OMNICOM GROUP INC.
Item 1. Business
Pending Business Combination
On July 27, 2013, the Company and Publicis Groupe S.A. (“Publicis”) entered into a Business Combination Agreement (the “Business Combination Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company and Publicis agreed, subject to the terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement, to combine their respective businesses (the “Business Combination”). In the Business Combination, Publicis will merge (the “Publicis Merger”) with and into Publicis Omnicom Group N.V., a newly-formed Dutch holding company (“Publicis Omnicom Group” or “HoldCo”), with Publicis Omnicom Group being the surviving entity in the Publicis Merger, and immediately after consummation of the Publicis Merger, a corporation wholly-owned by Publicis Omnicom Group will merge (the “Omnicom Merger” and together with the Publicis Merger, the “Mergers”) with and into the Company, with the Company being the surviving corporation in the Omnicom Merger.
In the Publicis Merger, each issued and outstanding share of Publicis will be exchanged for 1.000000 ordinary share of Publicis Omnicom Group. In addition, prior to completion of the Publicis Merger, Publicis intends to declare and pay a special dividend, in cash, in an amount equal to €1.00 per Publicis share (the “Publicis Transaction Dividend”). In the Omnicom Merger, each share of common stock of the Company will be converted into the right to receive 0.813008 of a Publicis Omnicom Group ordinary share, together with cash in lieu of fractional shares, subject to adjustment to account for certain changes in outstanding shares and certain excluded asset values as set forth in the Business Combination Agreement. Similarly, prior to completion of the Omnicom Merger, the Company intends to declare and pay a special cash dividend of $2.00 per share of the Company’s outstanding common stock (the “Omnicom Transaction Dividend” and, together with the Publicis Transaction Dividend, the “Transaction Dividends”), subject to adjustment to account for certain changes in outstanding shares of the parties and certain excluded asset values, in each case as set forth in the Business Combination Agreement, and, if necessary, to equalize the cumulative amount of regular dividends paid by the Company after July 27, 2013 with the cumulative amount of regular Publicis dividends paid after July 27, 2013. However, dividends of up to $0.80 per share in the aggregate paid to holders of the Company's common stock in respect of record dates after July 27, 2013 and before the Mergers are not included in this equalization. The payment of the Transaction Dividends is also subject to applicable law.
Completion of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement (which include the Mergers, the Publicis Transaction Dividend, and the Omnicom Transaction Dividend, collectively, the “Transactions”) will require resolution of all open issues, complexities and challenges and will be subject to the satisfaction or waiver, if legally permitted, of certain conditions including (a) approval and adoption of the Business Combination Agreement and the Omnicom Merger by the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company, approval of the Cross-Border Merger Terms (as described in the Business Combination Agreement), and the Publicis Merger by the holders of two-thirds of the voting rights attached to the Publicis shares present at a meeting of the Publicis shareholders, and the approval of the Publicis Transaction Dividend by the holders of a majority of the voting rights attached to the Publicis shares present at a meeting of the Publicis shareholders; (b) approval by requisite governmental regulators and authorities, including approvals under applicable competition laws; (c) the listing of the Publicis Omnicom Group ordinary shares on applicable stock exchanges; (d) the absence of any law or order prohibiting the completion of the Transactions; and (e) the absence of a material adverse effect on either the Company or Publicis. Therefore, completion of the Transactions is unlikely to occur before the third quarter of 2014.
The completion of the Transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement will have a material effect on our future results of operations and financial position.
Our Business
Omnicom, a strategic holding company, was formed in 1986 by the merger of several leading advertising, marketing and corporate communications companies. We are a leading global advertising, marketing and corporate communications company and we operate in a highly competitive industry. The proliferation of media channels, including the rapid development and integration of interactive technologies and mediums, has fragmented consumer audiences targeted by our clients. These developments make it more complex for marketers to reach their target audiences in a cost-effective way, causing them to turn
to marketing service providers such as Omnicom for a customized mix of advertising and marketing communications services designed to make the best use of their total marketing expenditures.
Our agencies operate in all major markets around the world and provide a comprehensive range of services, which we group into four fundamental disciplines: advertising, customer relationship management, or CRM, public relations and specialty communications. The services included in these disciplines are:
advertising
investor relations
brand consultancy
marketing research
corporate social responsibility consulting
media planning and buying
crisis communications
mobile marketing
custom publishing
multi-cultural marketing
data analytics
non-profit marketing
database management
organizational communications
direct marketing
package design
entertainment marketing
product placement
environmental design
promotional marketing
experiential marketing
public affairs
field marketing
public relations
financial/corporate business-to-business advertising
reputation consulting
graphic arts
retail marketing
healthcare communications
search engine marketing
instore design
social media marketing
interactive marketing
sports and event marketing
Although the medium used to reach a client’s target audience may differ across each of these disciplines, we develop and deliver the marketing message in a similar way by providing client-specific consulting services.
Our business model was built and continues to evolve around our clients. While our agencies operate under different names and frame their ideas in different disciplines, we organize our services around our clients. The fundamental premise of our business is to deliver our services and allocate our resources based on the specific requirements of our clients. As clients increase their demands for marketing effectiveness and efficiency, they have tended to consolidate their business with larger, multi-disciplinary agencies or integrated groups of agencies. Accordingly, our business model demands that multiple agencies within Omnicom collaborate in formal and informal virtual networks that cut across internal organizational structures to execute against our clients’ specific marketing requirements. We believe that this organizational philosophy, and our ability to execute it, differentiates us from our competitors.
Our agency networks and our virtual networks provide us with the ability to integrate services across all disciplines and geographies. This means that the delivery of our services can, and does, take place across agencies, networks and geographic regions simultaneously. Further, we believe that our virtual network strategy facilitates better integration of services required by the demands of the marketplace for advertising and marketing communications services. Our over-arching business strategy is to continue to use our virtual networks to grow our business relationships with our clients.
The various components of our business and material factors that affected us in 2013 are discussed in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” or MD&A, of this report. None of our acquisitions or dispositions in the three year period ended December 31, 2013 was material to our financial position or results of operations. For information concerning our acquisitions, see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements.
Geographic Regions and Segments
Our revenue is almost evenly divided between our United States and international operations. For financial information concerning our domestic and international operations and segment reporting, see our MD&A and Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements.
Our Clients
Consistent with our fundamental business strategy, our agencies serve similar clients, in similar industries, and in many cases the same clients, across a variety of geographic regions and locations. Our clients operate in virtually every industry sector of the global economy. Furthermore, in many cases, multiple agencies or networks serve different brand and/or product groups within the same clients. For example, in 2013, our largest client was served by more than 175 of our agencies and represented 2.7% of revenue and no other client accounted for more than 2.5% of revenue. In 2013, our top 100 clients, ranked
by revenue, were each served, on average, by more than 50 of our agencies and collectively represented approximately 51% of revenue.
Our Employees
At December 31, 2013, we employed approximately 71,800 people. We are not party to any significant collective bargaining agreements. The skill sets of our workforce across our agencies and within each discipline are similar. Common to all is the ability to understand a client’s brand or product and their selling proposition and to develop a unique message to communicate the value of the brand or product to the client’s target audience. Recognizing the importance of this core competency, we have established tailored training and education programs for our client service professionals around this competency. See our MD&A for a discussion of the effect of salary and related costs on our results of operations.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
At January 31, 2014, our executive officers were:
Name
Position
Age
Bruce Crawford
Chairman of the Board
John D. Wren
President and Chief Executive Officer
Randall J. Weisenburger
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Peter Mead
Vice Chairman
Philip J. Angelastro
Senior Vice President Finance and Controller
Michael J. O’Brien
Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Dennis E. Hewitt
Treasurer
Each executive officer has held his present position for at least five years.
Additional information about our directors and executive officers will appear under the captions “Corporate Governance,” “Transactions with Related Persons,” “Election of Directors,” “Executive Compensation,” “Directors Compensation for Fiscal 2013” and “Stock Ownership” in our definitive proxy statement, which is expected to be filed with the SEC by April 10, 2014.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our entry into the Business Combination Agreement with Publicis may have adverse impacts.
In order to complete the Business Combination with Publicis, customary closing conditions must be satisfied, including receipt of approvals by governmental regulators and authorities, including approvals under applicable competition laws, approval by our and Publicis shareholders of the Transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, the listing of the Publicis Omnicom Group shares on the applicable stock exchanges, and the absence of a material adverse effect on either our business or the Publicis business. It is not certain that these conditions will be met or waived, that we and Publicis will be able to obtain the necessary approvals, or that we will be able to resolve all open issues, complexities and challenges necessary to consummate successfully the business combination as provided for under the Business Combination Agreement, or at all.
We face risks and uncertainties due both to the pendency of the business combination as well as the potential failure to consummate the business combination, including:
•
we may not realize any or all of the potential benefits combining the businesses of Omnicom and Publicis;
•
even if the business combination is not consummated, we will remain liable for significant transaction costs, including legal, financial advisory, accounting, and other costs relating to the business combination;
•
we may have to pay a termination fee of $500 million in cash to Publicis under some circumstances if the Business Combination Agreement is terminated before we complete the business combination;
•
the pending business combination could have an adverse impact on our relationships with employees, clients and suppliers, and prospective clients or other third parties may delay or decline entering into agreements with us as a result of the announcement of the proposed business combination; and
•
the attention of our management and employees may be diverted from our day-to-day operations.
The occurrence of any of these events individually or in combination could have a material adverse effect on our share price, business and cash flows, results of operations and financial position.
Global economic conditions could adversely impact our business and results of operations and financial position.
Global economic conditions have a direct impact on our business and financial performance. In particular, current global economic conditions pose a risk that our clients may reduce future spending on advertising and marketing services which could reduce the demand for our services. If domestic or global economic conditions worsen or do not improve, our results of operations and financial position could be adversely affected. We will continue to closely monitor economic conditions, client revenue levels and other factors and, in response to reductions in our client revenue, if necessary, we will take actions available to us to align our cost structure and manage working capital. There can be no assurance whether, or to what extent, our efforts to mitigate any impact of future economic conditions, reductions in our client revenue, changes in client creditworthiness and other developments will be effective.
A reduction in client spending, a delay in client payments or conditions in the credit markets could have a material adverse effect on our working capital.
Global economic uncertainty, turmoil in the credit markets or a contraction in the availability of credit may make it more difficult for businesses, including us, to meet their working capital requirements and could lead clients to seek to change their financial relationship with their vendors, including us, and could cause our clients to reduce spending on our services, delay the payment for our services or take additional actions that would negatively affect our working capital. We could need to obtain additional financing to fund our day-to-day working capital requirements in such circumstances. There is no assurance that such additional financing would be available on favorable terms, if at all. Such circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
In an economic downturn, the risk of a material loss related to media purchases and production costs incurred on behalf of our clients could significantly increase and methods for managing or mitigating such risk may be less available or unavailable.
In the normal course of business, our agencies enter into contractual commitments with media providers and production companies on behalf of our clients at levels that can substantially exceed the revenue from our services. These commitments are included in accounts payable when the services are delivered by the media providers or production companies. If permitted by local law and the client agreement, many of our agencies purchase media and production services for our clients as an agent for a disclosed principal. In addition, while operating practices vary by country, media type and media vendor, in the United States and certain foreign markets, many of our agencies’ contracts with media and production providers specify that our agencies are not liable to the media and production providers under the theory of sequential liability until and to the extent we have been paid by our client for the media or production services.
Where purchases of media and production services are made by our agencies as a principal or are not subject to the theory of sequential liability, the risk of a material loss as a result of payment default by our clients could increase significantly and such a loss could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
In addition, methods of managing the risk of payment default, including obtaining credit insurance, requiring payment in advance, mitigating the potential loss in the marketplace or negotiating with media providers, may be less available or unavailable during a severe economic downturn.
Companies periodically review and change their advertising, marketing and corporate communications services business models and relationships. If we are unable to remain competitive or retain key clients, our business and results of operations and financial position may be adversely affected.
The markets we operate in are highly competitive and are expected to remain so. Key competitive considerations for retaining existing business and winning new business include our ability to develop marketing solutions that meet client needs in a rapidly changing environment, the quality and effectiveness of the services we offer and our ability to efficiently serve clients, particularly large international clients, on a broad geographic basis. While many of our client relationships are long-standing, from time to time clients put their advertising, marketing and corporate communications services business up for competitive review. We have won and lost accounts in the past as a result of these reviews. To the extent that we are not able to remain competitive or retain key clients, our revenue may be adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
The success of our acquiring and retaining clients depends on our ability to avoid and manage conflicts of interest arising from other client relationships, the retention of key personnel and maintaining a highly skilled workforce.
Our ability to retain existing clients and to attract new clients may, in some cases, be limited by clients’ perceptions of, or policies concerning, conflicts of interest arising from other client relationships. If we are unable to maintain multiple agencies to manage multiple client relationships and avoid potential conflicts of interests, our business, results of operations and financial position may be adversely affected.
Our employees are our most important assets and our ability to attract and retain key personnel is an important aspect of our competitiveness. If we are unable to attract and retain key personnel, including highly skilled technically proficient personnel, our ability to provide our services in the manner our customers have come to expect may be adversely affected, which could harm our reputation and result in a loss of clients, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
Approximately 51% of our revenue in 2013 came from our 100 largest clients and the loss of several of these clients could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial position.
Our clients generally are able to reduce advertising and marketing spending or cancel projects at any time on short notice for any reason. It is possible that our clients could reduce spending in comparison to historical patterns, or they could reduce future spending. A significant reduction in advertising and marketing spending by our largest clients, or the loss of several of our largest clients, if not replaced by new clients or an increase in business from existing clients, would adversely affect our revenue and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
We rely extensively on information technology systems.
We rely on information technology systems and infrastructure to process transactions, summarize results and manage our business, including maintaining client marketing and advertising information. Our information technology systems are potentially vulnerable to system failures and network disruptions, malicious intrusion and random attack. Likewise, data security incidents and breaches by employees and others with or without permitted access to our systems may pose a risk that sensitive data may be exposed to unauthorized persons or to the public. Additionally, we utilize third parties, including cloud providers, to store, transfer or process data. While we have taken what we believe are prudent measures to protect our data and information technology systems, there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent system failures or network disruptions or breaches in our systems, or in systems of third parties we use, that could adversely affect our reputation or business.
Government regulations and consumer advocates may limit the scope and content of our services, which could affect our ability to meet our clients’ needs, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
Government agencies and consumer groups directly or indirectly affect or attempt to affect the scope, content and manner of presentation of advertising, marketing and corporate communications services, through regulation or other governmental action. Any limitation on the scope or content of our services could affect our ability to meet our clients’ needs, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position. In addition, there has been a tendency on the part of businesses to resort to the judicial system to challenge advertising practices. Such actions by businesses or governmental agencies could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
Additionally, government or legislative action may limit the tax deductibility of advertising expenditures by certain industries or for certain products and services. These actions could cause our clients affected by such actions to reduce their spending on our services which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
Further, laws and regulations, related to user privacy, use of personal information and Internet tracking technologies have been proposed or enacted in the United States and certain international markets. These laws and regulations could affect the acceptance of new communications technologies and the use of current communications technologies as advertising mediums. These actions could affect our business and reduce demand for certain of our services, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
We are a global service business and face certain risks of doing business abroad, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position and liquidity.
We face a number of risks normally associated with a global service business. The operational and financial performance of our businesses are typically tied to overall economic and regional market conditions, competition for client assignments and talented staff, new business and the risks associated with extensive international operations. We also must comply with applicable U.S. local and other international anti-corruption laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, which can be complex and stringent, in all jurisdictions where we operate. These risks could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position. For financial information on our operations by geographic region, see Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements.
We are exposed to risks from operating in developing countries and high-growth markets.
We conduct business in numerous developing countries and high-growth markets around the world. Our operations outside the United States are also exposed to risks that include: slower receipt of payments; social, political and economic instability, currency fluctuation and currency repatriation restrictions. In addition, commercial laws in developing countries and high-growth markets can be undeveloped, vague, inconsistently enforced or frequently changed. If we are deemed not to be in compliance with applicable laws in countries and markets where we conduct business, our prospects and business in those countries and markets could be harmed, which could then have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial position.
Downgrades of our debt credit ratings could adversely affect us.
Standard and Poor’s Rating Service, or S&P, rates our long-term debt BBB+ and Moody’s Investors Service, or Moody's, rates our long-term debt Baa1. Our short-term debt ratings are A2 and P2 by the respective rating agencies. Our outstanding Senior Notes, Convertible Notes due July 31, 2032, or the 2032 Notes, and $2.5 billion Credit Agreement, or the Credit Agreement, do not contain provisions that require acceleration of cash payment upon a ratings downgrade. However, the interest rates and fees on our Credit Agreement would increase if our long-term debt credit ratings are downgraded. Also, our access to the capital markets could be adversely affected by downgrades in our short-term or long-term debt credit ratings. Our 2032 Notes would become convertible into shares of our common stock if the credit ratings assigned to the 2032 Notes are downgraded to BBB or lower by S&P or Baa3 or lower by Moody’s.
We may be unsuccessful in evaluating material risks involved in completed and future acquisitions.
We regularly evaluate potential acquisition of businesses that we believe are complementary to our businesses and client needs. As part of the evaluation, we conduct business, legal and financial due diligence with the goal of identifying and evaluating material risks involved in any particular transaction. Despite our efforts, we may be unsuccessful in ascertaining or evaluating all such risks. As a result, we might not realize the intended advantages of any given acquisition. If we fail to identify certain material risks from one or more acquisitions, our results of operations and financial position could be adversely affected.
Our goodwill may become impaired, which could adversely effect our results of operations and financial position.
In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP or GAAP, we have recorded a significant amount of goodwill in our consolidated financial statements resulting from our acquisition activities, which principally represents the specialized know-how of the workforce at the acquired businesses. As discussed in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements, we test the carrying value of goodwill for impairment at least annually at the end of the second quarter and whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. The estimates and assumptions about future results of operations and cash flows made in connection with the impairment testing could differ from future actual results of operations and cash flows. While we have concluded, for each year presented in the financial statements included in this report, that our goodwill is not impaired, future events could cause us to conclude that the asset values associated with a given operation may become impaired. Any resulting impairment charge, although non-cash, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
We could be affected by future laws or regulations enacted in response to climate change concerns and other actions.
Generally, our businesses are not directly affected by current cap and trade laws and other regulatory requirements aimed at mitigating the impact of climate change by reducing emissions or otherwise; although, our businesses could be in the future. However, we could be indirectly affected by increased prices for goods or services provided to us by companies that are directly affected by these laws and regulations and pass their increased costs through to their customers. Further, if our clients are impacted by such laws or requirements, either directly or indirectly, their spending for advertising and marketing services may decline, which could adversely impact our results of operations and financial position. Additionally, to comply with potential future changes in environmental laws and regulations, we may need to incur additional costs. At this time, we cannot estimate what impact such costs may have on our results of operations and financial position.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
We have offices throughout the world. The facility requirements of our businesses are similar across geographic regions and disciplines. Our facilities are primarily used by our employees to provide professional services to our clients. We believe that our facilities are in suitable and well-maintained condition for our current operations. Our principal corporate offices are located at 437 Madison Avenue, New York, New York; One East Weaver Street, Greenwich, Connecticut and 1800 N. Military Trail, Boca Raton, Florida. We also maintain executive offices in London, England; Shanghai, China and Singapore.
We lease substantially all our office space under operating leases that expire at various dates. Lease obligations of our foreign operations are generally denominated in their local currency. Office base rent expense was $369.3 million, $380.1 million and $368.8 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, net of rent received from non-cancelable third-party subleases of $10.6 million, $10.4 million and $12.8 million, respectively.
Future minimum office base rent under non-cancelable operating leases, net of rent receivable from existing non-cancelable third-party subleases, is (in millions):
Net Rent
$
343.7
250.1
189.0
134.5
110.0
Thereafter
302.9
$
1,330.2
See Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements for a description of our lease commitments and our MD&A for a description of the impact of leases on our operating expenses.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
A putative class action challenging the Business Combination was filed on August 5, 2013 on behalf of Omnicom shareholders in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County. The action, entitled Ansfield v. Wren, et al., names as defendants Omnicom and its board of directors, as well as Publicis and HoldCo. It alleges that the members of the Omnicom board breached their fiduciary duties by, among other things, approving a merger that is purportedly detrimental to Omnicom’s shareholders. The action also alleges that Publicis aided and abetted the Omnicom board’s breach of their fiduciary duties. The action seeks an injunction barring or rescinding the Business Combination, damages and attorneys’ fees and costs.
Two additional purported class actions were subsequently filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County: Lee v. Omnicom Group, et al., filed on August 14, 2013, and Fultz v. Crawford et al., filed on August 20, 2013. Both of these actions name as defendants Omnicom and its board of directors, as well as Publicis, and make substantially the same allegations and seek substantially the same relief as the Ansfield case.
On August 19, 2013, plaintiffs in the Ansfield and Lee actions filed a motion to consolidate those actions with each other and with all subsequently filed or transferred actions arising out of the same facts and circumstances, to select plaintiffs as lead plaintiffs and to approve plaintiffs’ selection of counsel as co-lead counsel. On October 3, 2013, plaintiffs in all three cases asked the Court to consolidate the three cases, and to approve lead plaintiffs and plaintiffs’ selection of counsel as co-lead counsel.
On October 24, 2013, the Court approved plaintiffs’ motion to consolidate the Ansfield, Lee, and Fultz actions with each other and with all subsequently filed or transferred actions arising out of the same facts and circumstances under the caption: In re Omnicom Group Inc. Shareholder Litigation, Index No. 652737/2013, and in the same order appointed co-lead counsel. On October 29, 2013, the Court approved the parties’ stipulation requiring plaintiffs to file an amended complaint within three weeks after HoldCo files a preliminary proxy statement/prospectus.
Omnicom believes the consolidated lawsuit is without merit and intends to defend vigorously against it. Due to the inherent uncertainties of such matters, and because discovery is not yet completed, we are unable to predict potential outcomes or estimate of the range of potential damages, if any. Management does not presently expect that the outcome of this matter will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position.
In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various other legal proceedings. We do not presently expect that these other proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our common stock is listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “OMC.” On January 31, 2014, there were 2,359 holders of record of our common stock.
The quarterly high and low sales prices reported on the New York Stock Exchange Composite Tape for our common stock and the dividends paid per share for 2013 and 2012 were:
High
Low
Dividends Paid
Per Share
First Quarter
$
60.05
$
50.40
$
0.40
Second Quarter
64.29
57.73
0.40
Third Quarter
70.50
59.70
0.40
Fourth Quarter
74.50
61.35
0.40
First Quarter
$
51.38
$
43.83
$
0.30
Second Quarter
52.19
45.65
0.30
Third Quarter
54.76
47.03
0.30
Fourth Quarter
53.07
45.11
0.30
Stock repurchase activity during the three months ended December 31, 2013 was:
Period
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
Average Price Paid
Per Share
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
Maximum Number
of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs
October 2013
37,697
$
64.75
-
-
November 2013
6,695
65.66
-
-
December 2013
15,587
70.39
-
-
59,979
$
66.32
-
-
During the three months ended December 31, 2013, we withheld 59,979 shares from employees to satisfy estimated statutory income tax obligations related to stock option exercises and vesting of restricted stock. The value of the common stock withheld was based on the closing price of our common stock on the applicable exercise or vesting date. There were no purchases of our common stock in the open market during the three months ended December 31, 2013.
There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the three months ended December 31, 2013.
For information on securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans, see “Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters,” which relevant information will be included under the caption “Equity Compensation Plans” in our definitive proxy statement, which is expected to be filed with the SEC by April 10, 2014.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes that begin on page of this report, as well as our MD&A.
(In millions, except per share amounts)
For the years ended December 31:
Revenue
$
14,584.5
$
14,219.4
$
13,872.5
$
12,542.5
$
11,720.7
Operating Income
1,825.3
1,804.2
1,671.1
1,460.2
1,374.9
Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc.
991.1
998.3
952.6
827.7
793.0
Net Income Per Common Share - Omnicom Group Inc.:
Basic
3.73
3.64
3.38
2.74
2.54
Diluted
3.71
3.61
3.33
2.70
2.53
Dividends Declared Per Common Share
1.60
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
(In millions)
At December 31:
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments
$
2,728.7
$
2,698.9
$
1,805.0
$
2,300.0
$
1,594.8
Total Assets
22,098.7
22,151.9
20,505.4
19,566.1
17,920.7
Long-Term Obligations:
Long-term notes payable
3,780.7
3,789.1
2,523.5
2,465.1
1,494.6
Convertible debt
252.7
659.4
659.4
659.5
726.0
Long-term liabilities
685.1
739.9
602.0
576.5
462.0
Total Shareholders’ Equity
3,582.4
3,460.8
3,504.3
3,580.5
4,194.8
In 2013, we incurred expenses in connection with the proposed merger with Publicis of $41.4 million, which are primarily comprised of professional fees. The impact on Operating Income, Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc. and Diluted Net Income per Common Share - Omnicom Group Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $41.4 million, $34.9 million and $0.13, respectively.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
PENDING BUSINESS COMBINATION
On July 27, 2013, the Company and Publicis Groupe S.A. (“Publicis”) entered into a Business Combination Agreement (the “Business Combination Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company and Publicis agreed, subject to the terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement, to combine their respective businesses (the “Business Combination”). In the Business Combination, Publicis will merge (the “Publicis Merger”) with and into Publicis Omnicom Group N.V., a newly-formed Dutch holding company (“Publicis Omnicom Group” or “HoldCo”), with Publicis Omnicom Group being the surviving entity in the Publicis Merger, and immediately after consummation of the Publicis Merger, a corporation wholly-owned by Publicis Omnicom Group will merge (the “Omnicom Merger” and together with the Publicis Merger, the “Mergers”) with and into the Company, with the Company being the surviving corporation in the Omnicom Merger.
In the Publicis Merger, each issued and outstanding share of Publicis will be exchanged for 1.000000 ordinary share of Publicis Omnicom Group. In addition, prior to completion of the Publicis Merger, Publicis intends to declare and pay a special dividend, in cash, in an amount equal to €1.00 per Publicis share (the “Publicis Transaction Dividend”). In the Omnicom Merger, each share of common stock of the Company will be converted into the right to receive 0.813008 of a Publicis Omnicom Group ordinary share, together with cash in lieu of fractional shares, subject to adjustment to account for certain changes in outstanding shares and certain excluded asset values as set forth in the Business Combination Agreement. Similarly, prior to completion of the Omnicom Merger, the Company intends to declare and pay a special cash dividend of $2.00 per share of the Company’s outstanding common stock (the “Omnicom Transaction Dividend” and, together with the Publicis Transaction Dividend, the “Transaction Dividends”), subject to adjustment to account for certain changes in outstanding shares of the parties and certain excluded asset values, in each case as set forth in the Business Combination Agreement, and, if necessary, to equalize the cumulative amount of regular dividends paid by the Company after July 27, 2013 with the cumulative amount of regular Publicis dividends paid after July 27, 2013. However, dividends of up to $0.80 per share in the aggregate paid to holders of the Company’s common stock in respect of record dates after July 27, 2013 and before the Mergers are not included in this equalization. The payment of the Transaction Dividends is also subject to applicable law.
Completion of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement (which include the Mergers, the Publicis Transaction Dividend, and the Omnicom Transaction Dividend, collectively, the “Transactions”) will require resolution of all open issues, complexities and challenges and will be subject to the satisfaction or waiver, if legally permitted, of certain conditions including (a) approval and adoption of the Business Combination Agreement and the Omnicom Merger by the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company, approval of the Cross-Border Merger Terms (as described in the Business Combination Agreement), and the Publicis Merger by the holders of two-thirds of the voting rights attached to the Publicis shares present at a meeting of the Publicis shareholders, and the approval of the Publicis Transaction Dividend by the holders of a majority of the voting rights attached to the Publicis shares present at a meeting of the Publicis shareholders; (b) approval by requisite governmental regulators and authorities, including approvals under applicable competition laws; (c) the listing of the Publicis Omnicom Group ordinary shares on applicable stock exchanges; (d) the absence of any law or order prohibiting the completion of the Transactions; and (e) the absence of a material adverse effect on either the Company or Publicis. Therefore, completion of the Transactions is unlikely to occur before the third quarter of 2014.
The completion of the Transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement will have a material effect on our future results of operations and financial position.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
We are a strategic holding company. We provide professional services to clients through multiple agencies around the world. On a global, pan-regional and local basis, our agencies provide these services in the following disciplines: advertising, customer relationship management, or CRM, public relations and specialty communications. Our business model was built and continues to evolve around our clients. While our agencies operate under different names and frame their ideas in different disciplines, we organize our services around our clients. The fundamental premise of our business is that our clients’ specific requirements should be the central focus in how we deliver our services and allocate our resources. This client-centric business model results in multiple agencies collaborating in formal and informal virtual networks that cut across internal organizational structures to deliver consistent brand messages for a specific client and execute against each of our clients’ specific marketing requirements. We continually seek to grow our business with our existing clients by maintaining our client-centric approach, as well as expanding our existing business relationships into new markets and with new clients. In addition, we pursue selective acquisitions of complementary companies with strong entrepreneurial management teams that typically currently serve or have the ability to serve our existing client base.
As a leading global advertising, marketing and corporate communications company, we operate in all major markets around the world and have a large and diverse client base. In 2013, our largest client accounted for 2.7% of revenue and no other client accounted for more than 2.5% of revenue. Our top 100 clients accounted for approximately 51% of revenue in 2013. Our business is spread across a significant number of industry sectors with no one industry comprising more than 14% of revenue in 2013. Although our revenue is generally balanced between the United States and international markets and we have a large and diverse client base, we are not immune to general economic downturns.
As described in more detail below, in 2013 revenue increased 2.6% compared to 2012. Increased revenue in the United States and continued growth in both high-growth markets and emerging markets of Asia and Latin America was partially offset by the on-going economic weakness in the Euro Zone.
Global economic conditions have a direct impact on our business and financial performance. In particular, current global economic conditions pose a risk that our clients may reduce future spending on advertising and marketing services which could reduce the demand for our services. In 2013 the United States experienced modest economic growth and the major economies of Asia and Latin America continued to expand. While economic conditions in the Euro Zone began to stabilize in the second half of 2013, the continuing fiscal issues faced by many countries in the European Union has caused economic difficulty in certain of our Euro Zone markets. We will continue to closely monitor economic conditions, client revenue levels and other factors and, in response to reductions in our client revenue, if necessary, we will take actions available to us to align our cost structure and manage working capital. There can be no assurance whether, or to what extent, our efforts to mitigate any impact of future economic conditions, reductions in our client revenue, changes in client creditworthiness and other developments will be effective.
Certain business trends have had a positive impact on our business and industry. These trends include our clients increasingly expanding the focus of their brand strategies from national markets to pan-regional and global markets and integrating traditional and non-traditional marketing channels, as well as utilizing new communications technologies and emerging digital platforms. Additionally, in an effort to gain greater efficiency and effectiveness from their total marketing budgets, clients continue to require greater coordination of marketing activities. We believe these trends have benefited our business in the past and over the medium and long term will continue to provide a competitive advantage to us.
In the near term, barring unforeseen events and excluding the impact from changes in foreign exchange rates and the effect of the pending merger with Publicis, as a result of continued improvement in operating performance by many of our agencies and new business activities, we expect our 2014 revenue to increase modestly in excess of the weighted average nominal GDP growth in our major markets. We expect to continue to identify acquisition opportunities intended to build upon the core capabilities of our strategic business platforms, expand our operations in the emerging markets and enhance our capabilities to leverage new technologies that are being used by marketers today.
Given our size and breadth, we manage our business by monitoring several financial indicators. The key indicators that we review focus on revenue and operating expenses. We analyze revenue growth by reviewing the components and mix of the growth, including growth by major geographic region, growth by major marketing discipline, impact from foreign currency fluctuations, growth from acquisitions and growth from our largest clients. In recent years, our revenue has been divided almost evenly between our domestic and international operations.
In 2013 revenue increased 2.6% compared to 2012. Organic growth increased revenue 3.5%. Acquisitions, net of dispositions reduced revenue 0.3% and the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates reduced revenue by 0.6%. Across our geographic markets, revenue increased 2.8% in the United States, 6.2% in the United Kingdom, 1.8% in our other markets, primarily Asia and Latin America, and 0.9% in our Euro markets. The change in revenue in 2013 compared to 2012 in our four fundamental disciplines was: advertising increased 3.6%, CRM increased 1.3%, public relations increased 2.9% and specialty communications increased 2.0%.
We measure operating expenses in two distinct cost categories: salary and service costs and office and general expenses. Salary and service costs consist of employee compensation and related costs and direct service costs. Office and general expenses consist of rent and occupancy costs, technology costs, depreciation and amortization and other overhead expenses. Each of our agencies requires professionals with the skill sets that are common across our disciplines. At the core of the skill sets is the ability to understand a client’s brand or product and its selling proposition and the ability to develop a unique message to communicate the value of the brand or product to the client’s target audience. The facility requirements of our agencies are also similar across geographic regions and disciplines, and their technology requirements are generally limited to personal computers, servers and off-the-shelf software. Because we are a service business, we monitor salary and service costs and office and general costs in relation to revenue.
Salary and service costs tend to fluctuate in conjunction with changes in revenue. Salary and service costs increased 3.1% in 2013 compared to 2012, reflecting growth in revenue and an increase in employee compensation, including incentive compensation and severance, as well as increases related to changes in the mix of our business during the year.
Office and general expenses are less directly linked to changes in revenue than salary and service costs. Office and general expenses decreased 0.7% in 2013 compared to 2012, reflecting our continuing efforts to control the cost structures of our agencies.
In the second half of 2013 we incurred $41.4 million of expenses in connection with the pending merger with Publicis, which are primarily comprised of professional fees. The merger expenses are shown as a separate component of operating expenses and we expect to incur additional merger expenses in 2014.
Operating margins decreased to 12.5% in 2013 from 12.7% in 2012 and EBITA margins decreased to 13.2% in 2013 from 13.4% in 2012. Excluding the merger expenses of $41.4 million, operating margins for 2013 increased to 12.8% from 12.7% in 2012 and EBITA margins for 2013 increased to 13.5% from 13.4% in 2012.
Net interest expense increased to $164.4 million in 2013 from $144.6 million in 2012. Interest expense increased $17.5 million to $197.2 million. The increase in interest expense in 2013 is primarily attributable to the issuance of our 3.625% Senior Notes due May 1, 2022, or the 2022 Notes, of which $750 million were issued in April 2012 and $500 million were issued in August 2012. Interest income decreased $2.3 million to $32.8 million in 2013.
Our effective tax rate increased to 34.0% in 2013 from 31.8% in 2012. Excluding the income tax effect of the merger expenses of $6.5 million, which reflects the estimated impact of the non-deductibility of a significant portion of the merger expenses, our effective tax rate for 2013 was 33.6%, which is consistent with our expected effective tax rate for 2013 and reflects the full year effect of the reduction in income tax expense resulting from the implementation of the legal reorganization in the Asia Pacific region, which occurred in the fourth quarter of 2012.
Net income - Omnicom Group Inc. decreased $7.2 million, or 0.7%, to $991.1 million in 2013 from $998.3 million in 2012. The year-over-year decrease in net income - Omnicom Group Inc. is due to the factors described above. Diluted net income per common share - Omnicom Group Inc. increased 2.8% to $3.71 in 2013, compared to $3.61 in 2012 due to the factors described above, as well as the impact of the reduction in our weighted average common shares outstanding. The reduction in our weighted average shares outstanding was the result of repurchases of our common stock, net of stock option exercises and shares issued under our employee stock purchase plan and shares issued upon conversion of our Convertible Notes due June 15, 2033, or 2033 Notes, and our Convertible Notes due July 1, 2038, or 2038 Notes. In connection with the pending merger with Publicis, beginning in the third quarter of 2013 we suspended repurchases of our common stock in the open market. Excluding the net effect of the merger expenses, net income - Omnicom Group Inc. for 2013 was $1,026.0 million and diluted net income per common share - Omnicom Group Inc. was $3.84.
See the Reconciliation of Results of Operations to 2013 Non-GAAP Financial Measures on page 16 for a description of the Non-GAAP Financial Measures discussed above.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The following summary of our critical accounting policies provides a better understanding of our financial statements and the related discussion in this MD&A. We believe that the following policies may involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity in their application and represent the critical accounting policies used in the preparation of our financial statements. Readers are encouraged to consider this summary together with our financial statements and the related notes, including Note 3, Significant Accounting Policies, for a more complete understanding of the critical accounting policies discussed below.
Estimates
Our financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP and require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses that are reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We use a fair value approach in testing goodwill for impairment and when evaluating our cost-method investments to determine if an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.
Acquisitions and Goodwill
We have made and expect to continue to make selective acquisitions. In making acquisitions, the valuation of potential acquisitions is based on various factors, including specialized know-how, reputation, competitive position, geographic coverage and service offerings of the target businesses, as well as our experience and judgment.
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method and, accordingly, the assets acquired, including identified intangible assets, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquired business are recorded at their acquisition date fair values. In circumstances where control is obtained and less than 100% of an entity is acquired, we record 100% of the goodwill acquired. Acquisition-related costs, including advisory, legal, accounting, valuation and other costs, are expensed as incurred. Certain of our acquisitions are structured with contingent purchase price obligations (earn-outs). Contingent purchase price obligations are recorded as liabilities at the acquisition date fair value. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the liabilities are recorded in our results of operations. The results of operations of acquired businesses are included in our results of operations from the acquisition date. In 2013, we completed 8 acquisitions of new subsidiaries and made additional investments in businesses in which we had an existing minority ownership interest. Goodwill increased $69.9 million in 2013, which included contingent purchase price payments (earn-outs) for acquisitions completed prior to January 1, 2009 of $14.5 million. Contingent purchase price obligations for acquisitions completed prior to January 1, 2009 are accrued, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, when the contingency is resolved and payment is certain.
Our acquisition strategy is focused on acquiring the expertise of an assembled workforce in order to continue to build upon the core capabilities of our various strategic business platforms and agency brands through the expansion of their geographic reach and/or their service capabilities to better serve our clients. Additional key factors we consider include the competitive position and specialized know-how of the acquisition targets. Accordingly, as is typical in most service businesses, a substantial portion of the intangible asset value we acquire is the know-how of the people, which is treated as part of goodwill and is not valued separately. For each acquisition, we undertake a detailed review to identify other intangible assets and a valuation is performed for all such identified assets. A significant portion of the identifiable intangible assets acquired is derived from customer relationships, including the related customer contracts, as well as trade names. In valuing these identified intangible assets, we typically use an income approach and consider comparable market participant measurements.
We evaluate goodwill for impairment at least annually at the end of the second quarter of the year and whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. We identified our regional reporting units as components of our operating segments, which are our five agency networks. The regional reporting units of each agency network are responsible for the agencies in their region. They report to the segment managers and facilitate the administrative and logistical requirements of our client-centric strategy for delivering services to clients in their regions. We have concluded that for each of our operating segments, their regional reporting units have similar economic characteristics and should be aggregated for purposes of testing goodwill for impairment at the operating segment level. Our conclusion was based on a detailed analysis of the aggregation criteria set forth in FASB ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, and the guidance set forth in FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. Consistent with our fundamental business strategy, the agencies within our regional reporting units serve similar clients in similar industries, and in many cases the same clients. In addition, the agencies within our regional reporting units have similar economic characteristics. The main economic components of each agency are employee compensation and related costs and direct service costs and office and general costs, which include rent and occupancy costs, technology costs that are generally limited to personal computers, servers and off-the-shelf software and other overhead expenses. Finally, the expected benefits of our acquisitions are typically shared across multiple agencies and regions as they work together to integrate the acquired agency into our client service strategy.
Goodwill Impairment Review - Estimates and Assumptions
We use the following valuation methodologies to determine the fair value of our reporting units: (1) the income approach, which utilizes discounted expected future cash flows, (2) comparative market participant multiples for EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) and (3) when available, consideration of recent and similar acquisition transactions.
In applying the income approach, we use estimates to derive the expected discounted cash flows (“DCF”) for each reporting unit that serves as the basis of our valuation. These estimates and assumptions include revenue growth and operating margin, EBITDA, tax rates, capital expenditures, weighted average cost of capital and related discount rates and expected long-term cash flow growth rates. All of these estimates and assumptions are affected by conditions specific to our businesses, economic conditions related to the industry we operate in, as well as conditions in the global economy. The assumptions that have the most significant effect on our valuations derived using a DCF methodology are: (1) the expected long-term growth rate of our reporting units' cash flows and (2) the weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”).
The range of assumptions for the long-term growth rate and WACC used in our evaluations as of June 30, 2013 and 2012 were:
June 30,
Long-Term Growth Rate
4%
4%
WACC
10.1% - 10.7%
10.3% - 10.9%
Long-term growth rate represents our estimate of the long-term growth rate for our industry and the markets of the global economy we operate in. The average historical revenue growth rate of our reporting units for the past ten years was approximately 6.8% and the Average Nominal GDP growth of the countries comprising our major markets that account for substantially all of our revenue was 4.3% over the same period. We considered this history when determining the long-term growth rates used in our annual impairment test at June 30, 2013. We believe marketing expenditures over the long term have a high correlation to GDP. We also believe, based on our historical performance, that our long-term growth rate will exceed Average Nominal GDP growth in the markets we operate in. For our annual test as of June 30, 2013, we used an estimated long-term growth rate of 4% for our reporting units.
When performing our annual impairment test as of June 30, 2013 and estimating the future cash flows of our reporting units, we considered the current macroeconomic environment, as well as industry and market specific conditions at mid-year 2013. In the first half of 2013, we experienced an increase in our revenue of 2.8%, which excludes growth from acquisitions and the impact from changes in foreign exchange rates. While economic conditions in the Euro Zone began to stabilize in the second half of 2013, the continuing fiscal issues faced by many countries in the European Union has caused economic difficulty in certain of our Euro Zone markets. We considered the effect of these conditions in our annual impairment test.
The WACC is comprised of: (1) a risk-free rate of return, (2) a business risk index ascribed to us and to companies in our industry comparable to our reporting units based on a market derived variable that measures the volatility of the share price of equity securities relative to the volatility of the overall equity market, (3) an equity risk premium that is based on the rate of return on equity of publicly traded companies with business characteristics comparable to our reporting units and (4) a current after-tax market rate of return on debt of companies with business characteristics similar to our reporting units, each weighted by the relative market value percentages of our equity and debt.
Our five reporting units vary in size with respect to revenue and the amount of debt allocated to them. These differences drive variations in fair value among our reporting units. In addition, these differences as well as differences in book value, including goodwill, cause variations in the amount by which fair value exceeds book value among the reporting units. The reporting unit goodwill balances and debt vary by reporting unit primarily because our three legacy agency networks were acquired at the formation of Omnicom and were accounted for as a pooling of interests that did not result in any additional debt or goodwill being recorded. The remaining two agency networks were built through a combination of internal growth and acquisitions that were accounted for using the acquisition method and as a result, they have a relatively higher amount of goodwill and debt.
Goodwill Impairment Review - Conclusion
Under U.S. GAAP, we have the option of either assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the carrying value of our reporting units exceeds their respective fair value or proceeding directly to Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test. Although not required, we performed Step 1 of the annual impairment test and compared the fair value of each of our reporting units to its respective carrying value, including goodwill. Based on the results of our impairment test, we concluded that our goodwill was not impaired at June 30, 2013, because the fair value of each of our reporting units was substantially in excess of their respective net book value. The minimum decline in fair value that one of our reporting units would need to experience in order to fail Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test was approximately 70%. Notwithstanding our belief that the assumptions we used in our impairment testing for our WACC and long-term growth rate are reasonable, we performed a sensitivity analysis for each of our reporting units. The results of this sensitivity analysis on our impairment test as of June 30, 2013 revealed that if WACC increased by 1% and/or long-term growth rate decreased by 1%, the fair value of each of our reporting units would continue to be substantially in excess of their respective net book values and would pass Step 1 of the impairment test.
We will continue to perform our impairment test at the end of the second quarter of each year unless events or circumstances trigger the need for an interim impairment test. The estimates used in our goodwill impairment test do not constitute forecasts or projections of future results of operations, but rather are estimates and assumptions based on historical results and assessments of macroeconomic factors affecting our reporting units. We believe that our estimates and assumptions are reasonable, but they are subject to change from period to period. Actual results of operations and other factors will likely differ from the estimates used in our discounted cash flow valuation and it is possible that differences could be material. A change in the estimates we use could result in a decline in the estimated fair value of one or more of our reporting units from the amounts derived as of our latest valuation and could cause us to fail Step 1 of our goodwill impairment test if the estimated fair value for the reporting unit is less than the carrying value of the net assets of the reporting unit, including its goodwill. A large decline in estimated fair value of a reporting unit could result in a non-cash impairment charge and may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
Subsequent to our annual impairment test at June 30, 2013, there were no events or circumstances that triggered the need for an interim impairment test. Additional information about acquisitions and goodwill appears in Notes 3, 5 and 6 to our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and applicable SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins. Substantially all of our revenue is derived from fees for services based on a rate per hour or equivalent basis. Revenue is realized when the service is performed in accordance with the client arrangement and upon the completion of the earnings process. Prior to recognizing revenue, persuasive evidence of an arrangement must exist, the sales price must be fixed or determinable, delivery, performance and acceptance must be in accordance with the client arrangement and collection must be reasonably assured. These principles are the foundation of our revenue recognition policy and apply to all client arrangements in each of our service disciplines: advertising, CRM, public relations and specialty communications. Certain of our businesses earn a portion of their revenue as commissions based upon performance in accordance with client arrangements. Because the services that we provide across each of our disciplines are similar and delivered to clients in similar ways, all of the key elements in revenue recognition apply to client arrangements in each of our four disciplines.
In the majority of our businesses, we act as an agent and record revenue equal to the net amount retained when the fee or commission is earned. Although we may bear credit risk with respect to these activities, the arrangements with our clients are such that we act as an agent on their behalf. In these cases, costs incurred with third-party suppliers are excluded from our revenue. In certain arrangements, we act as principal and we contract directly with third-party suppliers and media providers and production companies and we are responsible for payment. In these circumstances, revenue is recorded at the gross amount billed since revenue has been earned for the sale of goods or services.
Some of our client arrangements include performance incentive provisions designed to link a portion of our revenue to our performance relative to quantitative and qualitative goals. We recognize performance incentives in revenue when the specific quantitative goals are achieved, or when our performance against qualitative goals is determined by our clients.
Additional information about our revenue recognition policy appears in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.
Share-Based Compensation
Share-based compensation is measured at the grant date fair value based on the fair value of the award. We use the Black-Scholes option valuation model to determine the fair value of stock option awards. This valuation model uses several assumptions and estimates such as expected life, rate of risk free interest, volatility and dividend yield. If different assumptions and estimates were used to determine the fair value, our actual results of operations and cash flows would likely differ from the estimates used and it is possible that differences could be material. The fair value of restricted stock awards is determined using the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. Additional information about these assumptions and estimates appears in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.
Share-based compensation expense was $86.3 million, $80.8 million and $74.5 million, in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Information about our specific awards and stock plans can be found in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Additional information regarding new accounting guidance can be found in Note 20 to our consolidated financial statements. Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements provides a summary of our significant accounting policies.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - 2013 Compared to 2012 (in millions):
Revenue
$
14,584.5
$
14,219.4
Operating Expenses:
Salary and service costs
10,724.4
10,406.8
Office and general expenses
1,993.4
2,008.4
Merger expenses
41.4
-
Total Operating Expenses
12,759.2
12,415.2
Add back: Amortization of intangible assets
100.8
101.1
12,658.4
12,314.1
Earnings before interest, taxes and amortization of intangible assets (“EBITA”)
1,926.1
1,905.3
EBITA Margin - %
13.2
%
13.4
%
Deduct: Amortization of intangible assets
100.8
101.1
Operating Income
1,825.3
1,804.2
Operating Margin - %
12.5
%
12.7
%
Interest Expense
197.2
179.7
Interest Income
32.8
35.1
Income Before Income Taxes and Income (Loss) From Equity Method Investments
1,660.9
1,659.6
Income Tax Expense
565.2
527.1
Income (Loss) From Equity Method Investments
15.9
(15.0
)
Net Income
1,111.6
1,117.5
Net Income Attributed To Noncontrolling Interests
(120.5
)
(119.2
)
Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc.
$
991.1
$
998.3
EBITA, which we define as earnings before interest, taxes and amortization of intangible assets, and EBITA Margin, which we define as EBITA divided by Revenue, are Non-GAAP financial measures. We use EBITA and EBITA Margin as additional operating performance measures, which exclude the non-cash amortization expense of acquired intangible assets. The table above reconciles EBITA and EBITA Margin to the U.S. GAAP financial measure of Operating Income for the periods presented. We believe that EBITA and EBITA Margin are useful measures to evaluate the performance of our businesses. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from or as a substitute for financial information presented in compliance with U.S. GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures reported by us may not be comparable to similarly titled amounts reported by other companies.
Reconciliation of Results of Operations to 2013 Non-GAAP Financial Measures (in millions, except per share amounts):
The following table reconciles our reported results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 to the 2013 Non-GAAP financial measures presentation. Due to the size of the proposed merger with Publicis, we are providing Non-GAAP financial measures that exclude expenses, which are primarily comprised of professional fees, incurred in connection with the proposed merger.
As Reported
Merger Expenses
Non-GAAP
Financial
Measures
EBITA
$
1,926.1
$
41.4
$
1,967.5
Operating Income
$
1,825.3
$
41.4
$
1,866.7
Income Tax Expense
$
565.2
$
6.5
$
571.7
Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc.
$
991.1
$
34.9
$
1,026.0
Net income allocated to participating securities
(25.1
)
(0.9
)
(26.0
)
Net income available for common shares
$
966.0
$
34.0
$
1,000.0
Diluted Net Income per Common Share - Omnicom Group Inc.
$
3.71
$
0.13
$
3.84
We believe that investors should consider the 2013 Non-GAAP financial measures as they are indicative of our expected ongoing performance and reflect how management evaluates our operating results. These Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from or as a substitute for financial information presented in compliance with U.S. GAAP. These Non-GAAP financial measures reported by us may not be comparable to similarly titled amounts reported by other companies.
Revenue
In 2013 revenue increased $365.1 million, or 2.6%, to $14,584.5 million from $14,219.4 million in 2012. Organic growth increased revenue $501.1 million. Acquisitions, net of dispositions, reduced revenue $51.7 million and the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates reduced revenue $84.3 million.
The components of 2013 revenue change in the United States (“Domestic”) and the remainder of the world (“International”) were (in millions):
Total
Domestic
International
$
%
$
%
$
%
December 31, 2012
$
14,219.4
$
7,363.7
$
6,855.7
Components of revenue change:
Foreign exchange impact
(84.3
)
(0.6
)%
-
-
%
(84.3
)
(1.2
)%
Acquisitions, net of dispositions
(51.7
)
(0.3
)%
(63.8
)
(0.9
)%
12.1
0.1
%
Organic growth
501.1
3.5
%
269.8
3.7
%
231.3
3.4
%
December 31, 2013
$
14,584.5
2.6
%
$
7,569.7
2.8
%
$
7,014.8
2.3
%
The components and percentages are calculated as follows:
•
The foreign exchange impact is calculated by first converting the current period’s local currency revenue using the average exchange rates from the equivalent prior period to arrive at a constant currency revenue (in this case $14,668.8 million for the Total column). The foreign exchange impact equals the difference between the current period revenue in U.S. dollars and the current period revenue in constant currency ($14,584.5 million less $14,668.8 million for the Total column).
•
The acquisition component is calculated by aggregating the applicable prior period revenue of the acquired businesses, less revenue of any business included in the prior period revenue that was disposed of subsequent to the period.
•
Organic growth is calculated by subtracting both the foreign exchange and acquisition components from total revenue growth.
•
The percentage change is calculated by dividing the individual component amount by the prior period revenue base of that component ($14,219.4 million for the Total column).
In 2013, changes in foreign exchange rates reduced revenue by 0.6%, or $84.3 million, compared to 2012. The most significant impacts resulted from the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against the Japanese Yen, Australian Dollar, Brazilian Real, British Pound, Canadian Dollar and South African Rand, partially offset by the weakening of the U.S. Dollar against the Euro.
Assuming exchange rates at January 31, 2014 remain unchanged, we expect changes in foreign exchange rates to have a marginally negative impact on 2014 revenue.
Revenue for 2013 and the percentage change in revenue and organic growth from 2012 in our primary geographic markets were (in millions):
$
% Change
% Organic Growth
United States
$
7,569.7
2.8
%
3.7
%
Euro Markets
2,333.7
0.9
%
(2.2
)%
United Kingdom
1,332.8
6.2
%
6.6
%
Rest of the world
3,348.3
1.8
%
6.0
%
$
14,584.5
2.6
%
3.5
%
Revenue for 2013 and the percentage change in revenue and organic growth from 2012 in our principal regional markets were (in millions):
$
% Change
% Organic Growth
Americas:
North America
$
8,159.7
2.7
%
3.7
%
Latin America
437.4
1.4
%
9.2
%
EMEA:
Europe
4,168.5
3.0
%
1.4
%
Middle East and Africa
238.9
(0.2
)%
5.3
%
Asia Pacific
1,580.0
1.4
%
6.1
%
$
14,584.5
2.6
%
3.5
%
In the normal course of business, our agencies both gain and lose business from clients each year due to a variety of factors. The net change in 2013 was an overall gain in new business. Under our client-centric approach, we seek to broaden our relationships with all of our clients. Our largest client represented 2.7% and 2.6% of revenue in 2013 and 2012, respectively, and no other client represented more than 2.5% and 2.6% of revenue in 2013 and 2012, respectively. Our ten largest and 100 largest clients represented 19.1% and 51.3% of revenue in 2013, respectively and 19.0% and 51.7% of revenue in 2012, respectively.
Driven by our clients’ continuous demand for more effective and efficient marketing activities, we strive to provide an extensive range of advertising, marketing and corporate communications services through various client-centric networks that are organized to meet specific client objectives. These services include advertising, brand consultancy, corporate social responsibility consulting, crisis communications, custom publishing, data analytics, database management, direct marketing, entertainment marketing, environmental design, experiential marketing, field marketing, financial/corporate business-to-business advertising, interactive marketing, marketing research, media planning and buying, mobile marketing, multi-cultural marketing, non-profit marketing, public affairs, public relations, reputation consulting, retail marketing, search engine marketing, social media marketing and sports and event marketing. In an effort to monitor the changing needs of our clients and to further expand the scope of our services to key clients, we monitor revenue across a broad range of disciplines and group them into the following four categories: advertising, CRM, public relations and specialty communications.
Revenue for 2013 and 2012 and the percentage change in revenue and organic growth from 2012 by discipline was (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
2013 vs. 2012
$
% of
Revenue
$
% of
Revenue
$
Change
%
Change
% Organic Growth
Advertising
$
7,048.3
48.3
%
$
6,805.0
47.9
%
$
243.3
3.6
%
4.8
%
CRM
5,144.0
35.3
%
5,080.3
35.7
%
63.7
1.3
%
2.1
%
Public relations
1,327.8
9.1
%
1,290.8
9.1
%
37.0
2.9
%
1.5
%
Specialty communications
1,064.4
7.3
%
1,043.3
7.3
%
21.1
2.0
%
4.8
%
$
14,584.5
$
14,219.4
$
365.1
2.6
%
3.5
%
We operate in a number of industry sectors. The percentage of our revenue by industry sector for 2013 and 2012 was:
Industry
Food and Beverage
13.5
%
13.3
%
Consumer Products
9.9
%
9.4
%
Pharmaceuticals and Health Care
9.9
%
9.7
%
Financial Services
7.4
%
7.9
%
Technology
9.2
%
8.9
%
Auto
8.1
%
8.5
%
Travel and Entertainment
6.3
%
6.0
%
Telecommunications
6.4
%
6.4
%
Retail
7.1
%
6.8
%
Other
22.2
%
23.1
%
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for 2013 compared to 2012 were (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
2013 vs. 2012
$
% of
Revenue
% of Total
Operating
Expenses
$
% of
Revenue
% of Total
Operating
Expenses
$
Change
%
Change
Revenue
$
14,584.5
$
14,219.4
$
365.1
2.6
%
Operating Expenses:
Salary and service costs
10,724.4
73.5
%
84.1
%
10,406.8
73.2
%
83.8
%
317.6
3.1
%
Office and general expenses
1,993.4
13.7
%
15.6
%
2,008.4
14.1
%
16.2
%
(15.0
)
(0.7
)%
Merger expenses
41.4
0.3
%
0.3
%
-
-
%
-
%
41.4
-
%
Operating Expenses
12,759.2
87.5
%
12,415.2
87.3
%
344.0
2.8
%
Operating Income
$
1,825.3
12.5
%
$
1,804.2
12.7
%
$
21.1
1.2
%
Salary and service costs tend to fluctuate in conjunction with changes in revenue. Salary and service costs increased 3.1% in 2013 compared to 2012, reflecting growth in revenue and an increase in employee compensation, including incentive compensation and severance, as well as increases related to changes in the mix of our business during the year.
Office and general expenses are less directly linked to changes in our revenue than salary and service costs. Office and general expenses decreased 0.7% in 2013 compared to 2012, reflecting our continuing efforts to control the cost structures of our agencies.
In the second half of 2013 we incurred $41.4 million of expenses in connection with the pending merger with Publicis, which are primarily comprised of professional fees. The merger expenses are shown as a separate component of operating expenses and we expect to incur additional merger expenses in 2014.
Operating margins decreased to 12.5% in 2013 from 12.7% in 2012 and EBITA margins decreased to 13.2% in 2013 from 13.4% in 2012. Excluding the merger expenses of $41.4 million, operating margins for 2013 increased to 12.8% from 12.7% in 2012 and EBITA margins for 2013 increased to 13.5% from 13.4% in 2012
Net Interest Expense
Net interest expense increased to $164.4 million in 2013 from $144.6 million in 2012. Interest expense increased $17.5 million to $197.2 million. The increase in interest expense is primarily attributable to the issuance of $750 million of our 2022 Notes in April 2012 and $500 million of our 2022 Notes in August 2012. Interest income decreased $2.3 million to $32.8 million in 2013.
Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate increased to 34.0% in 2013 from 31.8% in 2012. Excluding the income tax effect of the merger expenses of $6.5 million, which reflects the estimated impact of the non-deductibility of a significant portion of the merger expenses, our effective tax rate for 2013 was 33.6%, which is consistent with our expected effective tax rate for 2013 and reflects the full year effect of the reduction in income tax expense resulting from the implementation of the legal reorganization in the Asia Pacific region, which occurred in the fourth quarter of 2012.
Income (Loss) From Equity Method Investments
Income (loss) from equity method investments increased $30.9 million to $15.9 million in 2013 compared to a loss of $15.0 million in 2012, primarily resulting from a net impairment charge of $29.2 million recorded in 2012 for an other-than-temporary decline in the carrying value of our equity investment in Egypt.
Net Income Per Common Share - Omnicom Group Inc.
Net income - Omnicom Group Inc. decreased $7.2 million, or 0.7%, to $991.1 million in 2013 from $998.3 million in 2012. The year-over-year decrease in net income - Omnicom Group Inc. is due to the factors described above. Diluted net income per common share - Omnicom Group Inc. increased 2.8% to $3.71 in 2013, compared to $3.61 in 2012 due to the factors described above, as well as the slight reduction in our weighted average common shares outstanding. The reduction in our weighted average common shares outstanding was the result of repurchases of our common stock through the second quarter of 2013, net of stock option exercises, shares issued under our employee stock purchase plan and shares issued upon the conversion of our 2033 Notes and 2038 Notes. In connection with the pending merger with Publicis, beginning in the third quarter of 2013 we suspended repurchases of our common stock in the open market. Excluding the net effect of the merger expenses, net income - Omnicom Group Inc. for 2013 was $1,026.0 million and diluted net income per common share - Omnicom Group Inc. was $3.84.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - 2012 Compared to 2011 (in millions):
Revenue
$
14,219.4
$
13,872.5
Operating Expenses:
Salary and service costs
10,406.8
10,276.9
Office and general expenses
2,008.4
1,924.5
Total Operating Expenses
12,415.2
12,201.4
Add back: Amortization of intangible assets
101.1
91.4
12,314.1
12,110.0
Earnings before interest, taxes and amortization of intangible assets (“EBITA”)
1,905.3
1,762.5
EBITA Margin - %
13.4
%
12.7
%
Deduct: Amortization of intangible assets
101.1
91.4
Operating Income
1,804.2
1,671.1
Operating Margin - %
12.7
%
12.0
%
Interest Expense
179.7
158.1
Interest Income
35.1
36.0
Income Before Income Taxes and Income (Loss) From Equity Method Investments.
1,659.6
1,549.0
Income Tax Expense
527.1
505.8
Income (Loss) From Equity Method Investments
(15.0
)
17.2
Net Income
1,117.5
1,060.4
Net Income Attributed To Noncontrolling Interests
(119.2
)
(107.8
)
Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc.
$
998.3
$
952.6
EBITA, which we define as earnings before interest, taxes and amortization of intangible assets, and EBITA Margin, which we define as EBITA divided by Revenue, are Non-GAAP financial measures. We use EBITA and EBITA Margin as additional operating performance measures, which exclude the non-cash amortization expense of acquired intangible assets. The table above reconciles EBITA and EBITA Margin to the U.S. GAAP financial measure of Operating Income for the periods presented. We believe that EBITA and EBITA Margin are useful measures to evaluate the performance of our businesses. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from or as a substitute for financial information presented in compliance with U.S. GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures reported by us may not be comparable to similarly titled amounts reported by other companies.
Revenue
Revenue in 2012 increased 2.5% to $14,219.4 million from $13,872.5 million in 2011. Organic growth increased revenue by $561.9 million and acquisitions, net of dispositions, increased revenue by $95.0 million. Changes in foreign exchange rates reduced revenue by $310.0 million.
The components of 2012 revenue change in the United States (“Domestic”) and the remainder of the world (“International”) were (in millions):
Total
Domestic
International
$
%
$
%
$
%
December 31, 2011
$
13,872.5
$
7,048.7
$
6,823.8
Components of revenue change:
Foreign exchange impact
(310.0
)
(2.2
)%
-
-
%
(310.0
)
(4.5
)%
Acquisitions, net of dispositions
95.0
0.7
%
(2.8
)
-
%
97.8
1.4
%
Organic growth
561.9
4.0
%
317.8
4.5
%
244.1
3.6
%
December 31, 2012
$
14,219.4
2.5
%
$
7,363.7
4.5
%
$
6,855.7
0.5
%
The components and percentages are calculated as follows:
•
The foreign exchange impact is calculated by first converting the current period’s local currency revenue using the average exchange rates from the equivalent prior period to arrive at a constant currency revenue (in this case $14,529.4 million for the Total column). The foreign exchange impact equals the difference between the current period revenue in U.S. Dollars and the current period revenue in constant currency ($14,219.4 million less $14,529.4 million for the Total column).
•
The acquisition component is calculated by aggregating the applicable prior period revenue of the acquired businesses, less revenue of any business included in the prior period revenue that was disposed of subsequent to the prior period.
•
Organic growth is calculated by subtracting both the foreign exchange and acquisition components from total revenue growth.
•
The percentage change is calculated by dividing the individual component amount by the prior period revenue base of that component ($13,872.5 million for the Total column).
In 2012, changes in foreign exchange rates reduced revenue by 2.2%, or $310.0 million, compared to 2011. The most significant impacts resulted from the weakening of the U.S. Dollar against the Euro, Brazilian Real and British Pound.
Revenue in 2012 and the percentage change in revenue and organic growth from 2011 in our primary geographic markets were (in millions):
$
% Change
% Organic Growth
United States
$
7,363.7
4.5
%
4.5
%
Euro Markets
2,311.9
(10.4
)%
(1.8
)%
United Kingdom
1,255.1
2.3
%
1.5
%
Rest of the world
3,288.7
9.0
%
9.0
%
$
14,219.4
2.5
%
4.0
%
Revenue for 2012 and the percentage change in revenue and organic growth from 2011 in our principal regional markets were (in millions):
$
% Change
% Organic Growth
Americas:
North America
$
7,944.7
5.0
%
5.1
%
Latin America
431.2
(4.8
)%
6.6
%
EMEA:
Europe
4,045.6
(4.7
)%
0.3
%
Middle East and Africa
239.3
(2.0
)%
1.4
%
Asia Pacific
1,558.6
14.3
%
9.4
%
$
14,219.4
2.5
%
4.0
%
In the normal course of business, our agencies both gain and lose business from clients each year due to a variety of factors. The net result in 2012 was an overall gain in new business. Under our client-centric approach, we seek to broaden our relationships with our largest clients. Revenue from our largest client represented 2.6% of our revenue in each of 2012 and 2011, respectively. No other client represented more than 2.6% of our revenue in 2012 or more than 2.1% of our revenue in 2011. Our ten largest and 100 largest clients represented 19.0% and 51.7% of 2012 revenue, respectively, and 18.0% and 50.3% of 2011 revenue, respectively.
Revenue for 2012 and 2011 and the percentage change in revenue and organic growth from 2011 by discipline was (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
2012 vs. 2011
$
% of
Revenue
$
% of
Revenue
$
Change
%
Change
% Organic Growth
Advertising
$
6,805.0
47.9
%
$
6,523.9
47.0
%
$
281.1
4.3
%
6.3
%
CRM
5,080.3
35.7
%
5,052.9
36.4
%
27.4
0.5
%
2.7
%
Public relations
1,290.8
9.1
%
1,230.3
8.9
%
60.5
4.9
%
3.3
%
Specialty communications
1,043.3
7.3
%
1,065.4
7.7
%
(22.1
)
(2.1
)%
(2.3
)%
$
14,219.4
$
13,872.5
$
346.9
2.5
%
4.0
%
We operate in a number of industry sectors. The percentage of our revenue by industry sector for 2012 and 2011 was:
Industry
Food and Beverage
13.3
%
13.6
%
Consumer Products
9.4
%
9.3
%
Pharmaceuticals and Health Care
9.7
%
10.1
%
Financial Services
7.9
%
9.5
%
Technology
8.9
%
8.7
%
Auto
8.5
%
7.5
%
Travel and Entertainment
6.0
%
5.9
%
Telecommunications
6.4
%
7.1
%
Retail
6.8
%
6.6
%
Other
23.1
%
21.7
%
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for 2012 compared to 2011 were (in millions):
Year Ended December 31,
2012 vs. 2011
$
% of
Revenue
% of Total
Operating
Expenses
$
% of
Revenue
% of Total
Operating
Expenses
$
Change
%
Change
Revenue
$
14,219.4
$
13,872.5
$
346.9
2.5
%
Operating Expenses:
Salary and service costs
10,406.8
73.2
%
83.8
%
10,276.9
74.1
%
84.2
%
129.9
1.3
%
Office and general expenses
2,008.4
14.1
%
16.2
%
1,924.5
13.9
%
15.8
%
83.9
4.4
%
Operating Expenses
12,415.2
87.3
%
12,201.4
88.0
%
213.8
1.8
%
Operating Income
$
1,804.2
12.7
%
$
1,671.1
12.0
%
$
133.1
8.0
%
Repositioning Actions and Remeasurement Gain
In 2011, we recorded $131.3 million of charges related to our repositioning actions. Additionally, in the first quarter of 2011 we recorded a $123.4 million remeasurement gain related to the acquisition of the controlling interest in the Clemenger Group, our affiliate in Australia and New Zealand.
The impact on operating expenses of these transactions for the year ended December 31, 2011 was (in millions):
Increase (Decrease)
Repositioning
Actions
Remeasurement
Gain
Salary and service costs
$
92.8
-
Office and general expenses
38.5
$
(123.4
)
$
131.3
$
(123.4
)
Operating Expenses
Salary and services costs tend to fluctuate in conjunction with changes in revenue. Salary and service costs increased 1.3% in 2012 compared to 2011. Salary and service costs for 2011 reflects $92.8 million of charges related to our repositioning actions. The increase in 2012 costs resulted from growth in our business, as well as increased use of freelance labor, partially offset by lower compensation costs, including incentive compensation primarily as a result of the repositioning actions taken in 2011 and tight controls restricting the frequency of salary increases. Excluding the $92.8 million of severance charges taken in 2011, salary and service costs as a percentage of revenue in 2012 would have been flat as compared to 2011.
Office and general expenses are less directly linked to changes in our revenue than salary and service costs. Office and general expenses increased 4.4% in 2012 compared to 2011, reflecting a decrease of $123.4 million related to the non-cash remeasurement gain recorded in connection with the acquisition of the controlling interest in the Clemenger Group in 2011, partially offset by $38.5 million of charges related to our repositioning actions in the first quarter of 2011. Excluding the $84.9 million net decrease, office and general expenses in 2012 would have been flat as compared to 2011.
Operating margins increased to 12.7% in 2012 from 12.0% in 2011 and EBITA margins increased to 13.4% in 2012 from 12.7% in 2011. Excluding the $131.3 million attributable to our repositioning actions and the $123.4 million remeasurement gain, operating margin and EBITA margin for 2011 would have been 12.1% and 12.8%, respectively. The year-over-year margin improvement was driven by our revenue growth, as well as lower operating costs resulting from the actions taken in 2011 to improve our operations, rebalance our workforce and drive efficiencies in our back office functions.
Net Interest Expense
Net interest expense increased to $144.6 million in 2012 from to $122.1 million in 2011. Interest expense increased $21.6 million to $179.7 million. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to increased interest expense resulting from the issuance of our 2022 Notes in 2012. The increase in interest expense was partially offset by lower commercial paper issuances in 2012. Interest income decreased $0.9 million to $35.1 million in 2012.
Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate for 2012 decreased to 31.8% from 32.7% for 2011. In the fourth quarter of 2012, income tax expense was reduced by $53 million, primarily resulting from a reduction in the deferred tax liabilities for unremitted foreign earnings of certain of our operating companies located in the Asia Pacific region, as well as lower statutory tax rates in other foreign jurisdictions. In an effort to support our continued expansion and pursue operational efficiencies in the Asia Pacific region, we completed a legal reorganization in certain countries within the region. As a result of the reorganization, our unremitted foreign earnings in the affected countries are subject to lower effective tax rates as compared to the U.S. statutory tax rate. Therefore we recorded a reduction in our deferred tax liabilities to reflect the lower tax rate that these earnings are subject to. In future periods we expect an ongoing annual reduction in income tax expense of approximately $11 million. The reduction in income tax expense was partially offset by a charge of approximately $16 million resulting from U.S. state and local tax accruals recorded for uncertain tax positions, net of U.S. federal income tax benefit.
Income tax expense for 2011 reflects a $39.5 million tax benefit related to charges incurred in connection with our repositioning actions, a provision of $2.8 million related to the remeasurement gain and a provision of $9.0 million for agreed upon adjustments to income tax returns that were under examination in 2011. Excluding these items, our effective tax rate for 2011 would have been 34.3%.
Income (Loss) From Equity Method Investments
Income (loss) from equity method investments decreased $32.2 million to a loss of $15.0 million in 2012 compared to income of $17.2 million in 2011, primarily resulting from a net impairment charge of $29.2 million recorded in 2012 for an other-than-temporary decline in the carrying value of our equity investment in Egypt.
Net Income Per Common Share - Omnicom Group Inc.
Net income - Omnicom Group Inc. increased $45.7 million, or 4.8%, to $998.3 million in 2012 from $952.6 million in 2011. The year-over-year increase in net income - Omnicom Group Inc. is due to the factors described above. Diluted net income per common share - Omnicom Group Inc. increased 8.4% to $3.61 in 2012, as compared to $3.33 in 2011 due to the factors described above, as well as the impact of the reduction in our weighted average common shares outstanding. This reduction was the result of repurchases of our common stock, net of stock option exercises and shares issued under our employee stock purchase plan.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Sources and Requirements
Historically, the majority of our non-discretionary cash requirements have been funded from operating cash flow and cash on hand. Working capital is our principal non-discretionary funding requirement. In addition, we have contractual obligations related to our Senior Notes and 2032 Notes, our recurring business operations, primarily related to lease obligations, as well as contingent purchase price obligations (earn-outs) for acquisitions made in prior years.
Our principal discretionary cash uses include dividend payments, capital expenditures, payments for strategic acquisitions and repurchases of our common stock. In connection with the pending merger with Publicis, beginning in the third quarter of 2013 we suspended repurchases of our common stock in the open market. Our discretionary spending is funded from operating cash flow and cash on hand. In addition, depending on the level of our discretionary activity and conditions in the capital markets, we may use other available sources of funding, such as issuing commercial paper, borrowing under our Credit Agreement or other long-term borrowings, to finance these activities. We expect that we should be able to fund both our non-discretionary cash requirements and our discretionary spending for 2014 without incurring additional long-term debt. However, we may access the capital markets at any time if favorable conditions exist.
We have a seasonal cash requirement normally peaking during the second quarter primarily due to the timing of payments for incentive compensation, income taxes and contingent purchase price obligations. This typically results in a net borrowing requirement that decreases over the course of the year.
At December 31, 2013, our cash and cash equivalents increased by $32.2 million from December 31, 2012. The components of the increase for 2013 are (in millions):
Sources
Cash flow from operations
$
1,809.0
Less change in operating capital
351.3
Principal cash sources
1,457.7
Uses
Capital expenditures
$
(212.0
)
Dividends paid
(318.4
)
Dividends paid to shareholders of noncontrolling interests
(100.6
)
Acquisition payments of $32.8, net of cash acquired, plus contingent purchase price obligations of $70.5 and acquisition of additional shares of noncontrolling interests of $8.9 less net proceeds from sale of investments of $16.6
(95.6
)
Repurchases of common stock of $575.3, net of proceeds from stock option exercises and stock sold to our employee stock purchase plan of $52.3 and tax benefits of $37.8
(485.2
)
Principal cash uses
(1,211.8
)
Principal cash sources in excess of principal cash uses
245.9
Foreign exchange rate changes
(128.8
)
Financing activities and other
(436.2
)
Add back change in operating capital
351.3
Increase in cash and cash equivalents
$
32.2
Principal Cash Sources and Principal Cash Uses amounts are Non-GAAP financial measures. These amounts exclude changes in working capital and other investing and financing activities, including commercial paper issuances and redemptions used to fund working capital changes. This presentation reflects the metrics used by us to assess our sources and uses of cash and was derived from our statement of cash flows. We believe that this presentation is meaningful for understanding the primary sources and primary uses of our cash flow. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information presented in compliance with U.S. GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures as reported by us may not be comparable to similarly titled amounts reported by other companies. Additional information regarding our cash flows can be found in our consolidated financial statements.
Cash Management
We manage our cash and liquidity centrally through our regional treasury centers in North America, Europe and Asia. The treasury centers are managed by our wholly-owned finance subsidiaries. Each day, operations with excess funds invest these funds with their regional treasury center. Likewise, operations that require funds borrow from their regional treasury center. The treasury centers aggregate the net position which is either invested with or borrowed from third parties. To the extent that our treasury centers require liquidity, they have the ability to access local currency uncommitted lines of credit, the Credit Agreement or issue up to a total of $1.5 billion of U.S. Dollar-denominated commercial paper. This process enables us to manage our debt balances more efficiently and utilize our cash more effectively, as well as better manage our risk to foreign exchange rate changes. In countries where we either do not conduct treasury operations or it is not feasible for one of our treasury centers to fund net borrowing requirements on an intercompany basis, we arrange for local currency uncommitted lines of credit.
Our cash and cash equivalents increased $32.2 million and our short-term investments decreased $2.4 million from December 31, 2012. Short-term investments principally consist of time deposits with financial institutions that we expect to convert into cash within our current operating cycle, generally one year.
At December 31, 2013 our total cash and cash equivalents were $2.7 billion, of which our foreign subsidiaries held approximately $2.3 billion. The majority of the cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries is available to us, net of any taxes payable upon repatriation to the United States. Changes in international tax rules or changes in U.S. tax rules and regulations covering international operations and foreign tax credits may affect our future reported financial results or the way we conduct our business.
We have policies governing counterparty credit risk with financial institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents and we have deposit limits for each financial institution. In countries where we conduct treasury operations, generally the counterparties are either branches or subsidiaries of the financial institutions that are party to our Credit Agreement. These financial institutions generally have credit ratings equal to or better than our credit ratings. In countries where we do not conduct treasury operations, we ensure that all cash and cash equivalents are held by counterparties that meet specific minimum credit standards.
Our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments increased $29.8 million from the prior year end. Our net debt position at December 31, 2013, which we define as total debt outstanding less cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, decreased $445.4 million as compared to December 31, 2012 as follows (in millions):
Debt:
Short-term borrowings, due in less than one year
$
5.9
$
6.4
5.90% Senior Notes due April 15, 2016
1,000.0
1,000.0
6.25% Senior Notes due July 15, 2019
500.0
500.0
4.45% Senior Notes due August 15, 2020
1,000.0
1,000.0
3.625% Senior Notes due May 1, 2022
1,250.0
1,250.0
Convertible Notes due July 31, 2032
252.7
252.7
Convertible Notes due June 15, 2033
-
0.1
Convertible Notes due July 1, 2038
-
406.6
Other debt
0.5
0.4
Unamortized premium (discount) on Senior Notes, net
14.7
16.0
Deferred gain from termination of interest rate swaps on Senior Notes due 2016
15.9
23.1
Total debt
4,039.7
4,455.3
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments
2,728.7
2,698.9
Net debt
$
1,311.0
$
1,756.4
Net Debt, which we define as total debt less cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments as reconciled above, is a Non-GAAP financial measure. This presentation, together with the comparable U.S. GAAP measures, reflects one of the key metrics used by us to assess our cash management performance. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information presented in compliance with US GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures as reported by us may not be comparable to similarly titled amounts reported by other companies.
On May 16, 2013, we called our 2033 Notes and our 2038 Notes for redemption on June 17, 2013 at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount. As provided in the indenture governing the 2033 Notes and the 2038 Notes, prior to redemption the noteholders had the right to convert their 2033 Notes and 2038 Notes into shares of our common stock at a conversion rate of 19.4174 shares per $1,000 principal amount at any time prior to June 13, 2013. Substantially all the noteholders exercised their conversion right. We paid $406.1 million in cash representing the principal amount of the 2033 Notes and 2038 Notes that were converted and issued 1,499,792 shares of our common stock to satisfy the conversion premium. On June 17, 2013, we paid $0.6 million to redeem the remaining 2033 Notes and 2038 Notes that were not converted.
Debt Instruments and Related Covenants
We have committed and uncommitted lines of credit. Our $2.5 billion Credit Agreement expires on October 12, 2016. We have the ability to classify borrowings under the Credit Agreement as long-term. The Credit Agreement provides support for up to $1.5 billion of commercial paper issuances and such issuances reduce the amount available under the Credit Agreement.
Depending on market conditions at the time, we typically fund our day-to-day liquidity by issuing commercial paper, borrowing under our uncommitted lines of credit or borrowing under our Credit Agreement. At December 31, 2013, there were no outstanding commercial paper issuances or borrowings under the Credit Agreement.
Commercial paper activity for the three years ended December 31, 2013 was (dollars in millions):
Average amount outstanding during the year
$
471.7
$
288.5
$
626.5
Maximum amount outstanding during the year
$
1,027.5
$
837.2
$
1,132.9
Total issuances during the year
$
11,786.9
$
13,935.1
$
22,843.9
Average days outstanding
14.6
7.6
10.0
Weighted average interest rate
0.33
%
0.41
%
0.36
%
At December 31, 2013, short-term borrowings of $5.9 million represent bank overdrafts and lines of credit of our international subsidiaries. These bank overdrafts and lines of credit are treated as unsecured loans pursuant to the agreements supporting the facilities.
The Credit Agreement contains financial covenants that require us to maintain a Leverage Ratio of consolidated indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA to no more than 3 times for the most recently ended 12-month period (under the Credit Agreement, EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) and an Interest Coverage Ratio of consolidated EBITDA to interest expense of at least 5 times for the most recently ended 12-month period. At December 31, 2013 we were in compliance with these covenants, as our Leverage Ratio was 1.9 times and our Interest Coverage Ratio was 10.7 times. The Credit Agreement does not limit our ability to declare or pay dividends.
S&P rates our long-term debt BBB+ and Moody’s rates our long-term debt Baa1. Our short-term debt credit ratings are A2 and P2 by the respective rating agencies. Our outstanding Senior Notes, 2032 Notes and Credit Agreement do not contain provisions that require acceleration of cash payments should our debt credit ratings be downgraded. However, the interest rates and fees on the Credit Agreement will increase if our long-term debt credit ratings are lowered. Our 2032 Notes would become convertible into shares of our common stock if the credit ratings assigned to the 2032 Notes are downgraded to BBB or lower by S&P or Baa3 or lower by Moody’s.
Omnicom Capital Inc., or OCI, our wholly-owned finance subsidiary, together with us, is a co-obligor under our Senior Notes and our 2032 Notes. Our Senior Notes and 2032 Notes are a joint and several liability of us and OCI and we unconditionally guarantee OCI’s obligations with respect to the Senior Notes and the 2032 Notes. OCI provides funding for our operations by incurring debt and lending the proceeds to our operating subsidiaries. OCI’s assets consist of cash and cash equivalents and intercompany loans made to our operating subsidiaries and the related interest receivable. There are no restrictions on the ability of OCI or us to obtain funds from our subsidiaries through dividends, loans or advances. Our Senior Notes and 2032 Notes are senior unsecured obligations that rank in equal right of payment with all existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness.
At December 31, 2013, the carrying value of our debt and the amount available under the Credit Agreement were (in millions):
Debt
Available Credit
Short-term borrowings, due in less than one year
$
5.9
$
-
Commercial Paper issuances
-
-
Borrowings under the Credit Agreement
-
2,500.0
5.90% Senior Notes due April 15, 2016
1,000.0
-
6.25% Senior Notes due July 15, 2019
500.0
-
4.45% Senior Notes due August 15, 2020
1,000.0
-
3.625% Senior Notes due May 1, 2022
1,250.0
-
Convertible Notes due July 31, 2032
252.7
-
Other debt
0.5
-
4,009.1
2,500.0
Unamortized premium (discount) on Senior Notes, net
14.7
-
Deferred gain from termination of interest rate swaps on Senior Notes due 2016
15.9
-
$
4,039.7
$
2,500.0
Credit Markets and Availability of Credit
We will continue to take actions available to us to respond to changing economic conditions and actively manage our discretionary expenditures and we will continue to monitor and manage the level of credit made available to our clients. We believe that these actions, in addition to operating cash flow and the availability of our Credit Agreement, are sufficient to fund our working capital needs and our discretionary spending.
In funding our day-to-day liquidity, we have historically been a participant in the commercial paper market. We expect to continue funding our day-to-day liquidity through the commercial paper market. However, prior disruptions in the credit markets led to periods of illiquidity in the commercial paper market and higher credit spreads. During these periods of disruption, we used our uncommitted lines of credit and borrowed under our Credit Agreement to mitigate these conditions and to fund our day-to-day liquidity. We will continue to closely monitor our liquidity and the credit markets. We cannot predict with any certainty the impact on us of any future disruptions in the credit markets.
Contractual Obligations and Other Commercial Commitments
We enter into numerous contractual and commercial undertakings in the normal course of business. The following tables should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements.
Contractual obligations at December 31, 2013 were (in millions):
Obligation Due
Total
Obligation
2015 - 2016
2017 - 2018
After 2018
Long-term notes payable:
Principal
$
3,750.5
$
0.4
$
1,000.1
$
-
$
2,750.0
Interest
980.8
180.1
318.3
242.1
240.3
Convertible Notes
252.7
-
252.7
-
-
Lease obligations
1,438.9
394.6
482.7
256.3
305.3
Deferred tax liability - retired convertible debt
329.0
66.0
132.0
131.0
-
Contingent purchase price obligations
220.2
74.5
103.6
35.4
6.7
Defined benefit pension plans benefit obligation
185.7
4.6
13.1
14.3
153.7
Postemployment arrangements benefit obligation
104.2
9.3
18.0
14.1
62.8
Uncertain tax positions
137.8
1.9
46.0
85.7
4.2
$
7,399.8
$
731.4
$
2,366.5
$
778.9
$
3,523.0
Contractual commitments at December 31, 2013 were (in millions):
Commitment Expires
Total
Commitment
2015 - 2016
2017 - 2018
After 2018
Standby letters of credit
$
7.9
$
3.2
$
3.6
$
1.0
$
0.1
Guarantees
93.5
69.9
17.8
3.1
2.7
$
101.4
$
73.1
$
21.4
$
4.1
$
2.8
On July 31, 2014, our 2032 Notes may be put back to us for cash and we have the right to redeem the 2032 Notes at any time on or after July 31, 2014. At December 31, 2013, the 2032 Notes are potentially convertible into 18.313 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount, subject to normal anti-dilution adjustments. If the put right is exercised, $252.7 million could be due in 2014. At December 31, 2013, we classified our 2032 Notes as long-term in our balance sheet because our Credit Agreement does not expire until October 2016 and it is our intention to fund any repurchase with the Credit Agreement.
Consistent with our acquisition strategy and past practice, certain of our acquisitions include an initial payment at closing and provide for future additional contingent purchase price payments (earn-outs). We use contingent purchase price structures in an effort to minimize the risk to us associated with potential future negative changes in the performance of the acquired business during the post-acquisition transition period. Contingent purchase price obligations are recorded as liabilities at the acquisition date fair value. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the liability are recorded in our results of operations.
The unfunded benefit obligation for our defined benefit pension plans and liability for our postemployment arrangements was $217.7 million at December 31, 2013. In 2013, we contributed $5.5 million to our defined benefit pension plans and paid $13.4 million in benefits for our postemployment arrangements. We do not expect these payments to increase significantly in 2014.
The liability for uncertain tax positions is subject to uncertainty as to when or if the liability will be paid. We have assigned the liability to the periods presented based on our judgment as to when these liabilities will be resolved by the appropriate taxing authorities.
In the normal course of business, our agencies enter into contractual commitments with media providers and production companies on behalf of our clients at levels that can substantially exceed the revenue from our services. These commitments are included in accounts payable when the services are delivered by the media providers or production companies. If permitted by local law and the client agreement, many of our agencies purchase media and production services for our clients as an agent for a disclosed principal. In addition, while operating practices vary by country, media type and media vendor, in the United States and certain foreign markets, many of our agencies’ contracts with media and production providers specify that our agencies are not liable to the media and production providers under the theory of sequential liability until and to the extent we have been paid by our client for the media or production services.
Where purchases of media and production services are made by our agencies as a principal or are not subject to the theory of sequential liability, the risk of a material loss as a result of payment default by our clients could increase significantly and such a loss could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
In addition, methods of managing the risk of payment default, including obtaining credit insurance, requiring payment in advance, mitigating the potential loss in the marketplace or negotiating with media providers, may be less available or unavailable during a severe economic downturn.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As a global service business, we operate in multiple foreign currencies and issue debt in the capital markets. In the normal course of business, we are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations and the impact of interest rate changes. We limit these risks through risk management policies and procedures, including the use of derivatives. For foreign currency exposure, derivatives are used as an economic hedge to better manage the cash flow volatility arising from foreign exchange rate fluctuations. For interest rate exposure, derivatives have been used to manage the related cost of debt.
As a result of using derivative instruments, we are exposed to the risk that counterparties to derivative contracts will fail to meet their contractual obligations. To mitigate the counterparty credit risk, we have a policy of only entering into contracts with carefully selected major financial institutions based on specific minimum credit standards and other factors. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
We evaluate the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and other relevant market risks on our derivative instruments. We periodically determine the potential loss from market risk on our derivative instruments by performing a value-at-risk, or VaR, analysis. VaR is a statistical model that utilizes historical currency exchange and interest rate data to measure the potential impact on future earnings of our derivative financial instruments assuming normal market conditions. The VaR model is not intended to represent actual losses but is used as a risk estimation and management tool. Based on the results of the model, we estimate with 95% confidence a maximum one-day loss in fair value on our derivative financial instruments at December 31, 2013 was not material.
Because we use foreign currency instruments as an economic hedge, any gain or loss in fair value incurred on those instruments is generally offset by decreases or increases in the fair value of the underlying exposures.
Foreign Exchange Risk
Our results of operations are subject to risk from the translation to U.S. Dollars of the revenue and expenses of our foreign operations, which are generally denominated in their local currency. The effects of currency exchange rate fluctuation on the translation of our results of operations are discussed in Note 19 of our consolidated financial statements. For the most part, revenue and expenses of our foreign operations are denominated in the same currency. This minimizes the impact of fluctuations in exchange rates on our results of operations.
While our major non-U.S. currency markets are the European Monetary Union, or the EMU, the United Kingdom, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, and Japan, our agencies conduct business in more than 50 different currencies. As an integral part of our treasury operations, we centralize our cash and use multicurrency pool arrangements to manage the foreign exchange risk between subsidiaries and their respective treasury centers from which they borrow or invest funds.
In certain circumstances, instead of using a multicurrency pool, operations can borrow or invest on an intercompany basis with a treasury center operating in a different currency. To manage the foreign exchange risk associated with these transactions, we use forward foreign exchange contracts. At December 31, 2013, we had outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $207.0 million mitigating the foreign exchange risk of the intercompany borrowing and investment activities.
Also, we use forward foreign exchange contracts to mitigate the foreign currency risk associated with activities when revenue and expenses are not denominated in the same currency. In these instances, amounts are promptly settled or hedged with forward contracts. At December 31, 2013, we had outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $56.2 million mitigating the foreign exchange risk of these activities.
By using these financial instruments, we reduced financial risk of adverse foreign exchange changes by foregoing any gain (reward) which might have occurred if the markets moved favorably.
Interest Rate Risk
From time to time, we have issued debt in the capital markets. In prior years we have used interest rate swaps to manage our overall interest cost. At December 31, 2013, there were no interest rate swaps outstanding.
On July 31, 2014, our 2032 Notes may be put back to us for cash and we have the right to redeem the notes at any time on or after July 31, 2014. If the 2032 Notes are put back to us, our interest expense will change. The extent, if any, of the increase or decrease in interest expense will depend on the portion of the amount repurchased that is refinanced, when we refinance, the type of instrument we use to refinance and the term of the refinancing.
Credit Risk
We provide advertising, marketing and corporate communications services to several thousand clients who operate in nearly every industry sector of the global economy and in the normal course of business, we grant credit to qualified clients. Due to the diversified nature of our client base, we do not believe that we are exposed to a concentration of credit risk as our largest client accounted for 2.7% of revenue in 2013 and no other client accounted for more than 2.5% of revenue. However, during periods of economic downturn, the credit profiles of our clients could change.
In the normal course of business, our agencies enter into contractual commitments with media providers and production companies on behalf of our clients at levels that can substantially exceed the revenue from our services. These commitments are included in accounts payable when the services are delivered by the media providers or production companies. If permitted by local law and the client agreement, many of our agencies purchase media and production services for our clients as an agent for a disclosed principal. In addition, while operating practices vary by country, media type and media vendor, in the United States and certain foreign markets, many of our agencies’ contracts with media and production providers specify that our agencies are not liable to the media and production providers under the theory of sequential liability until and to the extent we have been paid by our client for the media or production services.
Where purchases of media and production services are made by our agencies as a principal or are not subject to the theory of sequential liability, the risk of a material loss as a result of payment default by our clients could increase significantly and such a loss could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial position.
In addition, methods of managing the risk of payment default, including obtaining credit insurance, requiring payment in advance, mitigating the potential loss in the marketplace or negotiating with media providers, may be less available or unavailable during a severe economic downturn.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The financial statements and supplementary data required by this item are listed in Part IV, Item 15.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our SEC reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within applicable time periods. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, and Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management, including our CEO and CFO, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2013. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of December 31, 2013, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that decisions can be made timely with respect to required disclosures, as well as ensuring that the recording, processing, summarization and reporting of information required to be included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 are appropriate.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision of management and with the participation of our CEO, CFO and our agencies, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission published in 1992. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2013. There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an attestation report on Omnicom’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, dated February 12, 2014.
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a)(1)
Financial Statements:
Page
Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2013 and 2012
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2013
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2013
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2013
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2013
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited)
(a)(2)
Financial Statement Schedules:
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Three Years Ended December 31, 2013
S-1
All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable.
(a)(3)
Exhibits:
Exhibit
Number
Description
2*
Business Combination Agreement, dated as of July 27, 2013, by and between Omnicom Group Inc. and Publicis Groupe S.A. (Exhibit 2.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.1-10551) filed on July 29, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference).
3(i)
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Omnicom Group Inc. (Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 1-10551) for the quarter ended September 30, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference).
3(ii)
By-laws of Omnicom Group Inc., as amended and restated on May 22, 2012 (Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10551) dated May 24, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.1
Indenture, dated as of March 6, 2002, between Omnicom Group Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as trustee, in connection with our issuance of $900 million Zero Coupon Zero Yield Convertible Notes due 2032 (“2032 Indenture”) (Exhibit 4.6 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10551) for the year ended December 31, 2001 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.2
Form of Zero Coupon Zero Yield Convertible Notes due 2032 (included in Exhibit 4.1 above).
4.3
First Supplemental Indenture to the 2032 Indenture, dated as of February 13, 2004, among Omnicom Group Inc., Omnicom Capital Inc., Omnicom Finance Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as trustee (Exhibit 4.3 to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-112840) and incorporated herein by reference).
4.4
Second Supplemental Indenture to the 2032 Indenture, dated as of August 12, 2004, among Omnicom Group Inc., Omnicom Capital Inc., Omnicom Finance Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as trustee (Exhibit 4.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2004 (“September 30, 2004 10-Q”) and incorporated herein by reference).
4.5
Third Supplemental Indenture to the 2032 Indenture, dated as of November 4, 2004, among Omnicom Group Inc., Omnicom Capital Inc., Omnicom Finance Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as trustee (Exhibit 4.3 to our September 30, 2004 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference).
__________
* The annexes, schedules and certain exhibits to the Business Combination Agreement have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Omnicom hereby agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request.
4.6
Fourth Supplemental Indenture to the 2032 Indenture, dated as of July 10, 2008, among Omnicom Group Inc., Omnicom Capital Inc., Omnicom Finance Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (Exhibit 99.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10551) dated July 15, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.7
Fifth Supplemental Indenture to the 2032 Indenture, dated as of August 8, 2008, among Omnicom Group Inc., Omnicom Capital Inc., Omnicom Finance Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (Exhibit 99.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10551) dated August 14, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.8
Sixth Supplemental Indenture to the 2032 Indenture, dated as of July 20, 2012, among Omnicom Group Inc., Omnicom Capital Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10551) dated July 20, 2012 ("July 20, 2012 8-K") and incorporated herein by reference).
4.9
Form of Senior Debt Securities Indenture (Exhibit 4.1 to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-132625) dated March 22, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.10
First Supplemental Indenture to the Form of the Senior Debt Securities Indenture, dated as of March 29, 2006, among Omnicom Group Inc., Omnicom Capital Inc., Omnicom Finance Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as trustee, in connection with our issuance of $1.0 billion 5.90% Notes due 2016 (Exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10551) dated March 29, 2006 (“March 29, 2006 8-K”) and incorporated herein by reference).
4.11
Second Supplemental Indenture to the Form of the Senior Debt Securities Indenture, dated as of July 20, 2012, among Omnicom Group Inc., Omnicom Capital Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee, (Exhibit 4.3 to the July 20, 2012 8-K and incorporated herein by reference).
4.12
Form of 5.90% Notes due 2016 (Exhibit 4.3 to the March 29, 2006 8-K and incorporated herein by reference).
4.13
Indenture, dated as of July 1, 2009, among Omnicom Group Inc., Omnicom Capital Inc., Omnicom Finance Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (“2009 Base Indenture”) (Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10551) dated July 1, 2009 (“July 1, 2009 8-K”) and incorporated herein by reference).
4.14
First Supplemental Indenture to the 2009 Base Indenture, dated as of July 1, 2009, among Omnicom Group Inc., Omnicom Capital Inc., Omnicom Finance Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee, in connection with our issuance of $500 million 6.25% Senior Notes due 2019 (Exhibit 4.2 to the July 1, 2009 8-K and incorporated herein by reference).
4.15
Second Supplemental Indenture to the 2009 Base Indenture, dated as of August 5, 2010, among Omnicom Group Inc., Omnicom Capital Inc., Omnicom Finance Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee, in connection with our issuance of $1.0 billion 4.45% Senior Notes due 2020 (Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10551) dated August 5, 2010 (“August 5, 2010 8-K”) and incorporated herein by reference).
4.16
Third Supplemental Indenture to the 2009 Base Indenture, dated as of April 23, 2012, among Omnicom Group Inc., Omnicom Capital Inc., Omnicom Finance Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee, in connection with our issuance of $750 million 3.625% Senior Notes due 2022 (Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10551) dated April 23, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.17
Fourth Supplemental Indenture to the 2009 Base Indenture, dated as of July 20, 2012, among Omnicom Group Inc., Omnicom Capital Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee, (Exhibit 4.4 to July 20, 2012 8-K and incorporated herein by reference).
4.18
Fifth Supplemental Indenture to the 2009 Base Indenture, dated as of August 9, 2012, among Omnicom Group Inc., Omnicom Capital Inc. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee, in connection with our issuance of $500 million 3.625% Senior Notes due 2022 (Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10551) dated August 9, 2012 ("August 9, 2012 8-K") and incorporated herein by reference).
4.19
Form of 6.25% Notes due 2019 (Exhibit 4.3 to the July 1, 2009 8-K and incorporated herein by reference).
4.20
Form of 4.45% Notes due 2020 (Exhibit 4.2 to the August 5, 2010 8-K and incorporated herein by reference).
4.21
Form of 3.625% Notes due 2022 (Exhibit 4.2 to the August 9, 2012 8-K and incorporated herein by reference).
10.1
Amended and Restated Five Year Credit Agreement, dated as of October 12, 2011, by and among Omnicom Capital Inc., a Connecticut corporation, Omnicom Finance plc, a public limited company organized under the laws of England and Wales, Omnicom Group Inc., a New York corporation, the banks, financial institutions and other institutional lenders and initial issuing banks listed on the signature pages thereof, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as lead arrangers and book managers, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Bank of America, N.A., as syndication agents, HSBC Bank USA, National Association, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. New York Branch, as documentation agents, and Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent for the lenders (Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10551) dated October 13, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.2
Instrument of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance, dated October 5, 2006, among us, Omnicom Capital Inc., Omnicom Finance Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10551) dated October 11, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.3
Amended and Restated 1998 Incentive Compensation Plan (Exhibit B to our Proxy Statement (File No. 1-10551) filed on April 10, 2000 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.4
Director Equity Plan for Non-employee Directors (Appendix B to our Proxy Statement (File No. 1-10551) filed on April 23, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.5
Standard form of our Executive Salary Continuation Plan Agreement (Exhibit 10.5 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10551) for the year ended December 31, 2012 (“2012 10-K”) and incorporated herein by reference).
10.6
Standard form of the Director Indemnification Agreement (Exhibit 10.25 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10551) for the year ended December 31, 1989 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.7
Equity Incentive Plan (Exhibit 4.3 to our Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-108063) and incorporated herein by reference).
10.8
Senior Management Incentive Plan as amended and restated on December 4, 2008 (Exhibit 10.9 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10551) for the year ended December 31, 2008 (“2008 10-K”) and incorporated herein by reference).
10.9
Omnicom Group Inc. SERCR Plan (Exhibit 10.10 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10551) for the year ended December 31, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.10
Form of Award Agreement under the Omnicom Group Inc. SERCR Plan (Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-10551) dated December 13, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.11
Omnicom Group Inc. Amended and Restated 2007 Incentive Award Plan (Appendix A to our Proxy Statement (File No. 1-10551) filed on April 15, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.12
Form of Indemnification Agreement (Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 1-10551) for the quarter ended June 30, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.13
Director Compensation and Deferred Stock Program (Exhibit 10.13 to the 2012 10-K and incorporated herein by reference).
10.14
Restricted Stock Unit Deferred Compensation Plan (Exhibit 10.16 to the 2008 10-K and incorporated herein by reference).
10.15
Restricted Stock Deferred Compensation Plan (Exhibit 10.17 to the 2008 10-K and incorporated herein by reference).
10.16
Amendment No. 1 to the Restricted Stock Deferred Compensation Plan (Exhibit 10.18 to the 2008 10-K and incorporated herein by reference).
10.17
Form of Grant Notice and Option Agreement (Exhibit 10.20 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-10551) for the year ended December 31, 2010 ("2010 10-K") and incorporated herein by reference).
10.18
Form of Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Agreement (Exhibit 10.21 to 2010 10-K and incorporated herein by reference).
10.19
Form of Grant Notice and Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Exhibit 10.22 to 2010 10-K and incorporated herein by reference).
10.20
Form of Grant Notice and Performance Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 1-10551) for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.21
Omnicom Group Inc. 2013 Incentive Award Plan (Appendix A to our Proxy Statement (File No. 1-10551) filed on April 11, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference).
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
Consent of KPMG LLP.
31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and President required by Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2
Certification of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and President and the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. §1350.
Interactive Data File.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
OMNICOM GROUP INC.
February 12, 2014
BY:
/s/ RANDALL J. WEISENBURGER
Randall J. Weisenburger
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
Title
Date
/s/ BRUCE CRAWFORD
Chairman and Director
February 12, 2014
Bruce Crawford
/s/ JOHN D. WREN
Chief Executive Officer and President and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
February 12, 2014
John D. Wren
/s/ RANDALL J. WEISENBURGER
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
February 12, 2014
Randall J. Weisenburger
/s/ PHILIP J. ANGELASTRO
Senior Vice President Finance and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
February 12, 2014
Philip J. Angelastro
/s/ ALAN R. BATKIN
Director
February 12, 2014
Alan R. Batkin
/s/ MARY C. CHOKSI
Director
February 12, 2014
Mary C. Choksi
/s/ ROBERT CHARLES CLARK
Director
February 12, 2014
Robert Charles Clark
/s/ LEONARD S. COLEMAN, JR.
Director
February 12, 2014
Leonard S. Coleman, Jr.
/s/ ERROL M. COOK
Director
February 12, 2014
Errol M. Cook
/s/ SUSAN S. DENISON
Director
February 12, 2014
Susan S. Denison
/s/ MICHAEL A. HENNING
Director
February 12, 2014
Michael A. Henning
/s/ JOHN R. MURPHY
Director
February 12, 2014
John R. Murphy
/s/ JOHN R. PURCELL
Director
February 12, 2014
John R. Purcell
/s/ LINDA JOHNSON RICE
Director
February 12, 2014
Linda Johnson Rice
/s/ GARY L. ROUBOS
Director
February 12, 2014
Gary L. Roubos
MANAGEMENT REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management is responsible for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and related information of Omnicom Group Inc. ("Omnicom"). Management uses its best judgment to ensure that the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, Omnicom’s consolidated financial position and results of operations in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.
The financial statements have been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. Their report expresses the independent accountant’s judgment as to the fairness of management’s reported operating results, cash flows and financial position. This judgment is based on the procedures described in the second paragraph of their report.
Omnicom management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision of management and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, and our agencies, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission published in 1992. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2013.
There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our fourth fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to affect our internal control over financial reporting.
KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm that audited our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an attestation report on Omnicom’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, dated February 12, 2014.
The Board of Directors of Omnicom has an Audit Committee comprised of five non-management directors. The Committee meets periodically with financial management, Internal Audit and the independent auditors to review accounting, control, audit and financial reporting matters.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Omnicom Group Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Omnicom Group Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2013. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we also have audited financial statement schedule II. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Omnicom Group Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule on page S-1, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Omnicom Group Inc. and subsidiaries' internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated February 12, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ KPMG LLP
New York, New York
February 12, 2014
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Omnicom Group Inc.:
We have audited Omnicom Group Inc. and subsidiaries’ (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Omnicom Group Inc. and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Omnicom Group Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2013, and our report dated February 12, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
New York, New York
February 12, 2014
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except per share amounts)
December 31,
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
2,710.5
$
2,678.3
Short-term investments, at cost
18.2
20.6
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $32.6 and $35.9
6,632.6
6,958.2
Work in process
1,288.0
1,008.4
Other current assets
1,003.0
995.9
Total Current Assets
11,652.3
11,661.4
Property and Equipment at cost, less accumulated depreciation of $1,230.1 and $1,234.8
737.4
723.8
Equity Method Investments
131.8
155.2
Goodwill
8,916.0
8,844.2
Intangible Assets, net of accumulated amortization of $552.3 and $498.0
386.0
456.1
Other Assets
275.2
311.2
TOTAL ASSETS
$
22,098.7
$
22,151.9
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable
$
8,358.9
$
8,296.7
Customer advances
1,242.2
1,231.5
Current portion of debt
0.4
0.4
Short-term borrowings
5.9
6.4
Taxes payable
293.3
264.4
Other current liabilities
2,377.0
2,076.4
Total Current Liabilities
12,277.7
11,875.8
Long-Term Notes Payable
3,780.7
3,789.1
Convertible Debt
252.7
659.4
Long-Term Liabilities
685.1
739.9
Long-Term Deferred Tax Liabilities
832.6
933.0
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (See Note 17)
Temporary Equity - Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
202.0
198.4
Equity:
Shareholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, 7.5 million shares authorized, none issued
-
-
Common stock, $0.15 par value, 1.0 billion shares authorized, 397.2 million shares issued, 257.6 million and 262.0 million shares outstanding
59.6
59.6
Additional paid-in capital
817.1
836.6
Retained earnings
8,961.2
8,394.4
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(191.6
)
(129.5
)
Treasury stock, at cost, 139.6 million and 135.2 million shares
(6,063.9
)
(5,700.3
)
Total Shareholders’ Equity
3,582.4
3,460.8
Noncontrolling interests
485.5
495.5
Total Equity
4,067.9
3,956.3
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
$
22,098.7
$
22,151.9
The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Years Ended December 31,
Revenue
$
14,584.5
$
14,219.4
$
13,872.5
Operating Expenses
12,759.2
12,415.2
12,201.4
Operating Income
1,825.3
1,804.2
1,671.1
Interest Expense
197.2
179.7
158.1
Interest Income
32.8
35.1
36.0
Income Before Income Taxes and Income (Loss) From
Equity Method Investments
1,660.9
1,659.6
1,549.0
Income Tax Expense
565.2
527.1
505.8
Income (Loss) From Equity Method Investments
15.9
(15.0
)
17.2
Net Income
1,111.6
1,117.5
1,060.4
Net Income Attributed To Noncontrolling Interests
(120.5
)
(119.2
)
(107.8
)
Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc.
$
991.1
$
998.3
$
952.6
Net Income Per Share - Omnicom Group Inc.:
Basic
$
3.73
$
3.64
$
3.38
Diluted
$
3.71
$
3.61
$
3.33
The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
Years Ended December 31,
Net Income
$
1,111.6
$
1,117.5
$
1,060.4
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of income taxes of $0.2 and $0.2 and ($0.4) for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively
0.4
0.3
(0.6
)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income taxes of ($62.3) and $41.3 and ($41.2) for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively
(120.6
)
80.3
(79.7
)
Defined benefit pension and postemployment plans adjustment, net of income taxes of $14.1 and ($14.5) and ($9.1) for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively
21.0
(21.7
)
(13.6
)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(99.2
)
58.9
(93.9
)
Comprehensive Income
1,012.4
1,176.4
966.5
Comprehensive Income Attributed To Noncontrolling Interests
(83.4
)
(115.9
)
(99.2
)
Comprehensive Income - Omnicom Group Inc.
$
929.0
$
1,060.5
$
867.3
The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
Three Years Ended December 31, 2013
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Omnicom Group Inc.
Common Stock
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Treasury
Stock
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
Noncontrolling
Interests
Total
Equity
Shares
Par Value
Balance as of December 31, 2010
397.2
$
59.6
$
1,271.9
$
7,052.5
$
(106.4
)
$
(4,697.1
)
$
3,580.5
$
312.6
$
3,893.1
Net Income
952.6
952.6
107.8
1,060.4
Other comprehensive income
(85.3
)
(85.3
)
(8.6
)
(93.9
)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests
(101.3
)
(101.3
)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests
(32.8
)
(32.8
)
(22.0
)
(54.8
)
Increase in noncontrolling interests from business combinations
187.0
187.0
Change in temporary equity
(5.0
)
(5.0
)
(5.0
)
Common stock dividends declared ($1.00 per share)
(281.0
)
(281.0
)
(281.0
)
Share-based compensation
74.5
74.5
74.5
Stock issued, share-based compensation
(265.1
)
414.9
149.8
149.8
Treasury stock acquired
(849.0
)
(849.0
)
(849.0
)
Balance as of December 31, 2011
397.2
59.6
1,043.5
7,724.1
(191.7
)
(5,131.2
)
3,504.3
475.5
3,979.8
Net Income
998.3
998.3
119.2
1,117.5
Other comprehensive income
62.2
62.2
(3.3
)
58.9
Dividends to noncontrolling interests
(98.4
)
(98.4
)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests
(28.1
)
(28.1
)
(21.2
)
(49.3
)
Increase in noncontrolling interests from business combinations
23.7
23.7
Change in temporary equity
4.7
4.7
4.7
Common stock dividends declared ($1.20 per share)
(328.0
)
(328.0
)
(328.0
)
Share-based compensation
80.8
80.8
80.8
Stock issued, share-based compensation
(264.3
)
567.4
303.1
303.1
Treasury stock acquired
(1,136.5
)
(1,136.5
)
(1,136.5
)
Balance as of December 31, 2012
397.2
59.6
836.6
8,394.4
(129.5
)
(5,700.3
)
3,460.8
495.5
3,956.3
Net Income
991.1
991.1
120.5
1,111.6
Other comprehensive income
(62.1
)
(62.1
)
(37.1
)
(99.2
)
Dividends to noncontrolling interests
(100.6
)
(100.6
)
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests
(16.8
)
(16.8
)
(8.2
)
(25.0
)
Increase in noncontrolling interests from business combinations
15.4
15.4
Change in temporary equity
(3.6
)
(3.6
)
(3.6
)
Shares issued in connection with conversion of convertible notes
(34.3
)
68.8
34.5
34.5
Common stock dividends declared ($1.60 per share)
(424.3
)
(424.3
)
(424.3
)
Share-based compensation
86.3
86.3
86.3
Stock issued, share-based compensation
(51.1
)
142.9
91.8
91.8
Treasury stock acquired
(575.3
)
(575.3
)
(575.3
)
Balance as of December 31, 2013
397.2
$
59.6
$
817.1
$
8,961.2
$
(191.6
)
$
(6,063.9
)
$
3,582.4
$
485.5
$
4,067.9
The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
Years Ended December 31,
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income
$
1,111.6
$
1,117.5
$
1,060.4
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation
184.0
181.6
182.3
Amortization of intangible assets
100.8
101.1
91.4
Impairment charge on equity method investment, net
10.7
29.2
-
Remeasurement gain, equity interest in Clemenger Group
-
-
(123.4
)
Remeasurement gain, acquisition of controlling interests in affiliates
(1.6
)
(2.1
)
(15.1
)
Share-based compensation
86.3
80.8
74.5
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation
(37.8
)
(85.3
)
(30.4
)
Other, net
3.7
3.3
46.4
Change in operating capital
351.3
25.2
29.2
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities
1,809.0
1,451.3
1,315.3
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Payments to acquire property and equipment
(212.0
)
(226.3
)
(185.5
)
Payments to acquire businesses and interests in affiliates, net of cash acquired
(32.8
)
(132.7
)
(403.7
)
Proceeds from investments, net
16.6
8.6
14.6
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities
(228.2
)
(350.4
)
(574.6
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Repayments of short-term debt
(0.4
)
(3.3
)
(43.1
)
Proceeds from borrowings
-
1,273.2
-
Redemption of convertible debt
(406.7
)
-
(0.1
)
Payments of dividends
(318.4
)
(397.8
)
(269.1
)
Payments for repurchases of common stock
(575.3
)
(1,136.5
)
(849.0
)
Proceeds from stock plans
52.3
219.2
117.5
Payments for acquisition of additional noncontrolling interests
(8.9
)
(32.0
)
(38.8
)
Payments of dividends to noncontrolling interest shareholders
(100.6
)
(98.4
)
(101.3
)
Payments of contingent purchase price obligations
(70.5
)
(32.2
)
(19.7
)
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation
37.8
85.3
30.4
Other, net
(29.1
)
(97.6
)
(32.5
)
Net Cash Used In Financing Activities
(1,419.8
)
(220.1
)
(1,205.7
)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(128.8
)
16.3
(42.5
)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
32.2
897.1
(507.5
)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at the Beginning of Year
2,678.3
1,781.2
2,288.7
Cash and Cash Equivalents at the End of Year
$
2,710.5
$
2,678.3
$
1,781.2
The accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Presentation of Financial Statements
The terms “Omnicom,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” each refer to Omnicom Group Inc. and our subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise. The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses that are reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.
2. Pending Business Combination
On July 27, 2013, the Company and Publicis Groupe S.A. (“Publicis”) entered into a Business Combination Agreement (the “Business Combination Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company and Publicis agreed, subject to the terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement, to combine their respective businesses (the “Business Combination”). In the Business Combination, Publicis will merge (the “Publicis Merger”) with and into Publicis Omnicom Group N.V., a newly-formed Dutch holding company (“Publicis Omnicom Group” or “HoldCo”), with Publicis Omnicom Group being the surviving entity in the Publicis Merger, and immediately after consummation of the Publicis Merger, a corporation wholly-owned by Publicis Omnicom Group will merge (the “Omnicom Merger” and together with the Publicis Merger, the “Mergers”) with and into the Company, with the Company being the surviving corporation in the Omnicom Merger.
In the Publicis Merger, each issued and outstanding share of Publicis will be exchanged for 1.000000 ordinary share of Publicis Omnicom Group. In addition, prior to completion of the Publicis Merger, Publicis intends to declare and pay a special dividend, in cash, in an amount equal to €1.00 per Publicis share (the “Publicis Transaction Dividend”). In the Omnicom Merger, each share of common stock of the Company will be converted into the right to receive 0.813008 of a Publicis Omnicom Group ordinary share, together with cash in lieu of fractional shares, subject to adjustment to account for certain changes in outstanding shares and certain excluded asset values as set forth in the Business Combination Agreement. Similarly, prior to completion of the Omnicom Merger, the Company intends to declare and pay a special cash dividend of $2.00 per share of the Company’s outstanding common stock (the “Omnicom Transaction Dividend” and, together with the Publicis Transaction Dividend, the “Transaction Dividends”), subject to adjustment to account for certain changes in outstanding shares of the parties and certain excluded asset values, in each case as set forth in the Business Combination Agreement, and, if necessary, to equalize the cumulative amount of regular dividends paid by the Company after July 27, 2013 with the cumulative amount of regular Publicis dividends paid after July 27, 2013. However, dividends of up to $0.80 per share in the aggregate paid to holders of the Company's common stock in respect of record dates after July 27, 2013 and before the Mergers are not included in this equalization. The payment of the Transaction Dividends is also subject to applicable law.
Completion of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement (which include the Mergers, the Publicis Transaction Dividend, and the Omnicom Transaction Dividend, collectively, the “Transactions”) will require resolution of all open issues, complexities and challenges and will be subject to the satisfaction or waiver, if legally permitted, of certain conditions including (a) approval and adoption of the Business Combination Agreement and the Omnicom Merger by the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company, approval of the Cross-Border Merger Terms (as described in the Business Combination Agreement), and the Publicis Merger by the holders of two-thirds of the voting rights attached to the Publicis shares present at a meeting of the Publicis shareholders, and the approval of the Publicis Transaction Dividend by the holders of a majority of the voting rights attached to the Publicis shares present at a meeting of the Publicis shareholders; (b) approval by requisite governmental regulators and authorities, including approvals under applicable competition laws; (c) the listing of the Publicis Omnicom Group ordinary shares on applicable stock exchanges; (d) the absence of any law or order prohibiting the completion of the Transactions; and (e) the absence of a material adverse effect on either the Company or Publicis. Therefore, completion of the Transactions is unlikely to occur before the third quarter of 2014.
The completion of the Transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement will have a material effect on our future results of operations and financial position.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
3. Significant Accounting Policies
Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and applicable SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins. Substantially all of our revenue is derived from fees for services based on a rate per hour or equivalent basis. Revenue is realized when the service is performed in accordance with the client arrangement and upon the completion of the earnings process. Prior to recognizing revenue, persuasive evidence of an arrangement must exist, the sales price must be fixed or determinable, delivery, performance and acceptance must be in accordance with the client arrangement and collection must be reasonably assured. These principles are the foundation of our revenue recognition policy and apply to all client arrangements in each of our service disciplines: advertising, customer relationship management, public relations and specialty communications. Certain of our businesses earn a portion of their revenue as commissions based on performance in accordance with client arrangements. Because the services that we provide across each of our disciplines are similar and delivered to clients in similar ways, all of the key elements of our revenue recognition policy apply to client arrangements in each of our four disciplines. Revenue is recorded net of sales, use and value added taxes.
In the majority of our businesses, we act as an agent and record revenue equal to the net amount retained when the fee or commission is earned. Although we may bear credit risk with respect to these activities, the arrangements with our clients are such that we act as an agent on their behalf. In these cases, costs incurred with third-party suppliers are excluded from our revenue. In certain arrangements, we act as principal and we contract directly with third-party suppliers and media providers and production companies and we are responsible for payment. In these circumstances, revenue is recorded at the gross amount billed since revenue has been earned for the sale of goods or services.
Some of our client arrangements include performance incentive provisions designed to link a portion of our revenue to our performance relative to quantitative and qualitative goals. We recognize performance incentives in revenue when specific quantitative goals are achieved, or when our performance against qualitative goals is determined by our clients.
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses are comprised of salary and service costs and office and general expenses. Salary and service costs consist of employee compensation and related costs and direct service costs. Office and general costs consist of rent and occupancy costs, technology costs, depreciation and amortization and other overhead expenses. Beginning in the second half of 2013 we incurred $41.4 million of expenses in connection with the pending merger with Publicis, which are primarily comprised of professional fees. The merger expenses are shown as a separate component of operating expenses.
Operating expenses for the three years ended December 31, 2013 were (in millions):
Salary and service costs
$
10,724.4
$
10,406.8
$
10,276.9
Office and general expenses
1,993.4
2,008.4
1,924.5
Merger expenses
41.4
-
-
Operating expenses
$
12,759.2
$
12,415.2
$
12,201.4
Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash held in banks and interest-bearing time deposits with original maturities of three months or less. We have policies governing counterparty credit risk with financial institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents and we have deposit limits for each financial institution.
Short-Term Investments. Short-term investments primarily consist of time deposits with financial institutions that we expect to convert into cash within our current operating cycle, generally one year. Short-term investments are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.
Work in Process. Work in process consists of costs incurred on behalf of clients in providing advertising, marketing and corporate communications services, including media and production costs, and fees that have not yet been billed. Media and production costs are billed during the production process and fees are generally billed within the next 30 days.
Available-for-Sale Securities. Investments in publicly traded equity securities are classified as available-for-sale securities. These investments are carried at fair value using quoted market prices and are included in other assets in our balance sheet. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. The carrying value of the available-for-sale securities was $4.9 million and $3.9 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Property and Equipment. Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from seven to ten years for furniture and three to five years for equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the related lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Property under capital lease is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Equity Method Investments. Investments in non-public companies in which we own less than a 50% equity interest and where we exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Our proportionate share of the net income (loss) of the equity method investments is included in our results of operations. Dividends received reduce the carrying value of our investment. The excess of the cost of our investment over our proportionate share of the fair value of the net assets of the investee at the acquisition date is recognized as goodwill and included in the carrying amount of the investment. Goodwill in our equity method investments is not amortized. We periodically review these investments to determine if there has been an other-than-temporary decline in
carrying value. A variety of factors are considered when determining if a decline in carrying value is other-than-temporary, including, among others, the financial condition and prospects of the investee, as well as our investment intent.
Cost Method Investments. Investments in non-public companies in which we own less than a 20% equity interest and where we do not exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee are accounted for using the cost method of accounting. We periodically review these investments to determine if there has been an other-than-temporary decline in fair value below carrying value. A variety of factors are considered when determining if a decline in fair value below carrying value is other-than-temporary, including, among others, the financial condition and prospects of the investee, as well as our investment intent. Cost method investments are carried at cost, which approximates or is less than fair value and are included in other assets in our balance sheet. The carrying value of our cost method investments was $22.2 million and $23.1 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets. Goodwill represents the excess of the acquisition cost over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but is periodically tested for impairment. Identifiable intangible assets, which consist primarily of customer relationships, including the related customer contracts and trade names, are amortized over their estimated useful lives ranging from five to ten years. We consider a number of factors in determining the useful lives and amortization method, including the pattern in which the economic benefits are consumed, as well as trade name recognition and customer attrition. No residual value is estimated for the identified intangible assets.
We review the carrying value of goodwill for impairment at least annually as of the end of the second quarter and whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. There is a two-step test for goodwill impairment. In Step 1, we compare the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit is equal to or greater than its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired and no further testing is required. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, then Step 2 of the impairment test is performed in order to determine if the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the carrying value of that goodwill. Goodwill is impaired when the carrying value of a reporting unit's goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of its goodwill. Impaired goodwill is written down to its implied fair value with a charge recorded in results of operations in the period the impairment is identified.
We identified our regional reporting units as components of our operating segments, which are our five networks. The regional reporting units of each agency network are responsible for the agencies in their region. They report to the segment managers and facilitate the administrative and logistical requirements of our client-centric strategy for delivering services to clients in their regions. We have concluded that for each of our operating segments, their regional reporting units had similar economic characteristics and should be aggregated for purposes of testing goodwill for impairment at the operating segment level. Our conclusion was based on a detailed analysis of the aggregation criteria set forth in FASB ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting, and the guidance set forth in FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. Consistent with our fundamental business strategy, the agencies within our regional reporting units serve similar clients in similar industries, and in many cases the same clients. In addition, the agencies within our regional reporting units have similar economic characteristics. The main economic components of each agency are employee compensation and related costs and direct service costs and office and general costs, which include rent and occupancy costs, technology costs that are generally limited to personal computers, servers and off-the-shelf software and other overhead costs. Finally, the expected benefits of our acquisitions are typically shared across multiple agencies and regions as they work together to integrate the acquired agency into our client service strategy. We use the following valuation methodologies to determine the fair value of our reporting units: (1) the income approach which utilizes discounted expected future cash flows, (2) comparative market participant multiples of EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) and (3) when available, consideration of recent and similar acquisition transactions.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Based on the results of our annual impairment test, we concluded that our goodwill at June 30, 2013 and 2012 was not impaired because the fair value of each of our reporting units were substantially in excess of their respective net book value. Subsequent to our annual impairment test of goodwill at June 30, 2013, there were no events or circumstances that triggered the need for an interim impairment test.
Temporary Equity - Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests. Owners of noncontrolling equity interests in certain of our subsidiaries have the right in certain circumstances to require us to purchase all or a portion of their equity interests at fair value as defined in the applicable agreements. The intent of the parties is to approximate fair value at the time of redemption by using a multiple of earnings that is consistent with generally accepted valuation practices used by market participants in our industry. These contingent redemption rights are embedded in the equity security at issuance, are not free-standing instruments, do not represent a de facto financing and are not under our control.
Treasury Stock. Repurchases of our common stock are accounted for at cost. Reissued treasury shares, primarily in connection with share-based compensation plans, are accounted for at average cost. Gains or losses on reissued treasury shares are accounted for as additional paid-in capital and do not affect our results of operations.
Business Combinations. Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method and accordingly, the assets acquired, including identified intangible assets, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquired business are recorded at their acquisition date fair values. In circumstances where control is obtained and less than 100% of an entity is acquired, we record 100% of the goodwill acquired. Acquisition-related costs, including advisory, legal, accounting, valuation and other costs are expensed as incurred. Certain of our acquisitions include an initial payment at closing and provide for future additional contingent purchase price payments (earn-outs). Contingent purchase price obligations are recorded as a liability at the acquisition date fair value using the discount rate in affect at the acquisition date. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the liability is recorded in our results of operations. Generally, there is no cap on the amount that can be earned under the contingent purchase price arrangements and payments are not contingent upon future employment. The results of operations of acquired businesses are included in our results of operations from the acquisition date.
Subsidiary and Equity Investment Stock Transactions. Transactions involving the purchase, sale or issuance of stock of a subsidiary where control is maintained are recorded as an increase or decrease in additional paid-in capital. Gains and losses from transactions involving subsidiary stock where control is lost are recorded in results of operations. Gains and losses from transactions involving stock of an equity investment are recorded in results of operations until control is achieved. In circumstances where the purchase of shares of an equity investment results in obtaining control, the existing carrying value of the investment is remeasured to the acquisition date fair value and any gain or loss is recognized in results of operations.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions. Substantially all of our foreign subsidiaries use their local currency as their functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date and revenue and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. The impact of the translation adjustments is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Net foreign currency transaction gains (losses) recorded in results of operations were $2.7 million, $(2.7) million and $3.5 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Share-Based Compensation. Share-based compensation, arising from awards of stock options and restricted stock, is measured at the grant date fair value. We use the Black-Scholes option valuation model to determine the fair value of stock option awards. The fair value of restricted stock awards is determined and fixed on the grant date using the closing price of our common stock. The fair value of the restricted stock awards is charged to additional paid-in capital and is amortized to expense over the restriction period. For awards that have a service only vesting condition, we recognize share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods. For awards with a performance vesting condition, we recognize share-based compensation expense on a graded-vesting basis. See Note 10 for additional information regarding our specific award plans and estimates and assumptions used to determine the fair value of our share-based compensation awards.
Salary Continuation Agreements. Arrangements with certain present and former employees provide for continuing payments for periods up to ten years after cessation of full-time employment in consideration for agreement by the employees not to compete with us and to render consulting services during the postemployment period. Such payments which are subject to certain limitations, including our operating performance during the postemployment period, represent the fair value of the services rendered and are expensed in such periods.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Severance. The liability for one-time termination benefits, such as severance pay or benefit payouts, is measured and recognized at fair value in the period the liability was incurred. Subsequent changes to the liability are recognized in results of operations in the period of change.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Postemployment Arrangements. The funded status of our defined benefit plans is recorded in our balance sheet. Funded status is measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation at December 31, the measurement date. The benefit obligation for the defined benefit plans is the projected benefit obligation (“PBO”), which represents the actuarial present value of benefits expected to be paid upon retirement based on estimated future compensation levels. The fair value of plan assets represents the current market value. Overfunded plans where the fair value of plan assets exceeds the benefit obligation are aggregated and recorded as a prepaid pension asset equal to the excess. Underfunded plans where the benefit obligation exceeds the fair value of plan assets are aggregated and recorded as a liability equal to the excess. The liability for our postemployment arrangements is recorded in our balance sheet. The benefit obligation of our postemployment arrangements is the PBO and these arrangements are not funded. The current portion of the benefit obligation for our defined benefit plans and postemployment arrangements represents the actuarial present value of benefits payable in the next twelve months that exceed the fair value of plan assets. This current obligation is recorded in other current liabilities and the long-term portion is recorded in long-term liabilities in our balance sheet.
Deferred Compensation. Some of our subsidiaries have individual deferred compensation arrangements with certain executives that provide for payments over varying terms upon retirement, cessation of employment or death. The cost of these arrangements is accrued during the employee’s service period.
Income Taxes. We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of taxes payable for the current period and deferred taxes recognized during the period. Deferred income taxes are recognized for the temporary difference between the financial reporting basis and tax basis of our assets and liabilities. Deferred income taxes are measured using the enacted tax rates that are assumed to be in effect when the differences reverse. Deferred tax assets result principally from recording certain expenses in the financial statements which are not currently deductible for tax purposes, such as share-based compensation expense, tax loss and credit carryforwards and differences between the tax basis and book basis of assets and liabilities recorded in connection with acquisitions. Deferred tax liabilities result principally from expenses arising from financial instruments which are currently deductible for tax purposes but have not been expensed in the financial statements, basis differences arising from deductible goodwill and intangible assets and tax rate differentials on unremitted foreign earnings. Valuation allowances are recorded where it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we evaluate factors such as prior earnings history, expected future earnings, carry-back and carry-forward periods and tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of the realization of a deferred tax asset.
We have not provided U.S. federal and state income taxes on cumulative earnings of foreign subsidiaries that have been indefinitely reinvested. We have provided U.S. income taxes on earnings of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates that have not been indefinitely reinvested. Interest and penalties related to tax positions taken in our tax returns are recorded in income tax expense.
Net Income Per Common Share. Net income per common share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted net income per common share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, plus, if dilutive, common share equivalents, which include outstanding stock options, restricted stock and shares issuable for the conversion premium on our convertible debt.
Net income per common share is calculated using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation method for computing net income per common share when a company's capital structure includes common stock and participating securities. The majority of our unvested restricted stock awards receive non-forfeitable dividends at the same rate as our common stock and therefore are considered participating securities. Under the two-class method, basic and diluted net income per common share is reduced for a presumed hypothetical distribution of earnings to holders of our unvested restricted stock.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Concentration of Credit Risk. We provide advertising, marketing and corporate communications services to several thousand clients who operate in nearly every industry sector of the global economy and we grant credit to qualified clients in the normal course of business. Due to the diversified nature of our client base, we do not believe that we are exposed to a concentration of credit risk as our largest client accounted for 2.7% of revenue in 2013 and no other client accounted for more than 2.5% of revenue.
Derivative Financial Instruments. All derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, are recorded in our balance sheet at fair value as either an asset or liability. Derivatives qualify for hedge accounting if: (1) the hedging instrument is designated as a hedge at inception, (2) the hedged exposure is specifically identifiable and exposes us to risk and (3) a change in fair value of the derivative financial instrument and an opposite change in the fair value of the hedged exposure will have a high degree of correlation. The method of assessing hedge effectiveness and measuring hedge ineffectiveness is formally documented at hedge inception. Hedge effectiveness is assessed and hedge ineffectiveness is measured at least quarterly throughout the designated hedge period. If the derivative is a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative will either be offset against the change in fair value of the hedged asset, liability or firm commitment through earnings or recognized in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of a derivative used as hedge is recognized in results of operations. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Fair Value. We apply the fair value measurement guidance of FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, for our financial assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value and for our nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets. The measurement of fair value requires the use of techniques based on observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. The inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:
•
Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
•
Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations where inputs are observable or where significant value drivers are observable.
•
Level 3 - Instruments where significant value drivers are unobservable to third parties.
When available, we use quoted market prices to determine the fair value of our financial instruments and classify such items in Level 1. In some cases, we use quoted market prices for similar instruments in active markets and model-derived valuations. These items are classified in Level 2.
In determining the fair value of financial instruments, we consider certain market valuation adjustments that market participants would consider in determining fair value, including: counterparty credit risk adjustments applied to financial instruments, taking into account the actual credit risk of the counterparty as observed in the credit default swap market and credit risk adjustments applied to reflect our own credit risk when valuing liabilities measured at fair value.
Reclassifications. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year financial information to conform to the current year presentation.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
4. Net Income per Common Share
The computations of basic and diluted net income per common share for the three years ended December 31, 2013 were (in millions, except per share amounts):
Net Income Available for Common Shares:
Net income - Omnicom Group Inc.
$
991.1
$
998.3
$
952.6
Net income allocated to participating securities
(25.1
)
(22.5
)
(10.7
)
$
966.0
$
975.8
$
941.9
Weighted Average Shares:
Basic
258.9
268.3
279.0
Dilutive stock options, restricted shares and shares issuable
for the conversion premium of convertible debt
1.5
1.7
4.3
Diluted
260.4
270.0
283.3
Anti-dilutive stock options and restricted shares
0.7
0.3
1.7
Net Income per Common Share - Omnicom Group Inc.:
Basic
$
3.73
$
3.64
$
3.38
Diluted
$
3.71
$
3.61
$
3.33
5. Business Combinations
In 2013, we completed 8 acquisitions of new subsidiaries and made additional investments in companies in which we had an existing minority ownership interest. Goodwill increased $69.9 million in 2013, which included contingent purchase price payments (earn-outs) for acquisitions completed prior to January 1, 2009 of $14.5 million. Approximately $38.1 million of the goodwill recorded in connection with the 2013 acquisitions is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. We also acquired additional equity in certain of our majority owned subsidiaries. These transactions are accounted for as equity transactions and no additional goodwill was recorded. None of the acquisitions in 2013 were material to our results of operations or financial position.
Our valuation of the acquired businesses is based on a number of factors, including specialized know-how, reputation, geographic coverage, competitive position and service offerings, as well as our experience and judgment. Our acquisition strategy is focused on acquiring the expertise of an assembled workforce in order to continue to build upon the core capabilities of our various strategic business platforms, including the expansion of their geographic area and/or their service capabilities to better serve our clients. Consistent with our acquisition strategy and past practice, certain of our acquisitions include an initial payment at closing and provide for future additional contingent purchase price payments (earn-outs). We use contingent purchase price structures in an effort to minimize the risk to us associated with potential future negative changes in the performance of the acquired business during the post-acquisition transition period. Contingent purchase price payments for these transactions, as well as certain acquisitions completed in prior years, are derived using the performance of the acquired entity and are based on predetermined formulas. The liability for contingent purchase price obligations was $220.2 million and $266.2 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, of which $74.5 million and $83.2 million, respectively, is included in other current liabilities in our balance sheet.
For each acquisition, we undertake a detailed review to identify other intangible assets and a valuation is performed for all such identified assets. We use several market participant measurements to determine fair value. This approach includes consideration of similar and recent transactions, as well as utilizing discounted expected cash flow methodologies and when available and as appropriate, we use comparative market multiples to supplement our analysis. As is typical for most service businesses, a substantial portion of the intangible asset value we acquire is the specialized know-how of the workforce, which is treated as part of goodwill and is not valued separately. A significant portion of the identifiable intangible assets acquired is derived from customer relationships, including the related customer contracts, as well as trade names. In executing our acquisition strategy, one of the primary drivers in identifying and executing a specific transaction is the existence of, or the ability to, expand our existing client relationships. The expected benefits of our acquisitions are typically shared across multiple agencies and regions.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and intangible assets at December 31, 2013 and 2012 were (in millions):
Gross
Carrying
Value
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Value
Gross
Carrying
Value
Accumulated
Amortization
Net
Carrying
Value
Goodwill
$
9,502.6
$
586.6
$
8,916.0
$
9,424.3
$
580.1
$
8,844.2
Intangible assets:
Purchased and internally developed software
$
283.2
$
217.4
$
65.8
$
289.6
$
222.1
$
67.5
Customer related and other
655.1
334.9
320.2
664.5
275.9
388.6
$
938.3
$
552.3
$
386.0
$
954.1
$
498.0
$
456.1
Changes in goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 were (in millions):
Balance January 1
$
8,844.2
$
8,456.3
Acquisitions
69.9
301.1
Dispositions
(8.5
)
(2.7
)
Foreign currency translation
10.4
89.5
Balance December 31
$
8,916.0
$
8,844.2
There were no goodwill impairment losses recorded in 2013 or 2012 and there are no accumulated goodwill impairment losses. Goodwill for acquisitions completed in 2013 and 2012 includes $12.2 million and $25.6 million, respectively, of goodwill attributed to noncontrolling interests in the acquired businesses.
7. Debt
Lines of Credit
We have a $2.5 billion committed line of credit ("Credit Agreement") with a consortium of banks expiring on October 12, 2016. We have the ability to classify borrowings under the Credit Agreement as long-term. The Credit Agreement supports the issuance of up to $1.5 billion of commercial paper issuances and such issuances reduce the amount available under the Credit Agreement. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, there were no outstanding commercial paper issuances or borrowings under the Credit Agreement. We also have uncommitted lines of credit aggregating $1,051.5 million and $878.2 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Available and unused lines of credit at December 31, 2013 and 2012 were (in millions):
Credit Agreement
$
2,500.0
$
2,500.0
Uncommitted lines of credit
1,051.5
878.2
Available and unused lines of credit
$
3,551.5
$
3,378.2
The Credit Agreement contains financial covenants that require us to maintain a Leverage Ratio of consolidated indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA to no more than 3 times for the most recently ended 12-month period (under the Credit Agreement, EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) and an Interest Coverage Ratio of consolidated EBITDA to interest expense of at least 5 times for the most recently ended 12-month period. At December 31, 2013 we were in compliance with these covenants, as our Leverage Ratio was 1.9 times and our Interest Coverage Ratio was 10.7 times. The Credit Agreement does not limit our ability to declare or pay dividends.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Short-Term Borrowings
Short-term borrowings of $5.9 million and $6.4 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, represent bank overdrafts and credit lines of our international subsidiaries. The bank overdrafts and credit lines are treated as unsecured loans pursuant to the agreements supporting the facilities. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, carrying value approximates fair value. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the weighted average interest rate on these borrowings was 5.6% and 9.5%, respectively.
Debt - General
Omnicom Capital Inc. (“OCI”) our wholly-owned finance subsidiary, together with us, is a co-obligor of all our Senior Notes and our Convertible Notes due July 31, 2032 (“2032 Notes”). The Senior Notes and 2032 Notes are a joint and several liability of us and OCI, and we unconditionally guarantee OCI’s obligations with respect to the Senior Notes and 2032 Notes. OCI provides funding for our operations by incurring debt and lending the proceeds to our operating subsidiaries. OCI’s assets consist of cash and cash equivalents and intercompany loans made to our operating subsidiaries and the related interest receivable. There are no restrictions on the ability of OCI or us to obtain funds from our subsidiaries through dividends, loans or advances. Our Senior Notes and 2032 Notes are senior unsecured obligations that rank in equal right of payment with all existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness.
Long-Term Notes Payable
Long-term notes payable at December 31, 2013 and 2012 were (in millions):
5.90% Senior Notes due April 15, 2016
$
1,000.0
$
1,000.0
6.25% Senior Notes due July 15, 2019
500.0
500.0
4.45% Senior Notes due August 15, 2020
1,000.0
1,000.0
3.625% Senior Notes due May 1, 2022
1,250.0
1,250.0
Other notes and loans
0.5
0.4
3,750.5
3,750.4
Unamortized premium (discount) on Senior Notes, net
14.7
16.0
Deferred gain from termination of interest rate swaps on Senior Notes due 2016
15.9
23.1
3,781.1
3,789.5
Less current portion
0.4
0.4
Long-term notes payable
$
3,780.7
$
3,789.1
In 2011, we terminated and settled a series of interest rate swaps on our 5.90% Senior Notes due April 15, 2016 (“2016 Notes”). Upon termination of the swaps, we discontinued hedge accounting and recorded a deferred gain of $33.2 million, which is being amortized as a reduction of interest expense through the maturity of the 2016 Notes.
Convertible Debt
Convertible debt at December 31, 2013 and 2012 was (in millions):
Convertible Notes due July 31, 2032
$
252.7
$
252.7
Convertible Notes due June 15, 2033
-
0.1
Convertible Notes due July 1, 2038
-
406.6
252.7
659.4
Less current portion
-
-
Convertible debt
$
252.7
$
659.4
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
On May 16, 2013, we called our Convertible Notes due June 15, 2033 (“2033 Notes”) and our Convertible Notes due July 1, 2038 (“2038 Notes”) for redemption on June 17, 2013 at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount. As provided in the indenture governing the 2033 Notes and the 2038 Notes, prior to redemption the noteholders had the right to convert their 2033 Notes and 2038 Notes into shares of our common stock at a conversion rate of 19.4174 shares per $1,000 principal amount at any time prior to June 13, 2013. Substantially all the noteholders exercised their conversion right. We paid $406.1 million in cash representing the principal amount of the 2033 Notes and 2038 Notes that were converted and issued 1,499,792 shares of our common stock to satisfy the conversion premium. In addition, we reclassified $34.5 million, representing the tax effect of the difference between the issue price of the notes and the conversion value from deferred tax liabilities to additional paid-in capital. On June 17, 2013, we paid $0.6 million to redeem the remaining 2033 Notes and 2038 Notes that were not converted.
2032 Notes
In 2002, we issued $900 million of our 2032 Notes, of which $647.3 million have been repurchased and retired. The 2032 Notes are convertible only upon the occurrence of certain events, including: if our common stock trades above certain levels; if we effect extraordinary transactions, which includes the consummation of the Business Combination; if we mail a notice of redemption; or if the credit ratings assigned to the 2032 Notes are downgraded to BBB or lower by Standard & Poor's Rating Service or to Baa3 or lower by Moody’s Investors Service. These events would not result in an adjustment of the number of shares issuable upon conversion. Holders of the 2032 Notes have the right to put the notes back to us for cash on July 31 of each year and we have the right to redeem the notes for cash at any time on or after July 31, 2014. There are no events that accelerate the noteholders’ put rights.
If the 2032 Notes become convertible and the holders of our 2032 Notes exercise their conversion right, the conversion obligation is equal to a conversion value determined on the day of conversion, calculated by multiplying the share price at the close of business on that day by 18.313 shares (subject to any adjustments required by the Indenture governing the 2032 Notes). We satisfy the conversion value by paying the initial principal amount of the note in cash and the balance of the conversion value in cash or shares, at our option. The put obligation can only be satisfied in cash.
The 2032 Notes provided the noteholders with certain rights that we considered to be embedded derivatives. Embedded derivatives could be required to be bifurcated and accounted for separately from the underlying host instrument. The noteholders’ rights considered for bifurcation were: (1) an embedded conversion option to convert the bonds into shares of our common stock, (2) the right to put the 2032 Notes back to us for repurchase (noteholders' put right) and our agreement to not call the 2032 Notes except on certain specific dates (no call right) and (3) the right to collect contingent cash interest from us if certain criteria are met. The embedded derivatives, which were accounted for as described below, had no impact on the carrying value of the 2032 Notes and accordingly, the 2032 Notes are carried at their maturity value.
At issuance, the embedded conversion option qualified for the exception covering convertible debt in FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging and we are not required to separately account for the embedded conversion option. The embedded conversion option met the criteria and would, if converted, be accounted for in equity as if it was a freestanding derivative. We are not required to separately value and account for the noteholders’ put right and the no call right. These rights were considered to be clearly and closely related to the underlying 2032 Notes and are not contingently exercisable. Additionally, the debt was not issued with a substantial discount or premium. Lastly, the noteholders’ right to collect contingent cash interest is a derivative and is required to be marked to market value each reporting period with changes recorded in interest expense. The value of this right is primarily linked to the price of our common stock and not the debt host contract. Therefore, the right to collect contingent cash interest is not clearly and closely related to the 2032 Notes and is required to be accounted for separately.
If the market price of the 2032 Notes exceeds certain thresholds during any six month period February 1 to July 31 and August 1 to January 31, we may be required to pay contingent cash interest on the 2032 Notes. Our 2032 Notes accrue contingent interest for the periods August 1, 2013 to January 31, 2014 and February 1, 2014 to July 31, 2014. Contingent interest of $2.81 per $1,000 principal amount was paid on October 31, 2013 and is payable on January 31, 2014, April 30, 2014 and July 31, 2014. In the third quarter of 2013, we recorded a charge to interest expense of $2.8 million, representing the fair value of the contingent interest derivative. The contingent interest derivative is marked-to-market through results of operations each period and is included in other current liabilities in our balance sheet.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In 2004, our then outstanding convertible notes, including the 2032 Notes, were amended to include a provision to satisfy the conversion value by paying the principal amount of the notes in cash and the balance of the conversion option in cash or shares at our option. In prior years, as required by U.S. GAAP, we separately accounted for the liability and equity components of the notes by allocating the proceeds at the date of amendment of the notes between the liability and equity components and recording $47.5 million, $28.5 million after tax, of interest expense related to the equity conversion option over the expected life of the conversion option. The convertible notes, including the 2032 Notes, were issued at par (no discount or premium) and do not bear any interest. As a result, we concluded that absent any non-contractual supplemental interest payment the noteholders have no economic incentive to hold the notes past the contractual put dates. Therefore, the expected life of the conversion option was determined to be the period from amendment of the notes in 2004 to the first respective put date, or 1 year in the case of the 2032 Notes and 1.6 years in the case of the 2038 Notes. The amortization of the value of the conversion option was recorded as interest expense in those years.
From time to time, we have made non-contractual supplemental interest payments to holders of our Convertible Notes. Supplemental interest payments were amortized to interest expense ratably over the period to the next put date. No supplemental interest payments were paid during the three year period ended December 31, 2013.
Interest Expense
The components of interest expense for the three years ended December 31, 2013 were (in millions):
Long-term notes payable
$
174.7
$
156.2
$
125.8
Amortization of supplemental interest payments
5.9
6.7
10.0
Commercial paper
1.7
1.3
2.5
Fees
6.5
6.2
7.1
Other
8.4
9.3
12.7
$
197.2
$
179.7
$
158.1
Maturities
The stated maturities of our long-term notes payable and convertible debt at December 31, 2013 are (in millions):
$
0.4
-
1,000.1
-
-
Thereafter
3,002.7
$
4,003.2
8. Segment Reporting
Our wholly and partially owned agencies operate within the advertising, marketing and corporate communications services industry. These agencies are organized into agency networks, virtual client networks, regional reporting units and operating groups. Consistent with our fundamental business strategy, our agencies serve similar clients, in similar industries and, in many cases, the same clients across a variety of geographic regions. In addition, our agency networks have similar economic characteristics, including similar costs and long-term profit contribution. The main economic components of each agency are employee compensation and related costs and direct service costs and office and general costs which include rent and occupancy costs, technology costs and other overhead expenses. Therefore, given these similarities, we aggregate our operating segments, which are our five agency networks, into one reporting segment.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Revenue and long-lived assets and goodwill by geographic region as of and for the three years ended December 31, 2013 were (in millions):
Americas
EMEA
Asia Pacific
Revenue
$
8,597.1
$
4,407.4
$
1,580.0
Long-lived assets and goodwill
6,082.6
2,984.6
586.2
Revenue
$
8,375.8
$
4,285.0
$
1,558.6
Long-lived assets and goodwill
6,066.3
2,875.2
626.5
Revenue
$
8,018.1
$
4,491.0
$
1,363.4
Long-lived assets and goodwill
5,960.0
2,614.4
564.8
The Americas is composed of North America, which includes the United States, Canada and Puerto Rico, and Latin America, which includes Mexico. EMEA is composed of various Euro currency countries, the United Kingdom, other European countries that have not adopted the European Union Monetary standard, the Middle East and Africa. Asia Pacific is composed of Australia, China, India, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Singapore and other Asian countries.
9. Equity Method Investments
Income (loss) from our equity method investments was $15.9 million, $(15.0) million and $17.2 million for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively and our proportionate share in their net assets was $48.4 million and $69.1 million, at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Our equity method investments are not material to our results of operations or financial position and therefore, summarized financial information is not required to be presented.
In 2013 and 2012 we recorded a net impairment charge of $10.7 million and $29.2 million, respectively, to reduce the carrying value of our equity investment in Egypt to fair value. The civil unrest in Egypt, which has continued in 2013 even after democratic elections in 2012, affected the financial condition and prospects of our equity investment and we determined that an other-than-temporary impairment had occurred. Accordingly, we recorded an impairment charge in 2013 to reflect the reduction in value to our equity investment and record it at fair value at December 31, 2013. The measurement of fair value was based on significant unobservable estimates and assumptions (Level 3 inputs), including expected discounted cash flows. The estimates and assumptions included a weighted average cost of capital of 27% and 22% in 2013 and 2012, respectively, and an expected long-term growth rate of 5% for both years. The impairment charges are included in income (loss) from equity method investments in our income statement.
Effective February 1, 2011, we acquired a controlling interest in the Clemenger Group, our affiliate in Australia and New Zealand, increasing our equity ownership to 73.7% from 46.7%. In connection with this transaction we recorded a remeasurement gain of $123.4 million in 2011. Additionally, in 2011, we acquired a controlling interest in affiliates in India and Turkey increasing our equity ownership to 100% and 76%, respectively. In connection with these transactions, we recorded a remeasurement gain of $15.1 million.
The differences between the fair value of our shares at the acquisition dates and the carrying value of the investments prior to the acquisitions resulted in the remeasurement gains. The purchase prices were negotiated at fair value in arms-length transactions. In addition, we performed a valuation of the businesses and confirmed the fair values used to determine the remeasurement gains. We used the following valuation methodologies to confirm the fair values: the income approach which utilized discounted expected future cash flows, comparative market participant multiples of EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) and, when available, comparable transactions.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
10. Share-Based Compensation Plans
Share-based incentive awards are provided to employees under our 2013 Incentive Award Plan (“2013 Plan”). The 2013 Plan, which was approved by the shareholders on May 21, 2013, is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors ("Compensation Committee"). Awards under the 2013 Plan include stock options, restricted stock and other stock awards. The maximum number of shares of common stock that can be granted under the 2013 Plan is 33,040,000 shares, (i) less any stock options granted between January 1, 2013 and May 21, 2013 under the 2007 Incentive Award Plan (“2007 Plan”) on a one-for-one basis and all other awards granted between January 1, 2013 and May 21, 2013 under the 2007 Plan on a 3.5 share to one basis and (ii) plus any shares awarded under the 2013 Plan, 2007 Plan and any prior plan that were forfeited or expired. Stock option awards reduce the number of shares available for grant on a one-for-one basis. All other awards reduce the number of shares available for grant by 3.5 shares for every one share of common stock awarded. The terms of each award and the exercise date are determined by the Compensation Committee. The 2013 Plan does not permit the holder of an award to elect cash settlement under any circumstances. At December 31, 2013, there were 32,762,420 shares available for grant under the 2013 Plan. If all shares available for grant were for awards other than stock options, shares available for grant would be 9,360,691.
Share-based compensation expense was $86.3 million, $80.8 million and $74.5 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. At December 31, 2013, unamortized share-based compensation that will be expensed over the next five years is $257.2 million. We record a deferred tax asset for share-based compensation expense recognized for financial reporting that has not been deducted on our income tax return. If the actual tax deduction exceeds the deferred tax asset, the difference is recorded in additional paid-in capital (“APIC Pool”). If the actual tax deduction is less than the deferred tax asset and no APIC Pool exists, the difference is recorded in results of operations. To the extent that future tax deductions for share-based compensation are less than the deferred tax assets resulting from recording book share-based compensation expense, we expect to have a sufficient pool of excess tax benefits within the APIC Pool available to offset any potential future shortfalls.
Stock Options
The exercise price of stock option awards may not be less than 100% of the market price of our common stock on the grant date and the option term cannot exceed ten years from the grant date. Typically, stock option awards vest 30% per year for the first two years and are fully vested three years from the grant date. Generally, stock option exercises are settled with treasury shares.
Stock option activity for the three years ended December 31, 2013 was:
Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Shares
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Balance January 1
5,590,880
$25.72
18,301,409
$26.22
24,513,590
$26.64
Options granted
60,000
$70.68
60,000
$49.65
90,000
$45.05
Options exercised
(3,021,200
)
$26.01
(12,673,529
)
$26.47
(6,034,181
)
$28.17
Options (forfeited) reinstated
14,000
$23.40
(97,000
)
$35.98
(268,000
)
$27.15
Balance December 31
2,643,680
$26.39
5,590,880
$25.72
18,301,409
$26.22
Exercisable December 31
2,505,680
$24.67
5,333,880
$24.89
9,672,909
$27.85
Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2013 were:
Options Outstanding
Options Exercisable
Range of
Exercise Prices
Shares
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
Shares
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
$23.40
to
$29.99
2,337,680
5.2 years
$23.60
2,337,680
$23.60
$30.00
to
$44.99
163,000
6.7 years
$38.78
139,000
$37.97
$45.00
to
$59.99
83,000
8.2 years
$48.64
29,000
$47.37
$60.00
to
$70.68
60,000
9.9 years
$70.68
-
-
2,643,680
2,505,680
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The fair value of each grant was determined on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Black-Scholes assumptions (without adjusting for the risk of forfeiture and lack of liquidity) and the weighted average fair value per share for options granted were:
Expected option lives
5 years
5 years
5 years
Risk free interest rate
1.4%
0.8%
0.9
%
-
1.8%
Expected volatility
26.0%
29.5%
27.2
%
-
29.2%
Dividend yield
2.0%
3.1%
2.3
%
-
2.8%
Weighted average fair value per option granted
$14.50
$10.42
$9.57
Restricted Stock
Restricted stock activity for the three years ended December 31, 2013 was:
Balance January 1
7,241,490
6,038,978
3,026,086
Shares granted
706,900
2,515,127
4,274,807
Shares vested
(1,490,786
)
(981,737
)
(1,096,441
)
Shares forfeited
(366,907
)
(330,878
)
(165,474
)
Balance December 31
6,090,697
7,241,490
6,038,978
Weighted average grant date fair value of shares granted in the period
$60.98
$49.55
$44.51
Weighted average grant date fair value at December 31
$47.47
$45.34
$43.32
Restricted shares typically vest 20% per year, provided the employee remains employed by us and are fully vested five years from the grant date. Restricted shares may not be sold, transferred, pledged or otherwise encumbered until the forfeiture restrictions lapse. Under most circumstances, the employee forfeits the shares if employment ceases prior to the end of the restriction period.
Performance Restricted Stock Units
The Compensation Committee granted certain employees 413,909 performance restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) in 2011 (“2011 PRSUs”), 166,426 PRSUs in 2012 (“2012 PRSUs”) and 183,998 PRSUs in 2013 (“2013 PRSUs”). Each PRSU represents the right to receive one share of common stock on vesting. The ultimate number of PRSUs received by the employee depends on the Company's average return on equity over a three year period compared to the average return on equity of a peer group of four principal competitors over the same period. The 2011 PRSUs vest over five years and the 2012 and 2013 PRSUs vest over three years. One half of the 2011 PRSUs have a service only vesting condition and compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period. The other half of the 2011 PRSUs and all the 2012 and 2013 PRSUs have a service and performance vesting condition and compensation expense is recognized on a graded-vesting basis. Over the performance period, the recognition of compensation expense is adjusted upward or downward based on our estimate of the probability of achievement of the performance target for the portion of the awards subject to the performance vesting condition.
In 2013 and 2012, 41,391 shares and 41,387 shares, respectively, of the 2011 PRSUs subject to the service only vesting condition vested and were distributed to the employees. We assume that substantially all the PRSUs subject to the service and performance condition will vest.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PRSU activity of the three years ended December 31, 2013 was:
Shares
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Shares
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Shares
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance January 1
538,948
$
48.74
413,909
$
48.56
-
-
Granted
183,998
57.77
166,426
49.13
413,909
$
48.56
Distributed
(41,391
)
48.56
(41,387
)
48.56
-
-
Forfeited
-
-
-
-
-
-
Balance December 31
681,555
$
51.19
538,948
$
48.74
413,909
$
48.56
ESPP
We have an employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”) that enables employees to purchase our common stock through payroll deductions over each plan quarter at 95% of the market price on the last trading day of the plan quarter. Purchases are limited to 10% of eligible compensation as defined by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”). Employees purchased 175,002 shares, 189,307 shares and 161,929 shares in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, all of which were treasury shares, for which $9.9 million, $8.6 million and $7.0 million, respectively, was paid to us. At December 31, 2013, 9,191,376 shares are available for the ESPP.
11. Income Taxes
We file a consolidated U.S. income tax return and tax returns in various state and local jurisdictions. Our subsidiaries file tax returns in various foreign jurisdictions. Our principal foreign jurisdictions include the United Kingdom, France and Germany. The Internal Revenue Service has completed its examination of our federal tax returns through 2010. In addition, our subsidiaries’ tax returns in the United Kingdom, France and Germany have been examined through 2011, 2008 and 2008, respectively.
Income before income taxes for the three years ended December 31, 2013 was (in millions):
Domestic
$
629.4
$
683.5
$
581.0
International
1,031.5
976.1
968.0
$
1,660.9
$
1,659.6
$
1,549.0
Income tax expense (benefit) for the three years ended December 31, 2013 was (in millions):
Current:
Federal
$
246.3
$
163.3
$
158.6
State and local
30.6
40.1
14.4
International
336.5
298.3
239.5
613.4
501.7
412.5
Deferred:
Federal
0.3
41.7
83.6
State and local
(3.6
)
4.7
4.9
International
(44.9
)
(21.0
)
4.8
(48.2
)
25.4
93.3
$
565.2
$
527.1
$
505.8
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The reconciliation from the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate is:
Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate
35.0
%
35.0
%
35.0
%
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit
1.0
1.7
0.8
Reduction of tax on unremitted foreign earnings due to
legal reorganization
-
(1.3
)
-
Remeasurement gain Clemenger Group, tax rate differential
-
-
(2.6
)
International tax rate differentials
(3.0
)
(3.3
)
(1.4
)
Other
1.0
(0.3
)
0.9
Effective tax rate
34.0
%
31.8
%
32.7
%
Our effective tax rate increased to 34.0% in 2013 from 31.8% in 2012. Excluding the income tax effect of the merger expenses of $6.5 million, which reflects the estimated impact of the non-deductibility of a significant portion of the merger expenses, our effective tax rate for 2013 was 33.6%, which is consistent with our expected effective tax rate for 2013 and reflects the full year effect of the reduction in income tax expense resulting from the implementation of the legal reorganization in the Asia Pacific region, which occurred in 2012.
In 2012, income tax expense was reduced by $53 million, primarily resulting from a reduction in the deferred tax liabilities for unremitted foreign earnings of certain of our operating companies located in the Asia Pacific region, as well as lower statutory tax rates in other foreign jurisdictions. In an effort to support our continued expansion and pursue operational efficiencies in the Asia Pacific region, we completed a legal reorganization in certain countries within the region. As a result of the reorganization, our unremitted foreign earnings in the affected countries are subject to lower effective tax rates as compared to the U.S. statutory tax rate. Therefore we recorded a reduction in our deferred tax liabilities to reflect the lower tax rate that these earnings are subject to. The reduction in income tax expense was partially offset by a charge of approximately $16 million resulting from U.S. state and local tax accruals recorded for uncertain tax positions, net of U.S. federal income tax benefit.
Income tax expense for 2011 reflects a $39.5 million tax benefit related to charges incurred in connection with repositioning actions taken in 2011, a provision of $2.8 million related to the remeasurement gain from the acquisition of the controlling interest in Clemenger Group and a provision of $9.0 million for agreed upon adjustments to income tax returns that were under examination in 2011. The tax benefit on the repositioning actions was calculated based on the jurisdictions where the charges were incurred and reflects the likelihood that we will be unable to obtain a tax benefit for all charges incurred. The remeasurement gain resulting from the acquisition of the controlling interest in Clemenger Group created a difference between the book basis and tax basis of our investment. Because this basis difference is not expected to reverse, no deferred taxes were provided and the tax provision recorded represents the incremental U.S. tax on acquired historical unremitted earnings. The $9.0 million charge resulted from adjustments to U.S. income tax returns for calendar years 2005, 2006 and 2007 that were agreed upon and recorded in 2011.
Included in income tax expense was $1.6 million, $2.5 million and $2.8 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, of interest, net of tax benefit, and penalties related to tax positions taken on our tax returns. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the accrued interest and penalties were $11.5 million and $18.8 million, respectively.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2013 and 2012 were (in millions):
Deferred tax assets:
Compensation and severance
$
269.8
$
283.0
Tax loss and credit carryforwards
149.1
176.1
Basis differences from acquisitions
28.7
20.7
Basis differences from short-term assets and liabilities
28.2
31.8
Other
53.2
44.2
Deferred tax assets
529.0
555.8
Valuation allowance
(56.8
)
(47.8
)
Net deferred tax assets
$
472.2
$
508.0
Deferred tax liabilities:
Goodwill and intangible assets
$
673.3
$
635.2
Financial instruments
421.8
508.7
Unremitted foreign earnings
114.5
124.7
Basis differences from investments
(5.7
)
12.2
Deferred tax liabilities
$
1,203.9
$
1,280.8
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)
$
(731.7
)
$
(772.8
)
Substantially all the deferred tax liability for financial instruments at December 31, 2013 and 2012, relates to our Convertible Debt.
Our net deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2013 and 2012, were classified as follows (in millions):
Other current assets - Deferred taxes
$
100.9
$
160.2
Long-term deferred tax liabilities
(832.6
)
(933.0
)
$
(731.7
)
$
(772.8
)
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”) provided an election where qualifying cancellation of indebtedness income for debt reacquired in 2009 and 2010 can be deferred and included in taxable income ratably over the five taxable years beginning in 2014 and ending in 2018. In 2009 and 2010, we reacquired and retired $1,382.0 million of our Convertible Debt resulting in a tax liability of approximately $329 million that is included in the deferred tax liability for financial instruments. Under the ARRA, we expect to pay this liability during the deferral period beginning in 2014 and continuing through 2018. At December 31, 2013, we reclassified $66 million, which represents the payment due in 2014, from long-term deferred tax liabilities to current deferred tax liabilities.
In connection with the conversion of our 2033 Notes and 2038 Notes, we reclassified $52.7 million, representing the excess of the accreted value of the notes for income tax purposes over the conversion value, from deferred tax liabilities to current taxes payable. In addition, we reclassified $34.5 million, representing the tax effect of the difference between the issue price of the notes and the conversion value from deferred tax liabilities to additional paid-in capital. As of December 31, 2013, the tax liability from the conversion of the notes has been paid.
We have concluded that it is more likely than not that we will be able to realize our net deferred tax assets in future periods because results of future operations are expected to generate sufficient taxable income. The valuation allowance of $56.8 million and $47.8 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, relates to tax loss and credit carryforwards in the United States and international jurisdictions. Our tax loss and credit carryforwards for which there is no valuation allowance are available to us for periods ranging from 2019 to 2034, which is longer than the forecasted utilization of such carryforwards.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We have not provided for U.S. federal income and foreign withholding taxes on approximately $1.5 billion of cumulative undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries. We intend to indefinitely reinvest these undistributed earnings in our international operations. Accordingly, we currently have no plans to repatriate these funds. As such, we do not know the time or manner in which we would repatriate these funds. Because the time or manner of repatriation is uncertain, we cannot determine the impact of local taxes, withholding taxes and foreign tax credits associated with the future repatriation of such earnings and therefore cannot quantify the tax liability. We have provided $114.5 million of U.S. taxes, which are included in deferred tax liabilities, on cumulative undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries of approximately $2.1 billion that are not indefinitely reinvested. Changes in international tax rules or changes in U.S. tax rules and regulations covering international operations and foreign tax credits may affect our future reported financial results or the way we conduct our business.
A reconciliation of our unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2013 and 2012 is (in millions):
Balance January 1
$
188.6
$
157.8
Additions:
Current year tax positions
5.1
17.1
Prior year tax positions
0.4
27.3
Reduction of prior year tax positions
(31.4
)
(7.9
)
Settlements
(24.6
)
(0.2
)
Lapse of statute of limitations
(0.2
)
(6.0
)
Foreign currency translation
(0.1
)
0.5
Balance December 31
$
137.8
$
188.6
The majority of the liability for uncertain tax positions is included in long-term liabilities in our balance sheet. Approximately $58.7 million and $69.7 million of the liability for uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, would affect our effective tax rate upon resolution of the uncertain tax positions.
12. Pension and Other Postemployment Benefits
Defined Contribution Plans
Our domestic and international subsidiaries provide retirement benefits for their employees primarily through defined contribution profit sharing and savings plans. Contributions to these plans vary by subsidiary and have generally been in amounts up to the maximum percentage of total eligible compensation of participating employees that is deductible for income tax purposes. Contribution expense was $109.3 million, $113.5 million and $102.1 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
Certain of our subsidiaries sponsor noncontributory defined benefit pension plans. Two of our U.S. businesses and several of our non-U.S. businesses sponsor pension plans. These plans provide benefits to employees based on formulas recognizing length of service and earnings. The U.S. plans cover approximately 1,200 participants, are closed to new participants and do not accrue future benefit credits. The non-U.S. plans, which include plans required by local law, cover approximately 6,900 participants and are not covered by ERISA.
In addition, we have a Senior Executive Restrictive Covenant and Retention Plan (“Retention Plan”) for certain executive officers of Omnicom selected to participate by the Compensation Committee. The Retention Plan is a non-qualified deferred compensation severance plan that was adopted to secure non-competition, non-solicitation, non-disparagement and ongoing consulting services from such executive officers and to strengthen the retention aspect of executive officer compensation. The Retention Plan provides annual payments upon termination following at least seven years of service with Omnicom or its subsidiaries to the participants or to their beneficiaries. A participant’s annual benefit is payable for 15 consecutive calendar years following termination, but in no event prior to age 55. The annual benefit is equal to the lesser of (i) the participant’s final average pay times an applicable percentage, which is based upon the executive’s years of service as an executive officer, not to exceed 35% or (ii) $1.5 million, adjusted for cost-of-living not to exceed 2.5% per year. The Retention Plan is unfunded and benefits will be paid when due.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The components of net periodic benefit cost for the three years ended December 31, 2013 were (in millions):
Service cost
$
4.6
$
6.6
$
5.8
Interest cost
7.3
7.6
6.5
Expected return on plan assets
(3.7
)
(3.5
)
(3.5
)
Amortization of prior service cost
3.6
3.1
3.1
Amortization of actuarial (gains) losses
3.5
1.0
0.3
$
15.3
$
14.8
$
12.2
Included in accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2013 and 2012 were unrecognized actuarial gains and losses and unrecognized prior service cost of $68.6 million, $42.3 million net of tax, and $90.3 million, $55.5 million net of tax, respectively, that have not yet been recognized in net periodic benefit cost. The unrecognized actuarial gains and losses and unrecognized prior service cost included in accumulated other comprehensive income and expected to be recognized in net periodic benefit cost in 2014 is $6.6 million.
The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the three years ended December 31, 2013 were:
Discount rate
3.9
%
4.6
%
5.1
%
Compensation increases
1.6
%
1.8
%
1.6
%
Expected return on plan assets
5.3
%
6.0
%
6.2
%
The expected long-term rate of return for plan assets for our U.S. plans is based on several factors, including current and expected asset allocations, historical and expected returns on various asset classes and current and future market conditions. A total return investment approach using a mix of equities and fixed income investments maximizes the long-term return. This strategy is intended to minimize plan expense by achieving long-term returns in excess of the growth in plan liabilities over time. The discount rate used to compute net periodic benefit cost is based on yields of available high-quality bonds and reflects the expected cash flow as of the measurement date.
The expected returns on plan assets and discount rates for our non-U.S. plans are based on local factors, including each plan’s investment approach, local interest rates and plan participant profiles.
Experience gains and losses and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions are generally amortized over a period no longer than the expected average future service of active employees.
Our funding policy is to contribute amounts sufficient to meet minimum funding requirements in accordance with the applicable employee benefit and tax laws that the plans are subject to, plus such additional amounts as we may determine to be appropriate. We contributed $5.5 million, $9.1 million, $7.8 million to our defined benefit pension plans in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. We do not expect our 2014 contributions to differ materially from our 2013 contributions.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the benefit obligation, fair value of plan assets and the funded status of our defined benefit pension plans were (in millions):
Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation January 1
$
188.4
$
146.3
Service cost
4.6
6.6
Interest cost
7.3
7.6
Amendments, curtailments and settlements
7.6
-
Actuarial (gains) losses
(18.0
)
30.5
Benefits paid
(5.1
)
(4.7
)
Foreign currency translation and other
0.9
2.1
Benefit obligation December 31
$
185.7
$
188.4
Fair Value of Plan Assets
Fair value of assets January 1
$
62.7
$
50.5
Actual return on plan assets
8.1
6.5
Employer contributions
5.5
9.1
Benefits paid
(5.1
)
(4.7
)
Foreign currency translation and other
1.0
1.3
Fair value of plan assets December 31
$
72.2
$
62.7
Funded Status December 31
$
(113.5
)
$
(125.7
)
At December 31, 2013 and 2012 the funded status was classified as follows (in millions):
Other assets
$
5.6
$
3.5
Other current liabilities
(1.1
)
(1.4
)
Long-term liabilities
(118.0
)
(127.8
)
$
(113.5
)
$
(125.7
)
The accumulated benefit obligation for our defined benefit pension plans at December 31, 2013 and 2012, was $173.0 million and $176.5 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, plans with benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were (in millions):
Benefit obligation
$
143.1
$
168.8
Plan assets
24.0
39.6
$
119.1
$
129.2
The weighted average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation at December 31, 2013 and 2012, were:
Discount rate
4.4
%
3.7
%
Compensation increases
1.6
%
1.7
%
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
At December 31, 2013, the estimated benefits expected to be paid over the next 10 years are (in millions):
$
4.6
6.6
6.5
6.6
7.7
2019 - 2023
61.9
The fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2013 and 2012 was (in millions):
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Cash
$
2.1
$
2.1
Mutual funds
42.5
42.5
Unit trusts
23.3
23.3
Insurance contracts
$
3.4
3.4
Other
$
0.9
0.9
$
67.9
$
0.9
$
3.4
$
72.2
Cash
$
2.3
$
2.3
Mutual funds
36.8
36.8
Unit trusts
20.6
20.6
Insurance contracts
$
2.9
2.9
Other
$
0.1
0.1
$
59.7
$
0.1
$
2.9
$
62.7
Mutual funds and unit trusts are publicly traded and are valued using quoted market prices. The mutual funds and unit trusts include investments in equity and fixed income securities. Insurance contracts primarily consist of guaranteed investment contracts. Other investments primarily consist of commingled short-term investment funds.
Changes in the fair value of plan assets measured using Level 3 inputs at December 31, 2013 and 2012, were (in millions):
Balance January 1
$
2.9
$
1.7
Actual return on assets
0.1
0.1
Purchases, sales and settlements, net
0.4
1.1
Balance December 31
$
3.4
$
2.9
The weighted average asset allocations at December 31, 2013 and 2012 were:
Target
Allocation
Actual
Allocation
Actual
Allocation
Cash
%
%
%
Mutual funds
%
%
%
Unit trusts
%
%
%
Insurance contracts
%
%
%
Other
%
%
-
%
%
%
%
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Risk tolerance for these plans is established through consideration of plan liabilities, funded status and evaluation of the overall investment environment. The investment portfolios contain a diversified blend of equity and fixed-income investments. Equity investments are diversified across geography and market capitalization through investment in large and medium capitalization U.S. and international equities and U.S. and international debt securities. Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through annual liability measurements, and periodic asset/liability studies and investment portfolio reviews.
Postemployment Arrangements
We have executive retirement agreements under which benefits will be paid to participants or to their beneficiaries over periods up to ten years beginning after cessation of full-time employment. Our postemployment arrangements are unfunded and benefits are paid when due.
The components of net periodic benefit cost for the three years ended December 31, 2013 were (in millions):
Service cost
$
4.1
$
4.1
$
3.9
Interest cost
4.3
4.7
4.7
Amortization of prior service cost
1.9
0.7
0.6
Amortization of actuarial (gains) losses
1.5
2.0
2.1
$
11.8
$
11.5
$
11.3
Included in accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2013 and 2012 were unrecognized actuarial gains and losses and unrecognized prior service cost of $44.2 million, $26.5 million net of income taxes, and $57.2 million, $34.3 million net of income taxes, respectively, that have not yet been recognized in the net periodic benefit cost. The unrecognized actuarial gains and losses and unrecognized prior service cost included in accumulated other comprehensive income and expected to be recognized in net periodic benefit cost in 2014 is $3.0 million.
The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the three years ended December 31, 2013 were:
Discount rate
4.1
%
4.9
%
5.0
%
Compensation increases
3.5
%
3.5
%
3.5
%
Experience gains and losses and effects of changes in actuarial assumptions are amortized over a period no longer than the expected average future service of active employees.
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the benefit obligation was (in millions):
Benefit obligation January 1
$
118.7
$
105.2
Service cost
4.1
4.1
Interest cost
4.3
4.7
Plan Amendments
2.8
-
Actuarial (gains) losses
(12.3
)
15.0
Benefits paid
(13.4
)
(10.3
)
Benefit obligation December 31
$
104.2
$
118.7
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
At December 31, 2013 and 2012, the liability was classified as follows (in millions):
Other current liabilities
$
9.3
$
9.9
Long-term liabilities
94.9
108.8
$
104.2
$
118.7
The weighted average assumptions used to determine the benefit obligation at December 31, 2013 and 2012, were:
Discount rate
4.7
%
3.7
%
Compensation increases
3.5
%
3.5
%
At December 31, 2013, the estimated benefits expected to be paid over the next 10 years are (in millions):
$
9.3
9.0
9.0
7.3
6.8
2019 - 2023
25.6
13. Supplemental Cash Flow Data
The change in operating capital for the three years ended December 31, 2013 was (in millions):
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable
$
244.8
$
(218.7
)
$
(471.4
)
(Increase) decrease in work in process and other current assets
(354.5
)
4.8
(53.2
)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable
143.5
127.8
262.7
Increase (decrease) in customer advances and other current liabilities
252.6
(151.8
)
(4.5
)
Change in other assets and liabilities, net
64.9
263.1
295.6
$
351.3
$
25.2
$
29.2
Income taxes paid
$
472.4
$
321.1
$
365.4
Interest paid
$
192.8
$
165.5
$
153.9
In connection with the conversion of our 2033 Notes and our 2038 Notes in May 2013, we issued 1,499,792 shares of our common stock to satisfy the conversion premium. Based on the closing prices of our common stock on the settlement dates, these issuances resulted in a non-cash pre-tax financing activity of $95.4 million, excluding the cash tax benefit of $34.5 million.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
14. Noncontrolling Interests
Changes in our ownership interests in our less than 100% owned subsidiaries during the three years ended December 31, 2013, were (in millions):
Net income attributed to Omnicom Group Inc.
$
991.1
$
998.3
$
952.6
Transfers (to) from noncontrolling interests:
Increase in additional paid-in capital from sale of shares in noncontrolling interests
5.2
2.6
4.8
Decrease in additional paid-in capital from purchase of shares in noncontrolling interests
(22.0
)
(30.7
)
(37.6
)
Net transfers (to) from noncontrolling interests
(16.8
)
(28.1
)
(32.8
)
Changes in net income attributed to Omnicom Group Inc. and
transfers (to) from noncontrolling interests
$
974.3
$
970.2
$
919.8
15. Leases
We lease substantially all our office space under operating leases and certain equipment under operating and capital leases that expire at various dates. Office leases may provide for additional renewal periods at our option. In circumstances where the exercise of the renewal option is reasonably assured at the inception of the lease, the renewal period is included in the determination of the lease term. Additionally, office leases may include scheduled rent increases and concessions, such as rent abatements and landlord incentives and tenant improvement allowances. Scheduled rent increases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Concessions are recorded as deferred rent and are amortized to rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain office leases require payment of real estate taxes and other occupancy costs. These costs are not included in rent expense. Leasehold improvements made at inception or during the lease term are amortized over the shorter of the asset life or the lease term, which may include renewal periods where the renewal is reasonably assured.
Rent expense for the three years ended December 31, 2013, was (in millions):
Office base rent
$
379.9
$
390.5
$
381.6
Less third party sublease rent
10.6
10.4
12.8
Net office rent
369.3
380.1
368.8
Equipment rent
33.1
36.3
42.7
$
402.4
$
416.4
$
411.5
Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating and capital leases, reduced by third party sublease rent receivable from existing non-cancelable subleases, are (in millions):
Operating Leases
Capital Leases
Gross
Rent
Less
Sublease Rent
Net
Rent
Minimum
Lease Payments
$
380.4
$
8.6
$
371.8
$
22.8
268.7
4.0
264.7
15.7
195.3
1.6
193.7
8.6
139.1
1.5
137.6
4.6
111.2
0.4
110.8
3.3
Thereafter
302.9
-
302.9
2.4
$
1,397.6
$
16.1
$
1,381.5
Total minimum lease payments
57.4
Less interest component
2.0
Present value of minimum lease payments
$
55.4
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Property under capital lease and capital lease obligations as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 were (in millions):
Property under capital lease:
Cost
$
134.0
$
126.3
Accumulated depreciation
(80.5
)
(71.3
)
$
53.5
$
55.0
Capital lease obligations:
Current
$
22.2
$
23.4
Long-term
33.2
33.9
$
55.4
$
57.3
Depreciation expense for property under capital lease was $26.4 million, $25.9 million and $25.0 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
16. Temporary Equity - Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Owners of noncontrolling equity interests in some of our subsidiaries have the right in certain circumstances to require us to purchase all or a portion of their equity interests at fair value as defined in the applicable agreements. Assuming that the subsidiaries perform over the relevant periods at their current profit levels, at December 31, 2013, the aggregate estimated maximum amount we could be required to pay in future periods is $202.0 million, of which $110.1 million is currently exercisable by the holders. If these rights are exercised, there would be an increase in the net income attributable to Omnicom as a result of our increased ownership interest and the reduction of net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. The ultimate amount paid could be significantly different because the redemption amount is primarily dependent on the future results of operations of the subject businesses, the timing of the exercise of these rights and changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
17. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
A putative class action challenging the merger was filed on August 5, 2013 on behalf of Omnicom shareholders in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County. The action, entitled Ansfield v. Wren, et al., names as defendants Omnicom and its board of directors, as well as Publicis and HoldCo. It alleges that the members of the Omnicom board breached their fiduciary duties by, among other things, approving a merger that is purportedly detrimental to Omnicom’s shareholders. The action also alleges that Publicis aided and abetted the Omnicom board’s breach of their fiduciary duties. The action seeks an injunction barring or rescinding the Business Combination, damages and attorneys’ fees and costs.
Two additional purported class actions were subsequently filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County: Lee v. Omnicom Group, et al., filed on August 14, 2013, and Fultz v. Crawford et al., filed on August 20, 2013. Both of these actions name as defendants Omnicom and its board of directors, as well as Publicis, and make substantially the same allegations and seek substantially the same relief as the Ansfield case.
On August 19, 2013, plaintiffs in the Ansfield and Lee actions filed a motion to consolidate those actions with each other and with all subsequently filed or transferred actions arising out of the same facts and circumstances, to select plaintiffs as lead plaintiffs and to approve plaintiffs’ selection of counsel as co-lead counsel. On October 3, 2013, plaintiffs in all three cases asked the Court to consolidate the three cases, and to approve lead plaintiffs and plaintiffs’ selection of counsel as co-lead counsel.
On October 24, 2013, the Court approved plaintiffs’ motion to consolidate the Ansfield, Lee, and Fultz actions with each other and with all subsequently filed or transferred actions arising out of the same facts and circumstances under the caption: In re Omnicom Group Inc. Shareholder Litigation, Index No. 652737/2013, and in the same order appointed co-lead counsel. On October 29, 2013, the Court approved the parties’ stipulation requiring plaintiffs to file an amended complaint within three weeks after HoldCo files a preliminary proxy statement/prospectus.
Omnicom believes the consolidated lawsuit is without merit and intends to defend vigorously against it. Due to the inherent uncertainties of such matters, and because discovery is not yet completed, we are unable to predict potential outcomes or estimate of the range of potential damages, if any. Management does not presently expect that the outcome of this matter will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position.
In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in various other legal proceedings. We do not presently expect that these other proceedings will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
18. Fair Value
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2013 and 2012 were (in millions):
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
2,710.5
$
2,710.5
Short-term investments
18.2
18.2
Available-for-sale securities
4.9
4.9
Forward foreign exchange contracts
$
2.2
2.2
Liabilities:
Forward foreign exchange contracts
$
0.1
$
0.1
Contingent interest derivative
2.1
2.1
Contingent purchase price obligations
$
220.2
220.2
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
2,678.3
$
2,678.3
Short-term investments
20.6
20.6
Available-for-sale securities
3.9
3.9
Forward foreign exchange contracts
$
0.5
0.5
Liabilities:
Contingent purchase price obligations
$
266.2
$
266.2
The changes in Level 3 contingent purchase price obligations for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 were (in millions):
Balance January 1
$
266.2
$
142.6
Acquisitions
35.8
165.2
Revaluation and interest
(10.9
)
(13.2
)
Payments
(70.5
)
(32.2
)
Foreign currency translation
(0.4
)
3.8
Balance December 31
$
220.2
$
266.2
The carrying amount and fair value of our financial instruments at December 31, 2013 and 2012 were (in millions):
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
2,710.5
$
2,710.5
$
2,678.3
$
2,678.3
Short-term investments
18.2
18.2
20.6
20.6
Forward foreign exchange contracts
2.2
2.2
0.5
0.5
Available-for-sale securities
4.9
4.9
3.9
3.9
Cost method investments
22.2
22.2
23.1
23.1
Liabilities:
Short-term borrowings
$
5.9
$
5.9
$
6.4
$
6.4
Forward foreign exchange contracts
0.1
0.1
-
-
Contingent interest derivative
2.1
2.1
-
-
Contingent purchase price obligations
220.2
220.2
266.2
266.2
Debt
4,033.8
4,302.7
4,448.9
4,857.3
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The estimated fair value of derivative positions in forward foreign exchange contracts is determined using model-derived valuations, taking into consideration market rates and counterparty credit risk. Forward foreign exchange contracts are included in other current assets and other current liabilities in our balance sheet at December 31, 2013 and in other current assets in our balance sheet at December 31, 2012. The estimated fair value of the contingent purchase price obligations is calculated in accordance with the terms of each acquisition agreement and are appropriately discounted. The fair value of debt is based on quoted market prices.
19. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
As a global service business, we operate in multiple foreign currencies and issue debt in the capital markets. In the normal course of business, we are exposed to foreign currency fluctuations and the impact of interest rate changes. We limit these risks through risk management policies and procedures, including the use of derivatives. For foreign currency exposure, derivatives are used as an economic hedge to better manage the cash flow volatility arising from foreign exchange rate fluctuations. For interest rate exposure, derivatives have been used to manage the related cost of debt.
As a result of using derivative instruments, we are exposed to the risk that counterparties to derivative contracts will fail to meet their contractual obligations. To mitigate counterparty credit risk, we have a policy of only entering into contracts with carefully selected major financial institutions based on specific minimum credit standards and other factors.
We evaluate the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and other relevant market risks on our derivative instruments. We periodically determine the potential loss from market risk on our derivative instruments by performing a value-at-risk ("VaR") analysis. VaR is a statistical model that utilizes historical currency exchange and interest rate data to measure the potential impact on future earnings of our derivative financial instruments assuming normal market conditions. The VaR model is not intended to represent actual losses but is used as a risk estimation and management tool. Based on the results of the model, we estimate with 95% confidence a maximum one-day loss in fair value on our derivative financial instruments at December 31, 2013 was not material.
Foreign Exchange Risk
Our regional treasury centers in North America, Europe and Asia centralize and manage our cash. As an integral part of our treasury operations, we use multicurrency pool arrangements to manage the foreign exchange risk between subsidiaries and the treasury centers from which they borrow or invest funds. In certain circumstances, instead of using a multicurrency pool, operations can borrow or invest on an intercompany basis with a treasury center operating in a different currency. To manage the foreign exchange risk associated with these transactions, we use forward foreign exchange contracts. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $207.0 million and $181.5 million, respectively, mitigating the foreign exchange risk of the intercompany borrowing and investment activities. Additionally, the treasury centers use forward foreign exchange contracts to mitigate the foreign currency risk associated with activities when revenue and expenses are not denominated in the same currency. In these instances, amounts are promptly settled or hedged with forward foreign exchange contracts. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $56.2 million and $63.6 million, respectively, mitigating the foreign exchange risk related to these activities. See Note 18 for a discussion of the fair value of these instruments. The terms of our forward contracts are generally less than 90 days. The changes in the fair value of these contracts and of the underlying exposures generally offset and are included in our results of operations. By using these financial instruments, we reduced financial risk of adverse foreign exchange changes by foregoing any gain (reward) which might have occurred if the markets moved favorably.
Interest Rate Risk
From time to time, we have issued debt in the capital markets. In prior years we have used interest rate swaps to manage our overall interest cost. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, there were no interest rate swaps outstanding.
20. New Accounting Standards
On January 1, 2013, we adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2013-01, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities (“ASU 2013-01”). ASU 2013-01 amended existing guidance by requiring additional disclosure about financial instruments and derivative instruments that are either (1) offset in the statement of financial position or (2) subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement. ASU 2013-01 requires retrospective disclosure for all comparative periods. The adoption of ASU 2013-01 did not have a significant impact on our financial position or financial statement disclosure.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-05, Foreign Currency Matters (Topic 830): Parents Accounting for Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity (“ASU 2013-05”). Under ASU 2013-05 when: (1) a parent sells an investment in a foreign entity and ceases to have a controlling interest in that foreign entity or a foreign subsidiary disposes of substantially all of its assets or (2) control of a foreign entity is obtained in which it held an equity interest before the acquisition date, the cumulative translation adjustment should be released into net income. ASU 2013-05 is effective prospectively for annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2014, but early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2013-05 did not have a significant impact on our results of operations or financial position.
In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-11, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists (“ASU 2013-11”). ASU 2013-11 eliminates a diversity in practice regarding the presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carryforward or a tax credit carryforward exists. ASU 2013-11 is effective prospectively for annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2014, but early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2013-11 did not have a significant impact on our results of operations or financial position.
21. Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2013 were (in millions):
Unrealized
Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Securities
Defined Benefit Pension and Postemployment Plans
Foreign Currency Translation
Total
Balance January 1
$
(2.0
)
$
(89.8
)
$
(37.7
)
$
(129.5
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
0.4
-
(83.5
)
(83.1
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
-
21.0
-
21.0
Other comprehensive income (loss)
0.4
21.0
(83.5
)
(62.1
)
Balance December 31
$
(1.6
)
$
(68.8
)
$
(121.2
)
$
(191.6
)
Reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the year ended December 31, 2013 were (in millions):
Amortization of defined benefit pension and postemployment plans:
Prior service cost
$
5.5
Actuarial (gains) losses
5.0
Net periodic benefit cost (see Note 12)
10.5
Income tax expense
4.2
Net of tax
$
6.3
22. Subsequent Events
We have evaluated events subsequent to the balance sheet date and determined there have not been any events that have occurred that would require adjustment to or disclosure in our financial statements.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited)
(In millions, except per share amounts)
The Company’s unaudited quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 were:
Quarter
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Revenue
$
3,398.9
$
3,637.0
$
3,490.5
$
4,058.1
3,307.3
3,561.0
3,406.6
3,944.5
Operating Expenses (a)
3,027.2
3,114.0
3,111.1
3,506.9
2,944.8
3,054.6
3,019.3
3,396.5
Operating Income
371.7
523.0
379.4
551.2
362.5
506.4
387.3
548.0
Net Income - Omnicom Group Inc.
205.1
289.5
196.0
300.5
204.6
282.7
203.9
307.1
Net Income Per Share Omnicom Group Inc. - Basic
0.76
1.09
0.74
1.14
0.73
1.03
0.75
1.13
Net Income Per Share Omnicom Group Inc. - Diluted
0.76
1.09
0.74
1.13
0.72
1.02
0.74
1.13
__________
(a) Operating Expenses for the third and fourth quarters of 2013 include expenses we incurred in connection with the proposed merger with Publicis, which are primarily comprised of professional fees of $28.1 million ($21.7 million net of income taxes) and $13.3 million ($13.2 million net of income taxes), respectively.
OMNICOM GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
For the Three Years Ended December 31, 2013
(In millions)
Description
Balance at
Beginning
of Period
Charged
to Costs
and Expenses
Removal of
Uncollectible
Receivables
Translation
Adjustments
(Increase) Decrease
Balance at
End of
Period
Valuation accounts deducted from assets:
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:
December 31, 2013
$
35.9
$
9.7
$
12.8
$
0.2
$
32.6
December 31, 2012
40.6
11.4
16.5
(0.4
)
35.9
December 31, 2011
46.7
8.1
13.2
1.0
40.6
S-1