BMC SOFTWARE INC
ITEM 1. Business
Overview
BMC Software, Inc. (collectively, we, us, our, the Company or BMC) is one of the world’s largest software companies. We provide IT management solutions for large, mid-sized and small enterprises and public sector organizations around the world. Our extensive portfolio of IT management software solutions simplifies and automates the management of IT processes, mainframe, distributed, virtualized and cloud computing environments, as well as applications and databases. We also provide our customers with maintenance and support services for our products and assist customers with software implementation, integration, IT process and organizational transformation, and education services. We were organized as a Texas corporation in 1980 and were reincorporated in Delaware in July 1988. Our principal corporate offices are located at 2101 CityWest Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77042-2827. Our main telephone number is (713) 918-8800, and our primary internet address is http://www.bmc.com. Our internet website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not intended to be incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These filings and all related amendments are available free of charge at http://investors.bmc.com. We post all of our SEC documents to our website as soon as reasonably practical after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Our corporate governance guidelines and the charters of the Board of Directors committees are also available at http://www.bmc.com, as is our Professional Conduct Policy and Code of Ethics, as amended from time to time. Printed copies of each of these documents are available to stockholders upon request by contacting our investor relations department at (800) 841-2031 ext. 4525 or via email at investor@bmc.com.
Strategy
Our strategy is to be the leader in providing IT management solutions that simplify and automate complex IT functions and processes in order to improve IT efficiency and value. We believe “Business runs on IT” and that by helping our customers run their IT organizations smarter, faster and more intelligently, their businesses will thrive. Our solutions and services help businesses address key initiatives such as cloud computing, IT service management, proactive operations, data center automation, mainframe cost optimization and IT business management.
Responding to the needs of IT executives to optimize costs, increase business competitive advantage, improve service quality, manage risk and provide greater transparency, we provide solutions that enable Business Service Management (BSM), which we define as a universal platform for simplifying and automating the management of IT. Our BSM approach resonates powerfully with large enterprise customers and results in substantial savings and value created through improved IT operational efficiency, consistent service delivery and the ability to rapidly address changing business needs. We have developed our BSM platform so that it can be deployed at once as a full, comprehensive solution or over time as a series of modules. To accomplish this, we provide integrated products and solutions (see the Solutions and Products section below). Our current BSM offering represents continued innovation from internal development, strategic acquisitions and by partnering with leading technology providers. We are committed to further enhancing our BSM platform in order to help our customers better manage IT complexity across diverse infrastructures and processes. We are also committed to providing customer choice by delivering our products and solutions through a combination of methods, including on-premise delivery and software-as-a-service (SaaS).
At the core of our BSM platform, we provide a family of shared foundational technologies called BMC Atrium that provides the enabling architecture to unify information and processes from disparate management tools and to allow IT teams to focus on delivering business services. One of the key components of BMC Atrium is the BMC Atrium Configuration Management Database (CMDB). The BMC Atrium CMDB is an open-architected, federated, intelligent data repository that simplifies the management of IT configurations and delivers accurate visibility into the dependencies between business services, users and IT infrastructure across cloud, virtual, mainframe and distributed environments. Along with other components of BMC Atrium, the BMC Atrium CMDB enables a Configuration Management System that ensures a consistent approach to managing IT processes such as incident management, problem management, change management, configuration management, asset management and event management.
To help clients, we offer education and consulting services that include both industry best practices and our own best practices and are delivered through a comprehensive methodology that is focused on customer value realization. We provide services that assist our customers in defining, implementing and operating our BSM solutions, including technology, process and organizational assessment, design and transformation services. Our BSM solutions support best practices, including those found in IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL), the most widely adopted IT-related best practices framework, and we provide ITIL education and certification to customers and partners through our professional services organization.
As part of our BSM strategy, we also differentiate our approach by supporting mainframe environments. A substantial portion of the world’s most valuable computer data resides on mainframes. Our ability to integrate the mainframe into BSM offers significant benefits to financial services, telecommunications, transportation and other industries. Mainframes remain important to our larger enterprise customers as they continue to be one of the most cost effective and scalable platforms for IT service delivery.
We continue to expand our offerings to further our vision for Dynamic BSM which enables the on-demand provisioning and management of services using new computing platforms, such as cloud computing, in addition to traditional IT environments. In addition to our own efforts, we are working closely with other leading technology providers in the hardware, networking, managed services and SaaS markets to enable the industry’s most comprehensive and robust Dynamic BSM platform.
With the acquisition of Numara Software Holdings, Inc. (Numara) in February 2012, we are now extending the power and benefits of BSM to mid-sized and small business organizations. Anchored by Numara’s award-winning IT service management and IT asset management solutions, BMC can position our network automation, discovery and dependency mapping, and end user experience management solutions to meet the IT management needs of organizations of this size. Our strategy reflects the belief that one-size IT management offerings do not meet all customer needs, and BMC is committed to providing tailored solutions that address specific market requirements, including the need for ease of use and rapid time to value that is paramount to mid-sized and small business IT organizations.
Solutions and Products
We are organized into two software business segments, Enterprise Service Management (ESM) and Mainframe Service Management (MSM). This structure provides the focus required to align our resources and product development efforts to meet the demands of the markets we serve. Our leadership reviews the results of our business using these segments. For financial information related to these two segments, see Note 13 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Our ESM segment consists of the following solution suites and related professional services:
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BMC ProactiveNet Performance Management - Our solution suite in this area manages IT functions and processes such as availability and performance management, event management, service impact management and capacity optimization and provides proactive analytics to help IT identify issues before end users are affected by performance problems. Our solutions prioritize IT events based on business impact and help determine and initiate corrective actions to quickly restore services to the business. We were one of the first IT management leaders to bring business relevance to IT component events in this important market segment for our business. The end user experience management solution from our April 2011 acquisition of Coradiant Inc. (Coradiant) is included in this solution area.
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BMC BladeLogic Automation - Our solution suite in this area manages IT functions and processes such as provisioning, configuration change and compliance automation for servers, networks, applications and databases. Our solutions help IT manage increasing complexity to support rapidly changing business needs, and include our Cloud Lifecycle Management solutions which are now in use by some of the world’s largest public sector organizations and commercial enterprises, including service providers and telecommunications companies. This market segment continues to attract significant customer interest due to the pervasive need for organizations to automate manually-intensive and time-consuming processes in order to achieve greater operational efficiency. The application release process management technology from our September 2011 acquisition of StreamStep, Inc. (StreamStep) is included in this solution area.
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BMC Remedy IT Service Management, BMC Remedy OnDemand and BMC RemedyForce - Our on-premise and SaaS offerings in this area manage IT functions and processes such as the service desk, incident management, service request management, problem management, asset management, service level management, change and release management and identity management. These solutions, built around BMC’s market-leading Remedy brand and related intellectual property, manage and improve IT service as perceived by business end users. They drive improvements in efficiency through application of best practices (such as ITIL) and drive down costs by helping end users solve their own problems, reducing the number of calls to the service desk and tracking the status of IT requests. In this area, we also offer solutions to manage various business functions in IT such as financial planning and budgeting, demand and resource management, supplier management, service cost management and IT controls. In fiscal 2012, we demonstrated our continued growth as a SaaS solution provider and had more than 300 customers live on our SaaS offerings by March 2012. In addition, the mobile IT management capabilities from our June 2011 acquisition of Aeroprise, Inc. (Aeroprise) are included in this solution area.
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BMC FootPrints and BMC Track-It! - Addressing the IT service management and IT asset management needs of mid-sized and small business organizations, we offer solutions designed specifically to address the functionality, ease of use and rapid time-to-value requirements of these market segments. With a broad range of capabilities comparable to that of our enterprise Remedy offerings, BMC is positioned to provide the broadest range of solutions in this area to help IT organizations evolve their capabilities as they grow in size or complexity. These solutions were added to our portfolio upon our February 2012 acquisition of Numara.
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BMC Atrium - Our BMC Atrium offering provides a family of shared foundational technologies in each of our enterprise solution suites that unifies information and processes from disparate management tools and also discovers, models, visualizes and assigns priorities to business services. It includes our BMC Atrium CMDB, a widely implemented and industry-leading CMDB. Our BMC Atrium offering also includes comprehensive discovery and dependency mapping, process and task workflow orchestration, service level management, dashboard and analytic reporting, and service catalog products and capabilities.
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Our professional services organization consists of a worldwide team of experienced software and education consultants who provide implementation, integration, IT process, organizational design, re-engineering and education services related to our products and the IT functions and processes they help to manage. By easing the implementation of our products, these services help our customers realize value more quickly and sustainably. By improving the overall customer experience, we believe that these services also drive future software license transactions with customers.
Our MSM segment addresses IT requirements for mainframe data and performance management, middleware management and enterprise workload automation. These solutions, many of which are integrated with the BMC Atrium CMDB, help our customers consistently meet service objectives while lowering the cost of mainframe, middleware and workload operations by: (i) increasing the availability of their critical business applications; (ii) reducing their hardware resource requirements; (iii) managing ever increasing data, transaction and task volumes with the same or reduced number of staff; and (iv) mitigating the risk and cost associated with regulatory compliance issues facing mainframe, middleware and workload automation organizations. Our MSM solutions are organized into two areas:
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Data and Performance Management - Our mainframe data and performance management solutions ensure the availability and reliability of the business critical data, applications and systems that support mission critical business processes for many of the largest companies worldwide. These solutions help customers optimize the performance, facilitate the administration and enhance the recoverability of the corporate data housed in IBM®’s DB2® and IMS™ databases. Our MainView product line delivers business-centric systems management, intelligent optimization and capacity management for an extensive array of mainframe infrastructure components. Our MainView AutoOperator products enable automation of comprehensive monitoring, problem diagnosis and resolution through real-time execution of pre-defined tasks. The MainView architecture facilitates seamless integration of the entire product line for faster problem resolution. Our December 2011 acquisition of I/O Concepts Software Corporation (I/O Concepts) is included in this solution area. BMC Middleware Management helps our customers improve the management of the application middleware layer and related application transactions. Tight integration of these offerings with BMC Atrium ensures the mainframe is managed in accordance with business service priorities.
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Enterprise Workload Automation - Our Control-M product line provides a comprehensive set of features which enable data centers to automate their increasingly complex workloads and mission critical business processes. Our solution orchestrates and optimizes dispersed and disparate management processes across multiple locations, platforms and applications, and provides the facilities to centrally monitor and manage workload elements required to support the batch portion of the organization’s business services across physical, virtual and cloud computing environments. Our Control-M Output Management solution automates the difficult task of managing the life cycle of mainframe output reports with facilities which include report decollation, distribution, bundling, viewing, archival and deletion.
Sales and Marketing
We market and sell our products in most major world markets directly through our sales force and indirectly through channel partners including: distributors, resellers, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), alliance partners and systems integrators. Our sales force includes an inside sales division which provides a channel for additional sales to existing customers and the expansion of our customer base. We also maintain a sales team with a dedicated focus on mid-sized and small business customers.
International Operations
We are a global company that conducts sales, sales support, professional services, product development and support, marketing and product distribution services from numerous international offices. In addition to our sales offices located in major economic centers around the world, we also conduct development activities in the United States, India and Israel, as well as in small offices in other locations. Our product manufacturing and distribution operations are based in Houston, Texas, and Dublin, Ireland. We plan to continue to look for opportunities to efficiently expand our operations in international locations that offer highly talented resources as a way to maximize our global competitiveness.
Software Licenses
We license our software under both perpetual and term license models for customer on-premise use. Under perpetual license arrangements, our customers receive the perpetual license right to use our software, and related maintenance and support services are generally purchased on an annual basis. Under term license arrangements, our customers receive license rights to use our software along with bundled maintenance and support services for the term of the contract. The majority of our contracts provide customers with the right to use one or more of our products up to a specific license capacity. Capacity can be measured in many ways, including mainframe computing capacity, number of servers, number of users or number of gigabytes, among others. Certain of our enterprise license agreements stipulate that customers can exceed pre-determined base capacity levels, in which case additional fees are specified in the license agreement. Such fees are typically paid on an annual basis in the form of an incremental “true-up” payment. In the absence of such an arrangement, customers are not entitled to exceed the capacity levels in the original license rights.
For qualifying transactions we offer extended payment terms for our solutions under a financing program. We believe that by offering such financing we allow our customers to better manage their IT expenditures and cash flows. Our financing program is discussed in further detail below under Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources.
Our license revenue comprised 40.4%, 41.8% and 39.6% of our total revenue in fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. For a discussion of our revenue recognition policies and the impact of our licensing models on revenue, see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Revenue Recognition and Note 1 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Maintenance and Support Services
Maintenance and support enrollment entitles software license customers to technical support services, including telephone and internet support and problem resolution services, and the right to receive unspecified product upgrades, maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the support period on a when-and-if-available basis. Maintenance and support service fees are an important source of recurring revenue, and we invest significant resources in providing maintenance and support services. Revenue from maintenance and support services comprised 49.8%, 49.6% and 53.6% of our total revenue in fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Software-as-a-Service
We provide on-demand SaaS offerings within our ESM segment. These offerings, the first of which we introduced to the market in late fiscal 2010, provide management solutions through a hosted service rather than a traditional on-premise license model and allow our customers to obtain the benefits of these solutions with reduced infrastructure and setup requirements, leading to faster deployment and lower total cost of ownership. These offerings are sold as either annual or multi-year subscriptions with pricing generally based on the number of users. We also offer customer on-boarding and other related services for these offerings. SaaS subscription revenue is recorded within maintenance revenue in our consolidated financial statements and to date has not represented a significant percentage of our total revenue.
Professional Services
Our professional services group consists of a worldwide team of experienced software and education consultants who provide implementation, integration, IT process, organizational design, re-engineering and education services related to our products. By easing the implementation of our products, these services help our customers accelerate the time-to-value. By improving the overall customer experience, we believe that these services also drive future software license transactions with customers. Revenue from professional services comprised 9.8%, 8.6% and 6.8% of our total revenue in fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Research and Development
We conduct research and development activities in various locations throughout the world. During fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, we incurred research and development expenses of $165.2 million, $181.6 million and $195.9 million, respectively. These costs relate primarily to personnel and related costs incurred to conduct product development activities. Although we develop many of our products internally, we may acquire technology through business combinations or through licensing from third parties when appropriate. Our expenditures on research and development activities during the last three fiscal years are further discussed under Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Research and Development Expenses.
Seasonality
We tend to experience a higher volume of transactions and associated revenue in the quarter ended December 31, which is our third fiscal quarter, and the quarter ended March 31, which is our fourth fiscal quarter, as a result of our customers’ spending patterns and our annual sales quota incentives. As a result of this seasonality for license transactions and timing of related payments, we tend to have greater operating cash flow in our fourth fiscal quarter. However, general economic conditions also have an impact on our business and financial results.
Competition
The enterprise management software business is highly competitive. Both our ESM and MSM businesses compete against a number of enterprises, including large vendors who compete with us at a strategic solution level and across multiple product lines as well as smaller, niche companies who compete against individual products of ours. Our largest competitors are International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), CA, Inc. (CA) and Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). Although we believe we are uniquely positioned to offer integrated BSM solutions to customers, several of our major competitors also market BSM-like solutions and we anticipate continued competition in the BSM marketplace. There are currently between 50 and 100 companies we consider to be directly competitive with one or more of our software solutions. Some of these companies have substantially larger operations than ours in the specific markets in which we compete. With the acquisition of Numara, we now more regularly compete with smaller-sized competitors as well. In addition, the software industry is experiencing continued consolidation which may change both the number of and specific companies with which we compete.
Customers
Our solutions are used by some of the largest, most demanding IT organizations in the world including over 20,000 companies and over 95% of the Forbes Global 100. Our software products are generally used in a broad range of industries, businesses and applications. Our most significant customers include banks and financial service providers, government agencies and other service providers. Our remaining customer base includes manufacturers, telecommunication companies, educational institutions, retailers, distributors, hospitals and other industries, as well as channel partners including resellers, distributors and systems integrators. Our ten largest customers comprised 20% or less of our total revenue in each of fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010. No single customer accounted for a material portion of our revenue during any of the past three fiscal years.
Intellectual Property
We primarily distribute our products in object code form and rely upon contract, trade secret, copyright and patent laws to protect our intellectual property. The license agreements under which customers use our products restrict the customer’s use to its own operations and prohibit disclosure to third parties. We distribute certain of our products on a shrink-wrap basis and the enforceability of such restrictions in a shrink-wrap license is unproven in certain jurisdictions. Also, notwithstanding these restrictions, it is possible for other persons to obtain copies of our products in object code form. We expect that obtaining such copies would have limited value without access to the product’s source code, which we keep highly confidential. In addition, for certain of our solutions, we employ protective measures such as CPU-dependent passwords, expiring passwords and time-based software trials.
Employees
At March 31, 2012, we had approximately 6,900 full-time employees. We expect that our continued success will depend in part on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled personnel, including technical, sales and management resources.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
We operate in a dynamic environment that involves numerous risks and uncertainties. The following section describes some of the risks that may adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows; these are not necessarily listed in terms of their importance or level of risk.
Weakened economic conditions and uncertainty could adversely affect our operating results.
Our overall performance depends in part on worldwide economic conditions. As a result of continued sluggishness of major global economies, the United States and other key international regions continue to experience significant economic and financial market uncertainty, including concerns over sovereign debt levels, significant unemployment, volatility in commodity prices and levels of inflation. The severity or length of time these economic and financial market concerns may persist is unknown. During challenging and uncertain economic times as well as periods of financial market instability and tight credit markets, many customers may delay or reduce technology purchases. Contract negotiations may become more protracted or difficult if customers institute additional internal approvals for software purchases or require more negotiation of contract terms and conditions. These economic conditions could result in reductions in sales of our products, longer sales cycles, difficulties in collection of accounts receivable or delayed payments, slower adoption of new technologies and increased price competition. In addition, deterioration of the global credit markets could adversely impact our ability to complete sales of our solutions and services, including maintenance and support renewals, or the value of our financial assets. Any of these events would likely harm our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
We may announce lower than expected revenue, bookings, earnings or operating cash flows.
Our ability to accurately and consistently predict revenue, bookings, earnings and operating cash flows within narrow ranges is weakened by two principal factors:
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first, a significant portion of our transactions close during the final days of each quarter; this pattern is evident across product lines and among all sales channels; and
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second, even after contracts have been executed, extensive analysis is required before the timing of revenue recognition can be reliably determined; this timing reflects both the complexity of the revenue recognition rules applicable to software and the effect that the various license types and other terms and conditions can have when these rules are applied.
Numerous other factors, some listed below, also have the potential to adversely affect our financial results:
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customers may defer or limit purchases as a result of reduced information technology budgets or reduced data processing capacity demand;
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customers may require additional levels of internal approval prior to finalizing software purchases or renewals, which could lengthen the sales cycle and delay bookings and the resultant cash flows;
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we may lose customers to our competitors or due to customer consolidation;
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we may be required to defer more license revenue than we anticipate if our mix of complex transactions or contracts with terms and conditions requiring deferral of license revenue is greater than we plan for;
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we may be unable to adapt our solutions to customers’ needs in a market space defined by constant technological change;
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we may be unable to satisfy increased customer demands for our technical support services which may adversely affect our relationships with our customers;
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the timing of orders and delivery of products to our customers and channel partners is uncertain;
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we may experience losses on investments, foreign currency exchange contracts or other losses from financial instruments we hold that are exposed to market losses;
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we may experience unexpected changes or significant fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
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tax rates in jurisdictions in which we operate may change;
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we may experience higher than expected operating expenses;
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weighted average shares outstanding may increase unexpectedly due to much higher than expected exercises of stock options or a sudden and significant increase in our stock price causing our fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding to increase, either of which could cause reported earnings per share to decline;
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we may be affected by the timing of large, multi-product transactions or become dependent upon such transactions;
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our pricing and distribution terms and/or those of our competitors may change; and
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our business may be adversely affected as a result of the threat of significant external events that increase global economic uncertainty.
Investors should not rely on the results of prior periods as an indication of our future performance. Our operating expense levels are based, in significant part, on our expectations of future revenue. If we have a shortfall in revenue in any given quarter, we will not be able to proportionally reduce our operating expenses for that quarter in response to such a shortfall. Therefore, any significant shortfall in revenue will likely have an immediate adverse effect on our operating results for that quarter and could cause our stock price to decline. In addition, our ability to maintain or expand our operating margins may be limited given economic and competitive conditions, and we therefore could be reliant upon our ability to continually identify and implement operational improvements in order to maintain or reduce expense levels. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain or expand our current operating margins in the future.
Our cloud offerings bring new business and operational risks.
We have introduced multiple new products and technology initiatives to provide systems management solutions in the emerging area of cloud computing. We include in this category our SaaS offerings. Our SaaS offerings provide our customers with existing and new software management through a hosted service as opposed to traditional software deployments. There can be no assurance that SaaS revenue will be significant in the future despite our levels of investment. There is a risk that our SaaS offerings may reduce demand for licenses and maintenance of our traditional software products which could impact our revenue and/or operating margins. There is also a risk that our internal development and customer support teams could find it difficult or costly to support both traditional software installed by customers and software delivered as a service. To the extent that our new SaaS offerings are defective or there are disruptions to our services, demand for our SaaS offerings could diminish and we could be subject to substantial liability. In addition, interruptions or delays in service from our third party service delivery hosts could impair the delivery of our services and harm our business. If we or our third party service delivery hosts experience security breaches and unauthorized access is obtained to a customer’s data or our data, our services may be perceived as not being secure, customers may curtail or stop using our services and we may incur significant legal and financial exposure and liabilities.
Our success in the emerging area of cloud computing depends on organizations and customers perceiving technological and operational benefits and cost savings associated with the increasing adoption of virtual infrastructure solutions for on-premise data centers as well as for cloud computing and end user computing. Concerns about security, privacy, availability, data integrity, retention and ownership may negatively impact the rate of adoption of cloud computing. Cloud computing environments are complex and the deployment of our systems management solutions in the cloud may require additional professional services and implementation services for which we may not have the ability to provide at an appropriate margin. In the cloud, our products are dependent upon third party hardware, software and cloud hosting vendors, all of which must interoperate for end users to achieve their computing goals. Since the cloud computing market is in the early stages of development, we expect other companies to enter this market and to introduce their own initiatives that may compete with, or not be compatible with, our cloud solutions. Additionally, operating margins on our new initiatives may be lower than those we have achieved in our more mature product markets, and our new initiatives may not generate sufficient revenue to recoup our investments in them. If any of these events were to occur, it could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may have difficulty achieving our cash flow from operations goals.
Our quarterly cash flow from operations is and has been volatile. If our cash generated from operations in some future period is materially less than the market expects, our stock price could decline. Factors that could adversely affect our cash flow from operations in the future include: lengthening sales cycles; a reduction in the size of transactions; the timing of transaction completion, billings and associated cash collections within a particular period; longer customer payment terms; an increase in late payments by customers; an increase in uncollectible accounts receivable; increased expenses; reduced net earnings; a significant shift from multi-year committed contracts to short-term contracts; a reduced ability to transfer finance receivables to third parties; an increase in contracts where internal costs such as sales commissions are paid upfront but payments from customers are collected over time; reduced renewal rates for maintenance; an increase in cash taxes; payments for legal actions, costs, fees or settlements; restructuring payments; the impact of changing foreign currency exchange rates; and reduced yields on investments and cash equivalents.
Maintenance revenue could decline.
Maintenance revenue is an important source of recurring revenue, and we invest significant resources to provide maintenance and support services to our customers. Maintenance fees generally increase as the licensed capacity increases; consequently, we generally receive higher absolute maintenance fees with new license and maintenance agreements and as existing customers license our products for additional processing capacity. Price competition on enterprise transactions can lead to increased discounting for higher levels of supplemental processing capacity; the maintenance fees on a per unit of capacity basis are typically reduced in enterprise license agreements. In addition, customers are generally entitled to reduced annual maintenance fees for entering into long-term maintenance contracts. Declines in our license bookings, increases in the proportion of long-term maintenance contracts and/or increased discounting could lead to declines in our maintenance revenue growth rates. Should customers migrate from systems and applications which our products support, utilize alternatives to our products, including maintenance-free solutions such as on demand, or become dissatisfied with our maintenance services, increased cancellations could lead to declines in our maintenance revenue. As maintenance revenue makes up a substantial portion of our total revenue, any decline in our maintenance revenue could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
Our professional services business is growing but could impact our overall margins.
Our professional services business has been growing as our overall bookings have grown and customers have contracted with us to provide implementation and other value-adding services. There are a number of risks associated with our professional services business which could impact our ability to deliver high quality services and which could impact our overall profit margin. These include the availability and our ability to engage quality labor resources, both as employees and as third party contractors, incremental costs associated with third party contractors, the complexity of services engagements, contractual risks, pricing and bidding risks and potential cost overruns. If we are not able to effectively manage the growth of our professional services business, it could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and our operating results, including our profit margin.
Competition from large, powerful multi-line and small, agile single-line competitors could have a negative impact on our business and financial results.
Some of our largest competitors, including IBM, CA and HP, have significant scale advantages. With scale comes a large installed base of customers in particular market niches, as well as the ability to develop and market software competitive with ours. Some of these competitors can also bundle hardware, software and services together, which is a disadvantage for us since we are not a hardware provider and have fewer services offerings. Competitive products are also offered by numerous independent software companies that specialize in specific aspects of the highly fragmented software industry. Some, like Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft), Oracle Corporation (Oracle), and SAP AG (SAP) are the leading developers and vendors in their specialized markets. In addition, new companies enter the market on a frequent and regular basis, offering products that compete with some individual products offered by us. Market entrants utilizing alternative business models such as SaaS, cloud computing or open source software also compete against us. As the use of open source software becomes more widespread, certain open source technology could become competitive with our proprietary technology, which could cause sales of our products to decline or force us to reduce the fees we charge for our products. Other data center vendors may expand into systems management to complement their existing offerings. Additionally, many customers historically have developed their own products that compete with those offered by us. Competition from any of these sources can result in price reductions or displacement of our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
Industry consolidation could affect prices or demand for our products.
The IT industry and the market for our systems management products are very competitive due to a variety of factors. As the enterprise systems software market matures, it is consolidating. This trend could create opportunities for larger companies, such as IBM, HP, Microsoft, Oracle and other large enterprise software and hardware companies, to increase their market share through the acquisition of companies that dominate certain lucrative market niches or that have loyal installed customer bases. In doing so, these competitors may be able to reduce prices on software that competes with our solutions, in part by leveraging their larger economies of scale. Consolidation also may permit competitors to offer a broader suite of products and more comprehensive bundled solutions, including hardware, software and services. We expect this trend towards consolidation to continue as companies attempt to maintain or extend their market and competitive positions in the rapidly changing software industry and as companies are acquired or are unable to continue operations. This industry consolidation may result in stronger competitors that are better able to compete as sole-source vendors for customers. This could lead to more variability in our operating results due to lengthening of the customer evaluation process, increased pricing pressure and/or loss of business to these larger competitors, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
Our products must remain compatible with ever-changing operating and database environments.
IBM, HP, Microsoft and Oracle are by far the largest suppliers of systems and database software and, in some cases, are the manufacturers of the computer hardware systems used by most of our customers. Historically, operating and database system developers have modified or introduced new operating systems, database systems, systems software and computer hardware. Such new products could incorporate features which perform functions currently performed by our products or could require substantial modification of our products to maintain compatibility with these companies’ hardware or software. There can be no assurance that we will be able to adapt our products and our business to changes introduced by hardware manufacturers and operating and database system software developers. Operating and database system software developers have in the past provided us with early access to versions of their software, before making such software generally available, to have input into the functionality and to ensure that we can adapt our software to exploit new functionality in these systems. Some companies, however, may adopt more restrictive policies in the future or impose unfavorable terms and conditions for such access. These restrictions may result in higher research and development costs for us in connection with the enhancement and modification of our existing products and the development of new products. Failure to adapt our products in a timely manner to changes in operating and database systems, or any product quality and performance issues with the underlying databases or operating systems resulting in degradation of our products’ quality and performance, could influence customer decisions to forego the use of our products in favor of those with comparable functionality offered by competitors or within the operating system and database functionality itself which could result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
Future product development is dependent upon access to and reliability of third party software products and open source software.
Certain of our software products contain components developed and maintained by third party software vendors. We expect that we may have to incorporate software from third party vendors in our future products. We also incorporate open source software in certain of our software products. We may not be able to replace the functionality provided by the third party or open source software currently offered with our products if that software becomes obsolete, defective or incompatible with future versions of our products or is not adequately maintained or updated, or if our relationship with the third party vendor terminates. In addition, we must carefully monitor and manage our use of, and compliance with the licensing requirements of, open source software. Any significant interruption in the availability of these third party software products on commercially acceptable terms, defects in these products or our inability to comply with the licensing terms of either third party commercial software or open source software could delay development of future products or enhancement of future products and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
Future product development is dependent on adequate research and development resources.
In order to remain competitive, we must continue to develop new products and enhancements to our existing products. This is particularly true as we further expand our BSM, cloud and SaaS offerings and capabilities. Maintaining adequate research and development resources to meet the demands of the market is essential. Failure to do so could present an advantage to our competitors. Furthermore, if we are unable to develop products internally due to certain constraints, such as high employee turnover, lack of management ability or a lack of other development resources, it may force us to expand into a certain market or strategy via an acquisition for which we could potentially pay too much or unsuccessfully integrate into our operations.
Discovery of errors in our software could adversely affect our earnings.
The software products we offer are inherently complex. Despite testing and quality control, we cannot be certain that errors will not be found in current versions, new versions or enhancements of our products after commencement of commercial delivery. If new or existing customers have difficulty deploying our products or require significant amounts of customer support, our operating margins could be harmed. Moreover, we could face possible claims and higher development costs if our software contains undetected errors or if we fail to meet our customers’ expectations. With our BSM strategy, these risks increase because we are combining already complex products to create solutions that are even more complicated than the aggregation of their product components. Significant technical challenges could also arise with our products because our customers purchase and deploy our products across a variety of computer platforms and integrate them with a number of third party software applications and databases. These combinations increase our risk further because in the event of a system-wide failure, it may be difficult to determine which product is at fault; thus, we may be harmed by the failure of another supplier’s products.
As a result of the foregoing, we could experience loss of or delay in revenue and loss of market share; loss of customers; damage to our reputation; failure to achieve market acceptance; diversion of development resources; increased service and warranty costs; legal actions by customers against us which could, whether or not successful, increase costs and distract our management; and increased insurance costs.
We are subject to risks associated with our indirect distribution channels.
A portion of our revenue is derived from the sale of our products and services through indirect distribution channels such as resellers, systems integrators and strategic partners. In addition, we maintain strategic agreements with hardware vendors permitting them to sell our software solutions as part of their hardware systems. Conducting business through indirect distribution channels presents a number of risks, including:
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our indirect channel partners typically can cease marketing our products and services with limited or no notice and with little or no penalty;
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we may not be able to replace existing or recruit additional indirect channel partners if we lose any of our existing ones;
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our existing indirect channel partners may not be able to effectively sell new products and services that we may introduce;
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we do not have direct control over the business practices, compliance programs and processes or risk management policies adopted by our indirect channel partners and they may engage in inappropriate practices without our knowledge which could result in penalties and/or reputational damage to us;
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our indirect channel partners may not be able to deliver the same quality or standard of services that we do which may require us to engage with their customers at a direct cost to us to protect our product and services standards and reputation;
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our indirect channel partners may also offer competitive products and services through acquisition or internal development and as such, may not give priority to the marketing of our products and services as compared to our competitors’ products;
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we may face conflicts between the activities of our indirect channels and our direct sales and marketing activities;
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our indirect channel partners may experience financial difficulties that may impact their ability to market our products and may lead to delays, or even default, in their payment obligations to us; and
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we also depend on our indirect channel partners for accurate and timely reporting of our channel sales; any disruption, delay or under-reporting by our indirect channel partners could have an adverse effect on our bookings, revenues and cash flows.
Changes to our sales organization can be disruptive and may negatively impact our results of operations.
From time to time, we make significant changes in the organizational structure and compensation plans of our sales organizations. To the extent that we experience turnover within our direct sales force or sales management, there is a risk that the productivity of our sales force would be negatively impacted which could lead to revenue declines. Turnover within our sales force can require significant severance expense and cause disruption in sales cycles leading to delay or loss of business. In addition, it can take time to implement new sales management plans and to effectively recruit and train new sales representatives. We review and modify our compensation plans for the sales organization periodically. As in most years, we have made changes for fiscal 2013 that are intended to align with our business objectives, including the recent introduction of new customer segmentation and sales models within our ESM segment. Changes to our sales compensation plans could make it difficult for us to attract and retain top sales talent.
We are subject to risks related to business combinations.
As part of our overall strategy, we have acquired or invested in, and likely will continue to acquire or invest in, complementary companies, products and technologies. Risks commonly encountered in such transactions include:
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we may not retain and integrate key technical, sales and managerial personnel;
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we may not assimilate the personnel, culture and operations of the combined companies, including back-office functions and systems, such as accounting, human resources and others, into our own back-office functions and systems;
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we may not be able to integrate the acquired technologies or products with our current products and technologies;
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our ongoing business could be disrupted, including management being distracted from other objectives, opportunities and risks;
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we may not maximize our financial and strategic position through the successful integration of acquired businesses;
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our policies, procedures and controls may not be applied to the acquired entity in a timely manner following the acquisition;
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relationships with the acquired entity’s customers, partners or vendors might degrade, creating challenges for us to meet the objectives of the acquisition;
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our pre-acquisition due diligence may fail to identify technology issues, such as problems with software code, architecture or functionality, intellectual property ownership issues, employment or management issues, customer or partner issues, errors or irregularities in the accounting or financial reporting of the target, unknown liabilities of the target, legal contingencies, compliance failures or other issues;
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revenue from acquired companies, products and technologies may not meet our expectations;
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our use of cash to pay for acquisitions may limit other potential uses of our cash, including stock repurchases; similarly, existing stockholders could be diluted and earnings per share may decrease if we were to issue a significant amount of equity securities as full or partial consideration in future acquisitions; and
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our chosen strategy leading to the acquisition may not be the appropriate strategy or our resources may be better utilized developing technology via internal product development.
In order for us to maximize the return on our investments in acquired companies, the products of these entities must be integrated with our existing products and strategies. These integrations can be difficult and unpredictable, especially given the complexity of software and that acquired technology is typically developed independently and may not have been designed to integrate with our products. The difficulties are compounded when the products involved are well-established because compatibility with the existing base of installed products must be preserved. Successful integration also requires coordination of different development and engineering teams. This too can be difficult and unpredictable because of possible cultural conflicts and different opinions on technical decisions and product roadmaps. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in our product integration efforts or that we will realize the expected benefits.
Changes in tax law, changes in our effective tax rate or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could affect our profitability and financial condition.
We carry out our business operations through entities in the United States and multiple foreign jurisdictions. As such, we are required to file corporate income tax returns that are subject to United States, state and foreign tax laws. The United States, state and foreign tax liabilities are determined, in part, by the amount of operating profit generated in these different taxing jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate, earnings and operating cash flows could be adversely affected by changes in the mix of operating profits generated in countries with higher statutory tax rates as well as by the positioning of our cash balances globally. Our effective tax rate is also impacted by the portion of our foreign earnings in jurisdictions having different corporate tax rates than the United States when we deem such earnings to be indefinitely reinvested in such jurisdictions. If we were to determine that these foreign earnings were not indefinitely reinvested, our effective tax rate, earnings and operating cash flows could be adversely impacted. Similarly, if statutory tax rates or tax bases were to increase or if changes in tax laws, regulations or interpretations were made that impact us directly, our effective tax rate, earnings and operating cash flows could be adversely impacted. We are also required to evaluate the realizability of our deferred tax assets. This evaluation requires that our management assess the positive and negative evidence regarding sources of future taxable income. If management’s assessment regarding the realizability of our deferred tax assets changes, we will be required to increase our valuation allowance, which will negatively impact our effective tax rate and earnings. We are also subject to routine corporate income tax audits in multiple jurisdictions. Our provision for income taxes includes amounts intended to satisfy income tax assessments that may result from the examination of our corporate tax returns that have been filed in these jurisdictions. The amounts ultimately paid upon resolution of these examinations could be materially different from the amounts included in the provision for income taxes and result in additional tax expense and operating cash outflows.
We must protect our intellectual property rights.
We rely on a combination of copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade secrets, confidentiality procedures and contractual procedures to protect our intellectual property rights. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to misappropriate, copy or pirate certain portions of our products or to reverse engineer or obtain and use technology or other information that we regard as proprietary. There can also be no assurance that our intellectual property rights would survive a legal challenge as to their validity or provide significant protection for us, and any such legal actions could become costly. In addition, the laws or practices of certain countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will be able to protect our proprietary technology against unauthorized third party copying or use, which could adversely affect our competitive position and revenue.
Third parties may claim that our software products or services infringe on their intellectual property rights, exposing us to litigation that, regardless of merit, may be costly to defend.
Our success and ability to compete are also dependent upon our ability to operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of others. Third parties may claim that our current or future products or services infringe upon their intellectual property rights. Any such claim, with or without merit, could have a significant effect on our business and financial results. Any future third party claim could be time consuming, divert management’s attention from our business operations and result in substantial litigation costs, including any monetary damages and customer indemnification obligations, which may result from such claims. In addition, parties making these claims may be able to obtain injunctive or other equitable relief affecting our ability to license the products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property. As a result of such claims, we may be required to obtain licenses from third parties, develop alternative technology or redesign our products. We cannot be sure that such licenses would be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If a successful claim is made against us and we are unable to develop or license alternative technology, our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
We are subject to risks related to global operations.
We are a global company that conducts sales, sales support, professional services, product development and support, marketing and product distribution services from numerous offices throughout the world. We are subject to a variety of risks and challenges in managing an organization operating in various countries, including:
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difficulties in staffing and managing international operations, including compliance with local labor and employment laws;
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non-compliance with our professional conduct policy and code of ethics or other corporate policies;
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longer payment cycles;
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increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities;
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adverse tax consequences;
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adverse impact of inflation;
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changes in foreign currency exchange rates;
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impact from volatile or sluggish local economies or global macroeconomic conditions;
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loss of proprietary information, including intellectual property, due to piracy, misappropriation or weaker laws regarding intellectual property protection;
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the need to localize our products;
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lack of appropriate local infrastructure to carry out operations;
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political unrest, war or terrorism, particularly in areas in which we have employees and facilities;
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potential vulnerability to computer system, internet or other systemic attacks, such as denial of service, viruses or other malware which may be caused by criminals, terrorists or other sophisticated organizations;
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compliance with a wide variety of complex laws, regulations and treaties including unexpected changes in (or new) legislative or regulatory requirements, early termination of contracts with government agencies, audits, investigations, sanctions or penalties;
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licenses, tariffs and other trade barriers; and
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natural disaster, disease or other extraordinary events impacting business continuity.
U.S. and international laws and regulations that apply to our global operations are complex and increase our cost of doing business. U.S. laws and regulations applicable to our international operations include the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and export control laws. International laws and regulations include local laws which also prohibit bribery, including commercial bribery (including the UK Bribery Act), and corrupt payments to governmental officials, data privacy requirements, labor relations laws, tax laws, anti-competition regulations, import and trade restrictions and export requirements. We have adopted and implemented policies and procedures designed to promote compliance with U.S. laws and the laws of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in criminal or civil fines against us, our officers or our employees; restrictions on the conduct of our business; harm to our brand or reputation; and delays in potential acquisitions. Such violations could result in penalties and other restrictions that may, under certain circumstances, materially and adversely impact our operating results and financial condition.
The unique risks of operating in a particular country may require us to adopt a different business approach or strategy in that particular country which could increase our cost of doing business or limit the type of business activities we can perform in such country. In addition, if we suffer a business disruption due to any of the risks listed above and do not have in place or are not able to implement adequate response plans, our ability to support customers and maintain normal business operations for a significant length of time could be hindered such that our competitive position could be significantly impacted. Furthermore, our financial condition could be adversely impacted if our costs to recover escalate due to such recovery occurring over a protracted period.
We maintain a significant presence in India, Israel and other emerging market countries, conducting substantial software development and support, marketing operations, IT operations and certain financial operations in those locations. Accordingly, we are directly affected by economic, political, physical and electrical infrastructure and military conditions in these countries. Any major hostilities or the interruption or curtailment of trade between these countries and their present trading partners could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. We maintain contingency and business continuity plans for all significant locations, and to date, various regional conflicts or other local economic or political issues have not caused any major adverse impact on our operations in these countries. Should we be unable to conduct operations in these regions in the future, and our contingency and business continuity plans are unsuccessful, our business could be adversely affected. Furthermore, as the software and technology labor market in these countries has developed at a rapid pace, with many multi-national companies competing for talent, there is a risk that wage and attrition rates will rise faster than we have anticipated which could lead to operational issues.
We face exposure to foreign currency exchange rates.
We conduct significant transactions, including intercompany transactions, in currencies other than the United States dollar or the functional operating currency of the transactional entities, and our global subsidiaries maintain significant net assets that are denominated in currencies other than the functional operating currencies of these entities. Accordingly, changes in the value of foreign currencies relative to the United States dollar can significantly affect our revenues and operating results due to transactional and translational remeasurement that is reflected in our earnings. While we maintain a hedging program to hedge certain transactional exposures in foreign currencies in an attempt to mitigate foreign currency exchange rate risks, this program may not fully mitigate all such risk. We may also experience foreign currency exchange rate gains and losses where it is not cost effective to hedge foreign currencies in part or in full. Additionally, our efforts under this program may not be successful if we were to fail to properly detect or manage foreign currency exchange rate exposures, which could also adversely impact our operating results and operating cash flows.
We may lose key personnel, may not be able to hire enough qualified personnel or may fail to integrate replacement personnel.
Much of our future success depends on the continued service and availability of skilled personnel, including sales, technical and management resources and the availability of skilled contract labor. Experienced personnel in the information technology industry are in high demand and competition for their talents is intense. Changing demographics and labor work force trends may result in a loss of knowledge and skills as experienced workers retire. Effective succession planning is also important to our long-term success. Failure to ensure effective transfer of knowledge and smooth transitions involving key employees could hinder our strategic planning and execution. In addition, acquisitions could cause us to lose key personnel of the acquired companies or our personnel. With rare exceptions, we do not have long-term employment agreements with our employees. Further, certain of our key personnel receive a total compensation package that includes equity awards. New regulations, volatility in the stock market and other factors could diminish our use, and/or the value, of our equity awards, putting us at a competitive disadvantage or forcing us to use more cash compensation.
In addition, we continually focus on improving our cost structure. We have been hiring personnel in countries where advanced technical expertise is available at lower costs and we frequently utilize contract labor for short-term needs. When we make adjustments to our workforce, we may incur expenses associated with workforce reductions that delay the benefit of a more efficient workforce structure. We may also experience increased competition for employees in these countries as the trend toward globalization continues which may affect our employee retention efforts, increase our dependence on contract labor and/or increase our expenses in an effort to offer a competitive compensation program for full-time employees.
We have also undertaken restructuring actions over the past several years to improve our cost structure involving significant reductions in our workforce, relocation of job functions to overseas locations and changes to our organizational structure. We will continue to make organizational changes aimed at improving our operating margins and driving operating efficiencies. Some of these changes may result in future workforce reductions or rebalancing actions. These efforts place a strain on our management, administrative, technical, operational and financial infrastructure.
If we fail to manage these changes effectively, it could adversely affect our ability to manage our business and our operating results.
Our business and products are dependent on the availability, integrity and security of IT systems.
Our IT systems and related software applications are integral to our business. We rely on controls and systems to ensure data integrity of critical business information. Lack of data integrity could create inaccuracies and hinder our ability to perform meaningful business analysis and make informed business decisions. Computer programmers and hackers may be able to penetrate our network security and misappropriate, copy or pirate our confidential information or that of third parties, create system disruptions or cause interruptions or shutdowns of our internal systems and services. A number of websites have been subject to denial of service attacks, where a website is bombarded with information requests eventually causing the website to overload, resulting in a delay or disruption of service. Also, there is a growing trend of advanced persistent threats being launched by organized and coordinated groups against corporate networks to breach security for malicious purposes. If successful, any of these events could damage our computer systems or those of our customers and could disrupt or prevent us from providing timely maintenance and support for our products. Computer programmers and hackers also may be able to develop and deploy viruses, worms and other malicious software programs that attack our products or otherwise exploit any security vulnerabilities of our products. The costs to us to eliminate or alleviate security problems, bugs, viruses, worms, malicious software programs and security vulnerabilities could be significant, and the efforts to address these problems could result in interruptions, delays, cessation of service and loss of existing or potential customers and may impede our sales, manufacturing, distribution and other critical functions.
In the course of our regular business operations and providing maintenance support services to our customers, we process and transmit proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data, including personal information of employees, customers and others. Breaches in security could expose us, our customers or the individuals affected to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, resulting in potential regulatory actions, litigation and potential liability for us, as well as the loss of existing or potential customers and damage to our brand and reputation.
Despite network security, disaster recovery and systems management measures in place, we may encounter unexpected general systems outages or failures that may affect our ability to conduct research and development, provide maintenance and support of our products, manage our contractual arrangements, accurately and efficiently maintain our books and records, record our transactions, provide critical information to our management and prepare our financial statements. Additionally, these unexpected systems outages or failures may require additional personnel and financial resources, disrupt our business or cause delays in the reporting of our financial results. We may also be required to modify, enhance, upgrade or implement new systems, procedures and controls to reflect changes in our business or technological advancements, which could cause us to incur additional costs and require additional management attention, placing burdens on our internal resources. We also outsource certain IT-related functions to third parties that are responsible for maintaining their own network security, disaster recovery and systems management procedures. If we, or our third party IT vendors, fail to manage our IT systems and related software applications effectively, it could adversely affect our business operations, operating results and cash flows.
ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
ITEM 2. Properties
Our headquarters are located in Houston, Texas, where we lease approximately 570,000 square feet of office space. We also maintain software development and sales organizations in various locations around the world where we lease the necessary facilities. A summary of our principal leased properties currently in use is as follows:
ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings
We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe that the outcome of any of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
ITEM 4. (Removed and Reserved)
PART II
ITEM 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market and trades under the symbol BMC. On May 4, 2012, there were 585 holders of record of our common stock.
The following table sets forth the high and low intra-day sales prices per share of our common stock for the periods indicated:
We have never declared or paid dividends to BMC Software stockholders. We do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain any future earnings otherwise available for cash dividends on our common stock for use in our operations, for acquisitions and for common stock repurchases. See Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources.
The graph below shows the relative investment performance of our common stock, the S&P 500 Index and the S&P Systems Software Index for the last five years, assuming reinvestment of dividends at date of payment into the common stock of the indices. The following graph is presented pursuant to SEC rules and is not meant to be an indication of our future performance.
COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among BMC Software, Inc., the S&P 500 Index
and the S&P Systems Software Index
* $100 invested on March 31, 2007 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
(1) Includes 171,421 and 862,637 shares of our common stock withheld by us to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations during the quarter and year ended March 31, 2012, respectively.
(2) Our Board of Directors has authorized a total of $5.0 billion to repurchase common stock. At March 31, 2012, approximately $850.2 million remains authorized in this stock repurchase program and the program does not have an expiration date.
Information regarding our equity compensation plans at March 31, 2012 is incorporated by reference into Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
ITEM 6. Selected Financial Data
The following selected consolidated financial data presented for, and at the end of, each of the years in the five-year period ended March 31, 2012, are derived from our consolidated financial statements. The following business combinations during the five-year period ended March 31, 2012 were accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting, and accordingly, the financial results of these acquired businesses have been included in our financial results below from the indicated acquisition dates:
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Numara Software Holdings, Inc. in February 2012;
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I/O Concepts Software Corporation in December 2011;
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StreamStep, Inc. in September 2011;
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Neon Enterprise Software, LLC’s portfolio of IMS solution software in June 2011;
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Aeroprise, Inc. in June 2011;
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Coradiant Inc. in April 2011;
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GridApp Systems, Inc. in November 2010;
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the software business of Neptuny S.r.l. in October 2010;
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Phurnace Software, Inc. in December 2009;
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Tideway Systems Limited in October 2009;
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MQSoftware, Inc. in August 2009;
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BladeLogic, Inc. (BladeLogic) in April 2008;
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Emprisa Networks, Inc. in October 2007;
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RealOps, Inc. in July 2007 and
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ProactiveNet, Inc. in June 2007.
The operating results for fiscal 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009 and 2008 below include severance, exit costs and related charges of $10.8 million, $14.3 million, $3.0 million, $33.5 million and $14.7 million, respectively. During fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, we recorded net tax benefits of approximately $6.2 million, $57.2 million and $30.0 million, respectively, associated with tax authority settlements related to prior years’ tax matters. During fiscal 2009, we wrote off acquired in-process research and development (IPR&D) of $50.3 million in connection with our acquisition of BladeLogic, and we recorded $6.8 million of tax expense associated with an intercompany transfer of the IPR&D.
The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements at March 31, 2012 and 2011, and for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2012, the accompanying notes and the report of the independent registered public accounting firm thereon, which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
It is important that this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto which appear elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ substantially from those referred to herein due to a number of factors, including but not limited to risks described in the section entitled Risk Factors and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Unless indicated otherwise, results of operations data in this MD&A are presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Additionally, in an effort to provide investors with additional information regarding our results of operations, certain non-GAAP financial measures including non-GAAP operating income, non-GAAP net earnings and non-GAAP diluted earnings per share are provided in this MD&A. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations below for an explanation of our use of non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations to their corresponding measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.
Overview
Our fiscal 2012 financial performance was solid across most of our core financial metrics. However, year over year ESM license bookings declined and were below our original expectations; refer to the additional discussion regarding ESM license bookings below. Select operating metrics for fiscal 2012 include:
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Total bookings, which represent the contract value of transactions closed and recorded, were $2,196.8 million, essentially flat as compared to fiscal 2011. During fiscal 2012, one large transaction generated total bookings of over $100 million, principally related to our MSM business.
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Total license bookings were $882.4 million, representing a decrease of $44.0 million, or 4.7%, from fiscal 2011. During fiscal 2012, we closed 158 transactions with license values over $1 million (with total license bookings of $480.0 million) compared with 162 transactions with license values over $1 million (with total license bookings of $498.1 million) in fiscal 2011.
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Within our ESM segment, where we evaluate performance on the basis of license bookings, total license bookings decreased by $64.7 million, or 11.3%, from fiscal 2011. We attribute this decrease principally to sales-related factors, including a decline in productive sales capacity caused by sales force attrition as well as a decrease in productivity associated with a reduction in average sales force tenure and experience levels. ESM license bookings in the current year have also been adversely impacted by challenging economic and financial conditions in key geographic areas and market segments, particularly within certain European regions and the U.S. public sector.
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Within our MSM segment, where we evaluate performance based on total and annualized bookings, total bookings for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2012 increased by $51.9 million, or 6.2%, and on an annualized basis, after normalizing for contract length, decreased by $27.0 million, or 9.3%, as compared to the prior year period. Over the trailing 36 months ended March 31, 2012, total MSM bookings increased by $156.7 million, or 6.5%, and annualized bookings, after normalizing for contract length, were essentially flat as compared to the prior year period.
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Total revenue was $2,172.0 million, representing an increase of $106.7 million, or 5.2%, over fiscal 2011. This increase was reflective of license, maintenance and professional services revenue increases of $13.3 million, or 1.5%, $56.2 million, or 5.5%, and $37.2 million, or 21.1%, respectively. On a segment basis, total ESM revenue increased by $63.1 million, or 4.9%, and total MSM revenue increased by $43.6 million, or 5.5%, over fiscal 2011.
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Operating income was $543.9 million, representing an increase of $11.1 million, or 2.1%, over fiscal 2011. Non-GAAP operating income was $779.6 million, representing an increase of $46.9 million, or 6.4%, over fiscal 2011.
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Net earnings were $401.0 million, representing a decrease of $55.2 million, or 12.1%, from fiscal 2011. Included in net earnings for fiscal 2012 and 2011 were net tax benefits of $6.2 million and $57.2 million, respectively, associated with tax authority settlements related to prior years’ tax matters which were excluded from our non-GAAP results. Non-GAAP net earnings were $562.1 million, representing an increase of $15.9 million, or 2.9%, over fiscal 2011.
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Diluted earnings per share was $2.32, representing a decrease of $0.18, or 7.2%, from fiscal 2011. Included in diluted earnings per share for fiscal 2012 and 2011 were net tax benefits of $0.04 and $0.31 per share, respectively, associated with tax authority settlements related to prior years’ tax matters which were excluded from our non-GAAP results. Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share was $3.25, representing an increase of $0.26, or 8.7%, over fiscal 2011.
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Cash flows from operations were $800.3 million, representing an increase of $35.1 million, or 4.6%, over fiscal 2011. We closed out the year with a strong balance sheet at March 31, 2012, including $1.6 billion in cash, cash equivalents and investments and $2.0 billion in deferred revenue.
We continue to invest in our technology leadership, including in the areas of cloud computing and SaaS. In addition to our ongoing product development efforts, we consummated multiple strategic acquisitions across both our ESM and MSM segments during fiscal 2012 for aggregate cash consideration of $474.0 million. In our ESM segment, we acquired Coradiant Inc., Aeroprise, Inc., StreamStep, Inc. and Numara Software Holdings, Inc., the latter of which we recently acquired in the fourth quarter and which expands our IT service management solution offerings to small and mid-sized businesses. In our MSM segment, we completed the purchase of Neon Enterprise Software, LLC’s IMS software portfolio and I/O Concepts Software Corporation.
We also continue to enhance shareholder value by returning cash to shareholders through our stock repurchase program. During fiscal 2012, we repurchased approximately 19.2 million shares for a total value of $780.5 million.
Our earnings are subject to volatility as a significant portion of our operating expenses is fixed in the short-term and we plan a portion of our expense run-rate based on our expectations of future revenue. In addition, a significant amount of our license transactions are completed during the final weeks and days of each quarter, and therefore, we generally do not know whether revenue has met our expectations until after the end of the quarter. If a shortfall in revenue were to occur in any given quarter, there would be an immediate, and possibly significant, impact to our overall earnings and, most likely, our stock price.
Because our software solutions are designed for and marketed to companies looking to improve the management of their IT infrastructure and processes, demand for our products, and therefore our financial results, are dependent upon customers continuing to value such solutions and to invest in such technology. There are a number of trends that have historically influenced demand for IT management software, including, among others, business demands placed on IT, computing capacity within IT departments, complexity of IT systems and IT operational costs. Our financial results are also influenced by many economic and industry conditions, including, but not limited to, general economic and market conditions in the United States and other economies in which we market products, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, general levels of customer spending, IT budgets, the competitiveness of the IT management software and solutions industry, the adoption rate for Business Service Management and the stability of the mainframe market.
Acquisitions
We have consummated multiple acquisitions of businesses in recent years. Each of these acquisitions has been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, the financial results for these entities have been included in our consolidated financial results since the applicable acquisition dates.
Fiscal 2012 Acquisitions
During fiscal 2012, we completed the acquisitions of Numara Software Holdings, Inc., a provider of integrated IT service management solutions for mid-sized and small companies, for total cash consideration of $305.9 million, and Coradiant Inc., a global provider of end-to-end performance management of web applications, for total cash consideration of $130.0 million. Additionally, we completed the acquisitions of Aeroprise, Inc., a provider of mobile IT service management solutions, Neon Enterprise Software, LLC’s IMS software portfolio, StreamStep, Inc., a provider of application release process management solutions, and I/O Concepts Software Corporation, a provider of mainframe management and security solutions, for combined cash consideration of $38.1 million.
Fiscal 2011 Acquisitions
During fiscal 2011, we completed the acquisition of the software business of Neptuny S.r.l., a provider of continuous capacity optimization software, and the acquisition of GridApp Systems, Inc., a provider of comprehensive database provisioning, patching and administration software, for combined purchase consideration of $51.5 million.
Fiscal 2010 Acquisitions
During fiscal 2010, we completed the acquisitions of MQSoftware, Inc., a provider of middleware and enterprise application transaction management software, Tideway Systems Limited, a provider of IT discovery solutions, and Phurnace Software, Inc., a developer of software that automates the deployment and configuration of business-critical Java™ EE applications, for combined purchase consideration of $94.3 million.
Historical Information
Historical performance should not be viewed as indicative of future performance, as there can be no assurance that operating income or net earnings will be sustained at these levels. For a discussion of factors affecting operating results, see the Risk Factors section above.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, for the fiscal years indicated, the percentages that selected items in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income represent of total revenue. These financial results are not necessarily indicative of future results.
Revenue
The following table provides information regarding software license and software maintenance revenue for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010.
Software License Revenue
License revenue was $877.8 million, $864.5 million and $758.4 million for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
License revenue in fiscal 2012 increased by $13.3 million, or 1.5%, over fiscal 2011. This increase was attributable to a license revenue increase in our MSM segment, partially offset by a license revenue decrease in our ESM segment, as further discussed below. Recognition of license revenue in fiscal 2012 that was deferred in prior periods increased by $9.7 million over fiscal 2011. Of the license revenue transactions recorded, the percentage of license revenue recognized upfront increased to 54% for fiscal 2012 as compared to 51% in fiscal 2011.
License revenue in fiscal 2011 increased by $106.1 million, or 14.0%, over fiscal 2010. This increase was attributable to license revenue increases in both our ESM and MSM segments, as further discussed below. Recognition of license revenue in fiscal 2011 that was deferred in prior periods increased by $4.3 million over fiscal 2010. Of the license revenue transactions recorded, the percentage of license revenue recognized upfront increased to 51% for fiscal 2011 as compared to 48% in fiscal 2010.
ESM license revenue was $543.3 million, or 61.9%, $550.9 million, or 63.7%, and $462.2 million, or 60.9%, of our total license revenue for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. ESM license revenue in fiscal 2012 decreased by $7.6 million, or 1.4%, from fiscal 2011, due to a $13.4 million decrease in the recognition of previously deferred license revenue, partially offset by a $5.8 million increase in the amount of upfront license revenue recognized in connection with new transactions. ESM license revenue in fiscal 2011 increased by $88.7 million, or 19.2%, over fiscal 2010, primarily due to a $77.9 million increase in the amount of upfront license revenue recognized in connection with new transactions and a $10.8 million increase in the recognition of previously deferred license revenue. The increase in upfront license revenue recognized was attributable to an increase in ESM license transaction bookings, due primarily to increased demand for our BSM solutions and increased sales productivity, and a higher percentage of license transaction bookings that were recognized as upfront revenue rather than ratably over the underlying contractual maintenance terms.
MSM license revenue was $334.5 million, or 38.1%, $313.6 million, or 36.3%, and $296.2 million, or 39.1%, of our total license revenue for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. MSM license revenue in fiscal 2012 increased by $20.9 million, or 6.7%, over fiscal 2011, due to a $23.1 million increase in the recognition of previously deferred license revenue, partially offset by a $2.2 million decrease in the amount of upfront license revenue recognized in connection with new transactions. MSM license revenue in fiscal 2011 increased by $17.4 million, or 5.9%, over fiscal 2010, primarily due to a $23.9 million increase in the amount of upfront license revenue recognized in connection with new transactions, partially offset by a $6.5 million decrease in the recognition of previously deferred license revenue. The increase in upfront license revenue recognized in fiscal 2011 was attributable to an increase in license bookings and a higher percentage of license bookings that were recognized as upfront revenue rather than ratably over the underlying contractual maintenance terms.
For fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, our recognized license revenue was impacted by the changes in our deferred license revenue balance as follows:
The primary reasons for license revenue deferrals include, but are not limited to, customer transactions that include products for which the maintenance pricing is based on a combination of undiscounted license list prices, net license fees or discounted license list prices, certain arrangements that include unlimited licensing rights, time-based licenses that are recognized over the term of the arrangement, customer transactions that include products with differing maintenance periods and other transactions for which we do not have or are not able to determine vendor-specific objective evidence of the fair value of the maintenance and/or professional services. The contract terms and conditions that result in deferral of revenue recognition for a given transaction result from arm’s length negotiations between us and our customers. We anticipate our transactions will continue to include such contract terms that result in deferral of the related license revenue as we expand our offerings to meet customers’ product, pricing and licensing needs.
Once it is determined that license revenue for a particular contract must be deferred, based on the contractual terms and application of revenue recognition policies to those terms, we recognize such license revenue either ratably over the term of the contract or when the revenue recognition criteria are met. Because of this, we generally know the timing of the subsequent recognition of license revenue at the time of deferral. Therefore, the amount of license revenue to be recognized from the deferred revenue balance in each future quarter is generally predictable. At March 31, 2012, the deferred license revenue balance was $690.7 million. Estimated future recognition from deferred license revenue at March 31, 2012 is (in millions):
Software Maintenance Revenue
Maintenance revenue was $1,080.4 million, $1,024.2 million and $1,023.7 million for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Maintenance revenue for fiscal 2012 included $9.7 million of revenue from our SaaS offerings, which is included in our ESM segment.
Maintenance revenue in fiscal 2012 increased by $56.2 million, or 5.5% over fiscal 2011. This increase was attributable to maintenance revenue increases in both our ESM and MSM segments, as further discussed below.
Maintenance revenue in fiscal 2011 increased by $0.5 million, essentially flat as compared to fiscal 2010 for both ESM and MSM, as further discussed below.
ESM maintenance revenue was $585.0 million, or 54.1%, $551.5 million, or 53.8%, and $550.9 million, or 53.8%, of our total maintenance revenue for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. ESM maintenance revenue in fiscal 2012 increased by $33.5 million, or 6.1%, over fiscal 2011. This year over year increase was attributable primarily to the expansion of our installed ESM customer license base and a $9.2 million increase in SaaS subscription revenue. ESM maintenance revenue remained relatively flat in fiscal 2011 as compared to fiscal 2010.
MSM maintenance revenue was $495.4 million, or 45.9%, $472.7 million, or 46.2%, and $472.8 million, or 46.2%, of our total maintenance revenue for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. MSM maintenance revenue in fiscal 2012 increased by $22.7 million, or 4.8%, over fiscal 2011, due to the expansion of our installed MSM customer license base and increasing capacities of the current installed base. MSM maintenance revenue remained relatively flat in fiscal 2011 as compared to fiscal 2010.
At March 31, 2012, the deferred maintenance revenue balance was $1,267.2 million. Estimated future recognition from deferred maintenance revenue at March 31, 2012 is (in millions):
Domestic vs. International Revenue
We estimate that the effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on our international revenue resulted in an approximate $11 million increase in total fiscal 2012 revenue as compared to fiscal 2011 and an approximate $4 million increase in total fiscal 2011 revenue as compared to fiscal 2010, on a constant currency basis.
Domestic License Revenue
Domestic license revenue was $412.5 million, or 47.0%, $420.4 million, or 48.6%, and $390.3 million, or 51.5%, of our total license revenue for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Domestic license revenue in fiscal 2012 decreased by $7.9 million, or 1.9%, from fiscal 2011, due to a $9.2 million decrease in ESM license revenue, partially offset by a $1.3 million increase in MSM license revenue.
Domestic license revenue in fiscal 2011 increased by $30.1 million, or 7.7%, over fiscal 2010, due to a $35.6 million increase in ESM license revenue, partially offset by a $5.5 million decrease in MSM license revenue.
International License Revenue
International license revenue was $465.3 million, or 53.0%, $444.1 million, or 51.4%, and $368.1 million, or 48.5%, of our total license revenue for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
International license revenue in fiscal 2012 increased by $21.2 million, or 4.8%, over fiscal 2011, due to a $1.6 million increase in ESM license revenue and a $19.6 million increase in MSM license revenue. The ESM license revenue increase was attributable to increases of $7.7 million, $7.2 million and $5.5 million in our Latin America, Asia Pacific and Canada markets, respectively, partially offset by an $18.8 million decrease in our Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) market. The MSM license revenue increase was attributable to increases of $12.7 million, $11.6 million and $2.4 million in our EMEA, Latin America and Asia Pacific markets, respectively, partially offset by a $7.1 million decrease in our Canada market.
International license revenue in fiscal 2011 increased by $76.0 million, or 20.6%, over fiscal 2010, due to a $53.1 million increase in ESM license revenue and a $22.9 million increase in MSM license revenue. The ESM license revenue increase was attributable to increases of $33.0 million and $12.3 million in our EMEA and Asia Pacific markets, respectively, and a combined $7.8 million net increase in our other international markets. The MSM license revenue increase was attributable to increases of $13.1 million and $9.8 million in our Canada and EMEA markets, respectively.
Domestic Maintenance Revenue
Domestic maintenance revenue was $581.7 million, or 53.8%, $556.8 million, or 54.4%, and $561.4 million, or 54.8%, of our total maintenance revenue for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Domestic maintenance revenue in fiscal 2012 increased by $24.9 million, or 4.5%, over fiscal 2011, due to a $19.0 million increase in ESM maintenance revenue and a $5.9 million increase in MSM maintenance revenue.
Domestic maintenance revenue in fiscal 2011 decreased by $4.6 million, or 0.8%, from fiscal 2010, due to a $5.2 million decrease in ESM maintenance revenue, partially offset by a $0.6 million increase in MSM maintenance revenue.
International Maintenance Revenue
International maintenance revenue was $498.7 million, or 46.2%, $467.4 million, or 45.6%, and $462.3 million, or 45.2%, of our total maintenance revenue for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
International maintenance revenue in fiscal 2012 increased by $31.3 million, or 6.7%, over fiscal 2011, due to a $14.4 million increase in ESM maintenance revenue and a $16.9 million increase in MSM maintenance revenue. The ESM maintenance revenue increase was attributable primarily to increases of $6.5 million, $5.9 million and $1.3 million in our Asia Pacific, EMEA and Canada markets, respectively. The MSM maintenance revenue increase was attributable primarily to increases of $8.7 million, $6.6 million and $2.0 million in our Latin America, EMEA and Asia Pacific markets, respectively.
International maintenance revenue in fiscal 2011 increased by $5.1 million, or 1.1%, over fiscal 2010, due to a $5.8 million increase in ESM maintenance revenue, partially offset by a $0.7 million decrease in MSM maintenance revenue. The ESM maintenance revenue increase was attributable primarily to increases of $4.4 million and $1.7 million in our Asia Pacific and Canada markets, respectively. The MSM maintenance revenue decrease was attributable to decreases of $5.3 million and $1.4 million in our EMEA and Latin America markets, respectively, partially offset by increases of $4.2 million and $1.8 million in our Asia Pacific and Canada markets, respectively.
Professional Services Revenue
Professional services revenue in fiscal 2012 increased by $37.2 million, or 21.1%, over fiscal 2011, which is reflective of a $17.7 million, or 20.6%, increase in domestic professional services revenue and a $19.5 million, or 21.5%, increase in international professional services revenue. These increases were attributable primarily to increases in implementation, consulting and education services revenue period over period, including increased demand for cloud implementations.
Professional services revenue in fiscal 2011 increased by $47.5 million, or 36.8%, over fiscal 2010, which is reflective of a $26.1 million, or 43.6%, increase in domestic professional services revenue and a $21.4 million, or 30.9%, increase in international professional services revenue. These increases were attributable primarily to increases in implementation, consulting and education services revenue period over period, principally due to the expansion of our ESM business.
Operating Expenses
We estimate that the effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on our international operating expenses resulted in an approximate $14 million increase in fiscal 2012 operating expenses as compared to fiscal 2011 and an approximate $2 million reduction in fiscal 2011 operating expenses as compared to fiscal 2010, on a constant currency basis.
Cost of License Revenue
Cost of license revenue consists primarily of the amortization of capitalized software costs for internally developed products, the amortization of acquired technology for products acquired through business combinations, license-based royalties to third parties and production and distribution costs for initial product licenses. For fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, cost of license revenue was $158.4 million, or 7.3%, $129.8 million, or 6.3%, and $115.5 million, or 6.0%, of total revenue, respectively, and 18.0%, 15.0% and 15.2% of license revenue, respectively.
Cost of license revenue in fiscal 2012 increased by $28.6 million, or 22.0%, over fiscal 2011. This increase was attributable primarily to an $18.6 million increase in the amortization of capitalized software development costs and a $10.0 million increase in the amortization of acquired technology. The increase in the amortization of capitalized software development costs is related to increases in the amount of costs capitalized in prior periods related to development activities, and represents an increased investment in software development due to the growth of our business.
Cost of license revenue in fiscal 2011 increased by $14.3 million, or 12.4%, over fiscal 2010. This increase was attributable primarily to an $11.9 million increase in the amortization of capitalized software development costs and a $1.7 million increase in the amortization of acquired technology. The increase in the amortization of capitalized software development costs is related to increases in the amount of costs capitalized in prior periods related to development activities, and represents an increased investment in software development due to the growth of our business.
Cost of Maintenance Revenue
Cost of maintenance revenue consists primarily of the costs associated with customer support and research and development personnel that provide maintenance, enhancement and support services to our customers, as well as internal and third party infrastructure hosting and support costs associated with our SaaS offerings. For fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, cost of maintenance revenue was $198.5 million, or 9.1%, $169.4 million, or 8.2%, and $158.3 million, or 8.3%, of total revenue, respectively, and 18.4%, 16.5% and 15.5% of maintenance revenue, respectively.
Cost of maintenance revenue in fiscal 2012 increased by $29.1 million, or 17.2%, over fiscal 2011. This increase was attributable to a $7.3 million increase in third party maintenance outsourcing costs, a $5.5 million increase in personnel costs, including third party subcontracting fees, a $5.4 million increase in share-based compensation expense, a $4.3 million increase related to the early exit of a long-term service contract, a $3.5 million increase in third party SaaS hosting and support costs and a $3.1 million net increase in other expenses.
Cost of maintenance revenue in fiscal 2011 increased by $11.1 million, or 7.0%, over fiscal 2010. This increase was attributable to a $6.2 million increase in personnel costs, including third party subcontracting fees, a $1.9 million increase in share-based compensation expense and a $3.0 million net increase in other expenses.
Cost of Professional Services Revenue
Cost of professional services revenue consists primarily of salaries, related personnel costs and third party subcontracting fees associated with implementation, consulting and education services that we provide to our customers and the related infrastructure to support this business. For fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, cost of professional services revenue was $212.0 million, or 9.8%, $186.0 million, or 9.0%, and $137.7 million, or 7.2%, of total revenue, respectively, and 99.2%, 105.3% and 106.7% of professional services revenue, respectively.
Cost of professional services revenue in fiscal 2012 increased by $26.0 million, or 14.0%, over fiscal 2011. This increase was attributable primarily to a $19.7 million increase in personnel and related costs and a $5.7 million increase in third party subcontracting fees, commensurate with increases in professional services revenue.
Cost of professional services revenue in fiscal 2011 increased by $48.3 million, or 35.1%, over fiscal 2010. This increase was attributable to a $31.3 million increase in third party subcontracting fees, a $13.9 million increase in personnel and related costs, a $1.2 million increase in share-based compensation expense and a $1.9 million net increase in other expenses, commensurate with increases in professional services revenue.
Selling and Marketing Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, related personnel costs, sales commissions and costs associated with advertising, marketing, industry trade shows and sales seminars. For fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, selling and marketing expenses were $634.0 million, or 29.2%, $611.4 million, or 29.6%, and $558.0 million, or 29.2%, of total revenue, respectively.
Selling and marketing expenses in fiscal 2012 increased by $22.6 million, or 3.7%, over fiscal 2011. This increase was attributable to a $14.2 million increase in sales personnel and related costs, principally due to an increase in variable compensation expense attributable to increased revenue as well as an increase in sales personnel headcount, a $9.1 million increase in marketing campaign expenditures, a $4.6 million increase in share-based compensation expense and a $1.5 million net increase in other expenses, partially offset by a $4.1 million decrease in third party consulting fees and a $2.7 million decrease in legal costs relating to a fiscal 2011 matter.
Selling and marketing expenses in fiscal 2011 increased by $53.4 million, or 9.6%, over fiscal 2010. This increase was attributable to a $50.4 million increase in sales personnel and related costs, principally due to an increase in variable compensation expense attributable to increased revenue as well as an increase in sales personnel headcount, a $3.5 million increase in share-based compensation expense and a $2.7 million increase in legal costs relating to a fiscal 2011 matter, partially offset by a $3.2 million net decrease in other expenses.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, related personnel costs and third party subcontracting fees related to software developers and development support personnel, including product management, software programmers, testing and quality assurance personnel and writers of technical documentation, such as product manuals and installation guides. These expenses also include computer hardware and software costs, telecommunications costs and personnel costs associated with our development and production labs. For fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, research and development expenses were $165.2 million, or 7.6%, $181.6 million, or 8.8%, and $195.9 million, or 10.3%, of total revenue, respectively.
Research and development expenses in fiscal 2012 decreased by $16.4 million, or 9.0%, from fiscal 2011. This decrease reflects a $19.8 million increase in capitalized research and development costs related to software development projects, due to the scope and timing of several key future product releases, a $1.8 million decrease in equipment expense, a $1.7 million decrease in facilities expenses and a $3.1 million net decrease in other expenses, partially offset by a $7.2 million increase in personnel and related costs and a $2.8 million increase in share-based compensation expense.
Research and development expenses in fiscal 2011 decreased by $14.3 million, or 7.3%, from fiscal 2010. This decrease was attributable primarily to a $35.7 million increase in capitalized research and development costs resulting from additional internal investments made in new products, including the expansion of our BSM solution offerings, partially offset by a $22.0 million increase in research and development personnel costs.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related personnel costs of executive management, finance and accounting, facilities management, legal and human resources. Other costs included in general and administrative expenses include fees paid for outside accounting and legal services, consulting projects and insurance. During fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, general and administrative expenses were $217.9 million, or 10.0%, $220.7 million, or 10.7%, and $207.0 million, or 10.8%, of total revenue, respectively.
General and administrative expenses in fiscal 2012 decreased by $2.8 million, or 1.3%, from fiscal 2011. This decrease was attributable to an $8.2 million decrease in personnel costs, principally due to a decrease in variable compensation expense, and a $3.5 million decrease in facilities expenses, partially offset by a $6.4 million increase in share-based compensation expense and a $2.5 million net increase in other expenses.
General and administrative expenses in fiscal 2011 increased by $13.7 million, or 6.6%, over fiscal 2010. This increase was attributable to a $9.7 million increase in share-based compensation expense and a $7.1 million increase in personnel costs, principally due to an increase in variable compensation expense, partially offset by a $3.1 million net decrease in other expenses.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Amortization of intangible assets consists of the amortization of customer relationships and other intangible assets recorded in connection with our business combinations. During fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, amortization of intangible assets was $42.1 million, $33.6 million and $32.7 million, respectively.
Amortization of intangible assets in fiscal 2012 increased by $8.5 million, or 25.3%, over fiscal 2011. This increase was attributable primarily to amortization associated with intangible assets acquired in connection with our fiscal 2011 and 2012 acquisitions.
Amortization of intangible assets in fiscal 2011 increased by $0.9 million, or 2.8%, over fiscal 2010. This increase was attributable primarily to amortization associated with intangible assets acquired in connection with our fiscal 2010 and 2011 acquisitions, partially offset by a reduction in amortization associated with intangible assets acquired in connection with past acquisitions that became fully amortized.
Other Income (Loss), Net
Other income (loss), net, consists primarily of interest earned, realized gains and losses on investments and interest expense on our senior unsecured notes due 2018 and 2022 and capital leases. Other income (loss), net, for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010 consisted of losses of $13.9 million, $1.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
The change in other income (loss), net for fiscal 2012 was attributable to a $4.5 million reduction in net gains on investments primarily due to market declines on our trading securities, a $4.4 million reduction in interest and other income primarily due to a reduction in interest on our financed accounts receivable and a $3.5 million increase in interest expense primarily due to the issuance of our senior unsecured notes due 2022.
Other income (loss), net, for fiscal 2011 remained relatively flat as compared to fiscal 2010.
Provision for Income Taxes
We recorded income tax expense of $129.0 million, $75.1 million and $98.1 million in fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, resulting in effective tax rates of 24.3%, 14.1% and 19.5%, respectively. Our effective tax rate generally differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% due to favorable tax rates associated with earnings from lower tax rate jurisdictions throughout the world and our policy of indefinitely reinvesting earnings from certain jurisdictions (primarily in Europe), as well as due to additional accruals, changes in estimates, releases and settlements with taxing authorities related to our uncertain tax positions and benefits associated with income attributable to both domestic production activities and the extraterritorial income exclusion. The overall favorable effects of foreign tax rates on our effective tax rate were 7.7%, 10.3% and 5.9% of pre-tax earnings for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. We also recorded discrete net tax benefits of $6.2 million, $57.2 million and $30.0 million in fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, associated with tax authority settlements related to prior years’ tax matters which favorably impacted our effective tax rate by 1.2%, 10.8% and 6.0% of pre-tax earnings, respectively. Our effective tax rate could fluctuate on an annual basis and could be adversely affected to the extent earnings are lower than anticipated in countries with lower statutory rates and higher than anticipated in countries with higher statutory rates.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliations
In an effort to provide investors with additional information regarding our results as determined by GAAP, we disclose various non-GAAP financial measures in our quarterly earnings press releases and other public disclosures. The primary non-GAAP financial measures we focus on are: (i) non-GAAP operating income, (ii) non-GAAP net earnings, and (iii) non-GAAP diluted earnings per share. Each of these financial measures excludes the impact of certain items and therefore has not been calculated in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures exclude share-based compensation expense; the amortization of intangible assets; severance, exit costs and related charges; as well as the related tax impacts of these items; and certain discrete tax items. Each of the non-GAAP adjustments is described in more detail below. A reconciliation of each of these non-GAAP financial measures to its most comparable GAAP financial measure is also included below.
We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our operating results because they exclude amounts that BMC management and the Board of Directors do not consider part of core operating results when assessing the performance of the organization. In addition, we have historically reported similar non-GAAP financial measures, and we believe that inclusion of these non-GAAP financial measures provides consistency and comparability with past reports of financial results. Accordingly, we believe these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors in allowing for greater transparency of supplemental information used by management.
While we believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful supplemental information, there are limitations associated with the use of these non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP, do not reflect a comprehensive system of accounting and may not be completely comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies due to potential differences in the exact method of calculation between companies. Items such as share-based compensation expense; the amortization of intangible assets; severance, exit costs and related charges; as well as the related tax impacts of these items; and certain discrete tax items that are excluded from our non-GAAP financial measures can have a material impact on net earnings. As a result, these non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, net earnings, cash flow from operations or other measures of performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by using these non-GAAP financial measures as supplements to GAAP financial measures and by reconciling the non-GAAP financial measures to their most comparable GAAP financial measure. Investors are encouraged to review the reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most comparable GAAP financial measures below.
For a detailed explanation of the adjustments made to comparable GAAP financial measures, the reasons why management uses these measures and the usefulness of these measures, see items (1) - (5) below.
* Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share is computed independently for each period presented. The sum of GAAP diluted earnings per share and non-GAAP adjustments per share may not equal non-GAAP diluted earnings per share due to rounding differences.
(1) Share-based compensation expense. Our non-GAAP financial measures exclude the compensation expenses required to be recorded by GAAP for equity awards to employees and directors. Management and the Board of Directors believe it is useful in evaluating corporate performance during a particular time period to review the supplemental non-GAAP financial measures, excluding expenses related to share-based compensation, because these costs are generally fixed at the time an award is granted, are then expensed over several years and generally cannot be changed or influenced by management once granted.
(2) Amortization of intangible assets. Our non-GAAP financial measures exclude costs associated with the amortization of intangible assets, which are included in cost of license revenue and amortization of intangible assets in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Management and the Board of Directors believe it is useful in evaluating corporate performance during a particular time period to review the supplemental non-GAAP financial measures, excluding amortization of intangible assets, because these costs are fixed at the time of an acquisition, are then amortized over a period of several years after the acquisition and generally cannot be changed or influenced by management after the acquisition.
(3) Severance, exit costs and related charges. Our non-GAAP financial measures exclude severance, exit costs and related charges, and any subsequent changes in estimates, as they relate to our corporate restructuring and exit activities. Management and the Board of Directors believe it is useful in evaluating corporate performance during a particular time period to review the supplemental non-GAAP financial measures, excluding severance, exit costs and related charges, in order to provide comparability and consistency with historical operating results.
(4) Provision for income taxes on above pre-tax non-GAAP adjustments. Our non-GAAP financial measures exclude the tax impact of the above pre-tax non-GAAP adjustments. This amount is calculated using the tax rates of each country to which these pre-tax non-GAAP adjustments relate. Management excludes the non-GAAP adjustments on a net-of-tax basis in evaluating our performance. Therefore, we exclude the tax impact of these charges when presenting non-GAAP financial measures.
(5) Certain discrete tax items. Our non-GAAP financial measures exclude net tax benefits of $6.2 million, $57.2 million and $30.0 million for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, associated with tax authority settlements related to prior years’ tax matters. Management excludes the impact of these items in evaluating our performance. Therefore, we exclude these items when presenting non-GAAP financial measures.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At March 31, 2012, we had $1.6 billion in cash, cash equivalents and investments, approximately 60% of which was held by our international subsidiaries and was largely generated from our international operations. Our international operations have generated $615.8 million of earnings that we have determined will be invested indefinitely in those operations. If such earnings were to be repatriated, we would incur a United States federal income tax liability that is not currently accrued in our financial statements. We also had outstanding letters of credit, performance bonds and similar instruments at March 31, 2012 of approximately $44.6 million primarily in support of performance obligations to various customers, but also related to facilities and other obligations.
At March 31, 2012 and 2011, we held auction rate securities with a par value of $29.3 million and $29.8 million, respectively, which were classified as available-for-sale. The total estimated fair value of our auction rate securities was $26.9 million and $27.2 million at March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Our auction rate securities consist entirely of bonds issued by public agencies that are backed by student loans with at least a 97% guarantee by the federal government under the United States Department of Education’s Federal Family Education Loan Program. All of these bonds are currently rated investment grade by Moody’s or Standard and Poor’s. Auctions for these securities began failing in early 2008 and have continued to fail, resulting in our continuing to hold such securities and the issuers paying interest at the maximum contractual rates. We do not believe that any of the underlying issuers of these auction rate securities are presently at risk of default or that the underlying credit quality of the assets backing the auction rate security investments has been impacted by the reduced liquidity of these investments. Due to the illiquidity in the auction rate securities market caused by failed auctions, we estimated the fair value of these securities and the put option discussed below using internally developed models of the expected cash flows of the securities on a discounted basis. These models incorporate assumptions about the expected cash flows of the underlying student loans discounted at an estimate of the rate of return required by investors, which includes an adjustment to reflect a lack of liquidity in the market for these securities. Periodically, the issuers of certain of our auction rate securities have redeemed portions of our holdings at par value plus accrued interest. During fiscal 2012 and 2011, issuers redeemed available-for-sale holdings of $0.5 million par value and $20.9 million par value, respectively, and trading holdings of $5.4 million par value during fiscal 2011. On July 1, 2010, we exercised our right under a put agreement with a bank from which we acquired certain auction rate securities to put the remaining securities subject to this agreement, with $11.2 million par value, to the bank.
In February 2012, we issued $500.0 million of senior unsecured notes due 2022. Net proceeds to us after original issuance discount and issuance costs amounted to $493.3 million. These senior notes were issued at an original issuance discount of $2.7 million. These senior notes bear interest at a rate of 4.25% per annum, payable semi-annually in February and August of each year. These senior notes are redeemable at our option at any time in whole or, from time to time, in part at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) 100% of the principal amount of these senior notes to be redeemed, or (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest discounted at the applicable United States Treasury rate plus 35 basis points, plus accrued and unpaid interest. These senior notes are subject to the provisions of an indenture which includes covenants limiting, among other things, the creation of liens securing indebtedness and sale-leaseback transactions.
In November 2010, we entered into a credit agreement with certain institutional lenders providing for an unsecured revolving credit facility in an amount up to $400.0 million which is scheduled to expire on November 30, 2014 (the Credit Facility). Subject to certain conditions, at any time prior to maturity, we may invite existing and new lenders to increase the size of the Credit Facility up to a maximum of $600.0 million. The Credit Facility includes provisions for swing line loans of up to $25.0 million and standby letters of credit of up to $50.0 million. Revolving loans under the Credit Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a rate equal to either (i) the base rate (as defined) plus a margin based on the credit ratings of BMC’s senior notes, or (ii) the LIBOR rate (as defined) plus a margin based on the credit ratings of BMC’s senior notes, for interest periods of one, two, three or six months. As of March 31, 2012 and through May 10, 2012, we have not borrowed any funds under the Credit Facility.
In June 2008, we issued $300.0 million of senior unsecured notes due 2018. Net proceeds to us after original issuance discount and issuance costs amounted to $295.6 million. These senior notes were issued at an original issuance discount of $1.8 million. These senior notes bear interest at a rate of 7.25% per annum, payable semi-annually in June and December of each year. These senior notes are redeemable at our option at any time in whole or, from time to time, in part at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) 100% of the principal amount of these senior notes to be redeemed, or (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest discounted at the applicable United States Treasury rate plus 50 basis points, plus accrued and unpaid interest. These senior notes are subject to the provisions of an indenture which includes covenants limiting, among other things, the creation of liens securing indebtedness and sale-leaseback transactions.
We believe that our existing cash and investment balances, funds generated from operating activities and available credit under the Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our working and other capital requirements for the foreseeable future. In the normal course of business, we evaluate the merits of acquiring technology or businesses, or establishing strategic relationships with or investing in these businesses. We may elect to use available cash and investments to fund such activities in the future. In the event additional needs for cash arise, we might find it advantageous to utilize third party financing sources based on factors such as our then available cash and its source (i.e., cash held in the United States versus international locations), the cost of financing and our internal cost of capital.
We may from time to time seek to repurchase or retire securities, including outstanding borrowings and equity securities, in open market repurchases, unsolicited or solicited privately negotiated transactions or in such other manner as will comply with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and the rules and regulations thereunder. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements and contractual restrictions, if applicable. The amount of repurchases, which is subject to management discretion, may be material and may change from period to period.
Our cash flows during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010 were:
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Our primary method for funding operations and growth has been through cash flows generated from operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2012 increased by $35.1 million over fiscal 2011, attributable primarily to the net impact of working capital changes, partially offset by a decrease in net earnings before non-cash expenses (principally depreciation, amortization, share-based compensation expense and deferred income tax provision). Net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2011 increased by $129.8 million over fiscal 2010, attributable primarily to an increase in net earnings before non-cash expenses (principally depreciation, amortization, share-based compensation expense and deferred income tax provision) as well as the net impact of working capital changes.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2012 increased by $518.3 million over fiscal 2011. This increase was attributable primarily to an increase in cash expended for acquisitions, a decrease in proceeds from the maturities and sales of investments, an increase in investment purchases and an increase in capitalization of software development costs. Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2011 decreased by $11.7 million from fiscal 2010. This decrease was attributable primarily to a decrease in investment purchases and in cash expended for acquisitions, offset by a decrease in proceeds from the maturities of investments and an increase in capitalization of software development costs.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal 2012 decreased by $58.9 million from fiscal 2011. This decrease was attributable primarily to an increase in proceeds from borrowings, partially offset by an increase in treasury stock acquired and a decrease in proceeds from stock option exercises. Net cash used in financing activities in fiscal 2011 increased by $182.2 million over fiscal 2010. This increase was attributable primarily to an increase in treasury stock acquired and a decrease in proceeds from borrowings, offset by an increase in proceeds from stock option exercises.
Trade Finance Receivables
We provide financing on a portion of our sales transactions to customers that meet our standards of creditworthiness. We believe our practice of providing financing at reasonable market interest rates enhances our competitive position. We participate in established programs with third party financial institutions and sell a significant portion of our finance receivables to such institutions on a non-recourse basis, enabling us to collect cash on a timely basis while fully transferring credit risk of customer default to third party financial institutions. We record transfers of finance receivables to third party financial institutions as sales of such finance receivables when we have surrendered control of such receivables (including determining that such assets have been isolated beyond our reach and the reach of our creditors) and when we do not have significant continuing involvement in the generation of cash flows due the financial institutions. During fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, we transferred $227.9 million, $172.3 million and $208.8 million, respectively, of such receivables through these programs.
Treasury Stock Purchases
Our Board of Directors has authorized a total of $5.0 billion to repurchase common stock. During fiscal 2012, we repurchased 19.2 million shares for $780.5 million. From the inception of the stock repurchase authorization through March 31, 2012, we have purchased 152.0 million shares for $4.1 billion. At March 31, 2012, there was $850.2 million remaining in the stock repurchase program, which does not have an expiration date. In addition, during fiscal 2012, we repurchased 0.9 million shares for $38.2 million to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of share-based awards.
The repurchase of stock will continue to be funded primarily with cash generated from domestic operations, and therefore, affects our overall domestic versus international liquidity balances. See Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities above for a monthly detail of treasury stock purchases for the quarter ended March 31, 2012.
Contractual Obligations
The following is a summary of our contractual obligations at March 31, 2012:
(1) Represents contractual amounts due, including interest.
(2) Represents obligations under agreements with non-cancelable terms to purchase goods or services. The agreements are enforceable and legally binding, and contain specific terms, including quantities to be purchased and the timing of the purchase.
(3) Total does not include contractual obligations recorded on the balance sheet as current liabilities, other than capital lease obligations and other long-term liabilities above.
(4) We are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate as to when cash settlement with taxing authorities will occur for our unrecognized tax benefits due to the uncertainties related to these tax matters. Therefore, our liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $90.5 million, including interest and penalties, is not included in the table above.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. On an on-going basis, we make and evaluate estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, capitalized software development costs, share-based compensation, goodwill and intangible assets, valuation of investments and accounting for income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances; the results of which form the basis for making judgments about amounts and timing of revenue and expenses, the carrying values of assets and the recorded amounts of liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates and such estimates may change if the underlying conditions or assumptions change. We have discussed the development and selection of the critical accounting policies with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, and the Audit Committee has reviewed the related disclosures below.
Revenue Recognition
We derive revenue principally from software-related arrangements consisting of software license, maintenance and professional services offerings and non-software arrangements consisting of our SaaS offerings. We commence revenue recognition when all of the following core revenue recognition criteria are satisfied: i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; ii) delivery of the license or service has occurred or is occurring; iii) the arrangement fee is fixed or determinable; and iv) collection of the arrangement fee is probable.
Software License, Maintenance and Professional Services Arrangements
Software license revenue is recognized when the core revenue recognition criteria above are satisfied and vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) of the fair value of undelivered elements exists. As substantially all of our software licenses are sold in multiple-element arrangements that include either maintenance or both maintenance and professional services, we use the residual method to determine the amount of license revenue to be recognized. Under the residual method, consideration is allocated to undelivered elements based upon VSOE of the fair value of those elements, with the residual of the arrangement fee allocated to and recognized as license revenue. We have established VSOE of the fair value of maintenance through independent maintenance renewals. These demonstrate a consistent relationship of pricing maintenance as a percentage of either the net license fee or the discounted or undiscounted license list price. VSOE of the fair value of professional services is established based on daily rates when sold on a stand-alone basis, as well as management-approved pricing for certain new offerings.
We are unable to establish VSOE of fair value for all undelivered elements in certain arrangements that include multiple software products for which the associated maintenance pricing is based on a combination of undiscounted license list prices, net license fees or discounted license list prices. We are also unable to establish VSOE of fair value for all undelivered elements in certain arrangements that include unlimited licensing rights and certain arrangements that contain rights to future unspecified software products as part of the maintenance offering. If VSOE of fair value of one or more undelivered elements does not exist, license revenue is deferred and recognized upon delivery of those elements or when VSOE of fair value exists for all remaining undelivered elements, or if the deferral is due to the factors described above, license revenue is recognized ratably over the longest expected delivery period of undelivered elements in the arrangement, which is typically the longest maintenance term.
In our time-based license agreements, we are unable to establish VSOE of fair value for undelivered maintenance elements because the contractual maintenance terms in these arrangements are the same duration as the license terms, and VSOE of fair value of maintenance cannot be established. Accordingly, license fees in time-based license arrangements are recognized ratably over the term of the arrangements.
Maintenance revenue is recognized ratably over the contractual terms of the maintenance arrangements, which primarily range from one to three years and in some instances can extend up to five or more years.
Professional services revenue, which principally relates to implementation, integration and education services associated with our products, is derived under both time-and-material and fixed fee arrangements and in most instances is recognized on a proportional performance basis based on days of effort. If no discernable customer deliverable exists until the completion of the professional services, we apply the completed performance method and defer the recognition of professional services revenue until completion of the services, which is typically evidenced by a signed completion letter from the customer. Services that are sold in connection with software license arrangements generally qualify for separate accounting from the license elements because they do not involve significant production, modification or customization of our products and are not otherwise considered to be essential to the functionality of such products. In arrangements where the professional services do not qualify for separate accounting from the license elements, the combined software license and professional services revenue are recognized based on contract accounting using either the percentage-of-completion or completed-contract method.
SaaS Arrangements
SaaS subscription fees are recognized ratably over the contractual terms of the subscription arrangements beginning on the date that the service is made available to customers. Additional professional services fees, principally related to optional services engagements that are not essential to the functionality of our core SaaS offerings and are considered to have standalone value, are generally recognized on a proportional performance basis based on days of effort. In our consolidated financial statements, SaaS subscription revenue and optional professional services revenue are included in maintenance and professional services revenue, respectively. To date, SaaS and related professional services revenues have not represented a significant percentage of our total revenue in any period since our SaaS offerings were first introduced to the market in late fiscal 2010.
Other Revenue Recognition Considerations
In arrangements containing both software and non-software (e.g., SaaS) elements, which to date have been infrequent, we allocate the arrangement consideration first into software and non-software units of accounting based on a relative selling price hierarchy and then apply the applicable software and non-software revenue recognition criteria to each unit of accounting. To date, we have determined the relative selling price of software and non-software units of accounting based on management’s best estimate of selling price as other means of determining relative selling price (e.g., VSOE or other third-party evidence) have not been available with respect to all of the components in bundled software and non-software arrangements.
We also execute arrangements through resellers, distributors and systems integrators (collectively, channel partners) in which the channel partners act as the principals in the transactions with the end users of our products and services. In license arrangements with channel partners, title and risk of loss pass to the channel partners upon execution of our arrangements with them and the delivery of our products to the channel partner or the end user. We recognize revenue from transactions with channel partners on a net basis (the amount actually received by us from the channel partners) when all other revenue recognition criteria are satisfied. We do not offer right of return, product rotation or price protection to any of our channel partners.
Revenue from financed customer transactions are generally recognized in the same manner as those requiring current payment, as we have a history of offering installment contracts to customers and successfully enforcing original payment terms without making concessions. In arrangements where the fees are not considered to be fixed or determinable, we recognize revenue when payments become due under the arrangement. If we determine that a transaction is not probable of collection or a risk of concession exists, we do not recognize revenue in excess of the amount of cash received.
We are required to charge certain taxes on our revenue transactions. These amounts are not included in revenue. Instead, we record a liability when the amounts are collected and relieve the liability when payments are made to the applicable government agency.
In our consolidated statements of comprehensive income, revenue is categorized as license, maintenance or professional services revenue. We allocate revenue from arrangements containing multiple elements to each of these categories based on the VSOE of fair value for elements in each revenue arrangement and the application of the residual method for arrangements in which we have established VSOE of fair value for all undelivered elements. In arrangements where we are not able to establish VSOE of fair value for all undelivered elements, we first allocate revenue to any undelivered elements for which VSOE of fair value has been established, then allocate revenue to any undelivered elements for which VSOE of fair value has not been established based upon management’s best estimate of fair value of those undelivered elements and apply a residual method to determine the license fee. Management’s best estimate of fair value of undelivered elements for which VSOE of fair value has not been established is based upon the VSOE of similar offerings and other objective criteria.
Capitalized Software Development Costs
Costs of internally developed software are expensed until the technological feasibility of the software product has been established. Thereafter, software development costs are capitalized until the product is generally available to customers in accordance with relevant accounting standards. Judgment is involved in determining the point at which technological feasibility is reached. If different judgments were made, they could result in a different amount of costs that are capitalized. Capitalized software development costs are then amortized using the greater of an amount determined by the ratio of current revenues recognized to the total anticipated revenues for a product or straight-line over the product’s estimated economic life beginning at the date of general availability of the product to our customers. We evaluate our capitalized software development costs at each balance sheet date to determine if the unamortized balance related to any given product exceeds the estimated net realizable value of that product. Any such excess is written off through accelerated amortization in the quarter in which it is identified. Determining net realizable value requires that we make estimates and use judgment in quantifying the appropriate amount to write off, if any. Actual amounts realized from the sales of software products could differ from our estimates. Also, any future changes to our product portfolio could result in significant increases to our cost of license revenue as a result of the impairment of capitalized software development costs or acquired technology.
Share-Based Compensation
Share-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting period.
We estimate the fair value of stock options and employee stock purchase plan awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. We use the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant as an estimate of fair value for time-based nonvested stock units, and we utilize Monte Carlo simulation models to estimate the fair value of certain market-based nonvested stock units. The fair values of share-based awards determined on the date of grant using a fair value model are impacted by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These assumptions include our expected stock price volatility, the risk-free interest rate over the expected term of the awards and expected stock price volatilities of the NASDAQ-100 Index used in our Monte Carlo simulation models.
We estimate the volatility of our stock price using a combination of both historical volatility and implied volatility derived from market traded options for our stock, as we believe that the combined volatility is more representative of future stock price volatility than either historical or implied volatility alone. We estimate the risk-free interest rate based on zero-coupon yields implied from United States Treasury issues with maturities similar to the expected term of the awards. We estimate the expected term of options granted using the simplified method allowed by relevant accounting standards, due to changes in vesting terms and contractual lives of our current options compared to our historical grants. We have never paid cash dividends and do not currently intend to pay cash dividends, and therefore we assume an expected dividend yield of zero in the valuation models. We estimate potential forfeitures of share-based awards at the time of grant and record compensation expense for those awards expected to vest. The estimate of forfeitures is reassessed over the requisite service period and, to the extent that actual forfeitures differ, or are expected to differ, from such estimates, compensation expense is adjusted through a cumulative catch-up adjustment in the period of change and the remaining unrecognized share-based compensation expense is recorded over the remaining requisite service period. We use historical data to estimate prevesting forfeitures and record share-based compensation expense for those awards that are expected to vest. If we use different assumptions for estimating share-based compensation expense in future periods or if actual forfeitures differ materially from our estimated forfeitures, the amount of such expense recorded in future periods may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the current period.
We record deferred tax assets for share-based awards that we believe will result in deductions on our income tax returns, based on the amount of share-based compensation expense recognized and the statutory tax rate in the jurisdiction in which we will receive a tax deduction. Differences between the deferred tax assets recognized for financial reporting purposes and the actual tax deduction reported on our income tax returns are recorded in additional paid-in capital. If the tax deduction is less than the deferred tax asset, such shortfalls reduce our pool of excess tax benefits. If the pool of excess tax benefits is reduced to zero, then subsequent shortfalls would increase our income tax expense.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
When we acquire a business, a portion of the purchase price is typically allocated to acquired technology and other identifiable intangible assets, such as customer relationships. The excess of our cost over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The amounts allocated to acquired technology and other intangible assets represent our estimates of their fair values at the acquisition date. The fair values are primarily estimated using the expected present value of future cash flows method of applying the income approach, which requires us to project the related future revenue and expenses and apply an appropriate discount rate. We amortize the acquired technology and other intangible assets with finite lives over their estimated useful lives. All goodwill is assessed for impairment annually or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value has been reduced below carrying value. When conducting our annual goodwill impairment assessment, we initially perform a qualitative evaluation of whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired in order to determine the need to perform the two-step impairment test. If we determine by a qualitative evaluation that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, we conduct a quantitative assessment of impairment which requires us to estimate future cash flows.
The estimates used in valuing all intangible assets and assessing useful lives are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Assumptions may be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events and circumstances may occur. Accordingly, actual results may differ from the projected results used to determine fair value and to estimate useful lives. Incorrect estimates of fair value and/or useful lives could result in future impairment charges and those charges could be material to our results of operations.
Valuation of Investments
Our investments consist of debt and equity securities. We classify our investments in equity securities that have readily determinable fair values and all debt securities as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale or trading at acquisition and reevaluate such classification at each subsequent balance sheet date. We do not have any investments classified as held-to-maturity at March 31, 2012 or 2011. Our available-for-sale and trading securities are recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities are recorded, net of tax, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), unless an impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary. Other-than-temporary unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities are generally recorded in gain (loss) on investments, net, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income unless certain criteria are met. In addition, unrealized gains and losses on trading securities and all realized gains and losses are recorded in gain (loss) on investments, net, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. We account for our investments in non-marketable equity securities where we do not have significant influence and that do not have a readily determinable fair value under the cost method of accounting. We regularly analyze our portfolio of available-for-sale and cost method investments for other-than-temporary declines in fair value. This analysis requires significant judgment as well as the use of estimates and assumptions. The primary factors considered when determining if a charge must be recorded because a decline in the fair value of an investment is other-than-temporary include whether: (i) the fair value of the investment is significantly below our cost basis; (ii) the financial condition of the issuer of the security has deteriorated; (iii) if a debt security, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the security; (iv) the decline in fair value has existed for an extended period of time; (v) if a debt security, such security has been downgraded by a rating agency; and (vi) whether we have the intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. We have investment policies which are designed to ensure that our assets are invested in capital-preserving securities. However, from time to time, issuer-specific and market-specific events could warrant a write down for an other-than-temporary decline in fair value.
At March 31, 2012, we held auction rate securities with a par value of $29.3 million and an estimated fair value of $26.9 million. Our auction rate securities consist entirely of bonds issued by public agencies that are backed by student loans with at least a 97% guarantee by the federal government under the United States Department of Education’s Federal Family Education Loan Program. All of these bonds are currently rated investment grade by Moody’s or Standard and Poor’s. Auctions for these securities began failing in early 2008 and have continued to fail, resulting in our continuing to hold such securities and the issuers paying interest at the maximum contractual rates. We do not believe that any of the underlying issuers of these auction rate securities are presently at risk of default or that the underlying credit quality of the assets backing the auction rate security investments has been impacted by the reduced liquidity of these investments. Due to the illiquidity in the auction rate securities market caused by failed auctions, we estimated the fair value of these securities using internally developed models of the expected cash flows of the securities. These models incorporate assumptions about the cash flows of the underlying student loans and estimates of the rate of return required by investors, which includes an adjustment to reflect a lack of liquidity in the market for these securities.
As the vast majority of our investments are investment-grade securities, we anticipate that any future impairment charges related to these investments will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations. Investments in debt and equity securities with a fair value below our cost at March 31, 2012 are discussed in greater detail in Note 3 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Accounting for Income Taxes
Income tax expense or benefit is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year’s results and for deferred tax assets and liabilities related to the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide income tax provision. In the ordinary course of a global business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of revenue sharing and cost reimbursement arrangements among related entities and the process of identifying items of revenue and expense that qualify for preferential tax treatment. We are subject to corporate income tax audits in multiple jurisdictions and our income tax expense includes amounts intended to satisfy income tax assessments that may result from the examination of our tax returns that have been filed in these jurisdictions. Although we believe that our estimates are reasonable, the final tax outcome of these matters could be different from that which is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. Such differences could have a material effect on our income tax provision and net earnings in the period in which such determination is made.
Our effective tax rate includes the impact of certain undistributed foreign earnings for which no United States taxes have been provided because such earnings are planned to be indefinitely reinvested outside the United States. Remittances of foreign earnings to the United States are planned based on projected cash flow, working capital and investment needs of foreign and domestic operations. Based on these assumptions, we estimate the amount that will be distributed to the United States and provide United States federal taxes on these amounts. Material changes in our estimates could impact our effective tax rate.
In order for us to realize our deferred tax assets, we must be able to generate sufficient taxable income in those jurisdictions where the deferred tax assets are located. We consider future market growth, forecasted earnings, future taxable income, the mix of earnings in the jurisdictions in which we operate and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in determining the need for a valuation allowance. In the event we were to determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax assets would be charged to earnings in the period in which we make such determination.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2010 and in September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued updated guidance relating to the annual goodwill impairment test. This new guidance incorporates additional qualitative assessments at two discrete points in the goodwill impairment evaluation. First, entities are now permitted to perform an initial qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired in order to determine the need to perform the previously required two-step impairment test. This new guidance was early adopted by us for our fiscal 2012 annual goodwill impairment test. Additionally, as part of step one of the two-step impairment test, entities are required to perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired in situations where reporting units have a carrying value that is zero or negative. If the qualitative evaluation determines that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, step two of the goodwill impairment test is required to be performed to determine the amount of impairment, if any. This guidance was effective for us beginning with our fiscal 2012 goodwill impairment test. Neither set of guidance had a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In May 2011, the FASB issued updated guidance for fair value measurements, primarily clarifying existing guidance and adding new disclosure requirements for Level 3 fair value measurements. This guidance requires entities to disclose quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 measurements, and to provide additional qualitative information regarding the valuation process in place for Level 3 measurements and the sensitivity of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements to changes in unobservable inputs used. This new guidance was effective for us beginning with our fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 and did not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In October 2009, the FASB issued new revenue recognition guidance for arrangements that include both software and non-software related deliverables. This guidance requires entities to allocate the overall consideration to each deliverable by using a best estimate of the selling price of individual deliverables in the arrangement in the absence of vendor-specific objective evidence or other third party evidence of the selling price. Additionally, the guidance modifies the manner in which the transaction consideration is allocated across the separately identified deliverables by no longer permitting the residual method of allocating arrangement consideration. The new guidance was effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2012 and did not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In December 2011, the FASB issued guidance requiring new disclosures regarding balance sheet offsetting. This guidance requires entities to disclose the gross amounts of certain recognized financial assets and liabilities, to reconcile these amounts to the net positions recognized in the balance sheet and to provide qualitative disclosures about the rights of offset relating to these financial assets and liabilities. This new disclosure guidance is effective for us beginning with our first quarter of fiscal 2014.
ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We are exposed to a variety of risks, including foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, the impact of changes in interest rates on our investments and long-term borrowings and changes in market prices of our debt and equity securities. In the normal course of business, we employ established policies and procedures to manage these risks including the use of derivative instruments.
The hypothetical changes noted in the sections immediately below are based on sensitivity analyses performed at March 31, 2012. Actual results could differ materially.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We use derivatives to hedge those current net assets and liabilities that, when re-measured in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, impact our consolidated statement of operations. Foreign currency forward contracts are utilized in these hedging programs. All foreign currency forward contracts entered into by us are components of hedging programs and are entered into for the sole purpose of hedging an existing exposure, not for speculation or trading purposes. Gains and losses on these foreign currency forward contracts would generally be offset by corresponding gains and losses on the net foreign currency assets and liabilities that they hedge, with the goal of minimizing the net gains or losses overall on the hedged exposures. When hedging balance sheet exposures, all gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts are recognized in other income (loss) in the same period as when the gains and losses on re-measurement of the foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities occur. All settlements of gains and losses related to foreign currency forward contracts are included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Our hedging programs reduce, but do not always entirely eliminate, the impact of foreign currency exchange rate movements. If we did not hedge against foreign currency exchange rate movement, a hypothetical increase or decrease of 10% in exchange rates would result in a corresponding increase or decrease in earnings before taxes of approximately $14.4 million. This amount represents the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on exposures at March 31, 2012 related to balance sheet re-measurement only and assumes that all currencies move in the same direction at the same time relative to the United States dollar.
We do not currently hedge currency risk related to anticipated revenue or expenses denominated in foreign currencies.
The notional amounts at contract exchange rates of our foreign currency forward contracts outstanding were:
Interest Rate Risk
We adhere to a conservative investment policy, whereby our principal concern is the preservation of liquid funds. Cash, cash equivalents and investments were approximately $1.6 billion at March 31, 2012, which consisted of $1.5 billion in cash and cash equivalents and the remaining balance consisted primarily of different types of investment-grade debt securities. Although our portfolio is subject to fluctuations in interest rates and market conditions, we classify most of our investments as “available-for-sale,” which provides that no gain or loss on any security would actually be recognized in earnings unless the instrument was sold or any loss in value was deemed to be other-than-temporary. Due to the current interest rate environment and the liquidity of our overall portfolio, any hypothetical decrease in annual interest rates would have an immaterial impact on earnings before taxes.
Market Risk
The carrying value and fair value at March 31, 2012 of our senior unsecured notes due 2018 were $298.9 million and $368.4 million, respectively. The fair value was based upon market prices of these senior notes. If market interest rates increased by 100 basis points and assuming all other variables were held constant, we estimate the fair value of our senior unsecured notes due 2018 would decrease by approximately $17.9 million.
The carrying value and fair value at March 31, 2012 of our senior unsecured notes due 2022 were $497.4 million and $506.6 million, respectively. The fair value was based upon market prices of these senior notes. If market interest rates increased by 100 basis points and assuming all other variables were held constant, we estimate the fair value of our senior unsecured notes due 2022 would decrease by approximately $38.5 million.
At March 31, 2012, we held auction rate securities with a par value of $29.3 million and an estimated fair value of $26.9 million. For further information, refer to Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources. We may incur additional temporary unrealized losses or other-than-temporary impairments in the future if current market conditions were to persist and we no longer had the intent and ability to retain the auction rate securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for any recovery in fair value.
ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The response to this item is submitted as a separate section of this Report. See Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
ITEM 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Based on management’s evaluation (with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO)), as of the end of the period covered by this report, our CEO and CFO have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), are effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change to our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rule 13a-15 and Rule 15d-15 under the Exchange Act that occurred during our fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles.
Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2012, the end of our fiscal year. Management based its assessment on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Management’s assessment included evaluation of elements such as the design and operating effectiveness of key financial reporting controls, process documentation, accounting policies and our overall control environment.
Based on our assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 31, 2012, the end of our fiscal year. We reviewed the results of management’s assessment with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at March 31, 2012 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm who has also audited our consolidated financial statements. Ernst & Young LLP’s report on our internal control over financial reporting is included below.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of BMC Software, Inc.
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of BMC Software, Inc. (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2012, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of March 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows of the Company for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2012, and our report dated May 10, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Houston, Texas
May 10, 2012
ITEM 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III
ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement in connection with our 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the 2012 Proxy Statement), which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2012, under the headings “Proposal One: Election of Directors,” “Executive Officers” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this item will be set forth in the 2012 Proxy Statement under the headings “Compensation of Directors,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Compensation” and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this item will be set forth in the 2012 Proxy Statement under the headings “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners,” “Security Ownership of Management” and “Equity Compensation Plans” and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this item will be set forth in the 2012 Proxy Statement under the headings “Independence of Directors” and “Related Person Transactions and Procedures” and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this item will be set forth in the 2012 Proxy Statement under the heading “Fees Paid to Ernst & Young” and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
Documents filed as a part of this Report:
1. The following consolidated financial statements of BMC Software, Inc. and subsidiaries and the related reports of the independent registered public accounting firm are filed herewith:
Page
Number
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2012 and 2011
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended March 31, 2012, 2011 and
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended March 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 2012, 2011 and
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. All schedules have been omitted because they are inapplicable, not required, or the information is included elsewhere in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
3. The following Exhibits are filed with this Report or incorporated by reference as set forth below:
Exhibit
Number
3.1
-
Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of the Company; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010.
3.2
-
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 12, 2010.
4.1
-
Indenture, dated at June 4, 2008, between BMC Software, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as trustee; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 4, 2008.
4.2
-
Supplemental Indenture, dated at June 4, 2008, between BMC Software, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as trustee, including the form of the 7.25% Note due 2018; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 4, 2008.
4.3
-
Indenture, dated as of February 13, 2012, between BMC Software, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. as trustee; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 13, 2012.
4.4
-
Supplemental Indenture, dated at February 13, 2012, between BMC Software, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as trustee, including the form of the 4.25% Note due 2022; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 13, 2012.
10.1(a)
-
BMC Software, Inc. 1994 Employee Incentive Plan (conformed version inclusive of amendments); incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2008.
10.1(b)
-
Second Amendment to the BMC Software, Inc. 1994 Employee Incentive Plan; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1(b) to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2009 (the 2009 10-K).
Exhibit
Number
10.2(a)
-
BMC Software, Inc. 1994 Non-employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8(a) to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 1995 (the 1995 10-K).
10.2(b)
-
Form of Stock Option Agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 1994 Non-employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8(b) to the 1995 10-K.
10.3
-
Form of Indemnification Agreement among the Company and its directors and executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the 1995 10-K.
10.4
-
BMC Software, Inc. 2000 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (conformed version inclusive of amendments); incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2008.
10.5
-
Amended and Restated BMC Software, Inc. Executive Deferred Compensation Plan; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5(d) to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2008.
10.6
-
Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and Robert E. Beauchamp; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 24, 2008.
10.7
-
BMC Software, Inc. 2002 Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan; incorporated by reference to Appendix B to our 2002 Proxy Statement filed with the SEC on Schedule 14A.
10.8
-
BMC Software, Inc. 2002 Employee Incentive Plan (conformed version inclusive of amendments); incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2008.
10.9
-
BMC Software, Inc. Short-term Incentive Performance Award Program (as amended and restated); incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009.
10.10
-
BMC Software, Inc. Long-term Incentive Performance Award Program (as amended and restated); incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009.
10.11
-
Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and Stephen B. Solcher; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 24, 2008.
10.12
-
BladeLogic, Inc. 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the BladeLogic, Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-141915).
10.13
-
First Amendment to BladeLogic, Inc. 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34(b) to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2008.
10.14
-
BMC Software, Inc. Clawback Policy and form of Consent; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 1, 2012.
Exhibit
Number
10.15
-
Form of Stock Option Award Agreement employed under BladeLogic, Inc. 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the 2009 10-K.
10.16
-
Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 1994 Employee Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2006.
10.17
-
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement employed under BladeLogic, Inc. 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the 2009 10-K.
10.18
-
Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and William Miller; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2008.
10.19
-
Form of Stock Option Agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2007.
10.20
-
Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2007.
10.21
-
Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2007.
10.22
-
Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and Hollie S. Castro; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009.
10.23
-
Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 12, 2008.
10.24
-
Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 12, 2008.
10.25
-
Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Robert E. Beauchamp; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 20, 2008.
10.26
-
BMC Software, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan (as amended); incorporated by reference to Annex A to our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A dated June 24, 2009.
Exhibit
Number
10.27
-
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and Robert E. Beauchamp; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 3, 2010.
10.28
-
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and Stephen B. Solcher; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 3, 2010.
10.29
-
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and William D. Miller; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 3, 2010.
10.30
-
Form of Performance-based market stock unit award agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 9, 2010.
10.31
-
Credit Agreement Dated as of November 30, 2010; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2010.
10.32
-
Amendment dated November 1, 2011 to Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and Robert E. Beauchamp; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2011.
10.33
-
Amendment dated November 10, 2011 to Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and Stephen B. Solcher; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2011.
10.34
-
Amendment dated November 30, 2011 to Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and William D. Miller; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2011.
*21.1
-
Subsidiaries of the Company.
*23.1
-
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
*31.1
-
Certification of Chief Executive Officer of BMC Software, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*31.2
-
Certification of Chief Financial Officer of BMC Software, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*32.1
-
Certification of Chief Executive Officer of BMC Software, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
*32.2
-
Certification of Chief Financial Officer of BMC Software, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
*101.INS
-
XBRL Instance Document.
*101.SCH
-
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
*101.CAL
-
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
*101.LAB
-
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
*101.PRE
-
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
*101.DEF
-
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
* Filed herewith
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of BMC Software, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of BMC Software, Inc. (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2012. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company at March 31, 2012 and 2011, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated May 10, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Houston, Texas
May 10, 2012
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except par value data)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions, except per share data)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Years Ended March 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
(In millions)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations
BMC Software, Inc. (collectively, we, us, our, the Company or BMC) develops software that provides system and service management solutions for large, mid-sized and small enterprises. We market and sell our products in most major world markets directly through our sales force and indirectly through channel partners, including resellers, distributors and systems integrators. We also provide maintenance and support for our products and perform software implementation, integration and education services for our customers.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. We have evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior years’ financial statements to conform to the current year’s presentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
We consider investments with an original maturity of ninety days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. At March 31, 2012 and 2011, our cash equivalents were comprised of money-market funds, United States Treasury securities and certificates of deposit. Our cash equivalents are subject to potential credit risk. Our cash management and investment policies restrict investments to investment grade, highly liquid securities. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value.
Investments
We classify our investments in equity securities that have readily determinable fair values and all debt securities as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale or trading at acquisition and reevaluate such classification at each subsequent balance sheet date. We do not have any investments classified as held-to-maturity at March 31, 2012 or 2011. Our available-for-sale and trading securities are recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are recorded, net of tax, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), unless impairment is considered to be other-than-temporary. Other-than-temporary unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities are generally recorded in gain (loss) on investments, net, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income unless certain criteria are met. The primary factors considered when determining if a charge must be recorded because a decline in the fair value of an investment is other-than-temporary include whether: (i) the fair value of the investment is significantly below our cost basis; (ii) the financial condition of the issuer of the security has deteriorated; (iii) if a debt security, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the security; (iv) the decline in fair value has existed for an extended period of time; (v) if a debt security, such security has been downgraded by a rating agency; and (vi) whether we have the intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. In addition, unrealized gains and losses on trading securities and all realized gains and losses are recorded in gain (loss) on investments, net, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are calculated using the specific identification method. Investments with maturities of twelve months or less are classified as short-term investments. Investments with maturities of more than twelve months are classified as long-term investments.
We account for investments in non-marketable equity securities in which we do not have significant influence and that do not have a readily determinable fair value under the cost method of accounting. These investments are included in other long-term assets.
Refer to Note 3 for further information regarding auction rate securities held by us.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Receivables
In the ordinary course of business, we extend credit to our customers on both trade and financed terms. Trade and finance receivables are recorded at their outstanding principal balances, adjusted for interest receivable to date, if applicable, and adjusted by the allowance for doubtful accounts. Interest income on finance receivables is recognized using the effective interest method and is presented as interest and other income, net, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Interest income on these finance receivables was $7.2 million, $12.9 million and $11.4 million in fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. In estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts, we consider the length of time receivable balances have been outstanding, historical collection experience, current economic conditions and customer-specific information. When we ultimately conclude that a receivable is uncollectible, the balance is charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts. At March 31, 2012 and 2011, the allowance for doubtful trade accounts receivable was $5.1 million and $3.6 million and the allowance for doubtful trade finance receivables was $0.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively. During fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, the provision (recovery) for bad debts was $1.6 million, $1.7 million and $(0.3) million and the amounts charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts were $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively.
Long-Lived Assets
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation on property and equipment, with the exception of leasehold improvements, is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated respective useful lives of the assets, which range from three to ten years.
Costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the application development stage are capitalized, stated at cost, and amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from three to seven years. Application development stage costs generally include costs associated with internal-use software configuration, coding, installation and testing. Costs of significant upgrades and enhancements that result in additional functionality are also capitalized, whereas costs incurred for maintenance and minor upgrades and enhancements are expensed as incurred.
Software Development Costs
Costs of software developed internally for licensing to third parties are expensed until the technological feasibility of the software product has been established. Thereafter, software development costs incurred through the general release of the software products are capitalized and subsequently reported at the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value. Capitalized software development costs are then amortized using the greater of an amount determined by the ratio of current revenues recognized to the total anticipated revenues for a product or straight-line over the product’s estimated economic life beginning at the date of general availability of the product to our customers. The amortization of capitalized software development costs, including any amounts accelerated for products that are not expected to generate sufficient future revenue to realize their carrying values, is included in cost of license revenue in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. During fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, amounts capitalized were $144.5 million, $124.0 million and $85.9 million, respectively, and amounts amortized were $93.6 million, $75.7 million and $63.1 million, respectively. The change in foreign currency exchange rates had no impact during fiscal 2012 and 2011 and increased capitalized software development costs by $0.1 million during fiscal 2010. Amounts capitalized during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010 included $4.9 million, $4.4 million and $2.3 million, respectively, of capitalized interest; and approximately $12.0 million, $8.2 million and $4.9 million, respectively, of share-based compensation costs.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist principally of acquired technology and customer relationships recorded in connection with our business combinations. The amounts allocated to these intangible assets represent our estimates of their fair values at the acquisition date. The fair values are primarily estimated using the expected present value of future cash flows method of applying the income approach. Intangible assets are stated at cost and are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective estimated economic lives ranging from one to five years.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, in connection with our business combinations. Upon acquisition, goodwill is assigned to the reporting unit that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination, which is the reporting unit to which the related acquired technology is assigned. A reporting unit is the operating segment, or a business unit one level below that operating segment, for which discrete financial information is prepared and regularly reviewed by segment management. Each of our business segments is considered a reporting unit. We assess goodwill for impairment as of January 1 of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Our impairment assessment is based initially on a qualitative evaluation of whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired in order to determine the need to perform a two-step impairment test. If we determine by a qualitative evaluation that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, we conduct a quantitative assessment of goodwill impairment. Our quantitative impairment test is based on a comparison of the estimated fair value of the reporting units, determined using a combination of the income and market approaches on an invested capital basis, to their respective carrying values (including goodwill) as of the date of the impairment test.
Impairment
In addition to our goodwill impairment testing, as noted above, we also review our other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable or that the useful lives of these assets are no longer appropriate. Each impairment test is based on a comparison of the undiscounted future cash flows to the recorded value of the asset. If an impairment is indicated, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value.
Foreign Currency Translation and Risk Management
We operate globally and transact business in various foreign currencies. The functional currency for many of our foreign subsidiaries is the respective local currency. Financial statements of these foreign operations are translated into United States dollars using the currency exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet dates. Revenue and expenses of these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. The substantial majority of our revenue derived from customers outside of the United States is billed in local currencies from regional headquarters, for which the functional currency is the United States dollar. Foreign currency transaction gains or losses are included in interest and other income, net.
To minimize the risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we have established a program that utilizes foreign currency forward contracts to offset the risks associated with the effects of certain foreign currency exposures. Gains or losses on our foreign currency exposures are offset by gains or losses on the foreign currency forward contracts entered into under this program. Our foreign currency exposures relate primarily to certain foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. Our foreign currency forward contracts generally have terms of one month or less and are entered into at the prevailing market exchange rate at the end of each month. We do not use foreign currency forward contracts for speculative purposes. While these foreign currency forward contracts are utilized to hedge foreign currency exposures, they are not formally designated as hedges for accounting purposes, and therefore, the changes in the fair values of these contracts are recognized currently in earnings. We record these foreign currency forward contracts at fair value as either assets or liabilities depending on the net settlement position of the foreign currency forward contracts with each respective counterparty at the balance sheet date. All settlements of gains and losses related to the foreign currency forward contracts are included in cash flow from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Revenue Recognition
We derive revenue principally from software-related arrangements consisting of software license, maintenance and professional services offerings and non-software arrangements consisting of our software-as-a-service (SaaS) offerings. We commence revenue recognition when all of the following core revenue recognition criteria are satisfied: i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; ii) delivery of the license or service has occurred or is occurring; iii) the arrangement fee is fixed or determinable; and iv) collection of the arrangement fee is probable.
Software License, Maintenance and Professional Services Arrangements
Software license revenue is recognized when the core revenue recognition criteria above are satisfied and vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) of the fair value of undelivered elements exists. As substantially all of our software licenses are sold in multiple-element arrangements that include either maintenance or both maintenance and professional services, we use the residual method to determine the amount of license revenue to be recognized. Under the residual method, consideration is allocated to undelivered elements based upon VSOE of the fair value of those elements, with the residual of the arrangement fee allocated to and recognized as license revenue. We have established VSOE of the fair value of maintenance through independent maintenance renewals. These demonstrate a consistent relationship of pricing maintenance as a percentage of either the net license fee or the discounted or undiscounted license list price. VSOE of the fair value of professional services is established based on daily rates when sold on a stand-alone basis, as well as management-approved pricing for certain new offerings.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We are unable to establish VSOE of fair value for all undelivered elements in certain arrangements that include multiple software products for which the associated maintenance pricing is based on a combination of undiscounted license list prices, net license fees or discounted license list prices. We are also unable to establish VSOE of fair value for all undelivered elements in certain arrangements that include unlimited licensing rights and certain arrangements that contain rights to future unspecified software products as part of the maintenance offering. If VSOE of fair value of one or more undelivered elements does not exist, license revenue is deferred and recognized upon delivery of those elements or when VSOE of fair value exists for all remaining undelivered elements, or if the deferral is due to the factors described above, license revenue is recognized ratably over the longest expected delivery period of undelivered elements in the arrangement, which is typically the longest maintenance term.
In our time-based license agreements, we are unable to establish VSOE of fair value for undelivered maintenance elements because the contractual maintenance terms in these arrangements are the same duration as the license terms, and VSOE of fair value of maintenance cannot be established. Accordingly, license fees in time-based license arrangements are recognized ratably over the term of the arrangements.
Maintenance revenue is recognized ratably over the contractual terms of the maintenance arrangements, which primarily range from one to three years and in some instances can extend up to five or more years.
Professional services revenue, which principally relates to implementation, integration and education services associated with our products, is derived under both time-and-material and fixed fee arrangements and in most instances is recognized on a proportional performance basis based on days of effort. If no discernable customer deliverable exists until the completion of the professional services, we apply the completed performance method and defer the recognition of professional services revenue until completion of the services, which is typically evidenced by a signed completion letter from the customer. Services that are sold in connection with software license arrangements generally qualify for separate accounting from the license elements because they do not involve significant production, modification or customization of our products and are not otherwise considered to be essential to the functionality of such products. In arrangements where the professional services do not qualify for separate accounting from the license elements, the combined software license and professional services revenue are recognized based on contract accounting using either the percentage-of-completion or completed-contract method.
SaaS Arrangements
SaaS subscription fees are recognized ratably over the contractual terms of the subscription arrangements beginning on the date that the service is made available to customers. Additional professional services fees, principally related to optional services engagements that are not essential to the functionality of our core SaaS offerings and are considered to have standalone value, are generally recognized on a proportional performance basis based on days of effort. In our consolidated financial statements, SaaS subscription revenue and optional professional services revenue are included in maintenance and professional services revenue, respectively. To date, SaaS and related professional services revenues have not represented a significant percentage of our total revenue in any period since our SaaS offerings were first introduced to the market in late fiscal 2010.
Other Revenue Recognition Considerations
In arrangements containing both software and non-software (e.g., SaaS) elements, which to date have been infrequent, we allocate the arrangement consideration first into software and non-software units of accounting based on a relative selling price hierarchy and then apply the applicable software and non-software revenue recognition criteria to each unit of accounting. To date, we have determined the relative selling price of software and non-software units of accounting based on management’s best estimate of selling price as other means of determining relative selling price (e.g., VSOE or other third-party evidence) have not been available with respect to all of the components in bundled software and non-software arrangements.
We also execute arrangements through resellers, distributors and systems integrators (collectively, channel partners) in which the channel partners act as the principals in the transactions with the end users of our products and services. In license arrangements with channel partners, title and risk of loss pass to the channel partners upon execution of our arrangements with them and the delivery of our products to the channel partner or the end user. We recognize revenue from transactions with channel partners on a net basis (the amount actually received by us from the channel partners) when all other revenue recognition criteria are satisfied. We do not offer right of return, product rotation or price protection to any of our channel partners.
Revenue from financed customer transactions are generally recognized in the same manner as those requiring current payment, as we have a history of offering installment contracts to customers and successfully enforcing original payment terms without making concessions. In arrangements where the fees are not considered to be fixed or determinable, we recognize revenue when payments become due under the arrangement. If we determine that a transaction is not probable of collection or a risk of concession exists, we do not recognize revenue in excess of the amount of cash received.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We are required to charge certain taxes on our revenue transactions. These amounts are not included in revenue. Instead, we record a liability when the amounts are collected and relieve the liability when payments are made to the applicable government agency.
In our consolidated statements of comprehensive income, revenue is categorized as license, maintenance or professional services revenue. We allocate revenue from arrangements containing multiple elements to each of these categories based on the VSOE of fair value for elements in each revenue arrangement and the application of the residual method for arrangements in which we have established VSOE of fair value for all undelivered elements. In arrangements where we are not able to establish VSOE of fair value for all undelivered elements, we first allocate revenue to any undelivered elements for which VSOE of fair value has been established, then allocate revenue to any undelivered elements for which VSOE of fair value has not been established based upon management’s best estimate of fair value of those undelivered elements and apply a residual method to determine the license fee. Management’s best estimate of fair value of undelivered elements for which VSOE of fair value has not been established is based upon the VSOE of similar offerings and other objective criteria.
Cost of License and Maintenance Revenue
Cost of license revenue is primarily comprised of the amortization of capitalized software development costs for internally developed products, the amortization of acquired technology for products acquired through business combinations, license-based royalties to third parties and production and distribution costs for initial product licenses.
Cost of maintenance revenue is primarily comprised of the costs associated with the customer support and research and development personnel that provide maintenance, enhancement and support services to our customers.
Sales Commissions
We pay commissions, including sales bonuses, to our direct sales force related to revenue transactions under sales compensation plans established annually. We defer the portion of commissions that are direct and incremental costs of the license and maintenance revenue arrangements and recognize them as selling and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income over the terms of the related customer contracts, in proportion to the recognition of the associated revenue. The commission payments are typically paid in full in the month following execution of the customer contracts. Deferred commissions as of March 31, 2012 and 2011 were $69.8 million and $78.7 million, respectively.
Share-Based Compensation
Share-based compensation expense for share-based awards is recognized only for those awards that are expected to vest. We use the straight-line attribution method to allocate share-based compensation expense over the requisite service period of the award.
Refer to Note 9 for further information regarding share-based compensation.
Income Taxes
We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and their respective tax bases, along with net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Income tax expense includes U.S. and foreign income taxes, including U.S. federal taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries to the extent such earnings are not considered to be indefinitely re-invested. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount of future tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized.
We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. We utilize a “more likely than not” threshold for the recognition and derecognition of tax positions and measure positions accordingly. We reflect changes in recognition or measurement in the period in which the change in judgment occurs.We recognize interest and penalties in income tax expense in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Refer to Note 8 for further information regarding income taxes.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2010 and in September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued updated guidance relating to the annual goodwill impairment test. This new guidance incorporates additional qualitative assessments at two discrete points in the goodwill impairment evaluation. First, entities are now permitted to perform an initial qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired in order to determine the need to perform the previously required two-step impairment test. This new guidance was early adopted by us for our fiscal 2012 annual goodwill impairment test. Additionally, as part of step one of the two-step impairment test, entities are required to perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired in situations where reporting units have a carrying value that is zero or negative. If the qualitative evaluation determines that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, step two of the goodwill impairment test is required to be performed to determine the amount of impairment, if any. This guidance was effective for us beginning with our fiscal 2012 goodwill impairment test. Neither set of guidance had a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In May 2011, the FASB issued updated guidance for fair value measurements, primarily clarifying existing guidance and adding new disclosure requirements for Level 3 fair value measurements. This guidance requires entities to disclose quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 measurements, and to provide additional qualitative information regarding the valuation process in place for Level 3 measurements and the sensitivity of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements to changes in unobservable inputs used. This new guidance was effective for us beginning with our fourth quarter of fiscal 2012 and did not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In October 2009, the FASB issued new revenue recognition guidance for arrangements that include both software and non-software related deliverables. This guidance requires entities to allocate the overall consideration to each deliverable by using a best estimate of the selling price of individual deliverables in the arrangement in the absence of vendor-specific objective evidence or other third party evidence of the selling price. Additionally, the guidance modifies the manner in which the transaction consideration is allocated across the separately identified deliverables by no longer permitting the residual method of allocating arrangement consideration. The new guidance was effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2012 and did not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
(2) Business Combinations
Fiscal 2012 Acquisitions
In April 2011, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Coradiant Inc. (Coradiant), a global provider of end-to-end performance management of web applications, for total cash consideration of $130.0 million. Coradiant’s operating results have been included in our condensed consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. This acquisition expands BMC’s current application performance management offering to provide real-time insight into application performance and its impact on user behavior across enterprise, software-as-a-service (SaaS) and cloud environments. The purchase consideration was allocated to acquired assets and assumed liabilities consisting primarily of $18.1 million of acquired technology and $22.7 million of customer relationships, both with a weighted average economic life of three years, in addition to other tangible assets and liabilities. This acquisition resulted in an allocation of $91.7 million to goodwill assigned to our Enterprise Service Management (ESM) segment. Factors that contributed to a purchase price that resulted in goodwill include, but are not limited to, the retention of research and development personnel with the skills to develop future Coradiant technology, support personnel to provide maintenance services related to Coradiant products and a trained sales force capable of selling current and future Coradiant products and the opportunity to cross-sell our products and Coradiant products to existing customers.
In June 2011, we also completed the acquisitions of Aeroprise, Inc., a provider of mobile IT service management solutions, as part of our ESM segment, and Neon Enterprise Software, LLC’s portfolio of IMS solution software as part of our Mainframe Service Management (MSM) segment, for combined cash consideration of $21.0 million. The purchase consideration was allocated to acquired assets and assumed liabilities consisting primarily of $11.2 million of acquired technology, with weighted average economic lives of three years, in addition to other tangible assets and liabilities. These acquisitions resulted in an allocation of $4.9 million to goodwill assigned to our ESM segment and $6.0 million assigned to our MSM segment.
In December 2011, we completed the acquisition of I/O Concepts Software Corporation, a provider of mainframe management and security solutions, for total cash consideration of $14.1 million. The purchase consideration was allocated to acquired assets and assumed liabilities consisting primarily of $5.4 million of acquired technology, with a weighted average economic life of three years, in addition to other tangible assets and liabilities. This acquisition resulted in an allocation of $10.3 million to goodwill assigned to our MSM segment.
In February 2012, we completed the acquisition of Numara Software Holdings, Inc. (Numara), a provider of integrated IT service management solutions for mid-sized and small companies, for total cash consideration of $305.9 million. Numara’s operating results have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date as part of our ESM segment.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The estimated fair values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities attributed to Numara at the date of acquisition were:
Factors that contributed to a purchase price that resulted in goodwill include, but are not limited to, the opportunity to cross-sell our products and Numara’s products to existing customers and the retention of research and development personnel with the skills to develop future Numara technology, support personnel to provide maintenance services related to Numara products and a trained sales force capable of selling current and future Numara products. The goodwill resulting from the transaction was assigned to the ESM segment and is not deductible for tax purposes.
The acquired identifiable intangible assets consisted of:
The results of operations of Numara are included in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income prospectively from February 3, 2012. The unaudited pro forma combined historical results for fiscal 2012 and 2011, giving effect to the acquisition of Numara assuming the transaction was consummated as of April 1, 2010, were:
The pro forma combined historical results prior to the date of acquisition do not reflect any cost savings or other synergies resulting from the transaction, are provided for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the combined results of operations for future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had the acquisition occurred at the beginning of the specified period.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The preliminary purchase price allocation for Numara was based on preliminary calculations and valuations, and our estimates and assumptions for this acquisition are subject to change as we obtain additional information for our estimates during the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). The primary areas that are not yet finalized relate to certain tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, identifiable intangible assets, income and non-income based taxes and residual goodwill.
Fiscal 2011 Acquisitions
During fiscal 2011, we completed the acquisition of the software business of Neptuny S.r.l., a provider of continuous capacity optimization software, and the acquisition of GridApp Systems, Inc., a provider of comprehensive database provisioning, patching and administration software, for combined purchase consideration of $51.5 million. The purchase consideration was allocated to acquired assets and assumed liabilities consisting primarily of $20.7 million of acquired technology, with weighted average economic lives of three years, in addition to other tangible assets and liabilities. These acquisitions resulted in an allocation of $34.2 million to goodwill assigned to our ESM segment. The operating results of the acquired companies have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the respective acquisition dates. Pro forma information is not included because the acquired companies’ operations would not have materially impacted our consolidated operating results.
Fiscal 2010 Acquisitions
During fiscal 2010, we completed the acquisitions of MQSoftware, Inc., a provider of middleware and enterprise application transaction management software, Tideway Systems Limited, a provider of IT discovery solutions, and Phurnace Software, Inc., a developer of software that automates the deployment and configuration of business-critical Java EE applications, for combined purchase consideration of $94.3 million. The purchase consideration was allocated to acquired assets and assumed liabilities, consisting primarily of approximately $36.3 million of acquired technology and $9.4 million of customer relationships, with weighted average economic lives of three years, in addition to other tangible assets and liabilities. These acquisitions resulted in an allocation of $61.3 million to goodwill, of which $12.8 million was assigned to the MSM segment and $48.5 million was assigned to the ESM segment. The operating results of the acquired companies have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the respective acquisition dates. Pro forma information is not included because the acquired companies’ operations would not have materially impacted our consolidated operating results.
(3) Financial Instruments
We measure certain financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis using the following valuation techniques:
(A) Market approach - Uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.
(B) Income approach - Uses valuation techniques to convert future estimated cash flows to a single present amount based on current market expectations about those future amounts, using present value techniques.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The fair values of our financial instruments were determined using the following input levels and valuation techniques:
Level 1 classification is applied to any asset or liability that has a readily available quoted market price from an active market where there is significant transparency in the executed/quoted price.
Level 2 classification is applied to assets and liabilities that have evaluated prices where the data inputs to these valuations are observable either directly or indirectly, but do not represent quoted market prices from an active market.
Level 3 classification is applied to assets and liabilities when prices are not derived from existing market data and requires us to develop our own assumptions about how market participants would price the asset or liability.
The following table summarizes the activity in Level 3 financial instruments:
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Investments
Our cash, cash equivalents and investments were comprised of the following:
* The unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2012 and 2011 relate to the auction rate securities.
The following summarizes the underlying contractual maturities of our available-for-sale investments in debt securities:
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
At March 31, 2012 and 2011, we held auction rate securities with a par value of $29.3 million and $29.8 million, respectively, which were classified as available-for-sale. The total estimated fair value of our auction rate securities was $26.9 million and $27.2 million at March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Our auction rate securities consist entirely of bonds issued by public agencies that are backed by student loans with at least a 97% guarantee by the federal government under the United States Department of Education’s Federal Family Education Loan Program. All of these bonds are currently rated investment grade by Moody’s or Standard and Poor’s. Auctions for these securities began failing in early 2008 and have continued to fail, resulting in our continuing to hold such securities and the issuers paying interest at the maximum contractual rates. We do not believe that any of the underlying issuers of these auction rate securities are presently at risk of default or that the underlying credit quality of the assets backing the auction rate security investments has been impacted by the reduced liquidity of these investments. Due to the illiquidity in the auction rate securities market caused by failed auctions, we estimated the fair value of these securities and the put option discussed below using internally developed models of the expected cash flows of the securities on a discounted basis. These models incorporate assumptions about the expected cash flows of the underlying student loans discounted at an estimate of the rate of return required by investors, which includes an adjustment to reflect a lack of liquidity in the market for these securities. The range of and weighted average discount rates used in our models for the year ended March 31, 2012 were 4.0% to 6.7%, and 4.9%, respectively. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate used in the valuation would result in decreases (increases) in the fair value of the auction rate securities. Periodically, the issuers of certain of our auction rate securities have redeemed portions of our holdings at par value plus accrued interest. During the years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, issuers redeemed available-for-sale holdings of $0.5 million par value and $20.9 million par value, respectively, and trading holdings of $5.4 million par value during the year ended March 31, 2011.
In November 2008, we entered into a put agreement with a bank from which we acquired certain auction rate securities. On July 1, 2010, we exercised our right under this agreement to put the remaining securities subject to this agreement, with $11.2 million par value, to the bank. The auction rate securities subject to the put agreement were classified as short-term investments and trading securities and, accordingly, any changes in the fair value of these securities were recognized in earnings. In addition, we elected the option under GAAP to record the put option at fair value. The fair value adjustments to these auction rate securities and the related put option resulted in minimal net impact to the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years ended March 31, 2011 and 2010.
The unrealized loss on our available-for-sale auction rate securities, which have a fair value of $26.9 million at March 31, 2012, was $2.4 million and was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as we believe the decline in fair value of these auction rate securities is temporary. In making this determination, we primarily considered the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuers, the probability scheduled cash flows will continue to be made and the likelihood we would be required to sell the investments before recovery of our cost basis. These available-for-sale auction rate securities have been in an unrealized loss position for greater than twelve months. Because of the uncertainty related to the timing of liquidity associated with these auction rate securities, these securities are classified as long-term investments at March 31, 2012 and 2011.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The fair value of our outstanding foreign currency forward contracts that closed in a gain position at March 31, 2012 and 2011 was $8.1 million and $5.8 million, respectively, and was recorded within other current assets in our consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of our outstanding foreign currency forward contracts that closed in a loss position at March 31, 2012 and 2011 was $0.6 million and $3.3 million, respectively, and was recorded within accrued liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. The notional amounts at contract exchange rates of our foreign currency forward contracts outstanding were:
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Our use of foreign currency forward exchange contracts is intended to principally offset gains and losses associated with foreign currency exposures. Therefore, the notional amounts and currencies underlying our foreign currency forward contracts will fluctuate period to period as they are principally dependent on the balances and currency denomination of monetary assets and liabilities maintained by our global entities. The effect of the foreign currency forward contracts for the years ended March 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was a loss of $10.6 million, a gain of $3.3 million and a loss of $9.9 million, respectively, which, after including gains and losses on our foreign currency exposures, resulted in net losses of $3.3 million, $2.9 million and $2.2 million, respectively, recorded in interest and other income, net.
We are exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties to derivative financial instruments, but we do not expect any counterparties to fail to meet their obligations given their high credit ratings. In addition, we diversify this risk across several counterparties and utilize netting agreements to mitigate the counterparty credit risk.
Trade Finance Receivables
A substantial portion of our trade finance receivables are transferred to financial institutions on a non-recourse basis. We utilize wholly-owned finance subsidiaries in these finance receivables transfers. These entities are consolidated into our financial position and results of operations. We account for such transfers as sales in accordance with applicable accounting rules pertaining to the transfer of financial assets and the sale of future revenue when we have surrendered control of such receivables (including determining that such assets have been isolated beyond our reach and the reach of our creditors) and when we do not have significant continuing involvement in the generation of cash flows due the financial institutions. During fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, we transferred $227.9 million, $172.3 million and $208.8 million, respectively, of such receivables through these programs. Finance receivables are typically transferred within several months after origination and the outstanding principal balance at the time of transfer typically approximates fair value.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For those finance receivables not transferred, we evaluate the credit risk of finance receivables in our portfolio based on regional characteristics specific to the risk climate in each of our geographic operations as well as based on internal credit quality indicators for individual receivables. We evaluate the credit risk of finance receivables using an internal credit rating system based on whether an individual receivable meets specific internal criteria including counterparty credit rating and receivable maturity date and assign an internal credit rating of 1, 2 or 3, with a credit rating of 1 representing the best credit quality.
For all regions and credit categories, a finance receivable will be specifically reserved once deemed uncollectible. As of March 31, 2012, we held $188.1 million of finance receivables, net of $0.6 million of specific receivables which have been fully reserved.
At March 31, 2012, our finance receivables balance, net of allowance, by region and by class of internal credit rating is as follows:
Other Financial Instruments
The fair value of our senior unsecured notes due 2018 at March 31, 2012 and 2011, based on market prices (Level 2), was $368.4 million and $348.9 million, respectively, compared to the carrying value of $298.9 million and $298.7 million, respectively.
The fair value of our senior unsecured notes due 2022 at March 31, 2012, based on market prices (Level 1), was $506.6 million, compared to the carrying value of $497.4 million.
The carrying values of all other financial instruments, consisting primarily of trade and finance receivables, accounts payable and other borrowings, approximate their respective fair values.
(4) Property and Equipment
Property and equipment at March 31, 2012 and 2011 consisted of:
Property and equipment includes computer equipment procured by us under capital lease arrangements with net book values of $13.9 million and $19.3 million (net of $11.9 million and $11.4 million in accumulated depreciation) at March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Depreciation of capital lease equipment is included in depreciation expense. Depreciation expense recorded during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $37.8 million, $39.1 million and $38.2 million, respectively.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(5) Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Intangible assets at March 31, 2012 and 2011 consisted of:
Amortization of acquired technology totaling $55.6 million, $45.5 million and $43.8 million was included in cost of license revenue in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Amortization of other intangible assets is included in amortization of intangible assets in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The weighted average remaining life of acquired technology, customer relationships and trademarks and tradenames is approximately 4.1 years at March 31, 2012.
Future amortization expense associated with our intangible assets existing at March 31, 2012 is expected to be:
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table summarizes goodwill activity and ending goodwill balances by operating segment:
(6) Long-Term Borrowings
Long-term borrowings at March 31, 2012 and 2011 consisted of:
In February 2012, we issued $500.0 million of senior unsecured notes due 2022. Net proceeds to us after original issuance discount and issuance costs amounted to $493.3 million. These senior notes were issued at an original issuance discount of $2.7 million. These senior notes bear interest at a rate of 4.25% per annum, payable semi-annually in February and August of each year. These senior notes are redeemable at our option at any time in whole or, from time to time, in part at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) 100% of the principal amount of these senior notes to be redeemed, or (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest discounted at the applicable United States Treasury rate plus 35 basis points, plus accrued and unpaid interest. These senior notes are subject to the provisions of an indenture which includes covenants limiting, among other things, the creation of liens securing indebtedness and sale-leaseback transactions.
In November 2010, we entered into a credit agreement with certain institutional lenders providing for an unsecured revolving credit facility in an amount up to $400.0 million which is scheduled to expire on November 30, 2014 (the Credit Facility). Subject to certain conditions, at any time prior to maturity, we may invite existing and new lenders to increase the size of the Credit Facility up to a maximum of $600.0 million. The Credit Facility includes provisions for swing line loans of up to $25.0 million and standby letters of credit of up to $50.0 million. Revolving loans under the Credit Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a rate equal to either (i) the base rate (as defined) plus a margin based on the credit ratings of BMC’s senior notes, or (ii) the LIBOR rate (as defined) plus a margin based on the credit ratings of BMC’s senior notes, for interest periods of one, two, three or six months. As of March 31, 2012 and through May 10, 2012, we have not borrowed any funds under the Credit Facility.
In June 2008, we issued $300.0 million of senior unsecured notes due 2018. Net proceeds to us after original issuance discount and issuance costs amounted to $295.6 million. These senior notes were issued at an original issuance discount of $1.8 million. These senior notes bear interest at a rate of 7.25% per annum, payable semi-annually in June and December of each year. These senior notes are redeemable at our option at any time in whole or, from time to time, in part at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) 100% of the principal amount of these senior notes to be redeemed, or (ii) the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest discounted at the applicable United States Treasury rate plus 50 basis points, plus accrued and unpaid interest. These senior notes are subject to the provisions of an indenture which includes covenants limiting, among other things, the creation of liens securing indebtedness and sale-leaseback transactions.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
At March 31, 2012, we were in compliance with all debt covenants.
(7) Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue is comprised of deferred maintenance, license and professional services revenue. Deferred maintenance and professional services revenues are not recorded on arrangements with trade payment terms until the related maintenance or professional services fees have been collected. The components of deferred revenue at March 31, 2012 and 2011 were:
(8) Income Taxes
The income tax provision (benefit) for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010 consists of:
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The foreign income tax provision was based on foreign pre-tax earnings of $235.9 million, $240.1 million and $214.5 million for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The federal income tax provision includes the United States tax effects of certain foreign entities that are treated as a branch of a United States entity for tax purposes and therefore their earnings are included in the United States consolidated income tax return.
A reconciliation of income tax computed at the United States federal statutory rate of 35% to reported income tax expense for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010 follows (dollars in millions):
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at March 31, 2012 and 2011 were:
In evaluating our ability to realize our deferred tax assets, we consider all available evidence, both positive and negative, including our past operating results, reversals of existing temporary differences, tax planning strategies and forecasts of future taxable income. In considering these sources of taxable income, we must make certain assumptions and judgments that are based on the plans and estimates used to manage our underlying business. Changes in our assumptions, plans and estimates may materially impact income tax expense.
We maintain a valuation allowance against certain tax credits and net operating losses that we do not believe are more likely than not to be utilized in the future. The valuation allowance increased (decreased) by $10.4 million, $1.0 million and $(12.1) million during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. At March 31, 2012, we have federal net operating loss carryforwards of $111.4 million and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $13.0 million, which expire between 2017 and 2031. These tax credits and net operating losses have arisen from various acquisitions as well as from net operating losses generated in certain foreign jurisdictions. Certain of the net operating loss carryforward assets are subject to an annual limitation under Internal Revenue Code Section 382, but are expected to be fully realized.
Aggregate unremitted earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries for which United States federal income taxes have not been provided are $615.8 million at March 31, 2012. Deferred income taxes have not been provided on these earnings because we consider them to be indefinitely re-invested. If these earnings were repatriated to the United States or they were no longer determined to be indefinitely re-invested, we would have to record a tax liability for these earnings of approximately $138.3 million, assuming full utilization of the foreign tax credits associated with these earnings.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We carry out our business operations through legal entities in the United States and multiple foreign jurisdictions. These jurisdictions require that we file corporate income tax returns that are subject to United States, state and foreign tax laws. We are subject to routine corporate income tax audits in these multiple jurisdictions.
The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at March 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $56.8 million, $55.8 million and $106.4 million, respectively, of which $50.3 million, $49.7 million and $95.1 million, respectively, would impact our effective tax rate if recognized.
Activity related to our unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) consists of:
We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. To the extent accrued interest and penalties do not ultimately become payable, amounts accrued will be reduced and reflected as a reduction of the overall income tax provision in the period that such determination is made. We recognized $3.9 million, $7.7 million and $2.4 million of interest and penalties during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The total amount of accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions was $33.7 million and $31.0 million at March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
We file a federal income tax return in the United States as well as income tax returns in various local, state and foreign jurisdictions. Our tax years are closed with the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) through the tax year ended March 31, 2007, except for one issue related to the year ended March 31, 2006. We received a Notice of Deficiency from the IRS related to this issue and in July 2011 filed a petition for hearing with the U.S. Tax Court. A trial date is scheduled for May 2012. During fiscal 2012, we settled all open issues with the IRS resulting from the audit of our tax year ended March 31, 2008. During fiscal 2011, we settled all open issues but the one mentioned above with the IRS resulting from the audit of our tax years ended March 31, 2006 and 2007. During fiscal 2010 and early fiscal 2011, we settled all open issues with the IRS resulting from the audit of our tax years ended March 31, 2004 and 2005. As a result of these settlements, we recorded net tax benefits of $6.2 million, $57.2 million and $30.0 million in fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. In April 2011, the IRS issued its Revenue Agent Report (RAR) for its examination of our federal income tax return for the tax year ended March 31, 2008, and there are no unagreed issues arising from this RAR. The IRS has initiated an examination of our federal income tax return for the years ended March 31, 2009 and 2010. In addition, certain tax years related to local, state, and foreign jurisdictions remain subject to examination. To provide for potential tax exposures, we maintain a liability for unrecognized tax benefits which we believe is adequate.
(9) Share-Based Compensation
We have various share-based compensation plans that authorize, among other types of awards, (i) the discretionary granting of stock options to purchase shares of our common stock, and (ii) the discretionary issuance of nonvested common stock in the form of time-based and market-based nonvested stock units. Options granted to employees generally vest monthly over four years and have a term of six years. Options granted to non-employee board members become fully vested within one year from the date of grant and have terms of ten years with respect to grants through fiscal 2008 and six years for all subsequent grants. Time-based nonvested stock units primarily vest in annual increments over one or three years, and market-based nonvested stock units vest in 50% increments over two- and three-year periods upon achievement of certain targets related to our relative shareholder return as compared to the NASDAQ-100 Index over each performance period.
We did not grant any stock options during fiscal 2012 and 2011 and granted 0.2 million stock options during fiscal 2010. We granted 4.6 million, 3.3 million and 3.0 million nonvested stock units during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. There were no significant modifications made to any share-based grants during these periods. At March 31, 2012, there were 14.7 million shares available for grant under our share-based compensation plans. However, certain of our plans require us to reduce shares available for grant by a factor of 2.25 shares or 2.0 shares, depending on the plan from which the awards are issued, for the maximum number of shares that could be issued for each grant of nonvested stock.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We also sponsor an employee stock purchase plan that permits eligible employees to acquire shares of our stock at a 15% discount to the lower of the market price of our common stock at the beginning or end of six-month offering periods.
Share-based compensation expense is measured at the date of grant based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting period. We estimate the fair value of stock options and employee stock purchase plan awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. We use the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant as an estimate of fair value for time-based nonvested stock units, and we utilize Monte Carlo simulation models to estimate the fair value of certain market-based nonvested stock units. Share-based compensation expense is shown in the operating activities section in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
We estimate potential forfeitures of share-based awards at the time of grant and record compensation expense for those awards expected to vest. The estimate of forfeitures is reassessed over the requisite service period and, to the extent that actual forfeitures differ, or are expected to differ, from such estimates, compensation expense is adjusted through a cumulative catch-up adjustment in the period of change and the remaining unrecognized share-based compensation expense is recorded over the remaining requisite service period. There were no significant changes in estimated forfeitures in fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010 as compared to estimates when the related expenses were originally recorded.
We estimate the volatility of our stock price using a combination of both historical volatility and implied volatility derived from market traded options on our common stock, as we believe that the combined volatility is more representative of future stock price volatility than either historical or implied volatility alone. We estimate the risk-free interest rate based on zero-coupon yields implied from United States Treasury issues with maturities similar to the expected term of the awards. We estimate the expected term of options granted using the simplified method allowed by relevant accounting standards, due to changes in vesting terms and contractual lives of our current options compared to our historical grants. We have never paid cash dividends and do not currently intend to pay cash dividends, and therefore we assume an expected dividend yield of zero.
The fair value of share-based payments that were estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the Monte Carlo simulation model incorporated the following weighted-average assumptions:
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
A summary of our share-based compensation activity for fiscal 2012 follows:
Included in the table above are 0.5 million market-based nonvested stock units outstanding at March 31, 2012 granted to selected executives and other key employees.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table summarizes weighted average grant date fair value and additional intrinsic value and vesting information:
Our outstanding options at March 31, 2012 were (shares in millions):
We had approximately $234.9 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to stock options and nonvested stock units at March 31, 2012 that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2 years.
We received cash of $39.1 million, $119.6 million and $79.1 million for the exercise of stock options during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Cash was not used to settle any equity instruments previously granted. We issue shares from treasury stock upon the exercise of stock options and upon the vesting of nonvested stock units.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Share-based compensation expense as recorded in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income is summarized as follows:
(10) Retirement Plans
We sponsor a 401(k) plan that is available to substantially all United States employees. The plan provides for an employer match element with annual per-employee limitations that we have changed and may change from time to time. The costs of our matching contributions amounted to $16.9 million, $16.4 million and $14.5 million during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Employees become 100% vested in the employer match contributions upon reaching two years of service from date of hire.
We also sponsor a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for certain eligible employees and Board members. At March 31, 2012 and 2011, $19.7 million and $18.8 million, respectively, is included in other long-term liabilities, with a corresponding amount included in long-term investments, related to obligations under this plan and related investments held by us. Individuals participating in this plan receive distributions of their respective balances based on predetermined payout schedules or other events, as defined by the plan.
(11) Stockholders’ Equity
Earnings Per Share
The two-class method is utilized for the computation of earnings per share (EPS). The two-class method requires a portion of net income to be allocated to participating securities, which are unvested awards of share-based payments with non-forfeitable rights to receive dividends or dividend equivalents, if declared. Income allocated to these participating securities is excluded from net earnings allocated to common shares, as shown in the table below.
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income allocated to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income allocated to common shares by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and other dilutive securities using the treasury stock method.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table summarizes our basic and diluted EPS computations for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010:
For the years ended March 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, 1.6 million, 1.4 million and 5.2 million weighted average potential common shares, respectively, have been excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS as they were anti-dilutive.
Treasury Stock
Our Board of Directors has authorized a total of $5.0 billion to repurchase common stock. During fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, we repurchased 19.2 million, 10.6 million and 7.5 million shares, respectively, for $780.5 million, $439.0 million and $275.1 million, respectively, under these authorizations. At March 31, 2012, approximately $850.2 million remains authorized in the stock repurchase program, which does not have an expiration date. In addition, during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, we repurchased 0.9 million, 0.6 million and 0.4 million shares, respectively, for $38.2 million, $25.1 million and $13.0 million, respectively, to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of share-based awards.
(12) Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies
Guarantees
Under our standard software license agreements, we agree to indemnify, defend and hold harmless our licensees from and against certain losses, damages and costs arising from claims alleging the licensees’ use of our software infringes the intellectual property rights of a third party. Also, under these standard license agreements, we represent and warrant to licensees that our software products operate substantially in accordance with published specifications.
Other guarantees include promises to indemnify, defend and hold harmless each of our executive officers, non-employee directors and certain key employees from and against losses, damages and costs incurred by each such individual in administrative, legal or investigative proceedings arising from alleged wrongdoing by the individual while acting in good faith within the scope of his or her job duties on our behalf.
We also had outstanding letters of credit, performance bonds and similar instruments at March 31, 2012 of approximately $44.6 million primarily in support of performance obligations to various customers, but also related to facilities and other obligations.
Historically, we have not incurred significant costs related to such indemnifications, warranties and guarantees. As such, and based on other factors, no provision or accrual for these items has been made.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Lease Commitments
We lease office space and equipment under various non-cancelable operating leases. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective lease terms and amounted to $44.4 million, $53.0 million and $48.1 million during fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
In fiscal 2007, we sold our headquarters campus and three surrounding undeveloped land parcels located in Houston, Texas for approximately $291.9 million in cash, net of closing costs. In connection with the sale of the buildings, we entered into a 15 year lease agreement for the occupied space which expires in June 2021, with the option to terminate the lease in June 2015 and options to renew the lease through June 2041 at market rates. Accordingly, we deferred and are amortizing the gain of approximately $24.2 million as a reduction to rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The lease agreement includes five scheduled rent increases over its term. Rent expense is being recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
The following table summarizes future minimum lease payments to be made under non-cancelable operating leases and minimum sublease payments to be received under non-cancelable subleases at March 31, 2012:
We have procured certain equipment under non-cancelable capital lease arrangements. The current and long-term portions of these capital lease obligations, which are included in accrued liabilities and long-term borrowings, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheets, were $7.6 million and $10.5 million, respectively, at March 31, 2012, and $7.4 million and $13.9 million, respectively, at March 31, 2011. At March 31, 2012, future minimum payments to be made under these capital leases are $8.9 million, $8.3 million and $2.6 million in fiscal 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.
Contingencies
We previously disclosed a lawsuit filed against a number of software companies, including us, by Uniloc USA, Inc. and Uniloc Singapore Private Limited in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division. The complaint sought monetary damages in unspecified amounts and permanent injunction based upon claims for alleged patent infringement. On September 30, 2011, we entered into a Settlement and License Agreement with various Uniloc parties completely settling and dismissing the lawsuit and granting us a permanent license to the intellectual property at issue.
We are party to various labor claims brought by certain former international employees alleging that amounts are due to such employees for unpaid commissions and other compensation. The claims are in various stages and are not expected to be fully resolved in the near future; however, we intend to vigorously contest all of the claims. Taking into account accruals recorded by us, we believe the likelihood of a material adverse effect on our financial statements resulting from these claims is remote. However, we cannot predict the timing or ultimate outcome of these matters.
We are currently litigating a matter in Brazilian courts as to whether a tax applies to the remittance of software payments from our Brazilian operations. In February 2007, a law was enacted that clarified that this particular tax did not apply to the remittance of software payments, retroactive to January 1, 2006. We continue to pursue a favorable resolution on this matter for years prior to January 1, 2006. While we believe we will ultimately prevail based on the merits of our position, if we do not, we could incur a charge of up to approximately $12 million based on current exchange rates; however, we cannot predict the timing or ultimate outcome of this matter.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We are subject to various other legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Taking into account accruals recorded by us, we believe the likelihood of a material adverse effect on our financial statements resulting from any of these matters is remote.
(13) Segment Reporting
We are organized into two business segments, Enterprise Service Management and Mainframe Service Management. The ESM segment derives its revenue from our performance management, automation, IT service management and Atrium solution suites, along with professional services revenue derived from consulting, implementation, integration and educational services related to our software products. The MSM segment derives its revenue from solution suites for mainframe data and performance management and enterprise workload automation.
Segment performance is measured based on segment operating income, reflecting segment revenue less direct and allocated indirect segment operating expenses. Direct segment operating expenses primarily include cost of revenue, selling and marketing, research and development and general and administrative expenses that can be specifically identified to a particular segment and are directly controllable by segment management, while allocated indirect segment operating expenses primarily include indirect costs within these operating expense categories that are not specifically identified to a particular segment or controllable by segment management. The indirect operating expenses are allocated to the segments based on budgeted bookings, revenue and other allocation methods that management believes to be reasonable. Our measure of segment operating income does not include the effect of share-based compensation expenses, amortization of acquired technology and other intangible assets or the costs associated with severance, exit costs and related charges, which are collectively included in unallocated operating expenses below. Assets and liabilities are reviewed by management at the consolidated level only.
The following tables summarize segment performance for fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010:
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Revenue from external customers and long-lived assets (excluding financial instruments, intangible assets and deferred tax assets) attributed to the United States, our corporate headquarters, and all other countries are:
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We do business with customers in a broad range of industries, including significant business with financial service providers, government agencies and service providers. Our ten largest customers comprised 20% or less of our total revenue in each of fiscal 2012, 2011 and 2010 and represented various industries. No single customer accounted for a material portion of our revenue during any of the past three fiscal years. At March 31, 2012 and 2011, approximately 60% and 46%, respectively, of our cash, cash equivalents and investments was held by our international subsidiaries.
(14) New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In December 2011, the FASB issued guidance requiring new disclosures regarding balance sheet offsetting. This guidance requires entities to disclose the gross amounts of certain recognized financial assets and liabilities, to reconcile these amounts to the net positions recognized in the balance sheet and to provide qualitative disclosures about the rights of offset relating to these financial assets and liabilities. This new disclosure guidance is effective for us beginning with our first quarter of fiscal 2014.
(15) Quarterly Results (Unaudited)
The following table sets forth certain unaudited quarterly financial data for fiscal 2012 and 2011. This information has been prepared on the same basis as the accompanying consolidated financial statements, including the results of fiscal 2012 and 2011 acquisitions since their respective acquisition dates, and all necessary adjustments have been included in the amounts below to present fairly the selected quarterly information when read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
We recorded net tax benefits related to the settlement of certain tax matters of $6.2 million during the quarter ended June 30, 2011 and $14.0 million, $18.0 million and $25.2 million during the quarters ended June 30, 2010, September 30, 2010 and March 31, 2011, respectively, as further discussed in Note 8.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
BMC SOFTWARE, INC.
By:
/S/ ROBERT E. BEAUCHAMP
Robert E. Beauchamp
Chairman of the Board, President and
Chief Executive Officer
Date:
May 10, 2012
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signatures
Title
Date
/s/ ROBERT E. BEAUCHAMP
Chairman of the Board, President and
May 10, 2012
Robert E. Beauchamp
Chief Executive Officer
/s/ STEPHEN B.SOLCHER
Senior Vice President and
May 10, 2012
Stephen B. Solcher
Chief Financial Officer
/s/ T. CORY BLEUER
Vice President, Controller and
May 10, 2012
T. Cory Bleuer
Chief Accounting Officer
/s/ JON E. BARFIELD
Director
May 10, 2012
Jon E. Barfield
/s/ GARY L. BLOOM
Director
May 10, 2012
Gary L. Bloom
/s/ MELDON K. GAFNER
Director
May 10, 2012
Meldon K. Gafner
/s/ MARK J. HAWKINS
Director
May 10, 2012
Mark J. Hawkins
/s/ STEPHAN A. JAMES
Director
May 10, 2012
Stephan A. James
/s/ P. THOMAS JENKINS
Director
May 10, 2012
P. Thomas Jenkins
/s/ LOUIS J. LAVIGNE, JR.
Director
May 10, 2012
Louis J. Lavigne, Jr.
/s/ KATHLEEN A. O’NEIL
Director
May 10, 2012
Kathleen A. O’Neil
/s/ TOM C. TINSLEY
Director
May 10, 2012
Tom C. Tinsley
Exhibit
Number
3.1
-
Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of the Company; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2010.
3.2
-
Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 12, 2010.
4.1
-
Indenture, dated at June 4, 2008, between BMC Software, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as trustee; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 4, 2008.
4.2
-
Supplemental Indenture, dated at June 4, 2008, between BMC Software, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as trustee, including the form of the 7.25% Note due 2018; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 4, 2008.
4.3
-
Indenture, dated as of February 13, 2012, between BMC Software, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as trustee; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 13, 2012.
4.4
-
Supplemental Indenture, dated at February 13, 2012, between BMC Software, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as trustee, including the form of the 4.25% Note due 2022; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 13, 2012.
10.1(a)
-
BMC Software, Inc. 1994 Employee Incentive Plan (conformed version inclusive of amendments); incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2008.
10.1(b)
-
Second Amendment to the BMC Software, Inc. 1994 Employee Incentive Plan; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1(b) to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2009 (the 2009 10-K).
Exhibit
Number
10.2(a)
-
BMC Software, Inc. 1994 Non-employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8(a) to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 1995 (the 1995 10-K).
10.2(b)
-
Form of Stock Option Agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 1994 Non-employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8(b) to the 1995 10-K.
10.3
-
Form of Indemnification Agreement among the Company and its directors and executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the 1995 10-K.
10.4
-
BMC Software, Inc. 2000 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (conformed version inclusive of amendments); incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2008.
10.5
-
Amended and Restated BMC Software, Inc. Executive Deferred Compensation Plan; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5(d) to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2008.
10.6
-
Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and Robert E. Beauchamp; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 24, 2008.
10.7
-
BMC Software, Inc. 2002 Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan; incorporated by reference to Appendix B to our 2002 Proxy Statement filed with the SEC on Schedule 14A.
10.8
-
BMC Software, Inc. 2002 Employee Incentive Plan (conformed version inclusive of amendments); incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2008.
10.9
-
BMC Software, Inc. Short-term Incentive Performance Award Program (as amended and restated); incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009.
10.10
-
BMC Software, Inc. Long-term Incentive Performance Award Program (as amended and restated); incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009.
10.11
-
Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and Stephen B. Solcher; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 24, 2008.
10.12
-
BladeLogic, Inc. 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the BladeLogic, Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-141915).
10.13
-
First Amendment to BladeLogic, Inc. 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34(b) to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2008.
10.14
-
BMC Software, Inc. Clawback Policy and form of Consent; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 1, 2012.
Exhibit
Number
10.15
-
Form of Stock Option Award Agreement employed under BladeLogic, Inc. 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the 2009 10-K.
10.16
-
Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 1994 Employee Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2006.
10.17
-
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement employed under BladeLogic, Inc. 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the 2009 10-K.
10.18
-
Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and William Miller; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2008.
10.19
-
Form of Stock Option Agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2007.
10.20
-
Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2007.
10.21
-
Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2007.
10.22
-
Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and Hollie S. Castro; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009.
10.23
-
Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 12, 2008.
10.24
-
Form of Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 12, 2008.
10.25
-
Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement for Robert E. Beauchamp; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 20, 2008.
10.26
-
BMC Software, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan (as amended); incorporated by reference to Annex A to our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A dated June 24, 2009.
Exhibit
Number
10.27
-
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and Robert E. Beauchamp; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 3, 2010.
10.28
-
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and Stephen B. Solcher; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 3, 2010.
10.29
-
Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and William D. Miller; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.38 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 3, 2010.
10.30
-
Form of Performance-based market stock unit award agreement employed under BMC Software, Inc. 2007 Incentive Plan utilized for senior executive officers; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 9, 2010.
10.31
-
Credit Agreement Dated as of November 30, 2010; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2010.
10.32
-
Amendment dated November 1, 2011 to Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and Robert E. Beauchamp; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2011.
10.33
-
Amendment dated November 10, 2011 to Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and Stephen B. Solcher; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2011.
10.34
-
Amendment dated November 30, 2011 to Executive Employment Agreement between BMC Software, Inc. and William D. Miller; incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2011.
*21.1
-
Subsidiaries of the Company.
*23.1
-
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
*31.1
-
Certification of Chief Executive Officer of BMC Software, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*31.2
-
Certification of Chief Financial Officer of BMC Software, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*32.1
-
Certification of Chief Executive Officer of BMC Software, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
*32.2
-
Certification of Chief Financial Officer of BMC Software, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
*101.INS
-
XBRL Instance Document.
*101.SCH
-
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
*101.CAL
-
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
*101.LAB
-
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
*101.PRE
-
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
*101.DEF
-
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
* Filed herewith