which filed to abandon the lines a year later in 1971. Seven years later, in 1978, the between Gas Works Park in Seattle and Tracy Owen Station in Kenmore was reopened as the Burke-Gilman Trail bike path and recreational rail trail, named after the leaders of the group that founded the railroad, Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman. The bike path and rail trail has been extended along the", "id": "17373452" }, { "contents": "Spokane River Centennial Trail\n\n\nThe Spokane River Centennial Trail is a paved trail in Eastern Washington for alternate transportation and recreational use. It is managed by Washington State Parks as the Spokane River Centennial State Park Trail. The trail extends from Sontag Park in Nine Mile Falls, Washington to the Washington/Idaho border. It passes through the cities of Spokane, Washington, Spokane Valley, Washington, Liberty Lake, Washington and the unincorporated community of Spokane Bridge, before crossing under the Interstate 90 Spokane River Bridge—traveling through Kootenai County, Idaho for approximately —", "id": "4618637" }, { "contents": "Wallkill Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Wallkill Valley Rail Trail is a rail trail and linear park that runs along the former Wallkill Valley Railroad rail corridor in Ulster County, New York. It stretches from Gardiner through New Paltz, Rosendale, and Ulster to the Kingston city line. The trail is separated from the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail by two state prisons in Shawangunk, though there have been plans to bypass these facilities, and to connect the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail with other regional rail trails. The northern section of the trail forms part of the proposed", "id": "12405545" }, { "contents": "Folsom Lake State Recreation Area\n\n\nmonths when school is still in session, evenings and weekends are the times of highest lake activity. There are 95 miles of trail at Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. These trails are used by hiker, bicyclists, runners, and horseback riders. A portion of the Western States/ Pioneer Express Trail between Sacramento and Carson City, Nevada also runs through the park. A paved bicycle trail loops around Lake Natoma, linking to Beals Point and the American River Bike Trail. Native Americans of the Maidu or Nisenan tribe inhabited the land", "id": "20827159" }, { "contents": "Zim Smith Trail\n\n\nThe Zim Smith Trail is the main multi-use trail of a network of trails in Saratoga County, New York. Extending nine miles, it connects the towns of Halfmoon, Clifton Park, Round Lake Village, Malta and Ballston Spa. It is the only trail in New York state to be designated a national recreation trail by the U.S. Department of Interior and National Park Service. The trail starts at Oak Street in Ballston Spa and runs through Malta's Shenantaha Creek Park. From there the trail passes under Interstate 87,", "id": "12911745" }, { "contents": "Old Erie Path\n\n\nThe Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking. The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad", "id": "21704717" }, { "contents": "Goodhue Pioneer State Trail\n\n\nThe Goodhue Pioneer State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in southeastern Minnesota, USA. The of trail currently exist in two segments, separated by a gap. The northern segment is a paved trail running from Red Wing, Minnesota, to the Hay Creek section of the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest near Hay Creek Township. The southern section is a natural-surface trail running northward from the Zumbrota Covered Bridge Park in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The trail corridor follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway segment that", "id": "13493095" }, { "contents": "Hank Aaron State Trail\n\n\nThe Hank Aaron State Trail is a 14-mile rail trail in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The trail is named for former Milwaukee Braves and Milwaukee Brewers right fielder Hank Aaron, and was built on a former roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. The trail begins on the shore of Lake Michigan in Lakeshore State Park (). The trail travels west through Milwaukee, passing by the Harley-Davidson Museum, Potawatomi Hotel & Casino, Miller Park, and the Wisconsin State Fair Park. The trail ends", "id": "9082958" }, { "contents": "Clive Greenbelt Trail\n\n\nClive Greenbelt Trail is an urban recreational trail in Clive, Iowa and forms part of the Central Iowa Trails network. This very busy recreational trail runs through Polk and Dallas Counties in Iowa. It is a curvy, paved asphalt and concrete trail. The trail begins at 73rd Street and Walnut Creek at the Walmart in Windsor Heights. It meanders along the north bank of Walnut Creek for to Country Club Blvd. Between the Lake Country Club dam and 142nd Street, the trail is on the street near the northshore of Lake Country", "id": "5561819" }, { "contents": "Fort Fraser Trail\n\n\nThe Fort Fraser Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Bartow to Lakeland. It runs along a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that once ran from Lakeland to Naples. The Southern terminus of the trail can be accessed from North Wilson Avenue in Bartow, immediately North of Tractor Supply Company. The Northern terminus is at the entrance to the Polk State College (Lakeland) campus in Lakeland. A paved extension of the trail runs to the Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland, a park run by Polk County", "id": "9622262" }, { "contents": "High Trestle Trail\n\n\nHigh Trestle Trail is a rail trail running from Ankeny to Woodward in central Iowa. The recreation trail opened on April 30, 2011. It is a paved recreational trail that runs through the Polk, Story, Boone, and Dallas counties. The trail's name is derived from a former 1913 bridge that spanned the Des Moines River between the towns of Madrid and Woodward. Conservation board directors and the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation estimate that more than 3,000 people use this trail each week. The trail is a major component of a", "id": "10959275" }, { "contents": "Cannon Valley Trail\n\n\nThe Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing. Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW", "id": "19411630" }, { "contents": "Dutchess Rail Trail\n\n\nwas double tracked, allowing for a simultaneous paved and packed dirt trail. In January 2012, a 1-mile stretch of property was purchased from CSX Transportation. An effort was made to develop this stretch of property in 2013, resulting in connections with Walkway Over the Hudson and the Hudson Valley Rail Trail. The railroad line was built in 1892 by the Central New England Railway; it was severed by a fire on the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974. Dutchess County originally purchased the Maybrook Line to build a limited access highway to Interstate 84", "id": "1685096" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Central Lakes State Trail is a paved recreational rail trail in central Minnesota, USA, running along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail is marked with mileposts every mile, corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad line. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The trail begins in Osakis at the western end of the Lake Wobegon Trail and runs parallel to Interstate 94 before ending in Fergus Falls. This trail passes through the towns of Nelson, Alexandria, Garfield, Brandon,", "id": "8504440" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The main trail is a trail along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line, beginning near milepost 81 in St. Joseph and ending near milepost 130 in Osakis. This trail runs parallel to I-94. The trail", "id": "7951626" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\npasses through the cities of Avon, Albany, Freeport, Melrose, Sauk Centre, and West Union. Beyond Osakis, the trail continues as the Central Lakes Trail. These two trails form a continuous trail from St. Joseph to Fergus Falls. The extension trail intersects near milepost 97 of the main trail in Albany. The extension trail is a trail along a former Soo Line Railroad line, beginning near milepost 131 in Albany passing through Albany, Krain and Holding Townships and ending northeast of Holdingford at approx. milepost 143.5, passing", "id": "7951627" }, { "contents": "Heartland State Trail\n\n\nThe Heartland State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, USA. It runs between Park Rapids and Cass Lake, intersecting with the Paul Bunyan State Trail around Walker. The entire route is paved, with a parallel grass trackway along the southern half for horseback riding and mountain biking. The northern half of the trail has some parallel trackway for snowmobiles. A segment north of Walker traverses very hilly terrain to appeal to snowmobilers; other users can follow a marked alternate route on paved road shoulders", "id": "18296395" }, { "contents": "Glacial Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Glacial Lakes State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in south-central Minnesota, USA. Developed from a former Burlington Northern Railroad grade, it traverses a landscape of lakes and gently rolling hills formed 10,000 years ago during the last glacial period. The trail currently extends from outside Willmar through the communities of Spicer, New London, and Hawick to the North Fork Crow River. Beyond that the undeveloped railbed is open for some recreational uses for another through the city of Richmond, but some of the original railroad", "id": "17680490" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run\n\n\nFour Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved non-motorized transport and recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail. In Arlington, the stream passes from the Piedmont through the Fall Line to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in a deep forested valley. The stream's eastern section", "id": "19376418" }, { "contents": "Agassiz Recreational Trail\n\n\nAgassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, USA, between Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the naturally surfaced trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The Agassiz Recreational Trail was converted from an abandoned rail bed running parallel to state highways 32 and 102. It passes through the following towns (in", "id": "14209427" }, { "contents": "Erie Lackawanna Trail\n\n\nErie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail in located in Lake County, Indiana which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of . The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in", "id": "21971553" }, { "contents": "Paul Bunyan State Trail\n\n\nThe Paul Bunyan State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, United States, running between the cities of Brainerd and Bemidji. Named after the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan of American folklore, the trail is the longest continuously paved trail in the United States. The route was part of the Burlington Northern Railroad lines abandoned in 1983. The trail currently covers a distance of . The southern extension, completed in 2012, moved the southern terminus to Crow Wing State Park. The route through Bemidji currently", "id": "15010231" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon is a 26.2 mile foot race from Holdingford, Minnesota, to St. Joseph, Minnesota, on a paved trail called the Lake Wobegon Trail. The course is USATF-certified, making it a qualifying race for the Boston Marathon. The race is sponsored and organized by the St. Cloud River Runners, a running group active since 1983 with about 150 members. The flat, straight course is run on a blacktop trail converted from freight rail lines. After starting at the high school in Holdingford, the", "id": "8840283" }, { "contents": "Yelm–Tenino Trail\n\n\nThe Yelm–Tenino Trail is a rail trail located in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The long cycling and walking trail has been constructed along the route of a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail runs parallel to State Route 507 and intersects with the Chehalis Western Trail. Trailheads are located at the trail termini in the towns of Yelm and Tenino as well as in the town of Rainier. The trail is used by bicyclists participating in the annual Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic as they ride from Yelm to Tenino", "id": "3903345" }, { "contents": "Northern Rail Trail (New Hampshire)\n\n\nThe Northern Recreational Rail Trail, also known as the Northern Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail trail in western New Hampshire, USA, running from Lebanon to Boscawen. It uses the right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad's former Northern Line, which was acquired by the State of New Hampshire in 1996. The trail is managed by the New Hampshire Bureau of Trails. The Northern Railroad built this line from Concord to White River Junction, Vermont, in 1847. The Boston-based investors", "id": "10109519" }, { "contents": "Little Valley, New York\n\n\nand Ellicottville. County Routes 5 and 14 start in the northwest corner of the town and head toward New Albion and East Otto, respectively. The Pat McGee Trail, a hiking and snowmobile rail trail that follows the path of the now-removed railroad, runs through the town parallel to Route 353. The Conservation Trail, a subset of the Finger Lakes Trail (itself a subset of the North Country Trail), passes through the town connecting the state forests therein; the two trails share a roughly one-mile wrong", "id": "16894285" }, { "contents": "Taconite State Trail\n\n\nThe Taconite State Trail extends 165 miles from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota and intersects the Arrowhead State Trail west of Lake Vermilion. On the Grand Rapids end, the trail is paved for the first 6 miles for in-line skating and biking. The rest of the trail is natural surface used primarily in the winter months for snowmobiling. In the summer, several areas contain standing water, but some areas are suitable for horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking Taconite State Trail is a scenic experience twisting through", "id": "11590151" }, { "contents": "Ashuwillticook Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Ashuwillticook Rail Trail is a former railroad corridor converted into a paved, universally accessible, scenic rail trail path. The Ashuwillticook (ash-oo-will-ti-cook) Rail Trail runs parallel to Route 8 through the towns of Cheshire, Lanesborough and Adams, Massachusetts and is used for biking, walking, roller-blading, and jogging. The trail is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Its first two phases opened in 2001 and 2004, with a 1.2-mile northerly extension opening", "id": "6836871" }, { "contents": "Onondaga Lake Park\n\n\nuses (strollers, children's bicycles with training wheels, tricycles and wheel chair users) are also permitted on this trail which is not plowed in the winter. The West Shore Trail is long from where it connects to the East Shore Recreation Trail at its most western end to its most eastern end off Exit 7 of Interstate 690. Located along the western shore of Onondaga Lake, this paved trail meanders through over 4.5 miles (ca. 7 km) of woodlands and open areas. It is used by bicyclists, walkers", "id": "8426451" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nMinnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve.", "id": "19412293" }, { "contents": "Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail (TCB), the official name of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR) Trail, is a rail trail that runs along an abandoned railroad corridor where the Northern Central Railway once operated. The trail extends 20 miles from Ashland Road in Cockeysville, Maryland to the boundary with Pennsylvania. At the Pennsylvania line, the Torrey C. Brown Trail becomes the York County Heritage Rail Trail (part of BicyclePA Route J) and continues to the city of York. The trail is wide with a stone dust", "id": "1111662" }, { "contents": "Central Massachusetts Railroad\n\n\ntowns along the former Wheelwright Branch exhibited similar enthusiasm for recreational trails along the property. In March 1985 with support from the local governments and regional planning agency the state purchased 10 miles of the line between the west end of the Connecticut River Bridge in Northampton and Amherst with the intent to convert it into a rail trail. Work began in 1992 and on July 29, 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management officially opened the Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail. By 1997 the trail extended as far as Belchertown where progress halted due to a", "id": "17724305" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nHeading east, all distances on the trail are measured from the Killarney Station which is the Mile zero marker. There is a mile marker every to mark your location at the trail, useful during emergencies. The trail runs east towards downtown Oakland over the former Orange Belt Railway where it crosses the Florida Turnpike on a converted railroad bridge. The path passes through the Oakland Nature Preserve on the way through downtown Oakland (Mile 2) where there is an outpost. From Oakland to Winter Garden, the Orange Belt Railway and the", "id": "20145820" }, { "contents": "Panhandle Pathway\n\n\nThe Panhandle Pathway is a rail to trail conversion in north central Indiana, United States. It is currently about 21 miles long and runs along the former Pennsylvania Railroad Panhandle line. At the north, the trail begins in the town of Winamac, Indiana, and closely parallels U.S. Highway 35 toward its south terminus in Kenneth, west of Logansport, Indiana. As of August 2015, the trail is accessible from parking areas in Winamac, Star City, and Royal Center. The pathway has a trailhead near its south terminus at", "id": "11518683" }, { "contents": "Columbia Plateau Trail\n\n\nconstructed by the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway Company in the early 1900s. That line's successor, the Burlington Northern Company, abandoned the line in 1987, paving the way for the state to acquire 130 miles of right-of-way, from milepost 235.0 near East Pasco to milepost 365.0 near South Cheney, in 1991. State Park management began in 1992. Standing remnants of the trail's railroad past include the historic Burr Canyon trestle built in 1908. The northern portion of the trail passes through a habitat", "id": "1634738" }, { "contents": "Bugline Trail\n\n\nThe Bugline Recreation Trail is a paved 16-mile trail located on the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and Pacific Railroad right-of-way in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. The trail stretches between Appleton Ave (Wisconsin Highway 175) in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States to just east of North Lake in the Town of Merton. A separate 4-foot-wide bridle trail adjacent to the original 8-foot-wide recreation trail extends 2.5 miles from The Ranch in Menomonee Falls to Menomonee Park where it joins the Park bridle trails", "id": "14315703" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nthrough Holdingford. This bicycle trail continues beyond milepost 143.5 as the Soo Line Trail, crossing the Mississippi River at the Blanchard Dam, changing from asphalt to gravel at U.S. 10 south of Little Falls, and extending to Onamia. The Soo Line Trail traverses Morrison County and Mille Lacs County. The extension is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota, located near Holdingford. The Saintly Seven is a completed 7 mile extension to bring the trail from St. Joseph all the way into Waite Park and Saint Cloud. The extension allows", "id": "7951628" }, { "contents": "Harlem Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Harlem Valley Rail Trail is a paved rail trail on an abandoned portion of the New York and Harlem Railroad, north of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Line terminus in Wassaic. It is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). It is maintained through an agreement between OPRHP, Dutchess County and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association. The former New York and Harlem main line was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1864, and became part of Penn Central Railroad", "id": "13113184" }, { "contents": "Mesabi Trail\n\n\nThe Mesabi Trail is a 132-mile paved bicycle trail running from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota. As of 2016, the trail is still under construction with approximately 25 miles of trail incomplete. The trail goes through the many small towns along it, such as Marble, Keewatin, Hibbing, Mountain Iron, Virginia, and Gilbert. Much of the trail runs along abandoned railroad grade. Since 2005, the Mesabi Trail has hosted a long bike ride every year in mid-August. Each stop (usually at a", "id": "3828941" }, { "contents": "Hayward, Wisconsin\n\n\nlocated, has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along existing county forest logging roads is permitted. There are 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails for winter use and 80.8 miles designated for summer use. State owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest", "id": "17383849" }, { "contents": "Great Western Trail (Iowa)\n\n\nThe Great Western Trail is a rail trail in the Des Moines metropolitan area south-central Iowa, United States. The trails is long and paved with asphalt. The trail follows the route of an abandoned line of the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, constructed in 1899 and last operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It runs between southwestern Des Moines at its north end and Martensdale at the south, passing through suburban areas, Willow Creek Golf Course, fields and farmland, and the wooded valley of", "id": "2371209" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail, Nova Scotia\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Beechville to Fairview. The trail is named for the Chain Lakes along which the trail runs. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg. They are part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route, a planned 3,000 kilometer cycling trail system. The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South", "id": "12562229" }, { "contents": "York County Heritage Rail Trail\n\n\nHeritage Rail Trail County Park is a National Recreation Trail rail-with-trail in Pennsylvania built in 1999 by the York County Rail Trail Authority (YCRTA). It connects with the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Maryland. The trail runs along the active Northern Central Railway line and forms the southernmost part of Route J in the BicyclePA route system. The York County Heritage Rail Trail is located along railroad tracks built during the nineteenth century as part of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR). The NCR was an important link", "id": "16256720" }, { "contents": "Sammamish River Trail\n\n\nThe Sammamish River Trail is a bike path and recreational trail in King County, Washington that runs along the Sammamish River from Blythe Park in Bothell to Marymoor Park in Redmond. It connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail at its north western end, and to the Redmond Central Connector at its south eastern end. The trail is paved for bicycle, inline-skate and pedestrian use and is paralleled for most of its length by an unpaved equestrian trail. It passes near the Chateau Ste. Michelle, Columbia and Silver Lake wineries", "id": "6886606" }, { "contents": "Snohomish County Centennial Trail\n\n\nintersection with Washington State Route 531 before the roadway continues north into Downtown Arlington after an underpass with Washington State Route 9. The route continues through Downtown Arlington along West Avenue before a former railroad trestle carries the trail across the Stillaguamish River and towards Bryant along Washington State Route 9. The Centennial Trail passes its final trailhead, the Nakashima Heritage Barn & Centennial Trail North, before ending at the Skagit County line south of Lake McMurray. The Centennial Trail runs on the right-of-way of the Sumas Branch of the former", "id": "1137624" }, { "contents": "Cape Haze Pioneer Trail\n\n\nThe Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway. The trail begins at the intersection of State Road 776 and Pinedale Drive in western Port Charlotte. It runs south along Pinedale Drive briefly before shifting east on to the former railroad corridor. It then proceeds south along the railroad corridor, passing near Rotonda West and crossing over Coral", "id": "14271713" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The Southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue E Northwest near the bus terminal and city hall. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida", "id": "9881595" }, { "contents": "Mill Towns Trail\n\n\nThe Mill Towns State Trail is a multi-use trail in development along the Cannon River. Currently a rail trail linking Northfield and Dundas, the trail is planned to extend southward to Faribault and eastward to Cannon Falls. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The", "id": "16299313" }, { "contents": "Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail is a paved 3.8 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the Blauvelt Free Library on Western Highway in the hamlet of Blauvelt, and ends at the intersection of Oak Tree Road in the hamlet of Tappan. The trail intersects the Old Erie Path at Depot Square in Sparkill. The trail follows the right-of-ways of two former railroads. From the southern trailhead in Tappan to Sparkill, it follows the Northern Branch", "id": "21704786" }, { "contents": "Bruce Vento Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Bruce Vento Regional Trail is a rail trail in the cities of Vadnais Heights, Gem Lake, Maplewood, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. The trail occupies an abandoned Burlington Northern Railroad corridor and intersects with the Gateway State Trail in Maplewood and continues to just east of Lake Phalen in Saint Paul. South of the lake, it continues along Phalen Boulevard and through Swede Hollow to its terminus near Seventh Street. Another spur off of Phalen Boulevard continues west, going over a long bridge that crosses very active railroad tracks", "id": "15151449" }, { "contents": "Terrace Mountain Trail\n\n\nPark (mile ); primitive camping is permitted in designated locations along the trail. The trail is marked with blue blazes and mileposts. Beginning at the south end of the lake near Weaver Falls, the first of the trail follows the old Tressler logging road onto the wooded slopes of Terrace Mountain. During a steep climb, you can stop for water at Putt's Boy Scout Camp (mile ). The trail continues through mature hardwood forest dominated by hickory, oak, and maple, with spectacular spring wildflowers. At mile", "id": "8808985" }, { "contents": "Paint Creek Trail\n\n\n1983 as the first rail trail in Michigan. The trail is in the right-of-way of the former Michigan Central Railroad and Penn Central Railroad lines. The original rail line was completed in 1872, and was in service until Penn Central's railroad operations were taken over by Conrail in 1976. The right-of-way was purchased by the Paint Creek Trail Commission in 1983 for $450,000. The trail will plan to start at Lake Orion, then stops at South Lake Orion, Goodison Orion Road, Goodison", "id": "11361335" }, { "contents": "Conewago Recreation Trail\n\n\nThe Conewago Recreation Trail is a public recreational rail trail that follows the once Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad rail corridor for a total of slightly over 5.0 miles. The trail stretches from Elizabethtown, PA to the Lebanon County Line, PA, at which point it links up to the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail which continues for another 15.0 miles. The Conewago Recreation Trail runs adjacent to the Conewago Creek running through quiet farmland and forested areas. Trail goers can enjoy walking, jogging, bicycling, horseback riding and other non-motorized recreational uses", "id": "3407872" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon\n\n\nrefers to a cafe in downtown Lake Wobegon called the \"Chatterbox Cafe\". There is a real cafe and gas station in Olivia by the same name. Olivia is in north-central Renville County. The Minnesota Rails and Trails project began creating the Lake Wobegon Trail in 1998. It now stretches from Waite Park, Minnesota just west of St. Cloud, to Freeport, Minnesota, where it forks; one trail heads northwest to Osakis, Minnesota, the other northeast to Holdingford, Minnesota and Bowlus, Minnesota, and on", "id": "12575406" }, { "contents": "Lake Bemidji State Park\n\n\ntrail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike. The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails. In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system", "id": "11692170" }, { "contents": "North Central State Trail\n\n\nThe North Central State Trail is a 62-mile (100 km) recreational rail trail serving a section of the northern quarter of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Following a route generally parallel to Interstate 75, the trail goes northward from the Michigan town of Gaylord to the top of the Lower Peninsula at Mackinaw City and connects to the North Western State Trail. It serves the towns of Vanderbilt, Indian River, and Cheboygan which connects to the Northeastern State Trail. The North Central State Trail occupies what was once", "id": "17921256" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nA short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along the former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail", "id": "19412295" }, { "contents": "Spruce Railroad Trail\n\n\nThe Spruce Railroad Trail (sometimes called Lake Crescent Trail) is a rail trail located on the shores of Lake Crescent about west of Port Angeles, Washington, and is part of the 134-mile-long Olympic Discovery Trail. The trail follows the former Port Angeles Western Railroad grade along the shores of Lake Crescent. Built during World War I for the Spruce Production Division to transport spruce from the western Olympic Peninsula for the aircraft industry, it was completed in 1919, a year too late for its intended purpose. The trail is", "id": "7465546" }, { "contents": "OC&E Woods Line State Trail\n\n\nThe OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir. Along its length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly. The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately . Beyond Olene, the trail surface is", "id": "11038009" }, { "contents": "Glacial Drumlin State Trail\n\n\nin the Southern Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Lake Kegonsa State Park, the Capital Springs State Recreation Area and at the Sandhill Station State Campground Snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowshoe hiking are permitted on the trail during the winter months. Snowmobiles are only permitted on the 39-mile limestone section of the trail but not on the paved asphalt section between Waukesha and Dousman. Snowmobiles must follow all Wisconsin snowmobile laws on this trail. Skiers and snowshoe hikers must share the trail with snowmobilers. Skiers and snowshoe hikers do", "id": "21208171" }, { "contents": "Hancock, Michigan\n\n\npartly in the city. The Jack Stevens Rail Trail runs through the city of Hancock and continues on 14 miles north to Calumet on a now-abandoned Soo Line Railroad grade. The Keweenaw Trail or Trail 3 is the main snowmobiling route to and from Houghton and Hancock, it connects to other nearby trails including the North and South Freda Trails which lead toward Lake Superior, and the Stevens Trail which goes to Calumet. Elementary-school students attend the Gordon Barkell Elementary School (formerly Hancock Elementary School), middle school students", "id": "17903027" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nThe West Orange Trail is a long multi-use rail trail owned by Orange County Parks and Recreation in Orange County, Florida, in the United States. The paved trail passes through downtown Oakland, Winter Garden, and Apopka with most of its length built on old railroad alignments. To the west of the West Orange Trail is the South Lake-Lake Minneola Scenic Trail in Lake County which was connected to the trail in 2007. There are four main stations on the West Orange Trail, each providing parking, restroom facilities", "id": "20145818" }, { "contents": "Meadowlands, Minnesota\n\n\n-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles. Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range. According to the United States Census", "id": "3264262" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nThe Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the", "id": "19539432" }, { "contents": "Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park\n\n\nThe Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States. The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is long, and averages wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from to , and total acreage", "id": "5023514" }, { "contents": "Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway)\n\n\nThe Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway) is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The", "id": "3548791" }, { "contents": "Badger State Trail\n\n\nThe Badger State Trail is a rail trail in south central Wisconsin. The trail leads from the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Madison passing through, from south to north, Monroe, Monticello, Belleville and Fitchburg. Near Monticello, the trail passes through the long, unlit Stewart Tunnel constructed in 1887. The trail was officially opened July 8, 2007. The main route of the trail follows a former rail line that was originally built by the Chicago, Madison and Northern Railroad and opened in 1887, with the first official", "id": "14059319" }, { "contents": "Rail trail\n\n\nwas developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. In Quebec, Le P'tit Train du Nord runs from Saint-Jérôme to Mont-Laurier. In Toronto, there are two rail trails, the Beltline Trail and the West Toronto Railpath. In central Ontario, the former Victoria Railway line, which runs from the town of Lindsay, Ontario, north to the village of Haliburton, in", "id": "12830745" }, { "contents": "Cheshire, Massachusetts\n\n\nserved by the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad. Most of the line was converted into the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail , an -long, , universally accessible, paved path connecting the Berkshire towns of Lanesborough, Cheshire, and Adams. The trail runs parallel to Route 8 and passes through woods and marshlands, and alongside a lake and a river, with wooded hills and Mount Greylock as a backdrop. The path and has become a popular resource for biking, walking, roller-blading, jogging, etc. The trail passes through the", "id": "21975354" }, { "contents": "Greene River Trail\n\n\nThe Greene River Trail is a non-motorized rail trail 60 miles south of Pittsburgh in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Greene River Trail runs along the banks of the Monongahela River as it winds through the former coal mining region of Greene County. The 5.2-mile trail begins in Millsboro at the Greene Cove Yacht Club, where the trail follows Ten Mile Creek for a quarter mile before turning upstream along the left (west) bank of the Monongahela River. The trail passes through Rices Landing and ends in Crucible. Plans call for the", "id": "14813403" }, { "contents": "Van Buren Trail State Park\n\n\nVan Buren Trail State Park, also known as Trail State Park, is an unimproved rail trail running along a former railroad right-of-way between Hartford, Michigan to South Haven, Michigan in Van Buren County. It is long and mostly used by horse trail riders in the summer and snowmobilers in the winter. Terrain is flat with farmland and trees. In 2004, Van Buren County took over operation of the state-owned trail after state budget problems. There is a trail pass system to pay for maintenance.", "id": "6257199" }, { "contents": "Banks–Vernonia State Trail\n\n\nThe Banks–Vernonia State Trail is a paved rail trail and state park in northwest Oregon in the United States. It runs for , primarily north–south, between the towns of Vernonia in Columbia County and Banks in Washington County on an abandoned railroad bed. Banks is about west of Portland. The wide trail is open to non-motorized uses such as hiking and biking. A wide horse trail parallels the hiking and biking trail. The rail trail crosses 12 bridges and the Buxton Trestle, a former railroad trestle bridge", "id": "6147760" }, { "contents": "Florida State Road 589\n\n\npart of the Suncoast Parkway project, a multi-use paved recreational trail called the Suncoast Trail was constructed parallel to the western side of the highway, and opened along with the Parkway itself in 2001. The trail begins at Lutz-Lake Fern Road (Exit 16), and continues north for 41 miles to the highway's terminus at US 98. Four miles north of State Road 54, an additional 6.5-mile paved bicycle trail connects the Suncoast Trail to the J. B. Starkey Wilderness Park in New Port Richey. Use of", "id": "12401397" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nSakatah Singing Hills State Trail is a paved multi-use rail trail connecting Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, US. It is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which converted it from a railroad line. The name derives from the Dakota people who lived in the region; \"Sakatah\" translates into \"singing hills\". It began as a snowmobile trail and is now shared by hikers, joggers and cross-country skiers. There are sections of parallel dirt trail for horseback riders but they are not continuous.", "id": "6829781" }, { "contents": "Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail that connects with the John Wayne Pioneer Trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road's Everett Branch (Cedar Falls-Everett, later shortened to Monroe, WA). The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall. The trail parallels the Cedar Falls Road before it heads east passing Rainbow Lake and down through the Boxley Creek drainage where a trestle bridge crosses a tributary of", "id": "18545106" }, { "contents": "Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail\n\n\npreserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007. Construction of a multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome. The eastern end of the pavement is Holloway RD in the Etoniah Creek State Forest. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)", "id": "7679575" }, { "contents": "Chippewa River State Trail\n\n\nChippewa River State Trail is a 26-mile urban-rural rail trail in western Wisconsin that follows the path of the Chippewa River. The trails runs from the spot of the confluence of the Chippewa with the Eau Claire River, at Phoenix Park in downtown Eau Claire to the town of Durand where it meets up with the Red Cedar State Trail. A former railroad corridor, the trail passes through a variety of habitat including wetlands, prairies, and sandstone bluff. The Chippewa River State Trail will eventually be part of the greater Chippewa", "id": "19531697" }, { "contents": "Thornapple Trail\n\n\nThe Thornapple Trail is the abbreviated name for the a partially completed Paul Henry-Thornapple Trail (rail trail) in west Michigan. The Middleville portion is being connected to the Kent County section which will eventually link to Kent Trails. When complete, the Paul Henry - Thornapple Trail will be a 42-mile multi-use recreation trail running from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Vermontville, Michigan. The trail was originally the Grand River Valley Railroad, constructed in 1868-69. Service on the line ended in 1983, after the state", "id": "8835070" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nWashington Parkway, the Army Corps of Engineers built an extension of the Four Mile Run Trail beneath them that connected the trail to the Mount Vernon Trail. Later that spring, more new sections of the trail opened, connecting it to the Washington & Old Dominion Trail. In 2009, a trail extension was completed near Shirlington that not only linked the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe", "id": "19539435" }, { "contents": "Oswego Recreational Trail\n\n\nThe Oswego County Recreation Trail is a multi-use rail trail in New York. The Oswego Recreational Trail actually comprises two trails which are separated by an on-road section. It follows the route of the former New York, Ontario and Western Railway, abandoned in 1957. The east portion runs from the city of Fulton's Maple Avenue to the village of Central Square, just short of Interstate 81. I-81 was built following the NYO&W abandonment and no provision was made to preserve the railroad right-of-way by", "id": "8745258" }, { "contents": "Van Cortlandt Park\n\n\nPutnam Trail (, easy), an unpaved trail, runs north through the woods to the east of this lawn and west of Van Cortlandt Lake, through the golf course and along Tibbetts Brook and the former New York and Putnam Railroad line into Yonkers, where it connects to Westchester County's paved South County Trailway. The rails themselves are overrun with weeds, but they are no longer usable by trains. The remains of the former Van Cortlandt Park station can be seen along the trail. As part of the park's", "id": "16188090" }, { "contents": "Orange Heritage Trailway\n\n\nThe Orange Heritage Trailway is a 14.5 mile rail trail in Orange County, New York, that runs along the roadbed of the Erie Railroad Main Line from Harriman to a point halfway between Goshen and Middletown, New York. The former Erie Railroad main line turns northwest at a junction and tracks terminate at the site of the now removed and demolished Nepera Chemical plant in the village of Harriman. The undeveloped roadbed continues approximately two miles through Harriman and Monroe. The paved trail begins in Harriman NY, although no trailhead exists in Harriman", "id": "14271335" }, { "contents": "Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)\n\n\nThe Rock Island Trail State Park is a long public rail trail in the west-central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2003. It passes through portions of Peoria and Stark counties. The southern end of the trail is currently located at Pioneer Parkway in north Peoria, Illinois, and the northern end is in Toulon, Illinois, the county seat of Stark County. The right-of-way served as a railroad line from 1871 to 1963, was unused in 1963", "id": "20557951" }, { "contents": "Prairie Spirit Trail State Park\n\n\nPrairie Spirit Trail State Park is a rail trail that is a Kansas State Park. The trail is built on the former right of way of the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad from Ottawa, Kansas, to Iola, Kansas. The trail runs 50 miles from its northern terminus at Ottawa, Kansas to its southern terminus at Iola, Kansas. The trail is open for use by hikers, joggers, and bicyclists year-round, from sunrise to sunset. This trail is paved with a hard-packed limestone screening outside", "id": "6599442" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nThe landscape is mostly cultivated land with remnant stands of prairie and Big Woods. The trail passes through Sakatah Lake State Park and runs through city streets in Waterville. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The route from Red Wing to Waterville was completed in 1882,", "id": "6829782" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nIt is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park.", "id": "19412294" }, { "contents": "Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes\n\n\nThe Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes is a rail trail in the northwest United States, in northern Idaho. It follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way from Mullan, a mountain mining town near the Montana border, westward to Plummer, a town on the prairie near the Washington Generally following the Coeur d'Alene River, the rail line was abandoned in 1991 and the trail officially opened in March 2004. The trail's route winds through the mountainous terrain of historic Silver Valley, into the chain lakes region, along", "id": "10102968" }, { "contents": "Northern Strand Community Trail\n\n\nprimarily runs along the Saugus Branch Railroad, a former branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The trail's right of way is leased from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for 99 years by the respective cities the trail passes through, except in Lynn; if Lynn approves the trail in their borders, they will likely sign a similar lease. Like many nearby rail-trails, these leases include a reversion clause should the right of way be deemed more useful for other transportation uses. The trail features a growing number of", "id": "19115050" }, { "contents": "Arrowhead State Trail\n\n\nThe Arrowhead State Trail is a recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota, USA, geared primarily for winter snowmobile use. It runs from an intersection with the Taconite State Trail west of Tower to an intersection with the Blue Ox Trail south of International Falls. In summer about are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, while the northern section is blocked by areas of wetness and standing water. The Arrowhead State Trail was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1974–75. It is managed by the Minnesota Department", "id": "15732221" }, { "contents": "Krushchev in Iowa Trail\n\n\nKrushchev in Iowa Trail is a planned rail trail running from Herndon, Iowa, to Coon Rapids, Iowa. It is a planned part of the American Discovery Trail. Originally known as the Corn Diplomacy Trail, the Krushchev in Iowa Trail is to be a paved recreational trail that runs through the counties of Guthrie and Carroll along an abandoned Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line. Planned trailheads A connection is planned at Herndon to the Raccoon River Valley Trail in Guthrie county. A connection is planned to Carroll, which is a terminus", "id": "4569009" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nwestern Loudoun County. Its route largely parallels the routes of the Potomac River and Virginia State Route 7 (VA Route 7). The trail connects at its origin to the paved Four Mile Run Trail, which travels eastward through Arlington along a stream embankment to meet the Mount Vernon Trail at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, near the Potomac River. The start of the trail is also accessible from the Shirlington exit (Exit 6) of Interstate 395 (I-395) (the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway). The trail parallels", "id": "21736689" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nat the trail's lowest elevation: above sea level. The trail climbs in while traveling northwest through Arlington County. While in Arlington, the trail ascends through the Atlantic Seaboard fall line while climbing upstream in the valley of Four Mile Run. The trail crosses the Run seven times in the valley on bridges whose abutments were constructed before the Civil War by the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, a predecessor of the W&OD Railroad. After crossing Columbia Pike (VA Route 244), the trail enters a steeply-sloped woodland", "id": "21736691" }, { "contents": "Columbia Trail\n\n\nof the Raritan River parallels the trail through the gorge, and is a scenic fast-flowing small river with recreational activities, especially fly fishing. A trestle carries the trail over the river in the gorge. There are few remnants of the former rail line along the trail, except for the occasional rotting railroad cross ties along the trail. There is a small section of track preserved in Califon and a small and rarely open museum dedicated to the rail line history is located in the preserved train station in the town center.", "id": "8728332" }, { "contents": "Monroe, Wisconsin\n\n\nto the city swimming pool; and Honey Creek Park, the site of a skate park. The city is the eastern starting point for the Cheese Country Trail, a 47-mile multi-purpose recreational path, and the Badger State Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian-only trail in summer and an ATV/snowmobile trail in winter. The \"Cheese Trail\" extends from Mineral Point to Monroe, while the Badger State Trail runs from the state line to Madison and connects to the Jane Addams Trail in Illinois. Both are former", "id": "17283013" }, { "contents": "Withlacoochee State Trail\n\n\nWithlacoochee State Trail is a long paved, multi-use, non-motorized rail trail in Florida located in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties. It follows along the Withlacoochee River and passes through the Withlacoochee State Forest. It is the longest paved rail trail in Florida. The original railroad line was formed sometime in the 1880s as the Inverness and Brooksville Railway. It connected with the Florida Northern Railroad in Citrus Springs and with the South Florida Railroad (SFR) in Dade City. In 1892, the Silver Springs, Ocala", "id": "16480832" }, { "contents": "Kal-Haven Trail\n\n\nthe parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped. The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding is allowed on", "id": "5253109" }, { "contents": "St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad\n\n\nfor a time. In 1978, local shippers took over the operation and it became the Lamoille Valley Railroad. In 1989, the line was leased to a Florida company and was operated by them until major flooding in 1995 and 1997 damaged the line so much that it was not profitable to repair the track. In 2002, the state of Vermont started converting the 96 mile route into a recreational trail and created the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. Milepost 0: St. Johnsbury interchange with Maine Central Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway. Milepost", "id": "688110" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nCumberland Valley Rail Trail (CVRT) is a National Recreation Trail rail trail that follows the former Cumberland Valley Railroad rail corridor for 9.5 miles, from Shippensburg to Newville, through the farmlands of western Cumberland County in south-central Pennsylvania. Historical significance The Cumberland Valley Railroad (CV) began service in the Cumberland Valley on the current CVRT corridor in 1837. In 1838 CV became the first railroad in the U.S. to offer overnight sleeping cars. Twenty years later, John Brown and his abolitionist compatriots traveled to Harpers Ferry on CV", "id": "19478189" }, { "contents": "Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail\n\n\nGainesville-Hawthorne State Trail is a rail trail in Florida. It is protected as a long Florida State Park and runs from the City of Gainesville's Boulware Springs Water Works to the town of Hawthorne. It passes through the Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park and the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area along a former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad line. The property was purchased by the state of Florida from CSX Transportation with money from the \"trails from rails\" program in late 1989. Activities include hiking, running, cycling, rollerblading, and", "id": "19673293" }, { "contents": "Summerset Trail\n\n\nThe Summerset Trail is a rail trail in Warren County in south-central Iowa in the United States. The trail is long and is paved with asphalt. It follows the route of an abandoned rail line between the cities of Carlisle at its northeastern end and Indianola at the southwest. The trail passes remnants of prairie, wetlands along the Middle River southwest of Carlisle, and woodlands north of Indianola. Trailheads are at Carlisle and Indianola, and at the trail's midpoint at Banner Lakes at Summerset State Park. The Carlisle trailhead", "id": "2470854" }, { "contents": "Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway\n\n\nwestern Washington lines remained in fairly heavy use until 1963. By 1970, most of the line was acquired by Burlington Northern Railway which filed to abandon the lines a year later in 1971. Seven years later, in 1978, the between Gas Works Park in Seattle and Tracy Owen Station in Kenmore was reopened as the Burke-Gilman Trail bike path and recreational rail trail, named after the leaders of the group that founded the railroad, Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman. The bike path and rail trail has been extended along the", "id": "17373452" }, { "contents": "Spokane River Centennial Trail\n\n\nThe Spokane River Centennial Trail is a paved trail in Eastern Washington for alternate transportation and recreational use. It is managed by Washington State Parks as the Spokane River Centennial State Park Trail. The trail extends from Sontag Park in Nine Mile Falls, Washington to the Washington/Idaho border. It passes through the cities of Spokane, Washington, Spokane Valley, Washington, Liberty Lake, Washington and the unincorporated community of Spokane Bridge, before crossing under the Interstate 90 Spokane River Bridge—traveling through Kootenai County, Idaho for approximately —", "id": "4618637" }, { "contents": "Wallkill Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Wallkill Valley Rail Trail is a rail trail and linear park that runs along the former Wallkill Valley Railroad rail corridor in Ulster County, New York. It stretches from Gardiner through New Paltz, Rosendale, and Ulster to the Kingston city line. The trail is separated from the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail by two state prisons in Shawangunk, though there have been plans to bypass these facilities, and to connect the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail with other regional rail trails. The northern section of the trail forms part of the proposed", "id": "12405545" }, { "contents": "Folsom Lake State Recreation Area\n\n\nmonths when school is still in session, evenings and weekends are the times of highest lake activity. There are 95 miles of trail at Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. These trails are used by hiker, bicyclists, runners, and horseback riders. A portion of the Western States/ Pioneer Express Trail between Sacramento and Carson City, Nevada also runs through the park. A paved bicycle trail loops around Lake Natoma, linking to Beals Point and the American River Bike Trail. Native Americans of the Maidu or Nisenan tribe inhabited the land", "id": "20827159" }, { "contents": "Zim Smith Trail\n\n\nThe Zim Smith Trail is the main multi-use trail of a network of trails in Saratoga County, New York. Extending nine miles, it connects the towns of Halfmoon, Clifton Park, Round Lake Village, Malta and Ballston Spa. It is the only trail in New York state to be designated a national recreation trail by the U.S. Department of Interior and National Park Service. The trail starts at Oak Street in Ballston Spa and runs through Malta's Shenantaha Creek Park. From there the trail passes under Interstate 87,", "id": "12911745" }, { "contents": "Old Erie Path\n\n\nThe Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking. The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad", "id": "21704717" }, { "contents": "Goodhue Pioneer State Trail\n\n\nThe Goodhue Pioneer State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in southeastern Minnesota, USA. The of trail currently exist in two segments, separated by a gap. The northern segment is a paved trail running from Red Wing, Minnesota, to the Hay Creek section of the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest near Hay Creek Township. The southern section is a natural-surface trail running northward from the Zumbrota Covered Bridge Park in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The trail corridor follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway segment that", "id": "13493095" }, { "contents": "Hank Aaron State Trail\n\n\nThe Hank Aaron State Trail is a 14-mile rail trail in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The trail is named for former Milwaukee Braves and Milwaukee Brewers right fielder Hank Aaron, and was built on a former roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. The trail begins on the shore of Lake Michigan in Lakeshore State Park (). The trail travels west through Milwaukee, passing by the Harley-Davidson Museum, Potawatomi Hotel & Casino, Miller Park, and the Wisconsin State Fair Park. The trail ends", "id": "9082958" }, { "contents": "Clive Greenbelt Trail\n\n\nClive Greenbelt Trail is an urban recreational trail in Clive, Iowa and forms part of the Central Iowa Trails network. This very busy recreational trail runs through Polk and Dallas Counties in Iowa. It is a curvy, paved asphalt and concrete trail. The trail begins at 73rd Street and Walnut Creek at the Walmart in Windsor Heights. It meanders along the north bank of Walnut Creek for to Country Club Blvd. Between the Lake Country Club dam and 142nd Street, the trail is on the street near the northshore of Lake Country", "id": "5561819" }, { "contents": "Fort Fraser Trail\n\n\nThe Fort Fraser Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Bartow to Lakeland. It runs along a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that once ran from Lakeland to Naples. The Southern terminus of the trail can be accessed from North Wilson Avenue in Bartow, immediately North of Tractor Supply Company. The Northern terminus is at the entrance to the Polk State College (Lakeland) campus in Lakeland. A paved extension of the trail runs to the Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland, a park run by Polk County", "id": "9622262" }, { "contents": "High Trestle Trail\n\n\nHigh Trestle Trail is a rail trail running from Ankeny to Woodward in central Iowa. The recreation trail opened on April 30, 2011. It is a paved recreational trail that runs through the Polk, Story, Boone, and Dallas counties. The trail's name is derived from a former 1913 bridge that spanned the Des Moines River between the towns of Madrid and Woodward. Conservation board directors and the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation estimate that more than 3,000 people use this trail each week. The trail is a major component of a", "id": "10959275" }, { "contents": "Cannon Valley Trail\n\n\nThe Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing. Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW", "id": "19411630" }, { "contents": "Dutchess Rail Trail\n\n\nwas double tracked, allowing for a simultaneous paved and packed dirt trail. In January 2012, a 1-mile stretch of property was purchased from CSX Transportation. An effort was made to develop this stretch of property in 2013, resulting in connections with Walkway Over the Hudson and the Hudson Valley Rail Trail. The railroad line was built in 1892 by the Central New England Railway; it was severed by a fire on the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974. Dutchess County originally purchased the Maybrook Line to build a limited access highway to Interstate 84", "id": "1685096" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Central Lakes State Trail is a paved recreational rail trail in central Minnesota, USA, running along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail is marked with mileposts every mile, corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad line. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The trail begins in Osakis at the western end of the Lake Wobegon Trail and runs parallel to Interstate 94 before ending in Fergus Falls. This trail passes through the towns of Nelson, Alexandria, Garfield, Brandon,", "id": "8504440" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The main trail is a trail along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line, beginning near milepost 81 in St. Joseph and ending near milepost 130 in Osakis. This trail runs parallel to I-94. The trail", "id": "7951626" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\npasses through the cities of Avon, Albany, Freeport, Melrose, Sauk Centre, and West Union. Beyond Osakis, the trail continues as the Central Lakes Trail. These two trails form a continuous trail from St. Joseph to Fergus Falls. The extension trail intersects near milepost 97 of the main trail in Albany. The extension trail is a trail along a former Soo Line Railroad line, beginning near milepost 131 in Albany passing through Albany, Krain and Holding Townships and ending northeast of Holdingford at approx. milepost 143.5, passing", "id": "7951627" }, { "contents": "Heartland State Trail\n\n\nThe Heartland State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, USA. It runs between Park Rapids and Cass Lake, intersecting with the Paul Bunyan State Trail around Walker. The entire route is paved, with a parallel grass trackway along the southern half for horseback riding and mountain biking. The northern half of the trail has some parallel trackway for snowmobiles. A segment north of Walker traverses very hilly terrain to appeal to snowmobilers; other users can follow a marked alternate route on paved road shoulders", "id": "18296395" }, { "contents": "Glacial Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Glacial Lakes State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in south-central Minnesota, USA. Developed from a former Burlington Northern Railroad grade, it traverses a landscape of lakes and gently rolling hills formed 10,000 years ago during the last glacial period. The trail currently extends from outside Willmar through the communities of Spicer, New London, and Hawick to the North Fork Crow River. Beyond that the undeveloped railbed is open for some recreational uses for another through the city of Richmond, but some of the original railroad", "id": "17680490" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run\n\n\nFour Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved non-motorized transport and recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail. In Arlington, the stream passes from the Piedmont through the Fall Line to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in a deep forested valley. The stream's eastern section", "id": "19376418" }, { "contents": "Agassiz Recreational Trail\n\n\nAgassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, USA, between Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the naturally surfaced trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The Agassiz Recreational Trail was converted from an abandoned rail bed running parallel to state highways 32 and 102. It passes through the following towns (in", "id": "14209427" }, { "contents": "Erie Lackawanna Trail\n\n\nErie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail in located in Lake County, Indiana which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of . The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in", "id": "21971553" }, { "contents": "Paul Bunyan State Trail\n\n\nThe Paul Bunyan State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, United States, running between the cities of Brainerd and Bemidji. Named after the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan of American folklore, the trail is the longest continuously paved trail in the United States. The route was part of the Burlington Northern Railroad lines abandoned in 1983. The trail currently covers a distance of . The southern extension, completed in 2012, moved the southern terminus to Crow Wing State Park. The route through Bemidji currently", "id": "15010231" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon is a 26.2 mile foot race from Holdingford, Minnesota, to St. Joseph, Minnesota, on a paved trail called the Lake Wobegon Trail. The course is USATF-certified, making it a qualifying race for the Boston Marathon. The race is sponsored and organized by the St. Cloud River Runners, a running group active since 1983 with about 150 members. The flat, straight course is run on a blacktop trail converted from freight rail lines. After starting at the high school in Holdingford, the", "id": "8840283" }, { "contents": "Yelm–Tenino Trail\n\n\nThe Yelm–Tenino Trail is a rail trail located in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The long cycling and walking trail has been constructed along the route of a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail runs parallel to State Route 507 and intersects with the Chehalis Western Trail. Trailheads are located at the trail termini in the towns of Yelm and Tenino as well as in the town of Rainier. The trail is used by bicyclists participating in the annual Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic as they ride from Yelm to Tenino", "id": "3903345" }, { "contents": "Northern Rail Trail (New Hampshire)\n\n\nThe Northern Recreational Rail Trail, also known as the Northern Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail trail in western New Hampshire, USA, running from Lebanon to Boscawen. It uses the right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad's former Northern Line, which was acquired by the State of New Hampshire in 1996. The trail is managed by the New Hampshire Bureau of Trails. The Northern Railroad built this line from Concord to White River Junction, Vermont, in 1847. The Boston-based investors", "id": "10109519" }, { "contents": "Little Valley, New York\n\n\nand Ellicottville. County Routes 5 and 14 start in the northwest corner of the town and head toward New Albion and East Otto, respectively. The Pat McGee Trail, a hiking and snowmobile rail trail that follows the path of the now-removed railroad, runs through the town parallel to Route 353. The Conservation Trail, a subset of the Finger Lakes Trail (itself a subset of the North Country Trail), passes through the town connecting the state forests therein; the two trails share a roughly one-mile wrong", "id": "16894285" }, { "contents": "Taconite State Trail\n\n\nThe Taconite State Trail extends 165 miles from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota and intersects the Arrowhead State Trail west of Lake Vermilion. On the Grand Rapids end, the trail is paved for the first 6 miles for in-line skating and biking. The rest of the trail is natural surface used primarily in the winter months for snowmobiling. In the summer, several areas contain standing water, but some areas are suitable for horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking Taconite State Trail is a scenic experience twisting through", "id": "11590151" }, { "contents": "Ashuwillticook Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Ashuwillticook Rail Trail is a former railroad corridor converted into a paved, universally accessible, scenic rail trail path. The Ashuwillticook (ash-oo-will-ti-cook) Rail Trail runs parallel to Route 8 through the towns of Cheshire, Lanesborough and Adams, Massachusetts and is used for biking, walking, roller-blading, and jogging. The trail is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Its first two phases opened in 2001 and 2004, with a 1.2-mile northerly extension opening", "id": "6836871" }, { "contents": "Onondaga Lake Park\n\n\nuses (strollers, children's bicycles with training wheels, tricycles and wheel chair users) are also permitted on this trail which is not plowed in the winter. The West Shore Trail is long from where it connects to the East Shore Recreation Trail at its most western end to its most eastern end off Exit 7 of Interstate 690. Located along the western shore of Onondaga Lake, this paved trail meanders through over 4.5 miles (ca. 7 km) of woodlands and open areas. It is used by bicyclists, walkers", "id": "8426451" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nMinnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve.", "id": "19412293" }, { "contents": "Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail (TCB), the official name of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR) Trail, is a rail trail that runs along an abandoned railroad corridor where the Northern Central Railway once operated. The trail extends 20 miles from Ashland Road in Cockeysville, Maryland to the boundary with Pennsylvania. At the Pennsylvania line, the Torrey C. Brown Trail becomes the York County Heritage Rail Trail (part of BicyclePA Route J) and continues to the city of York. The trail is wide with a stone dust", "id": "1111662" }, { "contents": "Central Massachusetts Railroad\n\n\ntowns along the former Wheelwright Branch exhibited similar enthusiasm for recreational trails along the property. In March 1985 with support from the local governments and regional planning agency the state purchased 10 miles of the line between the west end of the Connecticut River Bridge in Northampton and Amherst with the intent to convert it into a rail trail. Work began in 1992 and on July 29, 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management officially opened the Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail. By 1997 the trail extended as far as Belchertown where progress halted due to a", "id": "17724305" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nHeading east, all distances on the trail are measured from the Killarney Station which is the Mile zero marker. There is a mile marker every to mark your location at the trail, useful during emergencies. The trail runs east towards downtown Oakland over the former Orange Belt Railway where it crosses the Florida Turnpike on a converted railroad bridge. The path passes through the Oakland Nature Preserve on the way through downtown Oakland (Mile 2) where there is an outpost. From Oakland to Winter Garden, the Orange Belt Railway and the", "id": "20145820" }, { "contents": "Panhandle Pathway\n\n\nThe Panhandle Pathway is a rail to trail conversion in north central Indiana, United States. It is currently about 21 miles long and runs along the former Pennsylvania Railroad Panhandle line. At the north, the trail begins in the town of Winamac, Indiana, and closely parallels U.S. Highway 35 toward its south terminus in Kenneth, west of Logansport, Indiana. As of August 2015, the trail is accessible from parking areas in Winamac, Star City, and Royal Center. The pathway has a trailhead near its south terminus at", "id": "11518683" }, { "contents": "Columbia Plateau Trail\n\n\nconstructed by the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway Company in the early 1900s. That line's successor, the Burlington Northern Company, abandoned the line in 1987, paving the way for the state to acquire 130 miles of right-of-way, from milepost 235.0 near East Pasco to milepost 365.0 near South Cheney, in 1991. State Park management began in 1992. Standing remnants of the trail's railroad past include the historic Burr Canyon trestle built in 1908. The northern portion of the trail passes through a habitat", "id": "1634738" }, { "contents": "Bugline Trail\n\n\nThe Bugline Recreation Trail is a paved 16-mile trail located on the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and Pacific Railroad right-of-way in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. The trail stretches between Appleton Ave (Wisconsin Highway 175) in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States to just east of North Lake in the Town of Merton. A separate 4-foot-wide bridle trail adjacent to the original 8-foot-wide recreation trail extends 2.5 miles from The Ranch in Menomonee Falls to Menomonee Park where it joins the Park bridle trails", "id": "14315703" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nthrough Holdingford. This bicycle trail continues beyond milepost 143.5 as the Soo Line Trail, crossing the Mississippi River at the Blanchard Dam, changing from asphalt to gravel at U.S. 10 south of Little Falls, and extending to Onamia. The Soo Line Trail traverses Morrison County and Mille Lacs County. The extension is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota, located near Holdingford. The Saintly Seven is a completed 7 mile extension to bring the trail from St. Joseph all the way into Waite Park and Saint Cloud. The extension allows", "id": "7951628" }, { "contents": "Harlem Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Harlem Valley Rail Trail is a paved rail trail on an abandoned portion of the New York and Harlem Railroad, north of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Line terminus in Wassaic. It is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). It is maintained through an agreement between OPRHP, Dutchess County and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association. The former New York and Harlem main line was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1864, and became part of Penn Central Railroad", "id": "13113184" }, { "contents": "Mesabi Trail\n\n\nThe Mesabi Trail is a 132-mile paved bicycle trail running from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota. As of 2016, the trail is still under construction with approximately 25 miles of trail incomplete. The trail goes through the many small towns along it, such as Marble, Keewatin, Hibbing, Mountain Iron, Virginia, and Gilbert. Much of the trail runs along abandoned railroad grade. Since 2005, the Mesabi Trail has hosted a long bike ride every year in mid-August. Each stop (usually at a", "id": "3828941" }, { "contents": "Hayward, Wisconsin\n\n\nlocated, has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along existing county forest logging roads is permitted. There are 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails for winter use and 80.8 miles designated for summer use. State owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest", "id": "17383849" }, { "contents": "Great Western Trail (Iowa)\n\n\nThe Great Western Trail is a rail trail in the Des Moines metropolitan area south-central Iowa, United States. The trails is long and paved with asphalt. The trail follows the route of an abandoned line of the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, constructed in 1899 and last operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It runs between southwestern Des Moines at its north end and Martensdale at the south, passing through suburban areas, Willow Creek Golf Course, fields and farmland, and the wooded valley of", "id": "2371209" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail, Nova Scotia\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Beechville to Fairview. The trail is named for the Chain Lakes along which the trail runs. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg. They are part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route, a planned 3,000 kilometer cycling trail system. The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South", "id": "12562229" }, { "contents": "York County Heritage Rail Trail\n\n\nHeritage Rail Trail County Park is a National Recreation Trail rail-with-trail in Pennsylvania built in 1999 by the York County Rail Trail Authority (YCRTA). It connects with the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Maryland. The trail runs along the active Northern Central Railway line and forms the southernmost part of Route J in the BicyclePA route system. The York County Heritage Rail Trail is located along railroad tracks built during the nineteenth century as part of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR). The NCR was an important link", "id": "16256720" }, { "contents": "Sammamish River Trail\n\n\nThe Sammamish River Trail is a bike path and recreational trail in King County, Washington that runs along the Sammamish River from Blythe Park in Bothell to Marymoor Park in Redmond. It connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail at its north western end, and to the Redmond Central Connector at its south eastern end. The trail is paved for bicycle, inline-skate and pedestrian use and is paralleled for most of its length by an unpaved equestrian trail. It passes near the Chateau Ste. Michelle, Columbia and Silver Lake wineries", "id": "6886606" }, { "contents": "Snohomish County Centennial Trail\n\n\nintersection with Washington State Route 531 before the roadway continues north into Downtown Arlington after an underpass with Washington State Route 9. The route continues through Downtown Arlington along West Avenue before a former railroad trestle carries the trail across the Stillaguamish River and towards Bryant along Washington State Route 9. The Centennial Trail passes its final trailhead, the Nakashima Heritage Barn & Centennial Trail North, before ending at the Skagit County line south of Lake McMurray. The Centennial Trail runs on the right-of-way of the Sumas Branch of the former", "id": "1137624" }, { "contents": "Cape Haze Pioneer Trail\n\n\nThe Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway. The trail begins at the intersection of State Road 776 and Pinedale Drive in western Port Charlotte. It runs south along Pinedale Drive briefly before shifting east on to the former railroad corridor. It then proceeds south along the railroad corridor, passing near Rotonda West and crossing over Coral", "id": "14271713" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The Southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue E Northwest near the bus terminal and city hall. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida", "id": "9881595" }, { "contents": "Mill Towns Trail\n\n\nThe Mill Towns State Trail is a multi-use trail in development along the Cannon River. Currently a rail trail linking Northfield and Dundas, the trail is planned to extend southward to Faribault and eastward to Cannon Falls. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The", "id": "16299313" }, { "contents": "Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail is a paved 3.8 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the Blauvelt Free Library on Western Highway in the hamlet of Blauvelt, and ends at the intersection of Oak Tree Road in the hamlet of Tappan. The trail intersects the Old Erie Path at Depot Square in Sparkill. The trail follows the right-of-ways of two former railroads. From the southern trailhead in Tappan to Sparkill, it follows the Northern Branch", "id": "21704786" }, { "contents": "Bruce Vento Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Bruce Vento Regional Trail is a rail trail in the cities of Vadnais Heights, Gem Lake, Maplewood, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. The trail occupies an abandoned Burlington Northern Railroad corridor and intersects with the Gateway State Trail in Maplewood and continues to just east of Lake Phalen in Saint Paul. South of the lake, it continues along Phalen Boulevard and through Swede Hollow to its terminus near Seventh Street. Another spur off of Phalen Boulevard continues west, going over a long bridge that crosses very active railroad tracks", "id": "15151449" }, { "contents": "Terrace Mountain Trail\n\n\nPark (mile ); primitive camping is permitted in designated locations along the trail. The trail is marked with blue blazes and mileposts. Beginning at the south end of the lake near Weaver Falls, the first of the trail follows the old Tressler logging road onto the wooded slopes of Terrace Mountain. During a steep climb, you can stop for water at Putt's Boy Scout Camp (mile ). The trail continues through mature hardwood forest dominated by hickory, oak, and maple, with spectacular spring wildflowers. At mile", "id": "8808985" }, { "contents": "Paint Creek Trail\n\n\n1983 as the first rail trail in Michigan. The trail is in the right-of-way of the former Michigan Central Railroad and Penn Central Railroad lines. The original rail line was completed in 1872, and was in service until Penn Central's railroad operations were taken over by Conrail in 1976. The right-of-way was purchased by the Paint Creek Trail Commission in 1983 for $450,000. The trail will plan to start at Lake Orion, then stops at South Lake Orion, Goodison Orion Road, Goodison", "id": "11361335" }, { "contents": "Conewago Recreation Trail\n\n\nThe Conewago Recreation Trail is a public recreational rail trail that follows the once Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad rail corridor for a total of slightly over 5.0 miles. The trail stretches from Elizabethtown, PA to the Lebanon County Line, PA, at which point it links up to the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail which continues for another 15.0 miles. The Conewago Recreation Trail runs adjacent to the Conewago Creek running through quiet farmland and forested areas. Trail goers can enjoy walking, jogging, bicycling, horseback riding and other non-motorized recreational uses", "id": "3407872" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon\n\n\nrefers to a cafe in downtown Lake Wobegon called the \"Chatterbox Cafe\". There is a real cafe and gas station in Olivia by the same name. Olivia is in north-central Renville County. The Minnesota Rails and Trails project began creating the Lake Wobegon Trail in 1998. It now stretches from Waite Park, Minnesota just west of St. Cloud, to Freeport, Minnesota, where it forks; one trail heads northwest to Osakis, Minnesota, the other northeast to Holdingford, Minnesota and Bowlus, Minnesota, and on", "id": "12575406" }, { "contents": "Lake Bemidji State Park\n\n\ntrail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike. The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails. In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system", "id": "11692170" }, { "contents": "North Central State Trail\n\n\nThe North Central State Trail is a 62-mile (100 km) recreational rail trail serving a section of the northern quarter of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Following a route generally parallel to Interstate 75, the trail goes northward from the Michigan town of Gaylord to the top of the Lower Peninsula at Mackinaw City and connects to the North Western State Trail. It serves the towns of Vanderbilt, Indian River, and Cheboygan which connects to the Northeastern State Trail. The North Central State Trail occupies what was once", "id": "17921256" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nA short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along the former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail", "id": "19412295" }, { "contents": "Spruce Railroad Trail\n\n\nThe Spruce Railroad Trail (sometimes called Lake Crescent Trail) is a rail trail located on the shores of Lake Crescent about west of Port Angeles, Washington, and is part of the 134-mile-long Olympic Discovery Trail. The trail follows the former Port Angeles Western Railroad grade along the shores of Lake Crescent. Built during World War I for the Spruce Production Division to transport spruce from the western Olympic Peninsula for the aircraft industry, it was completed in 1919, a year too late for its intended purpose. The trail is", "id": "7465546" }, { "contents": "OC&E Woods Line State Trail\n\n\nThe OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir. Along its length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly. The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately . Beyond Olene, the trail surface is", "id": "11038009" }, { "contents": "Glacial Drumlin State Trail\n\n\nin the Southern Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Lake Kegonsa State Park, the Capital Springs State Recreation Area and at the Sandhill Station State Campground Snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowshoe hiking are permitted on the trail during the winter months. Snowmobiles are only permitted on the 39-mile limestone section of the trail but not on the paved asphalt section between Waukesha and Dousman. Snowmobiles must follow all Wisconsin snowmobile laws on this trail. Skiers and snowshoe hikers must share the trail with snowmobilers. Skiers and snowshoe hikers do", "id": "21208171" }, { "contents": "Hancock, Michigan\n\n\npartly in the city. The Jack Stevens Rail Trail runs through the city of Hancock and continues on 14 miles north to Calumet on a now-abandoned Soo Line Railroad grade. The Keweenaw Trail or Trail 3 is the main snowmobiling route to and from Houghton and Hancock, it connects to other nearby trails including the North and South Freda Trails which lead toward Lake Superior, and the Stevens Trail which goes to Calumet. Elementary-school students attend the Gordon Barkell Elementary School (formerly Hancock Elementary School), middle school students", "id": "17903027" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nThe West Orange Trail is a long multi-use rail trail owned by Orange County Parks and Recreation in Orange County, Florida, in the United States. The paved trail passes through downtown Oakland, Winter Garden, and Apopka with most of its length built on old railroad alignments. To the west of the West Orange Trail is the South Lake-Lake Minneola Scenic Trail in Lake County which was connected to the trail in 2007. There are four main stations on the West Orange Trail, each providing parking, restroom facilities", "id": "20145818" }, { "contents": "Meadowlands, Minnesota\n\n\n-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles. Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range. According to the United States Census", "id": "3264262" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nThe Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the", "id": "19539432" }, { "contents": "Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park\n\n\nThe Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States. The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is long, and averages wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from to , and total acreage", "id": "5023514" }, { "contents": "Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway)\n\n\nThe Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway) is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The", "id": "3548791" }, { "contents": "Badger State Trail\n\n\nThe Badger State Trail is a rail trail in south central Wisconsin. The trail leads from the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Madison passing through, from south to north, Monroe, Monticello, Belleville and Fitchburg. Near Monticello, the trail passes through the long, unlit Stewart Tunnel constructed in 1887. The trail was officially opened July 8, 2007. The main route of the trail follows a former rail line that was originally built by the Chicago, Madison and Northern Railroad and opened in 1887, with the first official", "id": "14059319" }, { "contents": "Rail trail\n\n\nwas developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. In Quebec, Le P'tit Train du Nord runs from Saint-Jérôme to Mont-Laurier. In Toronto, there are two rail trails, the Beltline Trail and the West Toronto Railpath. In central Ontario, the former Victoria Railway line, which runs from the town of Lindsay, Ontario, north to the village of Haliburton, in", "id": "12830745" }, { "contents": "Cheshire, Massachusetts\n\n\nserved by the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad. Most of the line was converted into the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail , an -long, , universally accessible, paved path connecting the Berkshire towns of Lanesborough, Cheshire, and Adams. The trail runs parallel to Route 8 and passes through woods and marshlands, and alongside a lake and a river, with wooded hills and Mount Greylock as a backdrop. The path and has become a popular resource for biking, walking, roller-blading, jogging, etc. The trail passes through the", "id": "21975354" }, { "contents": "Greene River Trail\n\n\nThe Greene River Trail is a non-motorized rail trail 60 miles south of Pittsburgh in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Greene River Trail runs along the banks of the Monongahela River as it winds through the former coal mining region of Greene County. The 5.2-mile trail begins in Millsboro at the Greene Cove Yacht Club, where the trail follows Ten Mile Creek for a quarter mile before turning upstream along the left (west) bank of the Monongahela River. The trail passes through Rices Landing and ends in Crucible. Plans call for the", "id": "14813403" }, { "contents": "Van Buren Trail State Park\n\n\nVan Buren Trail State Park, also known as Trail State Park, is an unimproved rail trail running along a former railroad right-of-way between Hartford, Michigan to South Haven, Michigan in Van Buren County. It is long and mostly used by horse trail riders in the summer and snowmobilers in the winter. Terrain is flat with farmland and trees. In 2004, Van Buren County took over operation of the state-owned trail after state budget problems. There is a trail pass system to pay for maintenance.", "id": "6257199" }, { "contents": "Banks–Vernonia State Trail\n\n\nThe Banks–Vernonia State Trail is a paved rail trail and state park in northwest Oregon in the United States. It runs for , primarily north–south, between the towns of Vernonia in Columbia County and Banks in Washington County on an abandoned railroad bed. Banks is about west of Portland. The wide trail is open to non-motorized uses such as hiking and biking. A wide horse trail parallels the hiking and biking trail. The rail trail crosses 12 bridges and the Buxton Trestle, a former railroad trestle bridge", "id": "6147760" }, { "contents": "Florida State Road 589\n\n\npart of the Suncoast Parkway project, a multi-use paved recreational trail called the Suncoast Trail was constructed parallel to the western side of the highway, and opened along with the Parkway itself in 2001. The trail begins at Lutz-Lake Fern Road (Exit 16), and continues north for 41 miles to the highway's terminus at US 98. Four miles north of State Road 54, an additional 6.5-mile paved bicycle trail connects the Suncoast Trail to the J. B. Starkey Wilderness Park in New Port Richey. Use of", "id": "12401397" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nSakatah Singing Hills State Trail is a paved multi-use rail trail connecting Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, US. It is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which converted it from a railroad line. The name derives from the Dakota people who lived in the region; \"Sakatah\" translates into \"singing hills\". It began as a snowmobile trail and is now shared by hikers, joggers and cross-country skiers. There are sections of parallel dirt trail for horseback riders but they are not continuous.", "id": "6829781" }, { "contents": "Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail that connects with the John Wayne Pioneer Trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road's Everett Branch (Cedar Falls-Everett, later shortened to Monroe, WA). The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall. The trail parallels the Cedar Falls Road before it heads east passing Rainbow Lake and down through the Boxley Creek drainage where a trestle bridge crosses a tributary of", "id": "18545106" }, { "contents": "Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail\n\n\npreserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007. Construction of a multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome. The eastern end of the pavement is Holloway RD in the Etoniah Creek State Forest. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)", "id": "7679575" }, { "contents": "Chippewa River State Trail\n\n\nChippewa River State Trail is a 26-mile urban-rural rail trail in western Wisconsin that follows the path of the Chippewa River. The trails runs from the spot of the confluence of the Chippewa with the Eau Claire River, at Phoenix Park in downtown Eau Claire to the town of Durand where it meets up with the Red Cedar State Trail. A former railroad corridor, the trail passes through a variety of habitat including wetlands, prairies, and sandstone bluff. The Chippewa River State Trail will eventually be part of the greater Chippewa", "id": "19531697" }, { "contents": "Thornapple Trail\n\n\nThe Thornapple Trail is the abbreviated name for the a partially completed Paul Henry-Thornapple Trail (rail trail) in west Michigan. The Middleville portion is being connected to the Kent County section which will eventually link to Kent Trails. When complete, the Paul Henry - Thornapple Trail will be a 42-mile multi-use recreation trail running from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Vermontville, Michigan. The trail was originally the Grand River Valley Railroad, constructed in 1868-69. Service on the line ended in 1983, after the state", "id": "8835070" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nWashington Parkway, the Army Corps of Engineers built an extension of the Four Mile Run Trail beneath them that connected the trail to the Mount Vernon Trail. Later that spring, more new sections of the trail opened, connecting it to the Washington & Old Dominion Trail. In 2009, a trail extension was completed near Shirlington that not only linked the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe", "id": "19539435" }, { "contents": "Oswego Recreational Trail\n\n\nThe Oswego County Recreation Trail is a multi-use rail trail in New York. The Oswego Recreational Trail actually comprises two trails which are separated by an on-road section. It follows the route of the former New York, Ontario and Western Railway, abandoned in 1957. The east portion runs from the city of Fulton's Maple Avenue to the village of Central Square, just short of Interstate 81. I-81 was built following the NYO&W abandonment and no provision was made to preserve the railroad right-of-way by", "id": "8745258" }, { "contents": "Van Cortlandt Park\n\n\nPutnam Trail (, easy), an unpaved trail, runs north through the woods to the east of this lawn and west of Van Cortlandt Lake, through the golf course and along Tibbetts Brook and the former New York and Putnam Railroad line into Yonkers, where it connects to Westchester County's paved South County Trailway. The rails themselves are overrun with weeds, but they are no longer usable by trains. The remains of the former Van Cortlandt Park station can be seen along the trail. As part of the park's", "id": "16188090" }, { "contents": "Orange Heritage Trailway\n\n\nThe Orange Heritage Trailway is a 14.5 mile rail trail in Orange County, New York, that runs along the roadbed of the Erie Railroad Main Line from Harriman to a point halfway between Goshen and Middletown, New York. The former Erie Railroad main line turns northwest at a junction and tracks terminate at the site of the now removed and demolished Nepera Chemical plant in the village of Harriman. The undeveloped roadbed continues approximately two miles through Harriman and Monroe. The paved trail begins in Harriman NY, although no trailhead exists in Harriman", "id": "14271335" }, { "contents": "Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)\n\n\nThe Rock Island Trail State Park is a long public rail trail in the west-central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2003. It passes through portions of Peoria and Stark counties. The southern end of the trail is currently located at Pioneer Parkway in north Peoria, Illinois, and the northern end is in Toulon, Illinois, the county seat of Stark County. The right-of-way served as a railroad line from 1871 to 1963, was unused in 1963", "id": "20557951" }, { "contents": "Prairie Spirit Trail State Park\n\n\nPrairie Spirit Trail State Park is a rail trail that is a Kansas State Park. The trail is built on the former right of way of the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad from Ottawa, Kansas, to Iola, Kansas. The trail runs 50 miles from its northern terminus at Ottawa, Kansas to its southern terminus at Iola, Kansas. The trail is open for use by hikers, joggers, and bicyclists year-round, from sunrise to sunset. This trail is paved with a hard-packed limestone screening outside", "id": "6599442" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nThe landscape is mostly cultivated land with remnant stands of prairie and Big Woods. The trail passes through Sakatah Lake State Park and runs through city streets in Waterville. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The route from Red Wing to Waterville was completed in 1882,", "id": "6829782" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nIt is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park.", "id": "19412294" }, { "contents": "Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes\n\n\nThe Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes is a rail trail in the northwest United States, in northern Idaho. It follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way from Mullan, a mountain mining town near the Montana border, westward to Plummer, a town on the prairie near the Washington Generally following the Coeur d'Alene River, the rail line was abandoned in 1991 and the trail officially opened in March 2004. The trail's route winds through the mountainous terrain of historic Silver Valley, into the chain lakes region, along", "id": "10102968" }, { "contents": "Northern Strand Community Trail\n\n\nprimarily runs along the Saugus Branch Railroad, a former branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The trail's right of way is leased from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for 99 years by the respective cities the trail passes through, except in Lynn; if Lynn approves the trail in their borders, they will likely sign a similar lease. Like many nearby rail-trails, these leases include a reversion clause should the right of way be deemed more useful for other transportation uses. The trail features a growing number of", "id": "19115050" }, { "contents": "Arrowhead State Trail\n\n\nThe Arrowhead State Trail is a recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota, USA, geared primarily for winter snowmobile use. It runs from an intersection with the Taconite State Trail west of Tower to an intersection with the Blue Ox Trail south of International Falls. In summer about are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, while the northern section is blocked by areas of wetness and standing water. The Arrowhead State Trail was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1974–75. It is managed by the Minnesota Department", "id": "15732221" }, { "contents": "Krushchev in Iowa Trail\n\n\nKrushchev in Iowa Trail is a planned rail trail running from Herndon, Iowa, to Coon Rapids, Iowa. It is a planned part of the American Discovery Trail. Originally known as the Corn Diplomacy Trail, the Krushchev in Iowa Trail is to be a paved recreational trail that runs through the counties of Guthrie and Carroll along an abandoned Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line. Planned trailheads A connection is planned at Herndon to the Raccoon River Valley Trail in Guthrie county. A connection is planned to Carroll, which is a terminus", "id": "4569009" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nwestern Loudoun County. Its route largely parallels the routes of the Potomac River and Virginia State Route 7 (VA Route 7). The trail connects at its origin to the paved Four Mile Run Trail, which travels eastward through Arlington along a stream embankment to meet the Mount Vernon Trail at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, near the Potomac River. The start of the trail is also accessible from the Shirlington exit (Exit 6) of Interstate 395 (I-395) (the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway). The trail parallels", "id": "21736689" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nat the trail's lowest elevation: above sea level. The trail climbs in while traveling northwest through Arlington County. While in Arlington, the trail ascends through the Atlantic Seaboard fall line while climbing upstream in the valley of Four Mile Run. The trail crosses the Run seven times in the valley on bridges whose abutments were constructed before the Civil War by the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, a predecessor of the W&OD Railroad. After crossing Columbia Pike (VA Route 244), the trail enters a steeply-sloped woodland", "id": "21736691" }, { "contents": "Columbia Trail\n\n\nof the Raritan River parallels the trail through the gorge, and is a scenic fast-flowing small river with recreational activities, especially fly fishing. A trestle carries the trail over the river in the gorge. There are few remnants of the former rail line along the trail, except for the occasional rotting railroad cross ties along the trail. There is a small section of track preserved in Califon and a small and rarely open museum dedicated to the rail line history is located in the preserved train station in the town center.", "id": "8728332" }, { "contents": "Monroe, Wisconsin\n\n\nto the city swimming pool; and Honey Creek Park, the site of a skate park. The city is the eastern starting point for the Cheese Country Trail, a 47-mile multi-purpose recreational path, and the Badger State Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian-only trail in summer and an ATV/snowmobile trail in winter. The \"Cheese Trail\" extends from Mineral Point to Monroe, while the Badger State Trail runs from the state line to Madison and connects to the Jane Addams Trail in Illinois. Both are former", "id": "17283013" }, { "contents": "Withlacoochee State Trail\n\n\nWithlacoochee State Trail is a long paved, multi-use, non-motorized rail trail in Florida located in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties. It follows along the Withlacoochee River and passes through the Withlacoochee State Forest. It is the longest paved rail trail in Florida. The original railroad line was formed sometime in the 1880s as the Inverness and Brooksville Railway. It connected with the Florida Northern Railroad in Citrus Springs and with the South Florida Railroad (SFR) in Dade City. In 1892, the Silver Springs, Ocala", "id": "16480832" }, { "contents": "Kal-Haven Trail\n\n\nthe parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped. The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding is allowed on", "id": "5253109" }, { "contents": "St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad\n\n\nfor a time. In 1978, local shippers took over the operation and it became the Lamoille Valley Railroad. In 1989, the line was leased to a Florida company and was operated by them until major flooding in 1995 and 1997 damaged the line so much that it was not profitable to repair the track. In 2002, the state of Vermont started converting the 96 mile route into a recreational trail and created the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. Milepost 0: St. Johnsbury interchange with Maine Central Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway. Milepost", "id": "688110" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nCumberland Valley Rail Trail (CVRT) is a National Recreation Trail rail trail that follows the former Cumberland Valley Railroad rail corridor for 9.5 miles, from Shippensburg to Newville, through the farmlands of western Cumberland County in south-central Pennsylvania. Historical significance The Cumberland Valley Railroad (CV) began service in the Cumberland Valley on the current CVRT corridor in 1837. In 1838 CV became the first railroad in the U.S. to offer overnight sleeping cars. Twenty years later, John Brown and his abolitionist compatriots traveled to Harpers Ferry on CV", "id": "19478189" }, { "contents": "Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail\n\n\nGainesville-Hawthorne State Trail is a rail trail in Florida. It is protected as a long Florida State Park and runs from the City of Gainesville's Boulware Springs Water Works to the town of Hawthorne. It passes through the Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park and the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area along a former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad line. The property was purchased by the state of Florida from CSX Transportation with money from the \"trails from rails\" program in late 1989. Activities include hiking, running, cycling, rollerblading, and", "id": "19673293" }, { "contents": "Summerset Trail\n\n\nThe Summerset Trail is a rail trail in Warren County in south-central Iowa in the United States. The trail is long and is paved with asphalt. It follows the route of an abandoned rail line between the cities of Carlisle at its northeastern end and Indianola at the southwest. The trail passes remnants of prairie, wetlands along the Middle River southwest of Carlisle, and woodlands north of Indianola. Trailheads are at Carlisle and Indianola, and at the trail's midpoint at Banner Lakes at Summerset State Park. The Carlisle trailhead", "id": "2470854" }, { "contents": "Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway\n\n\nwestern Washington lines remained in fairly heavy use until 1963. By 1970, most of the line was acquired by Burlington Northern Railway which filed to abandon the lines a year later in 1971. Seven years later, in 1978, the between Gas Works Park in Seattle and Tracy Owen Station in Kenmore was reopened as the Burke-Gilman Trail bike path and recreational rail trail, named after the leaders of the group that founded the railroad, Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman. The bike path and rail trail has been extended along the", "id": "17373452" }, { "contents": "Spokane River Centennial Trail\n\n\nThe Spokane River Centennial Trail is a paved trail in Eastern Washington for alternate transportation and recreational use. It is managed by Washington State Parks as the Spokane River Centennial State Park Trail. The trail extends from Sontag Park in Nine Mile Falls, Washington to the Washington/Idaho border. It passes through the cities of Spokane, Washington, Spokane Valley, Washington, Liberty Lake, Washington and the unincorporated community of Spokane Bridge, before crossing under the Interstate 90 Spokane River Bridge—traveling through Kootenai County, Idaho for approximately —", "id": "4618637" }, { "contents": "Wallkill Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Wallkill Valley Rail Trail is a rail trail and linear park that runs along the former Wallkill Valley Railroad rail corridor in Ulster County, New York. It stretches from Gardiner through New Paltz, Rosendale, and Ulster to the Kingston city line. The trail is separated from the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail by two state prisons in Shawangunk, though there have been plans to bypass these facilities, and to connect the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail with other regional rail trails. The northern section of the trail forms part of the proposed", "id": "12405545" }, { "contents": "Folsom Lake State Recreation Area\n\n\nmonths when school is still in session, evenings and weekends are the times of highest lake activity. There are 95 miles of trail at Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. These trails are used by hiker, bicyclists, runners, and horseback riders. A portion of the Western States/ Pioneer Express Trail between Sacramento and Carson City, Nevada also runs through the park. A paved bicycle trail loops around Lake Natoma, linking to Beals Point and the American River Bike Trail. Native Americans of the Maidu or Nisenan tribe inhabited the land", "id": "20827159" }, { "contents": "Zim Smith Trail\n\n\nThe Zim Smith Trail is the main multi-use trail of a network of trails in Saratoga County, New York. Extending nine miles, it connects the towns of Halfmoon, Clifton Park, Round Lake Village, Malta and Ballston Spa. It is the only trail in New York state to be designated a national recreation trail by the U.S. Department of Interior and National Park Service. The trail starts at Oak Street in Ballston Spa and runs through Malta's Shenantaha Creek Park. From there the trail passes under Interstate 87,", "id": "12911745" }, { "contents": "Old Erie Path\n\n\nThe Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking. The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad", "id": "21704717" }, { "contents": "Goodhue Pioneer State Trail\n\n\nThe Goodhue Pioneer State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in southeastern Minnesota, USA. The of trail currently exist in two segments, separated by a gap. The northern segment is a paved trail running from Red Wing, Minnesota, to the Hay Creek section of the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest near Hay Creek Township. The southern section is a natural-surface trail running northward from the Zumbrota Covered Bridge Park in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The trail corridor follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway segment that", "id": "13493095" }, { "contents": "Hank Aaron State Trail\n\n\nThe Hank Aaron State Trail is a 14-mile rail trail in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The trail is named for former Milwaukee Braves and Milwaukee Brewers right fielder Hank Aaron, and was built on a former roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. The trail begins on the shore of Lake Michigan in Lakeshore State Park (). The trail travels west through Milwaukee, passing by the Harley-Davidson Museum, Potawatomi Hotel & Casino, Miller Park, and the Wisconsin State Fair Park. The trail ends", "id": "9082958" }, { "contents": "Clive Greenbelt Trail\n\n\nClive Greenbelt Trail is an urban recreational trail in Clive, Iowa and forms part of the Central Iowa Trails network. This very busy recreational trail runs through Polk and Dallas Counties in Iowa. It is a curvy, paved asphalt and concrete trail. The trail begins at 73rd Street and Walnut Creek at the Walmart in Windsor Heights. It meanders along the north bank of Walnut Creek for to Country Club Blvd. Between the Lake Country Club dam and 142nd Street, the trail is on the street near the northshore of Lake Country", "id": "5561819" }, { "contents": "Fort Fraser Trail\n\n\nThe Fort Fraser Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Bartow to Lakeland. It runs along a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that once ran from Lakeland to Naples. The Southern terminus of the trail can be accessed from North Wilson Avenue in Bartow, immediately North of Tractor Supply Company. The Northern terminus is at the entrance to the Polk State College (Lakeland) campus in Lakeland. A paved extension of the trail runs to the Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland, a park run by Polk County", "id": "9622262" }, { "contents": "High Trestle Trail\n\n\nHigh Trestle Trail is a rail trail running from Ankeny to Woodward in central Iowa. The recreation trail opened on April 30, 2011. It is a paved recreational trail that runs through the Polk, Story, Boone, and Dallas counties. The trail's name is derived from a former 1913 bridge that spanned the Des Moines River between the towns of Madrid and Woodward. Conservation board directors and the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation estimate that more than 3,000 people use this trail each week. The trail is a major component of a", "id": "10959275" }, { "contents": "Cannon Valley Trail\n\n\nThe Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing. Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW", "id": "19411630" }, { "contents": "Dutchess Rail Trail\n\n\nwas double tracked, allowing for a simultaneous paved and packed dirt trail. In January 2012, a 1-mile stretch of property was purchased from CSX Transportation. An effort was made to develop this stretch of property in 2013, resulting in connections with Walkway Over the Hudson and the Hudson Valley Rail Trail. The railroad line was built in 1892 by the Central New England Railway; it was severed by a fire on the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974. Dutchess County originally purchased the Maybrook Line to build a limited access highway to Interstate 84", "id": "1685096" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Central Lakes State Trail is a paved recreational rail trail in central Minnesota, USA, running along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail is marked with mileposts every mile, corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad line. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The trail begins in Osakis at the western end of the Lake Wobegon Trail and runs parallel to Interstate 94 before ending in Fergus Falls. This trail passes through the towns of Nelson, Alexandria, Garfield, Brandon,", "id": "8504440" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The main trail is a trail along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line, beginning near milepost 81 in St. Joseph and ending near milepost 130 in Osakis. This trail runs parallel to I-94. The trail", "id": "7951626" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\npasses through the cities of Avon, Albany, Freeport, Melrose, Sauk Centre, and West Union. Beyond Osakis, the trail continues as the Central Lakes Trail. These two trails form a continuous trail from St. Joseph to Fergus Falls. The extension trail intersects near milepost 97 of the main trail in Albany. The extension trail is a trail along a former Soo Line Railroad line, beginning near milepost 131 in Albany passing through Albany, Krain and Holding Townships and ending northeast of Holdingford at approx. milepost 143.5, passing", "id": "7951627" }, { "contents": "Heartland State Trail\n\n\nThe Heartland State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, USA. It runs between Park Rapids and Cass Lake, intersecting with the Paul Bunyan State Trail around Walker. The entire route is paved, with a parallel grass trackway along the southern half for horseback riding and mountain biking. The northern half of the trail has some parallel trackway for snowmobiles. A segment north of Walker traverses very hilly terrain to appeal to snowmobilers; other users can follow a marked alternate route on paved road shoulders", "id": "18296395" }, { "contents": "Glacial Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Glacial Lakes State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in south-central Minnesota, USA. Developed from a former Burlington Northern Railroad grade, it traverses a landscape of lakes and gently rolling hills formed 10,000 years ago during the last glacial period. The trail currently extends from outside Willmar through the communities of Spicer, New London, and Hawick to the North Fork Crow River. Beyond that the undeveloped railbed is open for some recreational uses for another through the city of Richmond, but some of the original railroad", "id": "17680490" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run\n\n\nFour Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved non-motorized transport and recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail. In Arlington, the stream passes from the Piedmont through the Fall Line to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in a deep forested valley. The stream's eastern section", "id": "19376418" }, { "contents": "Agassiz Recreational Trail\n\n\nAgassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, USA, between Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the naturally surfaced trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The Agassiz Recreational Trail was converted from an abandoned rail bed running parallel to state highways 32 and 102. It passes through the following towns (in", "id": "14209427" }, { "contents": "Erie Lackawanna Trail\n\n\nErie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail in located in Lake County, Indiana which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of . The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in", "id": "21971553" }, { "contents": "Paul Bunyan State Trail\n\n\nThe Paul Bunyan State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, United States, running between the cities of Brainerd and Bemidji. Named after the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan of American folklore, the trail is the longest continuously paved trail in the United States. The route was part of the Burlington Northern Railroad lines abandoned in 1983. The trail currently covers a distance of . The southern extension, completed in 2012, moved the southern terminus to Crow Wing State Park. The route through Bemidji currently", "id": "15010231" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon is a 26.2 mile foot race from Holdingford, Minnesota, to St. Joseph, Minnesota, on a paved trail called the Lake Wobegon Trail. The course is USATF-certified, making it a qualifying race for the Boston Marathon. The race is sponsored and organized by the St. Cloud River Runners, a running group active since 1983 with about 150 members. The flat, straight course is run on a blacktop trail converted from freight rail lines. After starting at the high school in Holdingford, the", "id": "8840283" }, { "contents": "Yelm–Tenino Trail\n\n\nThe Yelm–Tenino Trail is a rail trail located in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The long cycling and walking trail has been constructed along the route of a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail runs parallel to State Route 507 and intersects with the Chehalis Western Trail. Trailheads are located at the trail termini in the towns of Yelm and Tenino as well as in the town of Rainier. The trail is used by bicyclists participating in the annual Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic as they ride from Yelm to Tenino", "id": "3903345" }, { "contents": "Northern Rail Trail (New Hampshire)\n\n\nThe Northern Recreational Rail Trail, also known as the Northern Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail trail in western New Hampshire, USA, running from Lebanon to Boscawen. It uses the right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad's former Northern Line, which was acquired by the State of New Hampshire in 1996. The trail is managed by the New Hampshire Bureau of Trails. The Northern Railroad built this line from Concord to White River Junction, Vermont, in 1847. The Boston-based investors", "id": "10109519" }, { "contents": "Little Valley, New York\n\n\nand Ellicottville. County Routes 5 and 14 start in the northwest corner of the town and head toward New Albion and East Otto, respectively. The Pat McGee Trail, a hiking and snowmobile rail trail that follows the path of the now-removed railroad, runs through the town parallel to Route 353. The Conservation Trail, a subset of the Finger Lakes Trail (itself a subset of the North Country Trail), passes through the town connecting the state forests therein; the two trails share a roughly one-mile wrong", "id": "16894285" }, { "contents": "Taconite State Trail\n\n\nThe Taconite State Trail extends 165 miles from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota and intersects the Arrowhead State Trail west of Lake Vermilion. On the Grand Rapids end, the trail is paved for the first 6 miles for in-line skating and biking. The rest of the trail is natural surface used primarily in the winter months for snowmobiling. In the summer, several areas contain standing water, but some areas are suitable for horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking Taconite State Trail is a scenic experience twisting through", "id": "11590151" }, { "contents": "Ashuwillticook Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Ashuwillticook Rail Trail is a former railroad corridor converted into a paved, universally accessible, scenic rail trail path. The Ashuwillticook (ash-oo-will-ti-cook) Rail Trail runs parallel to Route 8 through the towns of Cheshire, Lanesborough and Adams, Massachusetts and is used for biking, walking, roller-blading, and jogging. The trail is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Its first two phases opened in 2001 and 2004, with a 1.2-mile northerly extension opening", "id": "6836871" }, { "contents": "Onondaga Lake Park\n\n\nuses (strollers, children's bicycles with training wheels, tricycles and wheel chair users) are also permitted on this trail which is not plowed in the winter. The West Shore Trail is long from where it connects to the East Shore Recreation Trail at its most western end to its most eastern end off Exit 7 of Interstate 690. Located along the western shore of Onondaga Lake, this paved trail meanders through over 4.5 miles (ca. 7 km) of woodlands and open areas. It is used by bicyclists, walkers", "id": "8426451" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nMinnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve.", "id": "19412293" }, { "contents": "Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail (TCB), the official name of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR) Trail, is a rail trail that runs along an abandoned railroad corridor where the Northern Central Railway once operated. The trail extends 20 miles from Ashland Road in Cockeysville, Maryland to the boundary with Pennsylvania. At the Pennsylvania line, the Torrey C. Brown Trail becomes the York County Heritage Rail Trail (part of BicyclePA Route J) and continues to the city of York. The trail is wide with a stone dust", "id": "1111662" }, { "contents": "Central Massachusetts Railroad\n\n\ntowns along the former Wheelwright Branch exhibited similar enthusiasm for recreational trails along the property. In March 1985 with support from the local governments and regional planning agency the state purchased 10 miles of the line between the west end of the Connecticut River Bridge in Northampton and Amherst with the intent to convert it into a rail trail. Work began in 1992 and on July 29, 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management officially opened the Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail. By 1997 the trail extended as far as Belchertown where progress halted due to a", "id": "17724305" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nHeading east, all distances on the trail are measured from the Killarney Station which is the Mile zero marker. There is a mile marker every to mark your location at the trail, useful during emergencies. The trail runs east towards downtown Oakland over the former Orange Belt Railway where it crosses the Florida Turnpike on a converted railroad bridge. The path passes through the Oakland Nature Preserve on the way through downtown Oakland (Mile 2) where there is an outpost. From Oakland to Winter Garden, the Orange Belt Railway and the", "id": "20145820" }, { "contents": "Panhandle Pathway\n\n\nThe Panhandle Pathway is a rail to trail conversion in north central Indiana, United States. It is currently about 21 miles long and runs along the former Pennsylvania Railroad Panhandle line. At the north, the trail begins in the town of Winamac, Indiana, and closely parallels U.S. Highway 35 toward its south terminus in Kenneth, west of Logansport, Indiana. As of August 2015, the trail is accessible from parking areas in Winamac, Star City, and Royal Center. The pathway has a trailhead near its south terminus at", "id": "11518683" }, { "contents": "Columbia Plateau Trail\n\n\nconstructed by the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway Company in the early 1900s. That line's successor, the Burlington Northern Company, abandoned the line in 1987, paving the way for the state to acquire 130 miles of right-of-way, from milepost 235.0 near East Pasco to milepost 365.0 near South Cheney, in 1991. State Park management began in 1992. Standing remnants of the trail's railroad past include the historic Burr Canyon trestle built in 1908. The northern portion of the trail passes through a habitat", "id": "1634738" }, { "contents": "Bugline Trail\n\n\nThe Bugline Recreation Trail is a paved 16-mile trail located on the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and Pacific Railroad right-of-way in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. The trail stretches between Appleton Ave (Wisconsin Highway 175) in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States to just east of North Lake in the Town of Merton. A separate 4-foot-wide bridle trail adjacent to the original 8-foot-wide recreation trail extends 2.5 miles from The Ranch in Menomonee Falls to Menomonee Park where it joins the Park bridle trails", "id": "14315703" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nthrough Holdingford. This bicycle trail continues beyond milepost 143.5 as the Soo Line Trail, crossing the Mississippi River at the Blanchard Dam, changing from asphalt to gravel at U.S. 10 south of Little Falls, and extending to Onamia. The Soo Line Trail traverses Morrison County and Mille Lacs County. The extension is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota, located near Holdingford. The Saintly Seven is a completed 7 mile extension to bring the trail from St. Joseph all the way into Waite Park and Saint Cloud. The extension allows", "id": "7951628" }, { "contents": "Harlem Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Harlem Valley Rail Trail is a paved rail trail on an abandoned portion of the New York and Harlem Railroad, north of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Line terminus in Wassaic. It is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). It is maintained through an agreement between OPRHP, Dutchess County and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association. The former New York and Harlem main line was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1864, and became part of Penn Central Railroad", "id": "13113184" }, { "contents": "Mesabi Trail\n\n\nThe Mesabi Trail is a 132-mile paved bicycle trail running from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota. As of 2016, the trail is still under construction with approximately 25 miles of trail incomplete. The trail goes through the many small towns along it, such as Marble, Keewatin, Hibbing, Mountain Iron, Virginia, and Gilbert. Much of the trail runs along abandoned railroad grade. Since 2005, the Mesabi Trail has hosted a long bike ride every year in mid-August. Each stop (usually at a", "id": "3828941" }, { "contents": "Hayward, Wisconsin\n\n\nlocated, has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along existing county forest logging roads is permitted. There are 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails for winter use and 80.8 miles designated for summer use. State owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest", "id": "17383849" }, { "contents": "Great Western Trail (Iowa)\n\n\nThe Great Western Trail is a rail trail in the Des Moines metropolitan area south-central Iowa, United States. The trails is long and paved with asphalt. The trail follows the route of an abandoned line of the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, constructed in 1899 and last operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It runs between southwestern Des Moines at its north end and Martensdale at the south, passing through suburban areas, Willow Creek Golf Course, fields and farmland, and the wooded valley of", "id": "2371209" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail, Nova Scotia\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Beechville to Fairview. The trail is named for the Chain Lakes along which the trail runs. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg. They are part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route, a planned 3,000 kilometer cycling trail system. The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South", "id": "12562229" }, { "contents": "York County Heritage Rail Trail\n\n\nHeritage Rail Trail County Park is a National Recreation Trail rail-with-trail in Pennsylvania built in 1999 by the York County Rail Trail Authority (YCRTA). It connects with the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Maryland. The trail runs along the active Northern Central Railway line and forms the southernmost part of Route J in the BicyclePA route system. The York County Heritage Rail Trail is located along railroad tracks built during the nineteenth century as part of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR). The NCR was an important link", "id": "16256720" }, { "contents": "Sammamish River Trail\n\n\nThe Sammamish River Trail is a bike path and recreational trail in King County, Washington that runs along the Sammamish River from Blythe Park in Bothell to Marymoor Park in Redmond. It connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail at its north western end, and to the Redmond Central Connector at its south eastern end. The trail is paved for bicycle, inline-skate and pedestrian use and is paralleled for most of its length by an unpaved equestrian trail. It passes near the Chateau Ste. Michelle, Columbia and Silver Lake wineries", "id": "6886606" }, { "contents": "Snohomish County Centennial Trail\n\n\nintersection with Washington State Route 531 before the roadway continues north into Downtown Arlington after an underpass with Washington State Route 9. The route continues through Downtown Arlington along West Avenue before a former railroad trestle carries the trail across the Stillaguamish River and towards Bryant along Washington State Route 9. The Centennial Trail passes its final trailhead, the Nakashima Heritage Barn & Centennial Trail North, before ending at the Skagit County line south of Lake McMurray. The Centennial Trail runs on the right-of-way of the Sumas Branch of the former", "id": "1137624" }, { "contents": "Cape Haze Pioneer Trail\n\n\nThe Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway. The trail begins at the intersection of State Road 776 and Pinedale Drive in western Port Charlotte. It runs south along Pinedale Drive briefly before shifting east on to the former railroad corridor. It then proceeds south along the railroad corridor, passing near Rotonda West and crossing over Coral", "id": "14271713" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The Southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue E Northwest near the bus terminal and city hall. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida", "id": "9881595" }, { "contents": "Mill Towns Trail\n\n\nThe Mill Towns State Trail is a multi-use trail in development along the Cannon River. Currently a rail trail linking Northfield and Dundas, the trail is planned to extend southward to Faribault and eastward to Cannon Falls. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The", "id": "16299313" }, { "contents": "Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail is a paved 3.8 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the Blauvelt Free Library on Western Highway in the hamlet of Blauvelt, and ends at the intersection of Oak Tree Road in the hamlet of Tappan. The trail intersects the Old Erie Path at Depot Square in Sparkill. The trail follows the right-of-ways of two former railroads. From the southern trailhead in Tappan to Sparkill, it follows the Northern Branch", "id": "21704786" }, { "contents": "Bruce Vento Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Bruce Vento Regional Trail is a rail trail in the cities of Vadnais Heights, Gem Lake, Maplewood, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. The trail occupies an abandoned Burlington Northern Railroad corridor and intersects with the Gateway State Trail in Maplewood and continues to just east of Lake Phalen in Saint Paul. South of the lake, it continues along Phalen Boulevard and through Swede Hollow to its terminus near Seventh Street. Another spur off of Phalen Boulevard continues west, going over a long bridge that crosses very active railroad tracks", "id": "15151449" }, { "contents": "Terrace Mountain Trail\n\n\nPark (mile ); primitive camping is permitted in designated locations along the trail. The trail is marked with blue blazes and mileposts. Beginning at the south end of the lake near Weaver Falls, the first of the trail follows the old Tressler logging road onto the wooded slopes of Terrace Mountain. During a steep climb, you can stop for water at Putt's Boy Scout Camp (mile ). The trail continues through mature hardwood forest dominated by hickory, oak, and maple, with spectacular spring wildflowers. At mile", "id": "8808985" }, { "contents": "Paint Creek Trail\n\n\n1983 as the first rail trail in Michigan. The trail is in the right-of-way of the former Michigan Central Railroad and Penn Central Railroad lines. The original rail line was completed in 1872, and was in service until Penn Central's railroad operations were taken over by Conrail in 1976. The right-of-way was purchased by the Paint Creek Trail Commission in 1983 for $450,000. The trail will plan to start at Lake Orion, then stops at South Lake Orion, Goodison Orion Road, Goodison", "id": "11361335" }, { "contents": "Conewago Recreation Trail\n\n\nThe Conewago Recreation Trail is a public recreational rail trail that follows the once Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad rail corridor for a total of slightly over 5.0 miles. The trail stretches from Elizabethtown, PA to the Lebanon County Line, PA, at which point it links up to the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail which continues for another 15.0 miles. The Conewago Recreation Trail runs adjacent to the Conewago Creek running through quiet farmland and forested areas. Trail goers can enjoy walking, jogging, bicycling, horseback riding and other non-motorized recreational uses", "id": "3407872" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon\n\n\nrefers to a cafe in downtown Lake Wobegon called the \"Chatterbox Cafe\". There is a real cafe and gas station in Olivia by the same name. Olivia is in north-central Renville County. The Minnesota Rails and Trails project began creating the Lake Wobegon Trail in 1998. It now stretches from Waite Park, Minnesota just west of St. Cloud, to Freeport, Minnesota, where it forks; one trail heads northwest to Osakis, Minnesota, the other northeast to Holdingford, Minnesota and Bowlus, Minnesota, and on", "id": "12575406" }, { "contents": "Lake Bemidji State Park\n\n\ntrail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike. The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails. In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system", "id": "11692170" }, { "contents": "North Central State Trail\n\n\nThe North Central State Trail is a 62-mile (100 km) recreational rail trail serving a section of the northern quarter of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Following a route generally parallel to Interstate 75, the trail goes northward from the Michigan town of Gaylord to the top of the Lower Peninsula at Mackinaw City and connects to the North Western State Trail. It serves the towns of Vanderbilt, Indian River, and Cheboygan which connects to the Northeastern State Trail. The North Central State Trail occupies what was once", "id": "17921256" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nA short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along the former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail", "id": "19412295" }, { "contents": "Spruce Railroad Trail\n\n\nThe Spruce Railroad Trail (sometimes called Lake Crescent Trail) is a rail trail located on the shores of Lake Crescent about west of Port Angeles, Washington, and is part of the 134-mile-long Olympic Discovery Trail. The trail follows the former Port Angeles Western Railroad grade along the shores of Lake Crescent. Built during World War I for the Spruce Production Division to transport spruce from the western Olympic Peninsula for the aircraft industry, it was completed in 1919, a year too late for its intended purpose. The trail is", "id": "7465546" }, { "contents": "OC&E Woods Line State Trail\n\n\nThe OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir. Along its length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly. The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately . Beyond Olene, the trail surface is", "id": "11038009" }, { "contents": "Glacial Drumlin State Trail\n\n\nin the Southern Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Lake Kegonsa State Park, the Capital Springs State Recreation Area and at the Sandhill Station State Campground Snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowshoe hiking are permitted on the trail during the winter months. Snowmobiles are only permitted on the 39-mile limestone section of the trail but not on the paved asphalt section between Waukesha and Dousman. Snowmobiles must follow all Wisconsin snowmobile laws on this trail. Skiers and snowshoe hikers must share the trail with snowmobilers. Skiers and snowshoe hikers do", "id": "21208171" }, { "contents": "Hancock, Michigan\n\n\npartly in the city. The Jack Stevens Rail Trail runs through the city of Hancock and continues on 14 miles north to Calumet on a now-abandoned Soo Line Railroad grade. The Keweenaw Trail or Trail 3 is the main snowmobiling route to and from Houghton and Hancock, it connects to other nearby trails including the North and South Freda Trails which lead toward Lake Superior, and the Stevens Trail which goes to Calumet. Elementary-school students attend the Gordon Barkell Elementary School (formerly Hancock Elementary School), middle school students", "id": "17903027" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nThe West Orange Trail is a long multi-use rail trail owned by Orange County Parks and Recreation in Orange County, Florida, in the United States. The paved trail passes through downtown Oakland, Winter Garden, and Apopka with most of its length built on old railroad alignments. To the west of the West Orange Trail is the South Lake-Lake Minneola Scenic Trail in Lake County which was connected to the trail in 2007. There are four main stations on the West Orange Trail, each providing parking, restroom facilities", "id": "20145818" }, { "contents": "Meadowlands, Minnesota\n\n\n-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles. Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range. According to the United States Census", "id": "3264262" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nThe Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the", "id": "19539432" }, { "contents": "Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park\n\n\nThe Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States. The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is long, and averages wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from to , and total acreage", "id": "5023514" }, { "contents": "Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway)\n\n\nThe Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway) is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The", "id": "3548791" }, { "contents": "Badger State Trail\n\n\nThe Badger State Trail is a rail trail in south central Wisconsin. The trail leads from the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Madison passing through, from south to north, Monroe, Monticello, Belleville and Fitchburg. Near Monticello, the trail passes through the long, unlit Stewart Tunnel constructed in 1887. The trail was officially opened July 8, 2007. The main route of the trail follows a former rail line that was originally built by the Chicago, Madison and Northern Railroad and opened in 1887, with the first official", "id": "14059319" }, { "contents": "Rail trail\n\n\nwas developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. In Quebec, Le P'tit Train du Nord runs from Saint-Jérôme to Mont-Laurier. In Toronto, there are two rail trails, the Beltline Trail and the West Toronto Railpath. In central Ontario, the former Victoria Railway line, which runs from the town of Lindsay, Ontario, north to the village of Haliburton, in", "id": "12830745" }, { "contents": "Cheshire, Massachusetts\n\n\nserved by the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad. Most of the line was converted into the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail , an -long, , universally accessible, paved path connecting the Berkshire towns of Lanesborough, Cheshire, and Adams. The trail runs parallel to Route 8 and passes through woods and marshlands, and alongside a lake and a river, with wooded hills and Mount Greylock as a backdrop. The path and has become a popular resource for biking, walking, roller-blading, jogging, etc. The trail passes through the", "id": "21975354" }, { "contents": "Greene River Trail\n\n\nThe Greene River Trail is a non-motorized rail trail 60 miles south of Pittsburgh in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Greene River Trail runs along the banks of the Monongahela River as it winds through the former coal mining region of Greene County. The 5.2-mile trail begins in Millsboro at the Greene Cove Yacht Club, where the trail follows Ten Mile Creek for a quarter mile before turning upstream along the left (west) bank of the Monongahela River. The trail passes through Rices Landing and ends in Crucible. Plans call for the", "id": "14813403" }, { "contents": "Van Buren Trail State Park\n\n\nVan Buren Trail State Park, also known as Trail State Park, is an unimproved rail trail running along a former railroad right-of-way between Hartford, Michigan to South Haven, Michigan in Van Buren County. It is long and mostly used by horse trail riders in the summer and snowmobilers in the winter. Terrain is flat with farmland and trees. In 2004, Van Buren County took over operation of the state-owned trail after state budget problems. There is a trail pass system to pay for maintenance.", "id": "6257199" }, { "contents": "Banks–Vernonia State Trail\n\n\nThe Banks–Vernonia State Trail is a paved rail trail and state park in northwest Oregon in the United States. It runs for , primarily north–south, between the towns of Vernonia in Columbia County and Banks in Washington County on an abandoned railroad bed. Banks is about west of Portland. The wide trail is open to non-motorized uses such as hiking and biking. A wide horse trail parallels the hiking and biking trail. The rail trail crosses 12 bridges and the Buxton Trestle, a former railroad trestle bridge", "id": "6147760" }, { "contents": "Florida State Road 589\n\n\npart of the Suncoast Parkway project, a multi-use paved recreational trail called the Suncoast Trail was constructed parallel to the western side of the highway, and opened along with the Parkway itself in 2001. The trail begins at Lutz-Lake Fern Road (Exit 16), and continues north for 41 miles to the highway's terminus at US 98. Four miles north of State Road 54, an additional 6.5-mile paved bicycle trail connects the Suncoast Trail to the J. B. Starkey Wilderness Park in New Port Richey. Use of", "id": "12401397" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nSakatah Singing Hills State Trail is a paved multi-use rail trail connecting Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, US. It is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which converted it from a railroad line. The name derives from the Dakota people who lived in the region; \"Sakatah\" translates into \"singing hills\". It began as a snowmobile trail and is now shared by hikers, joggers and cross-country skiers. There are sections of parallel dirt trail for horseback riders but they are not continuous.", "id": "6829781" }, { "contents": "Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail that connects with the John Wayne Pioneer Trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road's Everett Branch (Cedar Falls-Everett, later shortened to Monroe, WA). The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall. The trail parallels the Cedar Falls Road before it heads east passing Rainbow Lake and down through the Boxley Creek drainage where a trestle bridge crosses a tributary of", "id": "18545106" }, { "contents": "Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail\n\n\npreserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007. Construction of a multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome. The eastern end of the pavement is Holloway RD in the Etoniah Creek State Forest. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)", "id": "7679575" }, { "contents": "Chippewa River State Trail\n\n\nChippewa River State Trail is a 26-mile urban-rural rail trail in western Wisconsin that follows the path of the Chippewa River. The trails runs from the spot of the confluence of the Chippewa with the Eau Claire River, at Phoenix Park in downtown Eau Claire to the town of Durand where it meets up with the Red Cedar State Trail. A former railroad corridor, the trail passes through a variety of habitat including wetlands, prairies, and sandstone bluff. The Chippewa River State Trail will eventually be part of the greater Chippewa", "id": "19531697" }, { "contents": "Thornapple Trail\n\n\nThe Thornapple Trail is the abbreviated name for the a partially completed Paul Henry-Thornapple Trail (rail trail) in west Michigan. The Middleville portion is being connected to the Kent County section which will eventually link to Kent Trails. When complete, the Paul Henry - Thornapple Trail will be a 42-mile multi-use recreation trail running from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Vermontville, Michigan. The trail was originally the Grand River Valley Railroad, constructed in 1868-69. Service on the line ended in 1983, after the state", "id": "8835070" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nWashington Parkway, the Army Corps of Engineers built an extension of the Four Mile Run Trail beneath them that connected the trail to the Mount Vernon Trail. Later that spring, more new sections of the trail opened, connecting it to the Washington & Old Dominion Trail. In 2009, a trail extension was completed near Shirlington that not only linked the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe", "id": "19539435" }, { "contents": "Oswego Recreational Trail\n\n\nThe Oswego County Recreation Trail is a multi-use rail trail in New York. The Oswego Recreational Trail actually comprises two trails which are separated by an on-road section. It follows the route of the former New York, Ontario and Western Railway, abandoned in 1957. The east portion runs from the city of Fulton's Maple Avenue to the village of Central Square, just short of Interstate 81. I-81 was built following the NYO&W abandonment and no provision was made to preserve the railroad right-of-way by", "id": "8745258" }, { "contents": "Van Cortlandt Park\n\n\nPutnam Trail (, easy), an unpaved trail, runs north through the woods to the east of this lawn and west of Van Cortlandt Lake, through the golf course and along Tibbetts Brook and the former New York and Putnam Railroad line into Yonkers, where it connects to Westchester County's paved South County Trailway. The rails themselves are overrun with weeds, but they are no longer usable by trains. The remains of the former Van Cortlandt Park station can be seen along the trail. As part of the park's", "id": "16188090" }, { "contents": "Orange Heritage Trailway\n\n\nThe Orange Heritage Trailway is a 14.5 mile rail trail in Orange County, New York, that runs along the roadbed of the Erie Railroad Main Line from Harriman to a point halfway between Goshen and Middletown, New York. The former Erie Railroad main line turns northwest at a junction and tracks terminate at the site of the now removed and demolished Nepera Chemical plant in the village of Harriman. The undeveloped roadbed continues approximately two miles through Harriman and Monroe. The paved trail begins in Harriman NY, although no trailhead exists in Harriman", "id": "14271335" }, { "contents": "Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)\n\n\nThe Rock Island Trail State Park is a long public rail trail in the west-central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2003. It passes through portions of Peoria and Stark counties. The southern end of the trail is currently located at Pioneer Parkway in north Peoria, Illinois, and the northern end is in Toulon, Illinois, the county seat of Stark County. The right-of-way served as a railroad line from 1871 to 1963, was unused in 1963", "id": "20557951" }, { "contents": "Prairie Spirit Trail State Park\n\n\nPrairie Spirit Trail State Park is a rail trail that is a Kansas State Park. The trail is built on the former right of way of the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad from Ottawa, Kansas, to Iola, Kansas. The trail runs 50 miles from its northern terminus at Ottawa, Kansas to its southern terminus at Iola, Kansas. The trail is open for use by hikers, joggers, and bicyclists year-round, from sunrise to sunset. This trail is paved with a hard-packed limestone screening outside", "id": "6599442" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nThe landscape is mostly cultivated land with remnant stands of prairie and Big Woods. The trail passes through Sakatah Lake State Park and runs through city streets in Waterville. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The route from Red Wing to Waterville was completed in 1882,", "id": "6829782" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nIt is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park.", "id": "19412294" }, { "contents": "Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes\n\n\nThe Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes is a rail trail in the northwest United States, in northern Idaho. It follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way from Mullan, a mountain mining town near the Montana border, westward to Plummer, a town on the prairie near the Washington Generally following the Coeur d'Alene River, the rail line was abandoned in 1991 and the trail officially opened in March 2004. The trail's route winds through the mountainous terrain of historic Silver Valley, into the chain lakes region, along", "id": "10102968" }, { "contents": "Northern Strand Community Trail\n\n\nprimarily runs along the Saugus Branch Railroad, a former branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The trail's right of way is leased from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for 99 years by the respective cities the trail passes through, except in Lynn; if Lynn approves the trail in their borders, they will likely sign a similar lease. Like many nearby rail-trails, these leases include a reversion clause should the right of way be deemed more useful for other transportation uses. The trail features a growing number of", "id": "19115050" }, { "contents": "Arrowhead State Trail\n\n\nThe Arrowhead State Trail is a recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota, USA, geared primarily for winter snowmobile use. It runs from an intersection with the Taconite State Trail west of Tower to an intersection with the Blue Ox Trail south of International Falls. In summer about are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, while the northern section is blocked by areas of wetness and standing water. The Arrowhead State Trail was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1974–75. It is managed by the Minnesota Department", "id": "15732221" }, { "contents": "Krushchev in Iowa Trail\n\n\nKrushchev in Iowa Trail is a planned rail trail running from Herndon, Iowa, to Coon Rapids, Iowa. It is a planned part of the American Discovery Trail. Originally known as the Corn Diplomacy Trail, the Krushchev in Iowa Trail is to be a paved recreational trail that runs through the counties of Guthrie and Carroll along an abandoned Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line. Planned trailheads A connection is planned at Herndon to the Raccoon River Valley Trail in Guthrie county. A connection is planned to Carroll, which is a terminus", "id": "4569009" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nwestern Loudoun County. Its route largely parallels the routes of the Potomac River and Virginia State Route 7 (VA Route 7). The trail connects at its origin to the paved Four Mile Run Trail, which travels eastward through Arlington along a stream embankment to meet the Mount Vernon Trail at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, near the Potomac River. The start of the trail is also accessible from the Shirlington exit (Exit 6) of Interstate 395 (I-395) (the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway). The trail parallels", "id": "21736689" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nat the trail's lowest elevation: above sea level. The trail climbs in while traveling northwest through Arlington County. While in Arlington, the trail ascends through the Atlantic Seaboard fall line while climbing upstream in the valley of Four Mile Run. The trail crosses the Run seven times in the valley on bridges whose abutments were constructed before the Civil War by the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, a predecessor of the W&OD Railroad. After crossing Columbia Pike (VA Route 244), the trail enters a steeply-sloped woodland", "id": "21736691" }, { "contents": "Columbia Trail\n\n\nof the Raritan River parallels the trail through the gorge, and is a scenic fast-flowing small river with recreational activities, especially fly fishing. A trestle carries the trail over the river in the gorge. There are few remnants of the former rail line along the trail, except for the occasional rotting railroad cross ties along the trail. There is a small section of track preserved in Califon and a small and rarely open museum dedicated to the rail line history is located in the preserved train station in the town center.", "id": "8728332" }, { "contents": "Monroe, Wisconsin\n\n\nto the city swimming pool; and Honey Creek Park, the site of a skate park. The city is the eastern starting point for the Cheese Country Trail, a 47-mile multi-purpose recreational path, and the Badger State Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian-only trail in summer and an ATV/snowmobile trail in winter. The \"Cheese Trail\" extends from Mineral Point to Monroe, while the Badger State Trail runs from the state line to Madison and connects to the Jane Addams Trail in Illinois. Both are former", "id": "17283013" }, { "contents": "Withlacoochee State Trail\n\n\nWithlacoochee State Trail is a long paved, multi-use, non-motorized rail trail in Florida located in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties. It follows along the Withlacoochee River and passes through the Withlacoochee State Forest. It is the longest paved rail trail in Florida. The original railroad line was formed sometime in the 1880s as the Inverness and Brooksville Railway. It connected with the Florida Northern Railroad in Citrus Springs and with the South Florida Railroad (SFR) in Dade City. In 1892, the Silver Springs, Ocala", "id": "16480832" }, { "contents": "Kal-Haven Trail\n\n\nthe parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped. The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding is allowed on", "id": "5253109" }, { "contents": "St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad\n\n\nfor a time. In 1978, local shippers took over the operation and it became the Lamoille Valley Railroad. In 1989, the line was leased to a Florida company and was operated by them until major flooding in 1995 and 1997 damaged the line so much that it was not profitable to repair the track. In 2002, the state of Vermont started converting the 96 mile route into a recreational trail and created the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. Milepost 0: St. Johnsbury interchange with Maine Central Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway. Milepost", "id": "688110" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nCumberland Valley Rail Trail (CVRT) is a National Recreation Trail rail trail that follows the former Cumberland Valley Railroad rail corridor for 9.5 miles, from Shippensburg to Newville, through the farmlands of western Cumberland County in south-central Pennsylvania. Historical significance The Cumberland Valley Railroad (CV) began service in the Cumberland Valley on the current CVRT corridor in 1837. In 1838 CV became the first railroad in the U.S. to offer overnight sleeping cars. Twenty years later, John Brown and his abolitionist compatriots traveled to Harpers Ferry on CV", "id": "19478189" }, { "contents": "Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail\n\n\nGainesville-Hawthorne State Trail is a rail trail in Florida. It is protected as a long Florida State Park and runs from the City of Gainesville's Boulware Springs Water Works to the town of Hawthorne. It passes through the Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park and the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area along a former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad line. The property was purchased by the state of Florida from CSX Transportation with money from the \"trails from rails\" program in late 1989. Activities include hiking, running, cycling, rollerblading, and", "id": "19673293" }, { "contents": "Summerset Trail\n\n\nThe Summerset Trail is a rail trail in Warren County in south-central Iowa in the United States. The trail is long and is paved with asphalt. It follows the route of an abandoned rail line between the cities of Carlisle at its northeastern end and Indianola at the southwest. The trail passes remnants of prairie, wetlands along the Middle River southwest of Carlisle, and woodlands north of Indianola. Trailheads are at Carlisle and Indianola, and at the trail's midpoint at Banner Lakes at Summerset State Park. The Carlisle trailhead", "id": "2470854" }, { "contents": "Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway\n\n\nwestern Washington lines remained in fairly heavy use until 1963. By 1970, most of the line was acquired by Burlington Northern Railway which filed to abandon the lines a year later in 1971. Seven years later, in 1978, the between Gas Works Park in Seattle and Tracy Owen Station in Kenmore was reopened as the Burke-Gilman Trail bike path and recreational rail trail, named after the leaders of the group that founded the railroad, Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman. The bike path and rail trail has been extended along the", "id": "17373452" }, { "contents": "Spokane River Centennial Trail\n\n\nThe Spokane River Centennial Trail is a paved trail in Eastern Washington for alternate transportation and recreational use. It is managed by Washington State Parks as the Spokane River Centennial State Park Trail. The trail extends from Sontag Park in Nine Mile Falls, Washington to the Washington/Idaho border. It passes through the cities of Spokane, Washington, Spokane Valley, Washington, Liberty Lake, Washington and the unincorporated community of Spokane Bridge, before crossing under the Interstate 90 Spokane River Bridge—traveling through Kootenai County, Idaho for approximately —", "id": "4618637" }, { "contents": "Wallkill Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Wallkill Valley Rail Trail is a rail trail and linear park that runs along the former Wallkill Valley Railroad rail corridor in Ulster County, New York. It stretches from Gardiner through New Paltz, Rosendale, and Ulster to the Kingston city line. The trail is separated from the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail by two state prisons in Shawangunk, though there have been plans to bypass these facilities, and to connect the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail with other regional rail trails. The northern section of the trail forms part of the proposed", "id": "12405545" }, { "contents": "Folsom Lake State Recreation Area\n\n\nmonths when school is still in session, evenings and weekends are the times of highest lake activity. There are 95 miles of trail at Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. These trails are used by hiker, bicyclists, runners, and horseback riders. A portion of the Western States/ Pioneer Express Trail between Sacramento and Carson City, Nevada also runs through the park. A paved bicycle trail loops around Lake Natoma, linking to Beals Point and the American River Bike Trail. Native Americans of the Maidu or Nisenan tribe inhabited the land", "id": "20827159" }, { "contents": "Zim Smith Trail\n\n\nThe Zim Smith Trail is the main multi-use trail of a network of trails in Saratoga County, New York. Extending nine miles, it connects the towns of Halfmoon, Clifton Park, Round Lake Village, Malta and Ballston Spa. It is the only trail in New York state to be designated a national recreation trail by the U.S. Department of Interior and National Park Service. The trail starts at Oak Street in Ballston Spa and runs through Malta's Shenantaha Creek Park. From there the trail passes under Interstate 87,", "id": "12911745" }, { "contents": "Old Erie Path\n\n\nThe Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking. The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad", "id": "21704717" }, { "contents": "Goodhue Pioneer State Trail\n\n\nThe Goodhue Pioneer State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in southeastern Minnesota, USA. The of trail currently exist in two segments, separated by a gap. The northern segment is a paved trail running from Red Wing, Minnesota, to the Hay Creek section of the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest near Hay Creek Township. The southern section is a natural-surface trail running northward from the Zumbrota Covered Bridge Park in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The trail corridor follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway segment that", "id": "13493095" }, { "contents": "Hank Aaron State Trail\n\n\nThe Hank Aaron State Trail is a 14-mile rail trail in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The trail is named for former Milwaukee Braves and Milwaukee Brewers right fielder Hank Aaron, and was built on a former roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. The trail begins on the shore of Lake Michigan in Lakeshore State Park (). The trail travels west through Milwaukee, passing by the Harley-Davidson Museum, Potawatomi Hotel & Casino, Miller Park, and the Wisconsin State Fair Park. The trail ends", "id": "9082958" }, { "contents": "Clive Greenbelt Trail\n\n\nClive Greenbelt Trail is an urban recreational trail in Clive, Iowa and forms part of the Central Iowa Trails network. This very busy recreational trail runs through Polk and Dallas Counties in Iowa. It is a curvy, paved asphalt and concrete trail. The trail begins at 73rd Street and Walnut Creek at the Walmart in Windsor Heights. It meanders along the north bank of Walnut Creek for to Country Club Blvd. Between the Lake Country Club dam and 142nd Street, the trail is on the street near the northshore of Lake Country", "id": "5561819" }, { "contents": "Fort Fraser Trail\n\n\nThe Fort Fraser Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Bartow to Lakeland. It runs along a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that once ran from Lakeland to Naples. The Southern terminus of the trail can be accessed from North Wilson Avenue in Bartow, immediately North of Tractor Supply Company. The Northern terminus is at the entrance to the Polk State College (Lakeland) campus in Lakeland. A paved extension of the trail runs to the Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland, a park run by Polk County", "id": "9622262" }, { "contents": "High Trestle Trail\n\n\nHigh Trestle Trail is a rail trail running from Ankeny to Woodward in central Iowa. The recreation trail opened on April 30, 2011. It is a paved recreational trail that runs through the Polk, Story, Boone, and Dallas counties. The trail's name is derived from a former 1913 bridge that spanned the Des Moines River between the towns of Madrid and Woodward. Conservation board directors and the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation estimate that more than 3,000 people use this trail each week. The trail is a major component of a", "id": "10959275" }, { "contents": "Cannon Valley Trail\n\n\nThe Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing. Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW", "id": "19411630" }, { "contents": "Dutchess Rail Trail\n\n\nwas double tracked, allowing for a simultaneous paved and packed dirt trail. In January 2012, a 1-mile stretch of property was purchased from CSX Transportation. An effort was made to develop this stretch of property in 2013, resulting in connections with Walkway Over the Hudson and the Hudson Valley Rail Trail. The railroad line was built in 1892 by the Central New England Railway; it was severed by a fire on the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974. Dutchess County originally purchased the Maybrook Line to build a limited access highway to Interstate 84", "id": "1685096" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Central Lakes State Trail is a paved recreational rail trail in central Minnesota, USA, running along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail is marked with mileposts every mile, corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad line. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The trail begins in Osakis at the western end of the Lake Wobegon Trail and runs parallel to Interstate 94 before ending in Fergus Falls. This trail passes through the towns of Nelson, Alexandria, Garfield, Brandon,", "id": "8504440" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The main trail is a trail along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line, beginning near milepost 81 in St. Joseph and ending near milepost 130 in Osakis. This trail runs parallel to I-94. The trail", "id": "7951626" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\npasses through the cities of Avon, Albany, Freeport, Melrose, Sauk Centre, and West Union. Beyond Osakis, the trail continues as the Central Lakes Trail. These two trails form a continuous trail from St. Joseph to Fergus Falls. The extension trail intersects near milepost 97 of the main trail in Albany. The extension trail is a trail along a former Soo Line Railroad line, beginning near milepost 131 in Albany passing through Albany, Krain and Holding Townships and ending northeast of Holdingford at approx. milepost 143.5, passing", "id": "7951627" }, { "contents": "Heartland State Trail\n\n\nThe Heartland State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, USA. It runs between Park Rapids and Cass Lake, intersecting with the Paul Bunyan State Trail around Walker. The entire route is paved, with a parallel grass trackway along the southern half for horseback riding and mountain biking. The northern half of the trail has some parallel trackway for snowmobiles. A segment north of Walker traverses very hilly terrain to appeal to snowmobilers; other users can follow a marked alternate route on paved road shoulders", "id": "18296395" }, { "contents": "Glacial Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Glacial Lakes State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in south-central Minnesota, USA. Developed from a former Burlington Northern Railroad grade, it traverses a landscape of lakes and gently rolling hills formed 10,000 years ago during the last glacial period. The trail currently extends from outside Willmar through the communities of Spicer, New London, and Hawick to the North Fork Crow River. Beyond that the undeveloped railbed is open for some recreational uses for another through the city of Richmond, but some of the original railroad", "id": "17680490" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run\n\n\nFour Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved non-motorized transport and recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail. In Arlington, the stream passes from the Piedmont through the Fall Line to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in a deep forested valley. The stream's eastern section", "id": "19376418" }, { "contents": "Agassiz Recreational Trail\n\n\nAgassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, USA, between Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the naturally surfaced trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The Agassiz Recreational Trail was converted from an abandoned rail bed running parallel to state highways 32 and 102. It passes through the following towns (in", "id": "14209427" }, { "contents": "Erie Lackawanna Trail\n\n\nErie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail in located in Lake County, Indiana which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of . The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in", "id": "21971553" }, { "contents": "Paul Bunyan State Trail\n\n\nThe Paul Bunyan State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, United States, running between the cities of Brainerd and Bemidji. Named after the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan of American folklore, the trail is the longest continuously paved trail in the United States. The route was part of the Burlington Northern Railroad lines abandoned in 1983. The trail currently covers a distance of . The southern extension, completed in 2012, moved the southern terminus to Crow Wing State Park. The route through Bemidji currently", "id": "15010231" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon is a 26.2 mile foot race from Holdingford, Minnesota, to St. Joseph, Minnesota, on a paved trail called the Lake Wobegon Trail. The course is USATF-certified, making it a qualifying race for the Boston Marathon. The race is sponsored and organized by the St. Cloud River Runners, a running group active since 1983 with about 150 members. The flat, straight course is run on a blacktop trail converted from freight rail lines. After starting at the high school in Holdingford, the", "id": "8840283" }, { "contents": "Yelm–Tenino Trail\n\n\nThe Yelm–Tenino Trail is a rail trail located in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The long cycling and walking trail has been constructed along the route of a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail runs parallel to State Route 507 and intersects with the Chehalis Western Trail. Trailheads are located at the trail termini in the towns of Yelm and Tenino as well as in the town of Rainier. The trail is used by bicyclists participating in the annual Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic as they ride from Yelm to Tenino", "id": "3903345" }, { "contents": "Northern Rail Trail (New Hampshire)\n\n\nThe Northern Recreational Rail Trail, also known as the Northern Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail trail in western New Hampshire, USA, running from Lebanon to Boscawen. It uses the right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad's former Northern Line, which was acquired by the State of New Hampshire in 1996. The trail is managed by the New Hampshire Bureau of Trails. The Northern Railroad built this line from Concord to White River Junction, Vermont, in 1847. The Boston-based investors", "id": "10109519" }, { "contents": "Little Valley, New York\n\n\nand Ellicottville. County Routes 5 and 14 start in the northwest corner of the town and head toward New Albion and East Otto, respectively. The Pat McGee Trail, a hiking and snowmobile rail trail that follows the path of the now-removed railroad, runs through the town parallel to Route 353. The Conservation Trail, a subset of the Finger Lakes Trail (itself a subset of the North Country Trail), passes through the town connecting the state forests therein; the two trails share a roughly one-mile wrong", "id": "16894285" }, { "contents": "Taconite State Trail\n\n\nThe Taconite State Trail extends 165 miles from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota and intersects the Arrowhead State Trail west of Lake Vermilion. On the Grand Rapids end, the trail is paved for the first 6 miles for in-line skating and biking. The rest of the trail is natural surface used primarily in the winter months for snowmobiling. In the summer, several areas contain standing water, but some areas are suitable for horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking Taconite State Trail is a scenic experience twisting through", "id": "11590151" }, { "contents": "Ashuwillticook Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Ashuwillticook Rail Trail is a former railroad corridor converted into a paved, universally accessible, scenic rail trail path. The Ashuwillticook (ash-oo-will-ti-cook) Rail Trail runs parallel to Route 8 through the towns of Cheshire, Lanesborough and Adams, Massachusetts and is used for biking, walking, roller-blading, and jogging. The trail is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Its first two phases opened in 2001 and 2004, with a 1.2-mile northerly extension opening", "id": "6836871" }, { "contents": "Onondaga Lake Park\n\n\nuses (strollers, children's bicycles with training wheels, tricycles and wheel chair users) are also permitted on this trail which is not plowed in the winter. The West Shore Trail is long from where it connects to the East Shore Recreation Trail at its most western end to its most eastern end off Exit 7 of Interstate 690. Located along the western shore of Onondaga Lake, this paved trail meanders through over 4.5 miles (ca. 7 km) of woodlands and open areas. It is used by bicyclists, walkers", "id": "8426451" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nMinnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve.", "id": "19412293" }, { "contents": "Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail (TCB), the official name of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR) Trail, is a rail trail that runs along an abandoned railroad corridor where the Northern Central Railway once operated. The trail extends 20 miles from Ashland Road in Cockeysville, Maryland to the boundary with Pennsylvania. At the Pennsylvania line, the Torrey C. Brown Trail becomes the York County Heritage Rail Trail (part of BicyclePA Route J) and continues to the city of York. The trail is wide with a stone dust", "id": "1111662" }, { "contents": "Central Massachusetts Railroad\n\n\ntowns along the former Wheelwright Branch exhibited similar enthusiasm for recreational trails along the property. In March 1985 with support from the local governments and regional planning agency the state purchased 10 miles of the line between the west end of the Connecticut River Bridge in Northampton and Amherst with the intent to convert it into a rail trail. Work began in 1992 and on July 29, 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management officially opened the Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail. By 1997 the trail extended as far as Belchertown where progress halted due to a", "id": "17724305" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nHeading east, all distances on the trail are measured from the Killarney Station which is the Mile zero marker. There is a mile marker every to mark your location at the trail, useful during emergencies. The trail runs east towards downtown Oakland over the former Orange Belt Railway where it crosses the Florida Turnpike on a converted railroad bridge. The path passes through the Oakland Nature Preserve on the way through downtown Oakland (Mile 2) where there is an outpost. From Oakland to Winter Garden, the Orange Belt Railway and the", "id": "20145820" }, { "contents": "Panhandle Pathway\n\n\nThe Panhandle Pathway is a rail to trail conversion in north central Indiana, United States. It is currently about 21 miles long and runs along the former Pennsylvania Railroad Panhandle line. At the north, the trail begins in the town of Winamac, Indiana, and closely parallels U.S. Highway 35 toward its south terminus in Kenneth, west of Logansport, Indiana. As of August 2015, the trail is accessible from parking areas in Winamac, Star City, and Royal Center. The pathway has a trailhead near its south terminus at", "id": "11518683" }, { "contents": "Columbia Plateau Trail\n\n\nconstructed by the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway Company in the early 1900s. That line's successor, the Burlington Northern Company, abandoned the line in 1987, paving the way for the state to acquire 130 miles of right-of-way, from milepost 235.0 near East Pasco to milepost 365.0 near South Cheney, in 1991. State Park management began in 1992. Standing remnants of the trail's railroad past include the historic Burr Canyon trestle built in 1908. The northern portion of the trail passes through a habitat", "id": "1634738" }, { "contents": "Bugline Trail\n\n\nThe Bugline Recreation Trail is a paved 16-mile trail located on the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and Pacific Railroad right-of-way in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. The trail stretches between Appleton Ave (Wisconsin Highway 175) in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States to just east of North Lake in the Town of Merton. A separate 4-foot-wide bridle trail adjacent to the original 8-foot-wide recreation trail extends 2.5 miles from The Ranch in Menomonee Falls to Menomonee Park where it joins the Park bridle trails", "id": "14315703" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nthrough Holdingford. This bicycle trail continues beyond milepost 143.5 as the Soo Line Trail, crossing the Mississippi River at the Blanchard Dam, changing from asphalt to gravel at U.S. 10 south of Little Falls, and extending to Onamia. The Soo Line Trail traverses Morrison County and Mille Lacs County. The extension is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota, located near Holdingford. The Saintly Seven is a completed 7 mile extension to bring the trail from St. Joseph all the way into Waite Park and Saint Cloud. The extension allows", "id": "7951628" }, { "contents": "Harlem Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Harlem Valley Rail Trail is a paved rail trail on an abandoned portion of the New York and Harlem Railroad, north of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Line terminus in Wassaic. It is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). It is maintained through an agreement between OPRHP, Dutchess County and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association. The former New York and Harlem main line was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1864, and became part of Penn Central Railroad", "id": "13113184" }, { "contents": "Mesabi Trail\n\n\nThe Mesabi Trail is a 132-mile paved bicycle trail running from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota. As of 2016, the trail is still under construction with approximately 25 miles of trail incomplete. The trail goes through the many small towns along it, such as Marble, Keewatin, Hibbing, Mountain Iron, Virginia, and Gilbert. Much of the trail runs along abandoned railroad grade. Since 2005, the Mesabi Trail has hosted a long bike ride every year in mid-August. Each stop (usually at a", "id": "3828941" }, { "contents": "Hayward, Wisconsin\n\n\nlocated, has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along existing county forest logging roads is permitted. There are 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails for winter use and 80.8 miles designated for summer use. State owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest", "id": "17383849" }, { "contents": "Great Western Trail (Iowa)\n\n\nThe Great Western Trail is a rail trail in the Des Moines metropolitan area south-central Iowa, United States. The trails is long and paved with asphalt. The trail follows the route of an abandoned line of the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, constructed in 1899 and last operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It runs between southwestern Des Moines at its north end and Martensdale at the south, passing through suburban areas, Willow Creek Golf Course, fields and farmland, and the wooded valley of", "id": "2371209" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail, Nova Scotia\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Beechville to Fairview. The trail is named for the Chain Lakes along which the trail runs. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg. They are part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route, a planned 3,000 kilometer cycling trail system. The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South", "id": "12562229" }, { "contents": "York County Heritage Rail Trail\n\n\nHeritage Rail Trail County Park is a National Recreation Trail rail-with-trail in Pennsylvania built in 1999 by the York County Rail Trail Authority (YCRTA). It connects with the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Maryland. The trail runs along the active Northern Central Railway line and forms the southernmost part of Route J in the BicyclePA route system. The York County Heritage Rail Trail is located along railroad tracks built during the nineteenth century as part of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR). The NCR was an important link", "id": "16256720" }, { "contents": "Sammamish River Trail\n\n\nThe Sammamish River Trail is a bike path and recreational trail in King County, Washington that runs along the Sammamish River from Blythe Park in Bothell to Marymoor Park in Redmond. It connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail at its north western end, and to the Redmond Central Connector at its south eastern end. The trail is paved for bicycle, inline-skate and pedestrian use and is paralleled for most of its length by an unpaved equestrian trail. It passes near the Chateau Ste. Michelle, Columbia and Silver Lake wineries", "id": "6886606" }, { "contents": "Snohomish County Centennial Trail\n\n\nintersection with Washington State Route 531 before the roadway continues north into Downtown Arlington after an underpass with Washington State Route 9. The route continues through Downtown Arlington along West Avenue before a former railroad trestle carries the trail across the Stillaguamish River and towards Bryant along Washington State Route 9. The Centennial Trail passes its final trailhead, the Nakashima Heritage Barn & Centennial Trail North, before ending at the Skagit County line south of Lake McMurray. The Centennial Trail runs on the right-of-way of the Sumas Branch of the former", "id": "1137624" }, { "contents": "Cape Haze Pioneer Trail\n\n\nThe Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway. The trail begins at the intersection of State Road 776 and Pinedale Drive in western Port Charlotte. It runs south along Pinedale Drive briefly before shifting east on to the former railroad corridor. It then proceeds south along the railroad corridor, passing near Rotonda West and crossing over Coral", "id": "14271713" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The Southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue E Northwest near the bus terminal and city hall. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida", "id": "9881595" }, { "contents": "Mill Towns Trail\n\n\nThe Mill Towns State Trail is a multi-use trail in development along the Cannon River. Currently a rail trail linking Northfield and Dundas, the trail is planned to extend southward to Faribault and eastward to Cannon Falls. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The", "id": "16299313" }, { "contents": "Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail is a paved 3.8 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the Blauvelt Free Library on Western Highway in the hamlet of Blauvelt, and ends at the intersection of Oak Tree Road in the hamlet of Tappan. The trail intersects the Old Erie Path at Depot Square in Sparkill. The trail follows the right-of-ways of two former railroads. From the southern trailhead in Tappan to Sparkill, it follows the Northern Branch", "id": "21704786" }, { "contents": "Bruce Vento Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Bruce Vento Regional Trail is a rail trail in the cities of Vadnais Heights, Gem Lake, Maplewood, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. The trail occupies an abandoned Burlington Northern Railroad corridor and intersects with the Gateway State Trail in Maplewood and continues to just east of Lake Phalen in Saint Paul. South of the lake, it continues along Phalen Boulevard and through Swede Hollow to its terminus near Seventh Street. Another spur off of Phalen Boulevard continues west, going over a long bridge that crosses very active railroad tracks", "id": "15151449" }, { "contents": "Terrace Mountain Trail\n\n\nPark (mile ); primitive camping is permitted in designated locations along the trail. The trail is marked with blue blazes and mileposts. Beginning at the south end of the lake near Weaver Falls, the first of the trail follows the old Tressler logging road onto the wooded slopes of Terrace Mountain. During a steep climb, you can stop for water at Putt's Boy Scout Camp (mile ). The trail continues through mature hardwood forest dominated by hickory, oak, and maple, with spectacular spring wildflowers. At mile", "id": "8808985" }, { "contents": "Paint Creek Trail\n\n\n1983 as the first rail trail in Michigan. The trail is in the right-of-way of the former Michigan Central Railroad and Penn Central Railroad lines. The original rail line was completed in 1872, and was in service until Penn Central's railroad operations were taken over by Conrail in 1976. The right-of-way was purchased by the Paint Creek Trail Commission in 1983 for $450,000. The trail will plan to start at Lake Orion, then stops at South Lake Orion, Goodison Orion Road, Goodison", "id": "11361335" }, { "contents": "Conewago Recreation Trail\n\n\nThe Conewago Recreation Trail is a public recreational rail trail that follows the once Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad rail corridor for a total of slightly over 5.0 miles. The trail stretches from Elizabethtown, PA to the Lebanon County Line, PA, at which point it links up to the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail which continues for another 15.0 miles. The Conewago Recreation Trail runs adjacent to the Conewago Creek running through quiet farmland and forested areas. Trail goers can enjoy walking, jogging, bicycling, horseback riding and other non-motorized recreational uses", "id": "3407872" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon\n\n\nrefers to a cafe in downtown Lake Wobegon called the \"Chatterbox Cafe\". There is a real cafe and gas station in Olivia by the same name. Olivia is in north-central Renville County. The Minnesota Rails and Trails project began creating the Lake Wobegon Trail in 1998. It now stretches from Waite Park, Minnesota just west of St. Cloud, to Freeport, Minnesota, where it forks; one trail heads northwest to Osakis, Minnesota, the other northeast to Holdingford, Minnesota and Bowlus, Minnesota, and on", "id": "12575406" }, { "contents": "Lake Bemidji State Park\n\n\ntrail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike. The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails. In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system", "id": "11692170" }, { "contents": "North Central State Trail\n\n\nThe North Central State Trail is a 62-mile (100 km) recreational rail trail serving a section of the northern quarter of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Following a route generally parallel to Interstate 75, the trail goes northward from the Michigan town of Gaylord to the top of the Lower Peninsula at Mackinaw City and connects to the North Western State Trail. It serves the towns of Vanderbilt, Indian River, and Cheboygan which connects to the Northeastern State Trail. The North Central State Trail occupies what was once", "id": "17921256" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nA short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along the former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail", "id": "19412295" }, { "contents": "Spruce Railroad Trail\n\n\nThe Spruce Railroad Trail (sometimes called Lake Crescent Trail) is a rail trail located on the shores of Lake Crescent about west of Port Angeles, Washington, and is part of the 134-mile-long Olympic Discovery Trail. The trail follows the former Port Angeles Western Railroad grade along the shores of Lake Crescent. Built during World War I for the Spruce Production Division to transport spruce from the western Olympic Peninsula for the aircraft industry, it was completed in 1919, a year too late for its intended purpose. The trail is", "id": "7465546" }, { "contents": "OC&E Woods Line State Trail\n\n\nThe OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir. Along its length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly. The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately . Beyond Olene, the trail surface is", "id": "11038009" }, { "contents": "Glacial Drumlin State Trail\n\n\nin the Southern Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Lake Kegonsa State Park, the Capital Springs State Recreation Area and at the Sandhill Station State Campground Snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowshoe hiking are permitted on the trail during the winter months. Snowmobiles are only permitted on the 39-mile limestone section of the trail but not on the paved asphalt section between Waukesha and Dousman. Snowmobiles must follow all Wisconsin snowmobile laws on this trail. Skiers and snowshoe hikers must share the trail with snowmobilers. Skiers and snowshoe hikers do", "id": "21208171" }, { "contents": "Hancock, Michigan\n\n\npartly in the city. The Jack Stevens Rail Trail runs through the city of Hancock and continues on 14 miles north to Calumet on a now-abandoned Soo Line Railroad grade. The Keweenaw Trail or Trail 3 is the main snowmobiling route to and from Houghton and Hancock, it connects to other nearby trails including the North and South Freda Trails which lead toward Lake Superior, and the Stevens Trail which goes to Calumet. Elementary-school students attend the Gordon Barkell Elementary School (formerly Hancock Elementary School), middle school students", "id": "17903027" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nThe West Orange Trail is a long multi-use rail trail owned by Orange County Parks and Recreation in Orange County, Florida, in the United States. The paved trail passes through downtown Oakland, Winter Garden, and Apopka with most of its length built on old railroad alignments. To the west of the West Orange Trail is the South Lake-Lake Minneola Scenic Trail in Lake County which was connected to the trail in 2007. There are four main stations on the West Orange Trail, each providing parking, restroom facilities", "id": "20145818" }, { "contents": "Meadowlands, Minnesota\n\n\n-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles. Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range. According to the United States Census", "id": "3264262" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nThe Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the", "id": "19539432" }, { "contents": "Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park\n\n\nThe Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States. The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is long, and averages wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from to , and total acreage", "id": "5023514" }, { "contents": "Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway)\n\n\nThe Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway) is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The", "id": "3548791" }, { "contents": "Badger State Trail\n\n\nThe Badger State Trail is a rail trail in south central Wisconsin. The trail leads from the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Madison passing through, from south to north, Monroe, Monticello, Belleville and Fitchburg. Near Monticello, the trail passes through the long, unlit Stewart Tunnel constructed in 1887. The trail was officially opened July 8, 2007. The main route of the trail follows a former rail line that was originally built by the Chicago, Madison and Northern Railroad and opened in 1887, with the first official", "id": "14059319" }, { "contents": "Rail trail\n\n\nwas developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. In Quebec, Le P'tit Train du Nord runs from Saint-Jérôme to Mont-Laurier. In Toronto, there are two rail trails, the Beltline Trail and the West Toronto Railpath. In central Ontario, the former Victoria Railway line, which runs from the town of Lindsay, Ontario, north to the village of Haliburton, in", "id": "12830745" }, { "contents": "Cheshire, Massachusetts\n\n\nserved by the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad. Most of the line was converted into the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail , an -long, , universally accessible, paved path connecting the Berkshire towns of Lanesborough, Cheshire, and Adams. The trail runs parallel to Route 8 and passes through woods and marshlands, and alongside a lake and a river, with wooded hills and Mount Greylock as a backdrop. The path and has become a popular resource for biking, walking, roller-blading, jogging, etc. The trail passes through the", "id": "21975354" }, { "contents": "Greene River Trail\n\n\nThe Greene River Trail is a non-motorized rail trail 60 miles south of Pittsburgh in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Greene River Trail runs along the banks of the Monongahela River as it winds through the former coal mining region of Greene County. The 5.2-mile trail begins in Millsboro at the Greene Cove Yacht Club, where the trail follows Ten Mile Creek for a quarter mile before turning upstream along the left (west) bank of the Monongahela River. The trail passes through Rices Landing and ends in Crucible. Plans call for the", "id": "14813403" }, { "contents": "Van Buren Trail State Park\n\n\nVan Buren Trail State Park, also known as Trail State Park, is an unimproved rail trail running along a former railroad right-of-way between Hartford, Michigan to South Haven, Michigan in Van Buren County. It is long and mostly used by horse trail riders in the summer and snowmobilers in the winter. Terrain is flat with farmland and trees. In 2004, Van Buren County took over operation of the state-owned trail after state budget problems. There is a trail pass system to pay for maintenance.", "id": "6257199" }, { "contents": "Banks–Vernonia State Trail\n\n\nThe Banks–Vernonia State Trail is a paved rail trail and state park in northwest Oregon in the United States. It runs for , primarily north–south, between the towns of Vernonia in Columbia County and Banks in Washington County on an abandoned railroad bed. Banks is about west of Portland. The wide trail is open to non-motorized uses such as hiking and biking. A wide horse trail parallels the hiking and biking trail. The rail trail crosses 12 bridges and the Buxton Trestle, a former railroad trestle bridge", "id": "6147760" }, { "contents": "Florida State Road 589\n\n\npart of the Suncoast Parkway project, a multi-use paved recreational trail called the Suncoast Trail was constructed parallel to the western side of the highway, and opened along with the Parkway itself in 2001. The trail begins at Lutz-Lake Fern Road (Exit 16), and continues north for 41 miles to the highway's terminus at US 98. Four miles north of State Road 54, an additional 6.5-mile paved bicycle trail connects the Suncoast Trail to the J. B. Starkey Wilderness Park in New Port Richey. Use of", "id": "12401397" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nSakatah Singing Hills State Trail is a paved multi-use rail trail connecting Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, US. It is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which converted it from a railroad line. The name derives from the Dakota people who lived in the region; \"Sakatah\" translates into \"singing hills\". It began as a snowmobile trail and is now shared by hikers, joggers and cross-country skiers. There are sections of parallel dirt trail for horseback riders but they are not continuous.", "id": "6829781" }, { "contents": "Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail that connects with the John Wayne Pioneer Trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road's Everett Branch (Cedar Falls-Everett, later shortened to Monroe, WA). The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall. The trail parallels the Cedar Falls Road before it heads east passing Rainbow Lake and down through the Boxley Creek drainage where a trestle bridge crosses a tributary of", "id": "18545106" }, { "contents": "Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail\n\n\npreserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007. Construction of a multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome. The eastern end of the pavement is Holloway RD in the Etoniah Creek State Forest. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)", "id": "7679575" }, { "contents": "Chippewa River State Trail\n\n\nChippewa River State Trail is a 26-mile urban-rural rail trail in western Wisconsin that follows the path of the Chippewa River. The trails runs from the spot of the confluence of the Chippewa with the Eau Claire River, at Phoenix Park in downtown Eau Claire to the town of Durand where it meets up with the Red Cedar State Trail. A former railroad corridor, the trail passes through a variety of habitat including wetlands, prairies, and sandstone bluff. The Chippewa River State Trail will eventually be part of the greater Chippewa", "id": "19531697" }, { "contents": "Thornapple Trail\n\n\nThe Thornapple Trail is the abbreviated name for the a partially completed Paul Henry-Thornapple Trail (rail trail) in west Michigan. The Middleville portion is being connected to the Kent County section which will eventually link to Kent Trails. When complete, the Paul Henry - Thornapple Trail will be a 42-mile multi-use recreation trail running from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Vermontville, Michigan. The trail was originally the Grand River Valley Railroad, constructed in 1868-69. Service on the line ended in 1983, after the state", "id": "8835070" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nWashington Parkway, the Army Corps of Engineers built an extension of the Four Mile Run Trail beneath them that connected the trail to the Mount Vernon Trail. Later that spring, more new sections of the trail opened, connecting it to the Washington & Old Dominion Trail. In 2009, a trail extension was completed near Shirlington that not only linked the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe", "id": "19539435" }, { "contents": "Oswego Recreational Trail\n\n\nThe Oswego County Recreation Trail is a multi-use rail trail in New York. The Oswego Recreational Trail actually comprises two trails which are separated by an on-road section. It follows the route of the former New York, Ontario and Western Railway, abandoned in 1957. The east portion runs from the city of Fulton's Maple Avenue to the village of Central Square, just short of Interstate 81. I-81 was built following the NYO&W abandonment and no provision was made to preserve the railroad right-of-way by", "id": "8745258" }, { "contents": "Van Cortlandt Park\n\n\nPutnam Trail (, easy), an unpaved trail, runs north through the woods to the east of this lawn and west of Van Cortlandt Lake, through the golf course and along Tibbetts Brook and the former New York and Putnam Railroad line into Yonkers, where it connects to Westchester County's paved South County Trailway. The rails themselves are overrun with weeds, but they are no longer usable by trains. The remains of the former Van Cortlandt Park station can be seen along the trail. As part of the park's", "id": "16188090" }, { "contents": "Orange Heritage Trailway\n\n\nThe Orange Heritage Trailway is a 14.5 mile rail trail in Orange County, New York, that runs along the roadbed of the Erie Railroad Main Line from Harriman to a point halfway between Goshen and Middletown, New York. The former Erie Railroad main line turns northwest at a junction and tracks terminate at the site of the now removed and demolished Nepera Chemical plant in the village of Harriman. The undeveloped roadbed continues approximately two miles through Harriman and Monroe. The paved trail begins in Harriman NY, although no trailhead exists in Harriman", "id": "14271335" }, { "contents": "Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)\n\n\nThe Rock Island Trail State Park is a long public rail trail in the west-central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2003. It passes through portions of Peoria and Stark counties. The southern end of the trail is currently located at Pioneer Parkway in north Peoria, Illinois, and the northern end is in Toulon, Illinois, the county seat of Stark County. The right-of-way served as a railroad line from 1871 to 1963, was unused in 1963", "id": "20557951" }, { "contents": "Prairie Spirit Trail State Park\n\n\nPrairie Spirit Trail State Park is a rail trail that is a Kansas State Park. The trail is built on the former right of way of the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad from Ottawa, Kansas, to Iola, Kansas. The trail runs 50 miles from its northern terminus at Ottawa, Kansas to its southern terminus at Iola, Kansas. The trail is open for use by hikers, joggers, and bicyclists year-round, from sunrise to sunset. This trail is paved with a hard-packed limestone screening outside", "id": "6599442" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nThe landscape is mostly cultivated land with remnant stands of prairie and Big Woods. The trail passes through Sakatah Lake State Park and runs through city streets in Waterville. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The route from Red Wing to Waterville was completed in 1882,", "id": "6829782" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nIt is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park.", "id": "19412294" }, { "contents": "Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes\n\n\nThe Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes is a rail trail in the northwest United States, in northern Idaho. It follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way from Mullan, a mountain mining town near the Montana border, westward to Plummer, a town on the prairie near the Washington Generally following the Coeur d'Alene River, the rail line was abandoned in 1991 and the trail officially opened in March 2004. The trail's route winds through the mountainous terrain of historic Silver Valley, into the chain lakes region, along", "id": "10102968" }, { "contents": "Northern Strand Community Trail\n\n\nprimarily runs along the Saugus Branch Railroad, a former branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The trail's right of way is leased from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for 99 years by the respective cities the trail passes through, except in Lynn; if Lynn approves the trail in their borders, they will likely sign a similar lease. Like many nearby rail-trails, these leases include a reversion clause should the right of way be deemed more useful for other transportation uses. The trail features a growing number of", "id": "19115050" }, { "contents": "Arrowhead State Trail\n\n\nThe Arrowhead State Trail is a recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota, USA, geared primarily for winter snowmobile use. It runs from an intersection with the Taconite State Trail west of Tower to an intersection with the Blue Ox Trail south of International Falls. In summer about are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, while the northern section is blocked by areas of wetness and standing water. The Arrowhead State Trail was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1974–75. It is managed by the Minnesota Department", "id": "15732221" }, { "contents": "Krushchev in Iowa Trail\n\n\nKrushchev in Iowa Trail is a planned rail trail running from Herndon, Iowa, to Coon Rapids, Iowa. It is a planned part of the American Discovery Trail. Originally known as the Corn Diplomacy Trail, the Krushchev in Iowa Trail is to be a paved recreational trail that runs through the counties of Guthrie and Carroll along an abandoned Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line. Planned trailheads A connection is planned at Herndon to the Raccoon River Valley Trail in Guthrie county. A connection is planned to Carroll, which is a terminus", "id": "4569009" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nwestern Loudoun County. Its route largely parallels the routes of the Potomac River and Virginia State Route 7 (VA Route 7). The trail connects at its origin to the paved Four Mile Run Trail, which travels eastward through Arlington along a stream embankment to meet the Mount Vernon Trail at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, near the Potomac River. The start of the trail is also accessible from the Shirlington exit (Exit 6) of Interstate 395 (I-395) (the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway). The trail parallels", "id": "21736689" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nat the trail's lowest elevation: above sea level. The trail climbs in while traveling northwest through Arlington County. While in Arlington, the trail ascends through the Atlantic Seaboard fall line while climbing upstream in the valley of Four Mile Run. The trail crosses the Run seven times in the valley on bridges whose abutments were constructed before the Civil War by the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, a predecessor of the W&OD Railroad. After crossing Columbia Pike (VA Route 244), the trail enters a steeply-sloped woodland", "id": "21736691" }, { "contents": "Columbia Trail\n\n\nof the Raritan River parallels the trail through the gorge, and is a scenic fast-flowing small river with recreational activities, especially fly fishing. A trestle carries the trail over the river in the gorge. There are few remnants of the former rail line along the trail, except for the occasional rotting railroad cross ties along the trail. There is a small section of track preserved in Califon and a small and rarely open museum dedicated to the rail line history is located in the preserved train station in the town center.", "id": "8728332" }, { "contents": "Monroe, Wisconsin\n\n\nto the city swimming pool; and Honey Creek Park, the site of a skate park. The city is the eastern starting point for the Cheese Country Trail, a 47-mile multi-purpose recreational path, and the Badger State Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian-only trail in summer and an ATV/snowmobile trail in winter. The \"Cheese Trail\" extends from Mineral Point to Monroe, while the Badger State Trail runs from the state line to Madison and connects to the Jane Addams Trail in Illinois. Both are former", "id": "17283013" }, { "contents": "Withlacoochee State Trail\n\n\nWithlacoochee State Trail is a long paved, multi-use, non-motorized rail trail in Florida located in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties. It follows along the Withlacoochee River and passes through the Withlacoochee State Forest. It is the longest paved rail trail in Florida. The original railroad line was formed sometime in the 1880s as the Inverness and Brooksville Railway. It connected with the Florida Northern Railroad in Citrus Springs and with the South Florida Railroad (SFR) in Dade City. In 1892, the Silver Springs, Ocala", "id": "16480832" }, { "contents": "Kal-Haven Trail\n\n\nthe parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped. The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding is allowed on", "id": "5253109" }, { "contents": "St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad\n\n\nfor a time. In 1978, local shippers took over the operation and it became the Lamoille Valley Railroad. In 1989, the line was leased to a Florida company and was operated by them until major flooding in 1995 and 1997 damaged the line so much that it was not profitable to repair the track. In 2002, the state of Vermont started converting the 96 mile route into a recreational trail and created the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. Milepost 0: St. Johnsbury interchange with Maine Central Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway. Milepost", "id": "688110" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nCumberland Valley Rail Trail (CVRT) is a National Recreation Trail rail trail that follows the former Cumberland Valley Railroad rail corridor for 9.5 miles, from Shippensburg to Newville, through the farmlands of western Cumberland County in south-central Pennsylvania. Historical significance The Cumberland Valley Railroad (CV) began service in the Cumberland Valley on the current CVRT corridor in 1837. In 1838 CV became the first railroad in the U.S. to offer overnight sleeping cars. Twenty years later, John Brown and his abolitionist compatriots traveled to Harpers Ferry on CV", "id": "19478189" }, { "contents": "Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail\n\n\nGainesville-Hawthorne State Trail is a rail trail in Florida. It is protected as a long Florida State Park and runs from the City of Gainesville's Boulware Springs Water Works to the town of Hawthorne. It passes through the Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park and the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area along a former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad line. The property was purchased by the state of Florida from CSX Transportation with money from the \"trails from rails\" program in late 1989. Activities include hiking, running, cycling, rollerblading, and", "id": "19673293" }, { "contents": "Summerset Trail\n\n\nThe Summerset Trail is a rail trail in Warren County in south-central Iowa in the United States. The trail is long and is paved with asphalt. It follows the route of an abandoned rail line between the cities of Carlisle at its northeastern end and Indianola at the southwest. The trail passes remnants of prairie, wetlands along the Middle River southwest of Carlisle, and woodlands north of Indianola. Trailheads are at Carlisle and Indianola, and at the trail's midpoint at Banner Lakes at Summerset State Park. The Carlisle trailhead", "id": "2470854" }, { "contents": "Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway\n\n\nwestern Washington lines remained in fairly heavy use until 1963. By 1970, most of the line was acquired by Burlington Northern Railway which filed to abandon the lines a year later in 1971. Seven years later, in 1978, the between Gas Works Park in Seattle and Tracy Owen Station in Kenmore was reopened as the Burke-Gilman Trail bike path and recreational rail trail, named after the leaders of the group that founded the railroad, Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman. The bike path and rail trail has been extended along the", "id": "17373452" }, { "contents": "Spokane River Centennial Trail\n\n\nThe Spokane River Centennial Trail is a paved trail in Eastern Washington for alternate transportation and recreational use. It is managed by Washington State Parks as the Spokane River Centennial State Park Trail. The trail extends from Sontag Park in Nine Mile Falls, Washington to the Washington/Idaho border. It passes through the cities of Spokane, Washington, Spokane Valley, Washington, Liberty Lake, Washington and the unincorporated community of Spokane Bridge, before crossing under the Interstate 90 Spokane River Bridge—traveling through Kootenai County, Idaho for approximately —", "id": "4618637" }, { "contents": "Wallkill Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Wallkill Valley Rail Trail is a rail trail and linear park that runs along the former Wallkill Valley Railroad rail corridor in Ulster County, New York. It stretches from Gardiner through New Paltz, Rosendale, and Ulster to the Kingston city line. The trail is separated from the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail by two state prisons in Shawangunk, though there have been plans to bypass these facilities, and to connect the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail with other regional rail trails. The northern section of the trail forms part of the proposed", "id": "12405545" }, { "contents": "Folsom Lake State Recreation Area\n\n\nmonths when school is still in session, evenings and weekends are the times of highest lake activity. There are 95 miles of trail at Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. These trails are used by hiker, bicyclists, runners, and horseback riders. A portion of the Western States/ Pioneer Express Trail between Sacramento and Carson City, Nevada also runs through the park. A paved bicycle trail loops around Lake Natoma, linking to Beals Point and the American River Bike Trail. Native Americans of the Maidu or Nisenan tribe inhabited the land", "id": "20827159" }, { "contents": "Zim Smith Trail\n\n\nThe Zim Smith Trail is the main multi-use trail of a network of trails in Saratoga County, New York. Extending nine miles, it connects the towns of Halfmoon, Clifton Park, Round Lake Village, Malta and Ballston Spa. It is the only trail in New York state to be designated a national recreation trail by the U.S. Department of Interior and National Park Service. The trail starts at Oak Street in Ballston Spa and runs through Malta's Shenantaha Creek Park. From there the trail passes under Interstate 87,", "id": "12911745" }, { "contents": "Old Erie Path\n\n\nThe Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking. The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad", "id": "21704717" }, { "contents": "Goodhue Pioneer State Trail\n\n\nThe Goodhue Pioneer State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in southeastern Minnesota, USA. The of trail currently exist in two segments, separated by a gap. The northern segment is a paved trail running from Red Wing, Minnesota, to the Hay Creek section of the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest near Hay Creek Township. The southern section is a natural-surface trail running northward from the Zumbrota Covered Bridge Park in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The trail corridor follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway segment that", "id": "13493095" }, { "contents": "Hank Aaron State Trail\n\n\nThe Hank Aaron State Trail is a 14-mile rail trail in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The trail is named for former Milwaukee Braves and Milwaukee Brewers right fielder Hank Aaron, and was built on a former roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. The trail begins on the shore of Lake Michigan in Lakeshore State Park (). The trail travels west through Milwaukee, passing by the Harley-Davidson Museum, Potawatomi Hotel & Casino, Miller Park, and the Wisconsin State Fair Park. The trail ends", "id": "9082958" }, { "contents": "Clive Greenbelt Trail\n\n\nClive Greenbelt Trail is an urban recreational trail in Clive, Iowa and forms part of the Central Iowa Trails network. This very busy recreational trail runs through Polk and Dallas Counties in Iowa. It is a curvy, paved asphalt and concrete trail. The trail begins at 73rd Street and Walnut Creek at the Walmart in Windsor Heights. It meanders along the north bank of Walnut Creek for to Country Club Blvd. Between the Lake Country Club dam and 142nd Street, the trail is on the street near the northshore of Lake Country", "id": "5561819" }, { "contents": "Fort Fraser Trail\n\n\nThe Fort Fraser Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Bartow to Lakeland. It runs along a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that once ran from Lakeland to Naples. The Southern terminus of the trail can be accessed from North Wilson Avenue in Bartow, immediately North of Tractor Supply Company. The Northern terminus is at the entrance to the Polk State College (Lakeland) campus in Lakeland. A paved extension of the trail runs to the Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland, a park run by Polk County", "id": "9622262" }, { "contents": "High Trestle Trail\n\n\nHigh Trestle Trail is a rail trail running from Ankeny to Woodward in central Iowa. The recreation trail opened on April 30, 2011. It is a paved recreational trail that runs through the Polk, Story, Boone, and Dallas counties. The trail's name is derived from a former 1913 bridge that spanned the Des Moines River between the towns of Madrid and Woodward. Conservation board directors and the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation estimate that more than 3,000 people use this trail each week. The trail is a major component of a", "id": "10959275" }, { "contents": "Cannon Valley Trail\n\n\nThe Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing. Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW", "id": "19411630" }, { "contents": "Dutchess Rail Trail\n\n\nwas double tracked, allowing for a simultaneous paved and packed dirt trail. In January 2012, a 1-mile stretch of property was purchased from CSX Transportation. An effort was made to develop this stretch of property in 2013, resulting in connections with Walkway Over the Hudson and the Hudson Valley Rail Trail. The railroad line was built in 1892 by the Central New England Railway; it was severed by a fire on the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974. Dutchess County originally purchased the Maybrook Line to build a limited access highway to Interstate 84", "id": "1685096" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Central Lakes State Trail is a paved recreational rail trail in central Minnesota, USA, running along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail is marked with mileposts every mile, corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad line. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The trail begins in Osakis at the western end of the Lake Wobegon Trail and runs parallel to Interstate 94 before ending in Fergus Falls. This trail passes through the towns of Nelson, Alexandria, Garfield, Brandon,", "id": "8504440" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The main trail is a trail along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line, beginning near milepost 81 in St. Joseph and ending near milepost 130 in Osakis. This trail runs parallel to I-94. The trail", "id": "7951626" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\npasses through the cities of Avon, Albany, Freeport, Melrose, Sauk Centre, and West Union. Beyond Osakis, the trail continues as the Central Lakes Trail. These two trails form a continuous trail from St. Joseph to Fergus Falls. The extension trail intersects near milepost 97 of the main trail in Albany. The extension trail is a trail along a former Soo Line Railroad line, beginning near milepost 131 in Albany passing through Albany, Krain and Holding Townships and ending northeast of Holdingford at approx. milepost 143.5, passing", "id": "7951627" }, { "contents": "Heartland State Trail\n\n\nThe Heartland State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, USA. It runs between Park Rapids and Cass Lake, intersecting with the Paul Bunyan State Trail around Walker. The entire route is paved, with a parallel grass trackway along the southern half for horseback riding and mountain biking. The northern half of the trail has some parallel trackway for snowmobiles. A segment north of Walker traverses very hilly terrain to appeal to snowmobilers; other users can follow a marked alternate route on paved road shoulders", "id": "18296395" }, { "contents": "Glacial Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Glacial Lakes State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in south-central Minnesota, USA. Developed from a former Burlington Northern Railroad grade, it traverses a landscape of lakes and gently rolling hills formed 10,000 years ago during the last glacial period. The trail currently extends from outside Willmar through the communities of Spicer, New London, and Hawick to the North Fork Crow River. Beyond that the undeveloped railbed is open for some recreational uses for another through the city of Richmond, but some of the original railroad", "id": "17680490" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run\n\n\nFour Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved non-motorized transport and recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail. In Arlington, the stream passes from the Piedmont through the Fall Line to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in a deep forested valley. The stream's eastern section", "id": "19376418" }, { "contents": "Agassiz Recreational Trail\n\n\nAgassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, USA, between Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the naturally surfaced trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The Agassiz Recreational Trail was converted from an abandoned rail bed running parallel to state highways 32 and 102. It passes through the following towns (in", "id": "14209427" }, { "contents": "Erie Lackawanna Trail\n\n\nErie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail in located in Lake County, Indiana which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of . The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in", "id": "21971553" }, { "contents": "Paul Bunyan State Trail\n\n\nThe Paul Bunyan State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, United States, running between the cities of Brainerd and Bemidji. Named after the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan of American folklore, the trail is the longest continuously paved trail in the United States. The route was part of the Burlington Northern Railroad lines abandoned in 1983. The trail currently covers a distance of . The southern extension, completed in 2012, moved the southern terminus to Crow Wing State Park. The route through Bemidji currently", "id": "15010231" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon is a 26.2 mile foot race from Holdingford, Minnesota, to St. Joseph, Minnesota, on a paved trail called the Lake Wobegon Trail. The course is USATF-certified, making it a qualifying race for the Boston Marathon. The race is sponsored and organized by the St. Cloud River Runners, a running group active since 1983 with about 150 members. The flat, straight course is run on a blacktop trail converted from freight rail lines. After starting at the high school in Holdingford, the", "id": "8840283" }, { "contents": "Yelm–Tenino Trail\n\n\nThe Yelm–Tenino Trail is a rail trail located in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The long cycling and walking trail has been constructed along the route of a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail runs parallel to State Route 507 and intersects with the Chehalis Western Trail. Trailheads are located at the trail termini in the towns of Yelm and Tenino as well as in the town of Rainier. The trail is used by bicyclists participating in the annual Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic as they ride from Yelm to Tenino", "id": "3903345" }, { "contents": "Northern Rail Trail (New Hampshire)\n\n\nThe Northern Recreational Rail Trail, also known as the Northern Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail trail in western New Hampshire, USA, running from Lebanon to Boscawen. It uses the right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad's former Northern Line, which was acquired by the State of New Hampshire in 1996. The trail is managed by the New Hampshire Bureau of Trails. The Northern Railroad built this line from Concord to White River Junction, Vermont, in 1847. The Boston-based investors", "id": "10109519" }, { "contents": "Little Valley, New York\n\n\nand Ellicottville. County Routes 5 and 14 start in the northwest corner of the town and head toward New Albion and East Otto, respectively. The Pat McGee Trail, a hiking and snowmobile rail trail that follows the path of the now-removed railroad, runs through the town parallel to Route 353. The Conservation Trail, a subset of the Finger Lakes Trail (itself a subset of the North Country Trail), passes through the town connecting the state forests therein; the two trails share a roughly one-mile wrong", "id": "16894285" }, { "contents": "Taconite State Trail\n\n\nThe Taconite State Trail extends 165 miles from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota and intersects the Arrowhead State Trail west of Lake Vermilion. On the Grand Rapids end, the trail is paved for the first 6 miles for in-line skating and biking. The rest of the trail is natural surface used primarily in the winter months for snowmobiling. In the summer, several areas contain standing water, but some areas are suitable for horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking Taconite State Trail is a scenic experience twisting through", "id": "11590151" }, { "contents": "Ashuwillticook Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Ashuwillticook Rail Trail is a former railroad corridor converted into a paved, universally accessible, scenic rail trail path. The Ashuwillticook (ash-oo-will-ti-cook) Rail Trail runs parallel to Route 8 through the towns of Cheshire, Lanesborough and Adams, Massachusetts and is used for biking, walking, roller-blading, and jogging. The trail is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Its first two phases opened in 2001 and 2004, with a 1.2-mile northerly extension opening", "id": "6836871" }, { "contents": "Onondaga Lake Park\n\n\nuses (strollers, children's bicycles with training wheels, tricycles and wheel chair users) are also permitted on this trail which is not plowed in the winter. The West Shore Trail is long from where it connects to the East Shore Recreation Trail at its most western end to its most eastern end off Exit 7 of Interstate 690. Located along the western shore of Onondaga Lake, this paved trail meanders through over 4.5 miles (ca. 7 km) of woodlands and open areas. It is used by bicyclists, walkers", "id": "8426451" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nMinnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve.", "id": "19412293" }, { "contents": "Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail (TCB), the official name of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR) Trail, is a rail trail that runs along an abandoned railroad corridor where the Northern Central Railway once operated. The trail extends 20 miles from Ashland Road in Cockeysville, Maryland to the boundary with Pennsylvania. At the Pennsylvania line, the Torrey C. Brown Trail becomes the York County Heritage Rail Trail (part of BicyclePA Route J) and continues to the city of York. The trail is wide with a stone dust", "id": "1111662" }, { "contents": "Central Massachusetts Railroad\n\n\ntowns along the former Wheelwright Branch exhibited similar enthusiasm for recreational trails along the property. In March 1985 with support from the local governments and regional planning agency the state purchased 10 miles of the line between the west end of the Connecticut River Bridge in Northampton and Amherst with the intent to convert it into a rail trail. Work began in 1992 and on July 29, 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management officially opened the Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail. By 1997 the trail extended as far as Belchertown where progress halted due to a", "id": "17724305" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nHeading east, all distances on the trail are measured from the Killarney Station which is the Mile zero marker. There is a mile marker every to mark your location at the trail, useful during emergencies. The trail runs east towards downtown Oakland over the former Orange Belt Railway where it crosses the Florida Turnpike on a converted railroad bridge. The path passes through the Oakland Nature Preserve on the way through downtown Oakland (Mile 2) where there is an outpost. From Oakland to Winter Garden, the Orange Belt Railway and the", "id": "20145820" }, { "contents": "Panhandle Pathway\n\n\nThe Panhandle Pathway is a rail to trail conversion in north central Indiana, United States. It is currently about 21 miles long and runs along the former Pennsylvania Railroad Panhandle line. At the north, the trail begins in the town of Winamac, Indiana, and closely parallels U.S. Highway 35 toward its south terminus in Kenneth, west of Logansport, Indiana. As of August 2015, the trail is accessible from parking areas in Winamac, Star City, and Royal Center. The pathway has a trailhead near its south terminus at", "id": "11518683" }, { "contents": "Columbia Plateau Trail\n\n\nconstructed by the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway Company in the early 1900s. That line's successor, the Burlington Northern Company, abandoned the line in 1987, paving the way for the state to acquire 130 miles of right-of-way, from milepost 235.0 near East Pasco to milepost 365.0 near South Cheney, in 1991. State Park management began in 1992. Standing remnants of the trail's railroad past include the historic Burr Canyon trestle built in 1908. The northern portion of the trail passes through a habitat", "id": "1634738" }, { "contents": "Bugline Trail\n\n\nThe Bugline Recreation Trail is a paved 16-mile trail located on the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and Pacific Railroad right-of-way in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. The trail stretches between Appleton Ave (Wisconsin Highway 175) in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States to just east of North Lake in the Town of Merton. A separate 4-foot-wide bridle trail adjacent to the original 8-foot-wide recreation trail extends 2.5 miles from The Ranch in Menomonee Falls to Menomonee Park where it joins the Park bridle trails", "id": "14315703" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nthrough Holdingford. This bicycle trail continues beyond milepost 143.5 as the Soo Line Trail, crossing the Mississippi River at the Blanchard Dam, changing from asphalt to gravel at U.S. 10 south of Little Falls, and extending to Onamia. The Soo Line Trail traverses Morrison County and Mille Lacs County. The extension is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota, located near Holdingford. The Saintly Seven is a completed 7 mile extension to bring the trail from St. Joseph all the way into Waite Park and Saint Cloud. The extension allows", "id": "7951628" }, { "contents": "Harlem Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Harlem Valley Rail Trail is a paved rail trail on an abandoned portion of the New York and Harlem Railroad, north of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Line terminus in Wassaic. It is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). It is maintained through an agreement between OPRHP, Dutchess County and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association. The former New York and Harlem main line was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1864, and became part of Penn Central Railroad", "id": "13113184" }, { "contents": "Mesabi Trail\n\n\nThe Mesabi Trail is a 132-mile paved bicycle trail running from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota. As of 2016, the trail is still under construction with approximately 25 miles of trail incomplete. The trail goes through the many small towns along it, such as Marble, Keewatin, Hibbing, Mountain Iron, Virginia, and Gilbert. Much of the trail runs along abandoned railroad grade. Since 2005, the Mesabi Trail has hosted a long bike ride every year in mid-August. Each stop (usually at a", "id": "3828941" }, { "contents": "Hayward, Wisconsin\n\n\nlocated, has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along existing county forest logging roads is permitted. There are 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails for winter use and 80.8 miles designated for summer use. State owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest", "id": "17383849" }, { "contents": "Great Western Trail (Iowa)\n\n\nThe Great Western Trail is a rail trail in the Des Moines metropolitan area south-central Iowa, United States. The trails is long and paved with asphalt. The trail follows the route of an abandoned line of the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, constructed in 1899 and last operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It runs between southwestern Des Moines at its north end and Martensdale at the south, passing through suburban areas, Willow Creek Golf Course, fields and farmland, and the wooded valley of", "id": "2371209" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail, Nova Scotia\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Beechville to Fairview. The trail is named for the Chain Lakes along which the trail runs. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg. They are part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route, a planned 3,000 kilometer cycling trail system. The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South", "id": "12562229" }, { "contents": "York County Heritage Rail Trail\n\n\nHeritage Rail Trail County Park is a National Recreation Trail rail-with-trail in Pennsylvania built in 1999 by the York County Rail Trail Authority (YCRTA). It connects with the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Maryland. The trail runs along the active Northern Central Railway line and forms the southernmost part of Route J in the BicyclePA route system. The York County Heritage Rail Trail is located along railroad tracks built during the nineteenth century as part of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR). The NCR was an important link", "id": "16256720" }, { "contents": "Sammamish River Trail\n\n\nThe Sammamish River Trail is a bike path and recreational trail in King County, Washington that runs along the Sammamish River from Blythe Park in Bothell to Marymoor Park in Redmond. It connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail at its north western end, and to the Redmond Central Connector at its south eastern end. The trail is paved for bicycle, inline-skate and pedestrian use and is paralleled for most of its length by an unpaved equestrian trail. It passes near the Chateau Ste. Michelle, Columbia and Silver Lake wineries", "id": "6886606" }, { "contents": "Snohomish County Centennial Trail\n\n\nintersection with Washington State Route 531 before the roadway continues north into Downtown Arlington after an underpass with Washington State Route 9. The route continues through Downtown Arlington along West Avenue before a former railroad trestle carries the trail across the Stillaguamish River and towards Bryant along Washington State Route 9. The Centennial Trail passes its final trailhead, the Nakashima Heritage Barn & Centennial Trail North, before ending at the Skagit County line south of Lake McMurray. The Centennial Trail runs on the right-of-way of the Sumas Branch of the former", "id": "1137624" }, { "contents": "Cape Haze Pioneer Trail\n\n\nThe Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway. The trail begins at the intersection of State Road 776 and Pinedale Drive in western Port Charlotte. It runs south along Pinedale Drive briefly before shifting east on to the former railroad corridor. It then proceeds south along the railroad corridor, passing near Rotonda West and crossing over Coral", "id": "14271713" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The Southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue E Northwest near the bus terminal and city hall. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida", "id": "9881595" }, { "contents": "Mill Towns Trail\n\n\nThe Mill Towns State Trail is a multi-use trail in development along the Cannon River. Currently a rail trail linking Northfield and Dundas, the trail is planned to extend southward to Faribault and eastward to Cannon Falls. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The", "id": "16299313" }, { "contents": "Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail is a paved 3.8 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the Blauvelt Free Library on Western Highway in the hamlet of Blauvelt, and ends at the intersection of Oak Tree Road in the hamlet of Tappan. The trail intersects the Old Erie Path at Depot Square in Sparkill. The trail follows the right-of-ways of two former railroads. From the southern trailhead in Tappan to Sparkill, it follows the Northern Branch", "id": "21704786" }, { "contents": "Bruce Vento Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Bruce Vento Regional Trail is a rail trail in the cities of Vadnais Heights, Gem Lake, Maplewood, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. The trail occupies an abandoned Burlington Northern Railroad corridor and intersects with the Gateway State Trail in Maplewood and continues to just east of Lake Phalen in Saint Paul. South of the lake, it continues along Phalen Boulevard and through Swede Hollow to its terminus near Seventh Street. Another spur off of Phalen Boulevard continues west, going over a long bridge that crosses very active railroad tracks", "id": "15151449" }, { "contents": "Terrace Mountain Trail\n\n\nPark (mile ); primitive camping is permitted in designated locations along the trail. The trail is marked with blue blazes and mileposts. Beginning at the south end of the lake near Weaver Falls, the first of the trail follows the old Tressler logging road onto the wooded slopes of Terrace Mountain. During a steep climb, you can stop for water at Putt's Boy Scout Camp (mile ). The trail continues through mature hardwood forest dominated by hickory, oak, and maple, with spectacular spring wildflowers. At mile", "id": "8808985" }, { "contents": "Paint Creek Trail\n\n\n1983 as the first rail trail in Michigan. The trail is in the right-of-way of the former Michigan Central Railroad and Penn Central Railroad lines. The original rail line was completed in 1872, and was in service until Penn Central's railroad operations were taken over by Conrail in 1976. The right-of-way was purchased by the Paint Creek Trail Commission in 1983 for $450,000. The trail will plan to start at Lake Orion, then stops at South Lake Orion, Goodison Orion Road, Goodison", "id": "11361335" }, { "contents": "Conewago Recreation Trail\n\n\nThe Conewago Recreation Trail is a public recreational rail trail that follows the once Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad rail corridor for a total of slightly over 5.0 miles. The trail stretches from Elizabethtown, PA to the Lebanon County Line, PA, at which point it links up to the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail which continues for another 15.0 miles. The Conewago Recreation Trail runs adjacent to the Conewago Creek running through quiet farmland and forested areas. Trail goers can enjoy walking, jogging, bicycling, horseback riding and other non-motorized recreational uses", "id": "3407872" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon\n\n\nrefers to a cafe in downtown Lake Wobegon called the \"Chatterbox Cafe\". There is a real cafe and gas station in Olivia by the same name. Olivia is in north-central Renville County. The Minnesota Rails and Trails project began creating the Lake Wobegon Trail in 1998. It now stretches from Waite Park, Minnesota just west of St. Cloud, to Freeport, Minnesota, where it forks; one trail heads northwest to Osakis, Minnesota, the other northeast to Holdingford, Minnesota and Bowlus, Minnesota, and on", "id": "12575406" }, { "contents": "Lake Bemidji State Park\n\n\ntrail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike. The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails. In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system", "id": "11692170" }, { "contents": "North Central State Trail\n\n\nThe North Central State Trail is a 62-mile (100 km) recreational rail trail serving a section of the northern quarter of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Following a route generally parallel to Interstate 75, the trail goes northward from the Michigan town of Gaylord to the top of the Lower Peninsula at Mackinaw City and connects to the North Western State Trail. It serves the towns of Vanderbilt, Indian River, and Cheboygan which connects to the Northeastern State Trail. The North Central State Trail occupies what was once", "id": "17921256" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nA short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along the former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail", "id": "19412295" }, { "contents": "Spruce Railroad Trail\n\n\nThe Spruce Railroad Trail (sometimes called Lake Crescent Trail) is a rail trail located on the shores of Lake Crescent about west of Port Angeles, Washington, and is part of the 134-mile-long Olympic Discovery Trail. The trail follows the former Port Angeles Western Railroad grade along the shores of Lake Crescent. Built during World War I for the Spruce Production Division to transport spruce from the western Olympic Peninsula for the aircraft industry, it was completed in 1919, a year too late for its intended purpose. The trail is", "id": "7465546" }, { "contents": "OC&E Woods Line State Trail\n\n\nThe OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir. Along its length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly. The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately . Beyond Olene, the trail surface is", "id": "11038009" }, { "contents": "Glacial Drumlin State Trail\n\n\nin the Southern Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Lake Kegonsa State Park, the Capital Springs State Recreation Area and at the Sandhill Station State Campground Snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowshoe hiking are permitted on the trail during the winter months. Snowmobiles are only permitted on the 39-mile limestone section of the trail but not on the paved asphalt section between Waukesha and Dousman. Snowmobiles must follow all Wisconsin snowmobile laws on this trail. Skiers and snowshoe hikers must share the trail with snowmobilers. Skiers and snowshoe hikers do", "id": "21208171" }, { "contents": "Hancock, Michigan\n\n\npartly in the city. The Jack Stevens Rail Trail runs through the city of Hancock and continues on 14 miles north to Calumet on a now-abandoned Soo Line Railroad grade. The Keweenaw Trail or Trail 3 is the main snowmobiling route to and from Houghton and Hancock, it connects to other nearby trails including the North and South Freda Trails which lead toward Lake Superior, and the Stevens Trail which goes to Calumet. Elementary-school students attend the Gordon Barkell Elementary School (formerly Hancock Elementary School), middle school students", "id": "17903027" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nThe West Orange Trail is a long multi-use rail trail owned by Orange County Parks and Recreation in Orange County, Florida, in the United States. The paved trail passes through downtown Oakland, Winter Garden, and Apopka with most of its length built on old railroad alignments. To the west of the West Orange Trail is the South Lake-Lake Minneola Scenic Trail in Lake County which was connected to the trail in 2007. There are four main stations on the West Orange Trail, each providing parking, restroom facilities", "id": "20145818" }, { "contents": "Meadowlands, Minnesota\n\n\n-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles. Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range. According to the United States Census", "id": "3264262" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nThe Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the", "id": "19539432" }, { "contents": "Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park\n\n\nThe Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States. The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is long, and averages wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from to , and total acreage", "id": "5023514" }, { "contents": "Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway)\n\n\nThe Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway) is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The", "id": "3548791" }, { "contents": "Badger State Trail\n\n\nThe Badger State Trail is a rail trail in south central Wisconsin. The trail leads from the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Madison passing through, from south to north, Monroe, Monticello, Belleville and Fitchburg. Near Monticello, the trail passes through the long, unlit Stewart Tunnel constructed in 1887. The trail was officially opened July 8, 2007. The main route of the trail follows a former rail line that was originally built by the Chicago, Madison and Northern Railroad and opened in 1887, with the first official", "id": "14059319" }, { "contents": "Rail trail\n\n\nwas developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. In Quebec, Le P'tit Train du Nord runs from Saint-Jérôme to Mont-Laurier. In Toronto, there are two rail trails, the Beltline Trail and the West Toronto Railpath. In central Ontario, the former Victoria Railway line, which runs from the town of Lindsay, Ontario, north to the village of Haliburton, in", "id": "12830745" }, { "contents": "Cheshire, Massachusetts\n\n\nserved by the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad. Most of the line was converted into the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail , an -long, , universally accessible, paved path connecting the Berkshire towns of Lanesborough, Cheshire, and Adams. The trail runs parallel to Route 8 and passes through woods and marshlands, and alongside a lake and a river, with wooded hills and Mount Greylock as a backdrop. The path and has become a popular resource for biking, walking, roller-blading, jogging, etc. The trail passes through the", "id": "21975354" }, { "contents": "Greene River Trail\n\n\nThe Greene River Trail is a non-motorized rail trail 60 miles south of Pittsburgh in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Greene River Trail runs along the banks of the Monongahela River as it winds through the former coal mining region of Greene County. The 5.2-mile trail begins in Millsboro at the Greene Cove Yacht Club, where the trail follows Ten Mile Creek for a quarter mile before turning upstream along the left (west) bank of the Monongahela River. The trail passes through Rices Landing and ends in Crucible. Plans call for the", "id": "14813403" }, { "contents": "Van Buren Trail State Park\n\n\nVan Buren Trail State Park, also known as Trail State Park, is an unimproved rail trail running along a former railroad right-of-way between Hartford, Michigan to South Haven, Michigan in Van Buren County. It is long and mostly used by horse trail riders in the summer and snowmobilers in the winter. Terrain is flat with farmland and trees. In 2004, Van Buren County took over operation of the state-owned trail after state budget problems. There is a trail pass system to pay for maintenance.", "id": "6257199" }, { "contents": "Banks–Vernonia State Trail\n\n\nThe Banks–Vernonia State Trail is a paved rail trail and state park in northwest Oregon in the United States. It runs for , primarily north–south, between the towns of Vernonia in Columbia County and Banks in Washington County on an abandoned railroad bed. Banks is about west of Portland. The wide trail is open to non-motorized uses such as hiking and biking. A wide horse trail parallels the hiking and biking trail. The rail trail crosses 12 bridges and the Buxton Trestle, a former railroad trestle bridge", "id": "6147760" }, { "contents": "Florida State Road 589\n\n\npart of the Suncoast Parkway project, a multi-use paved recreational trail called the Suncoast Trail was constructed parallel to the western side of the highway, and opened along with the Parkway itself in 2001. The trail begins at Lutz-Lake Fern Road (Exit 16), and continues north for 41 miles to the highway's terminus at US 98. Four miles north of State Road 54, an additional 6.5-mile paved bicycle trail connects the Suncoast Trail to the J. B. Starkey Wilderness Park in New Port Richey. Use of", "id": "12401397" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nSakatah Singing Hills State Trail is a paved multi-use rail trail connecting Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, US. It is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which converted it from a railroad line. The name derives from the Dakota people who lived in the region; \"Sakatah\" translates into \"singing hills\". It began as a snowmobile trail and is now shared by hikers, joggers and cross-country skiers. There are sections of parallel dirt trail for horseback riders but they are not continuous.", "id": "6829781" }, { "contents": "Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail that connects with the John Wayne Pioneer Trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road's Everett Branch (Cedar Falls-Everett, later shortened to Monroe, WA). The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall. The trail parallels the Cedar Falls Road before it heads east passing Rainbow Lake and down through the Boxley Creek drainage where a trestle bridge crosses a tributary of", "id": "18545106" }, { "contents": "Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail\n\n\npreserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007. Construction of a multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome. The eastern end of the pavement is Holloway RD in the Etoniah Creek State Forest. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)", "id": "7679575" }, { "contents": "Chippewa River State Trail\n\n\nChippewa River State Trail is a 26-mile urban-rural rail trail in western Wisconsin that follows the path of the Chippewa River. The trails runs from the spot of the confluence of the Chippewa with the Eau Claire River, at Phoenix Park in downtown Eau Claire to the town of Durand where it meets up with the Red Cedar State Trail. A former railroad corridor, the trail passes through a variety of habitat including wetlands, prairies, and sandstone bluff. The Chippewa River State Trail will eventually be part of the greater Chippewa", "id": "19531697" }, { "contents": "Thornapple Trail\n\n\nThe Thornapple Trail is the abbreviated name for the a partially completed Paul Henry-Thornapple Trail (rail trail) in west Michigan. The Middleville portion is being connected to the Kent County section which will eventually link to Kent Trails. When complete, the Paul Henry - Thornapple Trail will be a 42-mile multi-use recreation trail running from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Vermontville, Michigan. The trail was originally the Grand River Valley Railroad, constructed in 1868-69. Service on the line ended in 1983, after the state", "id": "8835070" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nWashington Parkway, the Army Corps of Engineers built an extension of the Four Mile Run Trail beneath them that connected the trail to the Mount Vernon Trail. Later that spring, more new sections of the trail opened, connecting it to the Washington & Old Dominion Trail. In 2009, a trail extension was completed near Shirlington that not only linked the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe", "id": "19539435" }, { "contents": "Oswego Recreational Trail\n\n\nThe Oswego County Recreation Trail is a multi-use rail trail in New York. The Oswego Recreational Trail actually comprises two trails which are separated by an on-road section. It follows the route of the former New York, Ontario and Western Railway, abandoned in 1957. The east portion runs from the city of Fulton's Maple Avenue to the village of Central Square, just short of Interstate 81. I-81 was built following the NYO&W abandonment and no provision was made to preserve the railroad right-of-way by", "id": "8745258" }, { "contents": "Van Cortlandt Park\n\n\nPutnam Trail (, easy), an unpaved trail, runs north through the woods to the east of this lawn and west of Van Cortlandt Lake, through the golf course and along Tibbetts Brook and the former New York and Putnam Railroad line into Yonkers, where it connects to Westchester County's paved South County Trailway. The rails themselves are overrun with weeds, but they are no longer usable by trains. The remains of the former Van Cortlandt Park station can be seen along the trail. As part of the park's", "id": "16188090" }, { "contents": "Orange Heritage Trailway\n\n\nThe Orange Heritage Trailway is a 14.5 mile rail trail in Orange County, New York, that runs along the roadbed of the Erie Railroad Main Line from Harriman to a point halfway between Goshen and Middletown, New York. The former Erie Railroad main line turns northwest at a junction and tracks terminate at the site of the now removed and demolished Nepera Chemical plant in the village of Harriman. The undeveloped roadbed continues approximately two miles through Harriman and Monroe. The paved trail begins in Harriman NY, although no trailhead exists in Harriman", "id": "14271335" }, { "contents": "Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)\n\n\nThe Rock Island Trail State Park is a long public rail trail in the west-central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2003. It passes through portions of Peoria and Stark counties. The southern end of the trail is currently located at Pioneer Parkway in north Peoria, Illinois, and the northern end is in Toulon, Illinois, the county seat of Stark County. The right-of-way served as a railroad line from 1871 to 1963, was unused in 1963", "id": "20557951" }, { "contents": "Prairie Spirit Trail State Park\n\n\nPrairie Spirit Trail State Park is a rail trail that is a Kansas State Park. The trail is built on the former right of way of the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad from Ottawa, Kansas, to Iola, Kansas. The trail runs 50 miles from its northern terminus at Ottawa, Kansas to its southern terminus at Iola, Kansas. The trail is open for use by hikers, joggers, and bicyclists year-round, from sunrise to sunset. This trail is paved with a hard-packed limestone screening outside", "id": "6599442" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nThe landscape is mostly cultivated land with remnant stands of prairie and Big Woods. The trail passes through Sakatah Lake State Park and runs through city streets in Waterville. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The route from Red Wing to Waterville was completed in 1882,", "id": "6829782" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nIt is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park.", "id": "19412294" }, { "contents": "Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes\n\n\nThe Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes is a rail trail in the northwest United States, in northern Idaho. It follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way from Mullan, a mountain mining town near the Montana border, westward to Plummer, a town on the prairie near the Washington Generally following the Coeur d'Alene River, the rail line was abandoned in 1991 and the trail officially opened in March 2004. The trail's route winds through the mountainous terrain of historic Silver Valley, into the chain lakes region, along", "id": "10102968" }, { "contents": "Northern Strand Community Trail\n\n\nprimarily runs along the Saugus Branch Railroad, a former branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The trail's right of way is leased from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for 99 years by the respective cities the trail passes through, except in Lynn; if Lynn approves the trail in their borders, they will likely sign a similar lease. Like many nearby rail-trails, these leases include a reversion clause should the right of way be deemed more useful for other transportation uses. The trail features a growing number of", "id": "19115050" }, { "contents": "Arrowhead State Trail\n\n\nThe Arrowhead State Trail is a recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota, USA, geared primarily for winter snowmobile use. It runs from an intersection with the Taconite State Trail west of Tower to an intersection with the Blue Ox Trail south of International Falls. In summer about are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, while the northern section is blocked by areas of wetness and standing water. The Arrowhead State Trail was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1974–75. It is managed by the Minnesota Department", "id": "15732221" }, { "contents": "Krushchev in Iowa Trail\n\n\nKrushchev in Iowa Trail is a planned rail trail running from Herndon, Iowa, to Coon Rapids, Iowa. It is a planned part of the American Discovery Trail. Originally known as the Corn Diplomacy Trail, the Krushchev in Iowa Trail is to be a paved recreational trail that runs through the counties of Guthrie and Carroll along an abandoned Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line. Planned trailheads A connection is planned at Herndon to the Raccoon River Valley Trail in Guthrie county. A connection is planned to Carroll, which is a terminus", "id": "4569009" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nwestern Loudoun County. Its route largely parallels the routes of the Potomac River and Virginia State Route 7 (VA Route 7). The trail connects at its origin to the paved Four Mile Run Trail, which travels eastward through Arlington along a stream embankment to meet the Mount Vernon Trail at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, near the Potomac River. The start of the trail is also accessible from the Shirlington exit (Exit 6) of Interstate 395 (I-395) (the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway). The trail parallels", "id": "21736689" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nat the trail's lowest elevation: above sea level. The trail climbs in while traveling northwest through Arlington County. While in Arlington, the trail ascends through the Atlantic Seaboard fall line while climbing upstream in the valley of Four Mile Run. The trail crosses the Run seven times in the valley on bridges whose abutments were constructed before the Civil War by the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, a predecessor of the W&OD Railroad. After crossing Columbia Pike (VA Route 244), the trail enters a steeply-sloped woodland", "id": "21736691" }, { "contents": "Columbia Trail\n\n\nof the Raritan River parallels the trail through the gorge, and is a scenic fast-flowing small river with recreational activities, especially fly fishing. A trestle carries the trail over the river in the gorge. There are few remnants of the former rail line along the trail, except for the occasional rotting railroad cross ties along the trail. There is a small section of track preserved in Califon and a small and rarely open museum dedicated to the rail line history is located in the preserved train station in the town center.", "id": "8728332" }, { "contents": "Monroe, Wisconsin\n\n\nto the city swimming pool; and Honey Creek Park, the site of a skate park. The city is the eastern starting point for the Cheese Country Trail, a 47-mile multi-purpose recreational path, and the Badger State Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian-only trail in summer and an ATV/snowmobile trail in winter. The \"Cheese Trail\" extends from Mineral Point to Monroe, while the Badger State Trail runs from the state line to Madison and connects to the Jane Addams Trail in Illinois. Both are former", "id": "17283013" }, { "contents": "Withlacoochee State Trail\n\n\nWithlacoochee State Trail is a long paved, multi-use, non-motorized rail trail in Florida located in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties. It follows along the Withlacoochee River and passes through the Withlacoochee State Forest. It is the longest paved rail trail in Florida. The original railroad line was formed sometime in the 1880s as the Inverness and Brooksville Railway. It connected with the Florida Northern Railroad in Citrus Springs and with the South Florida Railroad (SFR) in Dade City. In 1892, the Silver Springs, Ocala", "id": "16480832" }, { "contents": "Kal-Haven Trail\n\n\nthe parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped. The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding is allowed on", "id": "5253109" }, { "contents": "St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad\n\n\nfor a time. In 1978, local shippers took over the operation and it became the Lamoille Valley Railroad. In 1989, the line was leased to a Florida company and was operated by them until major flooding in 1995 and 1997 damaged the line so much that it was not profitable to repair the track. In 2002, the state of Vermont started converting the 96 mile route into a recreational trail and created the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. Milepost 0: St. Johnsbury interchange with Maine Central Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway. Milepost", "id": "688110" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nCumberland Valley Rail Trail (CVRT) is a National Recreation Trail rail trail that follows the former Cumberland Valley Railroad rail corridor for 9.5 miles, from Shippensburg to Newville, through the farmlands of western Cumberland County in south-central Pennsylvania. Historical significance The Cumberland Valley Railroad (CV) began service in the Cumberland Valley on the current CVRT corridor in 1837. In 1838 CV became the first railroad in the U.S. to offer overnight sleeping cars. Twenty years later, John Brown and his abolitionist compatriots traveled to Harpers Ferry on CV", "id": "19478189" }, { "contents": "Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail\n\n\nGainesville-Hawthorne State Trail is a rail trail in Florida. It is protected as a long Florida State Park and runs from the City of Gainesville's Boulware Springs Water Works to the town of Hawthorne. It passes through the Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park and the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area along a former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad line. The property was purchased by the state of Florida from CSX Transportation with money from the \"trails from rails\" program in late 1989. Activities include hiking, running, cycling, rollerblading, and", "id": "19673293" }, { "contents": "Summerset Trail\n\n\nThe Summerset Trail is a rail trail in Warren County in south-central Iowa in the United States. The trail is long and is paved with asphalt. It follows the route of an abandoned rail line between the cities of Carlisle at its northeastern end and Indianola at the southwest. The trail passes remnants of prairie, wetlands along the Middle River southwest of Carlisle, and woodlands north of Indianola. Trailheads are at Carlisle and Indianola, and at the trail's midpoint at Banner Lakes at Summerset State Park. The Carlisle trailhead", "id": "2470854" }, { "contents": "Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway\n\n\nwestern Washington lines remained in fairly heavy use until 1963. By 1970, most of the line was acquired by Burlington Northern Railway which filed to abandon the lines a year later in 1971. Seven years later, in 1978, the between Gas Works Park in Seattle and Tracy Owen Station in Kenmore was reopened as the Burke-Gilman Trail bike path and recreational rail trail, named after the leaders of the group that founded the railroad, Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman. The bike path and rail trail has been extended along the", "id": "17373452" }, { "contents": "Spokane River Centennial Trail\n\n\nThe Spokane River Centennial Trail is a paved trail in Eastern Washington for alternate transportation and recreational use. It is managed by Washington State Parks as the Spokane River Centennial State Park Trail. The trail extends from Sontag Park in Nine Mile Falls, Washington to the Washington/Idaho border. It passes through the cities of Spokane, Washington, Spokane Valley, Washington, Liberty Lake, Washington and the unincorporated community of Spokane Bridge, before crossing under the Interstate 90 Spokane River Bridge—traveling through Kootenai County, Idaho for approximately —", "id": "4618637" }, { "contents": "Wallkill Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Wallkill Valley Rail Trail is a rail trail and linear park that runs along the former Wallkill Valley Railroad rail corridor in Ulster County, New York. It stretches from Gardiner through New Paltz, Rosendale, and Ulster to the Kingston city line. The trail is separated from the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail by two state prisons in Shawangunk, though there have been plans to bypass these facilities, and to connect the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail with other regional rail trails. The northern section of the trail forms part of the proposed", "id": "12405545" }, { "contents": "Folsom Lake State Recreation Area\n\n\nmonths when school is still in session, evenings and weekends are the times of highest lake activity. There are 95 miles of trail at Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. These trails are used by hiker, bicyclists, runners, and horseback riders. A portion of the Western States/ Pioneer Express Trail between Sacramento and Carson City, Nevada also runs through the park. A paved bicycle trail loops around Lake Natoma, linking to Beals Point and the American River Bike Trail. Native Americans of the Maidu or Nisenan tribe inhabited the land", "id": "20827159" }, { "contents": "Zim Smith Trail\n\n\nThe Zim Smith Trail is the main multi-use trail of a network of trails in Saratoga County, New York. Extending nine miles, it connects the towns of Halfmoon, Clifton Park, Round Lake Village, Malta and Ballston Spa. It is the only trail in New York state to be designated a national recreation trail by the U.S. Department of Interior and National Park Service. The trail starts at Oak Street in Ballston Spa and runs through Malta's Shenantaha Creek Park. From there the trail passes under Interstate 87,", "id": "12911745" }, { "contents": "Old Erie Path\n\n\nThe Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking. The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad", "id": "21704717" }, { "contents": "Goodhue Pioneer State Trail\n\n\nThe Goodhue Pioneer State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in southeastern Minnesota, USA. The of trail currently exist in two segments, separated by a gap. The northern segment is a paved trail running from Red Wing, Minnesota, to the Hay Creek section of the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest near Hay Creek Township. The southern section is a natural-surface trail running northward from the Zumbrota Covered Bridge Park in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The trail corridor follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway segment that", "id": "13493095" }, { "contents": "Hank Aaron State Trail\n\n\nThe Hank Aaron State Trail is a 14-mile rail trail in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The trail is named for former Milwaukee Braves and Milwaukee Brewers right fielder Hank Aaron, and was built on a former roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. The trail begins on the shore of Lake Michigan in Lakeshore State Park (). The trail travels west through Milwaukee, passing by the Harley-Davidson Museum, Potawatomi Hotel & Casino, Miller Park, and the Wisconsin State Fair Park. The trail ends", "id": "9082958" }, { "contents": "Clive Greenbelt Trail\n\n\nClive Greenbelt Trail is an urban recreational trail in Clive, Iowa and forms part of the Central Iowa Trails network. This very busy recreational trail runs through Polk and Dallas Counties in Iowa. It is a curvy, paved asphalt and concrete trail. The trail begins at 73rd Street and Walnut Creek at the Walmart in Windsor Heights. It meanders along the north bank of Walnut Creek for to Country Club Blvd. Between the Lake Country Club dam and 142nd Street, the trail is on the street near the northshore of Lake Country", "id": "5561819" }, { "contents": "Fort Fraser Trail\n\n\nThe Fort Fraser Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Bartow to Lakeland. It runs along a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that once ran from Lakeland to Naples. The Southern terminus of the trail can be accessed from North Wilson Avenue in Bartow, immediately North of Tractor Supply Company. The Northern terminus is at the entrance to the Polk State College (Lakeland) campus in Lakeland. A paved extension of the trail runs to the Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland, a park run by Polk County", "id": "9622262" }, { "contents": "High Trestle Trail\n\n\nHigh Trestle Trail is a rail trail running from Ankeny to Woodward in central Iowa. The recreation trail opened on April 30, 2011. It is a paved recreational trail that runs through the Polk, Story, Boone, and Dallas counties. The trail's name is derived from a former 1913 bridge that spanned the Des Moines River between the towns of Madrid and Woodward. Conservation board directors and the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation estimate that more than 3,000 people use this trail each week. The trail is a major component of a", "id": "10959275" }, { "contents": "Cannon Valley Trail\n\n\nThe Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing. Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW", "id": "19411630" }, { "contents": "Dutchess Rail Trail\n\n\nwas double tracked, allowing for a simultaneous paved and packed dirt trail. In January 2012, a 1-mile stretch of property was purchased from CSX Transportation. An effort was made to develop this stretch of property in 2013, resulting in connections with Walkway Over the Hudson and the Hudson Valley Rail Trail. The railroad line was built in 1892 by the Central New England Railway; it was severed by a fire on the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974. Dutchess County originally purchased the Maybrook Line to build a limited access highway to Interstate 84", "id": "1685096" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Central Lakes State Trail is a paved recreational rail trail in central Minnesota, USA, running along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail is marked with mileposts every mile, corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad line. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The trail begins in Osakis at the western end of the Lake Wobegon Trail and runs parallel to Interstate 94 before ending in Fergus Falls. This trail passes through the towns of Nelson, Alexandria, Garfield, Brandon,", "id": "8504440" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The main trail is a trail along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line, beginning near milepost 81 in St. Joseph and ending near milepost 130 in Osakis. This trail runs parallel to I-94. The trail", "id": "7951626" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\npasses through the cities of Avon, Albany, Freeport, Melrose, Sauk Centre, and West Union. Beyond Osakis, the trail continues as the Central Lakes Trail. These two trails form a continuous trail from St. Joseph to Fergus Falls. The extension trail intersects near milepost 97 of the main trail in Albany. The extension trail is a trail along a former Soo Line Railroad line, beginning near milepost 131 in Albany passing through Albany, Krain and Holding Townships and ending northeast of Holdingford at approx. milepost 143.5, passing", "id": "7951627" }, { "contents": "Heartland State Trail\n\n\nThe Heartland State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, USA. It runs between Park Rapids and Cass Lake, intersecting with the Paul Bunyan State Trail around Walker. The entire route is paved, with a parallel grass trackway along the southern half for horseback riding and mountain biking. The northern half of the trail has some parallel trackway for snowmobiles. A segment north of Walker traverses very hilly terrain to appeal to snowmobilers; other users can follow a marked alternate route on paved road shoulders", "id": "18296395" }, { "contents": "Glacial Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Glacial Lakes State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in south-central Minnesota, USA. Developed from a former Burlington Northern Railroad grade, it traverses a landscape of lakes and gently rolling hills formed 10,000 years ago during the last glacial period. The trail currently extends from outside Willmar through the communities of Spicer, New London, and Hawick to the North Fork Crow River. Beyond that the undeveloped railbed is open for some recreational uses for another through the city of Richmond, but some of the original railroad", "id": "17680490" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run\n\n\nFour Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved non-motorized transport and recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail. In Arlington, the stream passes from the Piedmont through the Fall Line to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in a deep forested valley. The stream's eastern section", "id": "19376418" }, { "contents": "Agassiz Recreational Trail\n\n\nAgassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, USA, between Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the naturally surfaced trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The Agassiz Recreational Trail was converted from an abandoned rail bed running parallel to state highways 32 and 102. It passes through the following towns (in", "id": "14209427" }, { "contents": "Erie Lackawanna Trail\n\n\nErie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail in located in Lake County, Indiana which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of . The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in", "id": "21971553" }, { "contents": "Paul Bunyan State Trail\n\n\nThe Paul Bunyan State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, United States, running between the cities of Brainerd and Bemidji. Named after the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan of American folklore, the trail is the longest continuously paved trail in the United States. The route was part of the Burlington Northern Railroad lines abandoned in 1983. The trail currently covers a distance of . The southern extension, completed in 2012, moved the southern terminus to Crow Wing State Park. The route through Bemidji currently", "id": "15010231" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon is a 26.2 mile foot race from Holdingford, Minnesota, to St. Joseph, Minnesota, on a paved trail called the Lake Wobegon Trail. The course is USATF-certified, making it a qualifying race for the Boston Marathon. The race is sponsored and organized by the St. Cloud River Runners, a running group active since 1983 with about 150 members. The flat, straight course is run on a blacktop trail converted from freight rail lines. After starting at the high school in Holdingford, the", "id": "8840283" }, { "contents": "Yelm–Tenino Trail\n\n\nThe Yelm–Tenino Trail is a rail trail located in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The long cycling and walking trail has been constructed along the route of a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail runs parallel to State Route 507 and intersects with the Chehalis Western Trail. Trailheads are located at the trail termini in the towns of Yelm and Tenino as well as in the town of Rainier. The trail is used by bicyclists participating in the annual Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic as they ride from Yelm to Tenino", "id": "3903345" }, { "contents": "Northern Rail Trail (New Hampshire)\n\n\nThe Northern Recreational Rail Trail, also known as the Northern Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail trail in western New Hampshire, USA, running from Lebanon to Boscawen. It uses the right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad's former Northern Line, which was acquired by the State of New Hampshire in 1996. The trail is managed by the New Hampshire Bureau of Trails. The Northern Railroad built this line from Concord to White River Junction, Vermont, in 1847. The Boston-based investors", "id": "10109519" }, { "contents": "Little Valley, New York\n\n\nand Ellicottville. County Routes 5 and 14 start in the northwest corner of the town and head toward New Albion and East Otto, respectively. The Pat McGee Trail, a hiking and snowmobile rail trail that follows the path of the now-removed railroad, runs through the town parallel to Route 353. The Conservation Trail, a subset of the Finger Lakes Trail (itself a subset of the North Country Trail), passes through the town connecting the state forests therein; the two trails share a roughly one-mile wrong", "id": "16894285" }, { "contents": "Taconite State Trail\n\n\nThe Taconite State Trail extends 165 miles from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota and intersects the Arrowhead State Trail west of Lake Vermilion. On the Grand Rapids end, the trail is paved for the first 6 miles for in-line skating and biking. The rest of the trail is natural surface used primarily in the winter months for snowmobiling. In the summer, several areas contain standing water, but some areas are suitable for horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking Taconite State Trail is a scenic experience twisting through", "id": "11590151" }, { "contents": "Ashuwillticook Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Ashuwillticook Rail Trail is a former railroad corridor converted into a paved, universally accessible, scenic rail trail path. The Ashuwillticook (ash-oo-will-ti-cook) Rail Trail runs parallel to Route 8 through the towns of Cheshire, Lanesborough and Adams, Massachusetts and is used for biking, walking, roller-blading, and jogging. The trail is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Its first two phases opened in 2001 and 2004, with a 1.2-mile northerly extension opening", "id": "6836871" }, { "contents": "Onondaga Lake Park\n\n\nuses (strollers, children's bicycles with training wheels, tricycles and wheel chair users) are also permitted on this trail which is not plowed in the winter. The West Shore Trail is long from where it connects to the East Shore Recreation Trail at its most western end to its most eastern end off Exit 7 of Interstate 690. Located along the western shore of Onondaga Lake, this paved trail meanders through over 4.5 miles (ca. 7 km) of woodlands and open areas. It is used by bicyclists, walkers", "id": "8426451" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nMinnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve.", "id": "19412293" }, { "contents": "Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail (TCB), the official name of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR) Trail, is a rail trail that runs along an abandoned railroad corridor where the Northern Central Railway once operated. The trail extends 20 miles from Ashland Road in Cockeysville, Maryland to the boundary with Pennsylvania. At the Pennsylvania line, the Torrey C. Brown Trail becomes the York County Heritage Rail Trail (part of BicyclePA Route J) and continues to the city of York. The trail is wide with a stone dust", "id": "1111662" }, { "contents": "Central Massachusetts Railroad\n\n\ntowns along the former Wheelwright Branch exhibited similar enthusiasm for recreational trails along the property. In March 1985 with support from the local governments and regional planning agency the state purchased 10 miles of the line between the west end of the Connecticut River Bridge in Northampton and Amherst with the intent to convert it into a rail trail. Work began in 1992 and on July 29, 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management officially opened the Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail. By 1997 the trail extended as far as Belchertown where progress halted due to a", "id": "17724305" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nHeading east, all distances on the trail are measured from the Killarney Station which is the Mile zero marker. There is a mile marker every to mark your location at the trail, useful during emergencies. The trail runs east towards downtown Oakland over the former Orange Belt Railway where it crosses the Florida Turnpike on a converted railroad bridge. The path passes through the Oakland Nature Preserve on the way through downtown Oakland (Mile 2) where there is an outpost. From Oakland to Winter Garden, the Orange Belt Railway and the", "id": "20145820" }, { "contents": "Panhandle Pathway\n\n\nThe Panhandle Pathway is a rail to trail conversion in north central Indiana, United States. It is currently about 21 miles long and runs along the former Pennsylvania Railroad Panhandle line. At the north, the trail begins in the town of Winamac, Indiana, and closely parallels U.S. Highway 35 toward its south terminus in Kenneth, west of Logansport, Indiana. As of August 2015, the trail is accessible from parking areas in Winamac, Star City, and Royal Center. The pathway has a trailhead near its south terminus at", "id": "11518683" }, { "contents": "Columbia Plateau Trail\n\n\nconstructed by the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway Company in the early 1900s. That line's successor, the Burlington Northern Company, abandoned the line in 1987, paving the way for the state to acquire 130 miles of right-of-way, from milepost 235.0 near East Pasco to milepost 365.0 near South Cheney, in 1991. State Park management began in 1992. Standing remnants of the trail's railroad past include the historic Burr Canyon trestle built in 1908. The northern portion of the trail passes through a habitat", "id": "1634738" }, { "contents": "Bugline Trail\n\n\nThe Bugline Recreation Trail is a paved 16-mile trail located on the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and Pacific Railroad right-of-way in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. The trail stretches between Appleton Ave (Wisconsin Highway 175) in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States to just east of North Lake in the Town of Merton. A separate 4-foot-wide bridle trail adjacent to the original 8-foot-wide recreation trail extends 2.5 miles from The Ranch in Menomonee Falls to Menomonee Park where it joins the Park bridle trails", "id": "14315703" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nthrough Holdingford. This bicycle trail continues beyond milepost 143.5 as the Soo Line Trail, crossing the Mississippi River at the Blanchard Dam, changing from asphalt to gravel at U.S. 10 south of Little Falls, and extending to Onamia. The Soo Line Trail traverses Morrison County and Mille Lacs County. The extension is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota, located near Holdingford. The Saintly Seven is a completed 7 mile extension to bring the trail from St. Joseph all the way into Waite Park and Saint Cloud. The extension allows", "id": "7951628" }, { "contents": "Harlem Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Harlem Valley Rail Trail is a paved rail trail on an abandoned portion of the New York and Harlem Railroad, north of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Line terminus in Wassaic. It is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). It is maintained through an agreement between OPRHP, Dutchess County and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association. The former New York and Harlem main line was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1864, and became part of Penn Central Railroad", "id": "13113184" }, { "contents": "Mesabi Trail\n\n\nThe Mesabi Trail is a 132-mile paved bicycle trail running from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota. As of 2016, the trail is still under construction with approximately 25 miles of trail incomplete. The trail goes through the many small towns along it, such as Marble, Keewatin, Hibbing, Mountain Iron, Virginia, and Gilbert. Much of the trail runs along abandoned railroad grade. Since 2005, the Mesabi Trail has hosted a long bike ride every year in mid-August. Each stop (usually at a", "id": "3828941" }, { "contents": "Hayward, Wisconsin\n\n\nlocated, has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along existing county forest logging roads is permitted. There are 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails for winter use and 80.8 miles designated for summer use. State owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest", "id": "17383849" }, { "contents": "Great Western Trail (Iowa)\n\n\nThe Great Western Trail is a rail trail in the Des Moines metropolitan area south-central Iowa, United States. The trails is long and paved with asphalt. The trail follows the route of an abandoned line of the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, constructed in 1899 and last operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It runs between southwestern Des Moines at its north end and Martensdale at the south, passing through suburban areas, Willow Creek Golf Course, fields and farmland, and the wooded valley of", "id": "2371209" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail, Nova Scotia\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Beechville to Fairview. The trail is named for the Chain Lakes along which the trail runs. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg. They are part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route, a planned 3,000 kilometer cycling trail system. The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South", "id": "12562229" }, { "contents": "York County Heritage Rail Trail\n\n\nHeritage Rail Trail County Park is a National Recreation Trail rail-with-trail in Pennsylvania built in 1999 by the York County Rail Trail Authority (YCRTA). It connects with the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Maryland. The trail runs along the active Northern Central Railway line and forms the southernmost part of Route J in the BicyclePA route system. The York County Heritage Rail Trail is located along railroad tracks built during the nineteenth century as part of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR). The NCR was an important link", "id": "16256720" }, { "contents": "Sammamish River Trail\n\n\nThe Sammamish River Trail is a bike path and recreational trail in King County, Washington that runs along the Sammamish River from Blythe Park in Bothell to Marymoor Park in Redmond. It connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail at its north western end, and to the Redmond Central Connector at its south eastern end. The trail is paved for bicycle, inline-skate and pedestrian use and is paralleled for most of its length by an unpaved equestrian trail. It passes near the Chateau Ste. Michelle, Columbia and Silver Lake wineries", "id": "6886606" }, { "contents": "Snohomish County Centennial Trail\n\n\nintersection with Washington State Route 531 before the roadway continues north into Downtown Arlington after an underpass with Washington State Route 9. The route continues through Downtown Arlington along West Avenue before a former railroad trestle carries the trail across the Stillaguamish River and towards Bryant along Washington State Route 9. The Centennial Trail passes its final trailhead, the Nakashima Heritage Barn & Centennial Trail North, before ending at the Skagit County line south of Lake McMurray. The Centennial Trail runs on the right-of-way of the Sumas Branch of the former", "id": "1137624" }, { "contents": "Cape Haze Pioneer Trail\n\n\nThe Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway. The trail begins at the intersection of State Road 776 and Pinedale Drive in western Port Charlotte. It runs south along Pinedale Drive briefly before shifting east on to the former railroad corridor. It then proceeds south along the railroad corridor, passing near Rotonda West and crossing over Coral", "id": "14271713" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The Southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue E Northwest near the bus terminal and city hall. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida", "id": "9881595" }, { "contents": "Mill Towns Trail\n\n\nThe Mill Towns State Trail is a multi-use trail in development along the Cannon River. Currently a rail trail linking Northfield and Dundas, the trail is planned to extend southward to Faribault and eastward to Cannon Falls. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The", "id": "16299313" }, { "contents": "Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail is a paved 3.8 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the Blauvelt Free Library on Western Highway in the hamlet of Blauvelt, and ends at the intersection of Oak Tree Road in the hamlet of Tappan. The trail intersects the Old Erie Path at Depot Square in Sparkill. The trail follows the right-of-ways of two former railroads. From the southern trailhead in Tappan to Sparkill, it follows the Northern Branch", "id": "21704786" }, { "contents": "Bruce Vento Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Bruce Vento Regional Trail is a rail trail in the cities of Vadnais Heights, Gem Lake, Maplewood, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. The trail occupies an abandoned Burlington Northern Railroad corridor and intersects with the Gateway State Trail in Maplewood and continues to just east of Lake Phalen in Saint Paul. South of the lake, it continues along Phalen Boulevard and through Swede Hollow to its terminus near Seventh Street. Another spur off of Phalen Boulevard continues west, going over a long bridge that crosses very active railroad tracks", "id": "15151449" }, { "contents": "Terrace Mountain Trail\n\n\nPark (mile ); primitive camping is permitted in designated locations along the trail. The trail is marked with blue blazes and mileposts. Beginning at the south end of the lake near Weaver Falls, the first of the trail follows the old Tressler logging road onto the wooded slopes of Terrace Mountain. During a steep climb, you can stop for water at Putt's Boy Scout Camp (mile ). The trail continues through mature hardwood forest dominated by hickory, oak, and maple, with spectacular spring wildflowers. At mile", "id": "8808985" }, { "contents": "Paint Creek Trail\n\n\n1983 as the first rail trail in Michigan. The trail is in the right-of-way of the former Michigan Central Railroad and Penn Central Railroad lines. The original rail line was completed in 1872, and was in service until Penn Central's railroad operations were taken over by Conrail in 1976. The right-of-way was purchased by the Paint Creek Trail Commission in 1983 for $450,000. The trail will plan to start at Lake Orion, then stops at South Lake Orion, Goodison Orion Road, Goodison", "id": "11361335" }, { "contents": "Conewago Recreation Trail\n\n\nThe Conewago Recreation Trail is a public recreational rail trail that follows the once Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad rail corridor for a total of slightly over 5.0 miles. The trail stretches from Elizabethtown, PA to the Lebanon County Line, PA, at which point it links up to the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail which continues for another 15.0 miles. The Conewago Recreation Trail runs adjacent to the Conewago Creek running through quiet farmland and forested areas. Trail goers can enjoy walking, jogging, bicycling, horseback riding and other non-motorized recreational uses", "id": "3407872" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon\n\n\nrefers to a cafe in downtown Lake Wobegon called the \"Chatterbox Cafe\". There is a real cafe and gas station in Olivia by the same name. Olivia is in north-central Renville County. The Minnesota Rails and Trails project began creating the Lake Wobegon Trail in 1998. It now stretches from Waite Park, Minnesota just west of St. Cloud, to Freeport, Minnesota, where it forks; one trail heads northwest to Osakis, Minnesota, the other northeast to Holdingford, Minnesota and Bowlus, Minnesota, and on", "id": "12575406" }, { "contents": "Lake Bemidji State Park\n\n\ntrail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike. The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails. In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system", "id": "11692170" }, { "contents": "North Central State Trail\n\n\nThe North Central State Trail is a 62-mile (100 km) recreational rail trail serving a section of the northern quarter of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Following a route generally parallel to Interstate 75, the trail goes northward from the Michigan town of Gaylord to the top of the Lower Peninsula at Mackinaw City and connects to the North Western State Trail. It serves the towns of Vanderbilt, Indian River, and Cheboygan which connects to the Northeastern State Trail. The North Central State Trail occupies what was once", "id": "17921256" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nA short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along the former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail", "id": "19412295" }, { "contents": "Spruce Railroad Trail\n\n\nThe Spruce Railroad Trail (sometimes called Lake Crescent Trail) is a rail trail located on the shores of Lake Crescent about west of Port Angeles, Washington, and is part of the 134-mile-long Olympic Discovery Trail. The trail follows the former Port Angeles Western Railroad grade along the shores of Lake Crescent. Built during World War I for the Spruce Production Division to transport spruce from the western Olympic Peninsula for the aircraft industry, it was completed in 1919, a year too late for its intended purpose. The trail is", "id": "7465546" }, { "contents": "OC&E Woods Line State Trail\n\n\nThe OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir. Along its length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly. The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately . Beyond Olene, the trail surface is", "id": "11038009" }, { "contents": "Glacial Drumlin State Trail\n\n\nin the Southern Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Lake Kegonsa State Park, the Capital Springs State Recreation Area and at the Sandhill Station State Campground Snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowshoe hiking are permitted on the trail during the winter months. Snowmobiles are only permitted on the 39-mile limestone section of the trail but not on the paved asphalt section between Waukesha and Dousman. Snowmobiles must follow all Wisconsin snowmobile laws on this trail. Skiers and snowshoe hikers must share the trail with snowmobilers. Skiers and snowshoe hikers do", "id": "21208171" }, { "contents": "Hancock, Michigan\n\n\npartly in the city. The Jack Stevens Rail Trail runs through the city of Hancock and continues on 14 miles north to Calumet on a now-abandoned Soo Line Railroad grade. The Keweenaw Trail or Trail 3 is the main snowmobiling route to and from Houghton and Hancock, it connects to other nearby trails including the North and South Freda Trails which lead toward Lake Superior, and the Stevens Trail which goes to Calumet. Elementary-school students attend the Gordon Barkell Elementary School (formerly Hancock Elementary School), middle school students", "id": "17903027" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nThe West Orange Trail is a long multi-use rail trail owned by Orange County Parks and Recreation in Orange County, Florida, in the United States. The paved trail passes through downtown Oakland, Winter Garden, and Apopka with most of its length built on old railroad alignments. To the west of the West Orange Trail is the South Lake-Lake Minneola Scenic Trail in Lake County which was connected to the trail in 2007. There are four main stations on the West Orange Trail, each providing parking, restroom facilities", "id": "20145818" }, { "contents": "Meadowlands, Minnesota\n\n\n-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles. Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range. According to the United States Census", "id": "3264262" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nThe Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the", "id": "19539432" }, { "contents": "Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park\n\n\nThe Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States. The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is long, and averages wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from to , and total acreage", "id": "5023514" }, { "contents": "Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway)\n\n\nThe Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway) is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The", "id": "3548791" }, { "contents": "Badger State Trail\n\n\nThe Badger State Trail is a rail trail in south central Wisconsin. The trail leads from the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Madison passing through, from south to north, Monroe, Monticello, Belleville and Fitchburg. Near Monticello, the trail passes through the long, unlit Stewart Tunnel constructed in 1887. The trail was officially opened July 8, 2007. The main route of the trail follows a former rail line that was originally built by the Chicago, Madison and Northern Railroad and opened in 1887, with the first official", "id": "14059319" }, { "contents": "Rail trail\n\n\nwas developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. In Quebec, Le P'tit Train du Nord runs from Saint-Jérôme to Mont-Laurier. In Toronto, there are two rail trails, the Beltline Trail and the West Toronto Railpath. In central Ontario, the former Victoria Railway line, which runs from the town of Lindsay, Ontario, north to the village of Haliburton, in", "id": "12830745" }, { "contents": "Cheshire, Massachusetts\n\n\nserved by the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad. Most of the line was converted into the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail , an -long, , universally accessible, paved path connecting the Berkshire towns of Lanesborough, Cheshire, and Adams. The trail runs parallel to Route 8 and passes through woods and marshlands, and alongside a lake and a river, with wooded hills and Mount Greylock as a backdrop. The path and has become a popular resource for biking, walking, roller-blading, jogging, etc. The trail passes through the", "id": "21975354" }, { "contents": "Greene River Trail\n\n\nThe Greene River Trail is a non-motorized rail trail 60 miles south of Pittsburgh in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Greene River Trail runs along the banks of the Monongahela River as it winds through the former coal mining region of Greene County. The 5.2-mile trail begins in Millsboro at the Greene Cove Yacht Club, where the trail follows Ten Mile Creek for a quarter mile before turning upstream along the left (west) bank of the Monongahela River. The trail passes through Rices Landing and ends in Crucible. Plans call for the", "id": "14813403" }, { "contents": "Van Buren Trail State Park\n\n\nVan Buren Trail State Park, also known as Trail State Park, is an unimproved rail trail running along a former railroad right-of-way between Hartford, Michigan to South Haven, Michigan in Van Buren County. It is long and mostly used by horse trail riders in the summer and snowmobilers in the winter. Terrain is flat with farmland and trees. In 2004, Van Buren County took over operation of the state-owned trail after state budget problems. There is a trail pass system to pay for maintenance.", "id": "6257199" }, { "contents": "Banks–Vernonia State Trail\n\n\nThe Banks–Vernonia State Trail is a paved rail trail and state park in northwest Oregon in the United States. It runs for , primarily north–south, between the towns of Vernonia in Columbia County and Banks in Washington County on an abandoned railroad bed. Banks is about west of Portland. The wide trail is open to non-motorized uses such as hiking and biking. A wide horse trail parallels the hiking and biking trail. The rail trail crosses 12 bridges and the Buxton Trestle, a former railroad trestle bridge", "id": "6147760" }, { "contents": "Florida State Road 589\n\n\npart of the Suncoast Parkway project, a multi-use paved recreational trail called the Suncoast Trail was constructed parallel to the western side of the highway, and opened along with the Parkway itself in 2001. The trail begins at Lutz-Lake Fern Road (Exit 16), and continues north for 41 miles to the highway's terminus at US 98. Four miles north of State Road 54, an additional 6.5-mile paved bicycle trail connects the Suncoast Trail to the J. B. Starkey Wilderness Park in New Port Richey. Use of", "id": "12401397" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nSakatah Singing Hills State Trail is a paved multi-use rail trail connecting Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, US. It is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which converted it from a railroad line. The name derives from the Dakota people who lived in the region; \"Sakatah\" translates into \"singing hills\". It began as a snowmobile trail and is now shared by hikers, joggers and cross-country skiers. There are sections of parallel dirt trail for horseback riders but they are not continuous.", "id": "6829781" }, { "contents": "Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail that connects with the John Wayne Pioneer Trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road's Everett Branch (Cedar Falls-Everett, later shortened to Monroe, WA). The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall. The trail parallels the Cedar Falls Road before it heads east passing Rainbow Lake and down through the Boxley Creek drainage where a trestle bridge crosses a tributary of", "id": "18545106" }, { "contents": "Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail\n\n\npreserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007. Construction of a multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome. The eastern end of the pavement is Holloway RD in the Etoniah Creek State Forest. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)", "id": "7679575" }, { "contents": "Chippewa River State Trail\n\n\nChippewa River State Trail is a 26-mile urban-rural rail trail in western Wisconsin that follows the path of the Chippewa River. The trails runs from the spot of the confluence of the Chippewa with the Eau Claire River, at Phoenix Park in downtown Eau Claire to the town of Durand where it meets up with the Red Cedar State Trail. A former railroad corridor, the trail passes through a variety of habitat including wetlands, prairies, and sandstone bluff. The Chippewa River State Trail will eventually be part of the greater Chippewa", "id": "19531697" }, { "contents": "Thornapple Trail\n\n\nThe Thornapple Trail is the abbreviated name for the a partially completed Paul Henry-Thornapple Trail (rail trail) in west Michigan. The Middleville portion is being connected to the Kent County section which will eventually link to Kent Trails. When complete, the Paul Henry - Thornapple Trail will be a 42-mile multi-use recreation trail running from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Vermontville, Michigan. The trail was originally the Grand River Valley Railroad, constructed in 1868-69. Service on the line ended in 1983, after the state", "id": "8835070" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nWashington Parkway, the Army Corps of Engineers built an extension of the Four Mile Run Trail beneath them that connected the trail to the Mount Vernon Trail. Later that spring, more new sections of the trail opened, connecting it to the Washington & Old Dominion Trail. In 2009, a trail extension was completed near Shirlington that not only linked the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe", "id": "19539435" }, { "contents": "Oswego Recreational Trail\n\n\nThe Oswego County Recreation Trail is a multi-use rail trail in New York. The Oswego Recreational Trail actually comprises two trails which are separated by an on-road section. It follows the route of the former New York, Ontario and Western Railway, abandoned in 1957. The east portion runs from the city of Fulton's Maple Avenue to the village of Central Square, just short of Interstate 81. I-81 was built following the NYO&W abandonment and no provision was made to preserve the railroad right-of-way by", "id": "8745258" }, { "contents": "Van Cortlandt Park\n\n\nPutnam Trail (, easy), an unpaved trail, runs north through the woods to the east of this lawn and west of Van Cortlandt Lake, through the golf course and along Tibbetts Brook and the former New York and Putnam Railroad line into Yonkers, where it connects to Westchester County's paved South County Trailway. The rails themselves are overrun with weeds, but they are no longer usable by trains. The remains of the former Van Cortlandt Park station can be seen along the trail. As part of the park's", "id": "16188090" }, { "contents": "Orange Heritage Trailway\n\n\nThe Orange Heritage Trailway is a 14.5 mile rail trail in Orange County, New York, that runs along the roadbed of the Erie Railroad Main Line from Harriman to a point halfway between Goshen and Middletown, New York. The former Erie Railroad main line turns northwest at a junction and tracks terminate at the site of the now removed and demolished Nepera Chemical plant in the village of Harriman. The undeveloped roadbed continues approximately two miles through Harriman and Monroe. The paved trail begins in Harriman NY, although no trailhead exists in Harriman", "id": "14271335" }, { "contents": "Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)\n\n\nThe Rock Island Trail State Park is a long public rail trail in the west-central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2003. It passes through portions of Peoria and Stark counties. The southern end of the trail is currently located at Pioneer Parkway in north Peoria, Illinois, and the northern end is in Toulon, Illinois, the county seat of Stark County. The right-of-way served as a railroad line from 1871 to 1963, was unused in 1963", "id": "20557951" }, { "contents": "Prairie Spirit Trail State Park\n\n\nPrairie Spirit Trail State Park is a rail trail that is a Kansas State Park. The trail is built on the former right of way of the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad from Ottawa, Kansas, to Iola, Kansas. The trail runs 50 miles from its northern terminus at Ottawa, Kansas to its southern terminus at Iola, Kansas. The trail is open for use by hikers, joggers, and bicyclists year-round, from sunrise to sunset. This trail is paved with a hard-packed limestone screening outside", "id": "6599442" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nThe landscape is mostly cultivated land with remnant stands of prairie and Big Woods. The trail passes through Sakatah Lake State Park and runs through city streets in Waterville. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The route from Red Wing to Waterville was completed in 1882,", "id": "6829782" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nIt is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park.", "id": "19412294" }, { "contents": "Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes\n\n\nThe Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes is a rail trail in the northwest United States, in northern Idaho. It follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way from Mullan, a mountain mining town near the Montana border, westward to Plummer, a town on the prairie near the Washington Generally following the Coeur d'Alene River, the rail line was abandoned in 1991 and the trail officially opened in March 2004. The trail's route winds through the mountainous terrain of historic Silver Valley, into the chain lakes region, along", "id": "10102968" }, { "contents": "Northern Strand Community Trail\n\n\nprimarily runs along the Saugus Branch Railroad, a former branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The trail's right of way is leased from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for 99 years by the respective cities the trail passes through, except in Lynn; if Lynn approves the trail in their borders, they will likely sign a similar lease. Like many nearby rail-trails, these leases include a reversion clause should the right of way be deemed more useful for other transportation uses. The trail features a growing number of", "id": "19115050" }, { "contents": "Arrowhead State Trail\n\n\nThe Arrowhead State Trail is a recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota, USA, geared primarily for winter snowmobile use. It runs from an intersection with the Taconite State Trail west of Tower to an intersection with the Blue Ox Trail south of International Falls. In summer about are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, while the northern section is blocked by areas of wetness and standing water. The Arrowhead State Trail was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1974–75. It is managed by the Minnesota Department", "id": "15732221" }, { "contents": "Krushchev in Iowa Trail\n\n\nKrushchev in Iowa Trail is a planned rail trail running from Herndon, Iowa, to Coon Rapids, Iowa. It is a planned part of the American Discovery Trail. Originally known as the Corn Diplomacy Trail, the Krushchev in Iowa Trail is to be a paved recreational trail that runs through the counties of Guthrie and Carroll along an abandoned Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line. Planned trailheads A connection is planned at Herndon to the Raccoon River Valley Trail in Guthrie county. A connection is planned to Carroll, which is a terminus", "id": "4569009" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nwestern Loudoun County. Its route largely parallels the routes of the Potomac River and Virginia State Route 7 (VA Route 7). The trail connects at its origin to the paved Four Mile Run Trail, which travels eastward through Arlington along a stream embankment to meet the Mount Vernon Trail at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, near the Potomac River. The start of the trail is also accessible from the Shirlington exit (Exit 6) of Interstate 395 (I-395) (the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway). The trail parallels", "id": "21736689" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nat the trail's lowest elevation: above sea level. The trail climbs in while traveling northwest through Arlington County. While in Arlington, the trail ascends through the Atlantic Seaboard fall line while climbing upstream in the valley of Four Mile Run. The trail crosses the Run seven times in the valley on bridges whose abutments were constructed before the Civil War by the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, a predecessor of the W&OD Railroad. After crossing Columbia Pike (VA Route 244), the trail enters a steeply-sloped woodland", "id": "21736691" }, { "contents": "Columbia Trail\n\n\nof the Raritan River parallels the trail through the gorge, and is a scenic fast-flowing small river with recreational activities, especially fly fishing. A trestle carries the trail over the river in the gorge. There are few remnants of the former rail line along the trail, except for the occasional rotting railroad cross ties along the trail. There is a small section of track preserved in Califon and a small and rarely open museum dedicated to the rail line history is located in the preserved train station in the town center.", "id": "8728332" }, { "contents": "Monroe, Wisconsin\n\n\nto the city swimming pool; and Honey Creek Park, the site of a skate park. The city is the eastern starting point for the Cheese Country Trail, a 47-mile multi-purpose recreational path, and the Badger State Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian-only trail in summer and an ATV/snowmobile trail in winter. The \"Cheese Trail\" extends from Mineral Point to Monroe, while the Badger State Trail runs from the state line to Madison and connects to the Jane Addams Trail in Illinois. Both are former", "id": "17283013" }, { "contents": "Withlacoochee State Trail\n\n\nWithlacoochee State Trail is a long paved, multi-use, non-motorized rail trail in Florida located in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties. It follows along the Withlacoochee River and passes through the Withlacoochee State Forest. It is the longest paved rail trail in Florida. The original railroad line was formed sometime in the 1880s as the Inverness and Brooksville Railway. It connected with the Florida Northern Railroad in Citrus Springs and with the South Florida Railroad (SFR) in Dade City. In 1892, the Silver Springs, Ocala", "id": "16480832" }, { "contents": "Kal-Haven Trail\n\n\nthe parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped. The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding is allowed on", "id": "5253109" }, { "contents": "St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad\n\n\nfor a time. In 1978, local shippers took over the operation and it became the Lamoille Valley Railroad. In 1989, the line was leased to a Florida company and was operated by them until major flooding in 1995 and 1997 damaged the line so much that it was not profitable to repair the track. In 2002, the state of Vermont started converting the 96 mile route into a recreational trail and created the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. Milepost 0: St. Johnsbury interchange with Maine Central Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway. Milepost", "id": "688110" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nCumberland Valley Rail Trail (CVRT) is a National Recreation Trail rail trail that follows the former Cumberland Valley Railroad rail corridor for 9.5 miles, from Shippensburg to Newville, through the farmlands of western Cumberland County in south-central Pennsylvania. Historical significance The Cumberland Valley Railroad (CV) began service in the Cumberland Valley on the current CVRT corridor in 1837. In 1838 CV became the first railroad in the U.S. to offer overnight sleeping cars. Twenty years later, John Brown and his abolitionist compatriots traveled to Harpers Ferry on CV", "id": "19478189" }, { "contents": "Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail\n\n\nGainesville-Hawthorne State Trail is a rail trail in Florida. It is protected as a long Florida State Park and runs from the City of Gainesville's Boulware Springs Water Works to the town of Hawthorne. It passes through the Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park and the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area along a former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad line. The property was purchased by the state of Florida from CSX Transportation with money from the \"trails from rails\" program in late 1989. Activities include hiking, running, cycling, rollerblading, and", "id": "19673293" }, { "contents": "Summerset Trail\n\n\nThe Summerset Trail is a rail trail in Warren County in south-central Iowa in the United States. The trail is long and is paved with asphalt. It follows the route of an abandoned rail line between the cities of Carlisle at its northeastern end and Indianola at the southwest. The trail passes remnants of prairie, wetlands along the Middle River southwest of Carlisle, and woodlands north of Indianola. Trailheads are at Carlisle and Indianola, and at the trail's midpoint at Banner Lakes at Summerset State Park. The Carlisle trailhead", "id": "2470854" }, { "contents": "Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway\n\n\nwestern Washington lines remained in fairly heavy use until 1963. By 1970, most of the line was acquired by Burlington Northern Railway which filed to abandon the lines a year later in 1971. Seven years later, in 1978, the between Gas Works Park in Seattle and Tracy Owen Station in Kenmore was reopened as the Burke-Gilman Trail bike path and recreational rail trail, named after the leaders of the group that founded the railroad, Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman. The bike path and rail trail has been extended along the", "id": "17373452" }, { "contents": "Spokane River Centennial Trail\n\n\nThe Spokane River Centennial Trail is a paved trail in Eastern Washington for alternate transportation and recreational use. It is managed by Washington State Parks as the Spokane River Centennial State Park Trail. The trail extends from Sontag Park in Nine Mile Falls, Washington to the Washington/Idaho border. It passes through the cities of Spokane, Washington, Spokane Valley, Washington, Liberty Lake, Washington and the unincorporated community of Spokane Bridge, before crossing under the Interstate 90 Spokane River Bridge—traveling through Kootenai County, Idaho for approximately —", "id": "4618637" }, { "contents": "Wallkill Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Wallkill Valley Rail Trail is a rail trail and linear park that runs along the former Wallkill Valley Railroad rail corridor in Ulster County, New York. It stretches from Gardiner through New Paltz, Rosendale, and Ulster to the Kingston city line. The trail is separated from the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail by two state prisons in Shawangunk, though there have been plans to bypass these facilities, and to connect the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail with other regional rail trails. The northern section of the trail forms part of the proposed", "id": "12405545" }, { "contents": "Folsom Lake State Recreation Area\n\n\nmonths when school is still in session, evenings and weekends are the times of highest lake activity. There are 95 miles of trail at Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. These trails are used by hiker, bicyclists, runners, and horseback riders. A portion of the Western States/ Pioneer Express Trail between Sacramento and Carson City, Nevada also runs through the park. A paved bicycle trail loops around Lake Natoma, linking to Beals Point and the American River Bike Trail. Native Americans of the Maidu or Nisenan tribe inhabited the land", "id": "20827159" }, { "contents": "Zim Smith Trail\n\n\nThe Zim Smith Trail is the main multi-use trail of a network of trails in Saratoga County, New York. Extending nine miles, it connects the towns of Halfmoon, Clifton Park, Round Lake Village, Malta and Ballston Spa. It is the only trail in New York state to be designated a national recreation trail by the U.S. Department of Interior and National Park Service. The trail starts at Oak Street in Ballston Spa and runs through Malta's Shenantaha Creek Park. From there the trail passes under Interstate 87,", "id": "12911745" }, { "contents": "Old Erie Path\n\n\nThe Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking. The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad", "id": "21704717" }, { "contents": "Goodhue Pioneer State Trail\n\n\nThe Goodhue Pioneer State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in southeastern Minnesota, USA. The of trail currently exist in two segments, separated by a gap. The northern segment is a paved trail running from Red Wing, Minnesota, to the Hay Creek section of the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest near Hay Creek Township. The southern section is a natural-surface trail running northward from the Zumbrota Covered Bridge Park in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The trail corridor follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway segment that", "id": "13493095" }, { "contents": "Hank Aaron State Trail\n\n\nThe Hank Aaron State Trail is a 14-mile rail trail in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The trail is named for former Milwaukee Braves and Milwaukee Brewers right fielder Hank Aaron, and was built on a former roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. The trail begins on the shore of Lake Michigan in Lakeshore State Park (). The trail travels west through Milwaukee, passing by the Harley-Davidson Museum, Potawatomi Hotel & Casino, Miller Park, and the Wisconsin State Fair Park. The trail ends", "id": "9082958" }, { "contents": "Clive Greenbelt Trail\n\n\nClive Greenbelt Trail is an urban recreational trail in Clive, Iowa and forms part of the Central Iowa Trails network. This very busy recreational trail runs through Polk and Dallas Counties in Iowa. It is a curvy, paved asphalt and concrete trail. The trail begins at 73rd Street and Walnut Creek at the Walmart in Windsor Heights. It meanders along the north bank of Walnut Creek for to Country Club Blvd. Between the Lake Country Club dam and 142nd Street, the trail is on the street near the northshore of Lake Country", "id": "5561819" }, { "contents": "Fort Fraser Trail\n\n\nThe Fort Fraser Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Bartow to Lakeland. It runs along a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that once ran from Lakeland to Naples. The Southern terminus of the trail can be accessed from North Wilson Avenue in Bartow, immediately North of Tractor Supply Company. The Northern terminus is at the entrance to the Polk State College (Lakeland) campus in Lakeland. A paved extension of the trail runs to the Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland, a park run by Polk County", "id": "9622262" }, { "contents": "High Trestle Trail\n\n\nHigh Trestle Trail is a rail trail running from Ankeny to Woodward in central Iowa. The recreation trail opened on April 30, 2011. It is a paved recreational trail that runs through the Polk, Story, Boone, and Dallas counties. The trail's name is derived from a former 1913 bridge that spanned the Des Moines River between the towns of Madrid and Woodward. Conservation board directors and the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation estimate that more than 3,000 people use this trail each week. The trail is a major component of a", "id": "10959275" }, { "contents": "Cannon Valley Trail\n\n\nThe Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing. Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW", "id": "19411630" }, { "contents": "Dutchess Rail Trail\n\n\nwas double tracked, allowing for a simultaneous paved and packed dirt trail. In January 2012, a 1-mile stretch of property was purchased from CSX Transportation. An effort was made to develop this stretch of property in 2013, resulting in connections with Walkway Over the Hudson and the Hudson Valley Rail Trail. The railroad line was built in 1892 by the Central New England Railway; it was severed by a fire on the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974. Dutchess County originally purchased the Maybrook Line to build a limited access highway to Interstate 84", "id": "1685096" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Central Lakes State Trail is a paved recreational rail trail in central Minnesota, USA, running along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail is marked with mileposts every mile, corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad line. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The trail begins in Osakis at the western end of the Lake Wobegon Trail and runs parallel to Interstate 94 before ending in Fergus Falls. This trail passes through the towns of Nelson, Alexandria, Garfield, Brandon,", "id": "8504440" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The main trail is a trail along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line, beginning near milepost 81 in St. Joseph and ending near milepost 130 in Osakis. This trail runs parallel to I-94. The trail", "id": "7951626" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\npasses through the cities of Avon, Albany, Freeport, Melrose, Sauk Centre, and West Union. Beyond Osakis, the trail continues as the Central Lakes Trail. These two trails form a continuous trail from St. Joseph to Fergus Falls. The extension trail intersects near milepost 97 of the main trail in Albany. The extension trail is a trail along a former Soo Line Railroad line, beginning near milepost 131 in Albany passing through Albany, Krain and Holding Townships and ending northeast of Holdingford at approx. milepost 143.5, passing", "id": "7951627" }, { "contents": "Heartland State Trail\n\n\nThe Heartland State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, USA. It runs between Park Rapids and Cass Lake, intersecting with the Paul Bunyan State Trail around Walker. The entire route is paved, with a parallel grass trackway along the southern half for horseback riding and mountain biking. The northern half of the trail has some parallel trackway for snowmobiles. A segment north of Walker traverses very hilly terrain to appeal to snowmobilers; other users can follow a marked alternate route on paved road shoulders", "id": "18296395" }, { "contents": "Glacial Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Glacial Lakes State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in south-central Minnesota, USA. Developed from a former Burlington Northern Railroad grade, it traverses a landscape of lakes and gently rolling hills formed 10,000 years ago during the last glacial period. The trail currently extends from outside Willmar through the communities of Spicer, New London, and Hawick to the North Fork Crow River. Beyond that the undeveloped railbed is open for some recreational uses for another through the city of Richmond, but some of the original railroad", "id": "17680490" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run\n\n\nFour Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved non-motorized transport and recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail. In Arlington, the stream passes from the Piedmont through the Fall Line to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in a deep forested valley. The stream's eastern section", "id": "19376418" }, { "contents": "Agassiz Recreational Trail\n\n\nAgassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, USA, between Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the naturally surfaced trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The Agassiz Recreational Trail was converted from an abandoned rail bed running parallel to state highways 32 and 102. It passes through the following towns (in", "id": "14209427" }, { "contents": "Erie Lackawanna Trail\n\n\nErie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail in located in Lake County, Indiana which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of . The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in", "id": "21971553" }, { "contents": "Paul Bunyan State Trail\n\n\nThe Paul Bunyan State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, United States, running between the cities of Brainerd and Bemidji. Named after the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan of American folklore, the trail is the longest continuously paved trail in the United States. The route was part of the Burlington Northern Railroad lines abandoned in 1983. The trail currently covers a distance of . The southern extension, completed in 2012, moved the southern terminus to Crow Wing State Park. The route through Bemidji currently", "id": "15010231" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon is a 26.2 mile foot race from Holdingford, Minnesota, to St. Joseph, Minnesota, on a paved trail called the Lake Wobegon Trail. The course is USATF-certified, making it a qualifying race for the Boston Marathon. The race is sponsored and organized by the St. Cloud River Runners, a running group active since 1983 with about 150 members. The flat, straight course is run on a blacktop trail converted from freight rail lines. After starting at the high school in Holdingford, the", "id": "8840283" }, { "contents": "Yelm–Tenino Trail\n\n\nThe Yelm–Tenino Trail is a rail trail located in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The long cycling and walking trail has been constructed along the route of a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail runs parallel to State Route 507 and intersects with the Chehalis Western Trail. Trailheads are located at the trail termini in the towns of Yelm and Tenino as well as in the town of Rainier. The trail is used by bicyclists participating in the annual Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic as they ride from Yelm to Tenino", "id": "3903345" }, { "contents": "Northern Rail Trail (New Hampshire)\n\n\nThe Northern Recreational Rail Trail, also known as the Northern Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail trail in western New Hampshire, USA, running from Lebanon to Boscawen. It uses the right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad's former Northern Line, which was acquired by the State of New Hampshire in 1996. The trail is managed by the New Hampshire Bureau of Trails. The Northern Railroad built this line from Concord to White River Junction, Vermont, in 1847. The Boston-based investors", "id": "10109519" }, { "contents": "Little Valley, New York\n\n\nand Ellicottville. County Routes 5 and 14 start in the northwest corner of the town and head toward New Albion and East Otto, respectively. The Pat McGee Trail, a hiking and snowmobile rail trail that follows the path of the now-removed railroad, runs through the town parallel to Route 353. The Conservation Trail, a subset of the Finger Lakes Trail (itself a subset of the North Country Trail), passes through the town connecting the state forests therein; the two trails share a roughly one-mile wrong", "id": "16894285" }, { "contents": "Taconite State Trail\n\n\nThe Taconite State Trail extends 165 miles from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota and intersects the Arrowhead State Trail west of Lake Vermilion. On the Grand Rapids end, the trail is paved for the first 6 miles for in-line skating and biking. The rest of the trail is natural surface used primarily in the winter months for snowmobiling. In the summer, several areas contain standing water, but some areas are suitable for horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking Taconite State Trail is a scenic experience twisting through", "id": "11590151" }, { "contents": "Ashuwillticook Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Ashuwillticook Rail Trail is a former railroad corridor converted into a paved, universally accessible, scenic rail trail path. The Ashuwillticook (ash-oo-will-ti-cook) Rail Trail runs parallel to Route 8 through the towns of Cheshire, Lanesborough and Adams, Massachusetts and is used for biking, walking, roller-blading, and jogging. The trail is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Its first two phases opened in 2001 and 2004, with a 1.2-mile northerly extension opening", "id": "6836871" }, { "contents": "Onondaga Lake Park\n\n\nuses (strollers, children's bicycles with training wheels, tricycles and wheel chair users) are also permitted on this trail which is not plowed in the winter. The West Shore Trail is long from where it connects to the East Shore Recreation Trail at its most western end to its most eastern end off Exit 7 of Interstate 690. Located along the western shore of Onondaga Lake, this paved trail meanders through over 4.5 miles (ca. 7 km) of woodlands and open areas. It is used by bicyclists, walkers", "id": "8426451" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nMinnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve.", "id": "19412293" }, { "contents": "Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail (TCB), the official name of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR) Trail, is a rail trail that runs along an abandoned railroad corridor where the Northern Central Railway once operated. The trail extends 20 miles from Ashland Road in Cockeysville, Maryland to the boundary with Pennsylvania. At the Pennsylvania line, the Torrey C. Brown Trail becomes the York County Heritage Rail Trail (part of BicyclePA Route J) and continues to the city of York. The trail is wide with a stone dust", "id": "1111662" }, { "contents": "Central Massachusetts Railroad\n\n\ntowns along the former Wheelwright Branch exhibited similar enthusiasm for recreational trails along the property. In March 1985 with support from the local governments and regional planning agency the state purchased 10 miles of the line between the west end of the Connecticut River Bridge in Northampton and Amherst with the intent to convert it into a rail trail. Work began in 1992 and on July 29, 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management officially opened the Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail. By 1997 the trail extended as far as Belchertown where progress halted due to a", "id": "17724305" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nHeading east, all distances on the trail are measured from the Killarney Station which is the Mile zero marker. There is a mile marker every to mark your location at the trail, useful during emergencies. The trail runs east towards downtown Oakland over the former Orange Belt Railway where it crosses the Florida Turnpike on a converted railroad bridge. The path passes through the Oakland Nature Preserve on the way through downtown Oakland (Mile 2) where there is an outpost. From Oakland to Winter Garden, the Orange Belt Railway and the", "id": "20145820" }, { "contents": "Panhandle Pathway\n\n\nThe Panhandle Pathway is a rail to trail conversion in north central Indiana, United States. It is currently about 21 miles long and runs along the former Pennsylvania Railroad Panhandle line. At the north, the trail begins in the town of Winamac, Indiana, and closely parallels U.S. Highway 35 toward its south terminus in Kenneth, west of Logansport, Indiana. As of August 2015, the trail is accessible from parking areas in Winamac, Star City, and Royal Center. The pathway has a trailhead near its south terminus at", "id": "11518683" }, { "contents": "Columbia Plateau Trail\n\n\nconstructed by the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway Company in the early 1900s. That line's successor, the Burlington Northern Company, abandoned the line in 1987, paving the way for the state to acquire 130 miles of right-of-way, from milepost 235.0 near East Pasco to milepost 365.0 near South Cheney, in 1991. State Park management began in 1992. Standing remnants of the trail's railroad past include the historic Burr Canyon trestle built in 1908. The northern portion of the trail passes through a habitat", "id": "1634738" }, { "contents": "Bugline Trail\n\n\nThe Bugline Recreation Trail is a paved 16-mile trail located on the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and Pacific Railroad right-of-way in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. The trail stretches between Appleton Ave (Wisconsin Highway 175) in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States to just east of North Lake in the Town of Merton. A separate 4-foot-wide bridle trail adjacent to the original 8-foot-wide recreation trail extends 2.5 miles from The Ranch in Menomonee Falls to Menomonee Park where it joins the Park bridle trails", "id": "14315703" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nthrough Holdingford. This bicycle trail continues beyond milepost 143.5 as the Soo Line Trail, crossing the Mississippi River at the Blanchard Dam, changing from asphalt to gravel at U.S. 10 south of Little Falls, and extending to Onamia. The Soo Line Trail traverses Morrison County and Mille Lacs County. The extension is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota, located near Holdingford. The Saintly Seven is a completed 7 mile extension to bring the trail from St. Joseph all the way into Waite Park and Saint Cloud. The extension allows", "id": "7951628" }, { "contents": "Harlem Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Harlem Valley Rail Trail is a paved rail trail on an abandoned portion of the New York and Harlem Railroad, north of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Line terminus in Wassaic. It is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). It is maintained through an agreement between OPRHP, Dutchess County and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association. The former New York and Harlem main line was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1864, and became part of Penn Central Railroad", "id": "13113184" }, { "contents": "Mesabi Trail\n\n\nThe Mesabi Trail is a 132-mile paved bicycle trail running from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota. As of 2016, the trail is still under construction with approximately 25 miles of trail incomplete. The trail goes through the many small towns along it, such as Marble, Keewatin, Hibbing, Mountain Iron, Virginia, and Gilbert. Much of the trail runs along abandoned railroad grade. Since 2005, the Mesabi Trail has hosted a long bike ride every year in mid-August. Each stop (usually at a", "id": "3828941" }, { "contents": "Hayward, Wisconsin\n\n\nlocated, has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along existing county forest logging roads is permitted. There are 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails for winter use and 80.8 miles designated for summer use. State owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest", "id": "17383849" }, { "contents": "Great Western Trail (Iowa)\n\n\nThe Great Western Trail is a rail trail in the Des Moines metropolitan area south-central Iowa, United States. The trails is long and paved with asphalt. The trail follows the route of an abandoned line of the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, constructed in 1899 and last operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It runs between southwestern Des Moines at its north end and Martensdale at the south, passing through suburban areas, Willow Creek Golf Course, fields and farmland, and the wooded valley of", "id": "2371209" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail, Nova Scotia\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Beechville to Fairview. The trail is named for the Chain Lakes along which the trail runs. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg. They are part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route, a planned 3,000 kilometer cycling trail system. The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South", "id": "12562229" }, { "contents": "York County Heritage Rail Trail\n\n\nHeritage Rail Trail County Park is a National Recreation Trail rail-with-trail in Pennsylvania built in 1999 by the York County Rail Trail Authority (YCRTA). It connects with the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Maryland. The trail runs along the active Northern Central Railway line and forms the southernmost part of Route J in the BicyclePA route system. The York County Heritage Rail Trail is located along railroad tracks built during the nineteenth century as part of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR). The NCR was an important link", "id": "16256720" }, { "contents": "Sammamish River Trail\n\n\nThe Sammamish River Trail is a bike path and recreational trail in King County, Washington that runs along the Sammamish River from Blythe Park in Bothell to Marymoor Park in Redmond. It connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail at its north western end, and to the Redmond Central Connector at its south eastern end. The trail is paved for bicycle, inline-skate and pedestrian use and is paralleled for most of its length by an unpaved equestrian trail. It passes near the Chateau Ste. Michelle, Columbia and Silver Lake wineries", "id": "6886606" }, { "contents": "Snohomish County Centennial Trail\n\n\nintersection with Washington State Route 531 before the roadway continues north into Downtown Arlington after an underpass with Washington State Route 9. The route continues through Downtown Arlington along West Avenue before a former railroad trestle carries the trail across the Stillaguamish River and towards Bryant along Washington State Route 9. The Centennial Trail passes its final trailhead, the Nakashima Heritage Barn & Centennial Trail North, before ending at the Skagit County line south of Lake McMurray. The Centennial Trail runs on the right-of-way of the Sumas Branch of the former", "id": "1137624" }, { "contents": "Cape Haze Pioneer Trail\n\n\nThe Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway. The trail begins at the intersection of State Road 776 and Pinedale Drive in western Port Charlotte. It runs south along Pinedale Drive briefly before shifting east on to the former railroad corridor. It then proceeds south along the railroad corridor, passing near Rotonda West and crossing over Coral", "id": "14271713" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The Southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue E Northwest near the bus terminal and city hall. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida", "id": "9881595" }, { "contents": "Mill Towns Trail\n\n\nThe Mill Towns State Trail is a multi-use trail in development along the Cannon River. Currently a rail trail linking Northfield and Dundas, the trail is planned to extend southward to Faribault and eastward to Cannon Falls. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The", "id": "16299313" }, { "contents": "Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail is a paved 3.8 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the Blauvelt Free Library on Western Highway in the hamlet of Blauvelt, and ends at the intersection of Oak Tree Road in the hamlet of Tappan. The trail intersects the Old Erie Path at Depot Square in Sparkill. The trail follows the right-of-ways of two former railroads. From the southern trailhead in Tappan to Sparkill, it follows the Northern Branch", "id": "21704786" }, { "contents": "Bruce Vento Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Bruce Vento Regional Trail is a rail trail in the cities of Vadnais Heights, Gem Lake, Maplewood, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. The trail occupies an abandoned Burlington Northern Railroad corridor and intersects with the Gateway State Trail in Maplewood and continues to just east of Lake Phalen in Saint Paul. South of the lake, it continues along Phalen Boulevard and through Swede Hollow to its terminus near Seventh Street. Another spur off of Phalen Boulevard continues west, going over a long bridge that crosses very active railroad tracks", "id": "15151449" }, { "contents": "Terrace Mountain Trail\n\n\nPark (mile ); primitive camping is permitted in designated locations along the trail. The trail is marked with blue blazes and mileposts. Beginning at the south end of the lake near Weaver Falls, the first of the trail follows the old Tressler logging road onto the wooded slopes of Terrace Mountain. During a steep climb, you can stop for water at Putt's Boy Scout Camp (mile ). The trail continues through mature hardwood forest dominated by hickory, oak, and maple, with spectacular spring wildflowers. At mile", "id": "8808985" }, { "contents": "Paint Creek Trail\n\n\n1983 as the first rail trail in Michigan. The trail is in the right-of-way of the former Michigan Central Railroad and Penn Central Railroad lines. The original rail line was completed in 1872, and was in service until Penn Central's railroad operations were taken over by Conrail in 1976. The right-of-way was purchased by the Paint Creek Trail Commission in 1983 for $450,000. The trail will plan to start at Lake Orion, then stops at South Lake Orion, Goodison Orion Road, Goodison", "id": "11361335" }, { "contents": "Conewago Recreation Trail\n\n\nThe Conewago Recreation Trail is a public recreational rail trail that follows the once Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad rail corridor for a total of slightly over 5.0 miles. The trail stretches from Elizabethtown, PA to the Lebanon County Line, PA, at which point it links up to the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail which continues for another 15.0 miles. The Conewago Recreation Trail runs adjacent to the Conewago Creek running through quiet farmland and forested areas. Trail goers can enjoy walking, jogging, bicycling, horseback riding and other non-motorized recreational uses", "id": "3407872" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon\n\n\nrefers to a cafe in downtown Lake Wobegon called the \"Chatterbox Cafe\". There is a real cafe and gas station in Olivia by the same name. Olivia is in north-central Renville County. The Minnesota Rails and Trails project began creating the Lake Wobegon Trail in 1998. It now stretches from Waite Park, Minnesota just west of St. Cloud, to Freeport, Minnesota, where it forks; one trail heads northwest to Osakis, Minnesota, the other northeast to Holdingford, Minnesota and Bowlus, Minnesota, and on", "id": "12575406" }, { "contents": "Lake Bemidji State Park\n\n\ntrail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike. The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails. In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system", "id": "11692170" }, { "contents": "North Central State Trail\n\n\nThe North Central State Trail is a 62-mile (100 km) recreational rail trail serving a section of the northern quarter of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Following a route generally parallel to Interstate 75, the trail goes northward from the Michigan town of Gaylord to the top of the Lower Peninsula at Mackinaw City and connects to the North Western State Trail. It serves the towns of Vanderbilt, Indian River, and Cheboygan which connects to the Northeastern State Trail. The North Central State Trail occupies what was once", "id": "17921256" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nA short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along the former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail", "id": "19412295" }, { "contents": "Spruce Railroad Trail\n\n\nThe Spruce Railroad Trail (sometimes called Lake Crescent Trail) is a rail trail located on the shores of Lake Crescent about west of Port Angeles, Washington, and is part of the 134-mile-long Olympic Discovery Trail. The trail follows the former Port Angeles Western Railroad grade along the shores of Lake Crescent. Built during World War I for the Spruce Production Division to transport spruce from the western Olympic Peninsula for the aircraft industry, it was completed in 1919, a year too late for its intended purpose. The trail is", "id": "7465546" }, { "contents": "OC&E Woods Line State Trail\n\n\nThe OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir. Along its length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly. The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately . Beyond Olene, the trail surface is", "id": "11038009" }, { "contents": "Glacial Drumlin State Trail\n\n\nin the Southern Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Lake Kegonsa State Park, the Capital Springs State Recreation Area and at the Sandhill Station State Campground Snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowshoe hiking are permitted on the trail during the winter months. Snowmobiles are only permitted on the 39-mile limestone section of the trail but not on the paved asphalt section between Waukesha and Dousman. Snowmobiles must follow all Wisconsin snowmobile laws on this trail. Skiers and snowshoe hikers must share the trail with snowmobilers. Skiers and snowshoe hikers do", "id": "21208171" }, { "contents": "Hancock, Michigan\n\n\npartly in the city. The Jack Stevens Rail Trail runs through the city of Hancock and continues on 14 miles north to Calumet on a now-abandoned Soo Line Railroad grade. The Keweenaw Trail or Trail 3 is the main snowmobiling route to and from Houghton and Hancock, it connects to other nearby trails including the North and South Freda Trails which lead toward Lake Superior, and the Stevens Trail which goes to Calumet. Elementary-school students attend the Gordon Barkell Elementary School (formerly Hancock Elementary School), middle school students", "id": "17903027" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nThe West Orange Trail is a long multi-use rail trail owned by Orange County Parks and Recreation in Orange County, Florida, in the United States. The paved trail passes through downtown Oakland, Winter Garden, and Apopka with most of its length built on old railroad alignments. To the west of the West Orange Trail is the South Lake-Lake Minneola Scenic Trail in Lake County which was connected to the trail in 2007. There are four main stations on the West Orange Trail, each providing parking, restroom facilities", "id": "20145818" }, { "contents": "Meadowlands, Minnesota\n\n\n-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles. Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range. According to the United States Census", "id": "3264262" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nThe Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the", "id": "19539432" }, { "contents": "Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park\n\n\nThe Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States. The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is long, and averages wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from to , and total acreage", "id": "5023514" }, { "contents": "Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway)\n\n\nThe Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway) is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The", "id": "3548791" }, { "contents": "Badger State Trail\n\n\nThe Badger State Trail is a rail trail in south central Wisconsin. The trail leads from the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Madison passing through, from south to north, Monroe, Monticello, Belleville and Fitchburg. Near Monticello, the trail passes through the long, unlit Stewart Tunnel constructed in 1887. The trail was officially opened July 8, 2007. The main route of the trail follows a former rail line that was originally built by the Chicago, Madison and Northern Railroad and opened in 1887, with the first official", "id": "14059319" }, { "contents": "Rail trail\n\n\nwas developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. In Quebec, Le P'tit Train du Nord runs from Saint-Jérôme to Mont-Laurier. In Toronto, there are two rail trails, the Beltline Trail and the West Toronto Railpath. In central Ontario, the former Victoria Railway line, which runs from the town of Lindsay, Ontario, north to the village of Haliburton, in", "id": "12830745" }, { "contents": "Cheshire, Massachusetts\n\n\nserved by the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad. Most of the line was converted into the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail , an -long, , universally accessible, paved path connecting the Berkshire towns of Lanesborough, Cheshire, and Adams. The trail runs parallel to Route 8 and passes through woods and marshlands, and alongside a lake and a river, with wooded hills and Mount Greylock as a backdrop. The path and has become a popular resource for biking, walking, roller-blading, jogging, etc. The trail passes through the", "id": "21975354" }, { "contents": "Greene River Trail\n\n\nThe Greene River Trail is a non-motorized rail trail 60 miles south of Pittsburgh in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Greene River Trail runs along the banks of the Monongahela River as it winds through the former coal mining region of Greene County. The 5.2-mile trail begins in Millsboro at the Greene Cove Yacht Club, where the trail follows Ten Mile Creek for a quarter mile before turning upstream along the left (west) bank of the Monongahela River. The trail passes through Rices Landing and ends in Crucible. Plans call for the", "id": "14813403" }, { "contents": "Van Buren Trail State Park\n\n\nVan Buren Trail State Park, also known as Trail State Park, is an unimproved rail trail running along a former railroad right-of-way between Hartford, Michigan to South Haven, Michigan in Van Buren County. It is long and mostly used by horse trail riders in the summer and snowmobilers in the winter. Terrain is flat with farmland and trees. In 2004, Van Buren County took over operation of the state-owned trail after state budget problems. There is a trail pass system to pay for maintenance.", "id": "6257199" }, { "contents": "Banks–Vernonia State Trail\n\n\nThe Banks–Vernonia State Trail is a paved rail trail and state park in northwest Oregon in the United States. It runs for , primarily north–south, between the towns of Vernonia in Columbia County and Banks in Washington County on an abandoned railroad bed. Banks is about west of Portland. The wide trail is open to non-motorized uses such as hiking and biking. A wide horse trail parallels the hiking and biking trail. The rail trail crosses 12 bridges and the Buxton Trestle, a former railroad trestle bridge", "id": "6147760" }, { "contents": "Florida State Road 589\n\n\npart of the Suncoast Parkway project, a multi-use paved recreational trail called the Suncoast Trail was constructed parallel to the western side of the highway, and opened along with the Parkway itself in 2001. The trail begins at Lutz-Lake Fern Road (Exit 16), and continues north for 41 miles to the highway's terminus at US 98. Four miles north of State Road 54, an additional 6.5-mile paved bicycle trail connects the Suncoast Trail to the J. B. Starkey Wilderness Park in New Port Richey. Use of", "id": "12401397" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nSakatah Singing Hills State Trail is a paved multi-use rail trail connecting Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, US. It is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which converted it from a railroad line. The name derives from the Dakota people who lived in the region; \"Sakatah\" translates into \"singing hills\". It began as a snowmobile trail and is now shared by hikers, joggers and cross-country skiers. There are sections of parallel dirt trail for horseback riders but they are not continuous.", "id": "6829781" }, { "contents": "Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail that connects with the John Wayne Pioneer Trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road's Everett Branch (Cedar Falls-Everett, later shortened to Monroe, WA). The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall. The trail parallels the Cedar Falls Road before it heads east passing Rainbow Lake and down through the Boxley Creek drainage where a trestle bridge crosses a tributary of", "id": "18545106" }, { "contents": "Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail\n\n\npreserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007. Construction of a multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome. The eastern end of the pavement is Holloway RD in the Etoniah Creek State Forest. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)", "id": "7679575" }, { "contents": "Chippewa River State Trail\n\n\nChippewa River State Trail is a 26-mile urban-rural rail trail in western Wisconsin that follows the path of the Chippewa River. The trails runs from the spot of the confluence of the Chippewa with the Eau Claire River, at Phoenix Park in downtown Eau Claire to the town of Durand where it meets up with the Red Cedar State Trail. A former railroad corridor, the trail passes through a variety of habitat including wetlands, prairies, and sandstone bluff. The Chippewa River State Trail will eventually be part of the greater Chippewa", "id": "19531697" }, { "contents": "Thornapple Trail\n\n\nThe Thornapple Trail is the abbreviated name for the a partially completed Paul Henry-Thornapple Trail (rail trail) in west Michigan. The Middleville portion is being connected to the Kent County section which will eventually link to Kent Trails. When complete, the Paul Henry - Thornapple Trail will be a 42-mile multi-use recreation trail running from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Vermontville, Michigan. The trail was originally the Grand River Valley Railroad, constructed in 1868-69. Service on the line ended in 1983, after the state", "id": "8835070" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nWashington Parkway, the Army Corps of Engineers built an extension of the Four Mile Run Trail beneath them that connected the trail to the Mount Vernon Trail. Later that spring, more new sections of the trail opened, connecting it to the Washington & Old Dominion Trail. In 2009, a trail extension was completed near Shirlington that not only linked the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe", "id": "19539435" }, { "contents": "Oswego Recreational Trail\n\n\nThe Oswego County Recreation Trail is a multi-use rail trail in New York. The Oswego Recreational Trail actually comprises two trails which are separated by an on-road section. It follows the route of the former New York, Ontario and Western Railway, abandoned in 1957. The east portion runs from the city of Fulton's Maple Avenue to the village of Central Square, just short of Interstate 81. I-81 was built following the NYO&W abandonment and no provision was made to preserve the railroad right-of-way by", "id": "8745258" }, { "contents": "Van Cortlandt Park\n\n\nPutnam Trail (, easy), an unpaved trail, runs north through the woods to the east of this lawn and west of Van Cortlandt Lake, through the golf course and along Tibbetts Brook and the former New York and Putnam Railroad line into Yonkers, where it connects to Westchester County's paved South County Trailway. The rails themselves are overrun with weeds, but they are no longer usable by trains. The remains of the former Van Cortlandt Park station can be seen along the trail. As part of the park's", "id": "16188090" }, { "contents": "Orange Heritage Trailway\n\n\nThe Orange Heritage Trailway is a 14.5 mile rail trail in Orange County, New York, that runs along the roadbed of the Erie Railroad Main Line from Harriman to a point halfway between Goshen and Middletown, New York. The former Erie Railroad main line turns northwest at a junction and tracks terminate at the site of the now removed and demolished Nepera Chemical plant in the village of Harriman. The undeveloped roadbed continues approximately two miles through Harriman and Monroe. The paved trail begins in Harriman NY, although no trailhead exists in Harriman", "id": "14271335" }, { "contents": "Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)\n\n\nThe Rock Island Trail State Park is a long public rail trail in the west-central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2003. It passes through portions of Peoria and Stark counties. The southern end of the trail is currently located at Pioneer Parkway in north Peoria, Illinois, and the northern end is in Toulon, Illinois, the county seat of Stark County. The right-of-way served as a railroad line from 1871 to 1963, was unused in 1963", "id": "20557951" }, { "contents": "Prairie Spirit Trail State Park\n\n\nPrairie Spirit Trail State Park is a rail trail that is a Kansas State Park. The trail is built on the former right of way of the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad from Ottawa, Kansas, to Iola, Kansas. The trail runs 50 miles from its northern terminus at Ottawa, Kansas to its southern terminus at Iola, Kansas. The trail is open for use by hikers, joggers, and bicyclists year-round, from sunrise to sunset. This trail is paved with a hard-packed limestone screening outside", "id": "6599442" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nThe landscape is mostly cultivated land with remnant stands of prairie and Big Woods. The trail passes through Sakatah Lake State Park and runs through city streets in Waterville. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The route from Red Wing to Waterville was completed in 1882,", "id": "6829782" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nIt is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park.", "id": "19412294" }, { "contents": "Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes\n\n\nThe Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes is a rail trail in the northwest United States, in northern Idaho. It follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way from Mullan, a mountain mining town near the Montana border, westward to Plummer, a town on the prairie near the Washington Generally following the Coeur d'Alene River, the rail line was abandoned in 1991 and the trail officially opened in March 2004. The trail's route winds through the mountainous terrain of historic Silver Valley, into the chain lakes region, along", "id": "10102968" }, { "contents": "Northern Strand Community Trail\n\n\nprimarily runs along the Saugus Branch Railroad, a former branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The trail's right of way is leased from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for 99 years by the respective cities the trail passes through, except in Lynn; if Lynn approves the trail in their borders, they will likely sign a similar lease. Like many nearby rail-trails, these leases include a reversion clause should the right of way be deemed more useful for other transportation uses. The trail features a growing number of", "id": "19115050" }, { "contents": "Arrowhead State Trail\n\n\nThe Arrowhead State Trail is a recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota, USA, geared primarily for winter snowmobile use. It runs from an intersection with the Taconite State Trail west of Tower to an intersection with the Blue Ox Trail south of International Falls. In summer about are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, while the northern section is blocked by areas of wetness and standing water. The Arrowhead State Trail was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1974–75. It is managed by the Minnesota Department", "id": "15732221" }, { "contents": "Krushchev in Iowa Trail\n\n\nKrushchev in Iowa Trail is a planned rail trail running from Herndon, Iowa, to Coon Rapids, Iowa. It is a planned part of the American Discovery Trail. Originally known as the Corn Diplomacy Trail, the Krushchev in Iowa Trail is to be a paved recreational trail that runs through the counties of Guthrie and Carroll along an abandoned Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line. Planned trailheads A connection is planned at Herndon to the Raccoon River Valley Trail in Guthrie county. A connection is planned to Carroll, which is a terminus", "id": "4569009" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nwestern Loudoun County. Its route largely parallels the routes of the Potomac River and Virginia State Route 7 (VA Route 7). The trail connects at its origin to the paved Four Mile Run Trail, which travels eastward through Arlington along a stream embankment to meet the Mount Vernon Trail at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, near the Potomac River. The start of the trail is also accessible from the Shirlington exit (Exit 6) of Interstate 395 (I-395) (the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway). The trail parallels", "id": "21736689" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nat the trail's lowest elevation: above sea level. The trail climbs in while traveling northwest through Arlington County. While in Arlington, the trail ascends through the Atlantic Seaboard fall line while climbing upstream in the valley of Four Mile Run. The trail crosses the Run seven times in the valley on bridges whose abutments were constructed before the Civil War by the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, a predecessor of the W&OD Railroad. After crossing Columbia Pike (VA Route 244), the trail enters a steeply-sloped woodland", "id": "21736691" }, { "contents": "Columbia Trail\n\n\nof the Raritan River parallels the trail through the gorge, and is a scenic fast-flowing small river with recreational activities, especially fly fishing. A trestle carries the trail over the river in the gorge. There are few remnants of the former rail line along the trail, except for the occasional rotting railroad cross ties along the trail. There is a small section of track preserved in Califon and a small and rarely open museum dedicated to the rail line history is located in the preserved train station in the town center.", "id": "8728332" }, { "contents": "Monroe, Wisconsin\n\n\nto the city swimming pool; and Honey Creek Park, the site of a skate park. The city is the eastern starting point for the Cheese Country Trail, a 47-mile multi-purpose recreational path, and the Badger State Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian-only trail in summer and an ATV/snowmobile trail in winter. The \"Cheese Trail\" extends from Mineral Point to Monroe, while the Badger State Trail runs from the state line to Madison and connects to the Jane Addams Trail in Illinois. Both are former", "id": "17283013" }, { "contents": "Withlacoochee State Trail\n\n\nWithlacoochee State Trail is a long paved, multi-use, non-motorized rail trail in Florida located in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties. It follows along the Withlacoochee River and passes through the Withlacoochee State Forest. It is the longest paved rail trail in Florida. The original railroad line was formed sometime in the 1880s as the Inverness and Brooksville Railway. It connected with the Florida Northern Railroad in Citrus Springs and with the South Florida Railroad (SFR) in Dade City. In 1892, the Silver Springs, Ocala", "id": "16480832" }, { "contents": "Kal-Haven Trail\n\n\nthe parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped. The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding is allowed on", "id": "5253109" }, { "contents": "St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad\n\n\nfor a time. In 1978, local shippers took over the operation and it became the Lamoille Valley Railroad. In 1989, the line was leased to a Florida company and was operated by them until major flooding in 1995 and 1997 damaged the line so much that it was not profitable to repair the track. In 2002, the state of Vermont started converting the 96 mile route into a recreational trail and created the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. Milepost 0: St. Johnsbury interchange with Maine Central Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway. Milepost", "id": "688110" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nCumberland Valley Rail Trail (CVRT) is a National Recreation Trail rail trail that follows the former Cumberland Valley Railroad rail corridor for 9.5 miles, from Shippensburg to Newville, through the farmlands of western Cumberland County in south-central Pennsylvania. Historical significance The Cumberland Valley Railroad (CV) began service in the Cumberland Valley on the current CVRT corridor in 1837. In 1838 CV became the first railroad in the U.S. to offer overnight sleeping cars. Twenty years later, John Brown and his abolitionist compatriots traveled to Harpers Ferry on CV", "id": "19478189" }, { "contents": "Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail\n\n\nGainesville-Hawthorne State Trail is a rail trail in Florida. It is protected as a long Florida State Park and runs from the City of Gainesville's Boulware Springs Water Works to the town of Hawthorne. It passes through the Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park and the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area along a former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad line. The property was purchased by the state of Florida from CSX Transportation with money from the \"trails from rails\" program in late 1989. Activities include hiking, running, cycling, rollerblading, and", "id": "19673293" }, { "contents": "Summerset Trail\n\n\nThe Summerset Trail is a rail trail in Warren County in south-central Iowa in the United States. The trail is long and is paved with asphalt. It follows the route of an abandoned rail line between the cities of Carlisle at its northeastern end and Indianola at the southwest. The trail passes remnants of prairie, wetlands along the Middle River southwest of Carlisle, and woodlands north of Indianola. Trailheads are at Carlisle and Indianola, and at the trail's midpoint at Banner Lakes at Summerset State Park. The Carlisle trailhead", "id": "2470854" }, { "contents": "Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway\n\n\nwestern Washington lines remained in fairly heavy use until 1963. By 1970, most of the line was acquired by Burlington Northern Railway which filed to abandon the lines a year later in 1971. Seven years later, in 1978, the between Gas Works Park in Seattle and Tracy Owen Station in Kenmore was reopened as the Burke-Gilman Trail bike path and recreational rail trail, named after the leaders of the group that founded the railroad, Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman. The bike path and rail trail has been extended along the", "id": "17373452" }, { "contents": "Spokane River Centennial Trail\n\n\nThe Spokane River Centennial Trail is a paved trail in Eastern Washington for alternate transportation and recreational use. It is managed by Washington State Parks as the Spokane River Centennial State Park Trail. The trail extends from Sontag Park in Nine Mile Falls, Washington to the Washington/Idaho border. It passes through the cities of Spokane, Washington, Spokane Valley, Washington, Liberty Lake, Washington and the unincorporated community of Spokane Bridge, before crossing under the Interstate 90 Spokane River Bridge—traveling through Kootenai County, Idaho for approximately —", "id": "4618637" }, { "contents": "Wallkill Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Wallkill Valley Rail Trail is a rail trail and linear park that runs along the former Wallkill Valley Railroad rail corridor in Ulster County, New York. It stretches from Gardiner through New Paltz, Rosendale, and Ulster to the Kingston city line. The trail is separated from the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail by two state prisons in Shawangunk, though there have been plans to bypass these facilities, and to connect the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail with other regional rail trails. The northern section of the trail forms part of the proposed", "id": "12405545" }, { "contents": "Folsom Lake State Recreation Area\n\n\nmonths when school is still in session, evenings and weekends are the times of highest lake activity. There are 95 miles of trail at Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. These trails are used by hiker, bicyclists, runners, and horseback riders. A portion of the Western States/ Pioneer Express Trail between Sacramento and Carson City, Nevada also runs through the park. A paved bicycle trail loops around Lake Natoma, linking to Beals Point and the American River Bike Trail. Native Americans of the Maidu or Nisenan tribe inhabited the land", "id": "20827159" }, { "contents": "Zim Smith Trail\n\n\nThe Zim Smith Trail is the main multi-use trail of a network of trails in Saratoga County, New York. Extending nine miles, it connects the towns of Halfmoon, Clifton Park, Round Lake Village, Malta and Ballston Spa. It is the only trail in New York state to be designated a national recreation trail by the U.S. Department of Interior and National Park Service. The trail starts at Oak Street in Ballston Spa and runs through Malta's Shenantaha Creek Park. From there the trail passes under Interstate 87,", "id": "12911745" }, { "contents": "Old Erie Path\n\n\nThe Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking. The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad", "id": "21704717" }, { "contents": "Goodhue Pioneer State Trail\n\n\nThe Goodhue Pioneer State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in southeastern Minnesota, USA. The of trail currently exist in two segments, separated by a gap. The northern segment is a paved trail running from Red Wing, Minnesota, to the Hay Creek section of the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest near Hay Creek Township. The southern section is a natural-surface trail running northward from the Zumbrota Covered Bridge Park in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The trail corridor follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway segment that", "id": "13493095" }, { "contents": "Hank Aaron State Trail\n\n\nThe Hank Aaron State Trail is a 14-mile rail trail in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The trail is named for former Milwaukee Braves and Milwaukee Brewers right fielder Hank Aaron, and was built on a former roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. The trail begins on the shore of Lake Michigan in Lakeshore State Park (). The trail travels west through Milwaukee, passing by the Harley-Davidson Museum, Potawatomi Hotel & Casino, Miller Park, and the Wisconsin State Fair Park. The trail ends", "id": "9082958" }, { "contents": "Clive Greenbelt Trail\n\n\nClive Greenbelt Trail is an urban recreational trail in Clive, Iowa and forms part of the Central Iowa Trails network. This very busy recreational trail runs through Polk and Dallas Counties in Iowa. It is a curvy, paved asphalt and concrete trail. The trail begins at 73rd Street and Walnut Creek at the Walmart in Windsor Heights. It meanders along the north bank of Walnut Creek for to Country Club Blvd. Between the Lake Country Club dam and 142nd Street, the trail is on the street near the northshore of Lake Country", "id": "5561819" }, { "contents": "Fort Fraser Trail\n\n\nThe Fort Fraser Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Bartow to Lakeland. It runs along a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that once ran from Lakeland to Naples. The Southern terminus of the trail can be accessed from North Wilson Avenue in Bartow, immediately North of Tractor Supply Company. The Northern terminus is at the entrance to the Polk State College (Lakeland) campus in Lakeland. A paved extension of the trail runs to the Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland, a park run by Polk County", "id": "9622262" }, { "contents": "High Trestle Trail\n\n\nHigh Trestle Trail is a rail trail running from Ankeny to Woodward in central Iowa. The recreation trail opened on April 30, 2011. It is a paved recreational trail that runs through the Polk, Story, Boone, and Dallas counties. The trail's name is derived from a former 1913 bridge that spanned the Des Moines River between the towns of Madrid and Woodward. Conservation board directors and the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation estimate that more than 3,000 people use this trail each week. The trail is a major component of a", "id": "10959275" }, { "contents": "Cannon Valley Trail\n\n\nThe Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing. Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW", "id": "19411630" }, { "contents": "Dutchess Rail Trail\n\n\nwas double tracked, allowing for a simultaneous paved and packed dirt trail. In January 2012, a 1-mile stretch of property was purchased from CSX Transportation. An effort was made to develop this stretch of property in 2013, resulting in connections with Walkway Over the Hudson and the Hudson Valley Rail Trail. The railroad line was built in 1892 by the Central New England Railway; it was severed by a fire on the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974. Dutchess County originally purchased the Maybrook Line to build a limited access highway to Interstate 84", "id": "1685096" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Central Lakes State Trail is a paved recreational rail trail in central Minnesota, USA, running along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail is marked with mileposts every mile, corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad line. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The trail begins in Osakis at the western end of the Lake Wobegon Trail and runs parallel to Interstate 94 before ending in Fergus Falls. This trail passes through the towns of Nelson, Alexandria, Garfield, Brandon,", "id": "8504440" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The main trail is a trail along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line, beginning near milepost 81 in St. Joseph and ending near milepost 130 in Osakis. This trail runs parallel to I-94. The trail", "id": "7951626" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\npasses through the cities of Avon, Albany, Freeport, Melrose, Sauk Centre, and West Union. Beyond Osakis, the trail continues as the Central Lakes Trail. These two trails form a continuous trail from St. Joseph to Fergus Falls. The extension trail intersects near milepost 97 of the main trail in Albany. The extension trail is a trail along a former Soo Line Railroad line, beginning near milepost 131 in Albany passing through Albany, Krain and Holding Townships and ending northeast of Holdingford at approx. milepost 143.5, passing", "id": "7951627" }, { "contents": "Heartland State Trail\n\n\nThe Heartland State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, USA. It runs between Park Rapids and Cass Lake, intersecting with the Paul Bunyan State Trail around Walker. The entire route is paved, with a parallel grass trackway along the southern half for horseback riding and mountain biking. The northern half of the trail has some parallel trackway for snowmobiles. A segment north of Walker traverses very hilly terrain to appeal to snowmobilers; other users can follow a marked alternate route on paved road shoulders", "id": "18296395" }, { "contents": "Glacial Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Glacial Lakes State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in south-central Minnesota, USA. Developed from a former Burlington Northern Railroad grade, it traverses a landscape of lakes and gently rolling hills formed 10,000 years ago during the last glacial period. The trail currently extends from outside Willmar through the communities of Spicer, New London, and Hawick to the North Fork Crow River. Beyond that the undeveloped railbed is open for some recreational uses for another through the city of Richmond, but some of the original railroad", "id": "17680490" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run\n\n\nFour Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved non-motorized transport and recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail. In Arlington, the stream passes from the Piedmont through the Fall Line to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in a deep forested valley. The stream's eastern section", "id": "19376418" }, { "contents": "Agassiz Recreational Trail\n\n\nAgassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, USA, between Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the naturally surfaced trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The Agassiz Recreational Trail was converted from an abandoned rail bed running parallel to state highways 32 and 102. It passes through the following towns (in", "id": "14209427" }, { "contents": "Erie Lackawanna Trail\n\n\nErie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail in located in Lake County, Indiana which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of . The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in", "id": "21971553" }, { "contents": "Paul Bunyan State Trail\n\n\nThe Paul Bunyan State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, United States, running between the cities of Brainerd and Bemidji. Named after the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan of American folklore, the trail is the longest continuously paved trail in the United States. The route was part of the Burlington Northern Railroad lines abandoned in 1983. The trail currently covers a distance of . The southern extension, completed in 2012, moved the southern terminus to Crow Wing State Park. The route through Bemidji currently", "id": "15010231" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon is a 26.2 mile foot race from Holdingford, Minnesota, to St. Joseph, Minnesota, on a paved trail called the Lake Wobegon Trail. The course is USATF-certified, making it a qualifying race for the Boston Marathon. The race is sponsored and organized by the St. Cloud River Runners, a running group active since 1983 with about 150 members. The flat, straight course is run on a blacktop trail converted from freight rail lines. After starting at the high school in Holdingford, the", "id": "8840283" }, { "contents": "Yelm–Tenino Trail\n\n\nThe Yelm–Tenino Trail is a rail trail located in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The long cycling and walking trail has been constructed along the route of a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail runs parallel to State Route 507 and intersects with the Chehalis Western Trail. Trailheads are located at the trail termini in the towns of Yelm and Tenino as well as in the town of Rainier. The trail is used by bicyclists participating in the annual Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic as they ride from Yelm to Tenino", "id": "3903345" }, { "contents": "Northern Rail Trail (New Hampshire)\n\n\nThe Northern Recreational Rail Trail, also known as the Northern Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail trail in western New Hampshire, USA, running from Lebanon to Boscawen. It uses the right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad's former Northern Line, which was acquired by the State of New Hampshire in 1996. The trail is managed by the New Hampshire Bureau of Trails. The Northern Railroad built this line from Concord to White River Junction, Vermont, in 1847. The Boston-based investors", "id": "10109519" }, { "contents": "Little Valley, New York\n\n\nand Ellicottville. County Routes 5 and 14 start in the northwest corner of the town and head toward New Albion and East Otto, respectively. The Pat McGee Trail, a hiking and snowmobile rail trail that follows the path of the now-removed railroad, runs through the town parallel to Route 353. The Conservation Trail, a subset of the Finger Lakes Trail (itself a subset of the North Country Trail), passes through the town connecting the state forests therein; the two trails share a roughly one-mile wrong", "id": "16894285" }, { "contents": "Taconite State Trail\n\n\nThe Taconite State Trail extends 165 miles from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota and intersects the Arrowhead State Trail west of Lake Vermilion. On the Grand Rapids end, the trail is paved for the first 6 miles for in-line skating and biking. The rest of the trail is natural surface used primarily in the winter months for snowmobiling. In the summer, several areas contain standing water, but some areas are suitable for horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking Taconite State Trail is a scenic experience twisting through", "id": "11590151" }, { "contents": "Ashuwillticook Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Ashuwillticook Rail Trail is a former railroad corridor converted into a paved, universally accessible, scenic rail trail path. The Ashuwillticook (ash-oo-will-ti-cook) Rail Trail runs parallel to Route 8 through the towns of Cheshire, Lanesborough and Adams, Massachusetts and is used for biking, walking, roller-blading, and jogging. The trail is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Its first two phases opened in 2001 and 2004, with a 1.2-mile northerly extension opening", "id": "6836871" }, { "contents": "Onondaga Lake Park\n\n\nuses (strollers, children's bicycles with training wheels, tricycles and wheel chair users) are also permitted on this trail which is not plowed in the winter. The West Shore Trail is long from where it connects to the East Shore Recreation Trail at its most western end to its most eastern end off Exit 7 of Interstate 690. Located along the western shore of Onondaga Lake, this paved trail meanders through over 4.5 miles (ca. 7 km) of woodlands and open areas. It is used by bicyclists, walkers", "id": "8426451" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nMinnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve.", "id": "19412293" }, { "contents": "Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail (TCB), the official name of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR) Trail, is a rail trail that runs along an abandoned railroad corridor where the Northern Central Railway once operated. The trail extends 20 miles from Ashland Road in Cockeysville, Maryland to the boundary with Pennsylvania. At the Pennsylvania line, the Torrey C. Brown Trail becomes the York County Heritage Rail Trail (part of BicyclePA Route J) and continues to the city of York. The trail is wide with a stone dust", "id": "1111662" }, { "contents": "Central Massachusetts Railroad\n\n\ntowns along the former Wheelwright Branch exhibited similar enthusiasm for recreational trails along the property. In March 1985 with support from the local governments and regional planning agency the state purchased 10 miles of the line between the west end of the Connecticut River Bridge in Northampton and Amherst with the intent to convert it into a rail trail. Work began in 1992 and on July 29, 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management officially opened the Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail. By 1997 the trail extended as far as Belchertown where progress halted due to a", "id": "17724305" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nHeading east, all distances on the trail are measured from the Killarney Station which is the Mile zero marker. There is a mile marker every to mark your location at the trail, useful during emergencies. The trail runs east towards downtown Oakland over the former Orange Belt Railway where it crosses the Florida Turnpike on a converted railroad bridge. The path passes through the Oakland Nature Preserve on the way through downtown Oakland (Mile 2) where there is an outpost. From Oakland to Winter Garden, the Orange Belt Railway and the", "id": "20145820" }, { "contents": "Panhandle Pathway\n\n\nThe Panhandle Pathway is a rail to trail conversion in north central Indiana, United States. It is currently about 21 miles long and runs along the former Pennsylvania Railroad Panhandle line. At the north, the trail begins in the town of Winamac, Indiana, and closely parallels U.S. Highway 35 toward its south terminus in Kenneth, west of Logansport, Indiana. As of August 2015, the trail is accessible from parking areas in Winamac, Star City, and Royal Center. The pathway has a trailhead near its south terminus at", "id": "11518683" }, { "contents": "Columbia Plateau Trail\n\n\nconstructed by the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway Company in the early 1900s. That line's successor, the Burlington Northern Company, abandoned the line in 1987, paving the way for the state to acquire 130 miles of right-of-way, from milepost 235.0 near East Pasco to milepost 365.0 near South Cheney, in 1991. State Park management began in 1992. Standing remnants of the trail's railroad past include the historic Burr Canyon trestle built in 1908. The northern portion of the trail passes through a habitat", "id": "1634738" }, { "contents": "Bugline Trail\n\n\nThe Bugline Recreation Trail is a paved 16-mile trail located on the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and Pacific Railroad right-of-way in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. The trail stretches between Appleton Ave (Wisconsin Highway 175) in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States to just east of North Lake in the Town of Merton. A separate 4-foot-wide bridle trail adjacent to the original 8-foot-wide recreation trail extends 2.5 miles from The Ranch in Menomonee Falls to Menomonee Park where it joins the Park bridle trails", "id": "14315703" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nthrough Holdingford. This bicycle trail continues beyond milepost 143.5 as the Soo Line Trail, crossing the Mississippi River at the Blanchard Dam, changing from asphalt to gravel at U.S. 10 south of Little Falls, and extending to Onamia. The Soo Line Trail traverses Morrison County and Mille Lacs County. The extension is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota, located near Holdingford. The Saintly Seven is a completed 7 mile extension to bring the trail from St. Joseph all the way into Waite Park and Saint Cloud. The extension allows", "id": "7951628" }, { "contents": "Harlem Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Harlem Valley Rail Trail is a paved rail trail on an abandoned portion of the New York and Harlem Railroad, north of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Line terminus in Wassaic. It is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). It is maintained through an agreement between OPRHP, Dutchess County and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association. The former New York and Harlem main line was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1864, and became part of Penn Central Railroad", "id": "13113184" }, { "contents": "Mesabi Trail\n\n\nThe Mesabi Trail is a 132-mile paved bicycle trail running from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota. As of 2016, the trail is still under construction with approximately 25 miles of trail incomplete. The trail goes through the many small towns along it, such as Marble, Keewatin, Hibbing, Mountain Iron, Virginia, and Gilbert. Much of the trail runs along abandoned railroad grade. Since 2005, the Mesabi Trail has hosted a long bike ride every year in mid-August. Each stop (usually at a", "id": "3828941" }, { "contents": "Hayward, Wisconsin\n\n\nlocated, has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along existing county forest logging roads is permitted. There are 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails for winter use and 80.8 miles designated for summer use. State owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest", "id": "17383849" }, { "contents": "Great Western Trail (Iowa)\n\n\nThe Great Western Trail is a rail trail in the Des Moines metropolitan area south-central Iowa, United States. The trails is long and paved with asphalt. The trail follows the route of an abandoned line of the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, constructed in 1899 and last operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It runs between southwestern Des Moines at its north end and Martensdale at the south, passing through suburban areas, Willow Creek Golf Course, fields and farmland, and the wooded valley of", "id": "2371209" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail, Nova Scotia\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Beechville to Fairview. The trail is named for the Chain Lakes along which the trail runs. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg. They are part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route, a planned 3,000 kilometer cycling trail system. The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South", "id": "12562229" }, { "contents": "York County Heritage Rail Trail\n\n\nHeritage Rail Trail County Park is a National Recreation Trail rail-with-trail in Pennsylvania built in 1999 by the York County Rail Trail Authority (YCRTA). It connects with the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Maryland. The trail runs along the active Northern Central Railway line and forms the southernmost part of Route J in the BicyclePA route system. The York County Heritage Rail Trail is located along railroad tracks built during the nineteenth century as part of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR). The NCR was an important link", "id": "16256720" }, { "contents": "Sammamish River Trail\n\n\nThe Sammamish River Trail is a bike path and recreational trail in King County, Washington that runs along the Sammamish River from Blythe Park in Bothell to Marymoor Park in Redmond. It connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail at its north western end, and to the Redmond Central Connector at its south eastern end. The trail is paved for bicycle, inline-skate and pedestrian use and is paralleled for most of its length by an unpaved equestrian trail. It passes near the Chateau Ste. Michelle, Columbia and Silver Lake wineries", "id": "6886606" }, { "contents": "Snohomish County Centennial Trail\n\n\nintersection with Washington State Route 531 before the roadway continues north into Downtown Arlington after an underpass with Washington State Route 9. The route continues through Downtown Arlington along West Avenue before a former railroad trestle carries the trail across the Stillaguamish River and towards Bryant along Washington State Route 9. The Centennial Trail passes its final trailhead, the Nakashima Heritage Barn & Centennial Trail North, before ending at the Skagit County line south of Lake McMurray. The Centennial Trail runs on the right-of-way of the Sumas Branch of the former", "id": "1137624" }, { "contents": "Cape Haze Pioneer Trail\n\n\nThe Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway. The trail begins at the intersection of State Road 776 and Pinedale Drive in western Port Charlotte. It runs south along Pinedale Drive briefly before shifting east on to the former railroad corridor. It then proceeds south along the railroad corridor, passing near Rotonda West and crossing over Coral", "id": "14271713" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The Southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue E Northwest near the bus terminal and city hall. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida", "id": "9881595" }, { "contents": "Mill Towns Trail\n\n\nThe Mill Towns State Trail is a multi-use trail in development along the Cannon River. Currently a rail trail linking Northfield and Dundas, the trail is planned to extend southward to Faribault and eastward to Cannon Falls. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The", "id": "16299313" }, { "contents": "Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail is a paved 3.8 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the Blauvelt Free Library on Western Highway in the hamlet of Blauvelt, and ends at the intersection of Oak Tree Road in the hamlet of Tappan. The trail intersects the Old Erie Path at Depot Square in Sparkill. The trail follows the right-of-ways of two former railroads. From the southern trailhead in Tappan to Sparkill, it follows the Northern Branch", "id": "21704786" }, { "contents": "Bruce Vento Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Bruce Vento Regional Trail is a rail trail in the cities of Vadnais Heights, Gem Lake, Maplewood, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. The trail occupies an abandoned Burlington Northern Railroad corridor and intersects with the Gateway State Trail in Maplewood and continues to just east of Lake Phalen in Saint Paul. South of the lake, it continues along Phalen Boulevard and through Swede Hollow to its terminus near Seventh Street. Another spur off of Phalen Boulevard continues west, going over a long bridge that crosses very active railroad tracks", "id": "15151449" }, { "contents": "Terrace Mountain Trail\n\n\nPark (mile ); primitive camping is permitted in designated locations along the trail. The trail is marked with blue blazes and mileposts. Beginning at the south end of the lake near Weaver Falls, the first of the trail follows the old Tressler logging road onto the wooded slopes of Terrace Mountain. During a steep climb, you can stop for water at Putt's Boy Scout Camp (mile ). The trail continues through mature hardwood forest dominated by hickory, oak, and maple, with spectacular spring wildflowers. At mile", "id": "8808985" }, { "contents": "Paint Creek Trail\n\n\n1983 as the first rail trail in Michigan. The trail is in the right-of-way of the former Michigan Central Railroad and Penn Central Railroad lines. The original rail line was completed in 1872, and was in service until Penn Central's railroad operations were taken over by Conrail in 1976. The right-of-way was purchased by the Paint Creek Trail Commission in 1983 for $450,000. The trail will plan to start at Lake Orion, then stops at South Lake Orion, Goodison Orion Road, Goodison", "id": "11361335" }, { "contents": "Conewago Recreation Trail\n\n\nThe Conewago Recreation Trail is a public recreational rail trail that follows the once Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad rail corridor for a total of slightly over 5.0 miles. The trail stretches from Elizabethtown, PA to the Lebanon County Line, PA, at which point it links up to the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail which continues for another 15.0 miles. The Conewago Recreation Trail runs adjacent to the Conewago Creek running through quiet farmland and forested areas. Trail goers can enjoy walking, jogging, bicycling, horseback riding and other non-motorized recreational uses", "id": "3407872" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon\n\n\nrefers to a cafe in downtown Lake Wobegon called the \"Chatterbox Cafe\". There is a real cafe and gas station in Olivia by the same name. Olivia is in north-central Renville County. The Minnesota Rails and Trails project began creating the Lake Wobegon Trail in 1998. It now stretches from Waite Park, Minnesota just west of St. Cloud, to Freeport, Minnesota, where it forks; one trail heads northwest to Osakis, Minnesota, the other northeast to Holdingford, Minnesota and Bowlus, Minnesota, and on", "id": "12575406" }, { "contents": "Lake Bemidji State Park\n\n\ntrail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike. The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails. In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system", "id": "11692170" }, { "contents": "North Central State Trail\n\n\nThe North Central State Trail is a 62-mile (100 km) recreational rail trail serving a section of the northern quarter of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Following a route generally parallel to Interstate 75, the trail goes northward from the Michigan town of Gaylord to the top of the Lower Peninsula at Mackinaw City and connects to the North Western State Trail. It serves the towns of Vanderbilt, Indian River, and Cheboygan which connects to the Northeastern State Trail. The North Central State Trail occupies what was once", "id": "17921256" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nA short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along the former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail", "id": "19412295" }, { "contents": "Spruce Railroad Trail\n\n\nThe Spruce Railroad Trail (sometimes called Lake Crescent Trail) is a rail trail located on the shores of Lake Crescent about west of Port Angeles, Washington, and is part of the 134-mile-long Olympic Discovery Trail. The trail follows the former Port Angeles Western Railroad grade along the shores of Lake Crescent. Built during World War I for the Spruce Production Division to transport spruce from the western Olympic Peninsula for the aircraft industry, it was completed in 1919, a year too late for its intended purpose. The trail is", "id": "7465546" }, { "contents": "OC&E Woods Line State Trail\n\n\nThe OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir. Along its length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly. The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately . Beyond Olene, the trail surface is", "id": "11038009" }, { "contents": "Glacial Drumlin State Trail\n\n\nin the Southern Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Lake Kegonsa State Park, the Capital Springs State Recreation Area and at the Sandhill Station State Campground Snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowshoe hiking are permitted on the trail during the winter months. Snowmobiles are only permitted on the 39-mile limestone section of the trail but not on the paved asphalt section between Waukesha and Dousman. Snowmobiles must follow all Wisconsin snowmobile laws on this trail. Skiers and snowshoe hikers must share the trail with snowmobilers. Skiers and snowshoe hikers do", "id": "21208171" }, { "contents": "Hancock, Michigan\n\n\npartly in the city. The Jack Stevens Rail Trail runs through the city of Hancock and continues on 14 miles north to Calumet on a now-abandoned Soo Line Railroad grade. The Keweenaw Trail or Trail 3 is the main snowmobiling route to and from Houghton and Hancock, it connects to other nearby trails including the North and South Freda Trails which lead toward Lake Superior, and the Stevens Trail which goes to Calumet. Elementary-school students attend the Gordon Barkell Elementary School (formerly Hancock Elementary School), middle school students", "id": "17903027" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nThe West Orange Trail is a long multi-use rail trail owned by Orange County Parks and Recreation in Orange County, Florida, in the United States. The paved trail passes through downtown Oakland, Winter Garden, and Apopka with most of its length built on old railroad alignments. To the west of the West Orange Trail is the South Lake-Lake Minneola Scenic Trail in Lake County which was connected to the trail in 2007. There are four main stations on the West Orange Trail, each providing parking, restroom facilities", "id": "20145818" }, { "contents": "Meadowlands, Minnesota\n\n\n-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles. Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range. According to the United States Census", "id": "3264262" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nThe Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the", "id": "19539432" }, { "contents": "Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park\n\n\nThe Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States. The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is long, and averages wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from to , and total acreage", "id": "5023514" }, { "contents": "Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway)\n\n\nThe Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway) is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The", "id": "3548791" }, { "contents": "Badger State Trail\n\n\nThe Badger State Trail is a rail trail in south central Wisconsin. The trail leads from the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Madison passing through, from south to north, Monroe, Monticello, Belleville and Fitchburg. Near Monticello, the trail passes through the long, unlit Stewart Tunnel constructed in 1887. The trail was officially opened July 8, 2007. The main route of the trail follows a former rail line that was originally built by the Chicago, Madison and Northern Railroad and opened in 1887, with the first official", "id": "14059319" }, { "contents": "Rail trail\n\n\nwas developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. In Quebec, Le P'tit Train du Nord runs from Saint-Jérôme to Mont-Laurier. In Toronto, there are two rail trails, the Beltline Trail and the West Toronto Railpath. In central Ontario, the former Victoria Railway line, which runs from the town of Lindsay, Ontario, north to the village of Haliburton, in", "id": "12830745" }, { "contents": "Cheshire, Massachusetts\n\n\nserved by the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad. Most of the line was converted into the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail , an -long, , universally accessible, paved path connecting the Berkshire towns of Lanesborough, Cheshire, and Adams. The trail runs parallel to Route 8 and passes through woods and marshlands, and alongside a lake and a river, with wooded hills and Mount Greylock as a backdrop. The path and has become a popular resource for biking, walking, roller-blading, jogging, etc. The trail passes through the", "id": "21975354" }, { "contents": "Greene River Trail\n\n\nThe Greene River Trail is a non-motorized rail trail 60 miles south of Pittsburgh in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Greene River Trail runs along the banks of the Monongahela River as it winds through the former coal mining region of Greene County. The 5.2-mile trail begins in Millsboro at the Greene Cove Yacht Club, where the trail follows Ten Mile Creek for a quarter mile before turning upstream along the left (west) bank of the Monongahela River. The trail passes through Rices Landing and ends in Crucible. Plans call for the", "id": "14813403" }, { "contents": "Van Buren Trail State Park\n\n\nVan Buren Trail State Park, also known as Trail State Park, is an unimproved rail trail running along a former railroad right-of-way between Hartford, Michigan to South Haven, Michigan in Van Buren County. It is long and mostly used by horse trail riders in the summer and snowmobilers in the winter. Terrain is flat with farmland and trees. In 2004, Van Buren County took over operation of the state-owned trail after state budget problems. There is a trail pass system to pay for maintenance.", "id": "6257199" }, { "contents": "Banks–Vernonia State Trail\n\n\nThe Banks–Vernonia State Trail is a paved rail trail and state park in northwest Oregon in the United States. It runs for , primarily north–south, between the towns of Vernonia in Columbia County and Banks in Washington County on an abandoned railroad bed. Banks is about west of Portland. The wide trail is open to non-motorized uses such as hiking and biking. A wide horse trail parallels the hiking and biking trail. The rail trail crosses 12 bridges and the Buxton Trestle, a former railroad trestle bridge", "id": "6147760" }, { "contents": "Florida State Road 589\n\n\npart of the Suncoast Parkway project, a multi-use paved recreational trail called the Suncoast Trail was constructed parallel to the western side of the highway, and opened along with the Parkway itself in 2001. The trail begins at Lutz-Lake Fern Road (Exit 16), and continues north for 41 miles to the highway's terminus at US 98. Four miles north of State Road 54, an additional 6.5-mile paved bicycle trail connects the Suncoast Trail to the J. B. Starkey Wilderness Park in New Port Richey. Use of", "id": "12401397" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nSakatah Singing Hills State Trail is a paved multi-use rail trail connecting Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, US. It is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which converted it from a railroad line. The name derives from the Dakota people who lived in the region; \"Sakatah\" translates into \"singing hills\". It began as a snowmobile trail and is now shared by hikers, joggers and cross-country skiers. There are sections of parallel dirt trail for horseback riders but they are not continuous.", "id": "6829781" }, { "contents": "Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail that connects with the John Wayne Pioneer Trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road's Everett Branch (Cedar Falls-Everett, later shortened to Monroe, WA). The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall. The trail parallels the Cedar Falls Road before it heads east passing Rainbow Lake and down through the Boxley Creek drainage where a trestle bridge crosses a tributary of", "id": "18545106" }, { "contents": "Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail\n\n\npreserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007. Construction of a multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome. The eastern end of the pavement is Holloway RD in the Etoniah Creek State Forest. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)", "id": "7679575" }, { "contents": "Chippewa River State Trail\n\n\nChippewa River State Trail is a 26-mile urban-rural rail trail in western Wisconsin that follows the path of the Chippewa River. The trails runs from the spot of the confluence of the Chippewa with the Eau Claire River, at Phoenix Park in downtown Eau Claire to the town of Durand where it meets up with the Red Cedar State Trail. A former railroad corridor, the trail passes through a variety of habitat including wetlands, prairies, and sandstone bluff. The Chippewa River State Trail will eventually be part of the greater Chippewa", "id": "19531697" }, { "contents": "Thornapple Trail\n\n\nThe Thornapple Trail is the abbreviated name for the a partially completed Paul Henry-Thornapple Trail (rail trail) in west Michigan. The Middleville portion is being connected to the Kent County section which will eventually link to Kent Trails. When complete, the Paul Henry - Thornapple Trail will be a 42-mile multi-use recreation trail running from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Vermontville, Michigan. The trail was originally the Grand River Valley Railroad, constructed in 1868-69. Service on the line ended in 1983, after the state", "id": "8835070" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nWashington Parkway, the Army Corps of Engineers built an extension of the Four Mile Run Trail beneath them that connected the trail to the Mount Vernon Trail. Later that spring, more new sections of the trail opened, connecting it to the Washington & Old Dominion Trail. In 2009, a trail extension was completed near Shirlington that not only linked the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe", "id": "19539435" }, { "contents": "Oswego Recreational Trail\n\n\nThe Oswego County Recreation Trail is a multi-use rail trail in New York. The Oswego Recreational Trail actually comprises two trails which are separated by an on-road section. It follows the route of the former New York, Ontario and Western Railway, abandoned in 1957. The east portion runs from the city of Fulton's Maple Avenue to the village of Central Square, just short of Interstate 81. I-81 was built following the NYO&W abandonment and no provision was made to preserve the railroad right-of-way by", "id": "8745258" }, { "contents": "Van Cortlandt Park\n\n\nPutnam Trail (, easy), an unpaved trail, runs north through the woods to the east of this lawn and west of Van Cortlandt Lake, through the golf course and along Tibbetts Brook and the former New York and Putnam Railroad line into Yonkers, where it connects to Westchester County's paved South County Trailway. The rails themselves are overrun with weeds, but they are no longer usable by trains. The remains of the former Van Cortlandt Park station can be seen along the trail. As part of the park's", "id": "16188090" }, { "contents": "Orange Heritage Trailway\n\n\nThe Orange Heritage Trailway is a 14.5 mile rail trail in Orange County, New York, that runs along the roadbed of the Erie Railroad Main Line from Harriman to a point halfway between Goshen and Middletown, New York. The former Erie Railroad main line turns northwest at a junction and tracks terminate at the site of the now removed and demolished Nepera Chemical plant in the village of Harriman. The undeveloped roadbed continues approximately two miles through Harriman and Monroe. The paved trail begins in Harriman NY, although no trailhead exists in Harriman", "id": "14271335" }, { "contents": "Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)\n\n\nThe Rock Island Trail State Park is a long public rail trail in the west-central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2003. It passes through portions of Peoria and Stark counties. The southern end of the trail is currently located at Pioneer Parkway in north Peoria, Illinois, and the northern end is in Toulon, Illinois, the county seat of Stark County. The right-of-way served as a railroad line from 1871 to 1963, was unused in 1963", "id": "20557951" }, { "contents": "Prairie Spirit Trail State Park\n\n\nPrairie Spirit Trail State Park is a rail trail that is a Kansas State Park. The trail is built on the former right of way of the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad from Ottawa, Kansas, to Iola, Kansas. The trail runs 50 miles from its northern terminus at Ottawa, Kansas to its southern terminus at Iola, Kansas. The trail is open for use by hikers, joggers, and bicyclists year-round, from sunrise to sunset. This trail is paved with a hard-packed limestone screening outside", "id": "6599442" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nThe landscape is mostly cultivated land with remnant stands of prairie and Big Woods. The trail passes through Sakatah Lake State Park and runs through city streets in Waterville. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The route from Red Wing to Waterville was completed in 1882,", "id": "6829782" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nIt is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park.", "id": "19412294" }, { "contents": "Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes\n\n\nThe Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes is a rail trail in the northwest United States, in northern Idaho. It follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way from Mullan, a mountain mining town near the Montana border, westward to Plummer, a town on the prairie near the Washington Generally following the Coeur d'Alene River, the rail line was abandoned in 1991 and the trail officially opened in March 2004. The trail's route winds through the mountainous terrain of historic Silver Valley, into the chain lakes region, along", "id": "10102968" }, { "contents": "Northern Strand Community Trail\n\n\nprimarily runs along the Saugus Branch Railroad, a former branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The trail's right of way is leased from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for 99 years by the respective cities the trail passes through, except in Lynn; if Lynn approves the trail in their borders, they will likely sign a similar lease. Like many nearby rail-trails, these leases include a reversion clause should the right of way be deemed more useful for other transportation uses. The trail features a growing number of", "id": "19115050" }, { "contents": "Arrowhead State Trail\n\n\nThe Arrowhead State Trail is a recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota, USA, geared primarily for winter snowmobile use. It runs from an intersection with the Taconite State Trail west of Tower to an intersection with the Blue Ox Trail south of International Falls. In summer about are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, while the northern section is blocked by areas of wetness and standing water. The Arrowhead State Trail was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1974–75. It is managed by the Minnesota Department", "id": "15732221" }, { "contents": "Krushchev in Iowa Trail\n\n\nKrushchev in Iowa Trail is a planned rail trail running from Herndon, Iowa, to Coon Rapids, Iowa. It is a planned part of the American Discovery Trail. Originally known as the Corn Diplomacy Trail, the Krushchev in Iowa Trail is to be a paved recreational trail that runs through the counties of Guthrie and Carroll along an abandoned Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line. Planned trailheads A connection is planned at Herndon to the Raccoon River Valley Trail in Guthrie county. A connection is planned to Carroll, which is a terminus", "id": "4569009" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nwestern Loudoun County. Its route largely parallels the routes of the Potomac River and Virginia State Route 7 (VA Route 7). The trail connects at its origin to the paved Four Mile Run Trail, which travels eastward through Arlington along a stream embankment to meet the Mount Vernon Trail at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, near the Potomac River. The start of the trail is also accessible from the Shirlington exit (Exit 6) of Interstate 395 (I-395) (the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway). The trail parallels", "id": "21736689" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nat the trail's lowest elevation: above sea level. The trail climbs in while traveling northwest through Arlington County. While in Arlington, the trail ascends through the Atlantic Seaboard fall line while climbing upstream in the valley of Four Mile Run. The trail crosses the Run seven times in the valley on bridges whose abutments were constructed before the Civil War by the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, a predecessor of the W&OD Railroad. After crossing Columbia Pike (VA Route 244), the trail enters a steeply-sloped woodland", "id": "21736691" }, { "contents": "Columbia Trail\n\n\nof the Raritan River parallels the trail through the gorge, and is a scenic fast-flowing small river with recreational activities, especially fly fishing. A trestle carries the trail over the river in the gorge. There are few remnants of the former rail line along the trail, except for the occasional rotting railroad cross ties along the trail. There is a small section of track preserved in Califon and a small and rarely open museum dedicated to the rail line history is located in the preserved train station in the town center.", "id": "8728332" }, { "contents": "Monroe, Wisconsin\n\n\nto the city swimming pool; and Honey Creek Park, the site of a skate park. The city is the eastern starting point for the Cheese Country Trail, a 47-mile multi-purpose recreational path, and the Badger State Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian-only trail in summer and an ATV/snowmobile trail in winter. The \"Cheese Trail\" extends from Mineral Point to Monroe, while the Badger State Trail runs from the state line to Madison and connects to the Jane Addams Trail in Illinois. Both are former", "id": "17283013" }, { "contents": "Withlacoochee State Trail\n\n\nWithlacoochee State Trail is a long paved, multi-use, non-motorized rail trail in Florida located in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties. It follows along the Withlacoochee River and passes through the Withlacoochee State Forest. It is the longest paved rail trail in Florida. The original railroad line was formed sometime in the 1880s as the Inverness and Brooksville Railway. It connected with the Florida Northern Railroad in Citrus Springs and with the South Florida Railroad (SFR) in Dade City. In 1892, the Silver Springs, Ocala", "id": "16480832" }, { "contents": "Kal-Haven Trail\n\n\nthe parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped. The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding is allowed on", "id": "5253109" }, { "contents": "St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad\n\n\nfor a time. In 1978, local shippers took over the operation and it became the Lamoille Valley Railroad. In 1989, the line was leased to a Florida company and was operated by them until major flooding in 1995 and 1997 damaged the line so much that it was not profitable to repair the track. In 2002, the state of Vermont started converting the 96 mile route into a recreational trail and created the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. Milepost 0: St. Johnsbury interchange with Maine Central Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway. Milepost", "id": "688110" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nCumberland Valley Rail Trail (CVRT) is a National Recreation Trail rail trail that follows the former Cumberland Valley Railroad rail corridor for 9.5 miles, from Shippensburg to Newville, through the farmlands of western Cumberland County in south-central Pennsylvania. Historical significance The Cumberland Valley Railroad (CV) began service in the Cumberland Valley on the current CVRT corridor in 1837. In 1838 CV became the first railroad in the U.S. to offer overnight sleeping cars. Twenty years later, John Brown and his abolitionist compatriots traveled to Harpers Ferry on CV", "id": "19478189" }, { "contents": "Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail\n\n\nGainesville-Hawthorne State Trail is a rail trail in Florida. It is protected as a long Florida State Park and runs from the City of Gainesville's Boulware Springs Water Works to the town of Hawthorne. It passes through the Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park and the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area along a former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad line. The property was purchased by the state of Florida from CSX Transportation with money from the \"trails from rails\" program in late 1989. Activities include hiking, running, cycling, rollerblading, and", "id": "19673293" }, { "contents": "Summerset Trail\n\n\nThe Summerset Trail is a rail trail in Warren County in south-central Iowa in the United States. The trail is long and is paved with asphalt. It follows the route of an abandoned rail line between the cities of Carlisle at its northeastern end and Indianola at the southwest. The trail passes remnants of prairie, wetlands along the Middle River southwest of Carlisle, and woodlands north of Indianola. Trailheads are at Carlisle and Indianola, and at the trail's midpoint at Banner Lakes at Summerset State Park. The Carlisle trailhead", "id": "2470854" }, { "contents": "Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway\n\n\nwestern Washington lines remained in fairly heavy use until 1963. By 1970, most of the line was acquired by Burlington Northern Railway which filed to abandon the lines a year later in 1971. Seven years later, in 1978, the between Gas Works Park in Seattle and Tracy Owen Station in Kenmore was reopened as the Burke-Gilman Trail bike path and recreational rail trail, named after the leaders of the group that founded the railroad, Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman. The bike path and rail trail has been extended along the", "id": "17373452" }, { "contents": "Spokane River Centennial Trail\n\n\nThe Spokane River Centennial Trail is a paved trail in Eastern Washington for alternate transportation and recreational use. It is managed by Washington State Parks as the Spokane River Centennial State Park Trail. The trail extends from Sontag Park in Nine Mile Falls, Washington to the Washington/Idaho border. It passes through the cities of Spokane, Washington, Spokane Valley, Washington, Liberty Lake, Washington and the unincorporated community of Spokane Bridge, before crossing under the Interstate 90 Spokane River Bridge—traveling through Kootenai County, Idaho for approximately —", "id": "4618637" }, { "contents": "Wallkill Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Wallkill Valley Rail Trail is a rail trail and linear park that runs along the former Wallkill Valley Railroad rail corridor in Ulster County, New York. It stretches from Gardiner through New Paltz, Rosendale, and Ulster to the Kingston city line. The trail is separated from the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail by two state prisons in Shawangunk, though there have been plans to bypass these facilities, and to connect the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail with other regional rail trails. The northern section of the trail forms part of the proposed", "id": "12405545" }, { "contents": "Folsom Lake State Recreation Area\n\n\nmonths when school is still in session, evenings and weekends are the times of highest lake activity. There are 95 miles of trail at Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. These trails are used by hiker, bicyclists, runners, and horseback riders. A portion of the Western States/ Pioneer Express Trail between Sacramento and Carson City, Nevada also runs through the park. A paved bicycle trail loops around Lake Natoma, linking to Beals Point and the American River Bike Trail. Native Americans of the Maidu or Nisenan tribe inhabited the land", "id": "20827159" }, { "contents": "Zim Smith Trail\n\n\nThe Zim Smith Trail is the main multi-use trail of a network of trails in Saratoga County, New York. Extending nine miles, it connects the towns of Halfmoon, Clifton Park, Round Lake Village, Malta and Ballston Spa. It is the only trail in New York state to be designated a national recreation trail by the U.S. Department of Interior and National Park Service. The trail starts at Oak Street in Ballston Spa and runs through Malta's Shenantaha Creek Park. From there the trail passes under Interstate 87,", "id": "12911745" }, { "contents": "Old Erie Path\n\n\nThe Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking. The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad", "id": "21704717" }, { "contents": "Goodhue Pioneer State Trail\n\n\nThe Goodhue Pioneer State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in southeastern Minnesota, USA. The of trail currently exist in two segments, separated by a gap. The northern segment is a paved trail running from Red Wing, Minnesota, to the Hay Creek section of the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest near Hay Creek Township. The southern section is a natural-surface trail running northward from the Zumbrota Covered Bridge Park in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The trail corridor follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway segment that", "id": "13493095" }, { "contents": "Hank Aaron State Trail\n\n\nThe Hank Aaron State Trail is a 14-mile rail trail in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The trail is named for former Milwaukee Braves and Milwaukee Brewers right fielder Hank Aaron, and was built on a former roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. The trail begins on the shore of Lake Michigan in Lakeshore State Park (). The trail travels west through Milwaukee, passing by the Harley-Davidson Museum, Potawatomi Hotel & Casino, Miller Park, and the Wisconsin State Fair Park. The trail ends", "id": "9082958" }, { "contents": "Clive Greenbelt Trail\n\n\nClive Greenbelt Trail is an urban recreational trail in Clive, Iowa and forms part of the Central Iowa Trails network. This very busy recreational trail runs through Polk and Dallas Counties in Iowa. It is a curvy, paved asphalt and concrete trail. The trail begins at 73rd Street and Walnut Creek at the Walmart in Windsor Heights. It meanders along the north bank of Walnut Creek for to Country Club Blvd. Between the Lake Country Club dam and 142nd Street, the trail is on the street near the northshore of Lake Country", "id": "5561819" }, { "contents": "Fort Fraser Trail\n\n\nThe Fort Fraser Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Bartow to Lakeland. It runs along a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that once ran from Lakeland to Naples. The Southern terminus of the trail can be accessed from North Wilson Avenue in Bartow, immediately North of Tractor Supply Company. The Northern terminus is at the entrance to the Polk State College (Lakeland) campus in Lakeland. A paved extension of the trail runs to the Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland, a park run by Polk County", "id": "9622262" }, { "contents": "High Trestle Trail\n\n\nHigh Trestle Trail is a rail trail running from Ankeny to Woodward in central Iowa. The recreation trail opened on April 30, 2011. It is a paved recreational trail that runs through the Polk, Story, Boone, and Dallas counties. The trail's name is derived from a former 1913 bridge that spanned the Des Moines River between the towns of Madrid and Woodward. Conservation board directors and the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation estimate that more than 3,000 people use this trail each week. The trail is a major component of a", "id": "10959275" }, { "contents": "Cannon Valley Trail\n\n\nThe Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing. Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW", "id": "19411630" }, { "contents": "Dutchess Rail Trail\n\n\nwas double tracked, allowing for a simultaneous paved and packed dirt trail. In January 2012, a 1-mile stretch of property was purchased from CSX Transportation. An effort was made to develop this stretch of property in 2013, resulting in connections with Walkway Over the Hudson and the Hudson Valley Rail Trail. The railroad line was built in 1892 by the Central New England Railway; it was severed by a fire on the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974. Dutchess County originally purchased the Maybrook Line to build a limited access highway to Interstate 84", "id": "1685096" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Central Lakes State Trail is a paved recreational rail trail in central Minnesota, USA, running along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail is marked with mileposts every mile, corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad line. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The trail begins in Osakis at the western end of the Lake Wobegon Trail and runs parallel to Interstate 94 before ending in Fergus Falls. This trail passes through the towns of Nelson, Alexandria, Garfield, Brandon,", "id": "8504440" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The main trail is a trail along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line, beginning near milepost 81 in St. Joseph and ending near milepost 130 in Osakis. This trail runs parallel to I-94. The trail", "id": "7951626" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\npasses through the cities of Avon, Albany, Freeport, Melrose, Sauk Centre, and West Union. Beyond Osakis, the trail continues as the Central Lakes Trail. These two trails form a continuous trail from St. Joseph to Fergus Falls. The extension trail intersects near milepost 97 of the main trail in Albany. The extension trail is a trail along a former Soo Line Railroad line, beginning near milepost 131 in Albany passing through Albany, Krain and Holding Townships and ending northeast of Holdingford at approx. milepost 143.5, passing", "id": "7951627" }, { "contents": "Heartland State Trail\n\n\nThe Heartland State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, USA. It runs between Park Rapids and Cass Lake, intersecting with the Paul Bunyan State Trail around Walker. The entire route is paved, with a parallel grass trackway along the southern half for horseback riding and mountain biking. The northern half of the trail has some parallel trackway for snowmobiles. A segment north of Walker traverses very hilly terrain to appeal to snowmobilers; other users can follow a marked alternate route on paved road shoulders", "id": "18296395" }, { "contents": "Glacial Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Glacial Lakes State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in south-central Minnesota, USA. Developed from a former Burlington Northern Railroad grade, it traverses a landscape of lakes and gently rolling hills formed 10,000 years ago during the last glacial period. The trail currently extends from outside Willmar through the communities of Spicer, New London, and Hawick to the North Fork Crow River. Beyond that the undeveloped railbed is open for some recreational uses for another through the city of Richmond, but some of the original railroad", "id": "17680490" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run\n\n\nFour Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved non-motorized transport and recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail. In Arlington, the stream passes from the Piedmont through the Fall Line to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in a deep forested valley. The stream's eastern section", "id": "19376418" }, { "contents": "Agassiz Recreational Trail\n\n\nAgassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, USA, between Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the naturally surfaced trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The Agassiz Recreational Trail was converted from an abandoned rail bed running parallel to state highways 32 and 102. It passes through the following towns (in", "id": "14209427" }, { "contents": "Erie Lackawanna Trail\n\n\nErie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail in located in Lake County, Indiana which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of . The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in", "id": "21971553" }, { "contents": "Paul Bunyan State Trail\n\n\nThe Paul Bunyan State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, United States, running between the cities of Brainerd and Bemidji. Named after the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan of American folklore, the trail is the longest continuously paved trail in the United States. The route was part of the Burlington Northern Railroad lines abandoned in 1983. The trail currently covers a distance of . The southern extension, completed in 2012, moved the southern terminus to Crow Wing State Park. The route through Bemidji currently", "id": "15010231" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon is a 26.2 mile foot race from Holdingford, Minnesota, to St. Joseph, Minnesota, on a paved trail called the Lake Wobegon Trail. The course is USATF-certified, making it a qualifying race for the Boston Marathon. The race is sponsored and organized by the St. Cloud River Runners, a running group active since 1983 with about 150 members. The flat, straight course is run on a blacktop trail converted from freight rail lines. After starting at the high school in Holdingford, the", "id": "8840283" }, { "contents": "Yelm–Tenino Trail\n\n\nThe Yelm–Tenino Trail is a rail trail located in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The long cycling and walking trail has been constructed along the route of a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail runs parallel to State Route 507 and intersects with the Chehalis Western Trail. Trailheads are located at the trail termini in the towns of Yelm and Tenino as well as in the town of Rainier. The trail is used by bicyclists participating in the annual Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic as they ride from Yelm to Tenino", "id": "3903345" }, { "contents": "Northern Rail Trail (New Hampshire)\n\n\nThe Northern Recreational Rail Trail, also known as the Northern Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail trail in western New Hampshire, USA, running from Lebanon to Boscawen. It uses the right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad's former Northern Line, which was acquired by the State of New Hampshire in 1996. The trail is managed by the New Hampshire Bureau of Trails. The Northern Railroad built this line from Concord to White River Junction, Vermont, in 1847. The Boston-based investors", "id": "10109519" }, { "contents": "Little Valley, New York\n\n\nand Ellicottville. County Routes 5 and 14 start in the northwest corner of the town and head toward New Albion and East Otto, respectively. The Pat McGee Trail, a hiking and snowmobile rail trail that follows the path of the now-removed railroad, runs through the town parallel to Route 353. The Conservation Trail, a subset of the Finger Lakes Trail (itself a subset of the North Country Trail), passes through the town connecting the state forests therein; the two trails share a roughly one-mile wrong", "id": "16894285" }, { "contents": "Taconite State Trail\n\n\nThe Taconite State Trail extends 165 miles from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota and intersects the Arrowhead State Trail west of Lake Vermilion. On the Grand Rapids end, the trail is paved for the first 6 miles for in-line skating and biking. The rest of the trail is natural surface used primarily in the winter months for snowmobiling. In the summer, several areas contain standing water, but some areas are suitable for horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking Taconite State Trail is a scenic experience twisting through", "id": "11590151" }, { "contents": "Ashuwillticook Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Ashuwillticook Rail Trail is a former railroad corridor converted into a paved, universally accessible, scenic rail trail path. The Ashuwillticook (ash-oo-will-ti-cook) Rail Trail runs parallel to Route 8 through the towns of Cheshire, Lanesborough and Adams, Massachusetts and is used for biking, walking, roller-blading, and jogging. The trail is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Its first two phases opened in 2001 and 2004, with a 1.2-mile northerly extension opening", "id": "6836871" }, { "contents": "Onondaga Lake Park\n\n\nuses (strollers, children's bicycles with training wheels, tricycles and wheel chair users) are also permitted on this trail which is not plowed in the winter. The West Shore Trail is long from where it connects to the East Shore Recreation Trail at its most western end to its most eastern end off Exit 7 of Interstate 690. Located along the western shore of Onondaga Lake, this paved trail meanders through over 4.5 miles (ca. 7 km) of woodlands and open areas. It is used by bicyclists, walkers", "id": "8426451" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nMinnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve.", "id": "19412293" }, { "contents": "Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail (TCB), the official name of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR) Trail, is a rail trail that runs along an abandoned railroad corridor where the Northern Central Railway once operated. The trail extends 20 miles from Ashland Road in Cockeysville, Maryland to the boundary with Pennsylvania. At the Pennsylvania line, the Torrey C. Brown Trail becomes the York County Heritage Rail Trail (part of BicyclePA Route J) and continues to the city of York. The trail is wide with a stone dust", "id": "1111662" }, { "contents": "Central Massachusetts Railroad\n\n\ntowns along the former Wheelwright Branch exhibited similar enthusiasm for recreational trails along the property. In March 1985 with support from the local governments and regional planning agency the state purchased 10 miles of the line between the west end of the Connecticut River Bridge in Northampton and Amherst with the intent to convert it into a rail trail. Work began in 1992 and on July 29, 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management officially opened the Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail. By 1997 the trail extended as far as Belchertown where progress halted due to a", "id": "17724305" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nHeading east, all distances on the trail are measured from the Killarney Station which is the Mile zero marker. There is a mile marker every to mark your location at the trail, useful during emergencies. The trail runs east towards downtown Oakland over the former Orange Belt Railway where it crosses the Florida Turnpike on a converted railroad bridge. The path passes through the Oakland Nature Preserve on the way through downtown Oakland (Mile 2) where there is an outpost. From Oakland to Winter Garden, the Orange Belt Railway and the", "id": "20145820" }, { "contents": "Panhandle Pathway\n\n\nThe Panhandle Pathway is a rail to trail conversion in north central Indiana, United States. It is currently about 21 miles long and runs along the former Pennsylvania Railroad Panhandle line. At the north, the trail begins in the town of Winamac, Indiana, and closely parallels U.S. Highway 35 toward its south terminus in Kenneth, west of Logansport, Indiana. As of August 2015, the trail is accessible from parking areas in Winamac, Star City, and Royal Center. The pathway has a trailhead near its south terminus at", "id": "11518683" }, { "contents": "Columbia Plateau Trail\n\n\nconstructed by the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway Company in the early 1900s. That line's successor, the Burlington Northern Company, abandoned the line in 1987, paving the way for the state to acquire 130 miles of right-of-way, from milepost 235.0 near East Pasco to milepost 365.0 near South Cheney, in 1991. State Park management began in 1992. Standing remnants of the trail's railroad past include the historic Burr Canyon trestle built in 1908. The northern portion of the trail passes through a habitat", "id": "1634738" }, { "contents": "Bugline Trail\n\n\nThe Bugline Recreation Trail is a paved 16-mile trail located on the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and Pacific Railroad right-of-way in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. The trail stretches between Appleton Ave (Wisconsin Highway 175) in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States to just east of North Lake in the Town of Merton. A separate 4-foot-wide bridle trail adjacent to the original 8-foot-wide recreation trail extends 2.5 miles from The Ranch in Menomonee Falls to Menomonee Park where it joins the Park bridle trails", "id": "14315703" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nthrough Holdingford. This bicycle trail continues beyond milepost 143.5 as the Soo Line Trail, crossing the Mississippi River at the Blanchard Dam, changing from asphalt to gravel at U.S. 10 south of Little Falls, and extending to Onamia. The Soo Line Trail traverses Morrison County and Mille Lacs County. The extension is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota, located near Holdingford. The Saintly Seven is a completed 7 mile extension to bring the trail from St. Joseph all the way into Waite Park and Saint Cloud. The extension allows", "id": "7951628" }, { "contents": "Harlem Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Harlem Valley Rail Trail is a paved rail trail on an abandoned portion of the New York and Harlem Railroad, north of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Line terminus in Wassaic. It is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). It is maintained through an agreement between OPRHP, Dutchess County and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association. The former New York and Harlem main line was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1864, and became part of Penn Central Railroad", "id": "13113184" }, { "contents": "Mesabi Trail\n\n\nThe Mesabi Trail is a 132-mile paved bicycle trail running from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota. As of 2016, the trail is still under construction with approximately 25 miles of trail incomplete. The trail goes through the many small towns along it, such as Marble, Keewatin, Hibbing, Mountain Iron, Virginia, and Gilbert. Much of the trail runs along abandoned railroad grade. Since 2005, the Mesabi Trail has hosted a long bike ride every year in mid-August. Each stop (usually at a", "id": "3828941" }, { "contents": "Hayward, Wisconsin\n\n\nlocated, has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along existing county forest logging roads is permitted. There are 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails for winter use and 80.8 miles designated for summer use. State owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest", "id": "17383849" }, { "contents": "Great Western Trail (Iowa)\n\n\nThe Great Western Trail is a rail trail in the Des Moines metropolitan area south-central Iowa, United States. The trails is long and paved with asphalt. The trail follows the route of an abandoned line of the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, constructed in 1899 and last operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It runs between southwestern Des Moines at its north end and Martensdale at the south, passing through suburban areas, Willow Creek Golf Course, fields and farmland, and the wooded valley of", "id": "2371209" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail, Nova Scotia\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Beechville to Fairview. The trail is named for the Chain Lakes along which the trail runs. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg. They are part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route, a planned 3,000 kilometer cycling trail system. The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South", "id": "12562229" }, { "contents": "York County Heritage Rail Trail\n\n\nHeritage Rail Trail County Park is a National Recreation Trail rail-with-trail in Pennsylvania built in 1999 by the York County Rail Trail Authority (YCRTA). It connects with the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Maryland. The trail runs along the active Northern Central Railway line and forms the southernmost part of Route J in the BicyclePA route system. The York County Heritage Rail Trail is located along railroad tracks built during the nineteenth century as part of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR). The NCR was an important link", "id": "16256720" }, { "contents": "Sammamish River Trail\n\n\nThe Sammamish River Trail is a bike path and recreational trail in King County, Washington that runs along the Sammamish River from Blythe Park in Bothell to Marymoor Park in Redmond. It connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail at its north western end, and to the Redmond Central Connector at its south eastern end. The trail is paved for bicycle, inline-skate and pedestrian use and is paralleled for most of its length by an unpaved equestrian trail. It passes near the Chateau Ste. Michelle, Columbia and Silver Lake wineries", "id": "6886606" }, { "contents": "Snohomish County Centennial Trail\n\n\nintersection with Washington State Route 531 before the roadway continues north into Downtown Arlington after an underpass with Washington State Route 9. The route continues through Downtown Arlington along West Avenue before a former railroad trestle carries the trail across the Stillaguamish River and towards Bryant along Washington State Route 9. The Centennial Trail passes its final trailhead, the Nakashima Heritage Barn & Centennial Trail North, before ending at the Skagit County line south of Lake McMurray. The Centennial Trail runs on the right-of-way of the Sumas Branch of the former", "id": "1137624" }, { "contents": "Cape Haze Pioneer Trail\n\n\nThe Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway. The trail begins at the intersection of State Road 776 and Pinedale Drive in western Port Charlotte. It runs south along Pinedale Drive briefly before shifting east on to the former railroad corridor. It then proceeds south along the railroad corridor, passing near Rotonda West and crossing over Coral", "id": "14271713" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The Southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue E Northwest near the bus terminal and city hall. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida", "id": "9881595" }, { "contents": "Mill Towns Trail\n\n\nThe Mill Towns State Trail is a multi-use trail in development along the Cannon River. Currently a rail trail linking Northfield and Dundas, the trail is planned to extend southward to Faribault and eastward to Cannon Falls. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The", "id": "16299313" }, { "contents": "Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail is a paved 3.8 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the Blauvelt Free Library on Western Highway in the hamlet of Blauvelt, and ends at the intersection of Oak Tree Road in the hamlet of Tappan. The trail intersects the Old Erie Path at Depot Square in Sparkill. The trail follows the right-of-ways of two former railroads. From the southern trailhead in Tappan to Sparkill, it follows the Northern Branch", "id": "21704786" }, { "contents": "Bruce Vento Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Bruce Vento Regional Trail is a rail trail in the cities of Vadnais Heights, Gem Lake, Maplewood, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. The trail occupies an abandoned Burlington Northern Railroad corridor and intersects with the Gateway State Trail in Maplewood and continues to just east of Lake Phalen in Saint Paul. South of the lake, it continues along Phalen Boulevard and through Swede Hollow to its terminus near Seventh Street. Another spur off of Phalen Boulevard continues west, going over a long bridge that crosses very active railroad tracks", "id": "15151449" }, { "contents": "Terrace Mountain Trail\n\n\nPark (mile ); primitive camping is permitted in designated locations along the trail. The trail is marked with blue blazes and mileposts. Beginning at the south end of the lake near Weaver Falls, the first of the trail follows the old Tressler logging road onto the wooded slopes of Terrace Mountain. During a steep climb, you can stop for water at Putt's Boy Scout Camp (mile ). The trail continues through mature hardwood forest dominated by hickory, oak, and maple, with spectacular spring wildflowers. At mile", "id": "8808985" }, { "contents": "Paint Creek Trail\n\n\n1983 as the first rail trail in Michigan. The trail is in the right-of-way of the former Michigan Central Railroad and Penn Central Railroad lines. The original rail line was completed in 1872, and was in service until Penn Central's railroad operations were taken over by Conrail in 1976. The right-of-way was purchased by the Paint Creek Trail Commission in 1983 for $450,000. The trail will plan to start at Lake Orion, then stops at South Lake Orion, Goodison Orion Road, Goodison", "id": "11361335" }, { "contents": "Conewago Recreation Trail\n\n\nThe Conewago Recreation Trail is a public recreational rail trail that follows the once Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad rail corridor for a total of slightly over 5.0 miles. The trail stretches from Elizabethtown, PA to the Lebanon County Line, PA, at which point it links up to the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail which continues for another 15.0 miles. The Conewago Recreation Trail runs adjacent to the Conewago Creek running through quiet farmland and forested areas. Trail goers can enjoy walking, jogging, bicycling, horseback riding and other non-motorized recreational uses", "id": "3407872" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon\n\n\nrefers to a cafe in downtown Lake Wobegon called the \"Chatterbox Cafe\". There is a real cafe and gas station in Olivia by the same name. Olivia is in north-central Renville County. The Minnesota Rails and Trails project began creating the Lake Wobegon Trail in 1998. It now stretches from Waite Park, Minnesota just west of St. Cloud, to Freeport, Minnesota, where it forks; one trail heads northwest to Osakis, Minnesota, the other northeast to Holdingford, Minnesota and Bowlus, Minnesota, and on", "id": "12575406" }, { "contents": "Lake Bemidji State Park\n\n\ntrail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike. The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails. In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system", "id": "11692170" }, { "contents": "North Central State Trail\n\n\nThe North Central State Trail is a 62-mile (100 km) recreational rail trail serving a section of the northern quarter of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Following a route generally parallel to Interstate 75, the trail goes northward from the Michigan town of Gaylord to the top of the Lower Peninsula at Mackinaw City and connects to the North Western State Trail. It serves the towns of Vanderbilt, Indian River, and Cheboygan which connects to the Northeastern State Trail. The North Central State Trail occupies what was once", "id": "17921256" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nA short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along the former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail", "id": "19412295" }, { "contents": "Spruce Railroad Trail\n\n\nThe Spruce Railroad Trail (sometimes called Lake Crescent Trail) is a rail trail located on the shores of Lake Crescent about west of Port Angeles, Washington, and is part of the 134-mile-long Olympic Discovery Trail. The trail follows the former Port Angeles Western Railroad grade along the shores of Lake Crescent. Built during World War I for the Spruce Production Division to transport spruce from the western Olympic Peninsula for the aircraft industry, it was completed in 1919, a year too late for its intended purpose. The trail is", "id": "7465546" }, { "contents": "OC&E Woods Line State Trail\n\n\nThe OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir. Along its length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly. The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately . Beyond Olene, the trail surface is", "id": "11038009" }, { "contents": "Glacial Drumlin State Trail\n\n\nin the Southern Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Lake Kegonsa State Park, the Capital Springs State Recreation Area and at the Sandhill Station State Campground Snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowshoe hiking are permitted on the trail during the winter months. Snowmobiles are only permitted on the 39-mile limestone section of the trail but not on the paved asphalt section between Waukesha and Dousman. Snowmobiles must follow all Wisconsin snowmobile laws on this trail. Skiers and snowshoe hikers must share the trail with snowmobilers. Skiers and snowshoe hikers do", "id": "21208171" }, { "contents": "Hancock, Michigan\n\n\npartly in the city. The Jack Stevens Rail Trail runs through the city of Hancock and continues on 14 miles north to Calumet on a now-abandoned Soo Line Railroad grade. The Keweenaw Trail or Trail 3 is the main snowmobiling route to and from Houghton and Hancock, it connects to other nearby trails including the North and South Freda Trails which lead toward Lake Superior, and the Stevens Trail which goes to Calumet. Elementary-school students attend the Gordon Barkell Elementary School (formerly Hancock Elementary School), middle school students", "id": "17903027" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nThe West Orange Trail is a long multi-use rail trail owned by Orange County Parks and Recreation in Orange County, Florida, in the United States. The paved trail passes through downtown Oakland, Winter Garden, and Apopka with most of its length built on old railroad alignments. To the west of the West Orange Trail is the South Lake-Lake Minneola Scenic Trail in Lake County which was connected to the trail in 2007. There are four main stations on the West Orange Trail, each providing parking, restroom facilities", "id": "20145818" }, { "contents": "Meadowlands, Minnesota\n\n\n-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles. Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range. According to the United States Census", "id": "3264262" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nThe Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the", "id": "19539432" }, { "contents": "Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park\n\n\nThe Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States. The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is long, and averages wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from to , and total acreage", "id": "5023514" }, { "contents": "Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway)\n\n\nThe Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway) is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The", "id": "3548791" }, { "contents": "Badger State Trail\n\n\nThe Badger State Trail is a rail trail in south central Wisconsin. The trail leads from the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Madison passing through, from south to north, Monroe, Monticello, Belleville and Fitchburg. Near Monticello, the trail passes through the long, unlit Stewart Tunnel constructed in 1887. The trail was officially opened July 8, 2007. The main route of the trail follows a former rail line that was originally built by the Chicago, Madison and Northern Railroad and opened in 1887, with the first official", "id": "14059319" }, { "contents": "Rail trail\n\n\nwas developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. In Quebec, Le P'tit Train du Nord runs from Saint-Jérôme to Mont-Laurier. In Toronto, there are two rail trails, the Beltline Trail and the West Toronto Railpath. In central Ontario, the former Victoria Railway line, which runs from the town of Lindsay, Ontario, north to the village of Haliburton, in", "id": "12830745" }, { "contents": "Cheshire, Massachusetts\n\n\nserved by the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad. Most of the line was converted into the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail , an -long, , universally accessible, paved path connecting the Berkshire towns of Lanesborough, Cheshire, and Adams. The trail runs parallel to Route 8 and passes through woods and marshlands, and alongside a lake and a river, with wooded hills and Mount Greylock as a backdrop. The path and has become a popular resource for biking, walking, roller-blading, jogging, etc. The trail passes through the", "id": "21975354" }, { "contents": "Greene River Trail\n\n\nThe Greene River Trail is a non-motorized rail trail 60 miles south of Pittsburgh in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Greene River Trail runs along the banks of the Monongahela River as it winds through the former coal mining region of Greene County. The 5.2-mile trail begins in Millsboro at the Greene Cove Yacht Club, where the trail follows Ten Mile Creek for a quarter mile before turning upstream along the left (west) bank of the Monongahela River. The trail passes through Rices Landing and ends in Crucible. Plans call for the", "id": "14813403" }, { "contents": "Van Buren Trail State Park\n\n\nVan Buren Trail State Park, also known as Trail State Park, is an unimproved rail trail running along a former railroad right-of-way between Hartford, Michigan to South Haven, Michigan in Van Buren County. It is long and mostly used by horse trail riders in the summer and snowmobilers in the winter. Terrain is flat with farmland and trees. In 2004, Van Buren County took over operation of the state-owned trail after state budget problems. There is a trail pass system to pay for maintenance.", "id": "6257199" }, { "contents": "Banks–Vernonia State Trail\n\n\nThe Banks–Vernonia State Trail is a paved rail trail and state park in northwest Oregon in the United States. It runs for , primarily north–south, between the towns of Vernonia in Columbia County and Banks in Washington County on an abandoned railroad bed. Banks is about west of Portland. The wide trail is open to non-motorized uses such as hiking and biking. A wide horse trail parallels the hiking and biking trail. The rail trail crosses 12 bridges and the Buxton Trestle, a former railroad trestle bridge", "id": "6147760" }, { "contents": "Florida State Road 589\n\n\npart of the Suncoast Parkway project, a multi-use paved recreational trail called the Suncoast Trail was constructed parallel to the western side of the highway, and opened along with the Parkway itself in 2001. The trail begins at Lutz-Lake Fern Road (Exit 16), and continues north for 41 miles to the highway's terminus at US 98. Four miles north of State Road 54, an additional 6.5-mile paved bicycle trail connects the Suncoast Trail to the J. B. Starkey Wilderness Park in New Port Richey. Use of", "id": "12401397" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nSakatah Singing Hills State Trail is a paved multi-use rail trail connecting Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, US. It is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which converted it from a railroad line. The name derives from the Dakota people who lived in the region; \"Sakatah\" translates into \"singing hills\". It began as a snowmobile trail and is now shared by hikers, joggers and cross-country skiers. There are sections of parallel dirt trail for horseback riders but they are not continuous.", "id": "6829781" }, { "contents": "Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail that connects with the John Wayne Pioneer Trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road's Everett Branch (Cedar Falls-Everett, later shortened to Monroe, WA). The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall. The trail parallels the Cedar Falls Road before it heads east passing Rainbow Lake and down through the Boxley Creek drainage where a trestle bridge crosses a tributary of", "id": "18545106" }, { "contents": "Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail\n\n\npreserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007. Construction of a multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome. The eastern end of the pavement is Holloway RD in the Etoniah Creek State Forest. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)", "id": "7679575" }, { "contents": "Chippewa River State Trail\n\n\nChippewa River State Trail is a 26-mile urban-rural rail trail in western Wisconsin that follows the path of the Chippewa River. The trails runs from the spot of the confluence of the Chippewa with the Eau Claire River, at Phoenix Park in downtown Eau Claire to the town of Durand where it meets up with the Red Cedar State Trail. A former railroad corridor, the trail passes through a variety of habitat including wetlands, prairies, and sandstone bluff. The Chippewa River State Trail will eventually be part of the greater Chippewa", "id": "19531697" }, { "contents": "Thornapple Trail\n\n\nThe Thornapple Trail is the abbreviated name for the a partially completed Paul Henry-Thornapple Trail (rail trail) in west Michigan. The Middleville portion is being connected to the Kent County section which will eventually link to Kent Trails. When complete, the Paul Henry - Thornapple Trail will be a 42-mile multi-use recreation trail running from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Vermontville, Michigan. The trail was originally the Grand River Valley Railroad, constructed in 1868-69. Service on the line ended in 1983, after the state", "id": "8835070" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nWashington Parkway, the Army Corps of Engineers built an extension of the Four Mile Run Trail beneath them that connected the trail to the Mount Vernon Trail. Later that spring, more new sections of the trail opened, connecting it to the Washington & Old Dominion Trail. In 2009, a trail extension was completed near Shirlington that not only linked the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe", "id": "19539435" }, { "contents": "Oswego Recreational Trail\n\n\nThe Oswego County Recreation Trail is a multi-use rail trail in New York. The Oswego Recreational Trail actually comprises two trails which are separated by an on-road section. It follows the route of the former New York, Ontario and Western Railway, abandoned in 1957. The east portion runs from the city of Fulton's Maple Avenue to the village of Central Square, just short of Interstate 81. I-81 was built following the NYO&W abandonment and no provision was made to preserve the railroad right-of-way by", "id": "8745258" }, { "contents": "Van Cortlandt Park\n\n\nPutnam Trail (, easy), an unpaved trail, runs north through the woods to the east of this lawn and west of Van Cortlandt Lake, through the golf course and along Tibbetts Brook and the former New York and Putnam Railroad line into Yonkers, where it connects to Westchester County's paved South County Trailway. The rails themselves are overrun with weeds, but they are no longer usable by trains. The remains of the former Van Cortlandt Park station can be seen along the trail. As part of the park's", "id": "16188090" }, { "contents": "Orange Heritage Trailway\n\n\nThe Orange Heritage Trailway is a 14.5 mile rail trail in Orange County, New York, that runs along the roadbed of the Erie Railroad Main Line from Harriman to a point halfway between Goshen and Middletown, New York. The former Erie Railroad main line turns northwest at a junction and tracks terminate at the site of the now removed and demolished Nepera Chemical plant in the village of Harriman. The undeveloped roadbed continues approximately two miles through Harriman and Monroe. The paved trail begins in Harriman NY, although no trailhead exists in Harriman", "id": "14271335" }, { "contents": "Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)\n\n\nThe Rock Island Trail State Park is a long public rail trail in the west-central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2003. It passes through portions of Peoria and Stark counties. The southern end of the trail is currently located at Pioneer Parkway in north Peoria, Illinois, and the northern end is in Toulon, Illinois, the county seat of Stark County. The right-of-way served as a railroad line from 1871 to 1963, was unused in 1963", "id": "20557951" }, { "contents": "Prairie Spirit Trail State Park\n\n\nPrairie Spirit Trail State Park is a rail trail that is a Kansas State Park. The trail is built on the former right of way of the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad from Ottawa, Kansas, to Iola, Kansas. The trail runs 50 miles from its northern terminus at Ottawa, Kansas to its southern terminus at Iola, Kansas. The trail is open for use by hikers, joggers, and bicyclists year-round, from sunrise to sunset. This trail is paved with a hard-packed limestone screening outside", "id": "6599442" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nThe landscape is mostly cultivated land with remnant stands of prairie and Big Woods. The trail passes through Sakatah Lake State Park and runs through city streets in Waterville. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The route from Red Wing to Waterville was completed in 1882,", "id": "6829782" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nIt is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park.", "id": "19412294" }, { "contents": "Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes\n\n\nThe Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes is a rail trail in the northwest United States, in northern Idaho. It follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way from Mullan, a mountain mining town near the Montana border, westward to Plummer, a town on the prairie near the Washington Generally following the Coeur d'Alene River, the rail line was abandoned in 1991 and the trail officially opened in March 2004. The trail's route winds through the mountainous terrain of historic Silver Valley, into the chain lakes region, along", "id": "10102968" }, { "contents": "Northern Strand Community Trail\n\n\nprimarily runs along the Saugus Branch Railroad, a former branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The trail's right of way is leased from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for 99 years by the respective cities the trail passes through, except in Lynn; if Lynn approves the trail in their borders, they will likely sign a similar lease. Like many nearby rail-trails, these leases include a reversion clause should the right of way be deemed more useful for other transportation uses. The trail features a growing number of", "id": "19115050" }, { "contents": "Arrowhead State Trail\n\n\nThe Arrowhead State Trail is a recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota, USA, geared primarily for winter snowmobile use. It runs from an intersection with the Taconite State Trail west of Tower to an intersection with the Blue Ox Trail south of International Falls. In summer about are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, while the northern section is blocked by areas of wetness and standing water. The Arrowhead State Trail was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1974–75. It is managed by the Minnesota Department", "id": "15732221" }, { "contents": "Krushchev in Iowa Trail\n\n\nKrushchev in Iowa Trail is a planned rail trail running from Herndon, Iowa, to Coon Rapids, Iowa. It is a planned part of the American Discovery Trail. Originally known as the Corn Diplomacy Trail, the Krushchev in Iowa Trail is to be a paved recreational trail that runs through the counties of Guthrie and Carroll along an abandoned Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line. Planned trailheads A connection is planned at Herndon to the Raccoon River Valley Trail in Guthrie county. A connection is planned to Carroll, which is a terminus", "id": "4569009" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nwestern Loudoun County. Its route largely parallels the routes of the Potomac River and Virginia State Route 7 (VA Route 7). The trail connects at its origin to the paved Four Mile Run Trail, which travels eastward through Arlington along a stream embankment to meet the Mount Vernon Trail at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, near the Potomac River. The start of the trail is also accessible from the Shirlington exit (Exit 6) of Interstate 395 (I-395) (the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway). The trail parallels", "id": "21736689" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nat the trail's lowest elevation: above sea level. The trail climbs in while traveling northwest through Arlington County. While in Arlington, the trail ascends through the Atlantic Seaboard fall line while climbing upstream in the valley of Four Mile Run. The trail crosses the Run seven times in the valley on bridges whose abutments were constructed before the Civil War by the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, a predecessor of the W&OD Railroad. After crossing Columbia Pike (VA Route 244), the trail enters a steeply-sloped woodland", "id": "21736691" }, { "contents": "Columbia Trail\n\n\nof the Raritan River parallels the trail through the gorge, and is a scenic fast-flowing small river with recreational activities, especially fly fishing. A trestle carries the trail over the river in the gorge. There are few remnants of the former rail line along the trail, except for the occasional rotting railroad cross ties along the trail. There is a small section of track preserved in Califon and a small and rarely open museum dedicated to the rail line history is located in the preserved train station in the town center.", "id": "8728332" }, { "contents": "Monroe, Wisconsin\n\n\nto the city swimming pool; and Honey Creek Park, the site of a skate park. The city is the eastern starting point for the Cheese Country Trail, a 47-mile multi-purpose recreational path, and the Badger State Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian-only trail in summer and an ATV/snowmobile trail in winter. The \"Cheese Trail\" extends from Mineral Point to Monroe, while the Badger State Trail runs from the state line to Madison and connects to the Jane Addams Trail in Illinois. Both are former", "id": "17283013" }, { "contents": "Withlacoochee State Trail\n\n\nWithlacoochee State Trail is a long paved, multi-use, non-motorized rail trail in Florida located in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties. It follows along the Withlacoochee River and passes through the Withlacoochee State Forest. It is the longest paved rail trail in Florida. The original railroad line was formed sometime in the 1880s as the Inverness and Brooksville Railway. It connected with the Florida Northern Railroad in Citrus Springs and with the South Florida Railroad (SFR) in Dade City. In 1892, the Silver Springs, Ocala", "id": "16480832" }, { "contents": "Kal-Haven Trail\n\n\nthe parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped. The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding is allowed on", "id": "5253109" }, { "contents": "St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad\n\n\nfor a time. In 1978, local shippers took over the operation and it became the Lamoille Valley Railroad. In 1989, the line was leased to a Florida company and was operated by them until major flooding in 1995 and 1997 damaged the line so much that it was not profitable to repair the track. In 2002, the state of Vermont started converting the 96 mile route into a recreational trail and created the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. Milepost 0: St. Johnsbury interchange with Maine Central Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway. Milepost", "id": "688110" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nCumberland Valley Rail Trail (CVRT) is a National Recreation Trail rail trail that follows the former Cumberland Valley Railroad rail corridor for 9.5 miles, from Shippensburg to Newville, through the farmlands of western Cumberland County in south-central Pennsylvania. Historical significance The Cumberland Valley Railroad (CV) began service in the Cumberland Valley on the current CVRT corridor in 1837. In 1838 CV became the first railroad in the U.S. to offer overnight sleeping cars. Twenty years later, John Brown and his abolitionist compatriots traveled to Harpers Ferry on CV", "id": "19478189" }, { "contents": "Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail\n\n\nGainesville-Hawthorne State Trail is a rail trail in Florida. It is protected as a long Florida State Park and runs from the City of Gainesville's Boulware Springs Water Works to the town of Hawthorne. It passes through the Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park and the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area along a former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad line. The property was purchased by the state of Florida from CSX Transportation with money from the \"trails from rails\" program in late 1989. Activities include hiking, running, cycling, rollerblading, and", "id": "19673293" }, { "contents": "Summerset Trail\n\n\nThe Summerset Trail is a rail trail in Warren County in south-central Iowa in the United States. The trail is long and is paved with asphalt. It follows the route of an abandoned rail line between the cities of Carlisle at its northeastern end and Indianola at the southwest. The trail passes remnants of prairie, wetlands along the Middle River southwest of Carlisle, and woodlands north of Indianola. Trailheads are at Carlisle and Indianola, and at the trail's midpoint at Banner Lakes at Summerset State Park. The Carlisle trailhead", "id": "2470854" }, { "contents": "Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway\n\n\nwestern Washington lines remained in fairly heavy use until 1963. By 1970, most of the line was acquired by Burlington Northern Railway which filed to abandon the lines a year later in 1971. Seven years later, in 1978, the between Gas Works Park in Seattle and Tracy Owen Station in Kenmore was reopened as the Burke-Gilman Trail bike path and recreational rail trail, named after the leaders of the group that founded the railroad, Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman. The bike path and rail trail has been extended along the", "id": "17373452" }, { "contents": "Spokane River Centennial Trail\n\n\nThe Spokane River Centennial Trail is a paved trail in Eastern Washington for alternate transportation and recreational use. It is managed by Washington State Parks as the Spokane River Centennial State Park Trail. The trail extends from Sontag Park in Nine Mile Falls, Washington to the Washington/Idaho border. It passes through the cities of Spokane, Washington, Spokane Valley, Washington, Liberty Lake, Washington and the unincorporated community of Spokane Bridge, before crossing under the Interstate 90 Spokane River Bridge—traveling through Kootenai County, Idaho for approximately —", "id": "4618637" }, { "contents": "Wallkill Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Wallkill Valley Rail Trail is a rail trail and linear park that runs along the former Wallkill Valley Railroad rail corridor in Ulster County, New York. It stretches from Gardiner through New Paltz, Rosendale, and Ulster to the Kingston city line. The trail is separated from the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail by two state prisons in Shawangunk, though there have been plans to bypass these facilities, and to connect the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail with other regional rail trails. The northern section of the trail forms part of the proposed", "id": "12405545" }, { "contents": "Folsom Lake State Recreation Area\n\n\nmonths when school is still in session, evenings and weekends are the times of highest lake activity. There are 95 miles of trail at Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. These trails are used by hiker, bicyclists, runners, and horseback riders. A portion of the Western States/ Pioneer Express Trail between Sacramento and Carson City, Nevada also runs through the park. A paved bicycle trail loops around Lake Natoma, linking to Beals Point and the American River Bike Trail. Native Americans of the Maidu or Nisenan tribe inhabited the land", "id": "20827159" }, { "contents": "Zim Smith Trail\n\n\nThe Zim Smith Trail is the main multi-use trail of a network of trails in Saratoga County, New York. Extending nine miles, it connects the towns of Halfmoon, Clifton Park, Round Lake Village, Malta and Ballston Spa. It is the only trail in New York state to be designated a national recreation trail by the U.S. Department of Interior and National Park Service. The trail starts at Oak Street in Ballston Spa and runs through Malta's Shenantaha Creek Park. From there the trail passes under Interstate 87,", "id": "12911745" }, { "contents": "Old Erie Path\n\n\nThe Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking. The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad", "id": "21704717" }, { "contents": "Goodhue Pioneer State Trail\n\n\nThe Goodhue Pioneer State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in southeastern Minnesota, USA. The of trail currently exist in two segments, separated by a gap. The northern segment is a paved trail running from Red Wing, Minnesota, to the Hay Creek section of the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest near Hay Creek Township. The southern section is a natural-surface trail running northward from the Zumbrota Covered Bridge Park in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The trail corridor follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway segment that", "id": "13493095" }, { "contents": "Hank Aaron State Trail\n\n\nThe Hank Aaron State Trail is a 14-mile rail trail in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The trail is named for former Milwaukee Braves and Milwaukee Brewers right fielder Hank Aaron, and was built on a former roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. The trail begins on the shore of Lake Michigan in Lakeshore State Park (). The trail travels west through Milwaukee, passing by the Harley-Davidson Museum, Potawatomi Hotel & Casino, Miller Park, and the Wisconsin State Fair Park. The trail ends", "id": "9082958" }, { "contents": "Clive Greenbelt Trail\n\n\nClive Greenbelt Trail is an urban recreational trail in Clive, Iowa and forms part of the Central Iowa Trails network. This very busy recreational trail runs through Polk and Dallas Counties in Iowa. It is a curvy, paved asphalt and concrete trail. The trail begins at 73rd Street and Walnut Creek at the Walmart in Windsor Heights. It meanders along the north bank of Walnut Creek for to Country Club Blvd. Between the Lake Country Club dam and 142nd Street, the trail is on the street near the northshore of Lake Country", "id": "5561819" }, { "contents": "Fort Fraser Trail\n\n\nThe Fort Fraser Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Bartow to Lakeland. It runs along a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that once ran from Lakeland to Naples. The Southern terminus of the trail can be accessed from North Wilson Avenue in Bartow, immediately North of Tractor Supply Company. The Northern terminus is at the entrance to the Polk State College (Lakeland) campus in Lakeland. A paved extension of the trail runs to the Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland, a park run by Polk County", "id": "9622262" }, { "contents": "High Trestle Trail\n\n\nHigh Trestle Trail is a rail trail running from Ankeny to Woodward in central Iowa. The recreation trail opened on April 30, 2011. It is a paved recreational trail that runs through the Polk, Story, Boone, and Dallas counties. The trail's name is derived from a former 1913 bridge that spanned the Des Moines River between the towns of Madrid and Woodward. Conservation board directors and the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation estimate that more than 3,000 people use this trail each week. The trail is a major component of a", "id": "10959275" }, { "contents": "Cannon Valley Trail\n\n\nThe Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing. Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW", "id": "19411630" }, { "contents": "Dutchess Rail Trail\n\n\nwas double tracked, allowing for a simultaneous paved and packed dirt trail. In January 2012, a 1-mile stretch of property was purchased from CSX Transportation. An effort was made to develop this stretch of property in 2013, resulting in connections with Walkway Over the Hudson and the Hudson Valley Rail Trail. The railroad line was built in 1892 by the Central New England Railway; it was severed by a fire on the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974. Dutchess County originally purchased the Maybrook Line to build a limited access highway to Interstate 84", "id": "1685096" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Central Lakes State Trail is a paved recreational rail trail in central Minnesota, USA, running along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail is marked with mileposts every mile, corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad line. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The trail begins in Osakis at the western end of the Lake Wobegon Trail and runs parallel to Interstate 94 before ending in Fergus Falls. This trail passes through the towns of Nelson, Alexandria, Garfield, Brandon,", "id": "8504440" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The main trail is a trail along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line, beginning near milepost 81 in St. Joseph and ending near milepost 130 in Osakis. This trail runs parallel to I-94. The trail", "id": "7951626" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\npasses through the cities of Avon, Albany, Freeport, Melrose, Sauk Centre, and West Union. Beyond Osakis, the trail continues as the Central Lakes Trail. These two trails form a continuous trail from St. Joseph to Fergus Falls. The extension trail intersects near milepost 97 of the main trail in Albany. The extension trail is a trail along a former Soo Line Railroad line, beginning near milepost 131 in Albany passing through Albany, Krain and Holding Townships and ending northeast of Holdingford at approx. milepost 143.5, passing", "id": "7951627" }, { "contents": "Heartland State Trail\n\n\nThe Heartland State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, USA. It runs between Park Rapids and Cass Lake, intersecting with the Paul Bunyan State Trail around Walker. The entire route is paved, with a parallel grass trackway along the southern half for horseback riding and mountain biking. The northern half of the trail has some parallel trackway for snowmobiles. A segment north of Walker traverses very hilly terrain to appeal to snowmobilers; other users can follow a marked alternate route on paved road shoulders", "id": "18296395" }, { "contents": "Glacial Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Glacial Lakes State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in south-central Minnesota, USA. Developed from a former Burlington Northern Railroad grade, it traverses a landscape of lakes and gently rolling hills formed 10,000 years ago during the last glacial period. The trail currently extends from outside Willmar through the communities of Spicer, New London, and Hawick to the North Fork Crow River. Beyond that the undeveloped railbed is open for some recreational uses for another through the city of Richmond, but some of the original railroad", "id": "17680490" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run\n\n\nFour Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved non-motorized transport and recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail. In Arlington, the stream passes from the Piedmont through the Fall Line to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in a deep forested valley. The stream's eastern section", "id": "19376418" }, { "contents": "Agassiz Recreational Trail\n\n\nAgassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, USA, between Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the naturally surfaced trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The Agassiz Recreational Trail was converted from an abandoned rail bed running parallel to state highways 32 and 102. It passes through the following towns (in", "id": "14209427" }, { "contents": "Erie Lackawanna Trail\n\n\nErie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail in located in Lake County, Indiana which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of . The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in", "id": "21971553" }, { "contents": "Paul Bunyan State Trail\n\n\nThe Paul Bunyan State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, United States, running between the cities of Brainerd and Bemidji. Named after the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan of American folklore, the trail is the longest continuously paved trail in the United States. The route was part of the Burlington Northern Railroad lines abandoned in 1983. The trail currently covers a distance of . The southern extension, completed in 2012, moved the southern terminus to Crow Wing State Park. The route through Bemidji currently", "id": "15010231" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon is a 26.2 mile foot race from Holdingford, Minnesota, to St. Joseph, Minnesota, on a paved trail called the Lake Wobegon Trail. The course is USATF-certified, making it a qualifying race for the Boston Marathon. The race is sponsored and organized by the St. Cloud River Runners, a running group active since 1983 with about 150 members. The flat, straight course is run on a blacktop trail converted from freight rail lines. After starting at the high school in Holdingford, the", "id": "8840283" }, { "contents": "Yelm–Tenino Trail\n\n\nThe Yelm–Tenino Trail is a rail trail located in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The long cycling and walking trail has been constructed along the route of a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail runs parallel to State Route 507 and intersects with the Chehalis Western Trail. Trailheads are located at the trail termini in the towns of Yelm and Tenino as well as in the town of Rainier. The trail is used by bicyclists participating in the annual Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic as they ride from Yelm to Tenino", "id": "3903345" }, { "contents": "Northern Rail Trail (New Hampshire)\n\n\nThe Northern Recreational Rail Trail, also known as the Northern Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail trail in western New Hampshire, USA, running from Lebanon to Boscawen. It uses the right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad's former Northern Line, which was acquired by the State of New Hampshire in 1996. The trail is managed by the New Hampshire Bureau of Trails. The Northern Railroad built this line from Concord to White River Junction, Vermont, in 1847. The Boston-based investors", "id": "10109519" }, { "contents": "Little Valley, New York\n\n\nand Ellicottville. County Routes 5 and 14 start in the northwest corner of the town and head toward New Albion and East Otto, respectively. The Pat McGee Trail, a hiking and snowmobile rail trail that follows the path of the now-removed railroad, runs through the town parallel to Route 353. The Conservation Trail, a subset of the Finger Lakes Trail (itself a subset of the North Country Trail), passes through the town connecting the state forests therein; the two trails share a roughly one-mile wrong", "id": "16894285" }, { "contents": "Taconite State Trail\n\n\nThe Taconite State Trail extends 165 miles from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota and intersects the Arrowhead State Trail west of Lake Vermilion. On the Grand Rapids end, the trail is paved for the first 6 miles for in-line skating and biking. The rest of the trail is natural surface used primarily in the winter months for snowmobiling. In the summer, several areas contain standing water, but some areas are suitable for horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking Taconite State Trail is a scenic experience twisting through", "id": "11590151" }, { "contents": "Ashuwillticook Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Ashuwillticook Rail Trail is a former railroad corridor converted into a paved, universally accessible, scenic rail trail path. The Ashuwillticook (ash-oo-will-ti-cook) Rail Trail runs parallel to Route 8 through the towns of Cheshire, Lanesborough and Adams, Massachusetts and is used for biking, walking, roller-blading, and jogging. The trail is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Its first two phases opened in 2001 and 2004, with a 1.2-mile northerly extension opening", "id": "6836871" }, { "contents": "Onondaga Lake Park\n\n\nuses (strollers, children's bicycles with training wheels, tricycles and wheel chair users) are also permitted on this trail which is not plowed in the winter. The West Shore Trail is long from where it connects to the East Shore Recreation Trail at its most western end to its most eastern end off Exit 7 of Interstate 690. Located along the western shore of Onondaga Lake, this paved trail meanders through over 4.5 miles (ca. 7 km) of woodlands and open areas. It is used by bicyclists, walkers", "id": "8426451" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nMinnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve.", "id": "19412293" }, { "contents": "Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail (TCB), the official name of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR) Trail, is a rail trail that runs along an abandoned railroad corridor where the Northern Central Railway once operated. The trail extends 20 miles from Ashland Road in Cockeysville, Maryland to the boundary with Pennsylvania. At the Pennsylvania line, the Torrey C. Brown Trail becomes the York County Heritage Rail Trail (part of BicyclePA Route J) and continues to the city of York. The trail is wide with a stone dust", "id": "1111662" }, { "contents": "Central Massachusetts Railroad\n\n\ntowns along the former Wheelwright Branch exhibited similar enthusiasm for recreational trails along the property. In March 1985 with support from the local governments and regional planning agency the state purchased 10 miles of the line between the west end of the Connecticut River Bridge in Northampton and Amherst with the intent to convert it into a rail trail. Work began in 1992 and on July 29, 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management officially opened the Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail. By 1997 the trail extended as far as Belchertown where progress halted due to a", "id": "17724305" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nHeading east, all distances on the trail are measured from the Killarney Station which is the Mile zero marker. There is a mile marker every to mark your location at the trail, useful during emergencies. The trail runs east towards downtown Oakland over the former Orange Belt Railway where it crosses the Florida Turnpike on a converted railroad bridge. The path passes through the Oakland Nature Preserve on the way through downtown Oakland (Mile 2) where there is an outpost. From Oakland to Winter Garden, the Orange Belt Railway and the", "id": "20145820" }, { "contents": "Panhandle Pathway\n\n\nThe Panhandle Pathway is a rail to trail conversion in north central Indiana, United States. It is currently about 21 miles long and runs along the former Pennsylvania Railroad Panhandle line. At the north, the trail begins in the town of Winamac, Indiana, and closely parallels U.S. Highway 35 toward its south terminus in Kenneth, west of Logansport, Indiana. As of August 2015, the trail is accessible from parking areas in Winamac, Star City, and Royal Center. The pathway has a trailhead near its south terminus at", "id": "11518683" }, { "contents": "Columbia Plateau Trail\n\n\nconstructed by the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway Company in the early 1900s. That line's successor, the Burlington Northern Company, abandoned the line in 1987, paving the way for the state to acquire 130 miles of right-of-way, from milepost 235.0 near East Pasco to milepost 365.0 near South Cheney, in 1991. State Park management began in 1992. Standing remnants of the trail's railroad past include the historic Burr Canyon trestle built in 1908. The northern portion of the trail passes through a habitat", "id": "1634738" }, { "contents": "Bugline Trail\n\n\nThe Bugline Recreation Trail is a paved 16-mile trail located on the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and Pacific Railroad right-of-way in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. The trail stretches between Appleton Ave (Wisconsin Highway 175) in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States to just east of North Lake in the Town of Merton. A separate 4-foot-wide bridle trail adjacent to the original 8-foot-wide recreation trail extends 2.5 miles from The Ranch in Menomonee Falls to Menomonee Park where it joins the Park bridle trails", "id": "14315703" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nthrough Holdingford. This bicycle trail continues beyond milepost 143.5 as the Soo Line Trail, crossing the Mississippi River at the Blanchard Dam, changing from asphalt to gravel at U.S. 10 south of Little Falls, and extending to Onamia. The Soo Line Trail traverses Morrison County and Mille Lacs County. The extension is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota, located near Holdingford. The Saintly Seven is a completed 7 mile extension to bring the trail from St. Joseph all the way into Waite Park and Saint Cloud. The extension allows", "id": "7951628" }, { "contents": "Harlem Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Harlem Valley Rail Trail is a paved rail trail on an abandoned portion of the New York and Harlem Railroad, north of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Line terminus in Wassaic. It is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). It is maintained through an agreement between OPRHP, Dutchess County and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association. The former New York and Harlem main line was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1864, and became part of Penn Central Railroad", "id": "13113184" }, { "contents": "Mesabi Trail\n\n\nThe Mesabi Trail is a 132-mile paved bicycle trail running from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota. As of 2016, the trail is still under construction with approximately 25 miles of trail incomplete. The trail goes through the many small towns along it, such as Marble, Keewatin, Hibbing, Mountain Iron, Virginia, and Gilbert. Much of the trail runs along abandoned railroad grade. Since 2005, the Mesabi Trail has hosted a long bike ride every year in mid-August. Each stop (usually at a", "id": "3828941" }, { "contents": "Hayward, Wisconsin\n\n\nlocated, has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along existing county forest logging roads is permitted. There are 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails for winter use and 80.8 miles designated for summer use. State owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest", "id": "17383849" }, { "contents": "Great Western Trail (Iowa)\n\n\nThe Great Western Trail is a rail trail in the Des Moines metropolitan area south-central Iowa, United States. The trails is long and paved with asphalt. The trail follows the route of an abandoned line of the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, constructed in 1899 and last operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It runs between southwestern Des Moines at its north end and Martensdale at the south, passing through suburban areas, Willow Creek Golf Course, fields and farmland, and the wooded valley of", "id": "2371209" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail, Nova Scotia\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Beechville to Fairview. The trail is named for the Chain Lakes along which the trail runs. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg. They are part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route, a planned 3,000 kilometer cycling trail system. The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South", "id": "12562229" }, { "contents": "York County Heritage Rail Trail\n\n\nHeritage Rail Trail County Park is a National Recreation Trail rail-with-trail in Pennsylvania built in 1999 by the York County Rail Trail Authority (YCRTA). It connects with the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Maryland. The trail runs along the active Northern Central Railway line and forms the southernmost part of Route J in the BicyclePA route system. The York County Heritage Rail Trail is located along railroad tracks built during the nineteenth century as part of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR). The NCR was an important link", "id": "16256720" }, { "contents": "Sammamish River Trail\n\n\nThe Sammamish River Trail is a bike path and recreational trail in King County, Washington that runs along the Sammamish River from Blythe Park in Bothell to Marymoor Park in Redmond. It connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail at its north western end, and to the Redmond Central Connector at its south eastern end. The trail is paved for bicycle, inline-skate and pedestrian use and is paralleled for most of its length by an unpaved equestrian trail. It passes near the Chateau Ste. Michelle, Columbia and Silver Lake wineries", "id": "6886606" }, { "contents": "Snohomish County Centennial Trail\n\n\nintersection with Washington State Route 531 before the roadway continues north into Downtown Arlington after an underpass with Washington State Route 9. The route continues through Downtown Arlington along West Avenue before a former railroad trestle carries the trail across the Stillaguamish River and towards Bryant along Washington State Route 9. The Centennial Trail passes its final trailhead, the Nakashima Heritage Barn & Centennial Trail North, before ending at the Skagit County line south of Lake McMurray. The Centennial Trail runs on the right-of-way of the Sumas Branch of the former", "id": "1137624" }, { "contents": "Cape Haze Pioneer Trail\n\n\nThe Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway. The trail begins at the intersection of State Road 776 and Pinedale Drive in western Port Charlotte. It runs south along Pinedale Drive briefly before shifting east on to the former railroad corridor. It then proceeds south along the railroad corridor, passing near Rotonda West and crossing over Coral", "id": "14271713" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The Southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue E Northwest near the bus terminal and city hall. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida", "id": "9881595" }, { "contents": "Mill Towns Trail\n\n\nThe Mill Towns State Trail is a multi-use trail in development along the Cannon River. Currently a rail trail linking Northfield and Dundas, the trail is planned to extend southward to Faribault and eastward to Cannon Falls. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The", "id": "16299313" }, { "contents": "Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail is a paved 3.8 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the Blauvelt Free Library on Western Highway in the hamlet of Blauvelt, and ends at the intersection of Oak Tree Road in the hamlet of Tappan. The trail intersects the Old Erie Path at Depot Square in Sparkill. The trail follows the right-of-ways of two former railroads. From the southern trailhead in Tappan to Sparkill, it follows the Northern Branch", "id": "21704786" }, { "contents": "Bruce Vento Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Bruce Vento Regional Trail is a rail trail in the cities of Vadnais Heights, Gem Lake, Maplewood, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. The trail occupies an abandoned Burlington Northern Railroad corridor and intersects with the Gateway State Trail in Maplewood and continues to just east of Lake Phalen in Saint Paul. South of the lake, it continues along Phalen Boulevard and through Swede Hollow to its terminus near Seventh Street. Another spur off of Phalen Boulevard continues west, going over a long bridge that crosses very active railroad tracks", "id": "15151449" }, { "contents": "Terrace Mountain Trail\n\n\nPark (mile ); primitive camping is permitted in designated locations along the trail. The trail is marked with blue blazes and mileposts. Beginning at the south end of the lake near Weaver Falls, the first of the trail follows the old Tressler logging road onto the wooded slopes of Terrace Mountain. During a steep climb, you can stop for water at Putt's Boy Scout Camp (mile ). The trail continues through mature hardwood forest dominated by hickory, oak, and maple, with spectacular spring wildflowers. At mile", "id": "8808985" }, { "contents": "Paint Creek Trail\n\n\n1983 as the first rail trail in Michigan. The trail is in the right-of-way of the former Michigan Central Railroad and Penn Central Railroad lines. The original rail line was completed in 1872, and was in service until Penn Central's railroad operations were taken over by Conrail in 1976. The right-of-way was purchased by the Paint Creek Trail Commission in 1983 for $450,000. The trail will plan to start at Lake Orion, then stops at South Lake Orion, Goodison Orion Road, Goodison", "id": "11361335" }, { "contents": "Conewago Recreation Trail\n\n\nThe Conewago Recreation Trail is a public recreational rail trail that follows the once Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad rail corridor for a total of slightly over 5.0 miles. The trail stretches from Elizabethtown, PA to the Lebanon County Line, PA, at which point it links up to the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail which continues for another 15.0 miles. The Conewago Recreation Trail runs adjacent to the Conewago Creek running through quiet farmland and forested areas. Trail goers can enjoy walking, jogging, bicycling, horseback riding and other non-motorized recreational uses", "id": "3407872" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon\n\n\nrefers to a cafe in downtown Lake Wobegon called the \"Chatterbox Cafe\". There is a real cafe and gas station in Olivia by the same name. Olivia is in north-central Renville County. The Minnesota Rails and Trails project began creating the Lake Wobegon Trail in 1998. It now stretches from Waite Park, Minnesota just west of St. Cloud, to Freeport, Minnesota, where it forks; one trail heads northwest to Osakis, Minnesota, the other northeast to Holdingford, Minnesota and Bowlus, Minnesota, and on", "id": "12575406" }, { "contents": "Lake Bemidji State Park\n\n\ntrail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike. The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails. In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system", "id": "11692170" }, { "contents": "North Central State Trail\n\n\nThe North Central State Trail is a 62-mile (100 km) recreational rail trail serving a section of the northern quarter of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Following a route generally parallel to Interstate 75, the trail goes northward from the Michigan town of Gaylord to the top of the Lower Peninsula at Mackinaw City and connects to the North Western State Trail. It serves the towns of Vanderbilt, Indian River, and Cheboygan which connects to the Northeastern State Trail. The North Central State Trail occupies what was once", "id": "17921256" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nA short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along the former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail", "id": "19412295" }, { "contents": "Spruce Railroad Trail\n\n\nThe Spruce Railroad Trail (sometimes called Lake Crescent Trail) is a rail trail located on the shores of Lake Crescent about west of Port Angeles, Washington, and is part of the 134-mile-long Olympic Discovery Trail. The trail follows the former Port Angeles Western Railroad grade along the shores of Lake Crescent. Built during World War I for the Spruce Production Division to transport spruce from the western Olympic Peninsula for the aircraft industry, it was completed in 1919, a year too late for its intended purpose. The trail is", "id": "7465546" }, { "contents": "OC&E Woods Line State Trail\n\n\nThe OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir. Along its length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly. The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately . Beyond Olene, the trail surface is", "id": "11038009" }, { "contents": "Glacial Drumlin State Trail\n\n\nin the Southern Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Lake Kegonsa State Park, the Capital Springs State Recreation Area and at the Sandhill Station State Campground Snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowshoe hiking are permitted on the trail during the winter months. Snowmobiles are only permitted on the 39-mile limestone section of the trail but not on the paved asphalt section between Waukesha and Dousman. Snowmobiles must follow all Wisconsin snowmobile laws on this trail. Skiers and snowshoe hikers must share the trail with snowmobilers. Skiers and snowshoe hikers do", "id": "21208171" }, { "contents": "Hancock, Michigan\n\n\npartly in the city. The Jack Stevens Rail Trail runs through the city of Hancock and continues on 14 miles north to Calumet on a now-abandoned Soo Line Railroad grade. The Keweenaw Trail or Trail 3 is the main snowmobiling route to and from Houghton and Hancock, it connects to other nearby trails including the North and South Freda Trails which lead toward Lake Superior, and the Stevens Trail which goes to Calumet. Elementary-school students attend the Gordon Barkell Elementary School (formerly Hancock Elementary School), middle school students", "id": "17903027" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nThe West Orange Trail is a long multi-use rail trail owned by Orange County Parks and Recreation in Orange County, Florida, in the United States. The paved trail passes through downtown Oakland, Winter Garden, and Apopka with most of its length built on old railroad alignments. To the west of the West Orange Trail is the South Lake-Lake Minneola Scenic Trail in Lake County which was connected to the trail in 2007. There are four main stations on the West Orange Trail, each providing parking, restroom facilities", "id": "20145818" }, { "contents": "Meadowlands, Minnesota\n\n\n-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles. Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range. According to the United States Census", "id": "3264262" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nThe Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the", "id": "19539432" }, { "contents": "Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park\n\n\nThe Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States. The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is long, and averages wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from to , and total acreage", "id": "5023514" }, { "contents": "Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway)\n\n\nThe Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway) is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The", "id": "3548791" }, { "contents": "Badger State Trail\n\n\nThe Badger State Trail is a rail trail in south central Wisconsin. The trail leads from the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Madison passing through, from south to north, Monroe, Monticello, Belleville and Fitchburg. Near Monticello, the trail passes through the long, unlit Stewart Tunnel constructed in 1887. The trail was officially opened July 8, 2007. The main route of the trail follows a former rail line that was originally built by the Chicago, Madison and Northern Railroad and opened in 1887, with the first official", "id": "14059319" }, { "contents": "Rail trail\n\n\nwas developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. In Quebec, Le P'tit Train du Nord runs from Saint-Jérôme to Mont-Laurier. In Toronto, there are two rail trails, the Beltline Trail and the West Toronto Railpath. In central Ontario, the former Victoria Railway line, which runs from the town of Lindsay, Ontario, north to the village of Haliburton, in", "id": "12830745" }, { "contents": "Cheshire, Massachusetts\n\n\nserved by the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad. Most of the line was converted into the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail , an -long, , universally accessible, paved path connecting the Berkshire towns of Lanesborough, Cheshire, and Adams. The trail runs parallel to Route 8 and passes through woods and marshlands, and alongside a lake and a river, with wooded hills and Mount Greylock as a backdrop. The path and has become a popular resource for biking, walking, roller-blading, jogging, etc. The trail passes through the", "id": "21975354" }, { "contents": "Greene River Trail\n\n\nThe Greene River Trail is a non-motorized rail trail 60 miles south of Pittsburgh in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Greene River Trail runs along the banks of the Monongahela River as it winds through the former coal mining region of Greene County. The 5.2-mile trail begins in Millsboro at the Greene Cove Yacht Club, where the trail follows Ten Mile Creek for a quarter mile before turning upstream along the left (west) bank of the Monongahela River. The trail passes through Rices Landing and ends in Crucible. Plans call for the", "id": "14813403" }, { "contents": "Van Buren Trail State Park\n\n\nVan Buren Trail State Park, also known as Trail State Park, is an unimproved rail trail running along a former railroad right-of-way between Hartford, Michigan to South Haven, Michigan in Van Buren County. It is long and mostly used by horse trail riders in the summer and snowmobilers in the winter. Terrain is flat with farmland and trees. In 2004, Van Buren County took over operation of the state-owned trail after state budget problems. There is a trail pass system to pay for maintenance.", "id": "6257199" }, { "contents": "Banks–Vernonia State Trail\n\n\nThe Banks–Vernonia State Trail is a paved rail trail and state park in northwest Oregon in the United States. It runs for , primarily north–south, between the towns of Vernonia in Columbia County and Banks in Washington County on an abandoned railroad bed. Banks is about west of Portland. The wide trail is open to non-motorized uses such as hiking and biking. A wide horse trail parallels the hiking and biking trail. The rail trail crosses 12 bridges and the Buxton Trestle, a former railroad trestle bridge", "id": "6147760" }, { "contents": "Florida State Road 589\n\n\npart of the Suncoast Parkway project, a multi-use paved recreational trail called the Suncoast Trail was constructed parallel to the western side of the highway, and opened along with the Parkway itself in 2001. The trail begins at Lutz-Lake Fern Road (Exit 16), and continues north for 41 miles to the highway's terminus at US 98. Four miles north of State Road 54, an additional 6.5-mile paved bicycle trail connects the Suncoast Trail to the J. B. Starkey Wilderness Park in New Port Richey. Use of", "id": "12401397" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nSakatah Singing Hills State Trail is a paved multi-use rail trail connecting Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, US. It is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which converted it from a railroad line. The name derives from the Dakota people who lived in the region; \"Sakatah\" translates into \"singing hills\". It began as a snowmobile trail and is now shared by hikers, joggers and cross-country skiers. There are sections of parallel dirt trail for horseback riders but they are not continuous.", "id": "6829781" }, { "contents": "Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail that connects with the John Wayne Pioneer Trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road's Everett Branch (Cedar Falls-Everett, later shortened to Monroe, WA). The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall. The trail parallels the Cedar Falls Road before it heads east passing Rainbow Lake and down through the Boxley Creek drainage where a trestle bridge crosses a tributary of", "id": "18545106" }, { "contents": "Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail\n\n\npreserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007. Construction of a multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome. The eastern end of the pavement is Holloway RD in the Etoniah Creek State Forest. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)", "id": "7679575" }, { "contents": "Chippewa River State Trail\n\n\nChippewa River State Trail is a 26-mile urban-rural rail trail in western Wisconsin that follows the path of the Chippewa River. The trails runs from the spot of the confluence of the Chippewa with the Eau Claire River, at Phoenix Park in downtown Eau Claire to the town of Durand where it meets up with the Red Cedar State Trail. A former railroad corridor, the trail passes through a variety of habitat including wetlands, prairies, and sandstone bluff. The Chippewa River State Trail will eventually be part of the greater Chippewa", "id": "19531697" }, { "contents": "Thornapple Trail\n\n\nThe Thornapple Trail is the abbreviated name for the a partially completed Paul Henry-Thornapple Trail (rail trail) in west Michigan. The Middleville portion is being connected to the Kent County section which will eventually link to Kent Trails. When complete, the Paul Henry - Thornapple Trail will be a 42-mile multi-use recreation trail running from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Vermontville, Michigan. The trail was originally the Grand River Valley Railroad, constructed in 1868-69. Service on the line ended in 1983, after the state", "id": "8835070" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nWashington Parkway, the Army Corps of Engineers built an extension of the Four Mile Run Trail beneath them that connected the trail to the Mount Vernon Trail. Later that spring, more new sections of the trail opened, connecting it to the Washington & Old Dominion Trail. In 2009, a trail extension was completed near Shirlington that not only linked the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe", "id": "19539435" }, { "contents": "Oswego Recreational Trail\n\n\nThe Oswego County Recreation Trail is a multi-use rail trail in New York. The Oswego Recreational Trail actually comprises two trails which are separated by an on-road section. It follows the route of the former New York, Ontario and Western Railway, abandoned in 1957. The east portion runs from the city of Fulton's Maple Avenue to the village of Central Square, just short of Interstate 81. I-81 was built following the NYO&W abandonment and no provision was made to preserve the railroad right-of-way by", "id": "8745258" }, { "contents": "Van Cortlandt Park\n\n\nPutnam Trail (, easy), an unpaved trail, runs north through the woods to the east of this lawn and west of Van Cortlandt Lake, through the golf course and along Tibbetts Brook and the former New York and Putnam Railroad line into Yonkers, where it connects to Westchester County's paved South County Trailway. The rails themselves are overrun with weeds, but they are no longer usable by trains. The remains of the former Van Cortlandt Park station can be seen along the trail. As part of the park's", "id": "16188090" }, { "contents": "Orange Heritage Trailway\n\n\nThe Orange Heritage Trailway is a 14.5 mile rail trail in Orange County, New York, that runs along the roadbed of the Erie Railroad Main Line from Harriman to a point halfway between Goshen and Middletown, New York. The former Erie Railroad main line turns northwest at a junction and tracks terminate at the site of the now removed and demolished Nepera Chemical plant in the village of Harriman. The undeveloped roadbed continues approximately two miles through Harriman and Monroe. The paved trail begins in Harriman NY, although no trailhead exists in Harriman", "id": "14271335" }, { "contents": "Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)\n\n\nThe Rock Island Trail State Park is a long public rail trail in the west-central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2003. It passes through portions of Peoria and Stark counties. The southern end of the trail is currently located at Pioneer Parkway in north Peoria, Illinois, and the northern end is in Toulon, Illinois, the county seat of Stark County. The right-of-way served as a railroad line from 1871 to 1963, was unused in 1963", "id": "20557951" }, { "contents": "Prairie Spirit Trail State Park\n\n\nPrairie Spirit Trail State Park is a rail trail that is a Kansas State Park. The trail is built on the former right of way of the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad from Ottawa, Kansas, to Iola, Kansas. The trail runs 50 miles from its northern terminus at Ottawa, Kansas to its southern terminus at Iola, Kansas. The trail is open for use by hikers, joggers, and bicyclists year-round, from sunrise to sunset. This trail is paved with a hard-packed limestone screening outside", "id": "6599442" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nThe landscape is mostly cultivated land with remnant stands of prairie and Big Woods. The trail passes through Sakatah Lake State Park and runs through city streets in Waterville. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The route from Red Wing to Waterville was completed in 1882,", "id": "6829782" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nIt is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park.", "id": "19412294" }, { "contents": "Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes\n\n\nThe Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes is a rail trail in the northwest United States, in northern Idaho. It follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way from Mullan, a mountain mining town near the Montana border, westward to Plummer, a town on the prairie near the Washington Generally following the Coeur d'Alene River, the rail line was abandoned in 1991 and the trail officially opened in March 2004. The trail's route winds through the mountainous terrain of historic Silver Valley, into the chain lakes region, along", "id": "10102968" }, { "contents": "Northern Strand Community Trail\n\n\nprimarily runs along the Saugus Branch Railroad, a former branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The trail's right of way is leased from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for 99 years by the respective cities the trail passes through, except in Lynn; if Lynn approves the trail in their borders, they will likely sign a similar lease. Like many nearby rail-trails, these leases include a reversion clause should the right of way be deemed more useful for other transportation uses. The trail features a growing number of", "id": "19115050" }, { "contents": "Arrowhead State Trail\n\n\nThe Arrowhead State Trail is a recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota, USA, geared primarily for winter snowmobile use. It runs from an intersection with the Taconite State Trail west of Tower to an intersection with the Blue Ox Trail south of International Falls. In summer about are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, while the northern section is blocked by areas of wetness and standing water. The Arrowhead State Trail was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1974–75. It is managed by the Minnesota Department", "id": "15732221" }, { "contents": "Krushchev in Iowa Trail\n\n\nKrushchev in Iowa Trail is a planned rail trail running from Herndon, Iowa, to Coon Rapids, Iowa. It is a planned part of the American Discovery Trail. Originally known as the Corn Diplomacy Trail, the Krushchev in Iowa Trail is to be a paved recreational trail that runs through the counties of Guthrie and Carroll along an abandoned Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line. Planned trailheads A connection is planned at Herndon to the Raccoon River Valley Trail in Guthrie county. A connection is planned to Carroll, which is a terminus", "id": "4569009" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nwestern Loudoun County. Its route largely parallels the routes of the Potomac River and Virginia State Route 7 (VA Route 7). The trail connects at its origin to the paved Four Mile Run Trail, which travels eastward through Arlington along a stream embankment to meet the Mount Vernon Trail at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, near the Potomac River. The start of the trail is also accessible from the Shirlington exit (Exit 6) of Interstate 395 (I-395) (the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway). The trail parallels", "id": "21736689" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nat the trail's lowest elevation: above sea level. The trail climbs in while traveling northwest through Arlington County. While in Arlington, the trail ascends through the Atlantic Seaboard fall line while climbing upstream in the valley of Four Mile Run. The trail crosses the Run seven times in the valley on bridges whose abutments were constructed before the Civil War by the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, a predecessor of the W&OD Railroad. After crossing Columbia Pike (VA Route 244), the trail enters a steeply-sloped woodland", "id": "21736691" }, { "contents": "Columbia Trail\n\n\nof the Raritan River parallels the trail through the gorge, and is a scenic fast-flowing small river with recreational activities, especially fly fishing. A trestle carries the trail over the river in the gorge. There are few remnants of the former rail line along the trail, except for the occasional rotting railroad cross ties along the trail. There is a small section of track preserved in Califon and a small and rarely open museum dedicated to the rail line history is located in the preserved train station in the town center.", "id": "8728332" }, { "contents": "Monroe, Wisconsin\n\n\nto the city swimming pool; and Honey Creek Park, the site of a skate park. The city is the eastern starting point for the Cheese Country Trail, a 47-mile multi-purpose recreational path, and the Badger State Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian-only trail in summer and an ATV/snowmobile trail in winter. The \"Cheese Trail\" extends from Mineral Point to Monroe, while the Badger State Trail runs from the state line to Madison and connects to the Jane Addams Trail in Illinois. Both are former", "id": "17283013" }, { "contents": "Withlacoochee State Trail\n\n\nWithlacoochee State Trail is a long paved, multi-use, non-motorized rail trail in Florida located in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties. It follows along the Withlacoochee River and passes through the Withlacoochee State Forest. It is the longest paved rail trail in Florida. The original railroad line was formed sometime in the 1880s as the Inverness and Brooksville Railway. It connected with the Florida Northern Railroad in Citrus Springs and with the South Florida Railroad (SFR) in Dade City. In 1892, the Silver Springs, Ocala", "id": "16480832" }, { "contents": "Kal-Haven Trail\n\n\nthe parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped. The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding is allowed on", "id": "5253109" }, { "contents": "St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad\n\n\nfor a time. In 1978, local shippers took over the operation and it became the Lamoille Valley Railroad. In 1989, the line was leased to a Florida company and was operated by them until major flooding in 1995 and 1997 damaged the line so much that it was not profitable to repair the track. In 2002, the state of Vermont started converting the 96 mile route into a recreational trail and created the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. Milepost 0: St. Johnsbury interchange with Maine Central Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway. Milepost", "id": "688110" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nCumberland Valley Rail Trail (CVRT) is a National Recreation Trail rail trail that follows the former Cumberland Valley Railroad rail corridor for 9.5 miles, from Shippensburg to Newville, through the farmlands of western Cumberland County in south-central Pennsylvania. Historical significance The Cumberland Valley Railroad (CV) began service in the Cumberland Valley on the current CVRT corridor in 1837. In 1838 CV became the first railroad in the U.S. to offer overnight sleeping cars. Twenty years later, John Brown and his abolitionist compatriots traveled to Harpers Ferry on CV", "id": "19478189" }, { "contents": "Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail\n\n\nGainesville-Hawthorne State Trail is a rail trail in Florida. It is protected as a long Florida State Park and runs from the City of Gainesville's Boulware Springs Water Works to the town of Hawthorne. It passes through the Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park and the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area along a former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad line. The property was purchased by the state of Florida from CSX Transportation with money from the \"trails from rails\" program in late 1989. Activities include hiking, running, cycling, rollerblading, and", "id": "19673293" }, { "contents": "Summerset Trail\n\n\nThe Summerset Trail is a rail trail in Warren County in south-central Iowa in the United States. The trail is long and is paved with asphalt. It follows the route of an abandoned rail line between the cities of Carlisle at its northeastern end and Indianola at the southwest. The trail passes remnants of prairie, wetlands along the Middle River southwest of Carlisle, and woodlands north of Indianola. Trailheads are at Carlisle and Indianola, and at the trail's midpoint at Banner Lakes at Summerset State Park. The Carlisle trailhead", "id": "2470854" }, { "contents": "Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway\n\n\nwestern Washington lines remained in fairly heavy use until 1963. By 1970, most of the line was acquired by Burlington Northern Railway which filed to abandon the lines a year later in 1971. Seven years later, in 1978, the between Gas Works Park in Seattle and Tracy Owen Station in Kenmore was reopened as the Burke-Gilman Trail bike path and recreational rail trail, named after the leaders of the group that founded the railroad, Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman. The bike path and rail trail has been extended along the", "id": "17373452" }, { "contents": "Spokane River Centennial Trail\n\n\nThe Spokane River Centennial Trail is a paved trail in Eastern Washington for alternate transportation and recreational use. It is managed by Washington State Parks as the Spokane River Centennial State Park Trail. The trail extends from Sontag Park in Nine Mile Falls, Washington to the Washington/Idaho border. It passes through the cities of Spokane, Washington, Spokane Valley, Washington, Liberty Lake, Washington and the unincorporated community of Spokane Bridge, before crossing under the Interstate 90 Spokane River Bridge—traveling through Kootenai County, Idaho for approximately —", "id": "4618637" }, { "contents": "Wallkill Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Wallkill Valley Rail Trail is a rail trail and linear park that runs along the former Wallkill Valley Railroad rail corridor in Ulster County, New York. It stretches from Gardiner through New Paltz, Rosendale, and Ulster to the Kingston city line. The trail is separated from the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail by two state prisons in Shawangunk, though there have been plans to bypass these facilities, and to connect the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail with other regional rail trails. The northern section of the trail forms part of the proposed", "id": "12405545" }, { "contents": "Folsom Lake State Recreation Area\n\n\nmonths when school is still in session, evenings and weekends are the times of highest lake activity. There are 95 miles of trail at Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. These trails are used by hiker, bicyclists, runners, and horseback riders. A portion of the Western States/ Pioneer Express Trail between Sacramento and Carson City, Nevada also runs through the park. A paved bicycle trail loops around Lake Natoma, linking to Beals Point and the American River Bike Trail. Native Americans of the Maidu or Nisenan tribe inhabited the land", "id": "20827159" }, { "contents": "Zim Smith Trail\n\n\nThe Zim Smith Trail is the main multi-use trail of a network of trails in Saratoga County, New York. Extending nine miles, it connects the towns of Halfmoon, Clifton Park, Round Lake Village, Malta and Ballston Spa. It is the only trail in New York state to be designated a national recreation trail by the U.S. Department of Interior and National Park Service. The trail starts at Oak Street in Ballston Spa and runs through Malta's Shenantaha Creek Park. From there the trail passes under Interstate 87,", "id": "12911745" }, { "contents": "Old Erie Path\n\n\nThe Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking. The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad", "id": "21704717" }, { "contents": "Goodhue Pioneer State Trail\n\n\nThe Goodhue Pioneer State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in southeastern Minnesota, USA. The of trail currently exist in two segments, separated by a gap. The northern segment is a paved trail running from Red Wing, Minnesota, to the Hay Creek section of the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest near Hay Creek Township. The southern section is a natural-surface trail running northward from the Zumbrota Covered Bridge Park in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The trail corridor follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway segment that", "id": "13493095" }, { "contents": "Hank Aaron State Trail\n\n\nThe Hank Aaron State Trail is a 14-mile rail trail in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The trail is named for former Milwaukee Braves and Milwaukee Brewers right fielder Hank Aaron, and was built on a former roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. The trail begins on the shore of Lake Michigan in Lakeshore State Park (). The trail travels west through Milwaukee, passing by the Harley-Davidson Museum, Potawatomi Hotel & Casino, Miller Park, and the Wisconsin State Fair Park. The trail ends", "id": "9082958" }, { "contents": "Clive Greenbelt Trail\n\n\nClive Greenbelt Trail is an urban recreational trail in Clive, Iowa and forms part of the Central Iowa Trails network. This very busy recreational trail runs through Polk and Dallas Counties in Iowa. It is a curvy, paved asphalt and concrete trail. The trail begins at 73rd Street and Walnut Creek at the Walmart in Windsor Heights. It meanders along the north bank of Walnut Creek for to Country Club Blvd. Between the Lake Country Club dam and 142nd Street, the trail is on the street near the northshore of Lake Country", "id": "5561819" }, { "contents": "Fort Fraser Trail\n\n\nThe Fort Fraser Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Bartow to Lakeland. It runs along a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that once ran from Lakeland to Naples. The Southern terminus of the trail can be accessed from North Wilson Avenue in Bartow, immediately North of Tractor Supply Company. The Northern terminus is at the entrance to the Polk State College (Lakeland) campus in Lakeland. A paved extension of the trail runs to the Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland, a park run by Polk County", "id": "9622262" }, { "contents": "High Trestle Trail\n\n\nHigh Trestle Trail is a rail trail running from Ankeny to Woodward in central Iowa. The recreation trail opened on April 30, 2011. It is a paved recreational trail that runs through the Polk, Story, Boone, and Dallas counties. The trail's name is derived from a former 1913 bridge that spanned the Des Moines River between the towns of Madrid and Woodward. Conservation board directors and the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation estimate that more than 3,000 people use this trail each week. The trail is a major component of a", "id": "10959275" }, { "contents": "Cannon Valley Trail\n\n\nThe Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing. Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW", "id": "19411630" }, { "contents": "Dutchess Rail Trail\n\n\nwas double tracked, allowing for a simultaneous paved and packed dirt trail. In January 2012, a 1-mile stretch of property was purchased from CSX Transportation. An effort was made to develop this stretch of property in 2013, resulting in connections with Walkway Over the Hudson and the Hudson Valley Rail Trail. The railroad line was built in 1892 by the Central New England Railway; it was severed by a fire on the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974. Dutchess County originally purchased the Maybrook Line to build a limited access highway to Interstate 84", "id": "1685096" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Central Lakes State Trail is a paved recreational rail trail in central Minnesota, USA, running along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail is marked with mileposts every mile, corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad line. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The trail begins in Osakis at the western end of the Lake Wobegon Trail and runs parallel to Interstate 94 before ending in Fergus Falls. This trail passes through the towns of Nelson, Alexandria, Garfield, Brandon,", "id": "8504440" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The main trail is a trail along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line, beginning near milepost 81 in St. Joseph and ending near milepost 130 in Osakis. This trail runs parallel to I-94. The trail", "id": "7951626" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\npasses through the cities of Avon, Albany, Freeport, Melrose, Sauk Centre, and West Union. Beyond Osakis, the trail continues as the Central Lakes Trail. These two trails form a continuous trail from St. Joseph to Fergus Falls. The extension trail intersects near milepost 97 of the main trail in Albany. The extension trail is a trail along a former Soo Line Railroad line, beginning near milepost 131 in Albany passing through Albany, Krain and Holding Townships and ending northeast of Holdingford at approx. milepost 143.5, passing", "id": "7951627" }, { "contents": "Heartland State Trail\n\n\nThe Heartland State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, USA. It runs between Park Rapids and Cass Lake, intersecting with the Paul Bunyan State Trail around Walker. The entire route is paved, with a parallel grass trackway along the southern half for horseback riding and mountain biking. The northern half of the trail has some parallel trackway for snowmobiles. A segment north of Walker traverses very hilly terrain to appeal to snowmobilers; other users can follow a marked alternate route on paved road shoulders", "id": "18296395" }, { "contents": "Glacial Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Glacial Lakes State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in south-central Minnesota, USA. Developed from a former Burlington Northern Railroad grade, it traverses a landscape of lakes and gently rolling hills formed 10,000 years ago during the last glacial period. The trail currently extends from outside Willmar through the communities of Spicer, New London, and Hawick to the North Fork Crow River. Beyond that the undeveloped railbed is open for some recreational uses for another through the city of Richmond, but some of the original railroad", "id": "17680490" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run\n\n\nFour Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved non-motorized transport and recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail. In Arlington, the stream passes from the Piedmont through the Fall Line to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in a deep forested valley. The stream's eastern section", "id": "19376418" }, { "contents": "Agassiz Recreational Trail\n\n\nAgassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, USA, between Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the naturally surfaced trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The Agassiz Recreational Trail was converted from an abandoned rail bed running parallel to state highways 32 and 102. It passes through the following towns (in", "id": "14209427" }, { "contents": "Erie Lackawanna Trail\n\n\nErie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail in located in Lake County, Indiana which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of . The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in", "id": "21971553" }, { "contents": "Paul Bunyan State Trail\n\n\nThe Paul Bunyan State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, United States, running between the cities of Brainerd and Bemidji. Named after the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan of American folklore, the trail is the longest continuously paved trail in the United States. The route was part of the Burlington Northern Railroad lines abandoned in 1983. The trail currently covers a distance of . The southern extension, completed in 2012, moved the southern terminus to Crow Wing State Park. The route through Bemidji currently", "id": "15010231" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon is a 26.2 mile foot race from Holdingford, Minnesota, to St. Joseph, Minnesota, on a paved trail called the Lake Wobegon Trail. The course is USATF-certified, making it a qualifying race for the Boston Marathon. The race is sponsored and organized by the St. Cloud River Runners, a running group active since 1983 with about 150 members. The flat, straight course is run on a blacktop trail converted from freight rail lines. After starting at the high school in Holdingford, the", "id": "8840283" }, { "contents": "Yelm–Tenino Trail\n\n\nThe Yelm–Tenino Trail is a rail trail located in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The long cycling and walking trail has been constructed along the route of a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail runs parallel to State Route 507 and intersects with the Chehalis Western Trail. Trailheads are located at the trail termini in the towns of Yelm and Tenino as well as in the town of Rainier. The trail is used by bicyclists participating in the annual Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic as they ride from Yelm to Tenino", "id": "3903345" }, { "contents": "Northern Rail Trail (New Hampshire)\n\n\nThe Northern Recreational Rail Trail, also known as the Northern Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail trail in western New Hampshire, USA, running from Lebanon to Boscawen. It uses the right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad's former Northern Line, which was acquired by the State of New Hampshire in 1996. The trail is managed by the New Hampshire Bureau of Trails. The Northern Railroad built this line from Concord to White River Junction, Vermont, in 1847. The Boston-based investors", "id": "10109519" }, { "contents": "Little Valley, New York\n\n\nand Ellicottville. County Routes 5 and 14 start in the northwest corner of the town and head toward New Albion and East Otto, respectively. The Pat McGee Trail, a hiking and snowmobile rail trail that follows the path of the now-removed railroad, runs through the town parallel to Route 353. The Conservation Trail, a subset of the Finger Lakes Trail (itself a subset of the North Country Trail), passes through the town connecting the state forests therein; the two trails share a roughly one-mile wrong", "id": "16894285" }, { "contents": "Taconite State Trail\n\n\nThe Taconite State Trail extends 165 miles from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota and intersects the Arrowhead State Trail west of Lake Vermilion. On the Grand Rapids end, the trail is paved for the first 6 miles for in-line skating and biking. The rest of the trail is natural surface used primarily in the winter months for snowmobiling. In the summer, several areas contain standing water, but some areas are suitable for horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking Taconite State Trail is a scenic experience twisting through", "id": "11590151" }, { "contents": "Ashuwillticook Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Ashuwillticook Rail Trail is a former railroad corridor converted into a paved, universally accessible, scenic rail trail path. The Ashuwillticook (ash-oo-will-ti-cook) Rail Trail runs parallel to Route 8 through the towns of Cheshire, Lanesborough and Adams, Massachusetts and is used for biking, walking, roller-blading, and jogging. The trail is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Its first two phases opened in 2001 and 2004, with a 1.2-mile northerly extension opening", "id": "6836871" }, { "contents": "Onondaga Lake Park\n\n\nuses (strollers, children's bicycles with training wheels, tricycles and wheel chair users) are also permitted on this trail which is not plowed in the winter. The West Shore Trail is long from where it connects to the East Shore Recreation Trail at its most western end to its most eastern end off Exit 7 of Interstate 690. Located along the western shore of Onondaga Lake, this paved trail meanders through over 4.5 miles (ca. 7 km) of woodlands and open areas. It is used by bicyclists, walkers", "id": "8426451" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nMinnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve.", "id": "19412293" }, { "contents": "Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail (TCB), the official name of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR) Trail, is a rail trail that runs along an abandoned railroad corridor where the Northern Central Railway once operated. The trail extends 20 miles from Ashland Road in Cockeysville, Maryland to the boundary with Pennsylvania. At the Pennsylvania line, the Torrey C. Brown Trail becomes the York County Heritage Rail Trail (part of BicyclePA Route J) and continues to the city of York. The trail is wide with a stone dust", "id": "1111662" }, { "contents": "Central Massachusetts Railroad\n\n\ntowns along the former Wheelwright Branch exhibited similar enthusiasm for recreational trails along the property. In March 1985 with support from the local governments and regional planning agency the state purchased 10 miles of the line between the west end of the Connecticut River Bridge in Northampton and Amherst with the intent to convert it into a rail trail. Work began in 1992 and on July 29, 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management officially opened the Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail. By 1997 the trail extended as far as Belchertown where progress halted due to a", "id": "17724305" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nHeading east, all distances on the trail are measured from the Killarney Station which is the Mile zero marker. There is a mile marker every to mark your location at the trail, useful during emergencies. The trail runs east towards downtown Oakland over the former Orange Belt Railway where it crosses the Florida Turnpike on a converted railroad bridge. The path passes through the Oakland Nature Preserve on the way through downtown Oakland (Mile 2) where there is an outpost. From Oakland to Winter Garden, the Orange Belt Railway and the", "id": "20145820" }, { "contents": "Panhandle Pathway\n\n\nThe Panhandle Pathway is a rail to trail conversion in north central Indiana, United States. It is currently about 21 miles long and runs along the former Pennsylvania Railroad Panhandle line. At the north, the trail begins in the town of Winamac, Indiana, and closely parallels U.S. Highway 35 toward its south terminus in Kenneth, west of Logansport, Indiana. As of August 2015, the trail is accessible from parking areas in Winamac, Star City, and Royal Center. The pathway has a trailhead near its south terminus at", "id": "11518683" }, { "contents": "Columbia Plateau Trail\n\n\nconstructed by the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway Company in the early 1900s. That line's successor, the Burlington Northern Company, abandoned the line in 1987, paving the way for the state to acquire 130 miles of right-of-way, from milepost 235.0 near East Pasco to milepost 365.0 near South Cheney, in 1991. State Park management began in 1992. Standing remnants of the trail's railroad past include the historic Burr Canyon trestle built in 1908. The northern portion of the trail passes through a habitat", "id": "1634738" }, { "contents": "Bugline Trail\n\n\nThe Bugline Recreation Trail is a paved 16-mile trail located on the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and Pacific Railroad right-of-way in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. The trail stretches between Appleton Ave (Wisconsin Highway 175) in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States to just east of North Lake in the Town of Merton. A separate 4-foot-wide bridle trail adjacent to the original 8-foot-wide recreation trail extends 2.5 miles from The Ranch in Menomonee Falls to Menomonee Park where it joins the Park bridle trails", "id": "14315703" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nthrough Holdingford. This bicycle trail continues beyond milepost 143.5 as the Soo Line Trail, crossing the Mississippi River at the Blanchard Dam, changing from asphalt to gravel at U.S. 10 south of Little Falls, and extending to Onamia. The Soo Line Trail traverses Morrison County and Mille Lacs County. The extension is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota, located near Holdingford. The Saintly Seven is a completed 7 mile extension to bring the trail from St. Joseph all the way into Waite Park and Saint Cloud. The extension allows", "id": "7951628" }, { "contents": "Harlem Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Harlem Valley Rail Trail is a paved rail trail on an abandoned portion of the New York and Harlem Railroad, north of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Line terminus in Wassaic. It is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). It is maintained through an agreement between OPRHP, Dutchess County and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association. The former New York and Harlem main line was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1864, and became part of Penn Central Railroad", "id": "13113184" }, { "contents": "Mesabi Trail\n\n\nThe Mesabi Trail is a 132-mile paved bicycle trail running from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota. As of 2016, the trail is still under construction with approximately 25 miles of trail incomplete. The trail goes through the many small towns along it, such as Marble, Keewatin, Hibbing, Mountain Iron, Virginia, and Gilbert. Much of the trail runs along abandoned railroad grade. Since 2005, the Mesabi Trail has hosted a long bike ride every year in mid-August. Each stop (usually at a", "id": "3828941" }, { "contents": "Hayward, Wisconsin\n\n\nlocated, has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along existing county forest logging roads is permitted. There are 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails for winter use and 80.8 miles designated for summer use. State owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest", "id": "17383849" }, { "contents": "Great Western Trail (Iowa)\n\n\nThe Great Western Trail is a rail trail in the Des Moines metropolitan area south-central Iowa, United States. The trails is long and paved with asphalt. The trail follows the route of an abandoned line of the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, constructed in 1899 and last operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It runs between southwestern Des Moines at its north end and Martensdale at the south, passing through suburban areas, Willow Creek Golf Course, fields and farmland, and the wooded valley of", "id": "2371209" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail, Nova Scotia\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Beechville to Fairview. The trail is named for the Chain Lakes along which the trail runs. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg. They are part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route, a planned 3,000 kilometer cycling trail system. The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South", "id": "12562229" }, { "contents": "York County Heritage Rail Trail\n\n\nHeritage Rail Trail County Park is a National Recreation Trail rail-with-trail in Pennsylvania built in 1999 by the York County Rail Trail Authority (YCRTA). It connects with the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Maryland. The trail runs along the active Northern Central Railway line and forms the southernmost part of Route J in the BicyclePA route system. The York County Heritage Rail Trail is located along railroad tracks built during the nineteenth century as part of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR). The NCR was an important link", "id": "16256720" }, { "contents": "Sammamish River Trail\n\n\nThe Sammamish River Trail is a bike path and recreational trail in King County, Washington that runs along the Sammamish River from Blythe Park in Bothell to Marymoor Park in Redmond. It connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail at its north western end, and to the Redmond Central Connector at its south eastern end. The trail is paved for bicycle, inline-skate and pedestrian use and is paralleled for most of its length by an unpaved equestrian trail. It passes near the Chateau Ste. Michelle, Columbia and Silver Lake wineries", "id": "6886606" }, { "contents": "Snohomish County Centennial Trail\n\n\nintersection with Washington State Route 531 before the roadway continues north into Downtown Arlington after an underpass with Washington State Route 9. The route continues through Downtown Arlington along West Avenue before a former railroad trestle carries the trail across the Stillaguamish River and towards Bryant along Washington State Route 9. The Centennial Trail passes its final trailhead, the Nakashima Heritage Barn & Centennial Trail North, before ending at the Skagit County line south of Lake McMurray. The Centennial Trail runs on the right-of-way of the Sumas Branch of the former", "id": "1137624" }, { "contents": "Cape Haze Pioneer Trail\n\n\nThe Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway. The trail begins at the intersection of State Road 776 and Pinedale Drive in western Port Charlotte. It runs south along Pinedale Drive briefly before shifting east on to the former railroad corridor. It then proceeds south along the railroad corridor, passing near Rotonda West and crossing over Coral", "id": "14271713" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The Southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue E Northwest near the bus terminal and city hall. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida", "id": "9881595" }, { "contents": "Mill Towns Trail\n\n\nThe Mill Towns State Trail is a multi-use trail in development along the Cannon River. Currently a rail trail linking Northfield and Dundas, the trail is planned to extend southward to Faribault and eastward to Cannon Falls. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The", "id": "16299313" }, { "contents": "Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail is a paved 3.8 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the Blauvelt Free Library on Western Highway in the hamlet of Blauvelt, and ends at the intersection of Oak Tree Road in the hamlet of Tappan. The trail intersects the Old Erie Path at Depot Square in Sparkill. The trail follows the right-of-ways of two former railroads. From the southern trailhead in Tappan to Sparkill, it follows the Northern Branch", "id": "21704786" }, { "contents": "Bruce Vento Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Bruce Vento Regional Trail is a rail trail in the cities of Vadnais Heights, Gem Lake, Maplewood, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. The trail occupies an abandoned Burlington Northern Railroad corridor and intersects with the Gateway State Trail in Maplewood and continues to just east of Lake Phalen in Saint Paul. South of the lake, it continues along Phalen Boulevard and through Swede Hollow to its terminus near Seventh Street. Another spur off of Phalen Boulevard continues west, going over a long bridge that crosses very active railroad tracks", "id": "15151449" }, { "contents": "Terrace Mountain Trail\n\n\nPark (mile ); primitive camping is permitted in designated locations along the trail. The trail is marked with blue blazes and mileposts. Beginning at the south end of the lake near Weaver Falls, the first of the trail follows the old Tressler logging road onto the wooded slopes of Terrace Mountain. During a steep climb, you can stop for water at Putt's Boy Scout Camp (mile ). The trail continues through mature hardwood forest dominated by hickory, oak, and maple, with spectacular spring wildflowers. At mile", "id": "8808985" }, { "contents": "Paint Creek Trail\n\n\n1983 as the first rail trail in Michigan. The trail is in the right-of-way of the former Michigan Central Railroad and Penn Central Railroad lines. The original rail line was completed in 1872, and was in service until Penn Central's railroad operations were taken over by Conrail in 1976. The right-of-way was purchased by the Paint Creek Trail Commission in 1983 for $450,000. The trail will plan to start at Lake Orion, then stops at South Lake Orion, Goodison Orion Road, Goodison", "id": "11361335" }, { "contents": "Conewago Recreation Trail\n\n\nThe Conewago Recreation Trail is a public recreational rail trail that follows the once Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad rail corridor for a total of slightly over 5.0 miles. The trail stretches from Elizabethtown, PA to the Lebanon County Line, PA, at which point it links up to the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail which continues for another 15.0 miles. The Conewago Recreation Trail runs adjacent to the Conewago Creek running through quiet farmland and forested areas. Trail goers can enjoy walking, jogging, bicycling, horseback riding and other non-motorized recreational uses", "id": "3407872" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon\n\n\nrefers to a cafe in downtown Lake Wobegon called the \"Chatterbox Cafe\". There is a real cafe and gas station in Olivia by the same name. Olivia is in north-central Renville County. The Minnesota Rails and Trails project began creating the Lake Wobegon Trail in 1998. It now stretches from Waite Park, Minnesota just west of St. Cloud, to Freeport, Minnesota, where it forks; one trail heads northwest to Osakis, Minnesota, the other northeast to Holdingford, Minnesota and Bowlus, Minnesota, and on", "id": "12575406" }, { "contents": "Lake Bemidji State Park\n\n\ntrail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike. The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails. In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system", "id": "11692170" }, { "contents": "North Central State Trail\n\n\nThe North Central State Trail is a 62-mile (100 km) recreational rail trail serving a section of the northern quarter of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Following a route generally parallel to Interstate 75, the trail goes northward from the Michigan town of Gaylord to the top of the Lower Peninsula at Mackinaw City and connects to the North Western State Trail. It serves the towns of Vanderbilt, Indian River, and Cheboygan which connects to the Northeastern State Trail. The North Central State Trail occupies what was once", "id": "17921256" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nA short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along the former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail", "id": "19412295" }, { "contents": "Spruce Railroad Trail\n\n\nThe Spruce Railroad Trail (sometimes called Lake Crescent Trail) is a rail trail located on the shores of Lake Crescent about west of Port Angeles, Washington, and is part of the 134-mile-long Olympic Discovery Trail. The trail follows the former Port Angeles Western Railroad grade along the shores of Lake Crescent. Built during World War I for the Spruce Production Division to transport spruce from the western Olympic Peninsula for the aircraft industry, it was completed in 1919, a year too late for its intended purpose. The trail is", "id": "7465546" }, { "contents": "OC&E Woods Line State Trail\n\n\nThe OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir. Along its length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly. The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately . Beyond Olene, the trail surface is", "id": "11038009" }, { "contents": "Glacial Drumlin State Trail\n\n\nin the Southern Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Lake Kegonsa State Park, the Capital Springs State Recreation Area and at the Sandhill Station State Campground Snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowshoe hiking are permitted on the trail during the winter months. Snowmobiles are only permitted on the 39-mile limestone section of the trail but not on the paved asphalt section between Waukesha and Dousman. Snowmobiles must follow all Wisconsin snowmobile laws on this trail. Skiers and snowshoe hikers must share the trail with snowmobilers. Skiers and snowshoe hikers do", "id": "21208171" }, { "contents": "Hancock, Michigan\n\n\npartly in the city. The Jack Stevens Rail Trail runs through the city of Hancock and continues on 14 miles north to Calumet on a now-abandoned Soo Line Railroad grade. The Keweenaw Trail or Trail 3 is the main snowmobiling route to and from Houghton and Hancock, it connects to other nearby trails including the North and South Freda Trails which lead toward Lake Superior, and the Stevens Trail which goes to Calumet. Elementary-school students attend the Gordon Barkell Elementary School (formerly Hancock Elementary School), middle school students", "id": "17903027" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nThe West Orange Trail is a long multi-use rail trail owned by Orange County Parks and Recreation in Orange County, Florida, in the United States. The paved trail passes through downtown Oakland, Winter Garden, and Apopka with most of its length built on old railroad alignments. To the west of the West Orange Trail is the South Lake-Lake Minneola Scenic Trail in Lake County which was connected to the trail in 2007. There are four main stations on the West Orange Trail, each providing parking, restroom facilities", "id": "20145818" }, { "contents": "Meadowlands, Minnesota\n\n\n-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles. Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range. According to the United States Census", "id": "3264262" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nThe Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the", "id": "19539432" }, { "contents": "Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park\n\n\nThe Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States. The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is long, and averages wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from to , and total acreage", "id": "5023514" }, { "contents": "Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway)\n\n\nThe Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway) is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The", "id": "3548791" }, { "contents": "Badger State Trail\n\n\nThe Badger State Trail is a rail trail in south central Wisconsin. The trail leads from the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Madison passing through, from south to north, Monroe, Monticello, Belleville and Fitchburg. Near Monticello, the trail passes through the long, unlit Stewart Tunnel constructed in 1887. The trail was officially opened July 8, 2007. The main route of the trail follows a former rail line that was originally built by the Chicago, Madison and Northern Railroad and opened in 1887, with the first official", "id": "14059319" }, { "contents": "Rail trail\n\n\nwas developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. In Quebec, Le P'tit Train du Nord runs from Saint-Jérôme to Mont-Laurier. In Toronto, there are two rail trails, the Beltline Trail and the West Toronto Railpath. In central Ontario, the former Victoria Railway line, which runs from the town of Lindsay, Ontario, north to the village of Haliburton, in", "id": "12830745" }, { "contents": "Cheshire, Massachusetts\n\n\nserved by the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad. Most of the line was converted into the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail , an -long, , universally accessible, paved path connecting the Berkshire towns of Lanesborough, Cheshire, and Adams. The trail runs parallel to Route 8 and passes through woods and marshlands, and alongside a lake and a river, with wooded hills and Mount Greylock as a backdrop. The path and has become a popular resource for biking, walking, roller-blading, jogging, etc. The trail passes through the", "id": "21975354" }, { "contents": "Greene River Trail\n\n\nThe Greene River Trail is a non-motorized rail trail 60 miles south of Pittsburgh in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Greene River Trail runs along the banks of the Monongahela River as it winds through the former coal mining region of Greene County. The 5.2-mile trail begins in Millsboro at the Greene Cove Yacht Club, where the trail follows Ten Mile Creek for a quarter mile before turning upstream along the left (west) bank of the Monongahela River. The trail passes through Rices Landing and ends in Crucible. Plans call for the", "id": "14813403" }, { "contents": "Van Buren Trail State Park\n\n\nVan Buren Trail State Park, also known as Trail State Park, is an unimproved rail trail running along a former railroad right-of-way between Hartford, Michigan to South Haven, Michigan in Van Buren County. It is long and mostly used by horse trail riders in the summer and snowmobilers in the winter. Terrain is flat with farmland and trees. In 2004, Van Buren County took over operation of the state-owned trail after state budget problems. There is a trail pass system to pay for maintenance.", "id": "6257199" }, { "contents": "Banks–Vernonia State Trail\n\n\nThe Banks–Vernonia State Trail is a paved rail trail and state park in northwest Oregon in the United States. It runs for , primarily north–south, between the towns of Vernonia in Columbia County and Banks in Washington County on an abandoned railroad bed. Banks is about west of Portland. The wide trail is open to non-motorized uses such as hiking and biking. A wide horse trail parallels the hiking and biking trail. The rail trail crosses 12 bridges and the Buxton Trestle, a former railroad trestle bridge", "id": "6147760" }, { "contents": "Florida State Road 589\n\n\npart of the Suncoast Parkway project, a multi-use paved recreational trail called the Suncoast Trail was constructed parallel to the western side of the highway, and opened along with the Parkway itself in 2001. The trail begins at Lutz-Lake Fern Road (Exit 16), and continues north for 41 miles to the highway's terminus at US 98. Four miles north of State Road 54, an additional 6.5-mile paved bicycle trail connects the Suncoast Trail to the J. B. Starkey Wilderness Park in New Port Richey. Use of", "id": "12401397" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nSakatah Singing Hills State Trail is a paved multi-use rail trail connecting Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, US. It is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which converted it from a railroad line. The name derives from the Dakota people who lived in the region; \"Sakatah\" translates into \"singing hills\". It began as a snowmobile trail and is now shared by hikers, joggers and cross-country skiers. There are sections of parallel dirt trail for horseback riders but they are not continuous.", "id": "6829781" }, { "contents": "Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail that connects with the John Wayne Pioneer Trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road's Everett Branch (Cedar Falls-Everett, later shortened to Monroe, WA). The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall. The trail parallels the Cedar Falls Road before it heads east passing Rainbow Lake and down through the Boxley Creek drainage where a trestle bridge crosses a tributary of", "id": "18545106" }, { "contents": "Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail\n\n\npreserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007. Construction of a multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome. The eastern end of the pavement is Holloway RD in the Etoniah Creek State Forest. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)", "id": "7679575" }, { "contents": "Chippewa River State Trail\n\n\nChippewa River State Trail is a 26-mile urban-rural rail trail in western Wisconsin that follows the path of the Chippewa River. The trails runs from the spot of the confluence of the Chippewa with the Eau Claire River, at Phoenix Park in downtown Eau Claire to the town of Durand where it meets up with the Red Cedar State Trail. A former railroad corridor, the trail passes through a variety of habitat including wetlands, prairies, and sandstone bluff. The Chippewa River State Trail will eventually be part of the greater Chippewa", "id": "19531697" }, { "contents": "Thornapple Trail\n\n\nThe Thornapple Trail is the abbreviated name for the a partially completed Paul Henry-Thornapple Trail (rail trail) in west Michigan. The Middleville portion is being connected to the Kent County section which will eventually link to Kent Trails. When complete, the Paul Henry - Thornapple Trail will be a 42-mile multi-use recreation trail running from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Vermontville, Michigan. The trail was originally the Grand River Valley Railroad, constructed in 1868-69. Service on the line ended in 1983, after the state", "id": "8835070" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nWashington Parkway, the Army Corps of Engineers built an extension of the Four Mile Run Trail beneath them that connected the trail to the Mount Vernon Trail. Later that spring, more new sections of the trail opened, connecting it to the Washington & Old Dominion Trail. In 2009, a trail extension was completed near Shirlington that not only linked the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe", "id": "19539435" }, { "contents": "Oswego Recreational Trail\n\n\nThe Oswego County Recreation Trail is a multi-use rail trail in New York. The Oswego Recreational Trail actually comprises two trails which are separated by an on-road section. It follows the route of the former New York, Ontario and Western Railway, abandoned in 1957. The east portion runs from the city of Fulton's Maple Avenue to the village of Central Square, just short of Interstate 81. I-81 was built following the NYO&W abandonment and no provision was made to preserve the railroad right-of-way by", "id": "8745258" }, { "contents": "Van Cortlandt Park\n\n\nPutnam Trail (, easy), an unpaved trail, runs north through the woods to the east of this lawn and west of Van Cortlandt Lake, through the golf course and along Tibbetts Brook and the former New York and Putnam Railroad line into Yonkers, where it connects to Westchester County's paved South County Trailway. The rails themselves are overrun with weeds, but they are no longer usable by trains. The remains of the former Van Cortlandt Park station can be seen along the trail. As part of the park's", "id": "16188090" }, { "contents": "Orange Heritage Trailway\n\n\nThe Orange Heritage Trailway is a 14.5 mile rail trail in Orange County, New York, that runs along the roadbed of the Erie Railroad Main Line from Harriman to a point halfway between Goshen and Middletown, New York. The former Erie Railroad main line turns northwest at a junction and tracks terminate at the site of the now removed and demolished Nepera Chemical plant in the village of Harriman. The undeveloped roadbed continues approximately two miles through Harriman and Monroe. The paved trail begins in Harriman NY, although no trailhead exists in Harriman", "id": "14271335" }, { "contents": "Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)\n\n\nThe Rock Island Trail State Park is a long public rail trail in the west-central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2003. It passes through portions of Peoria and Stark counties. The southern end of the trail is currently located at Pioneer Parkway in north Peoria, Illinois, and the northern end is in Toulon, Illinois, the county seat of Stark County. The right-of-way served as a railroad line from 1871 to 1963, was unused in 1963", "id": "20557951" }, { "contents": "Prairie Spirit Trail State Park\n\n\nPrairie Spirit Trail State Park is a rail trail that is a Kansas State Park. The trail is built on the former right of way of the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad from Ottawa, Kansas, to Iola, Kansas. The trail runs 50 miles from its northern terminus at Ottawa, Kansas to its southern terminus at Iola, Kansas. The trail is open for use by hikers, joggers, and bicyclists year-round, from sunrise to sunset. This trail is paved with a hard-packed limestone screening outside", "id": "6599442" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nThe landscape is mostly cultivated land with remnant stands of prairie and Big Woods. The trail passes through Sakatah Lake State Park and runs through city streets in Waterville. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The route from Red Wing to Waterville was completed in 1882,", "id": "6829782" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nIt is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park.", "id": "19412294" }, { "contents": "Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes\n\n\nThe Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes is a rail trail in the northwest United States, in northern Idaho. It follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way from Mullan, a mountain mining town near the Montana border, westward to Plummer, a town on the prairie near the Washington Generally following the Coeur d'Alene River, the rail line was abandoned in 1991 and the trail officially opened in March 2004. The trail's route winds through the mountainous terrain of historic Silver Valley, into the chain lakes region, along", "id": "10102968" }, { "contents": "Northern Strand Community Trail\n\n\nprimarily runs along the Saugus Branch Railroad, a former branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The trail's right of way is leased from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for 99 years by the respective cities the trail passes through, except in Lynn; if Lynn approves the trail in their borders, they will likely sign a similar lease. Like many nearby rail-trails, these leases include a reversion clause should the right of way be deemed more useful for other transportation uses. The trail features a growing number of", "id": "19115050" }, { "contents": "Arrowhead State Trail\n\n\nThe Arrowhead State Trail is a recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota, USA, geared primarily for winter snowmobile use. It runs from an intersection with the Taconite State Trail west of Tower to an intersection with the Blue Ox Trail south of International Falls. In summer about are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, while the northern section is blocked by areas of wetness and standing water. The Arrowhead State Trail was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1974–75. It is managed by the Minnesota Department", "id": "15732221" }, { "contents": "Krushchev in Iowa Trail\n\n\nKrushchev in Iowa Trail is a planned rail trail running from Herndon, Iowa, to Coon Rapids, Iowa. It is a planned part of the American Discovery Trail. Originally known as the Corn Diplomacy Trail, the Krushchev in Iowa Trail is to be a paved recreational trail that runs through the counties of Guthrie and Carroll along an abandoned Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line. Planned trailheads A connection is planned at Herndon to the Raccoon River Valley Trail in Guthrie county. A connection is planned to Carroll, which is a terminus", "id": "4569009" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nwestern Loudoun County. Its route largely parallels the routes of the Potomac River and Virginia State Route 7 (VA Route 7). The trail connects at its origin to the paved Four Mile Run Trail, which travels eastward through Arlington along a stream embankment to meet the Mount Vernon Trail at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, near the Potomac River. The start of the trail is also accessible from the Shirlington exit (Exit 6) of Interstate 395 (I-395) (the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway). The trail parallels", "id": "21736689" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nat the trail's lowest elevation: above sea level. The trail climbs in while traveling northwest through Arlington County. While in Arlington, the trail ascends through the Atlantic Seaboard fall line while climbing upstream in the valley of Four Mile Run. The trail crosses the Run seven times in the valley on bridges whose abutments were constructed before the Civil War by the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, a predecessor of the W&OD Railroad. After crossing Columbia Pike (VA Route 244), the trail enters a steeply-sloped woodland", "id": "21736691" }, { "contents": "Columbia Trail\n\n\nof the Raritan River parallels the trail through the gorge, and is a scenic fast-flowing small river with recreational activities, especially fly fishing. A trestle carries the trail over the river in the gorge. There are few remnants of the former rail line along the trail, except for the occasional rotting railroad cross ties along the trail. There is a small section of track preserved in Califon and a small and rarely open museum dedicated to the rail line history is located in the preserved train station in the town center.", "id": "8728332" }, { "contents": "Monroe, Wisconsin\n\n\nto the city swimming pool; and Honey Creek Park, the site of a skate park. The city is the eastern starting point for the Cheese Country Trail, a 47-mile multi-purpose recreational path, and the Badger State Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian-only trail in summer and an ATV/snowmobile trail in winter. The \"Cheese Trail\" extends from Mineral Point to Monroe, while the Badger State Trail runs from the state line to Madison and connects to the Jane Addams Trail in Illinois. Both are former", "id": "17283013" }, { "contents": "Withlacoochee State Trail\n\n\nWithlacoochee State Trail is a long paved, multi-use, non-motorized rail trail in Florida located in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties. It follows along the Withlacoochee River and passes through the Withlacoochee State Forest. It is the longest paved rail trail in Florida. The original railroad line was formed sometime in the 1880s as the Inverness and Brooksville Railway. It connected with the Florida Northern Railroad in Citrus Springs and with the South Florida Railroad (SFR) in Dade City. In 1892, the Silver Springs, Ocala", "id": "16480832" }, { "contents": "Kal-Haven Trail\n\n\nthe parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped. The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding is allowed on", "id": "5253109" }, { "contents": "St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad\n\n\nfor a time. In 1978, local shippers took over the operation and it became the Lamoille Valley Railroad. In 1989, the line was leased to a Florida company and was operated by them until major flooding in 1995 and 1997 damaged the line so much that it was not profitable to repair the track. In 2002, the state of Vermont started converting the 96 mile route into a recreational trail and created the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. Milepost 0: St. Johnsbury interchange with Maine Central Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway. Milepost", "id": "688110" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nCumberland Valley Rail Trail (CVRT) is a National Recreation Trail rail trail that follows the former Cumberland Valley Railroad rail corridor for 9.5 miles, from Shippensburg to Newville, through the farmlands of western Cumberland County in south-central Pennsylvania. Historical significance The Cumberland Valley Railroad (CV) began service in the Cumberland Valley on the current CVRT corridor in 1837. In 1838 CV became the first railroad in the U.S. to offer overnight sleeping cars. Twenty years later, John Brown and his abolitionist compatriots traveled to Harpers Ferry on CV", "id": "19478189" }, { "contents": "Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail\n\n\nGainesville-Hawthorne State Trail is a rail trail in Florida. It is protected as a long Florida State Park and runs from the City of Gainesville's Boulware Springs Water Works to the town of Hawthorne. It passes through the Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park and the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area along a former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad line. The property was purchased by the state of Florida from CSX Transportation with money from the \"trails from rails\" program in late 1989. Activities include hiking, running, cycling, rollerblading, and", "id": "19673293" }, { "contents": "Summerset Trail\n\n\nThe Summerset Trail is a rail trail in Warren County in south-central Iowa in the United States. The trail is long and is paved with asphalt. It follows the route of an abandoned rail line between the cities of Carlisle at its northeastern end and Indianola at the southwest. The trail passes remnants of prairie, wetlands along the Middle River southwest of Carlisle, and woodlands north of Indianola. Trailheads are at Carlisle and Indianola, and at the trail's midpoint at Banner Lakes at Summerset State Park. The Carlisle trailhead", "id": "2470854" }, { "contents": "Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway\n\n\nwestern Washington lines remained in fairly heavy use until 1963. By 1970, most of the line was acquired by Burlington Northern Railway which filed to abandon the lines a year later in 1971. Seven years later, in 1978, the between Gas Works Park in Seattle and Tracy Owen Station in Kenmore was reopened as the Burke-Gilman Trail bike path and recreational rail trail, named after the leaders of the group that founded the railroad, Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman. The bike path and rail trail has been extended along the", "id": "17373452" }, { "contents": "Spokane River Centennial Trail\n\n\nThe Spokane River Centennial Trail is a paved trail in Eastern Washington for alternate transportation and recreational use. It is managed by Washington State Parks as the Spokane River Centennial State Park Trail. The trail extends from Sontag Park in Nine Mile Falls, Washington to the Washington/Idaho border. It passes through the cities of Spokane, Washington, Spokane Valley, Washington, Liberty Lake, Washington and the unincorporated community of Spokane Bridge, before crossing under the Interstate 90 Spokane River Bridge—traveling through Kootenai County, Idaho for approximately —", "id": "4618637" }, { "contents": "Wallkill Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Wallkill Valley Rail Trail is a rail trail and linear park that runs along the former Wallkill Valley Railroad rail corridor in Ulster County, New York. It stretches from Gardiner through New Paltz, Rosendale, and Ulster to the Kingston city line. The trail is separated from the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail by two state prisons in Shawangunk, though there have been plans to bypass these facilities, and to connect the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail with other regional rail trails. The northern section of the trail forms part of the proposed", "id": "12405545" }, { "contents": "Folsom Lake State Recreation Area\n\n\nmonths when school is still in session, evenings and weekends are the times of highest lake activity. There are 95 miles of trail at Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. These trails are used by hiker, bicyclists, runners, and horseback riders. A portion of the Western States/ Pioneer Express Trail between Sacramento and Carson City, Nevada also runs through the park. A paved bicycle trail loops around Lake Natoma, linking to Beals Point and the American River Bike Trail. Native Americans of the Maidu or Nisenan tribe inhabited the land", "id": "20827159" }, { "contents": "Zim Smith Trail\n\n\nThe Zim Smith Trail is the main multi-use trail of a network of trails in Saratoga County, New York. Extending nine miles, it connects the towns of Halfmoon, Clifton Park, Round Lake Village, Malta and Ballston Spa. It is the only trail in New York state to be designated a national recreation trail by the U.S. Department of Interior and National Park Service. The trail starts at Oak Street in Ballston Spa and runs through Malta's Shenantaha Creek Park. From there the trail passes under Interstate 87,", "id": "12911745" }, { "contents": "Old Erie Path\n\n\nThe Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking. The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad", "id": "21704717" }, { "contents": "Goodhue Pioneer State Trail\n\n\nThe Goodhue Pioneer State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in southeastern Minnesota, USA. The of trail currently exist in two segments, separated by a gap. The northern segment is a paved trail running from Red Wing, Minnesota, to the Hay Creek section of the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest near Hay Creek Township. The southern section is a natural-surface trail running northward from the Zumbrota Covered Bridge Park in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The trail corridor follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway segment that", "id": "13493095" }, { "contents": "Hank Aaron State Trail\n\n\nThe Hank Aaron State Trail is a 14-mile rail trail in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The trail is named for former Milwaukee Braves and Milwaukee Brewers right fielder Hank Aaron, and was built on a former roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. The trail begins on the shore of Lake Michigan in Lakeshore State Park (). The trail travels west through Milwaukee, passing by the Harley-Davidson Museum, Potawatomi Hotel & Casino, Miller Park, and the Wisconsin State Fair Park. The trail ends", "id": "9082958" }, { "contents": "Clive Greenbelt Trail\n\n\nClive Greenbelt Trail is an urban recreational trail in Clive, Iowa and forms part of the Central Iowa Trails network. This very busy recreational trail runs through Polk and Dallas Counties in Iowa. It is a curvy, paved asphalt and concrete trail. The trail begins at 73rd Street and Walnut Creek at the Walmart in Windsor Heights. It meanders along the north bank of Walnut Creek for to Country Club Blvd. Between the Lake Country Club dam and 142nd Street, the trail is on the street near the northshore of Lake Country", "id": "5561819" }, { "contents": "Fort Fraser Trail\n\n\nThe Fort Fraser Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Bartow to Lakeland. It runs along a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that once ran from Lakeland to Naples. The Southern terminus of the trail can be accessed from North Wilson Avenue in Bartow, immediately North of Tractor Supply Company. The Northern terminus is at the entrance to the Polk State College (Lakeland) campus in Lakeland. A paved extension of the trail runs to the Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland, a park run by Polk County", "id": "9622262" }, { "contents": "High Trestle Trail\n\n\nHigh Trestle Trail is a rail trail running from Ankeny to Woodward in central Iowa. The recreation trail opened on April 30, 2011. It is a paved recreational trail that runs through the Polk, Story, Boone, and Dallas counties. The trail's name is derived from a former 1913 bridge that spanned the Des Moines River between the towns of Madrid and Woodward. Conservation board directors and the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation estimate that more than 3,000 people use this trail each week. The trail is a major component of a", "id": "10959275" }, { "contents": "Cannon Valley Trail\n\n\nThe Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing. Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW", "id": "19411630" }, { "contents": "Dutchess Rail Trail\n\n\nwas double tracked, allowing for a simultaneous paved and packed dirt trail. In January 2012, a 1-mile stretch of property was purchased from CSX Transportation. An effort was made to develop this stretch of property in 2013, resulting in connections with Walkway Over the Hudson and the Hudson Valley Rail Trail. The railroad line was built in 1892 by the Central New England Railway; it was severed by a fire on the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974. Dutchess County originally purchased the Maybrook Line to build a limited access highway to Interstate 84", "id": "1685096" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Central Lakes State Trail is a paved recreational rail trail in central Minnesota, USA, running along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail is marked with mileposts every mile, corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad line. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The trail begins in Osakis at the western end of the Lake Wobegon Trail and runs parallel to Interstate 94 before ending in Fergus Falls. This trail passes through the towns of Nelson, Alexandria, Garfield, Brandon,", "id": "8504440" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The main trail is a trail along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line, beginning near milepost 81 in St. Joseph and ending near milepost 130 in Osakis. This trail runs parallel to I-94. The trail", "id": "7951626" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\npasses through the cities of Avon, Albany, Freeport, Melrose, Sauk Centre, and West Union. Beyond Osakis, the trail continues as the Central Lakes Trail. These two trails form a continuous trail from St. Joseph to Fergus Falls. The extension trail intersects near milepost 97 of the main trail in Albany. The extension trail is a trail along a former Soo Line Railroad line, beginning near milepost 131 in Albany passing through Albany, Krain and Holding Townships and ending northeast of Holdingford at approx. milepost 143.5, passing", "id": "7951627" }, { "contents": "Heartland State Trail\n\n\nThe Heartland State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, USA. It runs between Park Rapids and Cass Lake, intersecting with the Paul Bunyan State Trail around Walker. The entire route is paved, with a parallel grass trackway along the southern half for horseback riding and mountain biking. The northern half of the trail has some parallel trackway for snowmobiles. A segment north of Walker traverses very hilly terrain to appeal to snowmobilers; other users can follow a marked alternate route on paved road shoulders", "id": "18296395" }, { "contents": "Glacial Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Glacial Lakes State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in south-central Minnesota, USA. Developed from a former Burlington Northern Railroad grade, it traverses a landscape of lakes and gently rolling hills formed 10,000 years ago during the last glacial period. The trail currently extends from outside Willmar through the communities of Spicer, New London, and Hawick to the North Fork Crow River. Beyond that the undeveloped railbed is open for some recreational uses for another through the city of Richmond, but some of the original railroad", "id": "17680490" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run\n\n\nFour Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved non-motorized transport and recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail. In Arlington, the stream passes from the Piedmont through the Fall Line to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in a deep forested valley. The stream's eastern section", "id": "19376418" }, { "contents": "Agassiz Recreational Trail\n\n\nAgassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, USA, between Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the naturally surfaced trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The Agassiz Recreational Trail was converted from an abandoned rail bed running parallel to state highways 32 and 102. It passes through the following towns (in", "id": "14209427" }, { "contents": "Erie Lackawanna Trail\n\n\nErie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail in located in Lake County, Indiana which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of . The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in", "id": "21971553" }, { "contents": "Paul Bunyan State Trail\n\n\nThe Paul Bunyan State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, United States, running between the cities of Brainerd and Bemidji. Named after the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan of American folklore, the trail is the longest continuously paved trail in the United States. The route was part of the Burlington Northern Railroad lines abandoned in 1983. The trail currently covers a distance of . The southern extension, completed in 2012, moved the southern terminus to Crow Wing State Park. The route through Bemidji currently", "id": "15010231" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon is a 26.2 mile foot race from Holdingford, Minnesota, to St. Joseph, Minnesota, on a paved trail called the Lake Wobegon Trail. The course is USATF-certified, making it a qualifying race for the Boston Marathon. The race is sponsored and organized by the St. Cloud River Runners, a running group active since 1983 with about 150 members. The flat, straight course is run on a blacktop trail converted from freight rail lines. After starting at the high school in Holdingford, the", "id": "8840283" }, { "contents": "Yelm–Tenino Trail\n\n\nThe Yelm–Tenino Trail is a rail trail located in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The long cycling and walking trail has been constructed along the route of a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail runs parallel to State Route 507 and intersects with the Chehalis Western Trail. Trailheads are located at the trail termini in the towns of Yelm and Tenino as well as in the town of Rainier. The trail is used by bicyclists participating in the annual Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic as they ride from Yelm to Tenino", "id": "3903345" }, { "contents": "Northern Rail Trail (New Hampshire)\n\n\nThe Northern Recreational Rail Trail, also known as the Northern Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail trail in western New Hampshire, USA, running from Lebanon to Boscawen. It uses the right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad's former Northern Line, which was acquired by the State of New Hampshire in 1996. The trail is managed by the New Hampshire Bureau of Trails. The Northern Railroad built this line from Concord to White River Junction, Vermont, in 1847. The Boston-based investors", "id": "10109519" }, { "contents": "Little Valley, New York\n\n\nand Ellicottville. County Routes 5 and 14 start in the northwest corner of the town and head toward New Albion and East Otto, respectively. The Pat McGee Trail, a hiking and snowmobile rail trail that follows the path of the now-removed railroad, runs through the town parallel to Route 353. The Conservation Trail, a subset of the Finger Lakes Trail (itself a subset of the North Country Trail), passes through the town connecting the state forests therein; the two trails share a roughly one-mile wrong", "id": "16894285" }, { "contents": "Taconite State Trail\n\n\nThe Taconite State Trail extends 165 miles from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota and intersects the Arrowhead State Trail west of Lake Vermilion. On the Grand Rapids end, the trail is paved for the first 6 miles for in-line skating and biking. The rest of the trail is natural surface used primarily in the winter months for snowmobiling. In the summer, several areas contain standing water, but some areas are suitable for horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking Taconite State Trail is a scenic experience twisting through", "id": "11590151" }, { "contents": "Ashuwillticook Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Ashuwillticook Rail Trail is a former railroad corridor converted into a paved, universally accessible, scenic rail trail path. The Ashuwillticook (ash-oo-will-ti-cook) Rail Trail runs parallel to Route 8 through the towns of Cheshire, Lanesborough and Adams, Massachusetts and is used for biking, walking, roller-blading, and jogging. The trail is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Its first two phases opened in 2001 and 2004, with a 1.2-mile northerly extension opening", "id": "6836871" }, { "contents": "Onondaga Lake Park\n\n\nuses (strollers, children's bicycles with training wheels, tricycles and wheel chair users) are also permitted on this trail which is not plowed in the winter. The West Shore Trail is long from where it connects to the East Shore Recreation Trail at its most western end to its most eastern end off Exit 7 of Interstate 690. Located along the western shore of Onondaga Lake, this paved trail meanders through over 4.5 miles (ca. 7 km) of woodlands and open areas. It is used by bicyclists, walkers", "id": "8426451" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nMinnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve.", "id": "19412293" }, { "contents": "Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail (TCB), the official name of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR) Trail, is a rail trail that runs along an abandoned railroad corridor where the Northern Central Railway once operated. The trail extends 20 miles from Ashland Road in Cockeysville, Maryland to the boundary with Pennsylvania. At the Pennsylvania line, the Torrey C. Brown Trail becomes the York County Heritage Rail Trail (part of BicyclePA Route J) and continues to the city of York. The trail is wide with a stone dust", "id": "1111662" }, { "contents": "Central Massachusetts Railroad\n\n\ntowns along the former Wheelwright Branch exhibited similar enthusiasm for recreational trails along the property. In March 1985 with support from the local governments and regional planning agency the state purchased 10 miles of the line between the west end of the Connecticut River Bridge in Northampton and Amherst with the intent to convert it into a rail trail. Work began in 1992 and on July 29, 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management officially opened the Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail. By 1997 the trail extended as far as Belchertown where progress halted due to a", "id": "17724305" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nHeading east, all distances on the trail are measured from the Killarney Station which is the Mile zero marker. There is a mile marker every to mark your location at the trail, useful during emergencies. The trail runs east towards downtown Oakland over the former Orange Belt Railway where it crosses the Florida Turnpike on a converted railroad bridge. The path passes through the Oakland Nature Preserve on the way through downtown Oakland (Mile 2) where there is an outpost. From Oakland to Winter Garden, the Orange Belt Railway and the", "id": "20145820" }, { "contents": "Panhandle Pathway\n\n\nThe Panhandle Pathway is a rail to trail conversion in north central Indiana, United States. It is currently about 21 miles long and runs along the former Pennsylvania Railroad Panhandle line. At the north, the trail begins in the town of Winamac, Indiana, and closely parallels U.S. Highway 35 toward its south terminus in Kenneth, west of Logansport, Indiana. As of August 2015, the trail is accessible from parking areas in Winamac, Star City, and Royal Center. The pathway has a trailhead near its south terminus at", "id": "11518683" }, { "contents": "Columbia Plateau Trail\n\n\nconstructed by the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway Company in the early 1900s. That line's successor, the Burlington Northern Company, abandoned the line in 1987, paving the way for the state to acquire 130 miles of right-of-way, from milepost 235.0 near East Pasco to milepost 365.0 near South Cheney, in 1991. State Park management began in 1992. Standing remnants of the trail's railroad past include the historic Burr Canyon trestle built in 1908. The northern portion of the trail passes through a habitat", "id": "1634738" }, { "contents": "Bugline Trail\n\n\nThe Bugline Recreation Trail is a paved 16-mile trail located on the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and Pacific Railroad right-of-way in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. The trail stretches between Appleton Ave (Wisconsin Highway 175) in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States to just east of North Lake in the Town of Merton. A separate 4-foot-wide bridle trail adjacent to the original 8-foot-wide recreation trail extends 2.5 miles from The Ranch in Menomonee Falls to Menomonee Park where it joins the Park bridle trails", "id": "14315703" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nthrough Holdingford. This bicycle trail continues beyond milepost 143.5 as the Soo Line Trail, crossing the Mississippi River at the Blanchard Dam, changing from asphalt to gravel at U.S. 10 south of Little Falls, and extending to Onamia. The Soo Line Trail traverses Morrison County and Mille Lacs County. The extension is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota, located near Holdingford. The Saintly Seven is a completed 7 mile extension to bring the trail from St. Joseph all the way into Waite Park and Saint Cloud. The extension allows", "id": "7951628" }, { "contents": "Harlem Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Harlem Valley Rail Trail is a paved rail trail on an abandoned portion of the New York and Harlem Railroad, north of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Line terminus in Wassaic. It is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). It is maintained through an agreement between OPRHP, Dutchess County and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association. The former New York and Harlem main line was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1864, and became part of Penn Central Railroad", "id": "13113184" }, { "contents": "Mesabi Trail\n\n\nThe Mesabi Trail is a 132-mile paved bicycle trail running from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota. As of 2016, the trail is still under construction with approximately 25 miles of trail incomplete. The trail goes through the many small towns along it, such as Marble, Keewatin, Hibbing, Mountain Iron, Virginia, and Gilbert. Much of the trail runs along abandoned railroad grade. Since 2005, the Mesabi Trail has hosted a long bike ride every year in mid-August. Each stop (usually at a", "id": "3828941" }, { "contents": "Hayward, Wisconsin\n\n\nlocated, has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along existing county forest logging roads is permitted. There are 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails for winter use and 80.8 miles designated for summer use. State owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest", "id": "17383849" }, { "contents": "Great Western Trail (Iowa)\n\n\nThe Great Western Trail is a rail trail in the Des Moines metropolitan area south-central Iowa, United States. The trails is long and paved with asphalt. The trail follows the route of an abandoned line of the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, constructed in 1899 and last operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It runs between southwestern Des Moines at its north end and Martensdale at the south, passing through suburban areas, Willow Creek Golf Course, fields and farmland, and the wooded valley of", "id": "2371209" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail, Nova Scotia\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Beechville to Fairview. The trail is named for the Chain Lakes along which the trail runs. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg. They are part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route, a planned 3,000 kilometer cycling trail system. The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South", "id": "12562229" }, { "contents": "York County Heritage Rail Trail\n\n\nHeritage Rail Trail County Park is a National Recreation Trail rail-with-trail in Pennsylvania built in 1999 by the York County Rail Trail Authority (YCRTA). It connects with the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Maryland. The trail runs along the active Northern Central Railway line and forms the southernmost part of Route J in the BicyclePA route system. The York County Heritage Rail Trail is located along railroad tracks built during the nineteenth century as part of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR). The NCR was an important link", "id": "16256720" }, { "contents": "Sammamish River Trail\n\n\nThe Sammamish River Trail is a bike path and recreational trail in King County, Washington that runs along the Sammamish River from Blythe Park in Bothell to Marymoor Park in Redmond. It connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail at its north western end, and to the Redmond Central Connector at its south eastern end. The trail is paved for bicycle, inline-skate and pedestrian use and is paralleled for most of its length by an unpaved equestrian trail. It passes near the Chateau Ste. Michelle, Columbia and Silver Lake wineries", "id": "6886606" }, { "contents": "Snohomish County Centennial Trail\n\n\nintersection with Washington State Route 531 before the roadway continues north into Downtown Arlington after an underpass with Washington State Route 9. The route continues through Downtown Arlington along West Avenue before a former railroad trestle carries the trail across the Stillaguamish River and towards Bryant along Washington State Route 9. The Centennial Trail passes its final trailhead, the Nakashima Heritage Barn & Centennial Trail North, before ending at the Skagit County line south of Lake McMurray. The Centennial Trail runs on the right-of-way of the Sumas Branch of the former", "id": "1137624" }, { "contents": "Cape Haze Pioneer Trail\n\n\nThe Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway. The trail begins at the intersection of State Road 776 and Pinedale Drive in western Port Charlotte. It runs south along Pinedale Drive briefly before shifting east on to the former railroad corridor. It then proceeds south along the railroad corridor, passing near Rotonda West and crossing over Coral", "id": "14271713" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The Southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue E Northwest near the bus terminal and city hall. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida", "id": "9881595" }, { "contents": "Mill Towns Trail\n\n\nThe Mill Towns State Trail is a multi-use trail in development along the Cannon River. Currently a rail trail linking Northfield and Dundas, the trail is planned to extend southward to Faribault and eastward to Cannon Falls. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The", "id": "16299313" }, { "contents": "Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail is a paved 3.8 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the Blauvelt Free Library on Western Highway in the hamlet of Blauvelt, and ends at the intersection of Oak Tree Road in the hamlet of Tappan. The trail intersects the Old Erie Path at Depot Square in Sparkill. The trail follows the right-of-ways of two former railroads. From the southern trailhead in Tappan to Sparkill, it follows the Northern Branch", "id": "21704786" }, { "contents": "Bruce Vento Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Bruce Vento Regional Trail is a rail trail in the cities of Vadnais Heights, Gem Lake, Maplewood, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. The trail occupies an abandoned Burlington Northern Railroad corridor and intersects with the Gateway State Trail in Maplewood and continues to just east of Lake Phalen in Saint Paul. South of the lake, it continues along Phalen Boulevard and through Swede Hollow to its terminus near Seventh Street. Another spur off of Phalen Boulevard continues west, going over a long bridge that crosses very active railroad tracks", "id": "15151449" }, { "contents": "Terrace Mountain Trail\n\n\nPark (mile ); primitive camping is permitted in designated locations along the trail. The trail is marked with blue blazes and mileposts. Beginning at the south end of the lake near Weaver Falls, the first of the trail follows the old Tressler logging road onto the wooded slopes of Terrace Mountain. During a steep climb, you can stop for water at Putt's Boy Scout Camp (mile ). The trail continues through mature hardwood forest dominated by hickory, oak, and maple, with spectacular spring wildflowers. At mile", "id": "8808985" }, { "contents": "Paint Creek Trail\n\n\n1983 as the first rail trail in Michigan. The trail is in the right-of-way of the former Michigan Central Railroad and Penn Central Railroad lines. The original rail line was completed in 1872, and was in service until Penn Central's railroad operations were taken over by Conrail in 1976. The right-of-way was purchased by the Paint Creek Trail Commission in 1983 for $450,000. The trail will plan to start at Lake Orion, then stops at South Lake Orion, Goodison Orion Road, Goodison", "id": "11361335" }, { "contents": "Conewago Recreation Trail\n\n\nThe Conewago Recreation Trail is a public recreational rail trail that follows the once Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad rail corridor for a total of slightly over 5.0 miles. The trail stretches from Elizabethtown, PA to the Lebanon County Line, PA, at which point it links up to the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail which continues for another 15.0 miles. The Conewago Recreation Trail runs adjacent to the Conewago Creek running through quiet farmland and forested areas. Trail goers can enjoy walking, jogging, bicycling, horseback riding and other non-motorized recreational uses", "id": "3407872" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon\n\n\nrefers to a cafe in downtown Lake Wobegon called the \"Chatterbox Cafe\". There is a real cafe and gas station in Olivia by the same name. Olivia is in north-central Renville County. The Minnesota Rails and Trails project began creating the Lake Wobegon Trail in 1998. It now stretches from Waite Park, Minnesota just west of St. Cloud, to Freeport, Minnesota, where it forks; one trail heads northwest to Osakis, Minnesota, the other northeast to Holdingford, Minnesota and Bowlus, Minnesota, and on", "id": "12575406" }, { "contents": "Lake Bemidji State Park\n\n\ntrail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike. The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails. In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system", "id": "11692170" }, { "contents": "North Central State Trail\n\n\nThe North Central State Trail is a 62-mile (100 km) recreational rail trail serving a section of the northern quarter of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Following a route generally parallel to Interstate 75, the trail goes northward from the Michigan town of Gaylord to the top of the Lower Peninsula at Mackinaw City and connects to the North Western State Trail. It serves the towns of Vanderbilt, Indian River, and Cheboygan which connects to the Northeastern State Trail. The North Central State Trail occupies what was once", "id": "17921256" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nA short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along the former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail", "id": "19412295" }, { "contents": "Spruce Railroad Trail\n\n\nThe Spruce Railroad Trail (sometimes called Lake Crescent Trail) is a rail trail located on the shores of Lake Crescent about west of Port Angeles, Washington, and is part of the 134-mile-long Olympic Discovery Trail. The trail follows the former Port Angeles Western Railroad grade along the shores of Lake Crescent. Built during World War I for the Spruce Production Division to transport spruce from the western Olympic Peninsula for the aircraft industry, it was completed in 1919, a year too late for its intended purpose. The trail is", "id": "7465546" }, { "contents": "OC&E Woods Line State Trail\n\n\nThe OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir. Along its length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly. The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately . Beyond Olene, the trail surface is", "id": "11038009" }, { "contents": "Glacial Drumlin State Trail\n\n\nin the Southern Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Lake Kegonsa State Park, the Capital Springs State Recreation Area and at the Sandhill Station State Campground Snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowshoe hiking are permitted on the trail during the winter months. Snowmobiles are only permitted on the 39-mile limestone section of the trail but not on the paved asphalt section between Waukesha and Dousman. Snowmobiles must follow all Wisconsin snowmobile laws on this trail. Skiers and snowshoe hikers must share the trail with snowmobilers. Skiers and snowshoe hikers do", "id": "21208171" }, { "contents": "Hancock, Michigan\n\n\npartly in the city. The Jack Stevens Rail Trail runs through the city of Hancock and continues on 14 miles north to Calumet on a now-abandoned Soo Line Railroad grade. The Keweenaw Trail or Trail 3 is the main snowmobiling route to and from Houghton and Hancock, it connects to other nearby trails including the North and South Freda Trails which lead toward Lake Superior, and the Stevens Trail which goes to Calumet. Elementary-school students attend the Gordon Barkell Elementary School (formerly Hancock Elementary School), middle school students", "id": "17903027" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nThe West Orange Trail is a long multi-use rail trail owned by Orange County Parks and Recreation in Orange County, Florida, in the United States. The paved trail passes through downtown Oakland, Winter Garden, and Apopka with most of its length built on old railroad alignments. To the west of the West Orange Trail is the South Lake-Lake Minneola Scenic Trail in Lake County which was connected to the trail in 2007. There are four main stations on the West Orange Trail, each providing parking, restroom facilities", "id": "20145818" }, { "contents": "Meadowlands, Minnesota\n\n\n-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles. Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range. According to the United States Census", "id": "3264262" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nThe Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the", "id": "19539432" }, { "contents": "Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park\n\n\nThe Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States. The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is long, and averages wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from to , and total acreage", "id": "5023514" }, { "contents": "Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway)\n\n\nThe Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway) is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The", "id": "3548791" }, { "contents": "Badger State Trail\n\n\nThe Badger State Trail is a rail trail in south central Wisconsin. The trail leads from the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Madison passing through, from south to north, Monroe, Monticello, Belleville and Fitchburg. Near Monticello, the trail passes through the long, unlit Stewart Tunnel constructed in 1887. The trail was officially opened July 8, 2007. The main route of the trail follows a former rail line that was originally built by the Chicago, Madison and Northern Railroad and opened in 1887, with the first official", "id": "14059319" }, { "contents": "Rail trail\n\n\nwas developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. In Quebec, Le P'tit Train du Nord runs from Saint-Jérôme to Mont-Laurier. In Toronto, there are two rail trails, the Beltline Trail and the West Toronto Railpath. In central Ontario, the former Victoria Railway line, which runs from the town of Lindsay, Ontario, north to the village of Haliburton, in", "id": "12830745" }, { "contents": "Cheshire, Massachusetts\n\n\nserved by the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad. Most of the line was converted into the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail , an -long, , universally accessible, paved path connecting the Berkshire towns of Lanesborough, Cheshire, and Adams. The trail runs parallel to Route 8 and passes through woods and marshlands, and alongside a lake and a river, with wooded hills and Mount Greylock as a backdrop. The path and has become a popular resource for biking, walking, roller-blading, jogging, etc. The trail passes through the", "id": "21975354" }, { "contents": "Greene River Trail\n\n\nThe Greene River Trail is a non-motorized rail trail 60 miles south of Pittsburgh in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Greene River Trail runs along the banks of the Monongahela River as it winds through the former coal mining region of Greene County. The 5.2-mile trail begins in Millsboro at the Greene Cove Yacht Club, where the trail follows Ten Mile Creek for a quarter mile before turning upstream along the left (west) bank of the Monongahela River. The trail passes through Rices Landing and ends in Crucible. Plans call for the", "id": "14813403" }, { "contents": "Van Buren Trail State Park\n\n\nVan Buren Trail State Park, also known as Trail State Park, is an unimproved rail trail running along a former railroad right-of-way between Hartford, Michigan to South Haven, Michigan in Van Buren County. It is long and mostly used by horse trail riders in the summer and snowmobilers in the winter. Terrain is flat with farmland and trees. In 2004, Van Buren County took over operation of the state-owned trail after state budget problems. There is a trail pass system to pay for maintenance.", "id": "6257199" }, { "contents": "Banks–Vernonia State Trail\n\n\nThe Banks–Vernonia State Trail is a paved rail trail and state park in northwest Oregon in the United States. It runs for , primarily north–south, between the towns of Vernonia in Columbia County and Banks in Washington County on an abandoned railroad bed. Banks is about west of Portland. The wide trail is open to non-motorized uses such as hiking and biking. A wide horse trail parallels the hiking and biking trail. The rail trail crosses 12 bridges and the Buxton Trestle, a former railroad trestle bridge", "id": "6147760" }, { "contents": "Florida State Road 589\n\n\npart of the Suncoast Parkway project, a multi-use paved recreational trail called the Suncoast Trail was constructed parallel to the western side of the highway, and opened along with the Parkway itself in 2001. The trail begins at Lutz-Lake Fern Road (Exit 16), and continues north for 41 miles to the highway's terminus at US 98. Four miles north of State Road 54, an additional 6.5-mile paved bicycle trail connects the Suncoast Trail to the J. B. Starkey Wilderness Park in New Port Richey. Use of", "id": "12401397" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nSakatah Singing Hills State Trail is a paved multi-use rail trail connecting Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, US. It is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which converted it from a railroad line. The name derives from the Dakota people who lived in the region; \"Sakatah\" translates into \"singing hills\". It began as a snowmobile trail and is now shared by hikers, joggers and cross-country skiers. There are sections of parallel dirt trail for horseback riders but they are not continuous.", "id": "6829781" }, { "contents": "Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail that connects with the John Wayne Pioneer Trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road's Everett Branch (Cedar Falls-Everett, later shortened to Monroe, WA). The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall. The trail parallels the Cedar Falls Road before it heads east passing Rainbow Lake and down through the Boxley Creek drainage where a trestle bridge crosses a tributary of", "id": "18545106" }, { "contents": "Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail\n\n\npreserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007. Construction of a multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome. The eastern end of the pavement is Holloway RD in the Etoniah Creek State Forest. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)", "id": "7679575" }, { "contents": "Chippewa River State Trail\n\n\nChippewa River State Trail is a 26-mile urban-rural rail trail in western Wisconsin that follows the path of the Chippewa River. The trails runs from the spot of the confluence of the Chippewa with the Eau Claire River, at Phoenix Park in downtown Eau Claire to the town of Durand where it meets up with the Red Cedar State Trail. A former railroad corridor, the trail passes through a variety of habitat including wetlands, prairies, and sandstone bluff. The Chippewa River State Trail will eventually be part of the greater Chippewa", "id": "19531697" }, { "contents": "Thornapple Trail\n\n\nThe Thornapple Trail is the abbreviated name for the a partially completed Paul Henry-Thornapple Trail (rail trail) in west Michigan. The Middleville portion is being connected to the Kent County section which will eventually link to Kent Trails. When complete, the Paul Henry - Thornapple Trail will be a 42-mile multi-use recreation trail running from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Vermontville, Michigan. The trail was originally the Grand River Valley Railroad, constructed in 1868-69. Service on the line ended in 1983, after the state", "id": "8835070" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nWashington Parkway, the Army Corps of Engineers built an extension of the Four Mile Run Trail beneath them that connected the trail to the Mount Vernon Trail. Later that spring, more new sections of the trail opened, connecting it to the Washington & Old Dominion Trail. In 2009, a trail extension was completed near Shirlington that not only linked the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe", "id": "19539435" }, { "contents": "Oswego Recreational Trail\n\n\nThe Oswego County Recreation Trail is a multi-use rail trail in New York. The Oswego Recreational Trail actually comprises two trails which are separated by an on-road section. It follows the route of the former New York, Ontario and Western Railway, abandoned in 1957. The east portion runs from the city of Fulton's Maple Avenue to the village of Central Square, just short of Interstate 81. I-81 was built following the NYO&W abandonment and no provision was made to preserve the railroad right-of-way by", "id": "8745258" }, { "contents": "Van Cortlandt Park\n\n\nPutnam Trail (, easy), an unpaved trail, runs north through the woods to the east of this lawn and west of Van Cortlandt Lake, through the golf course and along Tibbetts Brook and the former New York and Putnam Railroad line into Yonkers, where it connects to Westchester County's paved South County Trailway. The rails themselves are overrun with weeds, but they are no longer usable by trains. The remains of the former Van Cortlandt Park station can be seen along the trail. As part of the park's", "id": "16188090" }, { "contents": "Orange Heritage Trailway\n\n\nThe Orange Heritage Trailway is a 14.5 mile rail trail in Orange County, New York, that runs along the roadbed of the Erie Railroad Main Line from Harriman to a point halfway between Goshen and Middletown, New York. The former Erie Railroad main line turns northwest at a junction and tracks terminate at the site of the now removed and demolished Nepera Chemical plant in the village of Harriman. The undeveloped roadbed continues approximately two miles through Harriman and Monroe. The paved trail begins in Harriman NY, although no trailhead exists in Harriman", "id": "14271335" }, { "contents": "Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)\n\n\nThe Rock Island Trail State Park is a long public rail trail in the west-central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2003. It passes through portions of Peoria and Stark counties. The southern end of the trail is currently located at Pioneer Parkway in north Peoria, Illinois, and the northern end is in Toulon, Illinois, the county seat of Stark County. The right-of-way served as a railroad line from 1871 to 1963, was unused in 1963", "id": "20557951" }, { "contents": "Prairie Spirit Trail State Park\n\n\nPrairie Spirit Trail State Park is a rail trail that is a Kansas State Park. The trail is built on the former right of way of the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad from Ottawa, Kansas, to Iola, Kansas. The trail runs 50 miles from its northern terminus at Ottawa, Kansas to its southern terminus at Iola, Kansas. The trail is open for use by hikers, joggers, and bicyclists year-round, from sunrise to sunset. This trail is paved with a hard-packed limestone screening outside", "id": "6599442" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nThe landscape is mostly cultivated land with remnant stands of prairie and Big Woods. The trail passes through Sakatah Lake State Park and runs through city streets in Waterville. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The route from Red Wing to Waterville was completed in 1882,", "id": "6829782" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nIt is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park.", "id": "19412294" }, { "contents": "Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes\n\n\nThe Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes is a rail trail in the northwest United States, in northern Idaho. It follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way from Mullan, a mountain mining town near the Montana border, westward to Plummer, a town on the prairie near the Washington Generally following the Coeur d'Alene River, the rail line was abandoned in 1991 and the trail officially opened in March 2004. The trail's route winds through the mountainous terrain of historic Silver Valley, into the chain lakes region, along", "id": "10102968" }, { "contents": "Northern Strand Community Trail\n\n\nprimarily runs along the Saugus Branch Railroad, a former branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The trail's right of way is leased from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for 99 years by the respective cities the trail passes through, except in Lynn; if Lynn approves the trail in their borders, they will likely sign a similar lease. Like many nearby rail-trails, these leases include a reversion clause should the right of way be deemed more useful for other transportation uses. The trail features a growing number of", "id": "19115050" }, { "contents": "Arrowhead State Trail\n\n\nThe Arrowhead State Trail is a recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota, USA, geared primarily for winter snowmobile use. It runs from an intersection with the Taconite State Trail west of Tower to an intersection with the Blue Ox Trail south of International Falls. In summer about are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, while the northern section is blocked by areas of wetness and standing water. The Arrowhead State Trail was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1974–75. It is managed by the Minnesota Department", "id": "15732221" }, { "contents": "Krushchev in Iowa Trail\n\n\nKrushchev in Iowa Trail is a planned rail trail running from Herndon, Iowa, to Coon Rapids, Iowa. It is a planned part of the American Discovery Trail. Originally known as the Corn Diplomacy Trail, the Krushchev in Iowa Trail is to be a paved recreational trail that runs through the counties of Guthrie and Carroll along an abandoned Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line. Planned trailheads A connection is planned at Herndon to the Raccoon River Valley Trail in Guthrie county. A connection is planned to Carroll, which is a terminus", "id": "4569009" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nwestern Loudoun County. Its route largely parallels the routes of the Potomac River and Virginia State Route 7 (VA Route 7). The trail connects at its origin to the paved Four Mile Run Trail, which travels eastward through Arlington along a stream embankment to meet the Mount Vernon Trail at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, near the Potomac River. The start of the trail is also accessible from the Shirlington exit (Exit 6) of Interstate 395 (I-395) (the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway). The trail parallels", "id": "21736689" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nat the trail's lowest elevation: above sea level. The trail climbs in while traveling northwest through Arlington County. While in Arlington, the trail ascends through the Atlantic Seaboard fall line while climbing upstream in the valley of Four Mile Run. The trail crosses the Run seven times in the valley on bridges whose abutments were constructed before the Civil War by the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, a predecessor of the W&OD Railroad. After crossing Columbia Pike (VA Route 244), the trail enters a steeply-sloped woodland", "id": "21736691" }, { "contents": "Columbia Trail\n\n\nof the Raritan River parallels the trail through the gorge, and is a scenic fast-flowing small river with recreational activities, especially fly fishing. A trestle carries the trail over the river in the gorge. There are few remnants of the former rail line along the trail, except for the occasional rotting railroad cross ties along the trail. There is a small section of track preserved in Califon and a small and rarely open museum dedicated to the rail line history is located in the preserved train station in the town center.", "id": "8728332" }, { "contents": "Monroe, Wisconsin\n\n\nto the city swimming pool; and Honey Creek Park, the site of a skate park. The city is the eastern starting point for the Cheese Country Trail, a 47-mile multi-purpose recreational path, and the Badger State Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian-only trail in summer and an ATV/snowmobile trail in winter. The \"Cheese Trail\" extends from Mineral Point to Monroe, while the Badger State Trail runs from the state line to Madison and connects to the Jane Addams Trail in Illinois. Both are former", "id": "17283013" }, { "contents": "Withlacoochee State Trail\n\n\nWithlacoochee State Trail is a long paved, multi-use, non-motorized rail trail in Florida located in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties. It follows along the Withlacoochee River and passes through the Withlacoochee State Forest. It is the longest paved rail trail in Florida. The original railroad line was formed sometime in the 1880s as the Inverness and Brooksville Railway. It connected with the Florida Northern Railroad in Citrus Springs and with the South Florida Railroad (SFR) in Dade City. In 1892, the Silver Springs, Ocala", "id": "16480832" }, { "contents": "Kal-Haven Trail\n\n\nthe parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped. The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding is allowed on", "id": "5253109" }, { "contents": "St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad\n\n\nfor a time. In 1978, local shippers took over the operation and it became the Lamoille Valley Railroad. In 1989, the line was leased to a Florida company and was operated by them until major flooding in 1995 and 1997 damaged the line so much that it was not profitable to repair the track. In 2002, the state of Vermont started converting the 96 mile route into a recreational trail and created the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. Milepost 0: St. Johnsbury interchange with Maine Central Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway. Milepost", "id": "688110" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nCumberland Valley Rail Trail (CVRT) is a National Recreation Trail rail trail that follows the former Cumberland Valley Railroad rail corridor for 9.5 miles, from Shippensburg to Newville, through the farmlands of western Cumberland County in south-central Pennsylvania. Historical significance The Cumberland Valley Railroad (CV) began service in the Cumberland Valley on the current CVRT corridor in 1837. In 1838 CV became the first railroad in the U.S. to offer overnight sleeping cars. Twenty years later, John Brown and his abolitionist compatriots traveled to Harpers Ferry on CV", "id": "19478189" }, { "contents": "Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail\n\n\nGainesville-Hawthorne State Trail is a rail trail in Florida. It is protected as a long Florida State Park and runs from the City of Gainesville's Boulware Springs Water Works to the town of Hawthorne. It passes through the Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park and the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area along a former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad line. The property was purchased by the state of Florida from CSX Transportation with money from the \"trails from rails\" program in late 1989. Activities include hiking, running, cycling, rollerblading, and", "id": "19673293" }, { "contents": "Summerset Trail\n\n\nThe Summerset Trail is a rail trail in Warren County in south-central Iowa in the United States. The trail is long and is paved with asphalt. It follows the route of an abandoned rail line between the cities of Carlisle at its northeastern end and Indianola at the southwest. The trail passes remnants of prairie, wetlands along the Middle River southwest of Carlisle, and woodlands north of Indianola. Trailheads are at Carlisle and Indianola, and at the trail's midpoint at Banner Lakes at Summerset State Park. The Carlisle trailhead", "id": "2470854" }, { "contents": "Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway\n\n\nwestern Washington lines remained in fairly heavy use until 1963. By 1970, most of the line was acquired by Burlington Northern Railway which filed to abandon the lines a year later in 1971. Seven years later, in 1978, the between Gas Works Park in Seattle and Tracy Owen Station in Kenmore was reopened as the Burke-Gilman Trail bike path and recreational rail trail, named after the leaders of the group that founded the railroad, Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman. The bike path and rail trail has been extended along the", "id": "17373452" }, { "contents": "Spokane River Centennial Trail\n\n\nThe Spokane River Centennial Trail is a paved trail in Eastern Washington for alternate transportation and recreational use. It is managed by Washington State Parks as the Spokane River Centennial State Park Trail. The trail extends from Sontag Park in Nine Mile Falls, Washington to the Washington/Idaho border. It passes through the cities of Spokane, Washington, Spokane Valley, Washington, Liberty Lake, Washington and the unincorporated community of Spokane Bridge, before crossing under the Interstate 90 Spokane River Bridge—traveling through Kootenai County, Idaho for approximately —", "id": "4618637" }, { "contents": "Wallkill Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Wallkill Valley Rail Trail is a rail trail and linear park that runs along the former Wallkill Valley Railroad rail corridor in Ulster County, New York. It stretches from Gardiner through New Paltz, Rosendale, and Ulster to the Kingston city line. The trail is separated from the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail by two state prisons in Shawangunk, though there have been plans to bypass these facilities, and to connect the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail with other regional rail trails. The northern section of the trail forms part of the proposed", "id": "12405545" }, { "contents": "Folsom Lake State Recreation Area\n\n\nmonths when school is still in session, evenings and weekends are the times of highest lake activity. There are 95 miles of trail at Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. These trails are used by hiker, bicyclists, runners, and horseback riders. A portion of the Western States/ Pioneer Express Trail between Sacramento and Carson City, Nevada also runs through the park. A paved bicycle trail loops around Lake Natoma, linking to Beals Point and the American River Bike Trail. Native Americans of the Maidu or Nisenan tribe inhabited the land", "id": "20827159" }, { "contents": "Zim Smith Trail\n\n\nThe Zim Smith Trail is the main multi-use trail of a network of trails in Saratoga County, New York. Extending nine miles, it connects the towns of Halfmoon, Clifton Park, Round Lake Village, Malta and Ballston Spa. It is the only trail in New York state to be designated a national recreation trail by the U.S. Department of Interior and National Park Service. The trail starts at Oak Street in Ballston Spa and runs through Malta's Shenantaha Creek Park. From there the trail passes under Interstate 87,", "id": "12911745" }, { "contents": "Old Erie Path\n\n\nThe Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking. The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad", "id": "21704717" }, { "contents": "Goodhue Pioneer State Trail\n\n\nThe Goodhue Pioneer State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in southeastern Minnesota, USA. The of trail currently exist in two segments, separated by a gap. The northern segment is a paved trail running from Red Wing, Minnesota, to the Hay Creek section of the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest near Hay Creek Township. The southern section is a natural-surface trail running northward from the Zumbrota Covered Bridge Park in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The trail corridor follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway segment that", "id": "13493095" }, { "contents": "Hank Aaron State Trail\n\n\nThe Hank Aaron State Trail is a 14-mile rail trail in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The trail is named for former Milwaukee Braves and Milwaukee Brewers right fielder Hank Aaron, and was built on a former roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. The trail begins on the shore of Lake Michigan in Lakeshore State Park (). The trail travels west through Milwaukee, passing by the Harley-Davidson Museum, Potawatomi Hotel & Casino, Miller Park, and the Wisconsin State Fair Park. The trail ends", "id": "9082958" }, { "contents": "Clive Greenbelt Trail\n\n\nClive Greenbelt Trail is an urban recreational trail in Clive, Iowa and forms part of the Central Iowa Trails network. This very busy recreational trail runs through Polk and Dallas Counties in Iowa. It is a curvy, paved asphalt and concrete trail. The trail begins at 73rd Street and Walnut Creek at the Walmart in Windsor Heights. It meanders along the north bank of Walnut Creek for to Country Club Blvd. Between the Lake Country Club dam and 142nd Street, the trail is on the street near the northshore of Lake Country", "id": "5561819" }, { "contents": "Fort Fraser Trail\n\n\nThe Fort Fraser Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Bartow to Lakeland. It runs along a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that once ran from Lakeland to Naples. The Southern terminus of the trail can be accessed from North Wilson Avenue in Bartow, immediately North of Tractor Supply Company. The Northern terminus is at the entrance to the Polk State College (Lakeland) campus in Lakeland. A paved extension of the trail runs to the Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland, a park run by Polk County", "id": "9622262" }, { "contents": "High Trestle Trail\n\n\nHigh Trestle Trail is a rail trail running from Ankeny to Woodward in central Iowa. The recreation trail opened on April 30, 2011. It is a paved recreational trail that runs through the Polk, Story, Boone, and Dallas counties. The trail's name is derived from a former 1913 bridge that spanned the Des Moines River between the towns of Madrid and Woodward. Conservation board directors and the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation estimate that more than 3,000 people use this trail each week. The trail is a major component of a", "id": "10959275" }, { "contents": "Cannon Valley Trail\n\n\nThe Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing. Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW", "id": "19411630" }, { "contents": "Dutchess Rail Trail\n\n\nwas double tracked, allowing for a simultaneous paved and packed dirt trail. In January 2012, a 1-mile stretch of property was purchased from CSX Transportation. An effort was made to develop this stretch of property in 2013, resulting in connections with Walkway Over the Hudson and the Hudson Valley Rail Trail. The railroad line was built in 1892 by the Central New England Railway; it was severed by a fire on the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974. Dutchess County originally purchased the Maybrook Line to build a limited access highway to Interstate 84", "id": "1685096" } ]

[ { "contents": "Central Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Central Lakes State Trail is a paved recreational rail trail in central Minnesota, USA, running along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail is marked with mileposts every mile, corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad line. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The trail begins in Osakis at the western end of the Lake Wobegon Trail and runs parallel to Interstate 94 before ending in Fergus Falls. This trail passes through the towns of Nelson, Alexandria, Garfield, Brandon,", "id": "8504440" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trails are two paved recreational rail trails in central Minnesota, named after the fictional Lake Wobegon in Garrison Keillor's \"Prairie Home Companion\". Each trail is marked with mileposts every , corresponding with the mile markers of the former railroad lines. Snowmobile use is allowed on the trail in winter, conditions permitting. The main trail is a trail along a former Burlington Northern Railroad line, beginning near milepost 81 in St. Joseph and ending near milepost 130 in Osakis. This trail runs parallel to I-94. The trail", "id": "7951626" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\npasses through the cities of Avon, Albany, Freeport, Melrose, Sauk Centre, and West Union. Beyond Osakis, the trail continues as the Central Lakes Trail. These two trails form a continuous trail from St. Joseph to Fergus Falls. The extension trail intersects near milepost 97 of the main trail in Albany. The extension trail is a trail along a former Soo Line Railroad line, beginning near milepost 131 in Albany passing through Albany, Krain and Holding Townships and ending northeast of Holdingford at approx. milepost 143.5, passing", "id": "7951627" }, { "contents": "Heartland State Trail\n\n\nThe Heartland State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, USA. It runs between Park Rapids and Cass Lake, intersecting with the Paul Bunyan State Trail around Walker. The entire route is paved, with a parallel grass trackway along the southern half for horseback riding and mountain biking. The northern half of the trail has some parallel trackway for snowmobiles. A segment north of Walker traverses very hilly terrain to appeal to snowmobilers; other users can follow a marked alternate route on paved road shoulders", "id": "18296395" }, { "contents": "Glacial Lakes State Trail\n\n\nThe Glacial Lakes State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in south-central Minnesota, USA. Developed from a former Burlington Northern Railroad grade, it traverses a landscape of lakes and gently rolling hills formed 10,000 years ago during the last glacial period. The trail currently extends from outside Willmar through the communities of Spicer, New London, and Hawick to the North Fork Crow River. Beyond that the undeveloped railbed is open for some recreational uses for another through the city of Richmond, but some of the original railroad", "id": "17680490" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run\n\n\nFour Mile Run is a stream in Northern Virginia that starts near Interstate 66, at Gordon Avenue in Fairfax County and proceeds southeast through Falls Church to Arlington County in the U.S. state of Virginia. Most of the stretch is parkland and is paralleled by two paved non-motorized transport and recreational trails, the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail and the Four Mile Run Trail. In Arlington, the stream passes from the Piedmont through the Fall Line to the Atlantic Coastal Plain in a deep forested valley. The stream's eastern section", "id": "19376418" }, { "contents": "Agassiz Recreational Trail\n\n\nAgassiz Recreational Trail is a 53-mile multi-use rail trail in northwest Minnesota, USA, between Crookston and Ulen. Hiking, bicycling, horseback riding, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ATV riding are allowed on the naturally surfaced trail. The trail is owned by Clay, Norman and Polk counties. Representatives from each county serving on a joint powers board operate the trail. The Agassiz Recreational Trail was converted from an abandoned rail bed running parallel to state highways 32 and 102. It passes through the following towns (in", "id": "14209427" }, { "contents": "Erie Lackawanna Trail\n\n\nErie Lackawanna Trail is a rail trail in located in Lake County, Indiana which runs along the former Erie Lackawanna Railway. The trail begins in the city of Hammond then passes through the towns of Highland, Griffith, Schererville, and Merrillville before coming to an end in the county seat Crown Point. It covers a total of . The original Erie-Lackawanna right-of-way was an important freight route through Lake County; although, with the decline of railroad traffic in the United States, the line was abandoned in", "id": "21971553" }, { "contents": "Paul Bunyan State Trail\n\n\nThe Paul Bunyan State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in north-central Minnesota, United States, running between the cities of Brainerd and Bemidji. Named after the giant lumberjack Paul Bunyan of American folklore, the trail is the longest continuously paved trail in the United States. The route was part of the Burlington Northern Railroad lines abandoned in 1983. The trail currently covers a distance of . The southern extension, completed in 2012, moved the southern terminus to Crow Wing State Park. The route through Bemidji currently", "id": "15010231" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon\n\n\nThe Lake Wobegon Trail Marathon is a 26.2 mile foot race from Holdingford, Minnesota, to St. Joseph, Minnesota, on a paved trail called the Lake Wobegon Trail. The course is USATF-certified, making it a qualifying race for the Boston Marathon. The race is sponsored and organized by the St. Cloud River Runners, a running group active since 1983 with about 150 members. The flat, straight course is run on a blacktop trail converted from freight rail lines. After starting at the high school in Holdingford, the", "id": "8840283" }, { "contents": "Yelm–Tenino Trail\n\n\nThe Yelm–Tenino Trail is a rail trail located in Thurston County, Washington, United States. The long cycling and walking trail has been constructed along the route of a former Burlington Northern Railroad line. The trail runs parallel to State Route 507 and intersects with the Chehalis Western Trail. Trailheads are located at the trail termini in the towns of Yelm and Tenino as well as in the town of Rainier. The trail is used by bicyclists participating in the annual Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic as they ride from Yelm to Tenino", "id": "3903345" }, { "contents": "Northern Rail Trail (New Hampshire)\n\n\nThe Northern Recreational Rail Trail, also known as the Northern Rail Trail, is a multi-use rail trail in western New Hampshire, USA, running from Lebanon to Boscawen. It uses the right-of-way of the Boston and Maine Railroad's former Northern Line, which was acquired by the State of New Hampshire in 1996. The trail is managed by the New Hampshire Bureau of Trails. The Northern Railroad built this line from Concord to White River Junction, Vermont, in 1847. The Boston-based investors", "id": "10109519" }, { "contents": "Little Valley, New York\n\n\nand Ellicottville. County Routes 5 and 14 start in the northwest corner of the town and head toward New Albion and East Otto, respectively. The Pat McGee Trail, a hiking and snowmobile rail trail that follows the path of the now-removed railroad, runs through the town parallel to Route 353. The Conservation Trail, a subset of the Finger Lakes Trail (itself a subset of the North Country Trail), passes through the town connecting the state forests therein; the two trails share a roughly one-mile wrong", "id": "16894285" }, { "contents": "Taconite State Trail\n\n\nThe Taconite State Trail extends 165 miles from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota and intersects the Arrowhead State Trail west of Lake Vermilion. On the Grand Rapids end, the trail is paved for the first 6 miles for in-line skating and biking. The rest of the trail is natural surface used primarily in the winter months for snowmobiling. In the summer, several areas contain standing water, but some areas are suitable for horseback riding, hiking, and mountain biking Taconite State Trail is a scenic experience twisting through", "id": "11590151" }, { "contents": "Ashuwillticook Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Ashuwillticook Rail Trail is a former railroad corridor converted into a paved, universally accessible, scenic rail trail path. The Ashuwillticook (ash-oo-will-ti-cook) Rail Trail runs parallel to Route 8 through the towns of Cheshire, Lanesborough and Adams, Massachusetts and is used for biking, walking, roller-blading, and jogging. The trail is managed by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). Its first two phases opened in 2001 and 2004, with a 1.2-mile northerly extension opening", "id": "6836871" }, { "contents": "Onondaga Lake Park\n\n\nuses (strollers, children's bicycles with training wheels, tricycles and wheel chair users) are also permitted on this trail which is not plowed in the winter. The West Shore Trail is long from where it connects to the East Shore Recreation Trail at its most western end to its most eastern end off Exit 7 of Interstate 690. Located along the western shore of Onondaga Lake, this paved trail meanders through over 4.5 miles (ca. 7 km) of woodlands and open areas. It is used by bicyclists, walkers", "id": "8426451" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nMinnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail The Dakota Rail Regional Trail follows the former Dakota Rail Corridor along the north side of Lake Minnetonka. The trail runs from Wayzata southwest to St. Bonifacius. The Lake Independence Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Crow-Hassan Park Reserve in Corcoran through Baker Park Reserve to the Luce Line State Trail in Orono. Lake Minnetonka LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Victoria, where it connects to Carver Park Reserve.", "id": "19412293" }, { "contents": "Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail (TCB), the official name of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR) Trail, is a rail trail that runs along an abandoned railroad corridor where the Northern Central Railway once operated. The trail extends 20 miles from Ashland Road in Cockeysville, Maryland to the boundary with Pennsylvania. At the Pennsylvania line, the Torrey C. Brown Trail becomes the York County Heritage Rail Trail (part of BicyclePA Route J) and continues to the city of York. The trail is wide with a stone dust", "id": "1111662" }, { "contents": "Central Massachusetts Railroad\n\n\ntowns along the former Wheelwright Branch exhibited similar enthusiasm for recreational trails along the property. In March 1985 with support from the local governments and regional planning agency the state purchased 10 miles of the line between the west end of the Connecticut River Bridge in Northampton and Amherst with the intent to convert it into a rail trail. Work began in 1992 and on July 29, 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Management officially opened the Norwottuck Branch Rail Trail. By 1997 the trail extended as far as Belchertown where progress halted due to a", "id": "17724305" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nHeading east, all distances on the trail are measured from the Killarney Station which is the Mile zero marker. There is a mile marker every to mark your location at the trail, useful during emergencies. The trail runs east towards downtown Oakland over the former Orange Belt Railway where it crosses the Florida Turnpike on a converted railroad bridge. The path passes through the Oakland Nature Preserve on the way through downtown Oakland (Mile 2) where there is an outpost. From Oakland to Winter Garden, the Orange Belt Railway and the", "id": "20145820" }, { "contents": "Panhandle Pathway\n\n\nThe Panhandle Pathway is a rail to trail conversion in north central Indiana, United States. It is currently about 21 miles long and runs along the former Pennsylvania Railroad Panhandle line. At the north, the trail begins in the town of Winamac, Indiana, and closely parallels U.S. Highway 35 toward its south terminus in Kenneth, west of Logansport, Indiana. As of August 2015, the trail is accessible from parking areas in Winamac, Star City, and Royal Center. The pathway has a trailhead near its south terminus at", "id": "11518683" }, { "contents": "Columbia Plateau Trail\n\n\nconstructed by the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railway Company in the early 1900s. That line's successor, the Burlington Northern Company, abandoned the line in 1987, paving the way for the state to acquire 130 miles of right-of-way, from milepost 235.0 near East Pasco to milepost 365.0 near South Cheney, in 1991. State Park management began in 1992. Standing remnants of the trail's railroad past include the historic Burr Canyon trestle built in 1908. The northern portion of the trail passes through a habitat", "id": "1634738" }, { "contents": "Bugline Trail\n\n\nThe Bugline Recreation Trail is a paved 16-mile trail located on the former Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, and Pacific Railroad right-of-way in Waukesha County, Wisconsin. The trail stretches between Appleton Ave (Wisconsin Highway 175) in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States to just east of North Lake in the Town of Merton. A separate 4-foot-wide bridle trail adjacent to the original 8-foot-wide recreation trail extends 2.5 miles from The Ranch in Menomonee Falls to Menomonee Park where it joins the Park bridle trails", "id": "14315703" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon Trails\n\n\nthrough Holdingford. This bicycle trail continues beyond milepost 143.5 as the Soo Line Trail, crossing the Mississippi River at the Blanchard Dam, changing from asphalt to gravel at U.S. 10 south of Little Falls, and extending to Onamia. The Soo Line Trail traverses Morrison County and Mille Lacs County. The extension is home to the longest covered bridge in Minnesota, located near Holdingford. The Saintly Seven is a completed 7 mile extension to bring the trail from St. Joseph all the way into Waite Park and Saint Cloud. The extension allows", "id": "7951628" }, { "contents": "Harlem Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Harlem Valley Rail Trail is a paved rail trail on an abandoned portion of the New York and Harlem Railroad, north of the Metro-North Railroad Harlem Line terminus in Wassaic. It is owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP). It is maintained through an agreement between OPRHP, Dutchess County and the Harlem Valley Rail Trail Association. The former New York and Harlem main line was acquired by the New York Central Railroad in 1864, and became part of Penn Central Railroad", "id": "13113184" }, { "contents": "Mesabi Trail\n\n\nThe Mesabi Trail is a 132-mile paved bicycle trail running from Grand Rapids, Minnesota to Ely, Minnesota. As of 2016, the trail is still under construction with approximately 25 miles of trail incomplete. The trail goes through the many small towns along it, such as Marble, Keewatin, Hibbing, Mountain Iron, Virginia, and Gilbert. Much of the trail runs along abandoned railroad grade. Since 2005, the Mesabi Trail has hosted a long bike ride every year in mid-August. Each stop (usually at a", "id": "3828941" }, { "contents": "Hayward, Wisconsin\n\n\nlocated, has over 600 miles of groomed snowmobile trails, including 335 miles that run through county forests and connect with trails in adjoining counties. ATV (quad bikes) riding along existing county forest logging roads is permitted. There are 95.7 miles of state-funded ATV trails for winter use and 80.8 miles designated for summer use. State owned trails include the Tuscobia Trail (51 miles), which runs from the Flambeau River to the western county line and the Dead Horse Connector (38 miles) in the eastern Flambeau Forest", "id": "17383849" }, { "contents": "Great Western Trail (Iowa)\n\n\nThe Great Western Trail is a rail trail in the Des Moines metropolitan area south-central Iowa, United States. The trails is long and paved with asphalt. The trail follows the route of an abandoned line of the Chicago, St. Paul and Kansas City Railroad, constructed in 1899 and last operated by the Chicago and North Western Railway. It runs between southwestern Des Moines at its north end and Martensdale at the south, passing through suburban areas, Willow Creek Golf Course, fields and farmland, and the wooded valley of", "id": "2371209" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail, Nova Scotia\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use recreational trail in Halifax, Nova Scotia that runs from Beechville to Fairview. The trail is named for the Chain Lakes along which the trail runs. The trail is part of the Rum Runners trail system, going from Halifax to Lunenburg. They are part of Nova Scotia's Blue Route, a planned 3,000 kilometer cycling trail system. The rail line the trail follows now was built by Halifax and South Western Railway (H&SW) in 1904 to service towns along the South", "id": "12562229" }, { "contents": "York County Heritage Rail Trail\n\n\nHeritage Rail Trail County Park is a National Recreation Trail rail-with-trail in Pennsylvania built in 1999 by the York County Rail Trail Authority (YCRTA). It connects with the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Maryland. The trail runs along the active Northern Central Railway line and forms the southernmost part of Route J in the BicyclePA route system. The York County Heritage Rail Trail is located along railroad tracks built during the nineteenth century as part of the Northern Central Railroad (NCR). The NCR was an important link", "id": "16256720" }, { "contents": "Sammamish River Trail\n\n\nThe Sammamish River Trail is a bike path and recreational trail in King County, Washington that runs along the Sammamish River from Blythe Park in Bothell to Marymoor Park in Redmond. It connects to the Burke-Gilman Trail at its north western end, and to the Redmond Central Connector at its south eastern end. The trail is paved for bicycle, inline-skate and pedestrian use and is paralleled for most of its length by an unpaved equestrian trail. It passes near the Chateau Ste. Michelle, Columbia and Silver Lake wineries", "id": "6886606" }, { "contents": "Snohomish County Centennial Trail\n\n\nintersection with Washington State Route 531 before the roadway continues north into Downtown Arlington after an underpass with Washington State Route 9. The route continues through Downtown Arlington along West Avenue before a former railroad trestle carries the trail across the Stillaguamish River and towards Bryant along Washington State Route 9. The Centennial Trail passes its final trailhead, the Nakashima Heritage Barn & Centennial Trail North, before ending at the Skagit County line south of Lake McMurray. The Centennial Trail runs on the right-of-way of the Sumas Branch of the former", "id": "1137624" }, { "contents": "Cape Haze Pioneer Trail\n\n\nThe Cape Haze Pioneer Trail is an rail trail in Charlotte County, Florida on the Cape Haze peninsula running from western Port Charlotte to Placida. A vast majority of the trail runs along the right of way of the former Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway. The trail begins at the intersection of State Road 776 and Pinedale Drive in western Port Charlotte. It runs south along Pinedale Drive briefly before shifting east on to the former railroad corridor. It then proceeds south along the railroad corridor, passing near Rotonda West and crossing over Coral", "id": "14271713" }, { "contents": "Chain of Lakes Trail\n\n\nThe Chain of Lakes Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Lake Alfred to Winter Haven in Florida, past many of the lakes that compose the Winter Haven Chain of Lakes. The trail runs along the abandoned route of the South Florida Railroad's Bartow Branch (which was later part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad). The Southern terminus of the trail is near Lake Howard at Avenue E Northwest near the bus terminal and city hall. The trail travels northward past Lake Silver, Spring Lake, Lake Ida", "id": "9881595" }, { "contents": "Mill Towns Trail\n\n\nThe Mill Towns State Trail is a multi-use trail in development along the Cannon River. Currently a rail trail linking Northfield and Dundas, the trail is planned to extend southward to Faribault and eastward to Cannon Falls. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The", "id": "16299313" }, { "contents": "Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail is a paved 3.8 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the Blauvelt Free Library on Western Highway in the hamlet of Blauvelt, and ends at the intersection of Oak Tree Road in the hamlet of Tappan. The trail intersects the Old Erie Path at Depot Square in Sparkill. The trail follows the right-of-ways of two former railroads. From the southern trailhead in Tappan to Sparkill, it follows the Northern Branch", "id": "21704786" }, { "contents": "Bruce Vento Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Bruce Vento Regional Trail is a rail trail in the cities of Vadnais Heights, Gem Lake, Maplewood, and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. The trail occupies an abandoned Burlington Northern Railroad corridor and intersects with the Gateway State Trail in Maplewood and continues to just east of Lake Phalen in Saint Paul. South of the lake, it continues along Phalen Boulevard and through Swede Hollow to its terminus near Seventh Street. Another spur off of Phalen Boulevard continues west, going over a long bridge that crosses very active railroad tracks", "id": "15151449" }, { "contents": "Terrace Mountain Trail\n\n\nPark (mile ); primitive camping is permitted in designated locations along the trail. The trail is marked with blue blazes and mileposts. Beginning at the south end of the lake near Weaver Falls, the first of the trail follows the old Tressler logging road onto the wooded slopes of Terrace Mountain. During a steep climb, you can stop for water at Putt's Boy Scout Camp (mile ). The trail continues through mature hardwood forest dominated by hickory, oak, and maple, with spectacular spring wildflowers. At mile", "id": "8808985" }, { "contents": "Paint Creek Trail\n\n\n1983 as the first rail trail in Michigan. The trail is in the right-of-way of the former Michigan Central Railroad and Penn Central Railroad lines. The original rail line was completed in 1872, and was in service until Penn Central's railroad operations were taken over by Conrail in 1976. The right-of-way was purchased by the Paint Creek Trail Commission in 1983 for $450,000. The trail will plan to start at Lake Orion, then stops at South Lake Orion, Goodison Orion Road, Goodison", "id": "11361335" }, { "contents": "Conewago Recreation Trail\n\n\nThe Conewago Recreation Trail is a public recreational rail trail that follows the once Cornwall-Lebanon Railroad rail corridor for a total of slightly over 5.0 miles. The trail stretches from Elizabethtown, PA to the Lebanon County Line, PA, at which point it links up to the Lebanon Valley Rail Trail which continues for another 15.0 miles. The Conewago Recreation Trail runs adjacent to the Conewago Creek running through quiet farmland and forested areas. Trail goers can enjoy walking, jogging, bicycling, horseback riding and other non-motorized recreational uses", "id": "3407872" }, { "contents": "Lake Wobegon\n\n\nrefers to a cafe in downtown Lake Wobegon called the \"Chatterbox Cafe\". There is a real cafe and gas station in Olivia by the same name. Olivia is in north-central Renville County. The Minnesota Rails and Trails project began creating the Lake Wobegon Trail in 1998. It now stretches from Waite Park, Minnesota just west of St. Cloud, to Freeport, Minnesota, where it forks; one trail heads northwest to Osakis, Minnesota, the other northeast to Holdingford, Minnesota and Bowlus, Minnesota, and on", "id": "12575406" }, { "contents": "Lake Bemidji State Park\n\n\ntrail; of easy to moderate hiking trails that take you through areas of maturing pine, aspen and hardwoods; of paved bike trails which connect with the Paul Bunyan state trail; 5 Miles of mountain bike trails; and a 1/4 mile Bogwalk which is accessible by a hike. The course for the Bemidji Blue Ox Marathon, first run in October 2013, travels through the park on the paved trails. In the winter, there are of groomed cross country ski trails, of snowmobile trails that connect with an extensive trail system", "id": "11692170" }, { "contents": "North Central State Trail\n\n\nThe North Central State Trail is a 62-mile (100 km) recreational rail trail serving a section of the northern quarter of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. Following a route generally parallel to Interstate 75, the trail goes northward from the Michigan town of Gaylord to the top of the Lower Peninsula at Mackinaw City and connects to the North Western State Trail. It serves the towns of Vanderbilt, Indian River, and Cheboygan which connects to the Northeastern State Trail. The North Central State Trail occupies what was once", "id": "17921256" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nA short branch of the trail extends east of French Park into the surrounding neighborhood, ending at a city park. Minnesota River Bluffs LRT Regional Trail is a limestone trail which runs from Hopkins to Chanhassen along the former Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway line. In Hopkins the trail connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail and North Cedar Lake Regional Trail. It is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. North Cedar Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Minneapolis to Hopkins, where it connects to Cedar Lake LRT Regional Trail", "id": "19412295" }, { "contents": "Spruce Railroad Trail\n\n\nThe Spruce Railroad Trail (sometimes called Lake Crescent Trail) is a rail trail located on the shores of Lake Crescent about west of Port Angeles, Washington, and is part of the 134-mile-long Olympic Discovery Trail. The trail follows the former Port Angeles Western Railroad grade along the shores of Lake Crescent. Built during World War I for the Spruce Production Division to transport spruce from the western Olympic Peninsula for the aircraft industry, it was completed in 1919, a year too late for its intended purpose. The trail is", "id": "7465546" }, { "contents": "OC&E Woods Line State Trail\n\n\nThe OC&E Woods Line State Trail is a rail trail in Klamath and Lake counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is Oregon's longest state park. The trail follows the old OC&E (Oregon, California and Eastern) and Weyerhaeuser railroads from Klamath Falls to Thompson Reservoir. Along its length it passes through the communities of Olene, Sprague River, Dairy, Beatty, and Bly. The OC&E Woods Line State Trail is paved from Klamath Falls to the community of Olene, approximately . Beyond Olene, the trail surface is", "id": "11038009" }, { "contents": "Glacial Drumlin State Trail\n\n\nin the Southern Unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest, Lake Kegonsa State Park, the Capital Springs State Recreation Area and at the Sandhill Station State Campground Snowmobiling, cross-country skiing, and snowshoe hiking are permitted on the trail during the winter months. Snowmobiles are only permitted on the 39-mile limestone section of the trail but not on the paved asphalt section between Waukesha and Dousman. Snowmobiles must follow all Wisconsin snowmobile laws on this trail. Skiers and snowshoe hikers must share the trail with snowmobilers. Skiers and snowshoe hikers do", "id": "21208171" }, { "contents": "Hancock, Michigan\n\n\npartly in the city. The Jack Stevens Rail Trail runs through the city of Hancock and continues on 14 miles north to Calumet on a now-abandoned Soo Line Railroad grade. The Keweenaw Trail or Trail 3 is the main snowmobiling route to and from Houghton and Hancock, it connects to other nearby trails including the North and South Freda Trails which lead toward Lake Superior, and the Stevens Trail which goes to Calumet. Elementary-school students attend the Gordon Barkell Elementary School (formerly Hancock Elementary School), middle school students", "id": "17903027" }, { "contents": "West Orange Trail\n\n\nThe West Orange Trail is a long multi-use rail trail owned by Orange County Parks and Recreation in Orange County, Florida, in the United States. The paved trail passes through downtown Oakland, Winter Garden, and Apopka with most of its length built on old railroad alignments. To the west of the West Orange Trail is the South Lake-Lake Minneola Scenic Trail in Lake County which was connected to the trail in 2007. There are four main stations on the West Orange Trail, each providing parking, restroom facilities", "id": "20145818" }, { "contents": "Meadowlands, Minnesota\n\n\n-watching. The rivers, lakes, fields and arboreal bog areas around Meadowlands offer visitors the opportunity to view species ranging from small song birds, such as the waxwing, to Bald Eagles. Also winter brings with it increased snowmobile traffic, as a former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railroad line runs along the eastern edge of the town. Now converted to an ATV–snowmobile trail, this former rail line runs from Alborn in the south, north to Pengilly on the Iron Range. According to the United States Census", "id": "3264262" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nThe Four Mile Run Trail is a 7-mile, paved bike trail in Arlington County, Virginia that runs along Four Mile Run from Falls Church to the Mount Vernon Trail near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, where Four Mile Run empties into the Potomac River. The trail runs roughly parallel to parts of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail as it follows Four Mile Run, sometimes on the other side of the stream. The trail opened on September 4, 1967 as a four-mile, unpaved trail between Roosevelt Street and the", "id": "19539432" }, { "contents": "Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park\n\n\nThe Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail State Park is a recreational trail that follows abandoned railroad lines in Summit County, Utah, United States. The Historic Union Pacific Rail Trail is long, and averages wide. The trail stretches between Park City (beginning at 40.66°N/111.5013889°W) and Echo Reservoir (ending at 40.972041°N/111.437895°W), following Interstate 80 across Silver Creek Canyon, then going along the Weber River through the towns of Wanship and Coalville. Elevation along the trail varies from to , and total acreage", "id": "5023514" }, { "contents": "Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway)\n\n\nThe Northwest River Trail (Charles Greenway) is a 14-mile trail located along the Susquehanna River in East Donegal Township, Pennsylvania, United States of America. The trail runs alongside the Norfolk Southern rail line and the former Main Line Canal. The Charles Greenway section of the trail is a smaller portion of a proposed 14 mile trail throughout Lancaster County and ends just before the Dauphin County line. The trail begins in the Bainbridge section of the township and follows front street all the way to Decatur Street in Marietta, PA. The", "id": "3548791" }, { "contents": "Badger State Trail\n\n\nThe Badger State Trail is a rail trail in south central Wisconsin. The trail leads from the Wisconsin – Illinois state line to Madison passing through, from south to north, Monroe, Monticello, Belleville and Fitchburg. Near Monticello, the trail passes through the long, unlit Stewart Tunnel constructed in 1887. The trail was officially opened July 8, 2007. The main route of the trail follows a former rail line that was originally built by the Chicago, Madison and Northern Railroad and opened in 1887, with the first official", "id": "14059319" }, { "contents": "Rail trail\n\n\nwas developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. In Quebec, Le P'tit Train du Nord runs from Saint-Jérôme to Mont-Laurier. In Toronto, there are two rail trails, the Beltline Trail and the West Toronto Railpath. In central Ontario, the former Victoria Railway line, which runs from the town of Lindsay, Ontario, north to the village of Haliburton, in", "id": "12830745" }, { "contents": "Cheshire, Massachusetts\n\n\nserved by the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroad. Most of the line was converted into the Ashuwillticook Rail Trail , an -long, , universally accessible, paved path connecting the Berkshire towns of Lanesborough, Cheshire, and Adams. The trail runs parallel to Route 8 and passes through woods and marshlands, and alongside a lake and a river, with wooded hills and Mount Greylock as a backdrop. The path and has become a popular resource for biking, walking, roller-blading, jogging, etc. The trail passes through the", "id": "21975354" }, { "contents": "Greene River Trail\n\n\nThe Greene River Trail is a non-motorized rail trail 60 miles south of Pittsburgh in Greene County, Pennsylvania. Greene River Trail runs along the banks of the Monongahela River as it winds through the former coal mining region of Greene County. The 5.2-mile trail begins in Millsboro at the Greene Cove Yacht Club, where the trail follows Ten Mile Creek for a quarter mile before turning upstream along the left (west) bank of the Monongahela River. The trail passes through Rices Landing and ends in Crucible. Plans call for the", "id": "14813403" }, { "contents": "Van Buren Trail State Park\n\n\nVan Buren Trail State Park, also known as Trail State Park, is an unimproved rail trail running along a former railroad right-of-way between Hartford, Michigan to South Haven, Michigan in Van Buren County. It is long and mostly used by horse trail riders in the summer and snowmobilers in the winter. Terrain is flat with farmland and trees. In 2004, Van Buren County took over operation of the state-owned trail after state budget problems. There is a trail pass system to pay for maintenance.", "id": "6257199" }, { "contents": "Banks–Vernonia State Trail\n\n\nThe Banks–Vernonia State Trail is a paved rail trail and state park in northwest Oregon in the United States. It runs for , primarily north–south, between the towns of Vernonia in Columbia County and Banks in Washington County on an abandoned railroad bed. Banks is about west of Portland. The wide trail is open to non-motorized uses such as hiking and biking. A wide horse trail parallels the hiking and biking trail. The rail trail crosses 12 bridges and the Buxton Trestle, a former railroad trestle bridge", "id": "6147760" }, { "contents": "Florida State Road 589\n\n\npart of the Suncoast Parkway project, a multi-use paved recreational trail called the Suncoast Trail was constructed parallel to the western side of the highway, and opened along with the Parkway itself in 2001. The trail begins at Lutz-Lake Fern Road (Exit 16), and continues north for 41 miles to the highway's terminus at US 98. Four miles north of State Road 54, an additional 6.5-mile paved bicycle trail connects the Suncoast Trail to the J. B. Starkey Wilderness Park in New Port Richey. Use of", "id": "12401397" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nSakatah Singing Hills State Trail is a paved multi-use rail trail connecting Faribault and Mankato, Minnesota, US. It is maintained by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, which converted it from a railroad line. The name derives from the Dakota people who lived in the region; \"Sakatah\" translates into \"singing hills\". It began as a snowmobile trail and is now shared by hikers, joggers and cross-country skiers. There are sections of parallel dirt trail for horseback riders but they are not continuous.", "id": "6829781" }, { "contents": "Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail\n\n\nThe Snoqualmie Valley Regional Trail is a rail trail that connects with the John Wayne Pioneer Trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail follows a portion of the former alignment of the Milwaukee Road's Everett Branch (Cedar Falls-Everett, later shortened to Monroe, WA). The trail begins at Rattlesnake Lake outside of North Bend and ends at McCormick Park in Duvall. The trail parallels the Cedar Falls Road before it heads east passing Rainbow Lake and down through the Boxley Creek drainage where a trestle bridge crosses a tributary of", "id": "18545106" }, { "contents": "Palatka-Lake Butler State Trail\n\n\npreserving the corridor for conversion to a rail-trail and the trail was designated as part of the Florida Greenways & Trails System in 2007. Construction of a multi-use recreational trail along this corridor is being completed in phases, and the first paved section of opened in Clay County in 2008. The paved trail now runs from western Keystone Heights through and past Florahome. The eastern end of the pavement is Holloway RD in the Etoniah Creek State Forest. The construction was administered by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT)", "id": "7679575" }, { "contents": "Chippewa River State Trail\n\n\nChippewa River State Trail is a 26-mile urban-rural rail trail in western Wisconsin that follows the path of the Chippewa River. The trails runs from the spot of the confluence of the Chippewa with the Eau Claire River, at Phoenix Park in downtown Eau Claire to the town of Durand where it meets up with the Red Cedar State Trail. A former railroad corridor, the trail passes through a variety of habitat including wetlands, prairies, and sandstone bluff. The Chippewa River State Trail will eventually be part of the greater Chippewa", "id": "19531697" }, { "contents": "Thornapple Trail\n\n\nThe Thornapple Trail is the abbreviated name for the a partially completed Paul Henry-Thornapple Trail (rail trail) in west Michigan. The Middleville portion is being connected to the Kent County section which will eventually link to Kent Trails. When complete, the Paul Henry - Thornapple Trail will be a 42-mile multi-use recreation trail running from Grand Rapids, Michigan to Vermontville, Michigan. The trail was originally the Grand River Valley Railroad, constructed in 1868-69. Service on the line ended in 1983, after the state", "id": "8835070" }, { "contents": "Four Mile Run Trail\n\n\nWashington Parkway, the Army Corps of Engineers built an extension of the Four Mile Run Trail beneath them that connected the trail to the Mount Vernon Trail. Later that spring, more new sections of the trail opened, connecting it to the Washington & Old Dominion Trail. In 2009, a trail extension was completed near Shirlington that not only linked the end of the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Trail with the Four Mile Run Trail, but also allowed trail users to pass under the Shirley Highway (Interstate 395) and West Glebe", "id": "19539435" }, { "contents": "Oswego Recreational Trail\n\n\nThe Oswego County Recreation Trail is a multi-use rail trail in New York. The Oswego Recreational Trail actually comprises two trails which are separated by an on-road section. It follows the route of the former New York, Ontario and Western Railway, abandoned in 1957. The east portion runs from the city of Fulton's Maple Avenue to the village of Central Square, just short of Interstate 81. I-81 was built following the NYO&W abandonment and no provision was made to preserve the railroad right-of-way by", "id": "8745258" }, { "contents": "Van Cortlandt Park\n\n\nPutnam Trail (, easy), an unpaved trail, runs north through the woods to the east of this lawn and west of Van Cortlandt Lake, through the golf course and along Tibbetts Brook and the former New York and Putnam Railroad line into Yonkers, where it connects to Westchester County's paved South County Trailway. The rails themselves are overrun with weeds, but they are no longer usable by trains. The remains of the former Van Cortlandt Park station can be seen along the trail. As part of the park's", "id": "16188090" }, { "contents": "Orange Heritage Trailway\n\n\nThe Orange Heritage Trailway is a 14.5 mile rail trail in Orange County, New York, that runs along the roadbed of the Erie Railroad Main Line from Harriman to a point halfway between Goshen and Middletown, New York. The former Erie Railroad main line turns northwest at a junction and tracks terminate at the site of the now removed and demolished Nepera Chemical plant in the village of Harriman. The undeveloped roadbed continues approximately two miles through Harriman and Monroe. The paved trail begins in Harriman NY, although no trailhead exists in Harriman", "id": "14271335" }, { "contents": "Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)\n\n\nThe Rock Island Trail State Park is a long public rail trail in the west-central region of the U.S. state of Illinois. It was designated a National Recreation Trail in 2003. It passes through portions of Peoria and Stark counties. The southern end of the trail is currently located at Pioneer Parkway in north Peoria, Illinois, and the northern end is in Toulon, Illinois, the county seat of Stark County. The right-of-way served as a railroad line from 1871 to 1963, was unused in 1963", "id": "20557951" }, { "contents": "Prairie Spirit Trail State Park\n\n\nPrairie Spirit Trail State Park is a rail trail that is a Kansas State Park. The trail is built on the former right of way of the Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad from Ottawa, Kansas, to Iola, Kansas. The trail runs 50 miles from its northern terminus at Ottawa, Kansas to its southern terminus at Iola, Kansas. The trail is open for use by hikers, joggers, and bicyclists year-round, from sunrise to sunset. This trail is paved with a hard-packed limestone screening outside", "id": "6599442" }, { "contents": "Sakatah Singing Hills State Trail\n\n\nThe landscape is mostly cultivated land with remnant stands of prairie and Big Woods. The trail passes through Sakatah Lake State Park and runs through city streets in Waterville. The rail line was surveyed in the late 1870s between Red Wing and Waterville though construction did not begin until 1882 by the Central Railway Company of Minnesota under the management of A. B. Stickney. Stickney was head of the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroad which would later become the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1891. The route from Red Wing to Waterville was completed in 1882,", "id": "6829782" }, { "contents": "Three Rivers Park District\n\n\nIt is part of the Southwest LRT Trail. Luce Line Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Theodore Wirth Park in Golden Valley to Plymouth, where it becomes the Luce Line State Trail. In Plymouth Luce Line Regional Trail connects with Medicine Lake Regional Trail. Medicine Lake Regional Trail is a paved trail which runs from Elm Creek Park Reserve in Maple Grove to Luce Line Regional Trail on the south end of Medicine Lake. In between, the trail runs through Fish Lake Regional Park and Clifton E. French Regional Park.", "id": "19412294" }, { "contents": "Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes\n\n\nThe Trail of the Coeur d'Alenes is a rail trail in the northwest United States, in northern Idaho. It follows the former Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way from Mullan, a mountain mining town near the Montana border, westward to Plummer, a town on the prairie near the Washington Generally following the Coeur d'Alene River, the rail line was abandoned in 1991 and the trail officially opened in March 2004. The trail's route winds through the mountainous terrain of historic Silver Valley, into the chain lakes region, along", "id": "10102968" }, { "contents": "Northern Strand Community Trail\n\n\nprimarily runs along the Saugus Branch Railroad, a former branch line of the Boston and Maine Railroad. The trail's right of way is leased from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority for 99 years by the respective cities the trail passes through, except in Lynn; if Lynn approves the trail in their borders, they will likely sign a similar lease. Like many nearby rail-trails, these leases include a reversion clause should the right of way be deemed more useful for other transportation uses. The trail features a growing number of", "id": "19115050" }, { "contents": "Arrowhead State Trail\n\n\nThe Arrowhead State Trail is a recreational trail in the Arrowhead Region of northern Minnesota, USA, geared primarily for winter snowmobile use. It runs from an intersection with the Taconite State Trail west of Tower to an intersection with the Blue Ox Trail south of International Falls. In summer about are suitable for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking, while the northern section is blocked by areas of wetness and standing water. The Arrowhead State Trail was authorized by the Minnesota Legislature in 1974–75. It is managed by the Minnesota Department", "id": "15732221" }, { "contents": "Krushchev in Iowa Trail\n\n\nKrushchev in Iowa Trail is a planned rail trail running from Herndon, Iowa, to Coon Rapids, Iowa. It is a planned part of the American Discovery Trail. Originally known as the Corn Diplomacy Trail, the Krushchev in Iowa Trail is to be a paved recreational trail that runs through the counties of Guthrie and Carroll along an abandoned Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail line. Planned trailheads A connection is planned at Herndon to the Raccoon River Valley Trail in Guthrie county. A connection is planned to Carroll, which is a terminus", "id": "4569009" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nwestern Loudoun County. Its route largely parallels the routes of the Potomac River and Virginia State Route 7 (VA Route 7). The trail connects at its origin to the paved Four Mile Run Trail, which travels eastward through Arlington along a stream embankment to meet the Mount Vernon Trail at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, near the Potomac River. The start of the trail is also accessible from the Shirlington exit (Exit 6) of Interstate 395 (I-395) (the Henry G. Shirley Memorial Highway). The trail parallels", "id": "21736689" }, { "contents": "Washington & Old Dominion Railroad Regional Park\n\n\nat the trail's lowest elevation: above sea level. The trail climbs in while traveling northwest through Arlington County. While in Arlington, the trail ascends through the Atlantic Seaboard fall line while climbing upstream in the valley of Four Mile Run. The trail crosses the Run seven times in the valley on bridges whose abutments were constructed before the Civil War by the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad, a predecessor of the W&OD Railroad. After crossing Columbia Pike (VA Route 244), the trail enters a steeply-sloped woodland", "id": "21736691" }, { "contents": "Columbia Trail\n\n\nof the Raritan River parallels the trail through the gorge, and is a scenic fast-flowing small river with recreational activities, especially fly fishing. A trestle carries the trail over the river in the gorge. There are few remnants of the former rail line along the trail, except for the occasional rotting railroad cross ties along the trail. There is a small section of track preserved in Califon and a small and rarely open museum dedicated to the rail line history is located in the preserved train station in the town center.", "id": "8728332" }, { "contents": "Monroe, Wisconsin\n\n\nto the city swimming pool; and Honey Creek Park, the site of a skate park. The city is the eastern starting point for the Cheese Country Trail, a 47-mile multi-purpose recreational path, and the Badger State Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian-only trail in summer and an ATV/snowmobile trail in winter. The \"Cheese Trail\" extends from Mineral Point to Monroe, while the Badger State Trail runs from the state line to Madison and connects to the Jane Addams Trail in Illinois. Both are former", "id": "17283013" }, { "contents": "Withlacoochee State Trail\n\n\nWithlacoochee State Trail is a long paved, multi-use, non-motorized rail trail in Florida located in Citrus, Hernando and Pasco counties. It follows along the Withlacoochee River and passes through the Withlacoochee State Forest. It is the longest paved rail trail in Florida. The original railroad line was formed sometime in the 1880s as the Inverness and Brooksville Railway. It connected with the Florida Northern Railroad in Citrus Springs and with the South Florida Railroad (SFR) in Dade City. In 1892, the Silver Springs, Ocala", "id": "16480832" }, { "contents": "Kal-Haven Trail\n\n\nthe parts within Kalamazoo County. The Van Buren-controlled portion previously required a trail pass, but as of 2011, the usage fee was dropped. The Kal-Haven Trail runs along the former route of the Kalamazoo and South Haven Railroad, as does a section of the Kalamazoo River Valley Trail. It traverses wooded areas, farmland and small towns. It is primarily used by hikers and bicyclists in the summer, and by snowmobilers in the winter. The trail is surfaced with crushed limestone. Horseback riding is allowed on", "id": "5253109" }, { "contents": "St. Johnsbury and Lamoille County Railroad\n\n\nfor a time. In 1978, local shippers took over the operation and it became the Lamoille Valley Railroad. In 1989, the line was leased to a Florida company and was operated by them until major flooding in 1995 and 1997 damaged the line so much that it was not profitable to repair the track. In 2002, the state of Vermont started converting the 96 mile route into a recreational trail and created the Lamoille Valley Rail Trail. Milepost 0: St. Johnsbury interchange with Maine Central Railroad and Canadian Pacific Railway. Milepost", "id": "688110" }, { "contents": "Cumberland Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nCumberland Valley Rail Trail (CVRT) is a National Recreation Trail rail trail that follows the former Cumberland Valley Railroad rail corridor for 9.5 miles, from Shippensburg to Newville, through the farmlands of western Cumberland County in south-central Pennsylvania. Historical significance The Cumberland Valley Railroad (CV) began service in the Cumberland Valley on the current CVRT corridor in 1837. In 1838 CV became the first railroad in the U.S. to offer overnight sleeping cars. Twenty years later, John Brown and his abolitionist compatriots traveled to Harpers Ferry on CV", "id": "19478189" }, { "contents": "Gainesville-Hawthorne State Trail\n\n\nGainesville-Hawthorne State Trail is a rail trail in Florida. It is protected as a long Florida State Park and runs from the City of Gainesville's Boulware Springs Water Works to the town of Hawthorne. It passes through the Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park and the Lochloosa Wildlife Management Area along a former Seaboard Coast Line Railroad line. The property was purchased by the state of Florida from CSX Transportation with money from the \"trails from rails\" program in late 1989. Activities include hiking, running, cycling, rollerblading, and", "id": "19673293" }, { "contents": "Summerset Trail\n\n\nThe Summerset Trail is a rail trail in Warren County in south-central Iowa in the United States. The trail is long and is paved with asphalt. It follows the route of an abandoned rail line between the cities of Carlisle at its northeastern end and Indianola at the southwest. The trail passes remnants of prairie, wetlands along the Middle River southwest of Carlisle, and woodlands north of Indianola. Trailheads are at Carlisle and Indianola, and at the trail's midpoint at Banner Lakes at Summerset State Park. The Carlisle trailhead", "id": "2470854" }, { "contents": "Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway\n\n\nwestern Washington lines remained in fairly heavy use until 1963. By 1970, most of the line was acquired by Burlington Northern Railway which filed to abandon the lines a year later in 1971. Seven years later, in 1978, the between Gas Works Park in Seattle and Tracy Owen Station in Kenmore was reopened as the Burke-Gilman Trail bike path and recreational rail trail, named after the leaders of the group that founded the railroad, Thomas Burke and Daniel Gilman. The bike path and rail trail has been extended along the", "id": "17373452" }, { "contents": "Spokane River Centennial Trail\n\n\nThe Spokane River Centennial Trail is a paved trail in Eastern Washington for alternate transportation and recreational use. It is managed by Washington State Parks as the Spokane River Centennial State Park Trail. The trail extends from Sontag Park in Nine Mile Falls, Washington to the Washington/Idaho border. It passes through the cities of Spokane, Washington, Spokane Valley, Washington, Liberty Lake, Washington and the unincorporated community of Spokane Bridge, before crossing under the Interstate 90 Spokane River Bridge—traveling through Kootenai County, Idaho for approximately —", "id": "4618637" }, { "contents": "Wallkill Valley Rail Trail\n\n\nThe Wallkill Valley Rail Trail is a rail trail and linear park that runs along the former Wallkill Valley Railroad rail corridor in Ulster County, New York. It stretches from Gardiner through New Paltz, Rosendale, and Ulster to the Kingston city line. The trail is separated from the Walden–Wallkill Rail Trail by two state prisons in Shawangunk, though there have been plans to bypass these facilities, and to connect the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail with other regional rail trails. The northern section of the trail forms part of the proposed", "id": "12405545" }, { "contents": "Folsom Lake State Recreation Area\n\n\nmonths when school is still in session, evenings and weekends are the times of highest lake activity. There are 95 miles of trail at Folsom Lake State Recreation Area. These trails are used by hiker, bicyclists, runners, and horseback riders. A portion of the Western States/ Pioneer Express Trail between Sacramento and Carson City, Nevada also runs through the park. A paved bicycle trail loops around Lake Natoma, linking to Beals Point and the American River Bike Trail. Native Americans of the Maidu or Nisenan tribe inhabited the land", "id": "20827159" }, { "contents": "Zim Smith Trail\n\n\nThe Zim Smith Trail is the main multi-use trail of a network of trails in Saratoga County, New York. Extending nine miles, it connects the towns of Halfmoon, Clifton Park, Round Lake Village, Malta and Ballston Spa. It is the only trail in New York state to be designated a national recreation trail by the U.S. Department of Interior and National Park Service. The trail starts at Oak Street in Ballston Spa and runs through Malta's Shenantaha Creek Park. From there the trail passes under Interstate 87,", "id": "12911745" }, { "contents": "Old Erie Path\n\n\nThe Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking. The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad", "id": "21704717" }, { "contents": "Goodhue Pioneer State Trail\n\n\nThe Goodhue Pioneer State Trail is a multi-use recreational rail trail in southeastern Minnesota, USA. The of trail currently exist in two segments, separated by a gap. The northern segment is a paved trail running from Red Wing, Minnesota, to the Hay Creek section of the Richard J. Dorer Memorial Hardwood State Forest near Hay Creek Township. The southern section is a natural-surface trail running northward from the Zumbrota Covered Bridge Park in Zumbrota, Minnesota. The trail corridor follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway segment that", "id": "13493095" }, { "contents": "Hank Aaron State Trail\n\n\nThe Hank Aaron State Trail is a 14-mile rail trail in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. The trail is named for former Milwaukee Braves and Milwaukee Brewers right fielder Hank Aaron, and was built on a former roadbed of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railway. The trail begins on the shore of Lake Michigan in Lakeshore State Park (). The trail travels west through Milwaukee, passing by the Harley-Davidson Museum, Potawatomi Hotel & Casino, Miller Park, and the Wisconsin State Fair Park. The trail ends", "id": "9082958" }, { "contents": "Clive Greenbelt Trail\n\n\nClive Greenbelt Trail is an urban recreational trail in Clive, Iowa and forms part of the Central Iowa Trails network. This very busy recreational trail runs through Polk and Dallas Counties in Iowa. It is a curvy, paved asphalt and concrete trail. The trail begins at 73rd Street and Walnut Creek at the Walmart in Windsor Heights. It meanders along the north bank of Walnut Creek for to Country Club Blvd. Between the Lake Country Club dam and 142nd Street, the trail is on the street near the northshore of Lake Country", "id": "5561819" }, { "contents": "Fort Fraser Trail\n\n\nThe Fort Fraser Trail is a paved multi-use path that runs from Bartow to Lakeland. It runs along a former Atlantic Coast Line Railroad line that once ran from Lakeland to Naples. The Southern terminus of the trail can be accessed from North Wilson Avenue in Bartow, immediately North of Tractor Supply Company. The Northern terminus is at the entrance to the Polk State College (Lakeland) campus in Lakeland. A paved extension of the trail runs to the Circle B Bar Reserve in Lakeland, a park run by Polk County", "id": "9622262" }, { "contents": "High Trestle Trail\n\n\nHigh Trestle Trail is a rail trail running from Ankeny to Woodward in central Iowa. The recreation trail opened on April 30, 2011. It is a paved recreational trail that runs through the Polk, Story, Boone, and Dallas counties. The trail's name is derived from a former 1913 bridge that spanned the Des Moines River between the towns of Madrid and Woodward. Conservation board directors and the Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation estimate that more than 3,000 people use this trail each week. The trail is a major component of a", "id": "10959275" }, { "contents": "Cannon Valley Trail\n\n\nThe Cannon Valley Trail is a paved rail trail that follows the Cannon River in southeast Minnesota. The trail follows an abandoned Chicago Great Western Railway corridor for between Cannon Falls, Minnesota and Red Wing, Minnesota. In the spring, summer, and fall months, the trail is open to hiking, biking, and inline skating. In the winter months, the trail is groomed for cross-country skiing. Local private citizens purchased the railroad roadbed for a recreational trail in 1983 following the C&NWs (the successor to the CGW", "id": "19411630" }, { "contents": "Dutchess Rail Trail\n\n\nwas double tracked, allowing for a simultaneous paved and packed dirt trail. In January 2012, a 1-mile stretch of property was purchased from CSX Transportation. An effort was made to develop this stretch of property in 2013, resulting in connections with Walkway Over the Hudson and the Hudson Valley Rail Trail. The railroad line was built in 1892 by the Central New England Railway; it was severed by a fire on the Poughkeepsie Bridge in 1974. Dutchess County originally purchased the Maybrook Line to build a limited access highway to Interstate 84", "id": "1685096" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]

[ { "contents": "1996 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1996 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 7, 1996, at The Dome at America's Center, then known as Trans World Dome, in St. Louis, Missouri. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 1st edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North Division. Texas won the contest 37–27, keyed by a daring 4th down conversion from their own 28-yard line with slightly more than 2 minutes left in the 4th quarter", "id": "13173671" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\noriginal championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the Big 12 South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The first championship game was held during the 1996 season in St. Louis. The 2009 and 2010 games were played at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Following the departures of Nebraska and Colorado to the Big Ten and Pac-12 respectively, the Big 12 Championship Game was discontinued. Following a NCAA rule change in 2015 which allows conferences with fewer than 12 members to hold a championship", "id": "5597497" }, { "contents": "2006 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2006 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 2, 2006, at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Nebraska Cornhuskers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. The Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers, 21-7. This was the first time the two teams had ever met in the Big 12 conference championship game. The Big 12 North representative was the Nebraska Cornhuskers. The team was coached by", "id": "10576658" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ngame took place in a home state of a Big 12 North team. Entering the game, designated \"home\" teams were 8–4 in Big 12 Championship Games. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the winners of the \"North\" and \"South\" divisions of the Big 12 Conference. The game was first played in 1996, when the conference was formed from the previous Big 8 plus four teams from the disbanded Southwest Conference. The championship game was somewhat modeled on the SEC format, which was the first conference in", "id": "6509167" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\ncollege football to have a conference championship game. Six Division I FBS conferences currently have championship games—the ACC, Big Ten, C-USA, MAC, Pac-12, and SEC. However, the Big 12 title game ended after the 2010 edition. A major conference realignment that started in 2010 and carried over into 2011 saw the Big 12 drop to 10 members, below the 12 required by NCAA rules for a conference championship game. The same realignment saw the Big Ten and former Pac-10 expand to 12 teams each;", "id": "6509168" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2009 Dr Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 5, 2009 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference squared off in the 14th edition of the game. The Texas Longhorns represented the South Division and the Nebraska Cornhuskers represented the North. Texas won 13–12 on a last second field goal by placekicker Hunter Lawrence. On the play immediately prior to Lawrence's field goal, as the game clock ticked down Texas quarterback Colt McCoy rolled far to the right, with Nebraska's", "id": "12246844" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nwas played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue. The 2008", "id": "19707640" }, { "contents": "2008 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n86.2% of their passes even if playing unopposed. The championship game matched the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Texas won the 2005 Big12 Championship 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. Texas earned its second Big 12 football championship to make 27 conference championships total, including", "id": "2276466" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big 12 Championship Game is a college football game held by the Big 12 Conference. The game was played each year since the conference's formation in 1996 until 2010 and returned during the 2017 season. From 1996 to 2010 the championship game pitted the Big 12 North Division champion against the South Division champion in a game held after the regular season was completed. From 2017 onward, the game features the two teams with the best conference records. The Big 12 South led the series 11–4 and outscored the Big 12 North 463–324", "id": "19707638" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Texas football rivalry\n\n\nThe Nebraska–Texas football rivalry was an American college football rivalry between the Nebraska Cornhuskers and Texas Longhorns. The rivalry dissolved when Nebraska left the Big 12 Conference for the Big Ten Conference. Due to Colorado, Missouri, Nebraska, and Texas A&M leaving the conference, the Big 12 Championship Game dissolved due to a lack of teams in the conference. The last ever Big 12 Championship game was played between Nebraska and Oklahoma in 2010. The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the", "id": "12291813" }, { "contents": "2005 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nThe SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the \"Eastern\" and \"Western\" divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. By 2005, four other conferences had conference championship games (Big 12, ACC, CUSA & MAC). The battle for the SEC East was a three-way battle for the", "id": "20569739" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2010 Big 12 Championship Game was played at 7:00 p.m. on Saturday, December 4, 2010, at AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, in Arlington, Texas to determine the 2010 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. At that time, it was the final championship game for the conference as two members of the Big 12 had announced their intentions to leave the conference. The South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska 23-20 to win the final", "id": "20335320" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nfirst time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Now with the Big 12 having one division, the game is played between the two teams with the best conference records. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, the South Division was represented by Oklahoma and the North Division was represented by Nebraska. Oklahoma defeated Nebraska, 23–20, to claim their seventh Big 12 title. The 2010–13 realignment of", "id": "5763678" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nwill impact the overall strength of the Conference.\" The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska. It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed. Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.", "id": "1619644" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nand resulted in a season that ended with a note of disappointment. After the last-second, one-point loss to Texas in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the squad looked forward to a chance to avenge the loss against the Longhorns and to return to the league title game for the final Big 12 conference championship. The 2010 Big 12 Championship game was the last league title game for the foreseeable future, as the departure of Nebraska and Colorado from the league dropped the number of members to ten, which is", "id": "12507021" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nboth Nebraska and Colorado left the Big 12 for the Big Ten and Pac-10 respectively. Then in 2011 it was announced that Texas A&M and Missouri would both be leaving for the SEC. As replacements TCU and West Virginia would be joining the conference from the Mountain West and Big East respectively. From the time the league was formed until realignment, the conference was split into two, six team, divisions. Teams played a total of 11 regular season games, three non-conference match-ups and eight conference games per season", "id": "5597493" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nNorth Division in the Big 12 Championship Game. After the departure of Nebraska and Colorado, both the divisional format and the Championship Game were dropped. Members continue to play three non-conference opponents in addition to playing all nine other members of the conference on an annual basis. Starting again in 2017 the Championship Game was reinstated, the two teams with the highest conference winning percentage play in the game. In its 22 year history, the Big 12 championship has been won by nine different schools, three of which no longer", "id": "5597495" }, { "contents": "2014 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\ngames each against the ACC, Big Ten, Big 12 and Mountain West Conferences. For the fourth consecutive year, the Pac-12, often considered to be the second best Division I FBS (formerly Division I-A) football conference, will not play a bowl game against what many consider to be the best conference, the SEC. The last time that teams from the Pac-12 and SEC met in the post-season was the 2011 BCS National Championship Game when Auburn defeated Oregon for the national championship. The only hope for", "id": "17888624" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nplayed at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma", "id": "19707642" }, { "contents": "2018 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nto December 1st due to poor air quality from wildfires in the Bay Area. The championship game will played on Friday November 30, 2018. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North (Washington) and the South (Utah). This will be the eighth championship game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC) that the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. Although the NCAA does not", "id": "11136478" }, { "contents": "2009 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nSan Antonio, Texas. Texas is now 3–2 in the conference title game; Nebraska fell to 2–3. Texas is second in Big 12 Championship titles to Oklahoma, who own 7 conference titles. Per Big 12 policy, Nebraska was declared the home team because the game took place in a home state of four Big 12 South teams. Designated \"home\" teams are 9–5 in Big 12 Championship Games. The South Division has won 6 years in a row and is 10–4 overall. The Big 12 Championship Game matched up the", "id": "12246847" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe North Division with the four other Midwest schools in the conference, plus Colorado, all of which were in the conference prior to 1996; the Oklahoma schools joined with the former SWC members (all of which were in Texas) to form the South Division. Nebraska participated in the very first Big 12 Championship Game by winning the North Division. They were upset by the unranked winners of the South Division, Texas. They still played in an Alliance bowl, the Orange Bowl, where they beat Virginia Tech. br The", "id": "22116662" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nThe volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play. All-Time Big 12 Championships By School Through June 12th, 2019. Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14. From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season.", "id": "1619640" }, { "contents": "2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2010 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. They were members of the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. It was Nebraska's 102nd and last season in the Big 12 (including years in the MVIAA/Big Eight) as they began competing in the Big Ten Conference in 2011. The Cornhuskers finished the season 10–4, 6–2 in the Big 12", "id": "12506990" }, { "contents": "2008 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nwhen the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have conference championship games (ACC, BIG 10, BIG 12, CUSA, MAC, MWC & Pac-12). Alabama entered Nick Saban's second year as head coach with an AP preseason ranking of 24. After finishing the 2007 season 7–6, including a win in the Independence Bowl, the Crimson Tide brought in one of", "id": "17800115" }, { "contents": "1998 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 1998 Big 12 Championship Game was played on December 5, 1998, at The Trans World Dome in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The game determined the 1998 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Texas A&M Aggies, winners of the South Division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 36–33 in double overtime. This would be the only time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas A&M would not win", "id": "17179727" }, { "contents": "Mark Hittner\n\n\nsecond-leading career passer in yards (4,830). Hittner was a college football official in the Big Eight/Big 12 Conference for 13 years prior to joining the NFL in 1997. He worked the first Big 12 championship game at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis in 1996, won by the Texas Longhorns over the Nebraska Cornhuskers, 37-27. In the NFL, Hittner has officiated eight post-season assignments including Super Bowls XXXVI, XXXVIII, and XL, in addition to two wild-card, one", "id": "21807432" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nseason play, and, as there were only 11 member schools, there was no possibility for a conference championship game because, at the time, the NCAA required (for holding a conference championship game) that the conference have 12 teams with two divisions. In 2010, the Big Ten Conference added the University of Nebraska, bringing the membership total to 12 teams. Thus, the conference was able to meet NCAA requirements. On August 5, 2010 Big Ten Conference Commissioner James Delany announced Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis had been", "id": "7564405" }, { "contents": "SEC Championship Game\n\n\nSouth Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions. The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016 the game was played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the", "id": "2289238" }, { "contents": "2009–10 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nschool with a record of 6–6 in regular season play is eligible only if conferences cannot fill out available positions for bowl games with teams possessing seven (or more) wins (excluding games played in Hawaii and conference championship games in the ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas", "id": "14613626" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nfour Texas schools. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions in most sports. The Oklahoma and Texas schools formed the South Division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight formed the North Division. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012. The Big 12", "id": "1619620" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\nthe ACC, Big 12, Conference USA, Mid-American Conference and the SEC). An example was in 2008 when the Big Ten, the Big 12 and SEC each had two teams selected for the Bowl Championship Series games – Ohio State and Penn State from the Big Ten, Texas and Oklahoma from the Big 12 and Alabama and Florida from the SEC. With each conference sending two teams to the BCS, these three conferences forfeited several bowl game slots due to a lack of teams with a winning record. This", "id": "20293688" }, { "contents": "2009 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nprovided Texas won in the Big 12 Championship Game versus the north division champion Nebraska Cornhuskers. Entering the 2009 contest, the SEC East was 11–6 in SEC Championship games, with the Florida Gators accounting for seven of the eleven victories. Before the 2009 game, Alabama represented the SEC West six times in the conference championship game, compiling a 2–4 record, and had faced the Gators in all six of their previous SEC Championship game appearances. This was the first and so far the only time any conference championship game had featured two", "id": "4506113" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\nthe largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska", "id": "15025032" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference football\n\n\nbelong to the conference. From its formation in 1996 until 2010, the championship was determined in the Big 12 championship game. Following the departures of two schools in 2010, the conference discontinued the championship game in favor of a round-robin format to determine the champion. The current Big 12 champion is the University of Oklahoma Sooners who have won the most championships with 12. The Big 12 Championship Game was first held by the Big 12 Conference each year since 1996 until 2010 and again starting with the 2017 season. The", "id": "5597496" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Conference\n\n\nIn 2016, the Big Ten no longer allowed its members to play Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) teams and also requires at least one non-conference game against a school in the Power Five conferences (ACC, Big 12, Pac-12, SEC). Contracts for future games already scheduled against FCS teams would be honored. However, in 2017, the Big Ten started to allow teams to schedule an FCS opponent during years in which they only have four conference home games (odd-numbered years for East division teams,", "id": "1619491" }, { "contents": "2000 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2000 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 2, 2000 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2000 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, narrowly beat the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 27-24. This was the first time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game, as they would meet again in the 2003 edition. The Wildcats were", "id": "16899561" }, { "contents": "2007 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2007 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 1, 2007 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas, and pit the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, winner of the South division. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 North Champion was declared the home team this year because the game is scheduled to take place in a home state of a Big 12 South team. Designated \"home\" teams previously were 8–3 in", "id": "10576570" }, { "contents": "1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Frank Solich and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. Nebraska won its 43rd and final Big 12 championship (including titles in the MVIAA/Big Eight) this season by winning the over Texas. Nebraska failed to win a single conference title in its final 11 years in the Big 12 before moving to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. As of", "id": "15492982" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nA&M (2010) 2011 – 2016 When Nebraska and Colorado left the conference after the 2010 season, it left the conference with only 10 members. The conference did not replace the two teams and therefore eliminated the Big 12 Championship game. Under the new format, which remained in place through the 2016 season, every team played each other and the team with the best conference record won the Big 12 title. In the event of a tie between two teams or more teams for the best conference record, then they were determined", "id": "10900027" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\nteams had met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and 1999, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the South Division four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Oklahoma had the most appearances in the championship game (5) and conference titles (4) of any team in the Big 12. Nebraska", "id": "9799748" }, { "contents": "1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 1996 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was coached by Tom Osborne and played their home games in Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This was the first season for Nebraska in the Big 12 Conference, which took on that name after adding four schools from the disbanded Southwest Conference; the conference had been known as the Big Eight Conference since 1964, and was the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association before that. Nebraska was placed in", "id": "22116661" }, { "contents": "Power Five conferences\n\n\n-USA. College football underwent another major conference realignment from 2010 to 2014, as the Big Ten and Pac-10 sought to become large enough to stage championship games. Members of the original Big East left the conference to join the Big 12, Big Ten, and ACC. The Big 12 lost members to the SEC, the Pac-12, and the Big Ten, while the Big Ten also gained one former ACC member. The remaining members of the Big East split into two conferences: the American Athletic Conference (The American)", "id": "581203" }, { "contents": "2010–12 Southeastern Conference realignment\n\n\nconference championship game in Division I-A football. The SEC had also considered adding Texas, Texas A&M, Florida State, and Miami. Neither the 1996 nor the 2005 conference realignments affected the SEC, as the conference neither gained nor lost members during either event, although once again Texas and Texas A&M were considered as members in 1996 after the dissolution of the Southwest Conference, before both joining the newly formed Big 12 Conference. The next wave of realignment began in 2010, after both the Big Ten Conference and Pacific-10 Conference", "id": "19358390" }, { "contents": "2018 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2018 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 86th season of SEC football taking place during the 2018 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 30 and will end with the SEC Championship Game, between Alabama and Georgia, on December 1. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2018 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven", "id": "10516730" }, { "contents": "2019 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2019 Southeastern Conference football season represents the 87th season of SEC football taking place during the 2019 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season will begin on August 29, 2019 and will end with the 2019 SEC Championship Game on December 7, 2019. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. For the 2019 season the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each,", "id": "13679985" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\n1903 that the two teams played twice in the same season and the first time since 1929 that a game between the two was not played in the Cotton Bowl. The game was televised nationally by ABC. The game also broke the Conference Championship attendance record, breaking the record previously held by the 1992 SEC Championship Game. This was the second time since 2010 that the conference champion was determined in a championship game. Formerly the Big 12 Championship Game was played between the champions of the North Division and the South Division. Without", "id": "2153430" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthe sidelines for the first time since going to the NFL and he went to the Longhorn locker room afterwards to congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. There had been media speculation that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This possibility was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"", "id": "10863118" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nThe Big 12 Conference sponsors championships in 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. The first conference championship awarded was the 1996 softball postseason tournament championship, which was won by Oklahoma. From 2011 through 2016, the football champion was decided by regular-season play. Previously divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game for the Big 12 title. Following changes in NCAA rules, the Big", "id": "10900023" }, { "contents": "2006 Oklahoma Sooners football team\n\n\ndrive in Big 12 Championship history. With 8:53 left in the game, Nebraska threw what was almost a touchdown pass, but Nic Harris made a diving catch to intercept the ball in the end-zone for a touchback. Neither team scored in the fourth quarter, so Oklahoma won the game 21–7. It was their fourth Big 12 Conference football championship, which was the most for any team in the conference (Nebraska and Texas each had two). Since Oklahoma won the Big 12 Championship game, they represented the Big", "id": "9799751" }, { "contents": "2017 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n. The conference had ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a ten-team league, the Big 12 will played a nine-game, round-robin conference schedule. Each member will played three non-conference games–one of was required to", "id": "10238315" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\nthe two teams played in the same division of the Big 12, a loss by Texas to Oklahoma means that Texas could not win the south half of the conference unless Oklahoma lost at least two conference games. Brown did however lead the University of Texas to its second Big 12 Conference Championship game only to lose to a higher ranked Nebraska team which they had beaten earlier in the year. He also took the Longhorns to the 2001 Big 12 title game. In that year's campaign, the Longhorns lost to the Sooners but", "id": "18231215" }, { "contents": "Big 12 Conference\n\n\nand a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule. Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a \"home and away\" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until", "id": "1619649" }, { "contents": "The Dome at America's Center\n\n\nFour. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the Dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The Dome has also been a neutral site for regular-season college football match ups between the University of Illinois and the University of Missouri, promoted locally as the \"Arch Rivalry\". Missouri has won all six games (2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 & 2010).", "id": "7717540" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nto congratulate the team on the win. Representatives from the Fiesta Bowl, the game that normally takes the Big 12 Conference champion, were also on hand. The media had speculated that Nebraska and Texas would win their respective conference divisions to play again in the Big 12 Conference Championship. This was echoed in post-game interviews as both teams voiced respect for the other. Texas coach Mack Brown said, \"Nebraska is back, For them to keep coming back and back and back – they made big plays throughout the game", "id": "14260947" }, { "contents": "1996 Orange Bowl (December)\n\n\nthe first year of the college football playoffs. The Nebraska Cornhuskers began the 1996 season having won the national championship in both 1994 and 1995. Though Nebraska was now a member of a new conference—the former Big Eight Conference had been merged with four Texas schools to become the Big 12—it was widely expected that Nebraska would repeat the performance for a third time in 1996. Nebraska was ranked No. 1 in the Associated Press preseason poll, and lived up to the ranking in its first game of the season. On September", "id": "19926037" }, { "contents": "2003 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2003 Big 12 Football Championship Game was played on December 6, 2003 in Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. The game determined the 2003 football champion of the Big 12 Conference. The Oklahoma Sooners, winners of the South division of the Big 12, were upset by the Kansas State Wildcats, who won the North division, by a score of 35–7. This was the second time the two teams met in the Big 12 Championship Game. The first was the 2000 Big 12 Championship Game, a game in which", "id": "13674685" }, { "contents": "2019 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nregular season will begin on August 24, 2019, and will end on November 30, 2019. The Pac-12 Championship Game will be played on December 6, 2019 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, CA. It will feature the teams with the best conference records from each division, the North and the South. This will be the ninth championship game. 2019–2020 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and", "id": "17090385" }, { "contents": "2016 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nto its current form. The conference has ten members: Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Kansas State, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State, TCU, Texas, Texas Tech and West Virginia. The Big 12 is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format, along with the ACC, the Big Ten, the Pac-12 and the SEC. As a 10-team league, the Big 12 will play a 9-game, round-robin conference schedule and each member will play 3 non-conference games–one of which must be", "id": "14048412" }, { "contents": "Nebraska–Oklahoma football rivalry\n\n\nboth teams won their respective divisions in 2010, they met in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game. Following the 2010 season, Nebraska left the Big 12 for the Big Ten Conference. As a result, the 2009 meeting turned out to be the last regular-season scheduled meeting. Nebraska's departure left the future of the rivalry in doubt. The two teams have agreed to play a home-and-home non-conference series scheduled for 2021 in Norman (to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the 1971 classic) and", "id": "18474367" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nThe 2008 Dr. Pepper Big 12 Championship Game was held on December 6, 2008 at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, and pitted two of the divisional winners from the Big 12 Conference: the Missouri Tigers, winner of the North division against the Oklahoma Sooners, co-champion of the South division. Kickoff was scheduled for 8PM EST/5pm PST, and was televised by ABC as part of its \"Saturday Night Football\" package. Per Big 12 policy, the Big 12 South Champion was declared the home team because the", "id": "6509166" }, { "contents": "2017 Southeastern Conference football season\n\n\nThe 2017 Southeastern Conference football season was the 85th season of SEC football and took place during the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The season began on August 31 and will end with the 2017 SEC Championship Game on December 2. The SEC is a Power Five conference under the College Football Playoff format along with the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big 12 Conference, the Big Ten Conference, and the Pac–12 Conference. For the 2017 season, the SEC has 14 teams divided into two divisions of seven each, named East", "id": "10646564" }, { "contents": "Bo Pelini\n\n\n12 title before departing to the Big Ten Conference in 2011. Following disappointing losses to both the Texas Longhorns and Texas A&M Aggies, the Cornhuskers dropped to #15 in the AP poll going into the final week of the regular season therefore eliminating any realistic hopes of a national championship in 2010. Nebraska proceeded to beat the Colorado Buffaloes in the final regular game of the season, clinching the Big 12 North title. In the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, Nebraska committed four turnovers and blew a 17–0 second quarter lead on the", "id": "18742327" }, { "contents": "2008 Big 12 Conference South Division 3-way tie controversy\n\n\nThe final standings of the 2008 Big 12 Conference's South Division football regular season resulted in the first 3-way division tie in the Big 12. The decision of which team would be selected to represent the division in the 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was controversial. Ultimately, the Oklahoma Sooners were chosen by their higher ranking in the polls, over the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Red Raiders. The game against the 2008 Oklahoma Sooners football team marked the 103rd meeting of the Red River Rivalry, which has been called one of the", "id": "19929144" }, { "contents": "Nebraska Cornhuskers football\n\n\n12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas. Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No", "id": "15024992" }, { "contents": "2006 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nNebraska and has a two-game winning streak; Callahan has never beaten Oklahoma. This is the first time the two teams have met in the Big 12 Championship Game to determine the Big 12 Conference champion. Nebraska played in the championship game three of the first four years, winning in 1997 and '99, but had not made it back since. Oklahoma missed the first four games but represented the south four of the next six years, topping the conference in 2000, '02, and '04. Oklahoma has", "id": "10863122" }, { "contents": "2010 Big 12 Championship Game\n\n\nBig 12 Championship and claim their seventh Big 12 Title. It was Oklahoma's eighth appearance in the game. From 2009 through 2013, the Big 12 Championship Game was scheduled to be played at the venue now known as AT&T Stadium. During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences in 2011. Because then-current NCAA rules required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from the organization's limits on regular-", "id": "20335321" }, { "contents": "2019 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\n–team league, the Big 12 will play a nine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games – one of which must be against Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and the regular-season runner-up. The 2019 Big 12 Championship Game will be held on Saturday December 7, 2019. The Big 12 media days will be held on July 15-16 in Frisco, Texas", "id": "16704825" }, { "contents": "1995 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nthree straight undefeated regular seasons. Nebraska ended the regular season averaging 52.4 points per game, which set an all-time school record and a modern-era college football record. It was the final conference football game for the Big Eight Conference, whose members would join with four members of the Southwest Conference to form the Big 12 the next season. Entering the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, Nebraska had won 24 consecutive games, but some (including Sports Illustrated in their 12/26/1995 issue) still picked Florida to win the game due to", "id": "17701022" }, { "contents": "2010–11 NCAA football bowl games\n\n\ngame following the 2010 contest at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, in which Oklahoma defeated departing member Nebraska. Starting in 2011, championship games in both the Big Ten (at Lucas Oil Stadium) and the Pac-12 (at the home stadium of the school with the best conference record) will decide which team will represent their conferences in the Rose Bowl Game. The next conference movements came on November 11, when the WAC added two new football members in Texas State and UTSA, both FCS schools from the Southland Conference.", "id": "20293703" }, { "contents": "2017 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nand is also a rematch of the 2015 Pac-12 Football Championship Game, the first rematch in the history of the Pac-12 Football Championship Game. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12, Notre Dame and SEC), Although not all consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the Pac-12 considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The Pac-12 plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the current AP Poll at the time of", "id": "12425645" }, { "contents": "Colorado–Nebraska football rivalry\n\n\n2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment, when both teams left the Big 12 before the 2011 season. Colorado joined the Pac-12 Conference; Nebraska went to the Big Ten Conference. Both now meet division and border rivals in opposite directions. Nebraska now faces Iowa on the Friday after Thanksgiving; Colorado plays Utah the same day. On February 7, 2013, Colorado and Nebraska announced that they agreed to renew the series. The series was renewed on September 8th 2018 in Lincoln with a 33-28 Colorado victory. The next game will take", "id": "12319030" }, { "contents": "2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team\n\n\nThe 2011 Nebraska Cornhuskers football team represented the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The Cornhuskers were coached by Bo Pelini and played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lincoln, Nebraska. This season was Nebraska's first in the Big Ten Conference in the Legends Division as they moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Big Ten following the conclusion of the 2010 season. They finished the season 9–4, 5–3 in Big Ten play to finish in third place in the Legends Division. They", "id": "7629167" }, { "contents": "Comparisons between the National Football League and NCAA football\n\n\nas \"The Play\". Saint Louis University (SLU) plays NCAA Division I sports as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. SLU dropped football as an intercollegiate sport in 1949, but SLU is best known for its men's basketball and men's soccer programs. The Edward Jones Dome hosted the first Big 12 Conference football championship game in 1996 (Nebraska versus Texas). The third game, in 1998, was also held in the dome (Kansas State versus Texas A&M). The dome has also been a", "id": "14150036" }, { "contents": "1996 NCAA Division I-A football season\n\n\nnational champion. Reading the writing on the wall, they would soon join the national championship series with the other major conferences. The Big 12 (Big 8 + 4 SWC members in Texas, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and Baylor) would begin play as a two division conference, with Oklahoma and Oklahoma State joining the South Division, breaking up the classic Nebraska–Oklahoma rivalry, but renewing the Texas-Oklahoma rivalry, known as the Red River Shootout. The first football game in conference play was between Texas Tech", "id": "18056704" }, { "contents": "2006 SEC Championship Game\n\n\nthat if a conference has twelve or more teams, an extra conference game (13th game of the season) may be played as a championship game to determine the conference champion. The SEC Championship Game matches up the winner of the Eastern and Western divisions of the Southeastern Conference. The game was first played in 1992, when the conference expanded from 10 to 12 teams with the addition of Arkansas and South Carolina. The SEC was the first conference in college football to have a conference championship game. Seven other conferences currently have", "id": "10080083" }, { "contents": "2019 Colorado Buffaloes football team\n\n\nagainst in-state rival Colorado State in Denver. The Buffaloes will then play two more non-conference games at home, first against traditional Big Eight Conference rival Nebraska, now a member of the Big Ten Conference, and then against in-state foe Air Force, a member of the Mountain West Conference along with Colorado State. In Pac-12 Conference play, Colorado will play the other members of the South Division and draws Oregon, Stanford, Washington, and Washington State from the North Division. They will not play California", "id": "4332735" }, { "contents": "History of the Big 12 Conference\n\n\nformed in 1994 from a merger of one of the oldest conferences, the Big Eight, with four prominent colleges from Texas that had been members of the Southwest Conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Two charter members left the conference in 2011, and in 2012, two more left, while another two joined from other conferences. In 2012, the Big 12 formed an alliance with the Southeastern Conference to host a joint post-season college bowl game between the champions of each conference", "id": "6242045" }, { "contents": "2017 Atlantic Coast Conference football season\n\n\nthe ACC Football Kickoff. ACC Championship Votes Atlantic Division Coastal Division Source: \"Note:\" Stats shown are before the beginning of the season † denotes Homecoming game This is a list of the power conference teams (Big 10, Big 12, Pac-12, Notre Dame and SEC). Although the NCAA does not consider BYU a \"Power Five\" school, the ACC considers games against BYU as satisfying its \"Power Five\" scheduling requirement. The ACC plays in the non-conference games. All rankings are from the", "id": "10705801" }, { "contents": "Texas–Texas Tech football rivalry\n\n\nand engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo. The first meeting took place in 1928, which Texas won 12–0. The Longhorns and Red Raiders only faced each other nine times until 1960. Since 1960, both teams have played annually as members of the Southwest Conference through 1995 and from 1996 as charter members of the Big 12 Conference. The 2008 game was one of three games that led to a 3-way tie controversy in the Big 12 Conference South Division. Texas leads the series 50–16; the", "id": "5225999" }, { "contents": "2009 Holiday Bowl\n\n\n. In 2003, Big 12 representative Texas was knocked off by Pac-10 representative Washington State, led by Matt Kegel. The Wildcats drew the bid the day they wrapped up an 8-4 season with a 21–17 victory at USC, a win that gave Arizona a share of second place (along with Oregon State and Stanford) in the Pac-10 with a 6–3 conference record. Nebraska lost a 13–12 heartbreaker to Texas in the Big 12 Championship Game. The Cornhuskers won the conference's North Division with a 6–2 record. The 1998", "id": "11306309" }, { "contents": "1999 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nThe 1999 Texas Longhorns football team represented the University of Texas at Austin during the 1999 NCAA Division I-A football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas. The team was coached by head coach Mack Brown. The Longhorns finished the regular season with a 9–3 record and won the Big 12 South Championship. During the regular season, Texas upset #3 Nebraska in Austin, Texas. However,", "id": "11640910" }, { "contents": "Oklahoma Sooners football\n\n\nMarquee victories for the Sooners in 2010 were against Florida State, Texas, Oklahoma State and Nebraska. The Bedlam match-up between the Sooners and Cowboys proved to be the decisive game in who would represent the Big 12 South in the conference championship game. The Sooners defeated the Cowboys in a high scoring affair 47–41. The Sooners went on to win the Big 12 Championship game 23–20, the final match between conference rival Nebraska. After the 2010 season, offensive coordinator Kevin Wilson left OU to become head coach at Indiana,", "id": "8893531" }, { "contents": "2007 ACC Championship Game\n\n\nand a 30–16 Virginia Tech win. With the victory, the Hokies earned their second Atlantic Coast Conference football championship in four years and their first Orange Bowl bid since 1996. The ACC Championship Game matches the winner of the Coastal and Atlantic Divisions of the Atlantic Coast Conference. A conference championship game was added in 2005, as a result of the league's expansion the previous year, adding former Big East members Miami, Virginia Tech, and Boston College. With the addition of Boston College, the ACC consisted of 12 teams", "id": "15048272" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football\n\n\ntitles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games. † Co-champions At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 69 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons) ^ The", "id": "6604634" }, { "contents": "List of Big 12 Conference champions\n\n\nBig 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12. All Big 12 schools sponsor men's cross country except West Virginia. Kansas State discontinued its equestrian team after the 2016 season. br Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010, 2017–present) Note: While the team playing in the championship game from 1996 through 2010 was popularly regarded as the", "id": "10900025" }, { "contents": "2016 Pac-12 Conference football season\n\n\nThis was the sixth championship game (and the sixth win for the North), with both Washington and Colorado appearing for the first time. This is a list of the power conference teams (ACC, Big 10, Big 12 and SEC along with independents Notre Dame and BYU) the Pac-12 plays in the non-conference (\"Rankings from the AP Poll\"): 2016 records against non-conference foes: Regular Season Post Season \"* Rankings based on CFP rankings, Pac-12 team is bolded\" Selection of teams", "id": "19853462" }, { "contents": "2006 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\n, QB Hays McEachern and WR Fred Strong. McEachern's father was the Texas quarterback in 1977 and 1978 and his mother was a Longhorn cheerleader. With the two teams in the south division of the same conference, it is difficult for either team to win their half of the conference without winning this game although this did occur in the 2006 season. The winner of the game has a much greater chance to be the Big 12 South division champion and play in the Big 12 Championship Game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City.", "id": "14260923" }, { "contents": "Pac-12 Football Championship Game\n\n\nColorado and Utah, bringing the membership total to 12 teams and becoming the Pac-12. Consequently, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created an annual conference championship game. In the first season of the newly expanded Pac-12 in 2011, USC finished first in the South Division with a 7–2 conference record but was ineligible to play in postseason games due to NCAA sanctions. UCLA (5–4) represented the South Division in the inaugural Pac-12 Football Championship Game as its second-place team. Oregon represented the North Division and", "id": "491657" }, { "contents": "2005 Texas Longhorns football team\n\n\nseason has been completed. Despite losing the last two games of the regular season, Colorado retained the best record in the North Division of the Big 12 Conference. Prior to the game, Colorado head coach Gary Barnett said, \"I do not think anybody expects us to come in here and beat Texas.\" His team lost the game 70–3, the most lopsided score in any college football conference championship to date. The Longhorns scored ten touchdowns in their first eleven possessions. They started with first-quarter touchdowns by Henry", "id": "15031540" }, { "contents": "List of NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games\n\n\nThe following is a list of conference championship games in NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) college football. With the Sun Belt Conference holding its first championship game in 2018, all 10 active FBS conferences now have championship games. Before the 2016 season, the NCAA required that a conference have a minimum of 12 teams before it could host a football championship game that did not count against the organization's current limit of 12 regular-season games. This prevented the Big 12 Conference and Sun Belt Conference from hosting championship", "id": "10400248" }, { "contents": "2018 Big 12 Conference football season\n\n\nnine-game round-robin conference schedule and each member will play three non-conference games-one of which must be against another Power Five conference foe. The regular season will be followed by a conference championship game played between the regular-season champion and regular-season runner-up. The 2018 Big 12 Championship Game was held on Saturday, December 1, 2018. Oklahoma defeated Texas 39–27 to win their 12th Big 12 Championship. The 2018 Big12 Preseason media poll was announced on July 12, 2018 prior to", "id": "13800045" }, { "contents": "AT&T Stadium\n\n\nthe West. AT&T Stadium, then known as Cowboys Stadium, was the site of the 2009 and 2010 Big 12 Championship Games, the last two held prior to the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment. On December 5, 2009, the Texas Longhorns defeated the Nebraska Cornhuskers 13–12 in the 2009 Big 12 Championship Game, the first to be held in the stadium with attendance announced at 76,211. The following year, on December 4, 2010, the Oklahoma Sooners and Nebraska Cornhuskers rekindled their rivalry as the Sooners won 23–20 in the", "id": "16958145" }, { "contents": "Superconference\n\n\nBaylor). Following the example of the SEC, the Big 12 established two divisions of six teams and its own football championship game, becoming the second Automatic Qualifying (AQ) conference to do so. According to Blair Kerkhoff of \"The Kansas City Star\", the Big 12 was the first conference to be established primarily for the purpose of securing lucrative media contracts, as it strategically combined the television markets represented by Texas and the Big Eight states (which each accounted for about seven percent of the national market in 1996", "id": "13540964" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns men's basketball\n\n\nplayed since joining the Big 12. The Longhorns hold the advantage against every opponent in the last five games played and all opponents but Arkansas in the last ten games played against each respective opponent. With the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996, the Oklahoma Sooners became the Longhorns' main rival in basketball. Texas and Oklahoma are not traditional rivals in any sport other than football, due to their prior residence in different conferences (UT in the Southwest Conference and OU in the Big Eight Conference); nonetheless, the", "id": "9532472" }, { "contents": "Texas Longhorns football under Mack Brown\n\n\noverall, and are 82-22 in Big 12 Conference play. These standings reflect the Longhorns' membership of the Big 12 South Division from 1998–2010, and of the Big 12 Conference from 2011–present. The Longhorns are 9-4 in bowl games under Brown and have been bowl-eligible for 13 of 14 seasons during his tenure, including 12 straight years from 1998–2009. Additionally, Brown's Horns have won the Big 12 South division title six times, the Big 12 Conference title twice (2005, 2009), and", "id": "18231246" }, { "contents": "2012 Rose Bowl\n\n\nPac-12 and Big Ten conference championship games, unless one team (or both teams) play in the BCS National Championship game. The teams were officially selected by the football committee of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association on Selection Sunday on December 4, 2011. The Oregon Ducks, winners of the Pac-12 Championship game, represented the Pac-12 Conference, while the Wisconsin Badgers represented the Big Ten after winning the Big Ten Championship Game. Entering the game, the Badgers lead the series 3–1 over the Ducks, winning in 1977, 1978", "id": "21095021" }, { "contents": "2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment\n\n\nand Texas Tech) turned down offers from the Pac-10 to form a 16-team \"superconference\". The Big 12 was forced to discontinue its football championship game after membership fell below twelve, the minimum number of schools then required to hold such a game. Two more schools departed in 2012 when Texas A&M and Missouri left to join the Southeastern Conference. The Big 12 responded by adding TCU of the Mountain West (formerly committed to join the Big East) and West Virginia of the Big East to keep conference membership at 10 schools", "id": "17150275" }, { "contents": "2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team\n\n\nThe 2010–11 Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represented the University of Texas in the 2010–11 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Their head coach was Rick Barnes, who was in his 13th year. The team played its home games at the Frank Erwin Center in Austin, Texas and are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 28–8, 13–3 in Big 12 play and lost in the championship game of the 2011 Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament to Kansas. They received an at-large bid in the", "id": "13372356" }, { "contents": "Big Ten Football Championship Game\n\n\nThe Big Ten Football Championship Game is a college football game that is held by the Big Ten Conference each year since 2011 to determine the conference's season champion. The championship game will pit the division champions from the conference's West and East divisions in a game held after the regular season has been completed. The game is held the first Saturday of December at 8 PM Eastern. The winner of this game will earn the Big Ten's automatic berth in the Rose Bowl Game, unless the team is selected to play in", "id": "7564403" } ]