which is the treaty that created the Flathead Reservation in North West Montana, it's about a million and a quarter acres, was signed on 1855 by representatives of the US as well as the tribes that were party to the treaty. The treaty gave them the rights to that land, but it also included an unusual line which has become very important that was not included in any of the other treaties that the US government negotiated with the state of Montana. This line is from Article 3, the exclusive right of taking fish and all the streams running through or bordering said reservation is further secure to set Indians, as also the right of taking fish at all usual and accustomed places in common with citizens of the territory. So this provision maintained that the tribes had the rights to use water that passed through some of the lands that they conceded, the part that says the right of taking fish at all usual and accustomed places. This is the basis of what I've become to be known as the tribes off-reservation water rights. And we'll talk about what those are and how those became contentious. As was often the case with treaties of Native tribes, the US government violated the spirit and the letter of the Hellgate Treaty within a number of decades. The kind of general history that pertains to a lot of the, you know, all the Native American tribes is in 1887 the Dahls Act was passed with subdivided Native reservations into individual allotments and open reservations to settlements by whites. In particular, the Flathead Reservation