MURPHY OIL CORP /DE
Item 1. BUSINESS
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Summary
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Murphy Oil Corporation is a worldwide oil and gas exploration and production company. As used in this report, the terms Murphy, Murphy Oil, we, our, its and Company may refer to Murphy Oil Corporation or any one or more of its consolidated subsidiaries.
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The Company was originally incorporated in Louisiana in 1950 as Murphy Corporation. It was reincorporated in Delaware in 1964, at which time it adopted the name Murphy Oil Corporation, and was reorganized in 1983 to operate primarily as a holding company of its various businesses. For reporting purposes, Murphy’s exploration and production activities are subdivided into four geographic segments, including the United States, Canada, Malaysia and all other countries. Additionally, “Corporate” activities include interest income, interest expense, foreign exchange effects and administrative costs not allocated to the segments. The Company’s corporate headquarters are located in El Dorado, Arkansas.
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The Company has transitioned from an integrated oil company to an enterprise entirely focused on oil and gas exploration and production activities. The Company completed the sale of the remaining downstream assets in the United Kingdom (U.K.) during 2015 after selling its U.K. retail marketing assets during 2014.
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At December 31, 2016, Murphy had 1,294 employees.
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In addition to the following information about each business activity, data about Murphy’s operations, properties and business segments, including revenues by class of products and financial information by geographic area, are provided on pages 22 through 40, 70 thru 72, 103 through 114 and 116 of this Form 10-K report.
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Interested parties may obtain the Company’s public disclosures filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including Form 10-K, Form 10-Q, Form 8-K and other documents, by accessing the Investor Relations section of Murphy Oil Corporation’s Web site at www.murphyoilcorp.com.
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Exploration and Production
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The Company explores for and produces crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids worldwide. The Company’s exploration and production management team directs the Company’s worldwide exploration and production activities. This business maintains upstream operating offices in several locations around the world, with the most significant of these including Houston, Texas, Calgary, Alberta, and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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During 2016, Murphy’s principal exploration and production activities were conducted in the United States by wholly owned Murphy Exploration & Production Company - USA (Murphy Expro USA), in Malaysia, Australia, Brunei, and Vietnam by wholly owned Murphy Exploration & Production Company - International (Murphy Expro International) and its subsidiaries, and in Western Canada and offshore Eastern Canada by wholly-owned Murphy Oil Company Ltd. (MOCL) and its subsidiaries. Murphy’s hydrocarbon production in 2016 was in the United States, Canada and Malaysia.
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In May 2016, MOCL acquired a 70% operated working interest in certain Kaybob Duvernay assets and a 30% non-operated working interest in certain liquids rich Placid Montney assets in Alberta. In a separate transaction in April 2016, MOCL completed its divestiture of natural gas processing and sales pipeline assets that support Murphy’s Montney natural gas fields in the Tupper area in northeastern British Columbia. In June 2016, MOCL completed the sale of its 5% undivided interest in Syncrude Canada Ltd. (“Syncrude”), and in January 2017, the Company completed the sale of its Seal heavy oil field in Western Canada. In December 2014, the Company sold 20% of its interests in Malaysia; a further sale of an additional 10% of its interests in Malaysia was completed in January 2015.
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Unless otherwise indicated, all references to the Company’s oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas production volumes and proved crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas reserves are net to the Company’s working interest excluding applicable royalties. Also, unless otherwise indicated, references to oil throughout this document could include crude oil, condensate and natural gas liquids where applicable volumes include a combination of these products.
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Murphy’s worldwide crude oil and condensate production in 2016 averaged 103,400 barrels per day, a decrease of 18% compared to 2015. The decrease in 2016 was primarily due to the Syncrude divestiture, lower crude oil and condensate production in the Eagle Ford Shale area of South Texas mainly due to significantly less development spending, lower production in the Seal heavy oil field due to normal decline and shut-in of uneconomic wells, and lower production in Malaysia resulting from normal decline. Natural gas liquids produced in 2016 averaged 9,200 barrels per day, a 10% drop versus 2015. The Company’s worldwide sales volume of natural gas averaged 378 million cubic feet (MMCF) per day in 2016, down 12% from 2015 levels. The decrease in natural gas sales volume in 2016 was primarily attributable to lower gas production volumes in the Gulf of Mexico at the Company’s Dalmatian field, lower production in Malaysia due to higher unplanned downtime, lower entitlement at Sarawak and more gas injection at Kikeh, partially offset by higher gas production in the Tupper area in Western Canada. Total worldwide 2016 production on a barrel of oil equivalent basis (six thousand cubic feet of natural gas equals one barrel of oil) was approximately 175,600 barrels per day, a decrease of 15% compared to 2015.
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Total production in 2017 is currently expected to be average between 162,000 and 168,000 boepd. The projected production decrease in 2017 is primarily due to the Syncrude divestiture in 2016, recently announced disposition of the Seal heavy oil field in Western Canada in January 2017, normal declines in Gulf of Mexico and Malaysia, lower entitlement for production offshore Sarawak, Malaysia and an expected reduction following the recent approval of the working interest redetermination, in the non-operated Kakap-Gumusut field in Malaysia.
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United States
In the United States, Murphy primarily has production of crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas from fields in the Eagle Ford Shale area of South Texas and in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The Company produced approximately 56,500 barrels of crude oil and gas liquids per day and approximately 53 MMCF of natural gas per day in the U.S. in 2016. These amounts represented 50% of the Company’s total worldwide oil and gas liquids and 14% of worldwide natural gas production volumes.
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The Company holds rights to approximately 151 thousand gross acres in South Texas in the Eagle Ford Shale unconventional oil and gas play. Total 2016 liquids and natural gas production in the Eagle Ford area was 42,800 barrels of oil and liquids per day and approximately 36 MMCF per day of natural gas, respectively. On a barrel of oil equivalent basis, Eagle Ford production accounted for 75% of total U.S. production volumes in 2016. In 2017, production in the Eagle Ford Shale is forecast to improve slightly and average approximately 44,000 barrels of oil and gas liquids per day and 32 MMCF of natural gas per day. At December 31, 2016, the Company’s proved reserves in the Eagle Ford Shale area totaled 181.7 million barrels of crude oil, 33.5 million barrels of natural gas liquids, and 164 billion cubic feet of natural gas.
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During 2016, approximately 25% of total U.S. hydrocarbon production was produced at fields in the Gulf of Mexico. Approximately 82% of Gulf of Mexico production in 2016 was derived from five fields, including Dalmatian, Medusa, Kodiak, Front Runner and Thunder Hawk. The Company holds a 70% operated working interest in Dalmatian in DeSoto Canyon Blocks 4, 48 and 134, a 60% operated interest in Medusa in Mississippi Canyon Blocks 538/582, a 29.1% non-operated interest in Kodiak in Mississippi Canyon Blocks 727/771, and 62.5% operated working interests in the Front Runner field in Green Canyon Blocks 338/339 and the Thunder Hawk field in Mississippi Canyon Block 734. Total daily production in the Gulf of Mexico in 2016 was 13,700 barrels of liquids and approximately 17 MMCF of natural gas. Production in the Gulf of Mexico in 2017 is expected to total approximately 11,500 barrels of oil and gas liquids per day and 14 MMCF of natural gas per day. At December 31, 2016, Murphy has total proved reserves for Gulf of Mexico fields of 35.7 million barrels of oil and gas liquids and 55 billion cubic feet of natural gas. Total U.S. proved reserves at December 31, 2016 were 214.4 million barrels of crude oil, 36.5 million barrels of natural gas liquids, and 219 billion cubic feet of natural gas.
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Canada
In Canada, the Company holds one wholly-owned natural gas area (Tupper) in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) together with working interests in the Kaybob Duvernay and liquids rich Placid Montney lands. In the fourth quarter 2016, the Company entered into an agreement to sell its wholly-owned Seal field located in the Peace River oil sands area of northwest Alberta. This sale was completed in January 2017 and the Company received net proceeds, pending any normal post-closing adjustments, of approximately $49.0 million. The Company has 107 thousand net acres of Tupper Montney mineral rights located in northeast British Columbia. In 2016, the Company completed its transaction to divest natural gas processing and sales pipeline assets that support Murphy’s Montney natural gas fields in the Tupper area. Total cash consideration received by Murphy upon closing of the transaction was $414.1 million. During 2016, the Company acquired a 70% operated working interest in Kaybob Duvernay lands and a 30% non-operated working interest in liquids rich Placid Montney lands in Alberta. In addition, the Company owns interests in two non-operated assets - the Hibernia and Terra Nova fields offshore Newfoundland in the Jeanne d’Arc Basin. Daily production in 2016 in the WCSB averaged 4,000 barrels of mostly heavy oil and approximately 209 MMCF of natural gas. Oil and natural gas daily production for 2017 in Western
Canada, is expected to average 3,700 barrels and approximately 225 MMCF, respectively. The decrease in oil production in 2017 arises from the January 2017 divestiture of the Seal area, partially offset by ramp-up of activity in the Kaybob Duvernay and Placid Montney areas acquired in mid-2016. The increase in natural gas volumes in 2017 is primarily the result of new wells brought on line in the Tupper area with improved performance and production from the areas acquired in 2016. Total WCSB proved liquids and natural gas reserves at December 31, 2016, were approximately 33.0 million barrels and 1.1 trillion cubic feet, respectively.
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Murphy has a 6.5% working interest in Hibernia, while at Terra Nova the Company’s working interest is 10.475%. Oil production in 2016 was about 8,700 barrels of oil per day for the two offshore Canada fields. Production increased in 2016 due to higher uptime at Hibernia. Oil production for 2017 for offshore Canada is anticipated to be approximately 8,900 barrels per day. Total proved oil reserves at December 31, 2016 for the two fields were approximately 21.5 million barrels.
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In the second quarter of 2016, Murphy sold its 5% interest in Syncrude Canada Ltd., a joint venture located about 25 miles north of Fort McMurray, Alberta and received net cash proceeds of $739.1 million. Syncrude utilizes its assets, which include three coking units, to extract bitumen from oil sand deposits and to upgrade this bitumen into a high-value synthetic crude oil. Production in 2016 was about 4,600 barrels of synthetic crude oil per day.
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Malaysia
In Malaysia, the Company has majority interests in eight separate production sharing contracts (PSCs). The Company serves as the operator of all these areas other than the unitized Kakap-Gumusut field. The production sharing contracts cover approximately 2.14 million gross acres. In December 2014 and January 2015, the Company sold 30% of its interest in most Malaysian oil and gas assets.
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Murphy has a 59.5% interest in oil and natural gas discoveries in two shallow-water blocks, SK 309 and SK 311, offshore Sarawak. Approximately 14,100 barrels of oil and gas liquids per day were produced in 2016 at Blocks SK 309/311. Oil and gas liquids production in 2017 at fields in Blocks SK 309/311 is anticipated to total about 12,800 barrels per day, with the reduction from 2016 primarily related to natural field decline. The Company has a gas sales contract for the Sarawak area with PETRONAS, the Malaysian state-owned oil company, and has an ongoing multi-phase development plan for several natural gas discoveries on these blocks. The gas sales contract allows for gross sales volumes of 250 MMCF per day through September 2021, but allows the Company to deliver higher sales volumes as requested. Total net natural gas sales volume offshore Sarawak was about 106 MMCF per day during 2016 (gross 248 MMCF per day). Sarawak net natural gas sales volumes are anticipated to be approximately 101 MMCF per day in 2017. Total proved reserves of liquids and natural gas at December 31, 2016 for Blocks SK 309/311 were 13.8 million barrels and approximately 164 billion cubic feet, respectively.
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At December 31, 2016, the Company had an 8.6% interest in the Kakap field in Block K Malaysia. The Kakap field in Block K was unitized with the Gumusut field in an adjacent block under a Unitization and Unit Operating Agreement (UUOA) between the owners. The Gumusut-Kakap Unit is operated by another company. Working interest redeterminations are required at different points within the life of the unitized field. In the fourth quarter 2016, the owners conducted the first redetermination process for a revision to the blocks’ tract participation interest, and the operator of the unitized field sought the approval of PETRONAS to effect the change in 2017. In 2016, the Company recorded an estimated redetermination expense of $39.1 million ($24.1 million after taxes) related to an expected reduction in the Company’s working interest covering the period from inception through year-end 2016 at Kakap. In February 2017, the Company received PETRONAS official approval to the redetermination change that reduces the Company’s working interest in oil operations to 6.67% effective at April 1, 2017. The Company expects to incur additional redetermination expense currently estimated at approximately $10 million before taxes during the first quarter of 2017 for the period from the beginning of the year until the redetermination effective adjustment date. The final redetermination adjustment will be settled in cash. The Company currently estimates that this working interest change will reduce its 2017 annual production by approximately 2,300 barrels per day, which has been considered in its previously communicated production guidance. The Siakap oil discovery was developed as a unitized area with the Petai field owned by others, and the combined development is operated by Murphy, with a tie-back to the Kikeh field with production beginning in 2014. Oil production at Block K averaged approximately 24,600 barrels per day during 2016. Oil production at Block K is anticipated to average approximately 20,100 barrels per day in 2017. The reduction in Block K Kikeh oil production in 2017 is primarily attributable to overall field decline and reduction in working interest at Kakap as described above. The Company has a Block K natural gas sales contract with PETRONAS that calls for gross sales volumes of up to 120 MMCF per day. Gas production in Block K will continue until the earlier of lack of available commercial quantities of associated gas reserves or expiry of the Block K production sharing contract. Natural gas production in Block K in 2016 totaled 10 MMCF per day. Daily gas production in 2017 in Block K is expected to average about 6 MMCF per day. Total proved reserves booked in Block K as of year-end 2016 were 52.3 million barrels of crude oil and about 26 billion cubic feet of natural gas.
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The Company also has an interest in deepwater Block H offshore Sabah. In early 2007, the Company announced a significant natural gas discovery at the Rotan well in Block H. The Company followed up Rotan with several other nearby discoveries. Following the partial sell down, Murphy’s interests in Block H range between 42% and 56%. Total gross acreage held by the Company at year-end 2016 in Block H was 679 thousand gross acres. In early 2014, PETRONAS and the Company sanctioned a Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) project for Block H, and agreed terms for sales of natural gas to be produced with prices tied to an oil index. First production is currently expected at Block H in 2020. At December 31, 2016, total natural gas proved reserves for Block H were approximately 349 billion cubic feet.
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The Company has a 42% interest in a gas holding area covering approximately 1,854 gross acres in Block P. This interest expires in January 2018.
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In May 2013, the Company acquired an interest in shallow-water Malaysia Block SK 314A. The PSC covers a
three-year exploration period. The Company’s working interest in Block SK 314A is 59.5%. This block includes 488 thousand gross acres. The Company has a 70% carry of a 15% partner in this concession through the minimum work program. The first two exploration wells were drilled in 2015 and the third well in 2016 for this block.
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In February 2015, the Company acquired a 50% interest in offshore Block SK 2C. The Company operates the block that carried one well commitment during the one-year initial exploration period. The exploration well was drilled in 2015 and the first exploration period was extended for a further eighteen months. In 2016, the Company elected not to enter the next exploration period. The block was relinquished with the exception of an application made for a gas holding area comprising the Paus gas and oil discovery. The Company holds an 80% working interest in the gas holding area application.
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Murphy has a 75% interest in gas holding agreements for Kenarong and Pertang discoveries made in Block PM 311 located offshore peninsular Malaysia. An application for an extension of a gas holding agreement was presented to PETRONAS in 2014, but the application was rejected. Due to the uncertainty of the future production of the gas discovered in Block PM 311, in 2014 the Company wrote off the prior-year well costs of $47.4 million related to Kenarong and Pertang. The Company has not included natural gas for Block PM 311 in its proved natural gas reserves.
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In February 2016, the Company acquired a 40% working interest in Block Deepwater SK2A PSC. The Company operates the block with a commitment to acquire and process new 3D seismic. The commitment was fulfilled during 2016. A decision to enter the next phase of the PSC, involving a one well commitment, will be made in the first half of 2017. This block includes 609 thousand gross acres.
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Australia
In Australia, the Company holds six offshore exploration permits and serves as operator of five of them.
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The first permit was acquired in 2007 with a 40% interest in Block AC/P36 in the Browse Basin. Murphy renewed the exploration permit for an additional five years and in that process relinquished 50% of the gross acreage; the license now covers 482 thousand gross acres and expires in 2019. In 2012, Murphy increased its working interest in the remaining acreage to 100% and subsequently farmed out a 50% working interest and operatorship. The existing work commitment for this license includes further geophysical work.
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In May 2012, Murphy was awarded permit WA-476-P in the Carnarvon Basin, offshore Western Australia. The Company holds 100% working interest in the permit which covers 177 thousand gross acres. The WA-476-P permit has a primary term work commitment consisting of seismic data purchase and geophysical studies, and all primary term commitments have been completed for this permit. This permit expires in 2018.
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The Company also acquired permit WA-481-P in the Perth Basin, offshore Western Australia, in August 2012. All commitments were fulfilled in 2015. In 2016, the Company’s working interest was sold to another company.
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The Company was awarded permit EPP43 in the Ceduna Basin, offshore South Australia, in October 2013. The Company operates the concession and holds a 50% working interest in the permit covering approximately 4.08 million gross acres. The exploration permit has commitments for 2D and 3D seismic, to which acquisition was completed in the first half of 2015. This permit expires in 2020.
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In April 2014 and June 2014, Murphy was awarded licenses AC/P57 and AC/P58 in the Vulcan Sub Basin, offshore Western Australia. The respective blocks cover approximately 82 thousand and 692 thousand gross acres,
respectively. These exploration permits cover six years each and require 3D seismic reprocessing and a gravity survey.
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In March 2015, Murphy was awarded the AC/P59 license, another acreage position in the Vulcan Sub Basin, offshore Western Australia. The block covers approximately 288 thousand gross acres. The exploration permit covers six years and requires 3D seismic reprocessing, which began in December 2015.
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In November 2012, Murphy acquired a 20% non-operated working interest in permit WA-408-P in the Browse Basin. The permit comprises approximately 417 thousand gross acres and expired in 2016. Two wells were drilled on the license in 2013. The first well found hydrocarbon but was deemed commercially unsuccessful and was written off to expense. The second well was also unsuccessful and costs were expensed in 2013.
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Brunei
In late 2010, the Company entered into two production sharing agreements for properties offshore Brunei. The Company had a 5% working interest in Block CA-1 and a 30% working interest in Block CA-2. In 2015, the Company exercised a preemptive right that increased its working interest in Block CA-1 to 8.051%. The CA-1 and CA-2 blocks cover 1.44 million and 1.49 million gross acres, respectively. Three successful gas wells were drilled in Block CA-1 in 2012 and three gas wells were successfully drilled in Block CA-2 in 2013. The partnership group is evaluating development options for these blocks.
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Vietnam
In November 2012, the Company signed a PSC with Vietnam National Oil and Gas Group and PetroVietnam Exploration Production Company, whereby it acquired 65% interest and operatorship of Blocks 144 and 145. The blocks cover approximately 6.56 million gross acres and are located in the outer Phu Khanh Basin. The Company acquired 2D seismic for these blocks in 2013 and undertook seabed surveys in 2015 and 2016.
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In June 2013, the Company acquired a 60% working interest and operatorship of Block 11-2/11 under a PSC. The block covers 677 thousand gross acres. The Company acquired 3D seismic and performed other geological and geophysical studies in this block in 2013. This concession carries a three-well commitment and the first exploration well was drilled in 2016.
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In June 2014, the Company farmed into Block 13-03. The Company formerly had a 20% working interest in this concession which covered 853 thousand gross acres. Murphy expensed an unsuccessful exploration well drilled in the block in 2014. The block was fully relinquished in 2016 and final government approval is pending.
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In August 2015, the Company signed a farm-in agreement to acquire 35% of Block 15-1/05 that is pending final government approval.
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Mexico
In December 2016, Murphy and joint venture partners were the high bidder on Block 5, which was offered as part of Mexico’s fourth phase, Round one deepwater auction (Round 1.4). Murphy expects to be formally awarded the block in early 2017. Upon government award, Murphy will be the operator of the Block with a 30% working interest. Block 5 is located in the deepwater Salinas basin covering approximately 2,600 square kilometers (1,000 square miles or 640,000 gross acres) and water depths in this block range from 700 to 1,100 meters (2,300 to 3,500 feet). The initial exploration period for the license is four years and includes a work program commitment of one well.
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Indonesia
In November 2011, the Company acquired a 100% interest in a PSC in the Semai IV block, offshore West Papua. The concession includes 655 thousand gross acres, and the agreement called for work commitments of seismic acquisition and processing, which have been fulfilled. The Company requested relinquishment of this license in 2015 and final government approval is pending.
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In November 2008, Murphy entered into a PSC in the Semai II block, offshore West Papua. The Company has a 28.3% interest in the block which covered about 543 thousand gross acres after a required partial relinquishment of acreage during 2012. 3D seismic was acquired in 2010 and three unsuccessful exploration wells have been drilled
in the block, which fulfilled the Company’s work commitment. The Company requested relinquishment of this license in 2014 and final government approval is pending.
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The Company has interests in two exploration licenses in Indonesia and serves as operator of these concessions. In December 2010, Murphy entered into a PSC in the Wokam II block, offshore West Papua, Moluccas and Papua. Murphy had a 100% interest in the block which covered 1.22 million gross acres. The three-year work commitment
called for seismic acquisition and processing, which the Company completed in 2013. The Company sold its working interest in the concession to another company in 2016.
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In May 2008, the Company entered into a production sharing agreement at a 100% interest in the South Barito
block in south Kalimantan on the island of Borneo. Following contractually mandated acreage relinquishment in 2012, the block covered approximately 745 thousand gross acres. The contract granted a six-year exploration term with an optional four-year extension. The Company requested relinquishment of this license in 2014 and received final government approval in 2016.
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Namibia
In March 2014, the Company acquired a 40% working interest and operatorship of Blocks 2613 A/B. The Company acquired the working interest through a farm-out arrangement under the existing petroleum agreement entered into in October 2011. The block encompasses 2.73 million gross acres with water depths ranging from 400 to 2,500 meters. In 2014, Murphy completed acquisition of a new 3D seismic survey over the block. Upon technical assessment of the seismic data, the Company has elected not to enter the next phase of the contract, which would carry a firm well commitment. The Company provided notice to the Namibian Regulator in 2016 that it will formally assign its interest to the remaining joint venture partner in 2016.
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Republic of the Congo
The Company formerly had an interest in a Production Sharing Agreement covering the Mer Profonde Sud (MPS) offshore block in Republic of the Congo. A producing field in MPS was shut down and ceased production in the fourth quarter of 2013 and abandonment operations were completed in 2014 at which time the Company exited the country.
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Ecuador - Discontinued Operations
Murphy sold its 20% working interest in Block 16, Ecuador in March 2009. In October 2007, the government of Ecuador passed a law that increased its share of revenue for sales prices that exceed a base price (about $23.36 per barrel at December 31, 2008) from 50% to 99%. The government had previously enacted a 50% revenue sharing rate in April 2006. The Company initiated arbitration proceedings against the government in one arbitral body claiming that the government did not have the right under the contract to enact the revenue sharing provision. In 2010, the arbitration panel determined that it lacked jurisdiction over the claim due to technicalities. The arbitration was refiled in 2011 before a different arbitral body and the arbitration hearing was held in late 2014. On February 10, 2017, the arbitration panel issued its final decision in this matter and awarded Murphy the sum of $31.3 million.
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Proved Reserves
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Total proved reserves for crude oil, synthetic oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas as of December 31, 2016 are presented in the following table.
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Murphy Oil’s total proved reserves and proved undeveloped reserves decreased during 2016 as presented in the table that follows:
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During 2016, Murphy’s proved reserves decreased by 89.5 million barrels of oil equivalent (mmboe). The Company sold its 5% undivided interest in Syncrude in June 2016, which led to a reduction of 113.2 MMBOE of proved reserves. The most significant adds to total proved reserves related to drilling and well performance in the Montney gas area of Western Canada that added 20.8 MMBOE, proved property acquisitions in the Kaybob Duvernay and Placid Montney areas in Canada that added 51.8 MMBOE and drilling and well performance in the Gulf of Mexico that added 5.7 mmboe. Murphy’s total proved undeveloped reserves at December 31, 2016 increased 45.8 MMBOE from a year earlier. The newly reported proved undeveloped reserves reported in the table as extensions and discoveries during 2016 were predominantly attributable to two areas - drilling in the Eagle Ford Shale area of South Texas and the Tupper area in Western Canada as these areas had active development work ongoing during the year. The majority of proved undeveloped reserves reductions associated with revisions of previous estimates was the result of lower oil and gas prices causing these volumes to either become uneconomical or expire due to reallocated capital. The majority of the proved undeveloped reserves migration to the proved developed category are attributable to drilling in Eagle Ford Shale, Malaysia and Tupper. The Company spent approximately $214 million in 2016 to convert proved undeveloped reserves to proved developed reserves. The Company expects to spend about $641 million in 2017, $564 million in 2018 and $629 million in 2019 to move currently undeveloped proved reserves to the developed category. The anticipated level of spend in 2017 primarily includes drilling in the Eagle Ford Shale, Kaybob, Placid and Tupper areas. In computing MMBOE, natural gas is converted to equivalent barrels of oil using a ratio of six thousand cubic feet (MCF) to one barrel of oil.
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At December 31, 2016, proved reserves are included for several development projects, including oil developments at the Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas and the Kakap, Kikeh and Siakap fields, offshore Sabah, Malaysia, as well as natural gas developments offshore Sarawak and offshore Block H, Malaysia. Total proved undeveloped reserves associated with various development projects at December 31, 2016 were approximately 341.1 MMBOE, which represent 50% of the Company’s total proved reserves. Certain development projects have proved undeveloped reserves that will take more than five years to bring to production. The Company operates deepwater fields in the Gulf of Mexico that have three undeveloped locations that exceed this five-year window. Total reserves associated with the three locations amount to approximately 1% of the Company’s total proved reserves at year-end 2016. The development of certain of these reserves stretches beyond five years due to limited well slots available, thus making it necessary to wait for depletion of other wells prior to initiating further development of these locations. The second project that will take more than five years to develop is offshore Malaysia and makes up approximately 1% of the Company’s total proved reserves at year-end 2016. This project is an extension of the Sarawak natural gas project and is expected to be on production in 2018 once current project production volumes decline. Additionally, the Block H development project has undeveloped proved reserves that make up 8% of the Company’s total proved reserves at year-end 2016. This operated project will take longer than five years from discovery to completely develop due to a slight deferral or development of construction of floating LNG facilities operated by another company due to weak oil prices during 2016. Field start up is expected to occur in 2020, which is less than five years beyond the period that proved undeveloped reserves were first recorded.
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Murphy Oil’s Reserves Processes and Policies
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The Company employs a Manager of Corporate Reserves (Manager) who is independent of the Company’s oil and gas operational management. The Manager reports to the Senior Vice President, Corporate Planning & Services, of Murphy Oil Corporation, who in turn reports to the Chief Financial Officer of Murphy Oil. The Manager makes annual presentations to the Board of Directors about the Company’s reserves. The Manager reviews and discusses reserves estimates directly with the Company’s reservoir engineering staff in order to make every effort to ensure compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and industry. The Manager coordinates and oversees third party and other reserves audits. The third party audits are performed annually and under financing arrangements with lenders, audits are to cover 70% of the value of the Company’s proved reserves. The Manager utilizes qualified independent reserves consultants to perform independent audits of reserves. Internal audits may also be performed by the Manager and qualified engineering staff from areas of the Company other than the area being audited by third parties. The Company reports its internal assessments of proved reserves and only uses the third party audit results as an independent assessment of its internal computations.
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Each significant exploration and production office maintains one or more Qualified Reserve Estimators (QRE) on staff. The QRE is responsible for estimating and evaluating reserves and other reserves information for his or her assigned area. The QRE may personally make the estimates and evaluations of reserves or may supervise and approve the estimation and evaluation thereof by others. A QRE is professionally qualified to perform these reserves estimates due to having sufficient educational background, professional training and professional experience to enable him or her to exercise prudent professional judgment.
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This requires a minimum of three years practical experience in petroleum engineering or petroleum production geology, with at least one year of such experience being in the estimation and evaluation of reserves, and either a bachelors or advanced degree in petroleum engineering, geology or other discipline of engineering or physical science from a college or university of recognized stature, or the equivalent thereof from an appropriate government authority or professional organization.
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Larger offices of the Company also employ a Regional Reserves Coordinator (RRC) who supervises the local QREs. The RRC is usually a senior QRE that has the primary responsibility for coordinating and submitting reserves information to senior management.
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The Company’s QREs maintain files containing pertinent data regarding each significant reservoir. Each file includes sufficient data to support the calculations or analogies used to develop the values. Examples of data included in the file, as appropriate, include: production histories; pertinent drilling and workover histories; bottom hole pressure data; volumetric, material balance, analogy or other pertinent reserve estimation data; production performance curves; narrative descriptions of the methods and logic used to determine reserves values; maps and logs; and a signed copy of the conclusion of the QRE stating, that in their opinion, the reserves have been calculated, reviewed, documented and reported in compliance with the regulations and guidelines contained in the reserves training manual. The Company’s reserves are maintained in an industry recognized reservoir engineering software system, which has adequate access controls to avoid the possibility of improper manipulation of data. When reserves calculations are completed by QREs and appropriately reviewed by RRCs and the Manager, the conclusions are reviewed and discussed with the head of the Company’s exploration and production business and other senior management as appropriate. The Company’s Controller’s department is responsible for preparing and filing reserves schedules within the Form 10-K report.
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Murphy provides annual training to all company reserves estimators to ensure SEC requirements associated with reserves estimation and Form 10-K reporting are fulfilled. The training includes materials provided to each participant that outlines the latest guidance from the SEC as well as best practices for many engineering and geologic matters related to reserves estimation.
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Qualifications of Manager of Corporate Reserves
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The Company believes that it has qualified employees preparing oil and gas reserves estimates. Mr. F. Michael Lasswell serves as Corporate Reserves Manager after joining the Company in 2012. Prior to joining Murphy, Mr. Lasswell was employed as a Regional Coordinator of reserves at a major integrated oil company. He worked in several capacities in the reservoir engineering department with the oil company from 2002 to 2012. Mr. Lasswell earned a Bachelor’s of Science degree in Civil Engineering and a Master’s of Science degree in Geotechnical Engineering from Brigham Young University. Mr. Lasswell has experience working in the reservoir engineering field in numerous areas of the world, including the North Sea, the U.S. Arctic, the Middle East and Asia Pacific. He is a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), is a past member of its Oil and Gas Reserves Committee (OGRC) and is also co-author of a paper on the Recognition of Reserves which was published by the SPE. Mr. Lasswell has also attended numerous industry training courses.
More information regarding Murphy’s estimated quantities of proved reserves of crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas for the last three years are presented by geographic area on pages 105 through 111 of this Form 10-K report. Murphy has not filed and is not required to file any estimates of its total proved oil or gas reserves on a recurring basis with any federal or foreign governmental regulatory authority or agency other than the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Annually, Murphy reports gross reserves of properties operated in the United States to the U.S. Department of Energy; such reserves are derived from the same data from which estimated proved reserves of such properties are determined.
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Crude oil, condensate and natural gas liquids production and sales, and natural gas sales by geographic area with weighted average sales prices for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016 are shown on pages 29 and 31 of this Form 10-K Report. In 2016, the Company’s production of oil and natural gas represented approximately 0.1% of worldwide totals.
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Production expenses for the last three years in U.S. dollars per equivalent barrel are discussed beginning on page 33 of this Form 10-K report. For purposes of these computations, natural gas sales volumes are converted to equivalent barrels of oil using a ratio of six MCF of natural gas to one barrel of oil.
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Supplemental disclosures relating to oil and gas producing activities are reported on pages 103 through 116 of this Form 10-K report.
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At December 31, 2016, Murphy held leases, concessions, contracts or permits on developed and undeveloped acreage as shown by geographic area in the following table. Gross acres are those in which all or part of the working interest is owned by Murphy. Net acres are the portions of the gross acres attributable to Murphy’s interest.
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Certain acreage held by the Company will expire in the next three years. Scheduled acreage expirations in 2017 include 547 thousand net acres in Block 2613 in Namibia; 427 thousand net acres in Block 144 in Vietnam; 427 thousand net acres in Block 145 in Vietnam; 81 thousand net acres in Block 11-2/11 in Vietnam; 154 thousand net acres in Semai II Block in Indonesia; 42 thousand net acres in Block WA-408-P in Australia; and 33 thousand net acres in Western Canada. Acreage currently scheduled to expire in 2018 include 655 thousand net acres in Semai IV Block in Indonesia; 111 thousand net acres in the United States; and 15 thousand net acres in Western Canada. Scheduled expirations in 2019 include 290 thousand net acres in Block H in Malaysia; 128 thousand net acres in Western Canada; 36 thousand net acres in Block PM 311 in Malaysia and 15 thousand net acres in the United States.
As used in the three tables that follow, “gross” wells are the total wells in which all or part of the working interest is owned by Murphy, and “net” wells are the total of the Company’s fractional working interests in gross wells expressed as the equivalent number of wholly owned wells. An “exploratory” well is drilled to find and produce crude oil or natural gas in an unproved area and includes delineation wells which target a new reservoir in a field known to be productive or to extend a known reservoir beyond the proved area. A “development” well is drilled within the proved area of an oil or natural gas reservoir that is known to be productive.
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The following table shows the number of oil and gas wells producing or capable of producing at December 31, 2016.
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Murphy’s net wells drilled in the last three years are shown in the following table.
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The Canadian dry development wells shown above in 2014 are stratigraphic wells used to obtain information about Seal area heavy oil reservoirs. The Company completed the sale of its interest in the Seal area in January 2017.
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Murphy’s drilling wells in progress at December 31, 2016 are shown in the following table. The year-end well count includes wells awaiting various completion operations. The U.S. net wells included below are essentially all located in the Eagle Ford Shale area of South Texas.
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Refining and Marketing - Discontinued Operations
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The Company decommissioned the Milford Haven refinery units and completed the sale of its remaining downstream assets in the U.K. in 2015 for cash proceeds of $5.5 million. The Company has accounted for this U.K. downstream business as discontinued operations for all periods presented.
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All of the results of the U.K. downstream businesses have been reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented in this report.
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Environmental
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Murphy’s businesses are subject to various international, national, state, provincial and local environmental laws and regulations that govern the manner in which the Company conducts its operations. The Company anticipates that these requirements will continue to become more complex and stringent in the future.
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Further information on environmental matters and their impact on Murphy are contained in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations on pages 41 and 42.
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Web site Access to SEC Reports
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Murphy Oil’s internet Web site address is http://www.murphyoilcorp.com. Information contained on the Company’s Web site is not part of this report on Form 10-K.
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The Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available on Murphy’s Web site, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. You may also access these reports at the SEC’s Web site at http://www.sec.gov.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
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Volatility in the global prices of crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas can significantly affect the Company’s operating results.
Among the most significant variables affecting the Company’s results of operations are the sales prices for crude oil and natural gas that it produces. The indices against which much of the Company’s production is priced have been volatile in recent years, and sales prices for crude oil and natural gas can be significantly different in U.S. markets compared to markets in foreign locations.
West Texas Intermediate (WTI) prices averaged about $43 per barrel in 2016, compared to $49 per barrel in 2015 and $93 per barrel in 2014. The closing price for WTI at the end of 2016 was approximately $54 per barrel. As demonstrated by the significant decline in WTI crude oil prices in late 2014 and further declines over 2015 and early 2016, prices can be quite volatile. A portion of the Company’s crude oil production is more sour than WTI quality crude; therefore, this crude oil usually sells at a discount to WTI and other light and sweet crude oils. In addition, the sales prices for sour crude oils do not always move in relation to price changes for WTI and lighter/sweeter crude oils, including certain U.S. and Canadian crude oils and all crude oil produced in Malaysia, generally price off oil indices other than WTI, and these indices are influenced by different supply and demand forces than those that affect the U.S. WTI prices. The most common crude oil indices used to price the Company’s crude include Louisiana Light Sweet (LLS), Brent and Malaysian crude oil indices
The average NYMEX natural gas sales price was $2.48 per thousand cubic feet (MCF) in 2016, down from $2.61 per MCF in 2015 and $4.34 per MCF in 2014. The closing price for NYMEX natural gas trades as of December 31, 2016, was $3.72 per MCF. Certain natural gas production offshore Sarawak have been sold in recent years at a premium to average NYMEX natural gas prices due to pricing structures built into the sales contracts. Associated natural gas produced at fields in Block K offshore Sabah, representing approximately 3% of the Company’s 2016 natural gas sales volumes, is sold at heavily discounted prices compared to NYMEX gas prices as stipulated in the sales contract.
The Company cannot predict how changes in the sales prices of oil and natural gas will affect its results of operations in future periods. The Company often seeks to hedge a portion of its exposure to the effects of changing prices of crude oil and natural gas by selling forwards, swaps and other forms of derivative contracts.
Low oil and natural gas prices may adversely affect the Company’s operations in several ways in the future.
As noted elsewhere in this report, crude oil prices were again weaker in 2016 than in prior years. WTI oil prices averaged about $43 per barrel in 2016, but have improved above $50 per barrel in late 2016 and early 2017. Low oil and natural gas prices adversely affect the Company in several ways, and as noted below could continue to do so in 2017 if prices remain low or decline further.
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Lower sales value for the Company’s oil and natural gas production hurts cash flows and net income.
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Lower cash flows may cause the Company to reduce its capital expenditure program, thereby potentially hampering its ability to grow production and add proved reserves. The Company may continue to restrict its capital expenditures to balance its cash positions going forward.
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Lower oil and natural gas prices could lead to further impairment charges in future periods.
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A weakening of oil and natural gas prices could lead to reductions in the Company’s proved reserves in 2017 or future years. Low prices could make certain of the Company’s proved reserves uneconomic, which in turn could lead to removal of certain of the Company’s 2016 year-end reported proved oil reserves in future periods. These reserve reductions could be significant.
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Low oil prices have adversely impacted the Company’s financial metrics, and the credit rating agencies tend to lower credit ratings during such periods of low commodity prices. In addition, banks and other suppliers of financing capital have generally reduced their lending limits in response to the lower oil price environment. In February 2016, Moody’s Investor Services downgraded the Company’s senior unsecured notes to a “B1” rating, effectively reducing the Company’s credit to below investment grade status. Also, in February 2016, Fitch Rating downgraded the Company’s notes to below investment grade. Standard & Poor’s rates the Company’s debt as investment grade at “BBB-”. The Company’s ability to obtain financing is affected by the Company’s debt credit ratings and competition for available debt financing. Any further lowering of the Company’s debt credit ratings could increase the Company’s cost of capital and make it more difficult for the Company to borrow.
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Low prices for oil and natural gas could lead to weaker market prices for the Company’s common stock and could cause the Company to lower its dividend.
Certain of these effects are further discussed in risk factors that follow.
Murphy Oil’s businesses operate in highly competitive environments, which could adversely affect it in many ways, including its profitability, its ability to grow, and its ability to manage its businesses.
Murphy operates in the oil and gas industry and experiences intense competition from other oil and gas companies, which include state-owned foreign oil companies, major integrated oil companies, and independent producers of oil and natural gas. Virtually all of the state-owned and major integrated oil companies and many of the independent producers that compete with the Company have substantially greater resources than Murphy. In addition, the oil industry as a whole competes with other industries in supplying energy requirements around the world. Murphy competes, among other things, for valuable acreage positions, exploration licenses, drilling equipment and human resources.
If Murphy cannot replace its oil and natural gas reserves, it may not be able to sustain or grow its business.
Murphy continually depletes its oil and natural gas reserves as production occurs. In order to sustain and grow its business, the Company must successfully replace the crude oil and natural gas it produces with additional reserves. Therefore, it must create and maintain a portfolio of good prospects for future reserves additions and production by obtaining rights to explore for, develop and produce hydrocarbons in promising areas. In addition, it must find, develop and produce and/or purchase reserves at a competitive cost structure to be successful in the long-term. Murphy’s ability to operate profitably in the exploration and production segments of its business, therefore, is dependent on its ability to find, develop and produce and/or purchase oil and natural gas reserves at costs that are less than the realized sales price for these products and at costs competitive with competing companies in the industry. In response to significantly lower oil prices in recent years, the Company has reduced its exploration program from previous years’ levels, which is expected to reduce the rate at which it is able to replace reserves.
Murphy’s proved reserves are based on the professional judgment of its engineers and may be subject to revision.
Proved reserves of crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGL) and natural gas included in this report on pages 105 through 111 have been prepared by qualified Company personnel or qualified independent engineers based on an unweighted average of crude oil, NGL and natural gas prices in effect at the beginning of each month of the respective year as well as other conditions and information available at the time the estimates were prepared. Estimation of reserves is a subjective process that involves professional judgment by engineers about volumes to be recovered in future periods from underground oil and natural gas reservoirs. Estimates of economically recoverable crude oil, NGL and natural gas reserves and future net cash flows depend upon a number of variable factors and assumptions, and consequently, different engineers could arrive at different estimates of reserves and future net cash flows based on the same available data and using industry accepted engineering practices and scientific methods. Under existing SEC rules, reported proved reserves must be reasonably certain of recovery in future periods.
Murphy’s actual future oil and natural gas production may vary substantially from its reported quantity of proved reserves due to a number of factors, including:
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Oil and natural gas prices which are materially different from prices used to compute proved reserves
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Operating and/or capital costs which are materially different from those assumed to compute proved reserves
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Future reservoir performance which is materially different from models used to compute proved reserves, and
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Governmental regulations or actions which materially change operations of a field.
The Company’s proved undeveloped reserves represent significant portions of total proved reserves. As of December 31, 2016, approximately 44% of the Company’s crude oil proved reserves, 48% of natural gas liquids proved reserves and 56% of natural gas proved reserves are undeveloped. The ability of the Company to reclassify these undeveloped proved reserves to the proved developed classification is generally dependent on the successful completion of one or more operations, which might include further development drilling, construction of facilities or pipelines, and well workovers.
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The discounted future net revenues from our proved reserves as reported on pages 115 and 116 should not be considered as the market value of the reserves attributable to our properties. As required by generally accepted
accounting principles (GAAP), the estimated discounted future net revenues from our proved reserves are based on an unweighted average of the oil and natural gas prices in effect at the beginning of each month during the year. Actual future prices and costs may be materially higher or lower than those used in the reserves computations.
In addition, the 10 percent discount factor that is required to be used to calculate discounted future net revenues for reporting purposes under GAAP is not necessarily the most appropriate discount factor based on our cost of capital and the risks associated with our business and the crude oil and natural gas business in general.
Exploration drilling results can significantly affect the Company’s operating results.
The Company drills exploratory wells each year which subjects its exploration and production operating results to significant exposure to dry holes expense, which may have adverse effects on, and create volatility for, the Company’s results of operations. In response to significantly lower oil prices, the Company has reduced its exploration program from previous years’ levels. In 2016 wildcat wells were primarily drilled offshore Vietnam, Malaysia and in the Gulf of Mexico. The Company’s 2017 planned exploratory drilling program presently includes commitment wells in Block SK 314A in Malaysia and in Blocks 11-21/11 and 15-1/05 in Vietnam, and one discretionary well in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico.
Potential federal or state regulations could increase the Company’s costs and/or restrict operating methods, which could adversely affect its production levels.
The Company’s onshore North America oil and gas production is dependent on a technique known as hydraulic fracturing whereby water, sand and certain chemicals are injected into deep oil and gas bearing reservoirs in North America. This process creates fractures in the rock formation within the reservoir which enables oil and natural gas to migrate to the wellbore. The Company primarily uses this technique in the Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas and in Western Canada. This practice is generally regulated by the states, but at times the U.S. has proposed additional regulation under the Safe Drinking Water Act. In June 2011, the State of Texas adopted a law requiring public disclosure of certain information regarding the components used in the hydraulic fracturing process. The Provinces of British Columbia and Alberta have also issued regulations related to hydraulic fracturing activities under their jurisdictions. It is possible that the states, the U.S., Canadian provinces and certain municipalities adopt further laws or regulations which could render the process unlawful, less effective or drive up its costs. If any such action is taken in the future, the Company’s production levels could be adversely affected or its costs of drilling and completion could be increased.
In April 2016, the U.S. Department of the Interior’s (DOI) Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) enacted broad regulatory changes related to Gulf of Mexico well design, well control, casing, cementing, real-time monitoring, and subsea containment, among other items. These changes are known broadly as the Well Control Rule, and compliance is required over the next several years. Recent BSEE interpretation and enforcement of the Rule appear, at this time, to present reduced risk of a significant business impact to the Company. However, some provisions remain for which BSEE future enforcement action and intent are unclear, so risk of impact leading to increased future cost on the Company’s Gulf of Mexico operations remains.
In July 2016, the DOI’s Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) issued an updated Notice to Lessees and Operators (NTL) providing details on revised procedures BOEM will be using to determine a lessee’s ability to carry out decommissioning obligations for activities on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS), including the Gulf of Mexico. This revised policy became effective in September 2016 and institutes new criteria by which the BOEM will evaluate the financial strength and reliability of lessees and operators active on the OCS. If the BOEM determines under the revised policy that a company does not have the financial ability to meet its decommissioning and other obligations, that company will be required to post additional financial security as assurance. In January 2017 BOEM extended the implementation timeline for the NTL by six months for properties which have co-lessees, and in February BOEM withdrew sole liability orders issued in December to allow time for the new administration to review the financial assurance program for decommissioning. Although the Company believes the new BOEM policy will lead to increased costs for its Gulf of Mexico operations, it does not currently believe that the impact will be material to its operations in the Gulf of Mexico.
In the future, BOEM and/or BSEE may impose new and more stringent offshore operating regulations which may adversely affect the Company’s operations.
Hydraulic fracturing exposes the Company to operational and regulatory risks and third party claims.
Hydraulic fracturing operations subject the Company to operational risks inherent in the drilling and production of oil and natural gas. These risks include underground migration or surface spillage due to releases of oil, natural gas, formation water or well fluids, as well as any related surface or ground water contamination, including from petroleum constituents or hydraulic fracturing chemical additives. Ineffective containment of surface spillage and surface or ground water contamination resulting from hydraulic fracturing operations, including from petroleum constituents or hydraulic fracturing chemical additives, could result in environmental pollution, remediation expenses and third party claims alleging damages, which could adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. In addition, hydraulic fracturing requires significant quantities of water, and waste water from oil and gas operations is often disposed of through underground injection. Certain increased seismic activities have been linked to underground water injection. Any diminished access to water for use in the hydraulic fracturing process, any inability to properly dispose of waste water, or any further restrictions placed on waste water, could curtail the Company’s operations or otherwise result in operational delays or increased costs.
Climate change initiatives and other environmental rules or regulations could reduce demand for crude oil and natural gas, which may adversely impact the Company’s business.
The issue of climate change has caused considerable attention to be directed towards initiatives to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the United States entered into an international climate agreement (the “Paris Agreement”) at the 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Paris, France. The Paris Agreement entered into force in November 2016 and the United States is one of over 100 nations that have indicated an intent to comply with the agreement, which will take effect in 2020. It is possible that the Paris Agreement, if fully implemented, and other such initiatives, including environmental rules or regulations related to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, may reduce the demand for crude oil and natural gas in the U.S. and other countries. While the magnitude of any reduction in hydrocarbon demand is difficult to predict, such a development could adversely impact the Company and other companies engaged in the exploration and production business. Although the new U.S. administration has expressed skepticism about the Paris Agreement, it is currently unclear whether the United States will withdraw from the Paris Agreement or otherwise avoid complying with the agreement.
Capital financing may not always be available to fund Murphy’s activities.
Murphy usually must spend and risk a significant amount of capital to find and develop reserves before revenue is generated from production. Although most capital needs are funded from operating cash flow, the timing of cash flows from operations and capital funding needs may not always coincide, and the levels of cash flow generated by operations may not fully cover capital funding requirements, especially in periods of low commodity prices such as those experienced in 2015 and 2016. Therefore, the Company maintains financing arrangements with lending institutions to meet certain funding needs. The Company must periodically renew these financing arrangements based on foreseeable financing needs or as they expire. The Company has two primary bank financing facilities with capacities of $0.6 billion and $1.1 billion that mature in May 2017 and August 2019, respectively. There is the possibility that financing arrangements may not always be available at sufficient levels required to fund the Company’s activities in future periods. In February 2016, Moody’s Investor Services downgraded the Company’s senior unsecured notes to a “B1” rating, effectively reducing the Company’s credit to below investment grade status. Also, in February 2016, Fitch Rating downgraded the Company’s notes to below investment grade. These credit ratings of below investment grade could adversely affect our cost of capital and our ability to raise debt as needed in public markets in future periods. Additionally, in order to obtain debt financing in future years, the Company may have to provide more security to its lenders. The downgrade in the Company’s credit rating by Moody’s in 2016 led to increased debt service costs for certain outstanding notes, and also made it more likely that the Company would have to post collateral such as letters of credit or cash as financial assurance of its performance under certain contractual arrangements. The Company’s primary revolving credit facility requires granting of security by the Company in certain circumstances. See further explanation in Note G of the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company has a shelf registration statement on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that permits the offer and sale of debt and/or equity securities through October 2018. Although not considered likely, the Company may not be able in the future to sell notes in the marketplace at interest rates that are acceptable to it.
Murphy has limited or virtually no control over several factors that could adversely affect the Company.
The ability of the Company to successfully manage development and operating costs is important because virtually all of the products it sells are energy commodities such as crude oil, NGL and natural gas, for which the Company has little or no influence on the sales prices or regional and worldwide consumer demand for these products. Changes in commodity prices also impact the volume of production attributed to the Company under production sharing contracts in Malaysia. Economic slowdowns, such as those experienced in 2008 and 2009, had a detrimental
effect on the worldwide demand for these energy commodities, which effectively led to reduced prices for oil and natural gas for a period of time. An oversupply of crude oil in 2015 and much of 2016 led to a severe decline in worldwide oil prices. Lower prices for crude oil, NGL and natural gas inevitably lead to lower earnings for the Company. The low crude oil price environment in 2016 has caused the Company to reduce spending on discretionary drilling programs, which in turn hurts the Company’s future production levels and future cash flow generated from operations. The Company often experiences pressure on its operating and capital expenditures in periods of strong crude oil and natural gas prices because an increase in exploration and production activities due to high oil and gas sales prices generally leads to higher demand for, and consequently higher costs for, goods and services in the oil and gas industry. The somewhat higher oil prices in late 2016 and early 2017 could lead to inflation in oil field goods and service costs beginning in 2017.
Certain of the Company’s major oil and natural gas producing properties are operated by others. Therefore, Murphy does not fully control all activities at certain of its significant revenue generating properties. During 2016, approximately 16% of the Company’s total production was at fields operated by others, while at December 31, 2016, approximately 9% of the Company’s total proved reserves were at fields operated by others.
Additionally, the Company relies on the availability of transportation and processing facilities that are often owned by others. These third party systems and facilities may not always be available to the Company, and if available, may not be available at a price that is acceptable to the Company.
Failure of our partners to fund their share of development costs or obtain financing could result in delay or cancellation of future projects, thus limiting our growth and future cash flows.
Some of Murphy’s development projects entail significant capital expenditures and have long development cycle times. As a result, the Company’s partners must be able to fund their share of investment costs through the development cycle, through cash flow from operations, external credit facilities, or other sources, including financing arrangements. Murphy’s partners are also susceptible to certain of the risk factors noted herein, including, but not limited to, commodity price declines, fiscal regime changes, government project approval delays, regulatory changes, credit downgrades and regional conflict. If one or more of these factors negatively impacts a project partners’ cash flows or ability to obtain adequate financing, it could result in a delay or cancellation of a project, resulting in a reduction of the Company’s reserves and production, negatively impacting the timing and receipt of planned cash flows and expected profitability.
Murphy’s operations and earnings have been and will continue to be affected by worldwide political developments.
Many governments, including those that are members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), unilaterally intervene at times in the orderly market of crude oil and natural gas produced in their countries through such actions as setting prices, determining rates of production, and controlling who may buy and sell the production. As of December 31, 2016, approximately 23% of the Company’s proved reserves, as defined by the SEC, were located in countries other than the U.S. and Canada. Certain of the reserves held outside these two countries could be considered to have more political risk. In addition, prices and availability of crude oil, natural gas and refined products could be influenced by political unrest and by various governmental policies to restrict or increase petroleum usage and supply. Other governmental actions that could affect Murphy’s operations and earnings include expropriation, tax changes, royalty increases, redefinition of international boundaries, preferential and discriminatory awarding of oil and gas leases, restrictions on drilling and/or production, restraints and controls on imports and exports, safety, and relationships between employers and employees. Governments could also initiate regulations concerning matters such as currency fluctuations, currency conversion, protection and remediation of the environment, and concerns over the possibility of global warming or other climate change being affected by human activity including the production and use of hydrocarbon energy. A number of non-governmental entities routinely attempt to influence industry members and government energy policy in an effort to limit industry activities, such as hydrocarbon production, drilling and hydraulic fracturing with the desire to minimize the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, which may harm air quality, and to restrict hydrocarbon spills, which may harm land and/or groundwater. Additionally, because of the numerous countries in which the Company operates, certain other risks exist, including the application of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the Canada Corruption of Foreign Officials Act, the Malaysia Anti-Corruption Commission Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and similar anti-corruption compliance statutes. Because these and other factors too numerous to list are subject to changes caused by governmental and political considerations and are often made in response to changing internal and worldwide economic conditions and to actions of other governments or specific events, we cannot predict the effects of such factors on Murphy’s future operations and earnings.
Murphy’s business is subject to operational hazards, security risks and risks normally associated with the exploration for and production of oil and natural gas.
The Company operates in urban and remote, and often inhospitable, areas around the world. The occurrence of an event, including but not limited to acts of nature such as hurricanes, floods, earthquakes and other forms of severe weather, and mechanical equipment failures, industrial accidents, fires, explosions, acts of war, civil unrest, piracy and acts of terrorism could result in the loss of hydrocarbons and associated revenues, environmental pollution or contamination, personal injury, including death, and property damages for which the Company could be deemed to be liable, and which could subject the Company to substantial fines and/or claims for punitive damages.
The location of many of Murphy’s key assets causes the Company to be vulnerable to severe weather, including hurricanes and tropical storms. A number of significant oil and natural gas fields lie in offshore waters around the world. Probably the most vulnerable of the Company’s offshore fields are in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, where severe hurricanes and tropical storms have often led to shutdowns and damages. The U.S. hurricane season runs from June through November. Although the Company maintains insurance for such risks as described elsewhere in this Form 10-K report, due to policy deductibles and possible coverage limits, weather-related risks are not fully insured.
In addition, the Company has risks associated with cybersecurity attacks. Although the Company maintains processes and systems to monitor and avoid damages from security threats, there can be no assurance that such processes and systems will successfully avert such security breaches. A successful breach could lead to system disruptions, loss of data or unauthorized release of highly sensitive data. This could lead to property or environmental damages and could have an adverse effect on the Company’s revenues and costs.
Murphy’s commodity price risk management priorities may limit the Company’s ability to fully benefit from potential future price increases for oil and natural gas.
The Company routinely enters into various contracts to protect its cash flows against lower oil and natural gas prices. Because of these contracts, if the prices for oil and natural gas increase in future periods, the Company will not fully benefit from the price improvement on all of its production.
Murphy’s insurance may not be adequate to offset costs associated with certain events and there can be no assurance that insurance coverage will continue to be available in the future on terms that justify its purchase.
Murphy maintains insurance against certain, but not all, hazards that could arise from its operations. The Company maintains liability insurance sufficient to cover its share of gross insured claim costs up to approximately $500 million per occurrence and in the annual aggregate. Generally, this insurance covers various types of third party claims related to personal injury, death and property damage, including claims arising from “sudden and accidental” pollution events. The Company also maintains insurance coverage with an additional limit of $400 million per occurrence ($850 million for Gulf of Mexico operations not related to a named windstorm), all or part of which could be applicable to certain sudden and accidental pollution events. These policies have deductibles ranging from $10 million to $25 million. The occurrence of an event that is not insured or not fully insured could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations in the future.
Lawsuits against Murphy and its subsidiaries could adversely affect its operating results.
The Company is involved in numerous lawsuits seeking cash settlements for alleged personal injuries, property damages and other business-related matters. Certain of these lawsuits will take many years to resolve through court proceedings or negotiated settlements. None of the currently pending lawsuits are considered individually material or aggregate to a material amount in the opinion of management.
The Company is exposed to credit risks associated with sales of certain of its products to third parties and associated with its operating partners.
Although Murphy limits its credit risk by selling its products to numerous entities worldwide, it still, at times, carries substantial credit risk from its customers. For certain oil and gas properties operated by the Company, other companies which own partial interests may not be able to meet their financial obligation to pay for their share of capital and operating costs as they come due. The inability of a purchaser of the Company’s oil or natural gas or a partner of the Company to meet their respective payment obligations to the Company could have an adverse effect on Murphy’s future earnings and cash flows.
Murphy’s operations could be adversely affected by changes in foreign currency conversion rates.
The Company’s worldwide operational scope exposes it to risks associated with foreign currencies. Most of the Company’s business is transacted in U.S. dollars, and therefore the Company and most of its subsidiaries are U.S. dollar functional entities for accounting purposes. However, the Canadian dollar is the functional currency for all Canadian operations [and the British pound is the functional currency for U.K. discontinued operations related to the Company’s former downstream business]. In certain countries, such as Canada, Malaysia and the United Kingdom, significant levels of transactions occur in currencies other than the functional currency. In Malaysia, such transactions include tax and other supplier payments, while in Canada, certain crude oil sales are priced in U.S. dollars. In late 2016, Malaysian authorities altered the local currency rules such that 75% of the proceeds of export oil and gas sales must be converted to local currency when received; plus, beginning in 2017, resident suppliers of goods and services to the Company must be paid in local currency. This exposure to currencies other than the functional currency can lead to significant impacts on consolidated financial results. Exposures associated with current and deferred income tax liability balances in Malaysia are generally not hedged. A strengthening of the Malaysian ringgit against the U.S. dollar would be expected to lead to currency losses in consolidated operations; gains would be expected if the ringgit weakens versus the dollar. Foreign exchange exposures between the U.S. dollar and the British pound are not hedged. The Company would generally expect to incur currency losses when the U.S. dollar strengthens against the British pound and would conversely expect currency gains when the U.S. dollar weakens against the pound. In Canada, currency risk is often managed by selling forward U.S. dollars to match the collection dates for crude oil sold in that currency. See Note L in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on derivative contracts.
The costs and funding requirements related to the Company’s retirement plans are affected by several factors.
The costs and funding requirements related to the Company’s retirement plans are affected by several factors. A number of actuarial assumptions impact funding requirements for the Company’s retirement plans. The most significant of these assumptions include return on assets, long-term interest rates and mortality. If the actual results for the plans vary significantly from the actuarial assumptions used, or if laws regulating such retirement plans are changed, Murphy could be required to make more significant funding payments to one or more of its retirement plans in the future and/or it could be required to record a larger liability for future obligations in its Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
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The Company had no unresolved comments from the staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as of December 31, 2016.
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Item 2. PROPERTIES
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Descriptions of the Company’s oil and natural gas properties are included in Item 1 of this Form 10-K report beginning on page 1. Information required by the Securities Exchange Act Industry Guide No. 2 can be found in the Supplemental Oil and Gas Information section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K on pages 103 to 116 and in Note E - Property, Plant and Equipment beginning on page 70.
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Executive Officers of the Registrant
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Present corporate office, length of service in office and age at February 1, 2017 of each of the Company’s executive officers are reported in the following listing. Executive officers are elected annually, but may be removed from office at any time by the Board of Directors.
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Roger W. Jenkins - Age 55; Chief Executive Officer since August 2013. Mr. Jenkins served as Chief Operating Officer from June 2012 to August 2013. Mr. Jenkins was Executive Vice President Exploration and Production from August 2009 through August 2013 and had served as President of the Company’s exploration and production subsidiary since January 2009.
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Eugene T. Coleman - Age 58; Executive Vice President since December 2016. Mr. Coleman served as Executive Vice President, Offshore of the Company’s exploration and production subsidiary from 2011 to 2016.
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Walter K. Compton - Age 54; Executive Vice President and General Counsel since February 2014. Mr. Compton was Senior Vice President and General Counsel from March 2011 to February 2014.
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John W. Eckart - Age 58; Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since March 2015. Mr. Eckart was Senior Vice President and Controller from December 2011 to March 2015.
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Michael K. McFadyen - Age 49; Executive Vice President since December 2016. Mr. McFadyen served as Executive Vice President, Onshore of the Company’s exploration and production subsidiary from 2011 to 2016.
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Keith Caldwell - Age 55, Senior Vice President and Controller since March 2015. Mr. Caldwell was Vice President, Finance from April 2010 to March 2015.
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Kelli M. Hammock - Age 45; Senior Vice President, Administration since February 2014. Ms. Hammock was Vice President, Administration from December 2009 to February 2014.
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K. Todd Montgomery - Age 52; Senior Vice President, Corporate Planning & Services since March 2015. Mr. Montgomery served as Vice President, Corporate Planning & Services from February 2014 to March 2015.
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E. Ted Botner - Age 52; Vice President, Law and Secretary since March 2015. Mr. Botner was Secretary and Manager, Law from August 2013 to March 2015.
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Tim F. Butler - Age 54; Vice President, Tax since August 2013. Mr. Butler was General Manager, Worldwide Taxation from August 2007 to August 2013.
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John B. Gardner - Age 48; Vice President and Treasurer since March 2015. Mr. Gardner served as Treasurer from August 2013 to March 2015.
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Barry F.R. Jeffery - Age 58; Vice President, Insurance, Security and Risk since July 2015. Mr. Jeffery was
Vice-President, Investor Relations from August 2013 to July 2015.
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Allan J. Misner - Age 50; Vice President, Internal Audit since February 2014. Mr. Misner served as Director, Internal Audit from 2007 to 2014.
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Kelly L. Whitley - Age 51; Vice President, Investor Relations and Communications since July 2015. Ms. Whitley joined the Company in 2015 following 20 years of investor relations experience with exploration and production as well as oil field services companies in the U.S. and Canada.
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
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Murphy and its subsidiaries are engaged in a number of other legal proceedings, all of which Murphy considers routine and incidental to its business. Based on information currently available to the Company, the ultimate resolution of matters referred to in this item is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s net income or loss, financial condition or liquidity in a future period.
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Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
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Not applicable.
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PART II
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Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
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The Company’s Common Stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange using “MUR” as the trading symbol. There were 2,588 stockholders of record as of December 31, 2016. Information as to high and low market prices per share and dividends per share by quarter for 2016 and 2015 are reported on page 117 of this Form 10-K report.
SHAREHOLDER RETURN PERFORMANCE PRESENTATION
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The following graph presents a comparison of cumulative five-year shareholder returns (including the reinvestment of dividends) as if a $100 investment was made on December 31, 2011 in the Company, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index (S&P 500 Index), the Company’s peer group and the NYSE Arca Oil Index. The companies in the peer group include Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, Apache Corporation, Cabot Oil & Gas Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, Cimarex Energy Co., Devon Energy Corporation, Encana Corporation, EOG Resources, Inc., Hess Corporation, Marathon Oil Corporation, Newfield Exploration Company, Noble Energy, Inc., Pioneer Natural Resources Corporation, Range Resources Corporation, Southwestern Energy Company and Whiting Petroleum Corporation. This performance information is “furnished” by the Company and is not considered as “filed” with this Form 10-K report and it is not incorporated into any document that incorporates this Form 10-K report by reference.
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The Company has added a 5-year Peer Group shareholder return performance comparison above. Management believes the peer group of companies is a better performance measure comparison than the NYSE Arca Oil Index since this group of companies is composed of independent oil and gas companies most similar to Murphy.
Item 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
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Includes special dividend of $2.50 per share paid on December 3, 2012.
Capital expenditures include accruals for incurred but unpaid capital activities, while property additions and dry holes in the Statements of Cash Flows are cash-based capital expenditures and do not include capital accruals and geological, geophysical and certain other exploration expenses that are not eligible for capitalization under oil and gas accounting rules.
Excludes property addition of $358.0 million associated with noncash capital lease at the Kakap field.
As a result of adopting a new accounting pronouncement, the Company reclassified current deferred income tax assets of $51.2 million in 2015, $55.1 million in 2014, $62.0 million in 2013 and $89.0 million in 2012 to long term deferred income tax assets which are included in Deferred charges and other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note B -New Accounting Principles and Recent Accounting Pronouncements in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement in this Form 10-K.
Long-term debt - percent of capital employed - total long-term debt at the balance sheet date (as per the consolidated balance sheet) divided by the sum of total long-term debt plus total stockholders’ equity at that date (as per the consolidated balance sheet).
Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
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Overview
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Murphy Oil Corporation is a worldwide oil and gas exploration and production company. A more detailed description of the Company’s significant assets can be found in Item 1 of this Form 10-K report.
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Significant Company operating and financial highlights during 2016 were as follows:
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Generated $1.2 billion cash from non-core divestitures during the year.
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Entered into a new $1.1 billion senior unsecured guaranteed revolving credit facility and issued $550 million of 6.875 percent senior notes due in 2024.
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Entered into a joint venture in the Kaybob Duvernay and Placid Montney plays in Western Canada.
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Produced 175,700 barrels of oil equivalent per day.
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Ended 2016 with proved reserves, totaling 684.5 million barrels of oil equivalent with a reserve life of 10.6 years.
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Reduced lease operating expense per barrel of oil equivalent by approximately 15 percent year-over-year, excluding Syncrude.
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Lowered selling and general expenses by approximately 14 percent year-over-year.
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Murphy’s continuing operations generate revenue by producing crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGL) and natural gas in the United States, Canada and Malaysia and then selling these products to customers. The Company’s revenue is highly affected by the prices of crude oil, natural gas and NGL. In order to make a profit and generate cash in its exploration and production business, revenue generated from the sales of oil and natural gas produced must exceed the combined costs of producing these products, depreciation of capital expenditures, and expenses related to exploration, administration, and for capital borrowed from lending institutions and note holders.
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Changes in the price of crude oil and natural gas have a significant impact on the profitability of the Company, especially the price of crude oil as oil represented 59% of total hydrocarbons produced on an energy equivalent basis (one barrel of crude oil equals six thousand cubic feet of natural gas) in 2016. In 2017, the Company’s ratio of hydrocarbon production represented by oil is expected to be 56%. When oil-price linked natural gas in Malaysia is combined with oil production, the Company’s 2017 total expected production is approximately 66% linked to the price of oil. If the prices for crude oil and natural gas remains weak in 2017 or beyond, this will have an unfavorable impact on the Company’s operating profits. As described on page 48, the Company has entered into fixed price derivative swap contracts in the United States that will reduce its exposure to changes in crude oil prices for approximately 47% of its expected 2017 U.S. oil production and holds forward delivery contracts that will reduce its exposure to changes in natural gas prices for approximately 55% of the natural gas it expects to produce in Western Canada in 2017.
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Oil prices and North American natural gas prices weakened further in 2016 compared to the 2015 period. The sales price for a barrel of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil averaged $43.32 in 2016, $48.80 in 2015 and $93.00 in 2014. The sales price for a barrel of Platts Dated Brent crude oil declined to $43.69 per barrel in 2016, following averages of $52.46 per barrel and $99.00 per barrel in 2015 and 2014, respectively. The WTI index fell approximately 11% over the prior year while Dated Brent experienced a 17% decrease in 2016. During 2016 the discount for WTI crude compared to Dated Brent narrowed compared to the two prior years. The WTI to Dated Brent discount was $0.37 per barrel during 2016, compared to $3.66 per barrel in 2015 and $6.00 per barrel in 2014. In early 2017, Dated Brent has been trading near par or at a slight discount to WTI. Worldwide oil prices began to weaken in the fall of 2014 and continued to soften throughout 2015 and into 2016. The softening of prices beginning in late 2014 and continuing into 2016 caused average oil prices for both 2016 and 2015 periods to be below the average levels achieved in 2014. The NYMEX natural gas price per million British Thermal Units (MMBTU) averaged $2.48 in 2016, $2.61 in 2015 and $4.33 in 2014. NYMEX natural gas prices in 2016 were 5% below the average price in 2015, with the price decrease generally caused by an unseasonably warm winter demand season that left the U.S. natural gas inventories at record levels by the end of the first quarter of 2016. NYMEX natural gas prices in 2015 were 40% below the average price experienced in 2014, with the price decrease generally caused by domestic production elevating inventories to record levels and much warmer than normal winter season
temperatures reducing residential demand. On an energy equivalent basis, the market continued to discount North American natural gas and NGL compared to crude oil in 2016. Crude oil prices in early 2017 have risen above the 2016 average prices, and natural gas prices in North America in 2017 have thus far been above the average 2016 levels due to higher demand and lower field production.
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The Company decommissioned the Milford Haven refinery units and completed the sale of its remaining downstream assets in 2015 for cash proceeds of $5.5 million. The Company has accounted for this U.K. downstream business as discontinued operations for all periods presented.
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Results of Operations
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Murphy Oil’s results of operations, with associated diluted earnings per share (EPS), for the last three years are presented in the following table.
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Murphy Oil’s net loss in 2016 was primarily caused by low realized oil and gas prices that did not fully cover all expenses, which included extraction costs, selling and general expense, net interest expense, impairments and redetermination expense. Results of continuing operations in 2016 were $1,981.8 million improved over 2015 due to lower impairment expense in 2016, plus lower expense in the current year for lease operations, depreciation, exploration, deepwater rig contract exit costs, administrative expenses and no reoccurrence of a deferred tax charge in 2015 associated with a distribution from a foreign subsidiary. Results in 2016 included a $71.7 million after-tax gain on sale of the Company’s 5 percent interest in Syncrude, while 2015 results included a $218.8 million after-tax gain on sale of 10% of the Company’s oil and gas assets in Malaysia. In 2016 and 2015, the Company’s U.K. refining and marketing operations generated losses of $2.5 million and $14.8 million, respectively, which led to overall losses from discontinued operations in each year.
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Murphy Oil’s net loss in 2015 was primarily caused by impairment expense to reduce the carrying value of certain properties in the Gulf of Mexico, Western Canada and Malaysia, lower realized sales prices for oil and natural gas, lower oil and natural gas sales volumes, and the costs of exiting deepwater rig contracts in the Gulf of Mexico. Results of continuing operations in 2015 were $3,280.8 million worse than 2014 and included a $218.8 million after-tax gain on sale of 10% of the Company’s oil and gas assets in Malaysia. Results in 2014 included a $321.4 million after-tax gain on sale of 20% of the Company’s oil and gas assets in Malaysia. In 2015 and 2014, the Company’s U.K. refining and marketing operations generated losses of $14.8 million and $120.6 million, respectively, which led to overall losses from discontinued operations in each year.
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Further explanations of each of these variances are found in more detail in the following sections.
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2016 vs. 2015 - Net loss in 2016 totaled $276.0 million ($1.60 per diluted share) compared to 2015 net loss of $2,270.8 million ($13.03 per diluted share). Continuing operations results in 2016 were significantly improved, recording a loss of $274.0 million ($1.59 per diluted share), while 2015 had a loss of $2,255.8 million ($12.94 per diluted share). The 2016 favorable variance for results of continuing operations was primarily associated with lower impairment expense, lower lease operating and depreciation expenses, lower deepwater rig contract exit costs, lower selling and general expenses and no reoccurrence of a deferred tax charge in 2015 associated with a distribution from a foreign subsidiary. These improvements were partially offset by lower realized sales prices for oil and natural gas, lower oil and natural gas sales volumes, and losses on open crude oil contracts in the 2016 period versus gains in the 2015 period and lower gains on assets sold. The results of discontinued operations were a loss of $2.0 million ($0.01 per diluted share) in 2016 compared to a loss of $15.0 million ($0.09 per diluted share) in 2015.
Sales and other operating revenues in 2016 were $977.5 million below 2015 due to both weaker oil and natural sales prices and lower oil and natural gas sales volumes in the current year compared to the prior year. Average crude oil sales prices and North American natural gas sales prices realized in 2016 fell by 12% and 25%, respectively, compared to the prior year and sales volumes fell by approximately 17% in 2016 on a barrel of oil equivalent basis. Realized oil prices were lower in 2016 due to swelling global petroleum inventories that peaked in the second quarter of 2016. The decrease in sales volumes was mostly attributable to the significant lowering of the Company’s capital budget from prior years and the disposition of Syncrude in mid-2016. Gain on sale of assets was $152.5 million lower in 2016, primarily associated with a pretax gain of $3.7 million generated on sale of Syncrude asset in Canada compared to $155.1 million gain on sale of 10% of the Company’s oil and gas assets in Malaysia in 2015. Interest and other income in 2016 was $28.9 million below 2015 levels primarily due to lower profits realized on changes in foreign exchange rates during the current year. Lease operating expenses declined $272.9 million in 2016 compared to 2015 essentially due to lower service costs, cost saving initiatives and a lower average foreign exchange rate in Canada. Severance and ad valorem taxes decreased by $22.0 million in 2016 primarily due to lower average realized sales prices for oil and natural gas volumes in the United States and lower oil and gas property valuations. Exploration expenses were $369.1 million less than the prior year primarily due to lower dry hole costs, lower geological and geophysical costs, lower lease amortization and lower exploration costs in other foreign areas. Selling and general expenses in 2016 decreased by nearly 14% from 2015 as the Company implemented key organizational changes including lowering contract staff levels by over 20% from the end of the prior year. Depreciation, depletion and amortization expenses fell by $565.7 million due to both lower volumes sold and lower per-unit capital amortization rates most of which were the result of impairment charges reported in the prior year. Impairment expense associated with asset writedowns decreased by $2.4 billion primarily due to fewer impairments in the 2016 period all of which in the later year were incurred in the first quarter following further price declines from year-end 2015 levels. Deepwater rig contract exit costs was a benefit of $4.3 million in 2016 due to lower final costs incurred and paid compared to estimated costs of $282.0 million recorded in 2015 for exit costs on two deepwater rigs that were under contract in the Gulf of Mexico. These rigs were stacked before their contract expiration dates and the remaining estimated obligations owed in 2016 under the contracts were expensed in 2015. Interest expense in 2016 was $27.8 million higher than 2015 due principally to higher average interest rates in the 2016 period due to an increase of 1% on the coupon rates on $1.5 billion of the Company’s outstanding notes effective June 1, 2016 following a credit downgrade of the Company by Moody’s Investor Services in February 2016. Additionally, interest expense increased in 2016 due to issuance of $550 million of 8-year, 6.875% notes in August 2016. Interest costs capitalized decreased by $3.0 million in 2016 due to fewer ongoing development projects in the current period. Other operating expense was $60.4 million lower in the current year primarily due to recording estimated costs of remediating a site at the Seal field in a remote area of Alberta in 2015, and a favorable adjustment of previously recorded exit costs in 2016 associated with former production operations in the Republic of Congo versus a charge in the 2015 period for uncollectible accounts receivables from partners in the Republic of Congo. Income tax benefits in 2016 were $219.2 million compared to $1,026.5 million in the prior year. The benefits reported in 2015 were the result of large pretax losses, a significant portion of which is related to impairments in the current period, no local income taxes owed on the Malaysia sale, and a deferred tax benefit associated with this sale due to the purchaser assuming certain future tax payment obligations; these were offset in part by a deferred tax charge in the U.S. associated with a $2.0 billion distribution from a foreign subsidiary to its parent in December 2015. The effective tax rate in 2016 was 44.4% up from 31.3% in 2015.
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2015 vs. 2014 - Net loss in 2015 totaled $2,270.8 million ($13.03 per diluted share) compared to 2014 net income of $905.6 million ($5.03 per diluted share). Continuing operations results in 2015 were significantly weaker, recording a loss of $2,255.8 million ($12.94 per diluted share), while 2014 had income of $1,025.0 million ($5.69 per diluted share). The 2015 unfavorable variance for results of continuing operations was primarily associated with impairment expense, lower realized sales prices for oil and natural gas, lower oil and natural gas sales volumes, costs of existing deepwater rig contracts in the Gulf of Mexico, a deferred tax charge associated with a distribution from a foreign subsidiary, and lower after-tax gains generated from sale of oil and gas assets in Malaysia, partially offset by higher unrealized gains on crude oil contracts. Lower oil and gas production volumes and lower costs for services led to lower overall extraction costs in 2015. The 2015 results were also favorably affected by higher foreign exchange gains and lower overall administrative costs. The results of discontinued operations were a loss of $15.0 million ($0.09 per diluted share) in 2015 compared to a loss of $119.4 million ($0.66 per diluted share) in 2014. The results for discontinued operations in 2014 included an impairment charge associated with the Milford Haven, Wales refinery, partially offset by a gain on disposition of the U.K. retail marketing fuel stations in 2014.
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Sales and other operating revenues in 2015 were $2.5 billion below 2014 due to both weaker oil and natural sales prices and lower oil and natural gas sales volumes in 2015 compared to 2014. Average crude oil sales prices and North American natural gas sales prices realized in 2015 fell by 45% and 37%, respectively, compared to 2014 and sales volumes fell by approximately 7% in 2015, compared to 2014 on a barrel of oil equivalent basis. Realized oil prices were significantly lower in 2015 due to an oversupply of crude oil available on a worldwide scale. The decrease in sales volumes was mostly attributable to the late 2014 and early 2015 sale of a combined 30% interest in
its Malaysia assets nearly offset by growth in the Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas and higher production from the Tupper area in Western Canada. Gain on sale of assets was $15.3 million higher in 2015, primarily associated with a pretax gain of $155.1 million generated on the 2015 sale of 10% of the Company’s oil and gas assets in Malaysia compared to $144.8 million gain on sale of 20% on these assets in 2014. Interest and other income in 2015 was $43.6 million above 2014 levels primarily due to higher profits realized on changes in foreign exchange rates during 2015. Lease operating expenses declined $257.6 million in 2015 compared to 2014 essentially due to sale of interests in Malaysia, lower service costs, cost saving initiatives and a lower average foreign exchange rate in Canada. Severance and ad valorem taxes decreased by $41.4 million in 2015 primarily due to lower average realized sales prices for oil and natural gas volumes in the United States. Exploration expenses were $42.7 million less in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to lower geological and geophysical costs and lower exploration costs in other foreign areas. Selling and general expenses in 2015 decreased by nearly 16% from 2014 as the Company implemented key organizational changes including lowering staffing levels by over 20% from end of the prior year. Depreciation, depletion and amortization expenses fell by $286.4 million in 2015 due to both lower volumes sold and lower per-unit capital amortization rates. Impairment expense associated with asset writedowns increased by $2.4 billion primarily due to the significant decline in oil prices during 2015 resulting in writedowns of assets in the Seal heavy oil field in Western Canada and oil and natural gas fields offshore Malaysia and in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. The deepwater rig contract exit costs of $282.0 million are for two deepwater rigs that were under contract in the Gulf of Mexico. These rigs were stacked before their contract expiration dates and the remaining obligations owed in 2016 under the contracts were expensed in 2015. Interest expense in 2015 was $11.8 million lower than 2014 due principally to lower average borrowing levels in the 2015 period. Interest costs capitalized decreased by $13.3 million in 2015 due to fewer ongoing development projects in 2015. Other operating expense was $53.7 million higher in 2015 primarily due to recording estimated costs of remediating a site at the Seal field in a remote area of Alberta. Income tax benefits in 2015 were $1.0 billion compared to expense of $227.3 million in 2014. The benefits reported in 2015 were the result of large pretax losses, a significant portion of which is related to impairments in the current period, no local income taxes owed on the Malaysia sale, and deferred tax benefit on the sale due to the purchaser assuming certain future tax payment obligations, offset in part by a deferred tax charge in the U.S. associated with a $2.0 billion distribution from a foreign subsidiary to its parent in December 2015. The effective tax rate in 2015 was 31.3% up from 18.2% in 2014. The 2014 period benefited from Malaysia tax benefits upon sale of 20% interest and higher U.S. tax benefits on foreign exploration areas.
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Segment Results - In the following table, the Company’s results of operations for the three years ended December 31, 2016, are presented by segment. More detailed reviews of operating results for the Company’s exploration and production and other activities follow the table.
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Exploration and Production - Exploration and production (E&P) continuing operations recorded a loss of $124.9 million in 2016 compared to a loss of $2,010.9 million in 2015 and earnings of $1,189.8 million in 2014. Results from exploration and production operations improved $1,886.0 million in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to lower impairment expense, lower lease operating and depreciation expenses, lower deepwater rig contract exit costs, lower selling and general expenses and lower other expense. These improvements were partially offset by lower realized sales prices for oil and natural gas, lower oil and natural gas sales volumes, losses on open crude oil contracts in the 2016 period versus gains in the 2015 period, lower gains on assets sold and redetermination expense relating to its Kakap-Gumusut field in Block K Malaysia. Crude oil sales prices fell during 2016 in all areas of the Company’s operations, and crude oil price realizations averaged $42.38 per barrel in the current year compared to $47.99 per barrel in 2015, a price drop of 12% year over year. North America natural gas sales prices and Malaysia natural gas sold at Sarawak fell 25% and 23%, respectively, compared to 2015. Oil and gas extraction costs, including associated production taxes, on a per-unit basis, improved by 21% in 2016 and, together with lower oil and natural gas volumes sold, resulted in $865.5 million in lower costs.
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2016 vs. 2015 - Compared to 2015, total sales volumes in 2016 for crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids sales volumes fell 17%, 12% and 10%, respectively. Oil sale volumes were lower primarily due to lower production from the Company’s Eagle Ford Shale field and Syncrude and heavy oil fields in Canada due to well decline and significantly less drilling beginning in the last half of 2015 and continuing into 2016. Synthetic oil production in Canada decreased due to impacts from the sale of its interests in Syncrude at the end of the second quarter of 2016 and maintenance work and downtime associated with forest fires in the surrounding area leading up to the disposition. Heavy oil sales volumes in the Seal area of Canada were lower in 2016 due to well decline and uneconomic wells being shut-in. Lower oil production and sales in Malaysia was primarily attributable to natural well decline in most fields, partially offset by higher production at Kakap. Natural gas liquid sales volumes decreased primarily due to lower natural gas production in Eagle Ford Shale. Natural gas sales volumes decreased in North America due to lower gas volume in the Gulf of Mexico primarily in the Dalmatian field and lower volume from the Eagle Ford Shale area in south Texas, offset in part by higher gas production volumes in the Tupper area in Western Canada. Lower natural gas production in Malaysia was primarily due to higher unplanned downtime, lower net entitlement at Sarawak and more gas injection at Kikeh. Lease operating expenses declined $272.9 million in 2016 compared to 2015 essentially due to sale of interest in Syncrude, lower service costs, cost saving initiatives and a lower average foreign exchange rate in Canada. Severance and ad valorem taxes decreased by $22.0 million in 2016 primarily due to lower average realized sales prices for oil and natural gas volumes in the United States and lower well valuations due to significantly lower commodity prices. Exploration expenses were $369.1 million less in 2016 than the prior year primarily due to lower dry hole costs, lower geological and geophysical costs, lower exploration costs in other foreign areas and lower undeveloped lease amortization. Selling and general expenses in 2016 decreased by 14% versus 2015, or $29.8 million in E&P, as the Company implemented further key organizational changes including lowering contract staffing levels from the end of the prior year. Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense fell by $553.8 million due to both lower volumes sold and lower per-unit capital amortization rates. The lower capital amortization rates were primarily the result of impairment charges in the last half of 2015 and first quarter of 2016. Impairment expense associated with asset writedowns was approximately $95.1 million in 2016 compared to $2.5 billion in 2015. The decrease is primarily due to the significant 2015 writedowns of assets in oil and natural gas fields offshore Malaysia, the Seal heavy oil field in Western Canada and fields in deepwater Gulf of Mexico due to decline in oil prices. Impairments in the 2016 were at the Company’s Terra Nova field and Seal heavy oil field in Western Canada all of which were incurred in the first quarter of 2016 following further price declines from year-end 2015 levels. Redetermination expense of $39.1 million ($24.1 million after taxes) in 2016 related to an expected reduction in the Company’s working interest covering the period from inception through year-end 2016 at its non-operated Kakap-Gumusut field in Block K Malaysia. In February 2017, the Company received PETRONAS official approval to the redetermination change that reduces the Company’s working interest in oil operations to 6.67% effective at April 1, 2017. The Company expects to incur additional redetermination expense currently estimated at approximately $10 million before taxes during the first quarter of 2017 for the period from the beginning of the year until the redetermination effective adjustment date. The final redetermination adjustment will be settled in cash. Deepwater rig contract exit costs was a benefit of $4.3 million in 2016 due to lower final costs incurred and paid compared to estimated costs of $282.0 million recorded in 2015 for two deepwater rigs that were under contract in the Gulf of Mexico. These rigs were stacked before their contract expiration dates and the remaining obligations owed in 2016 under the contracts were expensed in 2015. Other operating expense was $60.4 million lower in the current year primarily due to recording estimated costs of remediating a site at the Seal field in a remote area of Alberta in 2015 and an adjustment of previously recorded exit costs in the current period associated with ceasing production operations in the Republic of Congo versus a charge in 2015 for uncollectible accounts receivables from partners in the Republic of Congo. Income tax benefits in 2016 were $155.1 million compared to benefits of $1.1 billion in the prior year. The benefits reported in 2015 were the result of large pretax losses, a significant portion of which was related to impairments, plus no local income taxes owed on the Malaysia sale and a deferred tax benefit due to the purchaser assuming certain future tax payment obligations upon the Malaysia sale. The effective tax rate in 2016 was 55.4% up from
35.6% in 2015. The 2016 period was favorably affected by deferred tax benefits recognized related to the Canadian asset dispositions and income tax benefits on investments in foreign exploration areas.
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2015 vs. 2014 - Compared to 2014, total sales volumes in 2015 for crude oil and natural gas fell 9% and 4%, respectively, while natural gas liquids sales volumes rose 8%. Oil sale volumes were lower primarily due to the sale of 30% of its interests in Malaysia over December 2014 and January 2015, partially offset by production growth in the Eagle Ford Shale and new fields brought on-stream in Malaysia in 2014. Natural gas liquid sales volumes increased in 2015 compared to 2014 due to growth in Eagle Ford Shale. Natural gas sales volumes fell in 2015 primarily due to the decline in Malaysia resulting from the sale of 30% of the Company’s interest but this was nearly offset by a 26% increase in Canada due to new wells in 2015 and in the second half of 2014 and improved recovery techniques. Heavy oil sales volumes in the Seal area of Canada were lower in 2015 due to well decline and uneconomic wells being shut-in. Also, more downtime for synthetic oil operations led to slightly lower sales volumes in 2015 compared to the prior year. Lease operating expenses declined $257.6 million in 2015 compared to 2014 essentially due to sale of interests in Malaysia, lower service costs, cost saving initiatives and a lower average foreign exchange rate in Canada. Severance and ad valorem taxes decreased by $41.4 million in 2015 primarily due to lower average realized sales prices for oil and natural gas volumes in the United States. Exploration expenses in 2015 were $42.7 million less than the prior year primarily due to lower geological and geophysical costs and lower exploration costs in other foreign areas. Selling and general expenses in 2015 decreased by 16% compared to 2014 as the Company implemented key organizational changes including lowering staffing levels by 20% from the end of the prior year. Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense fell by $289.6 million in 2015 due to both lower volume sold and lower per-unit capital amortization rates. Impairment expense associated with asset writedowns was approximately $2.5 billion in 2015 compared to $51 million in 2014. The increase in 2015 was primarily due to the significant decline in current and future oil prices during 2015 resulting in writedowns of assets in oil and natural gas fields offshore Malaysia, the Seal heavy oil field in Western Canada, and the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. Deepwater rig contract exit costs of $282.0 million were for two deepwater rigs that were under contract in the Gulf of Mexico and were stacked before their contract expiration dates. The remaining obligations owed in 2016 under the rig contracts were expensed in 2015. Other operating expense was $53.7 million higher in 2015 primarily due to recording estimated costs of remediating a site at the Seal field in a remote area of Alberta. Income tax benefits in 2015 were $1.1 billion compared to tax expense of $285.7 million in the prior year. The tax benefits reported in 2015 were the result of large pretax losses, a significant portion of which is related to impairments in 2015. Local income taxes owed on the Malaysia sale and a deferred tax benefit due to the purchaser assuming certain future tax payment obligations upon completion of the sale in Malaysia. The effective tax rate in 2015 was 35.6% up from 19.4% in 2014. The 2014 period was favorably effected by Malaysia tax benefits upon sale of 20% interest and higher U.S. tax benefits on foreign exploration areas. The results of operations for oil and gas producing activities for each of the last three years ended December 31, 2016, are shown by major operating areas on pages 113 and 114 of this Form 10-K report.
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A summary of oil and gas revenues is presented in the following table.
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The following table contains selected operating statistics for the three years ended December 31, 2016.
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1 The Company sold a 10% and 20% interest in Malaysia properties in January 2015 and December 2014, respectively. The Company
sold its 5% non-operated interest in Syncrude Canada Ltd. on June 23, 2016. Production in this table includes production for these sold
interests through the date of disposition.
2 Natural gas converted at a 6:1 ratio.
3 At December 31.
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The Company’s total crude oil and condensate production averaged 103,400 barrels per day in 2016, compared to 126,400 barrels per day in 2015 and 142,408 barrels per day in 2014. The 2016 crude oil production level was 18% below 2015. Crude oil production in the United States totaled 48,230 barrels per day in 2016, down from 61,119 barrels per day in 2015. The 21% decrease in U.S. crude oil production year over year was primarily due to well decline and significantly less drilling beginning in the last half of 2015 and continuing into 2016 in the Eagle Ford Shale area in south Texas. Heavy crude oil production in Western Canada fell from 5,341 barrels per day in 2015 to 2,766 barrels per day in 2016, with the reduction attributable to wells shut-in due to economic conditions and natural
well performance decline in the Seal area. Crude oil volumes produced offshore Eastern Canada totaled 8,737 barrels per day in 2016, up from 7,421 barrels per day in the previous year due to less unplanned maintenance in 2016. Synthetic crude oil production volume in Canada was 4,637 barrels per day in 2016 compared to 11,699 barrels per day in 2015 primarily due to the Company selling its 5% interest in Syncrude in June 2016. Crude oil production offshore Sarawak decreased from 15,249 barrels per day in 2015 to 13,365 barrels per day in 2016. Block K in Malaysia had crude oil production of 24,619 barrels per day in 2016, down from 25,456 barrels per day in 2015. Lower oil production in 2016 in Malaysia was primarily attributable to natural well decline at most fields, partially offset by higher production at Kakap.
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The Company’s total crude oil and condensate production averaged 126,400 barrels per day in 2015 compared to 142,408 barrels per day in 2014. The 2015 crude oil production level was 11% below 2014. On a pro-forma basis, assuming the sale of 30% of the Company’s interest in Malaysia properties occurred at the beginning of 2014, total hydrocarbon production for 2015 increased 4% compared to the 2014 period as adjusted for the sale. Crude oil production in the United States totaled 61,119 barrels per day in 2015, up from 59,900 barrels per day in 2014. The 2% increase in U.S. crude oil production year over year was primarily related to additional wells brought on production as part of an ongoing development drilling and completion program at Eagle Ford Shale in South Texas. Heavy crude oil production in Western Canada fell from 7,411 barrels per day in 2014 to 5,341 barrels per day in 2015, with the reduction attributable to wells shut-in due to economic conditions and natural well performance decline in the Seal area. Crude oil volumes produced offshore Eastern Canada totaled 7,421 barrels per day in 2015, off from 8,758 barrels per day in the previous year due to less production at Hibernia field primarily due to planned maintenance in 2015. Synthetic crude oil production volume in Canada was 11,699 barrels per day in 2015 compared to 11,997 barrels per day in 2014 due to impacts of unplanned outages offset in part by lower Canadian royalty rates. Crude oil production offshore Sarawak decreased from 20,274 barrels per day in 2014 to 15,249 barrels per day in 2015. Block K in Malaysia had crude oil production of 25,456 barrels per day in 2015, down from 34,021 barrels per day in 2014. Lower oil production in 2015 in Malaysia was primarily attributable to impacts from the sale of 30% of the Company’s total interest offset in part by production from new fields brought on-stream in 2014.
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The Company produced natural gas liquids (NGL) of 9,227 barrels per day in 2016, down from 10,234 barrels per day in 2015. The lower NGL volumes of 1,007 barrels per day in 2015 were mostly attributable to decreased natural gas produced from the Eagle Ford Shale and in the Gulf of Mexico.
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The Company produced NGL of 10,234 barrels per day in 2015, up from 9,239 barrels per day in 2014. The higher NGL volumes of 995 barrels per day in the current year were mostly attributable to the increase of 1,780 barrels per day in the Eagle Ford Shale, partially offset by well decline in Gulf of Mexico and the sale of 30% of its interests in Malaysia.
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Worldwide sales of natural gas were 378.2 million cubic feet (MMCF) per day in 2016, compared to 427.6 MMCF per day in 2015 and 446.0 MMCF per day in 2014. Natural gas sales volumes decreased in North America in 2016 compared to 2015 due to lower gas volume in the Gulf of Mexico primarily in the Dalmatian field and lower volume from the Eagle Ford Shale area in south Texas, offset in part by higher gas production volumes in the Tupper area in Western Canada. Lower natural gas production in Malaysia was primarily due to higher unplanned downtime, lower entitlement at Sarawak and more gas injection at Kikeh.
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Worldwide sales of natural gas were 427.6 million cubic feet (MMCF) per day in 2015 compared to 446.0 MMCF per day in 2014. Natural gas sales volumes decreased in 2015, primarily due to the decline in Malaysia after the sale of 30% of the Company’s interests, offset in part by higher gas production volumes in the Dalmatian field in the Gulf of Mexico, Eagle Ford Shale area in South Texas and Tupper area in Western Canada. Natural gas sales volumes in Canada improved from 156.5 MMCF per day in 2014 to 196.8 MMCF per day in 2015 due to wells added during 2015 and in the second half of 2014 and improved recovery techniques. At the Company’s fields offshore Sarawak Malaysia, gas production decreased from 168.7 MMCF per day in 2014 to 121.7 MMCF per day in 2015 due to sale of 30% interest in Malaysian properties. Natural gas sales volumes from Block K offshore Malaysia were 21.8 MMCF per day in 2015, down from 32.3 MMCF per day in 2014 due to the sale of 30% of the Company’s interests and higher downtime at the third party receiving facility.
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The following table contains the weighted average sales prices for the three years ended December 31, 2016.
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1 U.S. dollar equivalent.
2 Prices are net of payments under the terms of the respective production sharing contracts.
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The Company’s average worldwide realized sales price for crude oil and condensate from continuing operations was $42.38 per barrel in 2016 compared to $47.99 per barrel in 2015 and $87.23 per barrel in 2014. The average realized crude oil sales price was 12% lower in 2016 compared to prior year. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil averaged 11% less in 2016 compared to 2015. Dated Brent and Kikeh oil each sold for approximately 16% less in 2016, while Light Louisiana Sweet crude oil sold at 14% below 2015 levels. The average realized sales prices for U.S. crude oil and condensate amounted to $41.99 per barrel in 2016, 12% lower than 2015. Heavy oil produced in Canada brought $16.40 per barrel in 2016, a 30% decrease from 2015. The average sales price for crude oil produced offshore Eastern Canada declined 15% to $43.12 per barrel in 2016. The average realized sales price for the Company’s synthetic crude oil was $35.59 per barrel in 2016 down 25% from the prior year primarily due to the 2016 period average occurring over the first half of 2016 when prices received were lower than the second half of the year. Crude oil sold in Malaysia averaged $45.52 per barrel in 2016, 11% lower than in 2015.
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The Company’s average worldwide realized sales price for crude oil and condensate from continuing operations was $47.99 per barrel in 2015 compared to $87.23 per barrel in 2014. The average realized crude oil sales price was 45% lower in 2015 compared to prior year. WTI crude oil averaged 48% less in 2015 compared to 2014. Dated Brent and Kikeh oil each sold for approximately 47% less in 2015, while Light Louisiana Sweet crude oil sold at 46% below 2014 levels. The average realized sales prices for U.S. crude oil and condensate amounted to $47.84 per barrel in 2015, 47% lower than 2014. Heavy oil produced in Canada brought $23.28 per barrel in 2015, a 57% decrease from 2014, as a result of lower worldwide benchmark prices in the current year. The average sales price for crude oil produced offshore Eastern Canada declined 47% to $50.54 per barrel in 2015. The average realized sales price for the Company’s synthetic crude oil was $47.56 per barrel in 2015 down 47% from the prior year. Crude oil sold in Malaysia averaged $50.98 per barrel in 2015, 41% lower than in 2014.
The average sales price for NGL in 2016 was on par with prices realized during 2015 and is heavily concentrated in the United States. These NGL prices are generally weak compared to the comparable heating value of crude oil, primarily due to an oversupply of NGL with the recent drilling growth in U.S. shale plays exceeding refinery and other demand for this product. NGL was sold in the U.S. for an average of $11.72 per barrel in 2016, up 1% from the average price of $11.55 per barrel in 2015. NGL produced in Malaysia in 2016 was sold for an average of $38.30 per barrel, 24% below the 2015 average of $50.55 per barrel.
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The average sales price for NGL was lower in 2015 than 2014. NGL was sold in the U.S. for an average of $11.55 per barrel in 2015, down 57% from the average price of $26.83 per barrel in 2014. NGL produced in Malaysia in 2015 was sold for an average of $50.55 per barrel, 33% below the 2014 average of $75.18 per barrel.
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North American natural gas prices were weaker in 2016 than 2015, essentially driven by an unseasonably warm winter demand season that left U.S. natural gas inventories at record levels by the end of the first quarter 2016. The average posted price at Henry Hub in Louisiana was $2.48 per million British Thermal Units (MMBTU) in 2016 compared to $2.61 per MMBTU in 2015 and $4.33 per MMBTU in 2014. In 2016, U.S. natural gas was sold at an average of $1.89 per thousand cubic feet (MCF), an 18% decrease compared to 2015. Natural gas sold in Canada averaged $1.72 per MCF in 2016, down 27% from 2015. Natural gas sold in 2016 from Sarawak, Malaysia averaged $3.21 per MCF, down 24% from the prior year.
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North American natural gas prices were weaker in 2015 than 2014, essentially driven by record inventory levels and a warmer than normal fourth quarter in 2015. The average posted price at Henry Hub in Louisiana was $2.61 per MMBTU in 2015 compared to $4.33 per MMBTU in 2014. In 2015, U.S. natural gas was sold at an average of $2.31 per MCF, a 42% decrease compared to 2014. Natural gas sold in Canada averaged $2.35 per MCF in 2015, down 35% from 2014. Natural gas sold in 2015 from Sarawak, Malaysia averaged $4.23 per MCF, down 26% from the prior year.
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Based on 2016 sales volumes and deducting taxes at statutory rates, each $1.00 per barrel oil sales price fluctuation and $0.10 per MCF gas sales price fluctuation would have affected 2016 earnings from exploration and production continuing operations by $24.4 million and $9.5 million, respectively.
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Production-related expenses for continuing exploration and production operations during the last three years are shown in the following table.
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Cost per equivalent barrel sold for these production-related expenses are shown by geographical area in the following table.
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Lease operating expenses totaled $559.4 million in 2016, compared to $832.3 million in 2015 and $1,089.9 million in 2014. Lease operating expense per equivalent barrel in the Eagle Ford Shale decreased $1.17 on a per-unit basis due to lower service costs and cost-saving initiatives offset in part by lower volumes produced. Lease operating expense for conventional operations in Canada improved in 2016 by $0.30 per unit due to lower costs in the Seal heavy oil area and a lower Canadian dollar exchange rate offset in part by increased cost sharing for third party processing in the Tupper area. Synthetic oil operations costs per barrel increased by $2.27 per barrel primarily due to lower volumes produced prior to the disposition and higher maintenance cost resulting from unplanned downtime, offset in part by a lower Canadian dollar exchange rate. Lease operating expense in Sarawak decreased by $2.41 on a per-unit basis and benefited from lower logistics and maintenance cost in the 2016 period. Operating expense in Block K decreased by $1.97 on a per-unit basis and benefited from higher volumes produced at the main Kakap field.
Lease operating expenses totaled $832.3 million in 2015, compared to $1,089.9 million in 2014. Lease operating expense per equivalent barrel in the Eagle Ford Shale decreased nearly $1.00 on a per-unit basis due to lower service costs, cost-saving initiatives and higher volume produced. Gulf of Mexico cost per barrel declined $2.31 per equivalent barrel due to lower fixed charges for third party processing facility at Thunder Hawk, additional third-party cost sharing at the Thunder Hawk and Front Runner fields, cost saving initiatives, and lower major repairs, partially offset by lower volumes produced. Lease operating expense for conventional operations in Canada improved in 2015 due to lower costs in the Seal heavy oil area, increased cost sharing for third party processing in the Tupper area and a lower Canadian dollar exchange rate. Synthetic oil operations costs per barrel decreased by $14.51 per barrel in 2015 primarily due to lower Canadian dollar exchange rate, cost savings efforts and lower power costs. Operating expense in 2015 in Block K decreased by $1.84 on a per-unit basis and benefited from higher volumes produced at the main Kakap field.
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Severance and ad valorem taxes totaled $43.8 million in 2016, $65.8 million in 2015 and $107.2 million in 2014. Severance and ad valorem taxes in the United States in 2016 compared to 2015 were lower primarily due to weaker average commodity prices in the Eagle Ford Shale and lower well valuations. On a per barrel equivalent basis, Eagle Ford Shale production taxes were lower in 2015 than 2014 primarily for the same reasons.
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Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense for continuing exploration and production operations totaled $1,037.3 million in 2016, $1,607.9 million in 2015 and $1,897.5 million in 2014. The $570.6 million decrease in 2016 compared to 2015 was primarily due to lower per-unit capital amortization rates and lower oil and natural gas volume sold. Eagle Ford Shale rate per equivalent barrel decreased due to reserve additions and cost improvements on 2016 drilling activities. The unit cost in the Gulf of Mexico decreased in 2016 due to reserve additions, mix of production and lower unit rates due to impairment of assets. Canada conventional operations rate per barrel of oil equivalent decreased in 2016 due to a lower Canadian dollar exchange rate, higher mix of production from the Tupper area and impairments. Depreciation per barrel in both Sarawak and Block K improved in 2016 due primarily to the impairment of most of these assets in the prior year.
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Depreciation, depletion and amortization decreased $289.6 million in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to lower per-unit capital amortization rates and lower oil and natural gas volume sold. Eagle Ford Shale rate per equivalent barrel decreased due to reserve additions and cost improvements on 2015 drilling activities. The unit cost in the Gulf of Mexico decreased due to reserve additions, mix of production and lower unit rates due to impairment of assets. Canada conventional operations rate per barrel of oil equivalent decreased in 2015 due to a lower Canadian dollar exchange rate, higher mix of production from the Tupper area and impairment of the Seal heavy oil field. Depreciation per barrel in Sarawak improved in 2015 due to mix of production and the impairment of assets.
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Exploration expenses for continuing operations for each of the last three years are shown in total in the following table, and amounts are reported by major operating area on pages 113 and 114 on this Form 10-K report. Expenses other than undeveloped lease amortization are included in the capital expenditures total for exploration and production activities.
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Dry hole expense in 2016 was $281.7 million less than 2015 primarily due to lower overall exploration drilling. Dry hole cost in 2016 in Malaysia of $4.5 million is primarily attributable to one unsuccessful well in Block SK 314A. Dry hole cost in other foreign areas of $10.2 million in 2016 is primarily attributable to one unsuccessful well in Block 11-2/11 in Vietnam. Geological and geophysical (G&G) expense was $36.4 million lower in 2016 primarily due to reduced spending in Australia, Vietnam and Gulf of Mexico. Other exploratory costs of $29.9 million in 2016 was down $18.9 million compared to 2015 due to reduced spending in Australia, Equatorial Guinea, Namibia, and Gulf of Mexico. Undeveloped lease amortization costs were $32.0 million lower in 2016 primarily due to lower lease drops in Eagle Ford Shale area in the 2016 period.
Dry hole expense in 2015 was $26.8 million more than 2014 primarily due to expensing of wells in the Gulf of Mexico, Australia and Malaysia. Dry hole costs in the Gulf of Mexico of $241.3 million in 2015 were attributable to three unsuccessful wells in Mississippi Canyon and one well in Walker Ridge. Dry hole costs in 2015 in Malaysia of $29.7 million related to unsuccessful wildcat drilling in Blocks SK 2C and H. Dry hole cost in other foreign areas of $25.8 million in 2015 was attributable to three unsuccessful wells in Block WA-481-P in Australia. G&G expense was $49.6 million lower in 2015 primarily due to reduced spending in Namibia, Equatorial Guinea, Vietnam and Gulf of Mexico. Other exploratory costs of $48.8 million in 2015 was down $20.9 million compared to 2014. Exploration staff and office costs around the world were lower together with non-recurring costs in 2014 related to both a charge-off of shared drilling equipment improvement costs for a third-party rig that was released and a penalty associated with not drilling on a license in Indonesia.
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Impairment expense in 2016 for E&P operations decreased by $2,398.1 million compared to 2015. The current year expense, all incurred in the first quarter 2016 following further oil price declines from year-end 2015 levels, was for heavy oil properties in Western Canada and the Terra Nova field offshore Canada. Impairment expense in 2015 for E&P operations exceeded 2014 by $2,441.9 million. The 2015 period included significant noncash impairment expense of $2,493.2 million before tax and $1,660.0 million after-tax for producing offshore properties in Malaysia, producing heavy oil properties in Western Canada and producing and non-producing properties in the Gulf of Mexico. The 2015 impairments were the result of significant declines in current and future crude oil prices since the end of 2014.
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The exploration and production business recorded expenses of $46.7 million in 2016, $48.7 million in 2015 and $50.8 million in 2014 for accretion on discounted abandonment liabilities. Because the liability for future abandonment of wells and other facilities is carried on the balance sheet at a discounted fair value, accretion must be recorded annually so that the liability will be recorded at full value at the projected time of abandonment. The $2.0 million decrease in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily related to lower abandonment liabilities resulting from Canadian asset disposition, changes in estimates and a lower Canadian dollar exchange rate. The $2.1 million decrease in 2015 compared to 2014 primarily related to lower abandonment liabilities following the sale of 30% interest in Malaysia assets and a lower Canadian dollar exchange rate.
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The effective income tax rate for exploration and production continuing operations was 55.4% in 2016, 35.6% in 2015 and 19.4% in 2014. The effective tax rate in 2016 was above the tax rate in 2015 and the statutory U.S. tax rate of 35.0%. The 2016 period benefited from deferred tax benefits recognized related to the Canadian asset dispositions and income tax benefits on investments in foreign exploration areas. The effective tax rate in 2015 was above the tax rate in 2014 and near the statutory U.S. tax rate of 35.0%. The 2014 period included tax benefits related to certain future Malaysia tax obligations assumed by the purchaser of 20% of the Malaysia assets near the end of 2014 plus tax benefits realized for past exploratory expenses incurred in Block H, prior to a sanctioned field development plan, together with income tax benefits associated with investments in exploration operations the Company exited in the 2014 period. Tax jurisdictions with no current tax benefit on expenses primarily include certain non-revenue generating areas in Malaysia as well as other foreign exploration areas in which the Company operates. Each main exploration area in Malaysia is currently considered a distinct taxable entity and expenses in certain areas may not be used to offset revenue generated in other areas. Through 2016, no tax benefits have thus far been recognized for costs incurred for Blocks PM 311/312, offshore Peninsular Malaysia, and Block SK 314 A and Block SK 2C offshore Sarawak, Malaysia.
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At December 31, 2016, 100.5 million barrels of the Company’s U.S. crude oil proved reserves, 15.7 million barrels of U.S. NGL proved reserves and 80.5 billion cubic feet of U.S. natural gas proved reserves were undeveloped. In the U.S., total proved undeveloped reserves represent 45% of total proved reserves on a barrel of oil equivalent basis as of December 31, 2016. Approximately 92% of the total U.S. undeveloped reserves (on a barrel of oil equivalent basis) are associated with the Company’s Eagle Ford Shale operations in South Texas. Further drilling and facility construction are generally required to move the undeveloped reserves in the Eagle Ford Shale area to developed. The deepwaters of the Gulf of Mexico accounted for the remaining 8% of proved undeveloped reserves at December 31, 2016. In the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, undeveloped natural gas proved reserves totaled 619.9 billion cubic feet, with the migration of these reserves, primarily in the Tupper and Tupper West areas, dependent on both development drilling and completion of processing and transportation facilities. In Block K Malaysia, oil proved undeveloped reserves of 12.8 million barrels are primarily at the Kikeh field, where undeveloped proved oil reserves are subject to further drilling before being moved to developed. Also in Malaysia, there were 359.3 billion cubic feet of undeveloped natural gas proved reserves at various offshore fields at year-end 2016. These undeveloped natural gas reserves in Malaysia are mainly associated with Block H, where a development project commenced following sanction in 2014. On a worldwide basis, the Company spent approximately $494.3 billion in 2016, $1.74 billion in 2015 and $3.21 billion in 2014 to develop proved reserves.
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Refining and Marketing - The Company has now transitioned to a fully independent oil and gas exploration and production company. Murphy formerly had a significant U.K. refining and marketing business. In 2014, Murphy Oil sold its U.K. retail marketing business. In 2014, the Company decided to decommission and abandon the Milford Haven, Wales refinery. The Company sold the remainder of its U.K. downstream assets in 2015. The U.K. downstream business is reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Further discussion of the results of discontinued operations is included below.
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Corporate - The after-tax costs of corporate activities, which include interest income and expense, foreign exchange effects, and corporate overhead not allocated to operating functions were $149.1 million in 2016, $244.9 million in 2015 and $164.8 million in 2014.
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The net costs of Corporate activities in 2016 were favorable to 2015 by $95.8 million mostly due to higher tax benefits and lower administrative cost, partially offset by lower 2016 benefits from foreign currency exchange and higher net interest costs. Interest income was $1.1 million unfavorable in 2016 compared to 2015 due to lower average invested cash balances in Canada. The after-tax effects of foreign currency exchange were a gain of $52.3 million in 2016, $34.4 million lower than in 2015. These effects arose due to transactions denominated in currencies other than the respective operations predominant functional currency. The foreign currency gain recognized in 2016 was mostly realized in Canada relating to a $1.1 billion inter-company loan with a foreign subsidiary denominated in U.S. dollars. The Canadian operation’s functional currency is the Canadian dollar. In Malaysia, following impairments in the prior period and lower taxable earnings, the Country has net deferred tax assets and prepaid current income tax amounts reported in its balance sheet. The change in income tax position in the current year was less dramatic than the prior year and led to a lower benefit relating to income taxes in local currency. The Malaysian operation’s functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Administrative expenses associated with corporate activities were lower in 2016 by $11.7 million, primarily due to lower employee compensation expense. Depreciation expense was $4.9 million higher in 2016 compared to 2015 due to depreciation of both the new corporate building and from installation of newly acquired software. Interest expense in 2016 was $27.8 million higher than 2015 due principally to higher average interest rates in the 2016 period due to an increase of 1% on the coupon rates on $1.5 billion of the Company’s outstanding notes effective June 1, 2016 following a credit downgrade of the Company by Moody’s Investor Services in February 2016. Additionally, interest expense increased in 2016 due to issuance of $550 million of 8-year, 6.875% notes in August 2016. Total benefit for income taxes was higher in 2016 compared to 2015 by $148.6 million. The improvement in 2016 is due primarily to a U.S deferred tax charge of $188.5 million associated with a $2.0 billion distribution from a foreign subsidiary in the 2015 period.
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The net costs of Corporate activities in 2015 were unfavorable to 2014 by $80.1 million mostly due to higher tax expense related to a U.S deferred tax charge of $188.5 million associated with a $2.0 billion distribution from a foreign subsidiary, partially offset by higher foreign currency exchange gains and lower administrative costs. Interest income was $3.7 million unfavorable in 2015 compared to 2014 due to lower average invested cash balances in Canada. The after-tax effect of foreign currency exchange was a gain of $86.7 million in 2015, $46.8 million higher than in 2014. These effects arose due to transactions denominated in currencies other than the respective operations predominant functional currency. The foreign currency gain recognized in 2015 was mostly realized in Malaysia, where a weaker Malaysian ringgit led to a benefit from lower income tax obligations payable in local currency. The Malaysian operation’s functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Administrative expenses associated with corporate activities were lower in 2015 by $22.4 million, primarily due to lower employee compensation expense. Depreciation expense was $3.2 million higher in 2015 compared to 2014 due to depreciation of certain obsolete assets and installation of new software. Total provision for income taxes was higher in 2015 compared to 2014 by $142.9 million due primarily to the aforementioned deferred tax on a foreign distribution, partially offset by benefits related to changes in prior-year estimated taxes following the filing of the 2014 tax return.
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Discontinued Operations - The Company has presented a number of businesses as discontinued operations in its consolidated financial statements. These businesses principally include:
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U.K. refining and marketing operations (R&M). The Company decommissioned the Milford Haven refinery units and completed the sale of its remaining downstream assets in the U.K. in the second quarter of 2015 for cash proceeds of $5.5 million. The Company has accounted for the U.K. downstream business as discontinued operations for all periods presented.
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U.K. oil and gas assets sold through a series of transactions in the first half of 2013.
The results of these discontinued operations for the last three years are reflected in the following table.
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The loss from U.K. R&M operations of $2.5 million in 2016 was primarily related to foreign exchange losses and administrative expenses.
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The loss in 2015 from U.K. R&M operations of $14.8 million was primarily related to loss on sale of assets, employee severance costs, legal fees and other abandonment costs related to asset closures. The Company sold the finished product terminal operations during 2015 for cash proceeds of $5.5 million.
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Capital Expenditures
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As shown in the selected financial data on page 22 of this Form 10-K report, capital expenditures from continuing operations, including exploration expenditures, were $811.5 million in 2016, $2.19 billion in 2015 and $3.76 billion in 2014. These amounts excluded capital expenditures of $0.2 million in 2015 and $12.3 million in 2014 related to discontinued operations, which were associated with U.K. R&M operations that were either sold or shuttered at the end of 2014. Capital expenditures included $58.5 million, $395.5 million and $439.2 million, respectively, in 2016, 2015 and 2014 for exploration costs that were expensed.
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Capital expenditures for exploration and production continuing operations totaled $789.7 million in 2016, $2.13 billion in 2015 and $3.74 billion in 2014.
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E&P capital expenditures in 2016 included $18.6 million for lease acquisitions principally in the U.S., $206.7 for a property acquisition in Kaybob Duvernay and Placid Montney in Alberta, Canada, $70.1 million for exploration activities, and $494.3 million for oil and gas project developments. U.S. lease acquisitions included new leases acquired onshore and in the Gulf of Mexico. Exploration activities included drilling wells in the Gulf of Mexico, Malaysia, Australia and Vietnam. Additionally, exploration activities included seismic acquisition in the Gulf of Mexico and other areas, primarily related to prospects in Australia and Southeast Asia. Development capital expenditures in 2016 included $226.9 million for the drilling and completion program in the Eagle Ford Shale; $10.3 million for Gulf of Mexico development activities including Kodiak and Dalmatian South; $118.6 million for development work in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin; $3.4 million for the Syncrude project; $32.3 million combined for Hibernia and Terra Nova; $3.4 million for development projects in deepwater Malaysia, including Kikeh, Kakap and Siakap; $72.4 million for oil and natural gas projects offshore Sarawak Malaysia; and $16.7 million for development of a Floating Liquified Natural Gas (FLNG) project for Block H Malaysia.
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E&P capital expenditures in 2015 included $12.6 million for lease acquisitions principally in the U.S., $371.9 million for exploration activities, and $1.74 billion for oil and gas project developments. U.S. lease acquisitions included acreage extensions in the Eagle Ford Shale as well as new leases acquired in the Gulf of Mexico. Exploration activities included drilling wells in the Gulf of Mexico, Malaysia, Australia and Vietnam. Additionally, exploration activities included seismic acquisition in the Gulf of Mexico and other areas, primarily related to prospects in Australia and Southeast Asia. Development capital expenditures in 2015 included $830.2 million for the drilling and completion program in the Eagle Ford Shale; $508.6 million for Gulf of Mexico development activities including Kodiak and Dalmatian South; $116.5 million for development work in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin; $23.6 million for the Syncrude project; $41.7 million combined for Hibernia and Terra Nova; $67.8 million for development projects in deepwater Malaysia, including Kikeh, Kakap and Siakap; $144.3 million for oil and natural gas projects offshore Sarawak Malaysia; and $23.8 million for development of a FLNG project for Block H Malaysia.
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E&P capital expenditures in 2014 included $92.9 million for U.S. lease acquisitions, $430.1 million for exploration activities, and $3.21 billion for oil and gas project developments. U.S. lease acquisitions included acreage extensions in the Eagle Ford Shale as well as new leases acquired in the Gulf of Mexico. Exploration activities included drilling wells in the Gulf of Mexico, Cameroon, Indonesia and Vietnam. Additionally, exploration activities included seismic acquisition in the Gulf of Mexico and other areas, primarily related to prospects in Southeast Asia and West Africa. Development capital expenditures in 2014 included $1.52 billion for the drilling and completion program in the Eagle Ford Shale; $373.7 million for Gulf of Mexico development activities;
$286.0 million for development work in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin; $92.5 million for the Syncrude project; $64.5 million combined for Hibernia and Terra Nova; $562.9 million for development projects in deepwater
Malaysia, including Kikeh, Kakap and Siakap; and $299.3 million for oil and natural gas projects offshore Sarawak Malaysia.
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Exploration and production capital expenditures are shown by major operating area on page 112 of this Form 10-K report.
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Cash Flows
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Operating activities - Cash provided by operating activities of continuing operations was $600.8 million in 2016, $1.18 billion in 2015 and $3.05 billion in 2014. Cash flows associated with formerly owned U.K. oil and gas production businesses and U.K. downstream businesses have been classified as discontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Cash flow provided by continuing operations was $582.6 million lower in 2016 than in 2015 due to generally weaker crude oil and natural gas sales prices in 2016 together with lower volume sold, partially offset by lower lease operating expenses and lower severance and ad valorem taxes. Additionally, 2016 operating cash flows were reduced by $266.6 million relating to payments for deepwater rig contract exit. Cash flow provided by continuing operations was $1.87 million lower in 2015 compared to 2014 due to generally weaker crude oil and natural gas sales prices in 2015 partially offset by lower lease operating expenses and lower severance and ad valorem taxes. Cash provided by operating activities was reduced by expenditures for abandonment of oil and gas properties totaling $20.6 million in 2016, $13.4 million in 2015 and $36.8 million in 2014. Operating cash flows were reduced by payments of income taxes of $6.7 million in 2016, $118.7 million in 2015 and $573.8 million in 2014. The total reductions of operating cash flows for interest paid during the three years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $111.4 million, $117.7 million and $134.8 million, respectively.
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Investing activities - Capital expenditures of the exploration and production business represent the most significant spend component of investing activities. Property additions and dry hole costs for continuing operations used cash of $926.9 million in 2016, $2.55 billion in 2015 and $3.68 billion in 2014. Cash of $695.9 million, $911.8 million and $986.3 million was spent in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, to acquire Canadian government securities with maturities greater than 90 days at the time of purchase. Proceeds from maturities or sales of Canadian government securities with maturities greater than 90 days at date of acquisition were $761.0 million in 2016, $1,129.1 million in 2015 and $899.9 million in 2014. Proceeds from sales of assets generated cash of $1.15 billion in 2016, $423.9 million in 2015 and $1.47 billion in 2014. The 2016 proceeds primarily arose due to sale of Syncrude and natural gas processing and sales pipeline assets that support natural gas fields in the Tupper area in Canada, and 2015 proceeds primarily related to sale of 10% of the Company’s oil and gas assets in Malaysia.
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Financing activities - During 2016, the Company borrowed $541.4 million by issuing 6.875% notes maturing in 2024. The Company used $600.0 million cash during 2016 to repay long-term debt under its 2011 revolving credit facility. The Company paid $250.0 million in 2015 and $375.0 million in 2014 to repurchase 5.97 million shares and 6.37 million shares, respectively, of its Common stock. Cash used for dividends to stockholders was $206.6 million in 2016, $245.0 million in 2015 and $236.4 million in 2014. The Company decreased its normal dividend rate by 29% in 2016 as the annualized dividend was lowered from $1.40 per share to $1.00 per share effective in the third quarter 2016. In 2016, 2015 and 2014, cash of $1.1 million, $9.0 million and $6.8 million, respectively, was used to pay statutory withholding taxes on stock-based incentive awards that vested with a net-of-tax payout.
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Discontinued operations - The Company’s discontinued operations in the U.K. required operating cash flow of $15.0 million in 2015 and $39.6 million in 2014. The 2015 activities primarily related to the U.K. refinery and terminal operations which were sold in June 2015. The 2014 period included the U.K. refining and marketing activities which had poor refining margins prior to shutdown of the refinery at Milford Haven in May 2014. In 2015, the sale of U.K. terminal assets generated cash of $5.0 million, and in 2014, the sale of U.K. retail marketing assets generated cash of $212.0 million. In connection with the sales of the various U.K. assets, the Company repatriated cash from the U.K. of $184 million in 2015, and $250 million in 2014. Cash utilized for other investing activities of discontinued operations totaled $12.5 million in 2014 which mostly related to cash payments for capital expenditures. At December 31, 2016, the Company’s U.K. discontinued operations had cash of $4.1 million. This cash is classified within Current assets held for sale on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at year-end 2016, effectively removing this amount from the Company’s reported cash balance. This cash balance was $3.8 million lower than the cash balance of $7.9 million classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2015, primarily due to expenses related to continued efforts to shutdown operations.
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Financial Condition
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Working capital (total current assets less total current liabilities) amounted to $56.7 million at year-end 2016. Total working capital increased in 2016 primarily due to cash generated from asset dispositions that were used to fund capital expenditures, deepwater rig contract exit cost and other accrued cost and operating activities. The Company had a working capital deficit of $277.4 million at year-end 2015. Cash and cash equivalents at the end of 2016 totaled $872.8 million compared to $283.2 million at year-end 2015. The increase in 2016 primarily related to cash generated from issuance of $550.0 million in long-term notes, plus cash received from asset dispositions, offset by capital expenditures, deepwater rig exit costs and pay down of $600.0 million of long-term debt. In addition to the Company’s cash position, it held short-term investments in Canadian government treasury securities of $111.5 million at year-end 2016, down $61.7 million compared to 2015. These short-term investments decreased in 2016 primarily due to an intercompany loan to an affiliated company. These slightly longer-term Canadian investments were purchased in each year because of a tight supply of shorter-term securities available for purchase in Canada. These short-term Canadian government investments could quickly be converted to cash if a need for funds in Canada should arise.
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Long-term debt at year-end 2016 was $617.8 million lower than year-end 2015. The decrease in debt in 2016 was primarily due to repayment of $600.0 million in debt drawn at year-end 2015 under its 2011 revolving credit facility. At December 31, 2016, long-term debt represented 33.0% of total capital employed. Long-term debt at year-end 2015 was $522.9 million higher than year-end 2014. The debt increase in 2015 was primarily due to capital expenditures, share buyback and cash dividends, which in total exceeded cash generated from operating activities. At December 31, 2015, long-term debt represented 36.4% of total capital employed. Stockholders’ equity was $4.92 billion at the end of 2016, $5.31 billion at the end of 2015 and $8.57 billion at the end of 2014. Stockholders equity declined in 2016 primarily due to net loss incurred and cash dividends on its common stock, partially offset by an improvement in the foreign currency translation balance due to a stronger Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar during the year. Stockholders equity declined in 2015 primarily due to impairments of assets, $250.0 million of Common stock repurchases during the year and a reduction in the balance of foreign currency translation due to a weakening of the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar during the year.
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Other significant changes in Murphy’s year-end 2016 balance sheet compared to 2015 included a $165.6 million decrease in accounts receivable, primarily caused by lower joint interest receivables and a decline in fair value of open positions of outstanding crude oil derivative contracts. Inventory values were $39.7 million less at year-end 2016 than in 2015 mostly due to loss on materials inventory and transfer of certain long-lived inventory to property, plant and equipment. Current assets held for sale amounted to $27.1 million at December 31, 2016 and $38.3 million at December 31, 2015. The year-end 2016 amount primarily included cash held by the U.K. downstream business, amounts receivable for sales of scrap metal and other materials as the refinery is dismantled, and a short-term tax receivable expected to be collected in 2017. Net property, plant and equipment decreased by $1.5 billion in 2016 primarily due to depreciation, impairments of assets, sale of Synthetic oil operations and disposition of Montney midstream assets in the Company’s Canadian operations. Deferred charges and other assets increased $142.3 million in 2016 due primarily to a higher net deferred tax asset position in the U.S. and Malaysia and issuance cost of the Company’s 2016 revolving credit facility. Current maturities of long-term debt at year-end 2016 was $550.9 million higher than at the prior year-end due to reclassification of $550.0 million notes maturing in December 2017 from long term debt. Accounts payable decreased by $744.9 million at year-end 2016 compared to 2015 primarily due to payments for capital expenditures incurred at year-end 2015, lower accrued capital expenditures at year-end 2016, and payments in 2016 for deepwater rig exit costs. Other taxes payable decreased $10.3 million in 2016 primarily due to lower ad valorem and production taxes. Other accrued liabilities were $27.5 million higher in 2016 compared to 2015 primarily related to higher interest payable on long term notes and higher costs owed to employees. Current liabilities associated with assets held for sale of $2.8 million at December 31, 2016 decreased $4.5 million compared to the prior year-end primarily due to lower costs owed to employees and third parties. Noncurrent deferred income tax liabilities were $170.7 million lower at year-end 2016 mostly due to impairment of assets and asset dispositions. The noncurrent liability associated with future asset retirement obligations decreased by $111.9 million at year-end 2016 also mostly due to obligations assumed by the purchaser of Syncrude and Montney midstream operations and reclassification of liabilities associated with the sale of Seal fields in Canada to Liabilities associated with assets held for sale. Total stockholders’ equity of the Company decreased by $386.3 billion in 2016. A summary of transactions in stockholders’ equity accounts is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity on page 63 of this Form 10-K report.
Murphy had commitments for future capital projects of approximately $585.7 million at December 31, 2016. These commitments included $224.5 million for field development and future work in Malaysia, $157.0 million for development at Kaybob Duvernay in Canada, $107.0 million for work in the Eagle Ford Shale, $25.2 million for costs to develop deepwater Gulf of Mexico fields, and $27.2 million and $12.8 million for future work commitments offshore Vietnam and Brunei.
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The primary sources of the Company’s liquidity are internally generated funds, access to outside financing and working capital. The Company uses its internally generated funds to finance the major portion of its capital and other expenditures, but it also maintains lines of credit with banks and borrows as necessary to meet spending requirements. In August 2016, the Company entered into a new $1,200,000,000 senior unsecured guaranteed credit facility (“2016 facility”) with a major banking consortium. The 2016 facility expires in August 2019. Facility fees of 0.5% are charged annually on the full 2016 facility commitment. The Company incurred transaction costs of approximately $14,000,000 to place the 2016 facility which are included in financing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. At December 31, 2016, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the 2016 facility, however, there was approximately $88,000,000 of outstanding letters of credit under the 2016 facility. The 2016 facility is unsecured, with guarantees from certain domestic and foreign subsidiaries. Should the Company make substantial asset sales, the facility size would be automatically reduced to a minimum of $1,000,000,000. Borrowings under the 2016 facility are subject to varying interest rates ranging from 250 to 450 basis points above LIBOR, with the borrowing rate currently at the high end of the range. The terms of the 2016 facility include certain financial covenants for the Company. These financial covenants include a minimum Adjusted EBITDAX (as defined in the 2016 facility) for the last twelve months (LTM) of 2.5 times LTM consolidated interest expense, consolidated debt not to exceed 3.75 times LTM Adjusted EBITDAX, and minimum liquidity from U.S. and Canadian entities equal to or greater than $500,000,000. Also beginning March 31, 2017, if the Company’s total leverage ratio exceeds 3.25 times the Company’s LTM Adjusted EBITDAX, the facility will become secured, subject to limitations set forth in the Company’s existing notes. On December 21, 2016, the 2016 facility was amended. The amendment reduced the facility to $1,100,000,000 and removed the guarantee from Murphy Oil Company, Ltd (MOCL) conditional upon the Company meeting certain additional financial covenants. Should the Company exceed $500,000,000 of borrowings on the 2016 facility or consolidated debt exceeds 4.25 times LTM Adjusted EBITDAX excluding MOCL then the guarantee from MOCL would be re-instated. The covenant for consolidated debt as a multiple of LTM Adjusted EBITDAX excluding MOCL lowers to 4.0 times beginning September 30, 2017. In August 2016, the Company reduced its existing $2,000,000,000 unsecured revolving credit facility (“2011 facility”) with a major banking consortium to $630,000,000. The existing unsecured 2011 facility, which expires in June 2017, includes a financial covenant under which the Company may not have total debt in excess of 60% of its total capital employed (debt borrowed plus stockholders’ equity). At December 31, 2016, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the 2011 facility. The Company’s ratio of long-term debt to total capital was 33.0% at year-end 2016. At December 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to both the 2016 facility and the 2011 facility.
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In October 2015, the Company renewed its shelf registration statement on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission that permits the offer and sale of debt and/or equity securities. The current shelf registration will expire in October 2018. Current financing arrangements are set forth more fully in Note F to the consolidated financial statements. Based on current maturities of debt, the anticipated level of 2017 capital expenditures for the Company, coupled with the current price environment for crude oil and existing annual shareholder dividend levels, the Company anticipates that it may need to borrow funds under its long-term credit facility during 2017. The Company’s earnings for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were inadequate to cover fixed charges by $477.0 million and $3.3 billion, respectively. The Company’s ratio of earnings to fixed charges was 7.9 to 1 in 2014.
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Cash and invested cash are maintained in several operating locations outside the United States. At December 31, 2016, cash, cash equivalents and cash temporarily invested in Canadian government securities with greater than 90 day maturities held outside the U.S. included $210 million in Canada and $262 million in Malaysia. In addition, approximately $4 million of cash was held in the U.K. and has been classified as part of Assets held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at year-end 2016. In certain cases, the Company could incur cash taxes or other costs should these cash balances be repatriated to the U.S. in future periods. This could occur due to withholding taxes and/or potential additional U.S. tax burden when less than the U.S. tax rate of 35% has been paid for cash taxes in foreign locations. A lower cash tax rate is often paid in the U.S. and foreign countries in the early years of operations when accelerated tax deductions exist to incentivize oil and gas investments; cash tax rates are generally higher in later years after accelerated tax deductions in early years are exhausted. Canada collects a 5% withholding tax on any cash repatriated to the U.S. See Note I of the consolidated financial statements for further information regarding potential tax expense that could be incurred upon distribution of foreign earnings back to the United States.
Environmental Matters
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Murphy faces various environmental and safety risks that are inherent in exploring for, developing and producing hydrocarbons. To help manage these risks, the Company has established a robust health, safety and environment governance program comprised of a worldwide policy, guiding principles, annual goals and a management system, with appropriate oversight at the business unit, senior leadership and board levels. The Company strives to minimize these risks by continually improving its processes through design, operation and maintenance, and through emergency and oil spill response planning to address any credible and major risks it identifies through impact assessments.
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Murphy and other companies in the oil and gas industry are subject to numerous international, national, state, provincial and local environmental and safety laws and regulations. Murphy allocates a portion of its capital expenditure program, as well as its general and administrative budget, to comply with existing and anticipated environmental laws and regulations. These requirements affect virtually all operations of the Company and increase Murphy’s overall cost of business, including its capital costs to construct, maintain and upgrade equipment and facilities, and operating costs for ongoing compliance.
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The principal environmental laws and regulations to which Murphy is subject address such matters as the generation, storage, handling, use, disposal and remediation of petroleum products, wastewater and hazardous materials, the emission and discharge of such materials to the environment, greenhouse gas emissions, wildlife, habitat and water protection and the placement, operation and decommissioning of production equipment. These laws and regulations also generally require permits for existing operations, as well as the construction or development of new operations. Any violation of applicable environmental laws, regulations or permits can give rise to significant civil and criminal penalties, injunctions, construction bans and delays, and other sanctions.
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These laws, regulations and permits have been subject to frequent change and tended to become more stringent over time. The change in the federal administration creates uncertainty in future changes as well as the enforcement of existing laws and regulations. In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency has implemented requirements to reduce sulfur dioxide, volatile organic compound and hazardous air pollutant air emissions from oil and gas operations, including standards for wells that are hydraulically fractured. Any current or future air emission or other environmental requirements applicable to Murphy’s businesses could curtail its operations or otherwise result in operational delays, liabilities and increased costs.
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Certain jurisdictions in which the Company operates have required, or are considering requiring, more stringent permitting, chemical disclosure, transparency, water usage, disposal and well construction requirements. Regulators are also becoming increasingly focused on air emissions from the oil and gas industry, including volatile organic compound and methane emissions.
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Murphy also could be subject to strict liability for environmental contamination, in various jurisdictions where we operate, including with respect to its current or former properties, operations and waste disposal sites, or those of its predecessors. Contamination has been identified at certain of such sites as a result of which the Company has been required and in the future may be required to remove or remediate previously disposed wastes, clean up contaminated soil, surface water and groundwater, address spills and leaks from pipelines and production equipment, and perform remedial plugging operations. In addition to significant investigation and remediation costs, such matters can result in fines and also give rise to third party claims for personal injury and property or other environmental damage.
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In early 2015, the Company’s subsidiary in Canada identified a leak or leaks at an infield condensate transfer pipeline at the Seal field in a remote area of Alberta. The pipeline was immediately shut down and the Company’s emergency response plan was activated. In cooperation with local governmental regulators, and with the assistance of qualified consultants, an investigation and remediation plan is progressing as planned and the Company’s insurers were notified. The Company has not yet established a complete estimate of the costs to remediate the site. Based on the assessments done to date, the Company recorded $43.9 million in Other expense in the 2015 Consolidated Statements of Operations associated with the estimated costs of remediating the site. The Company has spent $35.3 million from inception to the end of 2016. Further refinements in the estimated total cost to remediate the site are anticipated in future periods including possible fines from regulators and insurance recoveries. It is possible that the ultimate net remediation costs to the Company associated with the condensate leak or leaks will exceed the amount of liability recorded.
Murphy allocates a portion of its capital expenditure program to comply with environmental laws and regulations, and such capital expenditures were approximately $13 million in 2016. This spending is projected to be approximately $12 million in 2017 as the result of continued reduced overall capital project spending associated with low oil and gas prices.
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Climate Change
Murphy is currently required to report greenhouse gas emissions from certain of its operations and, in British Columbia and Alberta, is subject to a carbon tax on the purchase or use of many carbon-based fuels. Additionally, starting in 2017, a carbon tax will apply to certain operations in Alberta. The Canadian Government has announced a proposal that all other provinces and territories implement some form of carbon pricing by 2018. Any limitation on or further regulation of, greenhouse gases (including through a cap and trade system) technology mandate, emissions tax, reporting requirement or other program, could restrict the Company’s operations, curtail demand for hydrocarbons generally and/or impose increased costs, including to operate and maintain facilities, install pollution emission controls and administer and manage emissions trading programs.
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Safety Matters
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The Company is subject to the requirements of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) and comparable foreign and state laws that regulate the protection of the health and safety of workers. In addition, the OSHA hazard communication standard requires that certain information be maintained about hazardous materials used or produced in Murphy’s operations and that this information be provided to employees, state and local government authorities and citizens. The Company believes that its operations are in substantial compliance with applicable safety requirements, including general industry standards, record-keeping requirements and the monitoring of occupational exposure to regulated substances.
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Other Matters
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Impact of inflation - General inflation was moderate during the last three years in most countries where the Company operates; however, the Company’s revenues and capital and operating costs are influenced to a larger extent by specific price changes in the oil and gas and allied industries than by changes in general inflation. Crude oil prices generally reflect the balance between supply and demand, with crude oil prices being particularly sensitive to OPEC production levels and/or attitudes of traders concerning supply and demand in the near future. Prices for oil field goods and services are usually affected by the worldwide prices for crude oil.
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Prior to the oil price collapse in late 2014 and 2015, the cost for oil field goods and services had generally risen in the preceding years. As noted elsewhere, oil prices have been extremely volatile over the last several years, as oil prices were quite strong in recent years, before declining dramatically beginning in the fourth quarter of 2014 and continuing into the first half of 2016 due to an oversupply of crude oil in the global marketplace. With the decline in oil prices, the demand for goods and services has been diminished, which led to significant downward pressure on the prices of these goods and services. Natural gas prices are also affected by supply and demand, which are often affected by the weather and by the fact that delivery of gas is generally restricted to specific geographic areas. North American natural gas prices have been weak due to an oversupply of natural gas in this market. The recent severe pullback in crude oil prices has led many oil companies, including Murphy, to seek price concessions from suppliers of oil field goods and services. Due to the overall volatility of oil and natural gas prices, it is not possible to predict the Company’s future cost of oil field goods and services.
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Accounting changes and recent accounting pronouncements
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Leases. In February 2016, The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued an Accounting Standards Update (ASU) to increase transparency and comparability among companies by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The main difference between previous generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and this ASU is the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. The new standard is effective for financial statements issued for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. The Company anticipates adopting this guidance in 2019 and is currently analyzing its portfolio of contracts to assess the impact on its consolidated financial statements.
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Compensation-Stock Compensation. In March 2016, the FASB issued an ASU intended to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification within the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early
adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim period or annual period. The Company will adopt this guidance in 2017 and is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.
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Revenue from Contracts with Customers. In May 2014, the FASB issued an ASU to establish a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard for contracts with customers that will supersede most current revenue recognition requirements and industry-specific guidance. The codification was amended through additional ASU’s and, as amended, requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Additional disclosures will be required to describe the nature, amount, timing and uncertainly of revenue and cash flows from contracts with customers. The Company is required to adopt the new standard in the first quarter of 2018 using either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is performing an initial review of contracts in each of its revenue streams and is developing accounting policies to address the provisions of the ASU. While the Company does not currently expect net earnings to be materially impacted, the Company is analyzing whether total revenues and expenses will be significantly impacted. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of this and other provisions of the ASU on its accounting policies, internal controls, and consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, and has not finalized any estimates of the potential impacts. The Company will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method with a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings.
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Statement of Cash Flows. In August 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. This amendment provides guidance on specific cash flow issues including debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instrument with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, and distributions received from equity method investees. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.
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Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. In November 2015, the FASB issued an ASU that requires entities with a classified balance sheet to present all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. The current requirement that deferred tax assets and liabilities of a tax-paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by the amendment. The Company is required to adopt the ASU effective in the first quarter of 2017, but early adoption is permitted. The Company elected to adopt this ASU in 2016 using a retrospective approach. As a result of adoption, the Company reclassified $51.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, from short term deferred income taxes to long term deferred income taxes, which is now included in Deferred charges and other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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Business Combinations. In January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to assist in determining whether a transaction should be accounted for as an acquisition or disposal of assets or as a business. This ASU provides a screen that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired, or disposed of, are concentrated in a single identifiable asset, or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set will not be considered a business. If the screen is not met, a set must include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create an output to be considered a business. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning in 2018 and is required to be adopted using a prospective approach, with early adoption permitted for transactions not previously reported in issued financial statements. The Company will adopt this ASU beginning in 2018 and expects that the adoption of this ASU may have a material impact on future consolidated financial statements as goodwill would not be recorded for acquisitions that are not considered to be businesses.
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Significant accounting policies - In preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, management must make a number of estimates and assumptions related to the reporting of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Application of certain of the Company’s accounting policies requires significant estimates. The most significant of these accounting policies and estimates are described below.
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Oil and gas proved reserves - Oil and gas proved reserves are defined by the SEC as those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations before the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether a deterministic method or probabilistic method is used for the estimation. Proved developed reserves of oil and gas can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor
compared with the cost of a new well, or through installed extraction equipment and infrastructure operational at the time of the reserves estimate if the extraction is by means not involving a well. Although the Company’s engineers are knowledgeable of and follow the guidelines for reserves as established by the SEC, the estimation of reserves requires the engineers to make a significant number of assumptions based on professional judgment. SEC rules require the Company to use an unweighted average of the oil and gas prices in effect at the beginning of each month of the year for determining quantities of proved reserves. These historical prices often do not approximate the average price that the Company expects to receive for its oil and natural gas production in the future. The Company often uses significantly different oil and natural gas price and reserve assumptions when making its own internal economic property evaluations. Estimated reserves are subject to future revision, certain of which could be substantial, based on the availability of additional information, including: reservoir performance, new geological and geophysical data, additional drilling, technological advancements, price changes and other economic factors. Changes in oil and gas prices can lead to a decision to start-up or shut-in production, which can lead to revisions to reserves quantities. Reserves revisions inherently lead to adjustments of the Company’s depreciation rates and the timing of settlement of asset retirement obligations. Downward reserves revisions can also lead to significant impairment expense. The Company cannot predict the type of oil and gas reserves revisions that will be required in future periods. The Company’s proved reserves of crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas are presented on pages 105 to 111 of this Form 10-K report. Murphy’s estimations for proved reserves were generated through the integration of available geoscience, engineering, and economic data, and commercially available technologies, to establish ‘reasonable certainty’ of economic producibility. As defined by the SEC, reasonable certainty of proved reserves describes a high-degree of confidence that the quantities will be recovered. In estimating proved reserves, Murphy uses familiar industry-accepted methods for subsurface evaluations, including performance, volumetric, and analog based studies. Where appropriate, Murphy includes reliable geologic and engineering technology to estimate proved reserves. Reliable geologic and engineering technology is a method or combination of methods that are field-tested and have demonstrated to provide reasonably certain results with consistency and repeatability in the formation being evaluated or in an analogous formation. This integrated approach increases the quality of and confidence in Murphy’s proved reserves estimates, and was utilized in certain undrilled acreage at distances greater than the directly offsetting development spacing areas, and in certain reservoirs developed with the application of improved recovery techniques. Murphy utilized a combination of 3D seismic interpretation, core analysis, wellbore log measurements, well test data, historic production and pressure data, and commercially available seismic processing and numerical reservoir simulation programs. Reservoir parameters from analogous reservoirs were used to strengthen the reserves estimates when available.
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See further discussion of proved reserves and changes in proved reserves during the three years ended December 31, 2016 beginning on pages 6 and 105 of this Form 10-K report.
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Successful efforts accounting - The Company utilizes the successful efforts method to account for exploration and development expenditures. Unsuccessful exploration wells are expensed and can have a significant effect on operating results. Successful exploration drilling costs and all development capital expenditures are capitalized and systematically charged to expense using the units of production method based on proved developed oil and natural gas reserves as estimated by the Company’s engineers. In some cases, a determination of whether a drilled well has found proved reserves cannot be made immediately. This is generally due to the need for a major capital expenditure to produce and/or evacuate the hydrocarbon(s) found. The determination of whether to make such a capital expenditure is, in turn, usually dependent on whether additional exploratory wells find a sufficient quantity of additional reserves. Under current accounting rules, the Company holds well costs in Property, Plant and Equipment in the Consolidated Balance Sheet when the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well and the Company is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project.
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Based on the time required to complete further exploration and appraisal drilling in areas where hydrocarbons have been found but proved reserves have not been booked, dry hole expense may be recorded one or more years after the original drilling costs are incurred. In 2015, the costs associated with one well in the Gulf of Mexico, which was drilled in 2009, was expensed due to it being unlikely to be developed due to distressed commodity prices. In 2014, the costs associated with four wells offshore Block PM 311 in Malaysia, which were drilled in 2004 and 2005, were written off due to denial of the Company’s request to the Malaysian government for an extension to the gas holding period. Additionally, the cost of one well in the Gulf of Mexico, which was drilled in 2008, was written off in 2014 because expected low futures prices for natural gas at year-end 2014 rendered development opportunities for the field to be uneconomic.
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Impairment of long-lived assets - The Company continually monitors its long-lived assets recorded in Property, Plant and Equipment (PPE) in the Consolidated Balance Sheet to make sure that they are fairly presented. The Company must evaluate its PPE for potential impairment when circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable from future cash flows. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment at least annually. A significant amount of judgment is involved in performing these evaluations since the results are based on estimated future events. Such events include a projection of future oil and natural gas sales prices, an estimate of the amount of oil and natural gas that will be produced from a field, the timing of this future production, future costs to produce the oil and natural gas, future capital and abandonment costs, and future inflation levels. The need to test a long-lived asset for impairment can be based on several factors, including but not limited to a significant reduction in sales prices for oil and/or natural gas, unfavorable revisions of oil or natural gas reserves, or other changes to contracts, environmental regulations or tax laws. All of these same factors must be considered when evaluating a property’s carrying value for possible impairment. In making its impairment assessments involving exploration and production property and equipment, the Company must make a number of projections involving future oil and natural gas sales prices, future production volumes, and future capital and operating costs. Due to the volatility of world oil and gas markets, the actual sales prices for oil and natural gas have often been quite different from the Company’s projections. Estimates of future oil and gas production and sales volumes are based on a combination of proved and risked probable and possible reserves. Although the estimation of reserves and future production is uncertain, the Company believes that its estimates are reasonable; however, there have been cases where actual production volumes were higher or lower than projected and the timing was different than the original projection. The Company adjusts reserves and production estimates as new information becomes available. The Company generally projects future costs by using historical costs adjusted for both assumed long-term inflation rates and known or expected changes in future operations. Although the projected future costs are considered to be reasonable, at times, costs have been higher or lower than originally estimated. A significant amount of judgment is involved in performing these evaluations since the results are based on estimated future events, which include projections of future sales prices, future capital expenditures and future operating expenses. Future marketing or operating decisions, such as closing or selling certain assets, and future regulatory or tax changes could also impact the Company’s conclusion about potential asset impairment.
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The Company recorded impairment expense of $95.1 million in 2016 to reduce the carrying value of producing heavy oil properties in Western Canada and the Terra Nova field offshore Canada to their estimated fair value due to significant declines in future oil prices in early 2016. The Company recorded impairment expense of $2,493.2 million in 2015 to reduce the carrying value of producing offshore properties in Malaysia, producing heavy oil properties in Western Canada and producing and non-producing properties in the Gulf of Mexico to their estimated fair value due to significant declines in future oil and gas prices during 2015. The fair values were determined by internal discounted cash flow models using estimates of future production, prices from futures exchanges, costs, and a discount rate believed to be consistent with those used by principal market participants in the applicable region. The Company recorded impairment expense of $14.3 million in 2014 for one producing gas field in the Gulf of Mexico due to low year-end 2014 natural gas futures prices that would not permit full recovery of the investment in the field. Additionally, in 2014 the Company recorded an impairment charge of $37.0 million to write-off the remaining goodwill originally recorded with a business acquired in Western Canada in 2000. Low oil and gas prices at year-end 2014 led to the conclusion that this goodwill was no longer recoverable. The Company recorded writedowns of $269.2 million in 2014 for discontinued U.K. refining and marketing operations based on a fair value assessment of these assets being abandoned and/or held for sale at year-end 2014.
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Based on an evaluation of expected future cash flows from properties at year-end 2016, the Company did not have any other significant properties with carrying values that were impaired at that date. The expected future sales prices for crude oil and natural gas used in the evaluation were based on quoted future prices for the respective production periods. These quoted prices are based on market expectations for future hydrocarbon prices, which can often be significantly higher or lower in future periods compared to current spot prices. If quoted prices for future years had been weaker, the lower level of projected cash flows for properties could have led to additional impairment charges being recorded for certain properties in 2016. In addition, one or a combination of other factors such as lower future oil and/or natural gas prices, lower future production volumes, higher future costs, or the actions of government authorities could lead to impairment expenses in future periods. Based on these unknown future factors as described herein, the Company cannot predict the amount or timing of impairment expenses that may be recorded in the future.
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·
Income taxes - The Company is subject to income and other similar taxes in all areas in which it operates. When recording income tax expense, certain estimates are required because: (a) income tax returns are
generally filed months after the close of its annual accounting period; (b) tax returns are subject to audit by taxing authorities and audits can often take years to complete and settle; and (c) future events often impact the timing of when income tax expenses and benefits are recognized by the Company. The Company has deferred tax assets mostly relating to basis differences for property, equipment and inventories, and liabilities for dismantlement and retirement benefit plan obligations. The Company routinely evaluates all deferred tax assets to determine the likelihood of their realization. A valuation allowance of $268.4 million has been recognized for deferred tax assets related to basis differences for Blocks PM 311/312 and SK 314A in Malaysia, for exploration licenses in certain areas, the largest of which are Australia, Indonesia and Brunei, and for certain basis differences in the U.K. due to management’s belief that these assets cannot be deemed to be realizable with any degree of confidence at this time. The Company has not recognized a deferred tax liability for undistributed earnings of its Canadian and Malaysia operating subsidiaries because such earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested in foreign countries. The unrecognized deferred tax liability is dependent on many factors including withholding taxes under current tax treaties, any repatriation occurring while the United States is in a taxable income position, and associated foreign tax credits. Although the Company does not foresee repatriating earnings considered indefinitely reinvested, under present law, it would incur a 5% withholding tax on any monies repatriated from Canada to the United States. Given recent energy market conditions, the Company’s reduction in its revolving credit facility during 2016, domestic investment opportunities available, and ongoing tax reform considerations in the United States Congress, the Company will evaluate during 2017 whether a change is warranted for prospective earnings in its Canadian and Malaysian operating subsidiaries. If a prospective change were to occur while the domestic tax loss position continues, it is expected to adversely impact the Company’s effective tax rate in the U.S.
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In 2016, the Company recognized $89.5 million in deferred tax benefits relating to asset dispositions in Canada and $21.6 million in deferred tax benefits associated with investments in upstream operations in certain foreign areas the Company is exiting. In 2015, Murphy recognized $188.5 million in noncash tax expense primarily associated with using a U.S. deferred tax asset that would otherwise have carried forward to future years with a dividend from a foreign subsidiary. In 2014, the Company recognized U.S. income tax benefits of $95.9 million related to tax deductions associated with investments in upstream operations in Cameroon, Kurdistan and certain permits in Australia where the Company is exiting operations, as well as a Malaysian tax benefit of $65.4 million related to recognition of the expected future realization of tax deductions for prior-year Block H exploration expenses following sanction of the development plan for this field during 2014.
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·
Accounting for retirement and postretirement benefit plans - Murphy Oil and certain of its subsidiaries maintain defined benefit retirement plans covering most full-time employees. The Company also sponsors health care and life insurance benefit plans covering most retired U.S. employees. The expense associated with these plans is determined by management based on a number of assumptions and with consultation assistance from qualified third-party actuaries. The most important of these assumptions for the retirement plans involve the discount rate used to measure future plan obligations and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. For the retiree medical and insurance plans, the most important assumptions are the discount rate for future plan obligations and the health care cost trend rate. Discount rates are based on the universe of high-quality corporate bonds that are available within each country. Cash flow analyses are performed in which a spot yield curve is used to discount projected benefit payment streams for the most significant plans. The discounted cash flows are used to determine an equivalent single rate which is the basis for selecting the discount rate within each country. Expected plan asset returns are based on long-term expectations for asset portfolios with similar investment mix characteristics. Anticipated health care cost trend rates are determined based on prior experience of the Company and an assessment of near-term and long-term trends for medical and drug costs.
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Based on bond yields at December 31, 2016, the Company has used a weighted average discount rate of 4.31% at year-end 2016 for the primary U.S. plans. This weighted average discount rate is 0.24% lower than a year earlier, which increased the Company’s recorded liabilities for retirement plans compared to a year ago. Although the Company presently assumes a return on plan assets of 6.50% for the primary U.S. plan, it periodically reconsiders the appropriateness of this and other key assumptions. The smoothing effect of current accounting regulations tends to buffer the current year’s retirement plan expenses from wide swings in liabilities and asset valuations. The Company’s retirement and postretirement plan expenses in 2017 are expected be higher than 2016 due to larger costs associated with previously unrecognized actuarial losses at year-end 2016. Cash contributions are anticipated to be higher in 2017 particularly associated with its domestic retirement plan. In 2016, the Company paid $8.2 million into various retirement plans and $3.6 million into postretirement plans. In 2017, the Company is expecting to fund payments of approximately $25.5 million into various retirement plans and $5.2 million for
postretirement plans. The Company could be required to make additional and more significant funding payments to retirement plans in future years. Future required payments and the amount of liabilities recorded on the balance sheet associated with the plans could be unfavorably affected if the discount rate declines, the actual return on plan assets falls below the assumed return, or the health care cost trend rate increase is higher than expected. Although Congress passed the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act, which permits certain companies to reduce retirement plan contributions in the near term, this Act does not reduce the Company’s overall funding requirements in the long-term. As described above, the Company’s retirement and postretirement expenses are sensitive to certain assumptions, primarily related to discount rates and assumed return on plan assets. A 0.5% decline in the discount rate would increase 2017 annual retirement expenses by $1.4 million and decrease postretirement expenses by $0.1 million; and a 0.5% decline in the assumed rate of return on plan assets would increase 2017 retirement expense by $2.6 million.
﻿
·
Legal, environmental and other contingent matters - A provision for legal, environmental and other contingent matters is charged to expense when the loss is probable and the cost can be reasonably estimated. Judgment is often required to determine when expenses should be recorded for legal, environmental and other contingent matters. In addition, the Company often must estimate the amount of such losses. In many cases, management’s judgment is based on interpretation of laws and regulations, which can be interpreted differently by regulators and/or courts of law. The Company’s management closely monitors known and potential legal, environmental and other contingent matters, and makes its best estimate of the amount of losses and when they should be recorded based on information available to the Company.
﻿
Contractual obligations and guarantees - The Company is obligated to make future cash payments under borrowing arrangements, operating leases, purchase obligations primarily associated with existing capital expenditure commitments, and other long-term liabilities. In addition, the Company expects to extend certain operating leases beyond the minimum contractual period. Total payments due after 2016 under such contractual obligations and arrangements are shown in the table below.
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﻿
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The Company has entered into agreements to lease production facilities for various producing oil fields. In addition, the Company has other arrangements that call for future payments as described in the following section. The Company’s share of the contractual obligations under these leases and other arrangements has been included in the table above.
﻿
In 2013, the Company entered into a 25-year lease for a semi-floating production system at the Kakap field offshore Sabah, Malaysia. The Company has included the required net lease obligations for this production system as Debt in the contractual obligation table above.
﻿
In the normal course of its business, the Company is required under certain contracts with various governmental authorities and others to provide letters of credit that may be drawn upon if the Company fails to perform under those contracts. Total outstanding letters of credit were $143.7 million as of December 31, 2016.
﻿
Material off-balance sheet arrangements - The Company occasionally utilizes off-balance sheet arrangements for operational or funding purposes. The most significant of these arrangements at year-end 2016 included operating leases of floating, production, storage and offloading vessel (FPSO) for the Kikeh oil field, drilling contracts for onshore and offshore rigs in various countries, and oil and/or natural gas transportation and processing contracts in the U.S. and Western Canada. The leases call for future monthly net lease payments through 2022 at Kikeh. The U.S. transportation contracts require minimum monthly payments through 2024, while Western Canada processing contracts call for minimum monthly payments through 2035. Future required minimum annual payments under these arrangements are included in the contractual obligation table above.
Outlook
﻿
Prices for the Company’s primary products are often quite volatile. The price for crude oil is primarily affected by the levels of supply and demand for energy. Anticipated future variances between the predicted demand for crude oil and the projected available supply can lead to significant movement in the price of crude oil. In January 2017, West Texas Intermediate crude oil traded in a band between about $51.00 and $54.00 per barrel and averaged about $53.00 for the full month. NYMEX natural gas traded in a band of $3.10 to $3.42 per MMBTU, with an average of $3.29 during this same time. Both of these oil and natural gas prices are above the average prices achieved in 2016. The Company continually monitors the prices for its main products and often alters its operations and spending plans based on these prices.
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The Company’s capital expenditure budget for 2017 is expected to be $890 million which assumes a West Texas Intermediate oil price of $52.00 per barrel and Henry Hub natural gas price of $3.10 per thousand cubic feet. Approximately 65 percent of the total capital is being allocated towards the onshore unconventional businesses with a majority in the Eagle Ford Shale and Kaybob Duvernay. Offshore expenditures are focused on short-cycle projects that maintain existing assets and other activities expected to increase value-added production in future years. Field development and development drilling activities account for 85 percent of the projected 2017 capital expenditures. Capital and other expenditures will be routinely reviewed during 2017 and planned capital expenditures may be adjusted to reflect differences between budgeted and actual cash flow during the year. Capital expenditures may also be affected by asset purchases or sales, which often are not anticipated at the time a budget is prepared. The Company will primarily fund its capital program in 2017 using operating cash flow, but will supplement funding where necessary using borrowings under available credit facilities. The Company’s 2017 projections call for repayment of 3.5%, $550.0 million notes due December 2017. If oil and/or natural gas prices weaken further, actual cash flow generated from operations could be reduced such that further capital spending reductions are required and/or higher than anticipated borrowings might be required during the year to maintain funding of the Company’s ongoing development projects.
﻿
The Company currently expects average daily production in 2017 to be between 162,000 and 168,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day. North American onshore unconventional production is expected to be 55 percent of full year guidance, and 2017 production assumes an expected reduction following approval of the working interest redetermination in the non-operated Kakap-Gumusut field in Block K Malaysia.
﻿
The Company has entered into WTI crude oil swap contracts and natural gas forward delivery contracts to manage risk associated with certain U.S. crude oil and Canadian natural gas sales prices as follows:
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In the falling commodity price environment during 2015 and part of 2016, the Company gained price concessions from many of its vendors that supply oil field goods and services. In the light of the recent recovery in oil prices, it is unclear how successful the Company will be in either maintaining or achieving additional meaningful reductions in the cost of oil field goods and services during 2017.
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Forward-Looking Statements
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This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements, which express management’s current views concerning future events or results, are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the volatility and level of crude oil and natural gas prices, the level and success rate of Murphy’s exploration programs, the Company’s ability to maintain production rates and replace reserves, customer demand for Murphy’s products, adverse foreign exchange movements, political and regulatory instability, adverse developments in the U.S. or global capital markets, credit markets or economies generally, and uncontrollable natural hazards. For further discussion of risk factors, see Item 1A. Risk Factors, which begins on page 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Murphy undertakes no duty to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
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The Company is exposed to market risks associated with interest rates, prices of crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products, and foreign currency exchange rates. Murphy uses derivative financial and commodity instruments to manage risks associated with existing or anticipated transactions.
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As described in Note L, there were short-term derivative foreign exchange contracts in place at December 31, 2016 to hedge the value of U.S. dollar based receivables against the Canadian dollar. A 10% strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar would have increased the recorded net liability associated with these contracts by approximately $1.3 million, while a 10% weakening of the U.S. dollar would have reduced the recorded net liability by approximately $1.6 million. Changes in the fair value of these derivative contracts generally offset the financial statement impact of an equivalent volume of foreign currency exposures associated with other assets and/or liabilities.
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As described in Note L, there were commodity transactions in place at December 31, 2016 covering certain future U.S. crude oil sales volumes in 2017. A 10% increase in the respective benchmark price of these commodities would have increased the recorded net liability associated with these derivative contacts by approximately $45.3 million, while a 10% decrease would have decreased the recorded net liability by a similar amount.
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Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
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Information required by this item appears on pages 56 through 117 of this Form 10-K report.
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Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
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None
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Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
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Under the direction of its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, controls and procedures have been established by Murphy to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries is made known to the officers who certify the Company’s financial reports and to other members of senior management and the Board of Directors.
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Based on their evaluation, with the participation of the Company’s management, as of December 31, 2016, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of Murphy Oil Corporation have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by Murphy Oil Corporation in reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.
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Murphy’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). During 2016, the Company implemented a new global Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, which will handle the business and financial processes within the Company’s operations and its corporate and administrative functions. The Company has modified its existing internal controls related to the ERP system implementation. Management has conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the results of this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016. Management’s report is included on page 56 of this Form 10-K report. KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has made an independent assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 and their report is included on page 58 of this Form 10-K report.
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There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
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None
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PART III
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Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
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Certain information regarding executive officers of the Company is included on page 19 of this Form 10-K report. Other information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders on May 10, 2017 under the captions “Election of Directors” and “Committees.”
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Murphy Oil has adopted a Code of Ethical Conduct for Executive Management, which can be found under the Corporate Governance and Responsibility tab at www.murphyoilcorp.com. Stockholders may also obtain free of charge a copy of the Code of Ethical Conduct for Executive Management by writing to the Company’s Secretary at P.O. Box 7000, El Dorado, AR 71731-7000. Any future amendments to or waivers of the Company’s Code of Ethical Conduct for Executive Management will be posted on the Company’s Web site.
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Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
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Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Murphy’s definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders on May 10, 2017 under the captions “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and “Compensation of Directors” and in various compensation schedules.
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Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
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Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Murphy’s definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders on May 10, 2017 under the captions “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners,” “Security Ownership of Management,” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information.”
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Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
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Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Murphy’s definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders on May 10, 2017 under the caption “Election of Directors.”
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Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
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Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Murphy’s definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders on May 10, 2017 under the caption “Audit Committee Report.”
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PART IV
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Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
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(a) 1. Financial Statements - The consolidated financial statements of Murphy Oil Corporation and consolidated subsidiaries are located or begin on the pages of this Form 10-K report as indicated below.
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Page No.
Report of Management - Consolidated Financial Statements
				
Report of Management - Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
				
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
				
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
				
Consolidated Balance Sheets
				
Consolidated Statements of Operations
				
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
				
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
				
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
				
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
				
Supplemental Oil and Gas Information (unaudited)
				
Supplemental Quarterly Information (unaudited)
				
2. Financial Statement Schedules
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Schedule II - Valuation Accounts and Reserves
				
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All other financial statement schedules are omitted because either they are not applicable or the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
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3. Exhibits - The following is an index of exhibits that are hereby filed as indicated by asterisk (*), that are considered furnished rather than filed, or that are incorporated by reference. Exhibits other than those listed have been omitted since they either are not required or are not applicable.
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Exhibit
						
						
						
						
No.
						
						
						
Incorporated by Reference to
2.1
						
Purchase and Sale Contract for Malaysia assets
						
Exhibit 2.1 of Murphy's Form 10-Q report filed November 5, 2014
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3.1
						
Certificate of Incorporation of Murphy Oil Corporation as amended, effective
May 11, 2005
						
Exhibit 3.1 of Murphy’s Form 10-K report filed February 28, 2011
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3.2
						
By-Laws of Murphy Oil Corporation as amended effective February 3, 2016
						
Exhibit 3.2 of Murphy’s Form 8-K report filed February 5, 2016
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Exhibit
						
						
						
						
No.
						
						
						
Incorporated by Reference to
4.1
						
Form of Indenture and Form of Supplemental Indenture between Murphy Oil Corporation and SunTrust Bank, as Trustee
						
Exhibit 4.2 of Murphy’s Form 10-K report for the year ended December 31, 2009
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4.2
						
Form of Indenture and First Supplemental Indenture between Murphy Oil Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee
						
Exhibits 4.1 and 4.2 of Murphy’s Form 8-K report filed May 18, 2012
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4.3
						
Second Supplemental Indenture between Murphy Oil Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee
						
Exhibit 4.1 of Murphy’s Form 8-K report filed November 30, 2012
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4.4
						
5-Year Revolving Credit Agreement dated June 14, 2011
						
Exhibit 4.1 of Murphy's Form 10-Q report filed August 5, 2014
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4.5
						
Commitment Increase and Maturity Extension Agreement dated May 23, 2013
						
Exhibit 4.2 of Murphy's Form 10-Q report filed August 5, 2014
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4.6
						
Third Supplemental Indenture dated as of August 17, 2016 between Murphy Oil Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee
						
Exhibit 4.1 of Murphy's Form 8-K report filed August 17, 2016
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10.1
						
2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan
						
Exhibit A of Murphy’s definitive Proxy Statement (Definitive 14A) dated March 29, 2012
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10.2
						
Employee Stock Purchase Plan as amended May 9, 2007
						
Exhibit 10.3 of Murphy’s Form 10-K report for the year ended December 31, 2012
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10.3
						
2008 Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors, as approved by shareholders on May 14, 2008
						
Form S-8 report filed February 5, 2009
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10.4
						
2013 Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors
						
Exhibit A of Murphy’s definitive Proxy Statement (Definitive 14A) dated March 22, 2013
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10.5
						
Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors
						
Exhibit 10.6 of Murphy's Form 10-K report for the year ended December 31, 2015
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10.6
						
Tax Matters Agreement, dated August 30, 2013, between Murphy Oil Corporation and Murphy USA Inc.
						
Exhibit 10.1 of Murphy’s Form 8-K report filed September 5, 2013
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Exhibit
						
						
						
						
No.
						
						
						
Incorporated by Reference to
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10.7
						
Employee Matters Agreement, dated August 30, 2013, between Murphy Oil Corporation and Murphy USA Inc.
						
Exhibit 10.3 of Murphy’s Form 8-K report filed September 5, 2013
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10.8
						
Trademark License Agreement, dated August 30, 2013, between Murphy Oil Corporation and Murphy USA Inc.
						
Exhibit 10.4 of Murphy’s Form 8-K report filed September 5, 2013
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10.9
						
Credit Agreement dated as of August 10, 2016 among Murphy Oil Corporation, Murphy Exploration & Production Company - International and Murphy Oil Company Ltd., as borrowers, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto
						
Exhibit 10.1 of Murphy's Form 8-K report filed
August 12, 2016
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10.10
						
Third Amendment to 5-year Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of August 10, 2016 among Murphy Oil Corporation, Canam Offshore Limited, and Murphy Oil Company Ltd., as borrowers, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto
						
Exhibit 10.2 of Murphy's Form 8-K report filed
August 12, 2016
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*12
						
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
						
						
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*21
						
Subsidiaries of the Registrant
						
						
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*23
						
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
						
						
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*31.1
						
Certification required by Rule 13a-14(a) pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
						
						
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*31.2
						
Certification required by Rule 13a-14(a) pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
						
						
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*32
						
Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
						
						
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99.1
						
Form of employee stock option
						
Exhibit 99.1 of Murphy's Form 10-K report for the year ended December 31, 2013
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99.2
						
Form of performance-based employee restricted stock unit grant agreement
						
Exhibit 99.2 of Murphy's Form 10-K
report for the year ended December 31, 2014
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99.3
						
Form of employee time-based restricted stock unit grant agreement
						
Exhibit 99.1 of Murphy’s Form 10-Q report filed November 6, 2013
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Exhibit
						
						
						
						
No.
						
						
						
Incorporated by Reference to
99.4
						
Form of non-employee director stock option
						
Exhibit 99.3 of Murphy’s Form 10-K report for the year ended December 31, 2010
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99.5
						
Form of non-employee director restricted stock unit award
						
Exhibit 99.5 of Murphy’s Form 10-K report for the year ended December 31, 2008
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99.6
						
Form of non-employee director restricted stock unit award
						
Exhibit 99.2 of Murphy’s Form 10-Q report filed November 6, 2013
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99.7
						
Form of phantom unit award
						
Exhibit 99.1 of Murphy’s Form 10-Q report filed November 6, 2012
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99.8
						
Form of stock appreciation right (“SAR”)
						
Exhibit 99.6 of Murphy’s Form 10-K report for the year ended December 31, 2012 and Exhibit 99.3 of Murphy's Form 10-Q report filed May 7, 2014
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99.9
						
Form of performance-based restricted stock unit-cash grant agreement
						
Exhibit 99.7 of Murphy’s Form 10-K report for the year ended December 31, 2012
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99.10
						
Form of time-based restricted stock unit grant agreement
						
Exhibit 99.1 of Murphy's Form 10-Q report filed May 7, 2014
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99.11
						
Form of time-based restricted stock unit-cash grant agreement
						
Exhibit 99.2 of Murphy's Form 10-Q report filed May 7, 2014
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101.INS
						
XBRL Instance Document
						
						
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101.SCH
						
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
						
						
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101.CAL
						
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
						
						
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101.DEF
						
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
						
						
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101.LAB
						
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
						
						
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101.PRE
						
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
						
						
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SIGNATURES
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Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION
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By
/s/ ROGER W. JENKINS
						
Date:
February 24, 2017
						
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Roger W. Jenkins, President
						
						
						
						
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below on February 24, 2017 by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated.
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/s/ CLAIBORNE P. DEMING
						
/s/ R. MADISON MURPHY
Claiborne P. Deming, Chairman and Director
						
R. Madison Murphy, Director
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/s/ ROGER W. JENKINS
						
/s/ JEFFREY W. NOLAN
Roger W. Jenkins, President and
						
Jeffrey W. Nolan, Director
Chief Executive Officer and Director
						
						
(Principal Executive Officer)
						
						
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/s/ T. JAY COLLINS
						
/s/ NEAL E. SCHMALE
T. Jay Collins, Director
						
Neal E. Schmale, Director
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/s/ STEVEN A. COSSÉ
						
/s/ LAURA A. SUGG
Steven A. Cossé, Director
						
Laura A. Sugg, Director
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/s/ LAWRENCE R. DICKERSON
						
/s/ CAROLINE G. THEUS
Lawrence R. Dickerson, Director
						
Caroline G. Theus, Director
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/s/ ELISABETH W. KELLER
						
/s/ JOHN W. ECKART
Elisabeth W. Keller, Director
						
John W. Eckart, Executive Vice President
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and Chief Financial Officer
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(Principal Financial Officer)
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/s/ JAMES V. KELLEY
						
/s/ KEITH CALDWELL
James V. Kelley, Director
						
Keith Caldwell
Senior Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
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/s/ WALENTIN MIROSH
						
						
Walentin Mirosh, Director
						
						
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REPORT OF MANAGEMENT - CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The management of Murphy Oil Corporation is responsible for the preparation and integrity of the accompanying consolidated financial statements and other financial data. The financial statements were prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) appropriate in the circumstances and include some amounts based on informed estimates and judgments, with consideration given to materiality.
An independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, has audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board and provides an objective, independent opinion about the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors appoints the independent registered public accounting firm; ratification of the appointment is solicited annually from the shareholders. KPMG LLP’s opinion covering the Company’s consolidated financial statements can be found on page 57.
The Board of Directors appoints an Audit Committee annually to implement and to support the Board’s oversight function of the Company’s financial reporting, accounting policies, internal controls and independent registered public accounting firm. This Committee is composed solely of directors who are not employees of the Company. The Committee meets routinely with representatives of management, the Company’s audit staff and the independent registered public accounting firm to review and discuss the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls, the quality and clarity of its financial reporting, the scope and results of independent and internal audits, and to fulfill other responsibilities included in the Committee’s Charter. The independent registered public accounting firm and the Company’s audit staff have unrestricted access to the Committee, without management presence, to discuss audit findings and other financial matters.
REPORT OF MANAGEMENT - INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f). The Company’s internal controls have been designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. All internal control systems have inherent limitations, and therefore, can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the reliability of financial reporting and preparation of consolidated financial statements.
Management has conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. Based on the results of this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016.
KPMG LLP has performed an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and their opinion thereon can be found on page 58.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Murphy Oil Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Murphy Oil Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we also have audited financial statement Schedule II - Valuation Accounts and Reserves. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Murphy Oil Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
As discussed in Note B, Murphy Oil Corporation changed its method of accounting for deferred income taxes effective January 1, 2015, due to the Adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Update 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Murphy Oil Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated February 24, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Houston, Texas
February 24, 2017
			
		
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
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The Board of Directors and Stockholders of Murphy Oil Corporation:
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We have audited Murphy Oil Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Murphy Oil Corporation’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
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We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Murphy Oil Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Murphy Oil Corporation as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2016, and our report dated February 24, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Houston, Texas
February 24, 2017
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
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See notes to consolidated financial statements, page 64.
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* Reclassified to conform to current presentation. See Note B for additional information.
			
		
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
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See notes to consolidated financial statements, page 64.
			
		
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
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See notes to consolidated financial statements, page 64.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
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*Investments are Canadian government securities with maturities greater than 90 days at the date of acquisition.
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See notes to consolidated financial statements, page 64.
			
		
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
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See notes to consolidated financial statements, page 64.
			 		
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
			
		
Note A - Significant Accounting Policies
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NATURE OF BUSINESS - Murphy Oil Corporation is an international oil and gas company that conducts its business through various operating subsidiaries. The Company produces oil and natural gas in the United States, Canada and Malaysia and conducts oil and natural gas exploration activities worldwide. The Company sold its interest in a Canadian synthetic oil operation in 2016 and entered into an agreement to sale its Canadian heavy oil assets in December 2016. In addition, Murphy Oil sold its remaining downstream assets in the United Kingdom in 2015 and its U.K. retail marketing assets during 2014. See Note C regarding more information regarding the sale of these assets.
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PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Murphy Oil Corporation and all majority-owned subsidiaries. Undivided interests in oil and gas joint ventures are consolidated on a proportionate basis. Investments in affiliates in which the Company owns from 20% to 50% are accounted for by the equity method. Other investments are generally carried at cost. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
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REVENUE RECOGNITION - Revenues from sales of crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas are recorded when deliveries have occurred and legal ownership of the commodity transfers to the customer. Revenues from the production of oil and natural gas properties in which Murphy shares an undivided interest with other producers are recognized based on the actual volumes sold by the Company during the period. Natural gas imbalances occur when the Company’s actual gas sales volumes differ from its proportional share of production from the well. The company follows the sales method of accounting for these natural gas imbalances. The Company records a liability for gas imbalances when it has sold more than its working interest of gas production and the estimated remaining reserves make it doubtful that partners can recoup their share of production from the field. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the liabilities for natural gas balancing were immaterial.
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CASH EQUIVALENTS - Short-term investments, which include government securities and other instruments with government securities as collateral, that are highly liquid and have a maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents.
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MARKETABLE SECURITIES - The Company classifies investments in marketable securities as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. The Company does not have any investments classified as trading securities. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value with the unrealized gain or loss, net of tax, reported in other comprehensive loss. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted into earnings over the life of the related available-for-sale or held-to-maturity security. Dividend and interest income is recognized when earned. Unrealized losses considered to be other than temporary are recognized currently in earnings. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. The fair value of investment securities is determined by available market prices. At December 31, 2016, the Company owned Canadian government securities with maturities greater than 90 days at date of acquisition that had a carrying value of $111,542,000. These securities are readily marketable and could be quickly converted to cash if needed to meet operating cash needs in Canada.
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ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE - At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company’s accounts receivable primarily consisted of amounts owed to the Company by customers for sales of crude oil and natural gas. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses on these receivables. The Company reviews this allowance for adequacy at least quarterly and bases its assessment on a combination of current information about its customers and historical write-off experience. Any trade accounts receivable balances written off are charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company has not experienced any significant credit-related losses in the past three years.
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INVENTORIES - Amounts included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets include unsold crude oil production and materials and supplies associated with oil and gas production operations. Unsold crude oil production is carried in inventory at the lower of cost, generally applied on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis, or market, and includes costs incurred to bring the inventory to its existing condition. Materials and supplies inventories are valued at the lower of average cost or estimated value and generally consist of tubulars and other drilling equipment.
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT - The Company uses the successful efforts method to account for exploration and development expenditures. Leasehold acquisition costs are capitalized. If proved reserves are found on an undeveloped property, leasehold cost is transferred to proved properties. Costs of undeveloped leases associated with unproved properties are expensed over the life of the leases. Exploratory well costs are capitalized pending determination about whether proved reserves have been found. In certain cases, a determination of whether a drilled exploratory well has found proved reserves cannot be made immediately. This is generally due to the need for a major capital expenditure to produce and/or evacuate the hydrocarbon(s) found. The determination of whether to make such a capital expenditure is usually dependent on whether further exploratory wells find a sufficient quantity of additional reserves. The Company continues to capitalize exploratory well costs in Property, Plant and Equipment when the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well and the Company is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. The Company reevaluates its capitalized drilling costs at least annually to ascertain whether drilling costs continue to qualify for ongoing capitalization. Other exploratory costs, including geological and geophysical costs, are charged to expense as incurred. Development costs, including unsuccessful development wells, are capitalized. Interest is capitalized on significant development projects that are expected to take one year or more to complete.
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Oil and gas properties are evaluated by field for potential impairment. Other properties are evaluated for impairment on a specific asset basis or in groups of similar assets as applicable. An impairment is recognized when the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows of an asset are less than its carrying value. If an impairment occurs, the carrying value of the impaired asset is reduced to fair value. During 2016 and 2015, declines in future oil and gas prices provided indications of possible impairments in certain of the Company’s producing properties. As a result of management’s assessments during 2016, the Company recognized pretax noncash impairments charges of approximately $95,088,000 at its Terra Nova field offshore Canada and its Western Canada onshore heavy oil producing properties. In 2015, the Company recognized pretax noncash impairments charges of $2,493,200,000, to reduce the carrying value of certain producing properties in Malaysia, Western Canada and the Gulf of Mexico to their estimated fair value. See also Note E for further discussion of impairment charges.
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The Company records a liability for asset retirement obligations (ARO) equal to the fair value of the estimated cost to retire an asset. The ARO liability is initially recorded in the period in which the obligation meets the definition of a liability, which is generally when a well is drilled or the asset is placed in service. The ARO liability is estimated by the Company’s engineers using existing regulatory requirements and anticipated future inflation rates. When the liability is initially recorded, the Company increases the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset by an amount equal to the original liability. The liability is increased over time to reflect the change in its present value, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related long-lived asset. The Company reevaluates the adequacy of its recorded ARO liability at least annually. Actual costs of asset retirements such as dismantling oil and gas production facilities and site restoration are charged against the related liability. Any difference between costs incurred upon settlement of an asset retirement obligation and the recorded liability is recognized as a gain or loss in the Company’s earnings.
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Depreciation and depletion of producing oil and gas properties is recorded based on units of production. Unit rates are computed for unamortized exploration drilling and development costs using proved developed reserves; unit rates for unamortized leasehold costs and asset retirement costs are amortized over proved reserves. Proved reserves are estimated by the Company’s engineers and are subject to future revisions based on availability of additional information. Additionally, certain natural gas processing facilities and related equipment in Malaysia are being depreciated on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life ranging from 20 to 25 years. Gains and losses on asset disposals or retirements are included in income (loss) as a separate component of revenues.
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Turnarounds for coking units at Syncrude Canada Ltd. were scheduled at intervals of two to three years. Turnaround work associated with various other less significant units at Syncrude varied depending on operating requirements and events. Murphy defers turnaround costs incurred and amortizes such costs over the period until the next scheduled turnaround. This amortization is recorded in Lease operating expenses for Syncrude. All other maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Renewals and betterments are capitalized. The Company sold its interest in Syncrude during 2016.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
Capitalized Interest - Interest associated with borrowings from third parties is capitalized on significant oil and gas development projects when the expected development period extends for one year or more. Interest capitalized is credited in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and is added to the cost of the underlying asset for the development project in Property, Plant and Equipment in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Capitalized interest is amortized over the useful life of the asset in the same manner as other development costs.
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GOODWILL - Goodwill is recorded in an acquisition when the purchase price exceeds the fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but is assessed annually for recoverability of the carrying value. The Company assesses goodwill recoverability at each year-end by comparing the fair value of net assets for conventional oil and natural gas properties with the carrying value of these net assets including goodwill. The fair value of the conventional oil and natural gas reporting unit is determined using the expected present value of future cash flows. Based on its assessment of the fair value of its Canadian conventional oil and natural gas operations, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $37,047,000 in 2014 and reduced the carrying amount to zero.
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ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITIES - A liability for environmental matters is established when it is probable that an environmental obligation exists and the cost can be reasonably estimated. If there is a range of reasonably estimated costs, the most likely amount will be recorded, or if no amount is most likely, the minimum of the range is used. Related expenditures are charged against the liability. Environmental remediation liabilities have not been discounted for the time value of future expected payments. Environmental expenditures that have future economic benefit are capitalized.
INCOME TAXES - The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, income taxes are provided for amounts currently payable and for amounts deferred as tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. Deferred income taxes are measured using the enacted tax rates that are assumed will be in effect when the differences reverse. The Company routinely assesses the realizability of deferred tax assets based on available evidence including assumptions of future taxable income, tax planning strategies and other pertinent factors. A deferred tax asset valuation allowance is recorded when evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of these deferred tax assets will not be realized in a future period. The Company does not provide U.S. deferred taxes for the portion of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries when these earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested in the respective foreign operations. The unrecognized deferred tax liability is dependent on many factors including withholding taxes under current tax treaties, any repatriation occurring while the U.S. is in a taxable income position, and associated foreign tax credits. Under present law, the Company would incur a 5% withholding tax on any monies repatriated from Canada to the U.S. The accounting rules for income tax uncertainties permit recognition of income tax benefits only when they are more likely than not to be realized. The Company includes potential penalties and interest for uncertain income tax positions in income tax expense.
FOREIGN CURRENCY - Local currency is the functional currency used for recording operations in Canada and for former refining and marketing activities in the United Kingdom. The U.S. dollar is the functional currency used to record all other operations. Exchange gains or losses from transactions in a currency other than the functional currency are included in earnings. Gains or losses from translating foreign functional currencies into U.S. dollars are included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss in Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity.
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES - The fair value of a derivative instrument is recognized as an asset or liability in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Upon entering into a derivative contract, the Company may designate the derivative as either a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge, or decide that the contract is not a hedge for accounting purposes, and thenceforth, recognize changes in the fair value of the contract in earnings. The Company documents the relationship between the derivative instrument designated as a hedge and the hedged items as well as its objective for risk management and strategy for use of the hedging instrument to manage the risk. Derivative instruments designated as fair value or cash flow hedges are linked to specific assets and liabilities or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. The Company assesses at inception and on an ongoing basis whether a derivative instrument accounted for as a hedge is highly effective in offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item. A derivative that is not a highly effective hedge does not qualify for hedge accounting. The change in the fair value of a qualifying fair value hedge is recorded in earnings along with the gain or loss on the hedged item. The effective portion of the change in the fair
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
value of a qualifying cash flow hedge is recorded in other comprehensive loss until the hedged item is recognized currently in earnings. If a derivative instrument no longer qualifies as a cash flow hedge and the underlying forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring, hedge accounting is discontinued and the gain or loss recorded in other comprehensive loss is recognized immediately in earnings.
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Fair Value Measurements - The Company carries certain assets and liabilities at fair value in its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair value is determined using various techniques depending on the availability of observable inputs. Level 1 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs include observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect assumptions about pricing by market participants.
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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Equity-Settled Awards - The fair value of awarded stock options, restricted stock units and other stock-based compensation that are settled with Company shares is determined based on a combination of management assumptions and the market value of the Company’s common stock. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model for computing the fair value of equity-settled stock options. The primary assumptions made by management include the expected life of the stock option award and the expected volatility of Murphy’s common stock prices. The Company uses both historical data and current information to support its assumptions. Stock option expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective vesting period of two or three years. The Company uses a Monte Carlo valuation model to determine the fair value of performance-based restricted stock units that are equity settled and expense is recognized over the three-year vesting period. The fair value of time-lapse restricted stock units is determined based on the price of Company stock on the date of grant and expense is recognized over the three-year vesting period. The Company estimates the number of stock options and performance-based restricted stock units that will not vest and adjusts its compensation expense accordingly. Differences between estimated and actual vested amounts are accounted for as an adjustment to expense when known.
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Cash-Settled Awards - The Company accounts for stock appreciation rights (SAR), cash-settled restricted stock units (CRSU) and phantom stock units as liability awards. Expense associated with these awards are recognized over the vesting period based on the latest available estimate of the fair value of the awards, which is generally determined using a Black-Scholes method for SAR, a Monte Carlo method for performance-based CRSU, and the period-end price of the Company’s common stock for time-based CRSU and phantom units. When SAR are exercised and when CRSU and phantom units settle, the Company adjusts previously recorded expense to the final amounts paid out in cash for these awards.
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PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS - The Company recognizes the funded status (the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligation) of its defined benefit and other postretirement benefit plans in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the funded status which have not yet been recognized in the Statement of Operations are recorded net of tax in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. The remaining amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss as of December 31, 2016 include net actuarial losses and prior service (cost) credit.
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NET INCOME (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE - Basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) for each reporting period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) for each reporting period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the effects of all potentially dilutive common shares. Dilutive securities are not included in the computation of diluted income (loss) per share when a net loss occurs as the inclusion would have the effect of reducing the diluted loss per share.
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USE OF ESTIMATES - In preparing the financial statements of the Company in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), management has made a number of estimates and assumptions related to the reporting of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from the estimates.
			
		
Note B - New Accounting Principles and Recent Accounting Pronouncements
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Accounting Principle Adopted
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Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued an Accounting Standards Update (ASU) that requires entities with a classified balance sheet to present all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent. The current requirement that deferred tax assets and liabilities of a tax-paying component of an entity be offset and presented as a single amount is not affected by the amendment. The Company is required to adopt the ASU effective in the first quarter of 2017, but early adoption is permitted. The Company elected to adopt this ASU in 2016 using a retrospective approach. As a result of adoption, the Company reclassified $51.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, from current deferred income tax asset to long term deferred income tax asset, which is included in Deferred charges and other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
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Revenue from Contracts with Customers. In May 2014, the FASB issued an ASU to establish a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard for contracts with customers that will supersede most current revenue recognition requirements and industry-specific guidance. The codification was amended through additional ASU’s and, as amended, requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Additional disclosures will be required to describe the nature, amount, timing and uncertainly of revenue and cash flows from contracts with customers. The Company is required to adopt the new standard in the first quarter of 2018 using either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is performing an initial review of contracts in each of its revenue streams and is developing accounting policies to address the provisions of the ASU. While the Company does not currently expect net earnings to be materially impacted, the Company is analyzing whether total revenues and expenses will be significantly impacted. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of this and other provisions of the ASU on its accounting policies, internal controls, and consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, and has not finalized any estimates of the potential impacts. The Company will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method with a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings.
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Leases. In February 2016, FASB issued an ASU to increase transparency and comparability among companies by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The main difference between previous GAAP and this ASU is the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. The new standard is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. The Company anticipates adopting this guidance in 2019 and is currently analyzing its portfolio of contracts to assess the impact future adoption of this ASU may have on its consolidated financial statements.
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Compensation-Stock Compensation. In March 2016, the FASB issued an ASU intended to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification within the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted for any entity in any interim period or annual period. The Company will adopt this guidance in 2017 which will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.
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Statement of Cash Flows. In August 2016, the FASB issued an ASU to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendment provides guidance on specific cash flow issues including debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instrument with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, and distributions received from equity method investees. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.
			
		
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
Business Combinations. In January 2017, the FASB issued an ASU to assist in determining whether a transaction should be accounted for as an acquisition or disposal of assets or as a business. This ASU provides a screen that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired, or disposed of, are concentrated in a single identifiable asset, or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set will not be considered a business. If the screen is not met, a set must include an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create an output to be considered a business. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning in 2018 and is required to be adopted using a prospective approach, with early adoption permitted for transactions not previously reported in issued financial statements. The Company will adopt this ASU beginning in 2018 and expects that the adoption of this ASU may have a material impact on future consolidated financial statements as goodwill would not be recorded for acquisitions that are not considered to be businesses.
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Note C - Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale
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On September 30, 2014, the Company sold its U.K. retail marketing operations and associated inventories with total proceeds of $211,965,000. The Company decommissioned the Milford Haven refinery units and completed the sale of its remaining downstream assets in the U.K. in the second quarter of 2015 for cash proceeds of $5,500,000. The Company has accounted for this U.K. downstream business as discontinued operations for all periods presented.
﻿
The following table presents the carrying value of the major categories of assets and liabilities of U.K. refining and marketing operations and Seal operations in Canada reflected as held for sale on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015.
﻿
﻿
The asset retirement obligation at December 31, 2016 relates to well and facility abandonment obligations at the Seal field in Canada which was sold in January 2017. The purchaser has assumed these abandonment obligations. See Note U for additional information.
﻿
In 2014, the Company wrote down its net investment in the held for sale U.K. refining and marketing assets by $269,200,000. The 2014 writedown was based on estimated salvage value of remaining refining and terminal assets as of the end of the year. The Company benefited in 2014 from a LIFO inventory liquidation credit of $209,600,000 and a gain on sale of the U.K. retail marketing assets of $101,700,000. These charges and benefits have been included in the results of discontinued operations.
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
The results of operations associated with all discontinued operations are presented in the following table.
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Note D - Inventories
﻿
Inventories consisted of the following at December 31, 2016 and 2015.
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﻿
﻿
﻿
Note E - Property, Plant and Equipment
﻿
2. Includes $48,053 in 2016 and $50,924 in 2015
related to administrative assets and support equipment.
﻿
Divestments
﻿
In 2016, a Canadian subsidiary of the Company completed the sale of its five percent, non-operated working interest in Syncrude Canada Ltd. (“Syncrude”) asset to Suncor Energy Inc. (“Suncor”). The Company received net cash proceeds of $739,100,000 and recorded an after-tax gain of $71,700,000 in 2016 associated with the Syncrude divestiture.
﻿
In 2016, a Canadian subsidiary of the Company completed its transaction to divest natural gas processing and sales pipeline assets that support Murphy’s Montney natural gas fields in the Tupper area of northeastern British Columbia. Total cash consideration received by Murphy upon closing of the transaction was $414,100,000. A gain on sale of approximately $187,000,000 is being deferred and recognized over the next 20 years in the Canadian operating segment. The Company has amortized approximately $5,108,000 of the deferred gain during 2016. The remaining deferred gain is included as a component of deferred credits and other liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
In January 2015, the Company sold 10% of its oil and gas assets in Malaysia and received net cash proceeds of $417,200,000. The Company recorded an after-tax gain of $218,800,000 in 2015 on the 10% sale. In December 2014, the Company sold 20% of its oil and gas assets in Malaysia and received net cash proceeds of $1,460,425,000. The Company recorded an after-tax gain on this sale of $321,454,000 in 2014.
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Acquisition
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In 2016, a Canadian subsidiary acquired a 70 percent operated working interest (WI) of Athabasca Oil Corporation’s (Athabasca) production, acreage, infrastructure and facilities in the Kaybob Duvernay lands, and a 30 percent non-operated WI of Athabasca’s production, acreage, infrastructure and facilities in the liquids rich Placid Montney lands in Alberta, the majority of which is unproved. Under the terms of the joint venture the total consideration amounts to approximately $375,000,000 of which Murphy paid $206,700,000 in cash at closing, subject to normal closing adjustments, and the remaining $168,000,000 in the form of a carried interest on the Kaybob Duvernay property. The carry is to be paid over a period of up to five years.
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Impairments
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During 2016 and 2015, declines in future oil and gas prices led to impairments in certain of the Company’s producing properties. During 2016, the Company recorded pretax noncash impairment charges of $95,088,000 to reduce the carrying values to their estimated fair values for Terra Nova field offshore Canada and the Western Canada onshore heavy oil producing properties. In 2015, the Company recognized pretax noncash impairment charges of $2,493,156,000 to reduce the carrying value of certain offshore producing and non-producing properties in the Gulf of Mexico, producing offshore properties in Malaysia and for Western Canada onshore heavy oil producing properties. During 2014, the Company recorded an impairment writedown in the amount of $14,267,000 related to one gas well in the Gulf of Mexico. The fair values were determined by internal discounted cash flow models using estimates of future production, prices from futures exchanges, costs, and a discount rate believed to be consistent with those used by principal market participants in the applicable region. The following table reflects the recognized impairments for the three years ended December 31, 2016.
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﻿
﻿
* This amount represented the writeoff of goodwill associated with an oil and gas company acquired in 2000.
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Other
﻿
The Company had an 8.6% interest in the Kakap field in Block K Malaysia. The Kakap field in Block K is operated by another company and was jointly developed with the Gumusut field owned by others. In 2016 the Company recorded a $24 million after tax estimated redetermination expense related to an expected reduction in the Company’s working interest covering the period from inception through year-end 2016 at Kakap. The Company expects to incur additional redetermination expense during 2017 for the period from the beginning of the year until the redetermination process is finalized, and the final adjustment will be settled in cash. In February 2017, PETRONAS officially approved the redetermination that reduces the Company’s working interest effective April 1, 2017.
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
Exploratory Wells
﻿
Under FASB guidance exploratory well costs should continue to be capitalized when the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well and the Company is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project.
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At December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Company had total capitalized drilling costs pending the determination of proved reserves of $148,500,000, $130,514,000 and $120,455,000, respectively. The following table reflects the net changes in capitalized exploratory well costs during the three-year period ended December 31, 2016.
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﻿
﻿
﻿
The following table provides an aging of capitalized exploratory well costs based on the date the drilling was completed for each individual well and the number of projects for which exploratory well costs has been capitalized. The projects are aged based on the last well drilled in the project.
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﻿
Of the $128,019,000 of exploratory well costs capitalized more than one year at December 31, 2016, $64,492,000 is in Brunei, and $63,527,000 is in Malaysia. In all geographical areas, either further appraisal or development drilling is planned and/or development studies/plans are in various stages of completion. The capitalized well costs charged to expense in 2015 included one well in the Gulf of Mexico in which development of the well could not be justified due to noncommercial hydrocarbon quantities found in the sidetrack and one project in the Gulf of Mexico deemed unlikely to be developed due to distressed commodity prices. The capitalized well costs charged to expense in 2014 included four gas wells in Peninsula Malaysia and one well in the Gulf of Mexico. The Company’s application to extend the gas holding period for the Malaysia wells was denied by the Malaysian government in 2014. Development of the well in the Gulf of Mexico could not be justified due to the low prices for natural gas at year-end 2014,
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
Note F - Financing Arrangements
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In August 2016, the Company entered into a new $1,200,000,000 senior unsecured guaranteed credit facility (“2016 facility”) with a major banking consortium. The 2016 facility expires in August 2019. Facility fees of 0.5% are charged annually on the full 2016 facility commitment. The Company incurred transaction costs of approximately $14,000,000 to place the 2016 facility which are included in financing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. At December 31, 2016, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the 2016 facility, however, there was approximately $88,000,000 of outstanding letters of credit under the 2016 facility. The 2016 facility is unsecured, with guarantees from certain domestic and foreign subsidiaries. Should the Company make substantial asset sales, the facility size would be automatically reduced to a minimum of $1,000,000,000. Borrowings under the 2016 facility are subject to varying interest rates ranging from 250 to 450 basis points above LIBOR, with the borrowing rate currently at the high end of the range. The terms of the 2016 facility include certain financial covenants for the Company. These financial covenants include a minimum Adjusted EBITDAX (as defined in the 2016 facility) for the last twelve months (LTM) of 2.5 times LTM consolidated interest expense, consolidated debt not to exceed 3.75 times LTM Adjusted EBITDAX, and minimum liquidity from U.S. and Canadian entities equal to or greater than $500,000,000. Also beginning March 31, 2017, if the Company’s total leverage ratio exceeds 3.25 times the Company’s LTM Adjusted EBITDAX, the facility will become secured, subject to limitations set forth in the Company’s existing notes. On December 21, 2016, the 2016 facility was amended. The amendment reduced the facility to $1,100,000,000 and removed the guarantee from Murphy Oil Company, Ltd (MOCL) conditional upon the Company meeting certain additional financial covenants. Should the Company exceed $500,000,000 of borrowings on the 2016 facility or consolidated debt exceeds 4.25 times LTM Adjusted EBITDAX excluding MOCL then the guarantee from MOCL would be re-instated. The covenant for consolidated debt as a multiple of LTM Adjusted EBITDAX excluding MOCL lowers to 4.0 times beginning September 30, 2017. At December 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to both the 2016 facility and the 2011 facility.
﻿
In August 2016, the Company reduced its existing $2,000,000,000 unsecured revolving credit facility (“2011 facility”) with a major banking consortium to $630,000,000. Borrowings under this facility bear interest at 1.45% above LIBOR. The existing unsecured 2011 facility, which expires in June 2017, includes a financial covenant under which the Company may not have total debt in excess of 60% of its total capital employed (debt borrowed plus stockholders’ equity). At December 31, 2016, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the 2011 facility.
﻿
In August 2016, the Company sold $550,000,000 of new notes that bear interest at the rate of 6.875% and mature on August 15, 2024. The new notes pay interest semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year. The initial interest payment is to be made on February 15, 2017. The proceeds of the $550,000,000 notes were designated for general corporate purposes.
﻿
The Company and its partners are parties to a 25-year lease of production equipment at the Kakap field offshore Malaysia. The lease has been accounted for as a capital lease, and payments under the agreement are to be made over a 15-year period through 2029. Current maturities and long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheet included 20,617,000 and $195,785,000, respectively, associated with this lease at December 31, 2016.
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
Note G - Long-term Debt
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*The interest rate paid is 1.0% above rate shown due to a downgrade of the credit rating for the Company’s notes in February 2016.
﻿
The amount of debt repayable over each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows: $569,817,000 in 2017, $13,554,000 in 2018, $14,233,000 in 2019, $14,988,000 in 2020, $15,697,000 in 2021 and $2,364,278,000 thereafter.
﻿
.
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
Note H - Asset Retirement Obligations
The asset retirement obligations liabilities (ARO) recognized by the Company at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are related to the estimated costs to dismantle and abandon its producing oil and gas properties and related equipment.
﻿
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending aggregate carrying amount of the asset retirement obligation for 2016 and 2015 is shown in the following table.
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﻿
﻿
1Liabilities held for sale related to Seal properties in Canada which were sold in January 2017.
2Included in Other Accrued Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
﻿
The estimation of future ARO is based on a number of assumptions requiring professional judgment. The Company cannot predict the type of revisions to these assumptions that may be required in future periods due to the availability of additional information such as: prices for oil field services, technological changes, governmental requirements and other factors.
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﻿
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
Note I - Income Taxes
﻿
The components of income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016 and income tax expense (benefit) attributable thereto were as follows.
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﻿
﻿
The following table reconciles income taxes based on the U.S. statutory tax rate to the Company’s income tax expense.
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﻿
﻿
In December 2015, one of the company’s foreign subsidiaries declared a $2,000,000,000 dividend payable to its parent. The dividend represented substantially all of the foreign subsidiary’s accumulated retained earnings under U.S. GAAP. The foreign subsidiary’s dividend was settled with an $800,000,000 cash payment plus issuance of a $1,200,000,000 note payable to its U.S. parent that was settled in June 2016. The dividend was completed without a U.S. current tax impact due to the utilization of the 2015 U.S. tax net operating loss combined with the shareholder’s ability to use allowed foreign tax credits that attached to the dividend. Based on the usage of the 2015 U.S. tax net operating loss, a noncash tax expense of $188,461,000 was recorded in 2015, primarily associated with using a U.S. deferred tax asset that would otherwise have carried forward to future years without the dividend.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
An analysis of the Company’s deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2016 and 2015 showing the tax effects of significant temporary differences follows.
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﻿
In management’s judgment, the net deferred tax assets in the preceding table are more likely than not to be realized based on the consideration of deferred tax liability reversals and future taxable income. The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets relates primarily to tax assets arising in foreign tax jurisdictions and foreign tax credit carryforwards; in the judgment of management at the present time, these tax assets are not likely to be realized. The foreign tax credit carryforwards expire in 2017 through 2026. The valuation allowance increased $10,983,000 in 2016 due to foreign tax carry forwards. Subsequent reductions of the valuation allowance are expected to be reported as reductions of tax expense assuming no offsetting change in the deferred tax asset.
﻿
The Company has an estimated U.S. net operating loss of $1.29 billion at year-end 2016 with a corresponding deferred tax asset of $454,231,000. The Company believes the U.S. net operating loss being carried forward will be utilized before it expires in 2036.
﻿
The Company has not recognized a deferred tax liability for undistributed earnings of its Canadian and Malaysian operating subsidiaries because such earnings are considered indefinitely reinvested in foreign countries. As of December 31, 2016, undistributed earnings of the Company’s subsidiaries considered indefinitely reinvested were approximately $3.0 billion. The unrecognized deferred tax liability is dependent on many factors including withholding taxes under current tax treaties, any repatriation occurring while the United States is in a taxable income position, and associated foreign tax credits and the unrecognized deferred tax liability is estimated to be approximately $395,000,000. Under present law, if the Company repatriates earnings from Canada to the United States in a future year, it would incur a 5% withholding tax on the amounts repatriated.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
Uncertain Income Tax Positions
The FASB’s rules for accounting for income tax uncertainties clarify the criteria for recognizing uncertain income tax benefits and require additional disclosures about uncertain tax positions. Under current rules the financial statement recognition of the benefit for a tax position is dependent upon the benefit being more likely than not to be sustainable upon audit by the applicable taxing authority. If this threshold is met, the tax benefit is then measured and recognized at the largest amount that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Liabilities associated with uncertain income tax positions are included in Deferred credits and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of the consolidated liability for unrecognized income tax benefits during the three years ended December 31, 2016 is shown in the following table.
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All additions or settlements to the above liability affect the Company’s effective income tax rate in the respective period of change. The Company accounts for any applicable interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax expense. The Company also had other recorded liabilities as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 for interest and penalties of $343,000, $233,000 and $142,000, respectively, associated with uncertain tax positions. Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 included net benefits for interest and penalties of $111,000, $91,000 and $4,000, respectively, associated with uncertain tax positions.
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During the next twelve months, the Company currently expects to add between $1,000,000 and $2,000,000 to the liability for uncertain taxes for 2017 events. Although existing liabilities could be reduced by settlement with taxing authorities or lapse due to statute of limitations, the Company believes that the changes in its unrecognized tax benefits due to these events will not have a material impact on the Consolidated Statement of Operations during 2017.
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The Company’s tax returns in multiple jurisdictions are subject to audit by taxing authorities. These audits often take years to complete and settle. Although the Company believes that recorded liabilities for unsettled issues are adequate, additional gains or losses could occur in future years from resolution of outstanding unsettled matters. As of December 31, 2016, the earliest years remaining open for audit and/or settlement in the Company’s major taxing jurisdictions are as follows: United States - 2011; Canada - 2008; Malaysia - 2009; and United Kingdom - 2014.
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
Note J - Incentive Plans
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Murphy utilizes cash-based and/or share-based incentive plans to supplement normal salaries as compensation for executive management and certain employees. For share-based awards that qualify for equity accounting, costs are recognized as an expense in the financial statements using a grant date fair value-based measurement method over the periods that the awards vest. For share-based awards that are required to be accounted for under liability accounting rules, costs are recognized as expense using a fair value-based measurement method over the vesting period, but expense is adjusted as necessary through the date the award value is finally determined. Total expense for liability awards is ultimately adjusted to the final intrinsic value for the award.
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At December 31, 2016, the Company has cash and incentive awards issued to employees under the 2012 Long-Term Incentive Plan (2012 Long-Term Plan) and the 2012 Annual Incentive Plan (2012 Annual Plan). The 2012 Annual Plan authorizes the Executive Compensation Committee (the Committee) to establish specific performance goals associated with annual cash awards that may be earned by officers, executives and certain other employees. Cash awards under the 2012 Annual Plan are determined based on the Company’s actual financial and operating results as measured against the performance goals established by the Committee. The 2012 Long-Term Plan authorizes the Committee to make grants of the Company’s Common Stock to employees. These grants may be in the form of stock options (nonqualified or incentive), stock appreciation rights (SAR), restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units, performance shares, dividend equivalents and other stock-based incentives. The 2012 Long-Term Plan expires in 2022. A total of 8,700,000 shares are issuable during the life of the 2012 Long-Term Plan, with annual grants limited to 1% of Common shares outstanding; allowed shares not granted in an earlier year may be granted in future years. Based on awards made to date, approximately 3,000,000 shares remained available for grant under the 2012 Long-Term Plan at December 31, 2016. The Company also has a 2013 Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors (Director Plan) that permits the issuance of restricted stock, restricted stock units and stock options or a combination thereof to the Company’s Non-Employee Directors.
Amounts recognized in the financial statements with respect to share-based plans are shown in the following table.
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As of December 31, 2016, there were $28,458,000 in compensation costs to be expensed over approximately the next two years related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements granted by the Company. Employees receive net shares, after applicable statutory withholding taxes, upon each stock option exercise. Total income tax benefits realized from tax deductions related to stock option exercises under share-based payment arrangements were $36,000 and $5,364,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. There were no income tax benefits realized in 2016 due to no stock option exercises during the year.
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Share-Settled Awards
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STOCK OPTIONS - The Committee fixes the option price of each option granted at no less than fair market value (FMV) on the date of the grant and fixes the option term at no more than seven years from such date. Each option granted to date under the 2012 Long-Term Plan and the 2007 Long-Term Plan has been nonqualified, with a term of seven years and an option price equal to FMV at date of grant. Under these plans, one-half of each grant is generally exercisable after two years and the remainder after three years. For stock options, the number of shares issued upon exercise is reduced for settlement of applicable statutory income tax withholdings owed by the grantee.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes pricing model based on the assumptions noted in the following table. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock and implied volatility on publicly traded at-the-money options on the Company’s stock. The Company estimates the expected term of the options granted based on historical option exercise patterns and considers certain groups of employees exhibiting different behavior. The risk-free interest rate for periods within the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.
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Changes in stock options outstanding during the last three years are presented in the following table.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
Additional information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2016 is shown below.
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The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2015 and 2014 was $221,000 and $12,003,000, respectively. There were no options exercised in 2016 as all awards either had no intrinsic value or were not vested. Intrinsic value is the excess of the market price of stock at date of exercise over the exercise price received by the Company upon exercise. Aggregate intrinsic value is nil when the exercise price of the stock option exceeds the market price of the Company’s Common stock.
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PERFORMANCE-BASED RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS - Performance-based restricted stock units (PRSUS) to be settled in Common shares were granted in each of the last three years under the 2012 Long-Term Plan. Each grant will vest if the Company achieves specific performance objectives at the end of the designated performance period. Additional shares may be awarded if performance objectives are exceeded. If performance goals are not met, PRSUS will not vest, but recognized compensation cost associated with the stock award would not be reversed. For past awards, the performance conditions were based on the Company’s total shareholder return over the performance period compared to an industry peer group of companies. During the performance period, PRSUS are subject to transfer restrictions and are subject to forfeiture if a grantee terminates for reasons other than retirement, disability or death. Termination for these three reasons will lead to a pro rata award of amounts earned. No dividends are paid or voting rights exist on awards of PRSUS prior to their settlement.
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Changes in PRSUS outstanding for each of the last three years are presented in the following table.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
The fair value of the equity-settled performance-based awards granted in each year was estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo valuation model. Expected volatility was based on daily historical volatility of the Company’s stock price compared to a peer group average over a three-year period. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield curve of three-year U.S. Treasury bonds and the stock beta was calculated using three years of historical averages of daily stock data for Murphy and the peer group. The assumptions used in the valuation of the performance awards granted in 2016, 2015 and 2014 are presented in the following table.
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TIME-LAPSE RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS - Time-lapsed restricted stock units (TRSUS) have been granted to the Company’s Non-Employee Directors under the Directors Plan and, to certain employees under the 2012 Long-Term Plan. These awards vest on the third anniversary of the date of grant. The fair value of these awards was estimated based on the market value of the Company’s stock on the date of grant, which were $17.57 per share in 2016, $49.67 per share in 2015, and $55.20 to $60.85 per share in 2014.
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Changes in TRSUS outstanding for each of the last three years are presented in the following table.
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EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN (ESPP) - The Company has an ESPP under which the Company’s Common stock can be purchased by eligible U.S. and Canadian employees. Each quarter, an eligible employee may elect to withhold up to 10% of his or her salary to purchase shares of the Company’s stock at the end of the quarter at a price equal to 90% of the fair value of the stock as of the first day of the quarter. The ESPP will terminate on the earlier of the date that employees have purchased all 980,000 authorized shares or June 30, 2017. Employee stock purchases under the ESPP were 8,962 shares at an average price of $23.41 per share in 2016, 8,387 shares at an average price of $34.93 per share in 2015, and 6,739 shares at an average price of $56.22 per share in 2014. At December 31, 2016, 262,853 shares remained available for sale under the ESPP. Compensation costs related to the ESPP are estimated based on the value of the 10% discount and the fair value of the option that provides for the refund of participant withholdings, and such expenses were $41,000 in 2016, $29,000 in 2015 and $55,000 in 2014. The fair value per share issued under the ESPP was approximately $2.94, $5.74 and $6.49 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
Cash-Settled Awards
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The Company has granted stock-based incentive awards to be settled in cash to certain employees in the form of Stock Appreciation Rights (SAR), Performance-based restricted stock units (PRSUC), Time-based restricted stock units (TRSUC) and Phantom units.
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SAR awards have terms similar to stock options, PRSUC terms are similar to other performance-based restricted stock awards and TRSUC are generally settled on the third anniversary of the date of grant. Phantom units generally settle three to five years from date of grant. Each award granted is settled, net of applicable income tax withholdings, in cash rather than with Common shares. Total expense recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for all cash-settled stock-based awards was $17,181,000 in 2016, $1,594,000 in 2015 and $9,667,000 in 2014.
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The Committee also administers the Company’s incentive compensation plans, which provide for annual or periodic cash awards to officers, directors and certain other employees. These cash awards are generally determinable based on the Company achieving specific financial and/or operational objectives. Compensation expense of $25,800,000, $26,393,000 and $38,000,000 was recorded in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, for these plans.
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Note K - Employee and Retiree Benefit Plans
PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT PLANS - The Company has defined benefit pension plans that are principally noncontributory and cover most full-time employees. All pension plans are funded except for the U.S. and Canadian nonqualified supplemental plans and the U.S. directors’ plan. All U.S. tax qualified plans meet the funding requirements of federal laws and regulations. Contributions to foreign plans are based on local laws and tax regulations. The Company also sponsors health care and life insurance benefit plans, which are not funded, that cover most retired U.S. employees. The health care benefits are contributory; the life insurance benefits are noncontributory.
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Upon the disposal of Murphy’s former U.K. downstream assets, the Company retained all vested defined benefit pension obligations associated with former employees of this business. No additional benefits will accrue to these former U.K. employees under the Company’s retirement plan after the date of their separation from Murphy.
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GAAP requires the Company to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of its defined benefit plans as an asset or liability in its consolidated balance sheet and to recognize changes in that funded status between periods through accumulated other comprehensive loss.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
The tables that follow provide a reconciliation of the changes in the plans’ benefit obligations and fair value of assets for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and a statement of the funded status as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.
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The significant actuarial loss in 2016 for pension benefits was primarily due to lower discount rate and lower fixed income yield rates, partially offset by lower assumed future salary increases. The significant actuarial gain in 2015 for pension benefits was primarily due to a combination of a higher discount rate and a reduction in assumed future salary increases.
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
At December 31, 2016, amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL), before reduction for associated deferred income taxes, which have not been recognized in net periodic benefit expense are shown in the following table.
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Amounts included in AOCL at December 31, 2016 that are expected to be amortized into net periodic benefit expense during 2017 are shown in the following table.
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The table that follows includes projected benefit obligations, accumulated benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for plans where the accumulated benefit obligation exceeded the fair value of plan assets.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
The table that follows provides the components of net periodic benefit expense for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016.
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Termination and curtailment expenses in 2016 and 2015 were primarily related to plan amendments made upon early retirement of certain employees during 2016 and 2015.
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The preceding tables in this note include the following amounts related to foreign benefit plans.
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The following table provides the weighted-average assumptions used in the measurement of the Company’s benefit obligations at December 31, 2016 and 2015 and net periodic benefit expense for 2016 and 2015.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
The discount rates used for determining the plan obligations and expense are based on the universe of high-quality corporate bonds that are available within each country. Cash flow analyses are performed in which a spot yield curve is used to discount projected benefit payment streams for the most significant plans. The discounted cash flows are used to determine an equivalent single rate which is the basis for selecting the discount rate within each country. Expected plan asset returns are based on long-term expectations for asset portfolios with similar investment mix characteristics. Expected compensation increases are based on anticipated future averages for the Company.
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Benefit payments, reflecting expected future service as appropriate, which are expected to be paid in future years from the assets of the plans or by the Company are shown in the following table.
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For purposes of measuring postretirement benefit obligations at December 31, 2016, the future annual rates of increase in the cost of health care were assumed to be 7.2% for 2017 decreasing each year to an ultimate rate of 4.5% in 2028 and thereafter.
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Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the expense and obligation reported for the postretirement benefit plan. A 1% change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects.
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During 2016, the Company made contributions of $7,499,000 to its domestic defined benefit pension plans, $687,000 to its foreign defined benefit pension plans, $3,554,000 to its domestic postretirement benefits plan and $28,000 to its foreign postretirement benefits plan. The Company currently expects during 2017 to make contributions of $18,459,000 to its domestic defined benefit pension plans, $7,022,000 to its foreign defined benefit pension plans, $5,243,000 to its domestic postretirement benefits plan and $24,000 to its foreign postretirement benefits plan.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
Plan Investments - Murphy Oil Corporation maintains an Investment Policy Statement (Statement) that establishes investment standards related to its funded domestic qualified retirement plan. The Statement specifies that all assets will be held in a Trust sponsored by the Company, which is administrated by a trustee appointed by the Investment Committee (Committee). Members of the Committee are appointed by the Chief Executive Officer of Murphy. The Committee hires Investment Managers to invest trust assets within the guidelines established by the Committee as allowed by the Statement. The investment goals call for a portfolio of assets consisting of equity, fixed income and cash equivalent securities. The primary consideration for investments is the preservation of capital, and investment growth should exceed the rate of inflation. The Committee has directed the asset investment advisors of its benefit plans to maintain a portfolio consisting of both equity and fixed income securities. The Company believes that over time a balanced to slightly heavier weighting of the portfolio in equity securities compared to fixed income securities represents the most appropriate long-term mix for future investment return on assets held by domestic plans. The parameters for asset allocation call for the following minimum and maximum percentages: equity securities of between 40% and 70%; fixed income securities of between 30% and 60%; long/short equity of between 0% and 15%; and cash and equivalents of between 0% and 15%. The Committee is authorized to direct investments within these parameters. Equity investments may include common, preferred and convertible preferred stocks, emerging markets stocks and similar funds, and long/short equity funds. Long/short equity is a strategy invested in a portfolio of long stocks hedged with short sales of stocks and/or stock index options, with the combination of investment intended to produce equity-like returns with lower volatility over the long term. Generally, no more than 10% of an Investment Manager’s portfolio is to be held in equity securities of any one issuer, and equity securities should have a minimum market capitalization of $100 million. Equities held in the trust should be listed on the New York or American Stock Exchanges, principal U.S. regional exchanges, major foreign exchanges or quoted in significant over-the-counter markets. Equity or fixed income securities issued by the Company may not be held in the trust. Fixed income securities include maturities greater than one year to maturity. The fixed income portfolio should not exceed an average maturity of 11 years. The portfolio may include investment grade corporate bonds, issues of the U.S. government, its agencies and government sponsored entities, government agency issued collateralized mortgage backed securities, agency issued mortgage backed securities, municipal bonds, asset backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities and international and emerging markets bond funds. The Committee routinely reviews the investment performance of Investment Managers.
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For the U.K. retirement plan, trustees have been appointed by the wholly-owned subsidiary that sponsors the plan for U.K. employees. The trustees have hired a fiduciary investment manager to manage the assets of the plan within the parameters of the Statement of Investment Principles (Statement). The objective of investments is to earn a reasonable return within the allocation strategy permitted in the Statement while limiting the risk for the funded position of the plan. The Statement specifies a strategy with an allocation goal of 60% Delegated growth fund (DGF) equities and 40% Delegated liability fund (DLF). Also, the allocation goal includes interest rate hedge ratio and inflation rate hedge ratio of 100%. Hewitt Risk Management Services Limited (Manager) has discretion to vary the level of interest rate and inflation hedge ratios from the strategic levels. The DGF is diversified by style, strategy and asset class by investing with underlying funds that may include equity funds, fixed income funds, debt funds, currency funds, hedge funds, fund of hedge funds and other collective investment schemes covering a broad range of asset classes and strategies. The DLF aims to provide returns in line with the liabilities of typical pension schemes on an exposure basis in the relevant tenures and instruments (long/short, real/nominal). The DLF holds cash as collateral for the leveraged positions. Small working cash balances are permitted to facilitate daily management of payments and receipts within the plan. The trustee routinely review the investment performance of the plan.
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For the Canadian retirement plan, the wholly-owned subsidiary that sponsors the plan has a Statement of Investment Policies and Procedures (Policy) applicable to the plan assets. A pension committee appointed by the board of directors of the subsidiary oversees the plan, selects the investment advisors and routinely reviews performance of the asset portfolio. The Policy permits assets to be invested in various Canadian and foreign equity securities, various fixed income securities, real estate, natural resource properties or participation rights and cash. The objective for plan investments is to achieve a total rate of return equal to the long-term interest rate assumption used for the going-concern actuarial funding valuation. The normal allocation includes total equity securities of 60% with a range of 40% to 75% of total assets. Fixed income securities have a normal allocation of 35% with a range of 25% to 45%. Cash will normally have an allocation of 5% with a range of 0% to 15%. The Policy calls for diversification norms within the investment portfolios of both equity securities and fixed income securities.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
The weighted average asset allocation for the Company’s funded pension benefit plans at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented in the following table.
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The Company’s weighted average expected return on plan assets was 5.62% in 2016 and the return was determined based on an assessment of actual long-term historical returns and expected future returns for a portfolio with investment characteristics similar to that maintained by the plans. The 5.62% expected return was based on an expected average future equity securities return of 7.91% and a fixed income securities return of 4.21% and is net of average expected investment expenses of 0.60%. Over the last 10 years, the return on funded retirement plan assets has averaged 5.69%.
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At December 31, 2016, the fair value measurements of retirement plan assets within the fair value hierarchy are included in the table that follows.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
At December 31, 2015, the fair value measurements of retirement plan assets within the fair value hierarchy are included in the table that follows.
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The definition of levels within the fair value hierarchy in the tables above is included in Note Q.
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For domestic plans, U.S. core and small/midcap equity securities are valued based on daily market prices as quoted on national stock exchanges or in the over-the-counter market. Hedged funds and other alternative strategies funds consist of three investments. One of these investments is valued based on daily market prices as quoted on national stock exchanges, another investment is valued monthly based on net asset value and permits withdrawals semi-annually after a 90-day notice, and the third investment is also valued monthly based on net asset values and has a three year lock-up period and a 95-day notice following the lock-up period. International equities held in a commingled trust are valued monthly based on prices as quoted on various international stock exchanges. The emerging market commingled equity fund is valued monthly based on net asset value. These commingled equity funds can be withdrawn monthly and have a 10-day notice period. U.S. fixed income securities are valued daily based on bids for the same or similar securities or using net asset values. International fixed income securities held in a commingled trust are valued on a monthly basis using net asset values. The fixed income emerging market mutual fund is valued daily based on net asset value. For foreign plans, the equity securities funds are comprised of U.K. and foreign equity funds valued daily based on fund net asset values. Fixed income securities funds are U.K. securities valued daily at net asset values. The diversified pooled fund is valued daily at net asset value and contains a combination of Canadian and foreign equity securities, Canadian fixed income securities and cash.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
The effects of fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs on changes in Level 3 plan assets are outlined below:
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THRIFT PLANS - Most full-time U.S. employees of the Company may participate in thrift or similar savings plans by allotting up to a specified percentage of their base pay. The Company matches contributions at a stated percentage of each employee’s allotment based on years of participation in the plans, with a maximum match of 6%. Amounts charged to expense for these plans were $7,395,000 in 2016, $7,607,000 in 2015 and $10,229,000 in 2014.
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Note L - Financial Instruments and Risk Management
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DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS - Murphy uses derivative instruments to manage certain risks related to commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The use of derivative instruments for risk management is covered by operating policies and is closely monitored by the Company’s senior management. The Company does not hold any derivatives for speculative purposes and it does not use derivatives with leveraged or complex features. Derivative instruments are traded primarily with creditworthy major financial institutions or over national exchanges such as the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX). The Company has a risk management control system to monitor commodity price risks and any derivatives obtained to manage a portion of such risks. For accounting purposes, the Company has not designated commodity and foreign currency derivative contracts as hedges, and therefore, it recognizes all gains and losses on these derivative contracts in its Consolidated Statements of Operations. Certain interest rate derivative contracts were accounted for as hedges and the gain or loss associated with recording the fair value of these contracts was deferred in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss until the anticipated transactions occur.
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Commodity Purchase Price Risks - The Company is subject to commodity price risk related to crude oil it produces and sells. During 2016, the Company had West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil price swap financial contracts to economically hedge a portion of its United States production for 2016 and 2017. Under these contracts, which matured monthly, the Company paid the average monthly price in effect and received the fixed contract prices. At December 31, 2016, the Company had 22,000 barrels per day in WTI crude oil swap financial contracts maturing ratably during 2017. At December 31, 2016, the fair value of WTI contracts of $48,900,000 was included in accounts payable. The impact of marking to market these 2017 commodity derivative contracts increased the loss before income taxes by $47,703,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016.
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During 2015, the Company had WTI crude oil price swap financial contracts to hedge a portion of its United States production for 2015. At December 31, 2015, the Company had 20,000 barrels per day in WTI crude oil swap financial contracts maturing ratably during 2016. At December 31, 2015, the fair value of WTI contracts of $89,400,000 was included in accounts receivable. The impact of marking to market these commodity derivative contracts reduced the loss before income taxes by $77,300,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015.
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
Foreign Currency Exchange Risks - The Company is subject to foreign currency exchange risk associated with operations in countries outside the U.S. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, short-term derivative instruments were outstanding in Canada for approximately $14,200,000 and $4,800,000, respectively, to manage the currency risk of U.S. dollar accounts receivable balances associated with sale of Canadian crude oil in both years. The fair values of open foreign currency derivative contracts were liabilities of $73,000 at December 31, 2016 and $29,000 at December 31, 2015.
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At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the fair value of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments are presented in the following table.
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For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the gains and losses recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments are presented in the following table.
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Interest Rate Risks - In 2011 the Company entered into a series of derivative contracts known as forward starting interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk associated with $350,000,000 of notes that were sold in 2012. These interest rate swaps matured in May 2012. Under hedge accounting rules, the Company deferred a loss on these contracts to match the payment of interest on these notes through 2022. During each of the three years ended December 31, 2016, $2,963,000 of the deferred loss on the interest rate swaps was charged to interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The remaining loss deferred on these matured contracts at December 31, 2016 was $15,926,000, which is recorded, net of income taxes of $5,574,000, in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company expects to charge approximately $2,963,000 of this deferred loss to Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during 2017.
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
CREDIT RISKS - The Company’s primary credit risks are associated with trade accounts receivable, cash equivalents and derivative instruments. Trade receivables arise mainly from sales of oil and natural gas in the U.S., Canada and Malaysia, and cost sharing amounts of operating and capital costs billed to partners for oil and natural gas fields operated by Murphy. The credit history and financial condition of potential customers are reviewed before credit is extended, security is obtained when deemed appropriate based on a potential customer’s financial condition, and routine follow-up evaluations are made. The combination of these evaluations and the large number of customers tends to limit the risk of credit concentration to an acceptable level. Cash equivalents are placed with several major financial institutions, which limit the Company’s exposure to credit risk. The Company controls credit risk on derivatives through credit approvals and monitoring procedures and believes that such risks are minimal because counterparties to the majority of transactions are major financial institutions.
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Note M - Stockholders’ Equity
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During 2015 and 2014, the Company repurchased Common Stock under variable term, capped accelerated share repurchase transactions (ASR) as authorized by the Board of Directors. These share repurchases during 2015 and 2014 were as follows:
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There were no share repurchases during 2016 and no open share buyback programs as of December 31, 2016. The shares acquired under the various buyback programs are carried as Treasury Stock in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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Note N - Earnings per Share
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Net income (loss) was used as the numerator in computing both basic and diluted income per Common share for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016. The following table reconciles the weighted-average shares outstanding used for these computations.
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* Due to a net loss recognized by the Company for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, no unvested stock awards were included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.
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The following table reflects certain options to purchase shares of common stock that were outstanding during the three years ended December 31, 2016, but were not included in the computation of dilutive earnings per share because the incremental shares from the assumed conversion were antidilutive.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
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Note O - Other Financial Information
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DEEPWATER RIG CONTRACT EXIT COSTS - At year-end 2015, the Company had two deepwater drilling rigs in the Gulf of Mexico under contract that were scheduled to expire in February and November 2016. In the face of low commodity prices, a significant reduction in the Company’s overall 2016 capital spending program and lack of interest by working interest partners and others to participate in drilling opportunities in 2016, the Company idled and stacked both rigs during the fourth quarter of 2015. The Company reported a pretax charge to earnings in 2015 totaling $282,001,000 that included both the costs incurred in 2015 during which the rigs were idle and stacked together with the remaining day rate commitments due under the contracts in 2016. The contract originally scheduled to expire in November 2016 was terminated by the Company. The Company paid approximately $266,700,000 related to these contracts in 2016 and reported a pretax benefit to earnings in 2016 totaling $4,330,000 for the final settlement of the contracts at less than the recorded costs.
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GAIN FROM FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS - Net gains from foreign currency transactions, including the effects of foreign currency contracts, included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations were $59,731,000 in 2016, $87,961,000 in 2015 and $40,596,000 in 2014.
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Noncash operating working capital (increased) decreased during each of the three years ended December 31, 2016 as shown in the following table.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
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Note P - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
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The components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and the changes during 2016 and 2015 are presented net of taxes in the following table.
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All amounts are presented net of income taxes.
Reclassification for the year ended December 31, 2015 are included in discontinued operations and primarily relate to financial adjustments recognized upon selling all operational assets in the U.K.
Reclassifications before taxes of $21,721 and $18,036 are included in the computation of net periodic benefit expense in 2015 and 2016, respectively. See Note K for additional information. Related income taxes of $5,761 and $6,318 are included in income tax expense in 2015 and 2016, respectively.
Reclassifications before taxes of $2,963 are included in Interest expense in both 2015 and 2016. Related income taxes of $1,037 are included in income tax expense in 2015 and 2016. See Note L for additional information.
Note Q - Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
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Fair Values - Recurring
The Company carries certain assets and liabilities at fair value in its Consolidated Balance Sheet. The fair value hierarchy is based on the quality of inputs used to measure fair value, with Level 1 being the highest quality and Level 3 being the lowest quality. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect assumptions about pricing by market participants.
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
The fair value measurements for these assets and liabilities at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are presented in the following table.
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The fair value of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil contracts in 2016 and 2015 was based on active market quotes for WTI crude oil. The fair value of foreign exchange derivative contracts in each year was based on market quotes for similar contracts at the balance sheet date. The income effect of changes in fair value of crude oil derivative contracts is recorded in Sales and other operating revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, while the effects of changes in fair value of foreign exchange derivative contracts is recorded in Interest and other income. The nonqualified employee savings plan is an unfunded savings plan through which participants seek a return via phantom investments in equity securities and/or mutual funds. The fair value of this liability was based on quoted prices for these equity securities and mutual funds. The income effect of changes in the fair value of the nonqualified employee savings plan is recorded in Selling and General Expenses.
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The Company offsets certain assets and liabilities related to derivative contracts when the legal right of offset exists. There were no offsetting positions recorded at December 31, 2016 and 2015.
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The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments held by the Company at December 31, 2016 and 2015. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. The table excludes cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and accrued expenses, all of which had fair values approximating carrying amounts. The carrying value of Canadian government securities is determined based on cost plus earned interest. The fair value of current and long-term debt was estimated based on rates offered to the Company at that time for debt of the same maturities. The Company has off-balance sheet exposures relating to
certain letters of credit. The fair value of these, which represents fees associated with obtaining the instruments, was nominal.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
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Fair Values - Nonrecurring
As a result of significantly lower commodity prices during 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized approximately $95,088,000 and $2,493,156,000, respectively, in pretax noncash impairment charges related primarily to producing properties. The fair value information associated with these impaired properties is presented in the following table.
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The fair values were determined by internal discounted cash flow models using estimates of future production, prices from futures exchanges, costs and a discount rate believed to be consistent with those used by principal market participants in the applicable region.
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
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Note R - Commitments
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The Company leases production and other facilities under operating leases. The most significant operating leases are associated with floating, production, storage and offloading facilities at the Kikeh oil field and a production facility at the West Patricia field. During each of the next five years, expected future net rental payments under all operating leases are approximately $71,335,000 in 2017, $67,586,000 in 2018, $54,672,000 in 2019, $54,423,000 in 2020 and $54,622,000 in 2021. Rental expense for noncancellable operating leases, including contingent payments when applicable, was $77,520,000 in 2016, $111,425,000 in 2015, and $144,981,000 in 2014. A lease of production equipment at the Kakap field offshore Sabah, Malaysia has been accounted for as a capital lease and is included in long-term debt discussed in Note G.
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The Company has entered into contracts to hire various drilling rigs and associated equipment for periods beyond December 31, 2016. These rigs will primarily be utilized for drilling operations onshore U.S. and Canada and offshore Malaysia. Future commitments under these contracts, all of which expire by 2019, total $45,042,000. A portion of these costs are expected to be borne by other working interest owners as partners of the Company when the wells are drilled. These drilling costs are generally expected to be accounted for as capital expenditures as incurred during the contract periods.
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The Company has operating, production handling and transportation service agreements for oil and/or natural gas operations in the U.S. and Western Canada. The U.S. transportation contracts require minimum monthly payments through 2024, while the Western Canada processing contracts call for minimum monthly payments through 2035. Future required minimum monthly payments for the next five years are $53,893,000 in 2017, $48,962,000 in 2018, $42,616,000 in 2019, $46,597,000 in 2020 and $47,793,000 in 2021. Under certain circumstances, the Company is required to pay additional amounts depending on the actual hydrocarbon quantities processed under the agreement. Total costs incurred under these service arrangements were $50,300,000 in 2016, 32,473,000 in 2015, and $34,597,000 in 2014.
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Commitments for capital expenditures were approximately $585,651,000 at December 31, 2016, including $224,485,000 for field development and future work commitments in Malaysia, $156,984,000 for development at Kaybob Duvernay in Canada, $107,002,000 for work in the Eagle Ford Shale, $25,202,000 for costs to develop deepwater Gulf of Mexico fields, and $27,178,000 and $12,828,000 for future work commitments in Vietnam and Brunei, respectively.
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Note S - Contingencies
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The Company’s operations and earnings have been and may be affected by various forms of governmental action both in the United States and throughout the world. Examples of such governmental action include, but are by no means limited to: tax increases, tax rate changes, and retroactive tax claims; royalty and revenue sharing increases; import and export controls; price controls; currency controls; allocation of supplies of crude oil and petroleum products and other goods; expropriation of property; restrictions and preferences affecting the issuance of oil and gas or mineral leases; restrictions on drilling and/or production; laws and regulations intended for the promotion of safety and the protection and/or remediation of the environment; governmental support for other forms of energy; and laws and regulations affecting the Company’s relationships with employees, suppliers, customers, stockholders and others. Because governmental actions are often motivated by political considerations, may be taken without full
consideration of their consequences, and may be taken in response to actions of other governments, it is not practical to attempt to predict the likelihood of such actions, the form the actions may take or the effect such actions may have on the Company.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS - Murphy and other companies in the oil and gas industry are subject to numerous federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations dealing with the environment. Violation of federal or state environmental laws, regulations and permits can result in the imposition of significant civil and criminal penalties, injunctions and construction bans or delays. A discharge of hazardous substances into the environment could, to the extent such event is not insured, subject the Company to substantial expense, including both the cost to comply with applicable regulations and claims by neighboring landowners and other third parties for any personal injury and property damage that might result.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
The Company currently owns or leases, and has in the past owned or leased, properties at which hazardous substances have been or are being handled. Although the Company has used operating and disposal practices that were standard in the industry at the time, hazardous substances may have been disposed of or released on or under the properties owned or leased by the Company or on or under other locations where these wastes have been taken for disposal. In addition, many of these properties have been operated by third parties whose treatment and disposal or release of hydrocarbons or other wastes were not under Murphy’s control. Under existing laws, the Company could be required to remove or remediate previously disposed wastes (including wastes disposed of or released by prior owners or operators), to clean up contaminated property (including contaminated groundwater) or to perform remedial plugging operations to prevent future contamination. Certain of these historical properties are in various stages of negotiation, investigation, and/or cleanup, and the Company is investigating the extent of any such liability and the availability of applicable defenses. The Company has retained certain liabilities related to environmental matters at formerly owned U.S. refineries that were sold in 2011. The Company also obtained insurance covering certain levels of environmental exposures related to past operations of these refineries. Murphy USA Inc. has retained any environmental exposure associated with Murphy’s former U.S. marketing operations that were spun-off in August 2013. The Company believes costs related to these sites will not have a material adverse effect on Murphy’s net income, financial condition or liquidity in a future period.
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In early 2015, the Company’s subsidiary in Canada identified a leak or leaks at an infield condensate transfer pipeline at the Seal field in a remote area of Alberta. The pipeline was immediately shut down and the Company’s emergency response plan was activated. In cooperation with local governmental regulators, and with the assistance of qualified consultants, an investigation and remediation plan is progressing as planned and the Company’s insurers were notified. The Company has not yet established a complete estimate of the costs to remediate the site. Based on the assessments done to date, the Company recorded $43.9 million in Other expense in the 2015 Consolidated Statements of Operations associated with the estimated costs of remediating the site. The Company has spent $35.3 million from inception to the end of 2016. Further refinements in the estimated total cost to remediate the site are anticipated in future periods including possible insurance recoveries. It is possible that the ultimate net remediation costs to the Company associated with the condensate leak or leaks will exceed the amount of liability recorded.
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There is the possibility that environmental expenditures could be required at currently unidentified sites, and new or revised regulations could require additional expenditures at known sites. However, based on information currently available to the Company, the amount of future remediation costs incurred at known or currently unidentified sites is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future net income, cash flows or liquidity.
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LEGAL MATTERS - Murphy and its subsidiaries are engaged in a number of other legal proceedings, all of which Murphy considers routine and incidental to its business. Based on information currently available to the Company, the ultimate resolution of environmental and legal matters referred to in this note is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s net income, financial condition or liquidity in a future period.
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
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Note T - Common Stock Issued and Outstanding
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Activity in the number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding for the three years ended December 31, 2016 is shown below.
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*Shares issued upon exercise of stock options and award of restricted stock are less than the amount reflected in Note J due to withholdings for statutory income taxes owed upon issuance of shares.
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Note U - Subsequent Events
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In January 2017, a Canadian subsidiary of the Company completed its disposition of the Seal field in Western Canada. Total cash consideration to Murphy upon closing of the transaction was approximately $49.0 million. A $132.4 million pretax gain is expected to be reported in the first quarter of 2017 related to the sale.
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Note V - Business Segments
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Murphy’s reportable segments are organized into geographic areas of operations. The Company’s exploration and production activity is subdivided into segments for the United States, Canada, Malaysia and all other countries. Each of these segments derives revenues primarily from the sale of crude oil, condensate, natural gas liquids and/or natural gas. The Company’s management evaluates segment performance based on income (loss) from operations, excluding interest income and interest expense. Intersegment transfers of crude oil, natural gas and petroleum products are at market prices and intersegment services are recorded at cost.
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The Company completed the sale of its U.K. downstream assets during 2015. The Company sold its retail marketing operations in the United Kingdom on September 30, 2014. For all years presented, assets and liabilities associated with U.K. refining and marketing operations were reported as held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These operations have been reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements.
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The Company has several customers that purchase a significant portion of its oil and natural gas production. During 2016, sales to Phillips 66 and affiliated companies represented approximately 17% of the Company’s total sales revenue. During 2015, sales to Phillips 66 and affiliated companies represented approximately 17% of the Company’s total sales revenue. During 2014, sales to Shell Oil and affiliated companies and Phillips 66 and affiliated companies represented approximately 20% and 14%, respectively, of the Company’s total sales revenue. Due to the quantity of active oil and natural gas purchasers in the markets where it produces hydrocarbons, the Company does not foresee any difficulty with selling its hydrocarbon production at fair market prices.
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Information about business segments and geographic operations is reported in the following tables. For geographic purposes, revenues are attributed to the country in which the sale occurs. Corporate and other activities, including interest income, miscellaneous gains and losses, interest expense and unallocated overhead, are shown in the tables to reconcile the business segments to consolidated totals. As used in the table on the following page, Certain Long-Lived Assets at December 31 exclude investments, noncurrent receivables, deferred tax assets, and goodwill and other intangible assets.
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued
			
		
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
			
		
The following unaudited schedules are presented in accordance with required disclosures about Oil and Gas Producing Activities to provide users with a common base for preparing estimates of future cash flows and comparing reserves among companies. Additional background information follows concerning five of the schedules.
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SCHEDULE 1 - SUMMARY OF PROVED CRUDE OIL AND SYNTHETIC OIL RESERVES
SCHEDULE 2 - SUMMARY OF PROVED NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS RESERVES
SCHEDULE 3 - SUMMARY OF PROVED NATURAL GAS RESERVES
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Reserves of crude oil, synthetic oil, condensate, natural gas liquids and natural gas are estimated by the Company’s or independent engineers and are adjusted to reflect contractual arrangements and royalty rates in effect at the end of each year. Many assumptions and judgmental decisions are required to estimate reserves. Reported quantities are subject to future revisions, some of which may be substantial, as additional information becomes available from reservoir performance, new geological and geophysical data, additional drilling, technological advancements, price changes and other economic factors.
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Murphy’s estimations for proved reserves were generated through the integration of available geoscience, engineering, and economic data, and commercially available technologies, to establish ‘reasonable certainty’ of economic productibility. As defined by the SEC, reasonable certainty of proved reserves describes a high degree of confidence that the quantities will be recovered. In estimating proved reserves, Murphy uses familiar industry-accepted methods for subsurface evaluations, including performance, volumetric, and analogue based studies. Where appropriate, Murphy includes reliable geologic and engineering technology to estimate proved reserves. Reliable geologic and engineering technology is a method or combination of methods that are field tested and have been demonstrated to provide reasonably certain results with consistency and repeatability in the formation being evaluated or in an analogous formation. This integrated approach increases the quality of and confidence in Murphy’s proved reserves estimates, and was utilized in certain undrilled acreage at distances greater than the directly offsetting development spacing areas, and in certain reservoirs developed with the application of improved recovery techniques. Murphy utilized a combination of 3D seismic interpretation, core analysis, wellbore log measurements, well test data, historic production and pressure data, and commercially available seismic processing and numerical reservoir simulation programs. Reservoir parameters from analogous reservoirs were used to strengthen the reserves estimates when available.
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Prior to its disposition in 2016, Murphy included synthetic crude oil from its 5% interest in the Syncrude project in Alberta, Canada in its proved crude oil reserves. This operation involves a process of mining tar sands and converting the raw bitumen into a pipeline-quality crude. The proved reserves associated with this project are estimated through a combination of core-hole drilling and realized process efficiencies. The high-density core-hole drilling, at a spacing of less than 500 meters (proved area), provides engineering and geologic data needed to estimate the volumes of tar sand in place and its associated bitumen content. The bitumen generally constitutes approximately 10% of the total bulk tar sand that is mined. The bitumen extraction process is fairly efficient and removes about 90% of the bitumen that is contained within the tar sand. The final step of the process converts the 8.4° API bitumen into 30°-34° API crude oil. A catalytic cracking process is used to crack the long hydrocarbon chains into shorter ones yielding a final crude oil that can be shipped via pipelines. The cracking process has an efficiency ranging from 85% to 90%. Overall, it takes approximately two metric tons of oil sand to produce one barrel of synthetic crude oil. All synthetic oil volumes reported as proved reserves in Schedule 1 are the final synthetic crude oil product.
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Production quantities shown are net volumes withdrawn from reservoirs. These may differ from sales quantities due to inventory changes, volumes consumed for fuel and/or shrinkage from extraction of natural gas liquids.
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All crude oil and synthetic reserves, natural gas liquids reserves and natural gas reserves are from consolidated subsidiaries and proportionately consolidated joint ventures. The Company has no proved reserves attributable to investees accounted for by the equity method.
			 		
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) - Continued
			
		
All proved reserves in Malaysia are associated with production sharing contracts for Blocks SK 309/311, K and H. Malaysia reserves include oil and gas to be received for both cost recovery and profit provisions under the contract. Liquids and natural gas proved reserves associated with the production sharing contracts in Malaysia totaled 66.2 million barrels and 539.8 billion cubic feet, respectively, at December 31, 2016. Approximately 26.5 billion cubic feet of natural gas proved reserves in Malaysia at December 31, 2016 relate to fields in Block K for which the Company expects to receive sale proceeds of approximately $0.24 per thousand cubic feet.
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SCHEDULE 5 - RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR OIL AND GAS PRODUCING ACTIVITIES
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Results of operations from exploration and production activities by geographic area for 2014 are reported as if these activities were not part of an operation that also refines crude oil and sells refined products.
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SCHEDULE 6 - STANDARDIZED MEASURE OF DISCOUNTED FUTURE NET CASH FLOWS RELATING TO PROVED OIL AND GAS RESERVES
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GAAP requires calculation of future net cash flows using a 10% annual discount factor, an unweighted average of oil and natural gas prices in effect at the beginning of each month of the year, and year-end costs and statutory tax rates, except for known future changes such as contracted prices and legislated tax rates.
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The reported value of proved reserves is not necessarily indicative of either fair market value or present value of future cash flows because prices, costs and governmental policies do not remain static; appropriate discount rates may vary; and extensive judgment is required to estimate the timing of production. Other logical assumptions would likely have resulted in significantly different amounts.
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Schedule 6 also presents the principal reasons for change in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016.
			
		
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) - Continued
			
		
Schedule 1 - Summary of Proved Crude Oil and Synthetic Oil Reserves Based on Average Prices
for 2013 - 2016
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) - Continued
			
		
Schedule 1 - Summary of Proved Crude Oil and Synthetic Oil Reserves Based on Average Prices
for 2013 - 2016 - Continued
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2016 Comments for Proved Crude Oil and Synthetic Oil Reserves Changes
Revisions of previous estimate - The 2016 negative crude oil revision in the U.S. was primarily attributable to impacts of lower price on Eagle Ford Shale volumes and reduced performance in a particular location, partially offset by improved Eagle Ford Shale costs and drilling results in the Gulf of Mexico. The positive Canadian oil reserves revisions in 2016 resulted from improved Kaybob Duvernay performance and an increase at Terra Nova due to development drilling. The positive revisions for crude oil reserves in Malaysia was attributable to improved performance and lower government entitlement under the terms of the respective production sharing contracts due to lower oil prices, which collectively more than offset a negative revision at Kikeh following updated decline curve analysis.
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Extensions and discoveries - In 2016, proved oil reserves were added in the U.S. for drilling activities in the Eagle Ford Shale, and deeper oil-water contacts realized at a field in Malaysia.
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Purchases of Properties - In 2016, the Company’s Canadian subsidiary acquired working interests in the Kaybob Duvernay and liquids rich Placid Montney areas. The crude oil reserves are all associated with the Kaybob Duvernay area.
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Sales of properties - In the U.S., proved oil reserves were reduced following the sale of certain non-core Eagle Ford Shale acreage. In Canada, the Company sold its interests in both a heavy oil field and a synthetic oil project.
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2015 Comments for Proved Crude Oil and Synthetic Oil Reserves Changes
Revisions of previous estimate - The 2015 negative crude oil revision in the U.S. was primarily attributable to impacts of lower price on Eagle Ford Shale volumes, partially offset by improved Eagle Ford Shale performance, improved Eagle Ford Shale lifting costs, and drilling activity in the Gulf of Mexico. The negative Canadian conventional oil reserves revision in 2015 was result of lower heavy oil prices partially offset by increases at both Hibernia and Terra Nova due to development drilling and lower government royalty effects. The positive synthetic oil revision in the current period is due predominantly to lower government royalty effects due to lower oil prices. The positive revision for crude oil reserves in Malaysia was attributable to improved performance and lower government entitlement under the terms of the respective production sharing contracts due to lower oil prices.
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Improved recovery - The 2015 Malaysia crude oil proved reserve add was primarily due to favorable impacts for waterflood activity at certain Sarawak oil fields.
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Extensions and discoveries - In 2015, the U.S. added proved oil reserves primarily for planned drilling activities in the Eagle Ford Shale.
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Sales of properties - The proved crude oil reserves reduction in Malaysia was associated with the 2015 sale of 10% of the Company’s oil and gas assets.
			
		
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) - Continued
			
		
Schedule 1 - Summary of Proved Crude Oil and Synthetic Oil Reserves Based on Average Prices
for 2013 - 2016 - Continued
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2014 Comments for Proved Crude Oil and Synthetic Oil Reserves Changes
Revisions of previous estimates - The 2014 negative crude oil revision in the U.S. was primarily attributed to a new downspacing drilling strategy at the Eagle Ford Shale, which recognizes incrementally greater reserves as an Extension for 2014. The positive Canadian conventional oil reserves revision in 2014 was based on Hibernia well performance and stronger heavy oil prices during 2014. The negative synthetic oil revision in 2014 was based on a review of the recoverable bitumen area coupled with the impact of a lower oil price. The negative revision for crude oil reserves in Malaysia in 2014 was attributable to an updated decline curve analysis for the Kikeh field, partially offset by a benefit for performance associated with field ramp up at Kakap.
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Improved recovery - This 2014 Malaysia crude oil proved reserves adds were associated with favorable impacts for waterflood activities at the Kikeh, Siakap North and Sarawak oil fields.
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Extensions and discoveries - In 2014, the U.S. added proved oil reserves primarily for substantial drilling activities in the Eagle Ford Shale. Canadian proved oil reserves adds in 2014 were associated with drilling activities in the Seal heavy oil area and at the Hibernia field. The crude oil proved reserves adds in 2014 in Malaysia were mostly for drilling activities at the Siakap North and Sarawak oil fields.
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Purchases of properties - The proved crude oil reserves adds in the U.S. were due to acquisition of an interest in the Kodiak field in the Gulf of Mexico.
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Sales of properties - The proved crude oil reserves reduction in Malaysia was associated with the late 2014 sale of 20% of the Company’s oil and gas assets.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) - Continued
			
		
Schedule 2 - Summary of Proved Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) Reserves Based on Average Prices
for 2013 - 2016
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) - Continued
			
		
Schedule 2 - Summary of Proved Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) Reserves Based on Average Prices
for 2013 - 2016 - Continued
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2016 Comments for Proved Natural Gas Liquids Reserves Changes
Revisions of previous estimates - The positive 2016 NGL proved reserves revision was primarily in the Eagle Ford Shale area based on an updated ratio of oil and gas production.
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Extensions and discoveries - Proved NGL reserves were added primarily from drilling activities in the Eagle Ford Shale area.
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Purchase of properties - In Canada, proved NGL reserves were added following the acquisition of acreage in both the Kabob Duvernay and liquids rich Placid Montney areas.
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2015 Comments for Proved Natural Gas Liquids Reserves Changes
Revisions of previous estimates - The positive 2015 NGL proved reserves revision in the U.S. was primarily in the Eagle Ford Shale area based on improved performance.
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Extensions and discoveries - In 2015, the U.S. added NGL reserves primarily for additional drilling activities in the Eagle Ford Shale.
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Sales of properties - The Company sold 10% of its oil and gas assets in Malaysia in January 2015.
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2014 Comments for Proved Natural Gas Liquids Reserves Changes
Revisions of previous estimates - The positive 2014 NGL proved reserves revision in the U.S. was primarily in the Eagle Ford Shale based on an overall review of oil and gas mix for this production area.
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Extensions and discoveries - The 2014 proved NGL reserves add in the U.S. was primarily attributable to drilling activities in the Eagle Ford Shale. The proved reserves add for Canadian NGL in 2014 was primarily associated with the drilling program in the Tupper and Tupper West areas.
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Sales of properties - The Company sold 20% of its oil and gas assets in Malaysia in late 2014.
			
		
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) - Continued
			
		
Schedule 3 - Summary of Proved Natural Gas Reserves Based on Average Prices for 2013 - 2016
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) - Continued
			
		
Schedule 3 - Summary of Proved Natural Gas Reserves Based on Average Prices for 2013 - 2016 - Continued
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2016 Comments for Proved Natural Gas Reserves Changes
Revisions of previous estimates - The 2016 positive natural gas revisions in Canada were attributable to updated well type curves and field development techniques in both the Montney and Duvernay areas of Western Canada. The negative revision for natural gas reserves in Malaysia was primarily attributable to the removal of Sarawak area proved reserves resulting from the government’s decision to delay certain field development plans.
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Extensions and discoveries - In 2016, the U.S. added natural gas reserves primarily for developmental drilling activities in the Eagle Ford Shale. Natural gas reserve adds in Canada were attributable to developmental drilling activities in the Tupper area. In Malaysia, proved natural gas reserves were added in Block H as the Permai field was added to the field development plan.
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Purchase of properties - In Canada, proved natural gas reserves were added following the acquisition of acreage in both the Kaybob Duvernay and liquids rich Placid Montney areas.
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Sales of properties - Proved natural gas reserves were reduced following the sale of certain non-core Eagle Ford Shale acreage in the U.S., and the associated gas related to the sale of a heavy oil field in Canada.
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2015 Comments for Proved Natural Gas Reserves Changes
Revisions of previous estimates - The 2015 negative natural gas revision in the U.S. was primarily attributable to performance declines in certain fields in the Gulf of Mexico offset in part by the overall positive performance in the Eagle Ford Shale area. The positive revisions in Canada were attributable to updated well type curves and field development techniques in the Montney area of Western Canada. The positive revision for natural gas reserves in Malaysia was attributable to lower government entitlement under the terms of the respective production sharing contracts due to lower natural gas prices.
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Improved recovery - The 2015 Malaysia natural gas proved reserve add was primarily due to favorable impacts for waterflood activity at certain Sarawak oil fields.
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Extensions and discoveries - In 2015, the U.S. added natural gas reserves primarily for planned developmental drilling activities in the Eagle Ford Shale while the gas reserve adds in Canada were attributable to developmental drilling activities in the Tupper area.
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Sales of properties - The Company sold 10% of its oil and gas assets in Malaysia in January 2015.
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2014 Comments for Proved Natural Gas Reserves Changes
Extensions and discoveries - The proved reserves of natural gas added in the U.S. in 2014 was primarily associated with the development drilling program in the Eagle Ford Shale, while the add in Canada in 2014 was attributable to drilling in the Tupper and Tupper West areas in Western Canada. The proved natural gas reserves added in Malaysia in 2014 was mostly associated with approval and sanction of the plan for a floating liquefied natural gas development in Block H, offshore Sabah, during 2014.
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Purchases of properties - The Company acquired an interest in the Kodiak field in the Gulf of Mexico in 2014, which added proved reserves of natural gas during 2014.
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Sales of properties - The Company sold its interests in South Louisiana gas fields in 2014, plus it sold a 20% interest in oil and gas assets in Malaysia late in 2014.
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) - Continued
			
		
Schedule 4 - Costs Incurred in Oil and Gas Property Acquisition, Exploration and Development Activities
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*Includes noncash asset retirement costs as follows:
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) - Continued
			
		
Schedule 5 - Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities*
*Results exclude corporate overhead, interest and discontinued operations.
			
		
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) - Continued
			
		
Schedule 5 - Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities* - Continued
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*Results exclude corporate overhead, interest and discontinued operations.
			
		
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) - Continued
			
		
Schedule 6 - Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to
Proved Oil and Gas Reserves
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MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) - Continued
			
		
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Schedule 6 - Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to
Proved Oil and Gas Reserves - Continued
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Following are the principal sources of change in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows for the years shown.
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Schedule 7 - Capitalized Costs Relating to Oil and Gas Producing Activities
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Note:Unproved oil and gas properties above include costs and associated accumulated amortization of properties that do not have proved reserves; these costs include mineral interests, uncompleted exploratory wells, and exploratory wells capitalized pending further evaluation.
			 		
			
		
			
		
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SUPPLEMENTAL QUARTERLY INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
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*Prices are as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange.
			 		
			
		
			
		
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES
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*Amount in 2016 for deferred tax asset valuations is primarily associated with an increase in foreign tax credit carry forwards. Amount in 2015 for deferred tax asset valuation allowance is primarily associated with utilization of foreign tax credit carry forwards. Amount in 2014 for deferred tax asset valuation allowance is primarily associated with final abandonment of certain foreign investments in 2014, essentially offsetting changes in deferred tax assets.
			 		
			
		
			
		
MURPHY OIL CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE II - VALUATION ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
						
						
						
3D seismic
three-dimensional images created by bouncing sound waves off underground rock formations that are used to determine the best places to drill for hydrocarbons
bitumen or oil sands
tar-like hydrocarbon-bearing substance that occurs naturally in certain areas at the Earth’s surface or at relatively shallow depths and which can be recovered, processed and upgraded into a light, sweet synthetic crude oil
deepwater
offshore location in greater than 1,000 feet of water
downstream
refining and marketing operations
dry hole
an unsuccessful exploration well that is plugged and abandoned, with associated costs written off to expense
						
						
exploratory
wildcat and delineation, e.g., exploratory wells
hydrocarbons
organic chemical compounds of hydrogen and carbon atoms that form the basis of all petroleum products
synthetic oil
a light, sweet crude oil produced by upgrading bitumen recovered from oil sands
upstream
oil and natural gas exploration and production operations, including synthetic oil operation
wildcat
well drilled to target an untested or unproved geologic formation
						
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