CHEVRON CORP
Item 1. Business
General Development of Business
Summary Description of Chevron
Chevron Corporation,* a Delaware corporation, manages its investments in subsidiaries and affiliates and provides administrative, financial, management and technology support to U.S. and international subsidiaries that engage in integrated energy and chemicals operations. Upstream operations consist primarily of exploring for, developing and producing crude oil and natural gas; processing, liquefaction, transportation and regasification associated with liquefied natural gas; transporting crude oil by major international oil export pipelines; transporting, storage and marketing of natural gas; and a gas-to-liquids plant. Downstream operations consist primarily of refining crude oil into petroleum products; marketing of crude oil and refined products; transporting crude oil and refined products by pipeline, marine vessel, motor equipment and rail car; and manufacturing and marketing of commodity petrochemicals, plastics for industrial uses and fuel and lubricant additives.
A list of the company’s major subsidiaries is presented on page E-1. As of December 31, 2019, Chevron had approximately 48,200 employees (including about 3,500 service station employees). Approximately 25,400 employees (including about 3,200 service station employees), or 53 percent, were employed in U.S. operations.
Overview of Petroleum Industry
Petroleum industry operations and profitability are influenced by many factors. Prices for crude oil, natural gas, petroleum products and petrochemicals are generally determined by supply and demand. Production levels from the members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), Russia and the United States are the major factors in determining worldwide supply. Demand for crude oil and its products and for natural gas is largely driven by the conditions of local, national and global economies, although weather patterns and taxation relative to other energy sources also play a significant part. Laws and governmental policies, particularly in the areas of taxation, energy and the environment, affect where and how companies invest, conduct their operations and formulate their products and, in some cases, limit their profits directly.
Strong competition exists in all sectors of the petroleum and petrochemical industries in supplying the energy, fuel and chemical needs of industry and individual consumers. In the upstream business, Chevron competes with fully integrated, major global petroleum companies, as well as independent and national petroleum companies, for the acquisition of crude oil and natural gas leases and other properties and for the equipment and labor required to develop and operate those properties. In its downstream business, Chevron competes with fully integrated, major petroleum companies, as well as independent refining and marketing, transportation and chemicals entities and national petroleum companies in the refining, manufacturing, sale and marketing of fuels, lubricants, additives and petrochemicals.
Operating Environment
Refer to pages 28 through 34 of this Form 10-K in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for a discussion of the company’s current business environment and outlook.
Chevron’s Strategic Direction
Chevron’s primary objective is to deliver industry-leading results and superior shareholder value in any business environment. In the upstream, the company’s strategy is to deliver industry-leading returns while developing high-value resource opportunities. In the downstream, the company’s strategy is to grow earnings across the value chain and make targeted investments to lead the industry in returns. In support of the company’s approach to the energy transition, Chevron is focused on lowering carbon intensity cost efficiently, increasing the use of renewables in its business, and investing in future breakthrough technologies.
Information about the company is available on the company’s website at www.chevron.com. Information contained on the company’s website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available free of charge on the company’s website soon after such reports are filed with or furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The reports are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
________________________________________________________
* Incorporated in Delaware in 1926 as Standard Oil Company of California, the company adopted the name Chevron Corporation in 1984 and ChevronTexaco Corporation in 2001. In 2005, ChevronTexaco Corporation changed its name to Chevron Corporation. As used in this report, the term “Chevron” and such terms as “the company,” “the corporation,” “our,” “we,” “us” and "its" may refer to Chevron Corporation, one or more of its consolidated subsidiaries, or all of them taken as a whole, but unless stated otherwise they do not include “affiliates” of Chevron - i.e., those companies accounted for by the equity method (generally owned 50 percent or less) or non-equity method investments. All of these terms are used for convenience only and are not intended as a precise description of any of the separate companies, each of which manages its own affairs.
Description of Business and Properties
The upstream and downstream activities of the company and its equity affiliates are widely dispersed geographically, with operations and projects* in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia. Tabulations of segment sales and other operating revenues, earnings and income taxes for the three years ending December 31, 2019, and assets as of the end of 2019 and 2018 - for the United States and the company’s international geographic areas - are in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on page 68. Similar comparative data for the company’s investments in and income from equity affiliates and property, plant and equipment are in Note 13 beginning on page 71 and Note 16 on page 77. Refer to page 39 of this Form 10-K in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for a discussion of the company’s capital and exploratory expenditures.
Upstream
Reserves
Refer to Table V beginning on page 96 for a tabulation of the company’s proved crude oil, condensate, natural gas liquids, synthetic oil and natural gas reserves by geographic area, at the beginning of 2017 and each year-end from 2017 through 2019. Reserves governance, technologies used in establishing proved reserves additions, and major changes to proved reserves by geographic area for the three-year period ended December 31, 2019, are summarized in the discussion for Table V. Discussion is also provided regarding the nature of, status of, and planned future activities associated with the development of proved undeveloped reserves. The company recognizes reserves for projects with various development periods, sometimes exceeding five years. The external factors that impact the duration of a project include scope and complexity, remoteness or adverse operating conditions, infrastructure constraints, and contractual limitations.
At December 31, 2019, 28 percent of the company’s net proved oil-equivalent reserves were located in the United States, 23 percent were located in Australia and 19 percent were located in Kazakhstan.
The net proved reserve balances at the end of each of the three years 2017 through 2019 are shown in the following table:
At December 31
Liquids - Millions of barrels
Consolidated Companies
4,771
4,975
4,530
Affiliated Companies
1,750
1,815
2,012
Total Liquids
6,521
6,790
6,542
Natural Gas - Billions of cubic feet
Consolidated Companies
26,587
28,733
27,514
Affiliated Companies
2,870
2,843
3,222
Total Natural Gas
29,457
31,576
30,736
Oil-Equivalent - Millions of barrels1
Consolidated Companies
9,202
9,764
9,116
Affiliated Companies
2,229
2,289
2,549
Total Oil-Equivalent
11.431
12.053
11.665
1 Oil-equivalent conversion ratio is 6,000 cubic feet of natural gas = 1 barrel of crude oil.
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*
As used in this report, the term “project” may describe new upstream development activity, individual phases in a multiphase development, maintenance activities, certain existing assets, new investments in downstream and chemicals capacity, investments in emerging and sustainable energy activities, and certain other activities. All of these terms are used for convenience only and are not intended as a precise description of the term “project” as it relates to any specific governmental law or regulation.
Net Production of Liquids and Natural Gas
The following table summarizes the net production of liquids and natural gas for 2019 and 2018 by the company and its affiliates. Worldwide oil-equivalent production of 3.058 million barrels per day in 2019 was up more than 4 percent from 2018. Production increases from shale and tight properties, and the Wheatstone project in Australia were partially offset by normal field declines. Refer to the “Results of Operations” section beginning on page 32 for a detailed discussion of the factors explaining the changes in production for crude oil, condensate, natural gas liquids, synthetic oil and natural gas, and refer to Table V on pages 99 through 101 for information on annual production by geographical region.
Components of Oil-Equivalent
Oil-Equivalent
Liquids
Natural Gas
Thousands of barrels per day (MBPD)
(MBPD)1
(MBPD)
(MMCFPD)
Millions of cubic feet per day (MMCFPD)
United States
1,225
1,034
Other Americas
Argentina
Brazil
Canada2
Colombia
-
-
Total Other Americas
Africa
Angola
Democratic Republic of the Congo3
-
-
-
-
Nigeria
Republic of Congo
Total Africa
Asia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
China
Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Myanmar
-
-
Partitioned Zone4
-
-
-
-
-
-
Philippines
Thailand
1,038
1,022
Total Asia
2,189
2,233
Australia/Oceania
Australia
2,460
2,304
Total Australia/Oceania
2,460
2,304
Europe
Denmark5
United Kingdom
Total Europe
Total Consolidated Companies
2,586
2,483
1,509
1,443
6,459
6,244
Affiliates2,6
Total Including Affiliates7
3,058
2,930
1,865
1,782
7,157
6,889
1 Oil-equivalent conversion ratio is 6,000 cubic feet of natural gas = 1 barrel of crude oil.
2 Includes synthetic oil: Canada, net
-
-
Venezuelan affiliate, net
-
-
3 Chevron sold its interest in a concession in the Democratic Republic of Congo in April 2018.
4 Located between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Production has been shut-in since May 2015.
5 Chevron sold its 12 percent nonoperated working interest in the Danish Underground Consortium in April 2019.
6 Volumes represent Chevron’s share of production by affiliates, including Tengizchevroil in Kazakhstan; Petroboscan and Petropiar in Venezuela; and Angola LNG in Angola.
7 Volumes include natural gas consumed in operations of 638 million and 619 million cubic feet per day in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Total “as sold” natural gas volumes were 6,519 million and 6,270 million cubic feet per day for 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Production Outlook
The company estimates its average worldwide oil-equivalent production in 2020 will grow up to 3 percent compared to 2019, assuming a Brent crude oil price of $60 per barrel and excluding the impact of anticipated 2020 asset sales. This estimate is subject to many factors and uncertainties, as described beginning on page 30. Refer to the “Review of Ongoing Exploration and Production Activities in Key Areas,” beginning on page 8, for a discussion of the company’s major crude oil and natural gas development projects.
Average Sales Prices and Production Costs per Unit of Production
Refer to Table IV on page 95 for the company’s average sales price per barrel of liquids (including crude oil, condensate and natural gas liquids) and per thousand cubic feet of natural gas produced, and the average production cost per oil-equivalent barrel for 2019, 2018 and 2017.
Gross and Net Productive Wells
The following table summarizes gross and net productive wells at year-end 2019 for the company and its affiliates:
At December 31, 2019
Productive Oil Wells*
Productive Gas Wells*
Gross
Net
Gross
Net
United States
39,282
28,179
2,727
1,978
Other Americas
1,070
Africa
1,713
Asia
14,450
12,522
3,577
2,012
Australia/Oceania
Europe
-
-
Total Consolidated Companies
57,082
42,324
6,624
4,145
Affiliates
1,643
-
-
Total Including Affiliates
58,725
42,912
6,624
4,145
Multiple completion wells included above
* Gross wells represent the total number of wells in which Chevron has an ownership interest. Net wells represent the sum of Chevron’s ownership interest in gross wells.
Acreage
At December 31, 2019, the company owned or had under lease or similar agreements undeveloped and developed crude oil and natural gas properties throughout the world. The geographical distribution of the company’s acreage is shown in the following table:
Undeveloped2
Developed
Developed and Undeveloped
Thousands of acres1
Gross
Net
Gross
Net
Gross
Net
United States
3,665
3,214
4,149
2,886
7,814
6,100
Other Americas
17,004
10,543
1,219
18,223
10,827
Africa
3,717
1,443
2,238
5,955
2,376
Asia
19,165
7,992
1,678
20,843
8,916
Australia/Oceania
10,882
5,697
2,061
12,943
6,509
Total Consolidated Companies
54,433
28,889
11,345
5,839
65,778
34,728
Affiliates
Total Including Affiliates
54,930
29,108
11,652
5,956
66,582
35,064
1 Gross acres represent the total number of acres in which Chevron has an ownership interest. Net acres represent the sum of Chevron’s ownership interest in gross acres.
2 The gross undeveloped acres that will expire in 2020, 2021 and 2022 if production is not established by certain required dates are 1,136, 2,644 and 4,180, respectively.
Delivery Commitments
The company sells crude oil and natural gas from its producing operations under a variety of contractual obligations. Most contracts generally commit the company to sell quantities based on production from specified properties, but some natural gas sales contracts specify delivery of fixed and determinable quantities, as discussed below.
In the United States, the company is contractually committed to deliver 951 billion cubic feet of natural gas to third parties from 2020 through 2022. The company believes it can satisfy these contracts through a combination of equity production from the company’s proved developed U.S. reserves and third-party purchases. These commitments are primarily based on contracts with indexed pricing terms.
Outside the United States, the company is contractually committed to deliver a total of 2,377 billion cubic feet of natural gas to third parties from 2020 through 2022 from operations in Australia, Colombia, Indonesia and the Philippines. These sales contracts contain variable pricing formulas that are generally referenced to the prevailing market price for crude oil, natural gas or other petroleum products at the time of delivery. The company believes it can satisfy these contracts from quantities available from production of the company’s proved developed reserves in these countries.
Development Activities
Refer to Table I on page 92 for details associated with the company’s development expenditures and costs of proved property acquisitions for 2019, 2018 and 2017.
The following table summarizes the company’s net interest in productive and dry development wells completed in each of the past three years, and the status of the company’s development wells drilling at December 31, 2019. A “development well” is a well drilled within the known area of a crude oil or natural gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.
Wells Drilling*
Net Wells Completed
at 12/31/19
Gross
Net
Prod.
Dry
Prod.
Dry
Prod.
Dry
United States
Other Americas
-
-
-
Africa
-
-
-
Asia
Australia/Oceania
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Europe
-
-
-
-
Total Consolidated Companies
Affiliates
-
-
-
Total Including Affiliates
* Gross wells represent the total number of wells in which Chevron has an ownership interest. Net wells represent the sum of Chevron’s ownership interest in gross wells.
Exploration Activities
Refer to Table I on page 92 for detail on the company’s exploration expenditures and costs of unproved property acquisitions for 2019, 2018 and 2017.
The following table summarizes the company’s net interests in productive and dry exploratory wells completed in each of the last three years, and the number of exploratory wells drilling at December 31, 2019. “Exploratory wells” are wells drilled to find and produce crude oil or natural gas in unknown areas and include delineation and appraisal wells, which are wells drilled to find a new reservoir in a field previously found to be productive of crude oil or natural gas in another reservoir or to extend a known reservoir.
Wells Drilling*
Net Wells Completed
at 12/31/19
Gross
Net
Prod.
Dry
Prod.
Dry
Prod.
Dry
United States
Other Americas
-
-
-
-
Africa
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Asia
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Australia/Oceania
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Europe
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total Consolidated Companies
Affiliates
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total Including Affiliates
* Gross wells represent the total number of wells in which Chevron has an ownership interest. Net wells represent the sum of Chevron’s ownership interest in gross wells.
Review of Ongoing Exploration and Production Activities in Key Areas
Chevron has exploration and production activities in many of the world’s major hydrocarbon basins. Chevron’s 2019 key upstream activities, some of which are also discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, beginning on page 32, are presented below. The comments include references to “total production” and “net production,” which are defined under “Production” in Exhibit 99.1 on page E-7.
The discussion that follows references the status of proved reserves recognition for significant long-lead-time projects not on production as well as for projects recently placed on production. Reserves are not discussed for exploration activities or recent discoveries that have not advanced to a project stage, or for mature areas of production that do not have individual projects requiring significant levels of capital or exploratory investment.
United States
Upstream activities in the United States are primarily located in the midcontinent region, the Gulf of Mexico, California and the Appalachian Basin. Net daily oil-equivalent production in the United States during 2019 averaged 929,000 barrels.
The company’s activities in the midcontinent region are primarily in New Mexico and Texas. During 2019, net daily production in these areas averaged 259,000 barrels of crude oil, 835 million cubic feet of natural gas and 120,000 barrels of natural gas liquids (NGLs).
In the Permian Basin of West Texas and southeast New Mexico, the company holds approximately 500,000 and 1,200,000 net acres of shale and tight resources in the Midland and Delaware basins, respectively. This acreage includes multiple stacked formations that enable production from several layers of rock in different geologic zones. Chevron has implemented a factory development strategy in the basin, which utilizes multiwell pads to drill a series of horizontal wells that are completed concurrently using hydraulic fracture stimulation. The company is also applying data analytics and technology to drive improvements in identifying well targets, in drilling and completions and in production performance. In 2019, the company’s net daily production in the basin averaged 244,000 barrels of crude oil, 735 million cubic feet of natural gas and 115,000 barrels of NGLs. The company also holds approximately 360,000 net acres in the Central Basin Platform of the Permian Basin.
In July 2019, Chevron entered into a renewable wind power purchase agreement designed to cost-effectively power a portion of its Permian Basin operations.
During 2019, net daily production in the Gulf of Mexico averaged 200,000 barrels of crude oil, 112 million cubic feet of natural gas and 12,000 barrels of NGLs. Chevron is engaged in various operated and nonoperated exploration, development and production activities in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. Chevron also holds nonoperated interests in several shelf fields.
The deepwater Jack and St. Malo fields are being jointly developed with a host floating production unit located between the two fields. Chevron has a 50 percent interest in the Jack Field and a 51 percent interest in the St. Malo Field. Both fields are company operated. The company has a 40.6 percent interest in the production host facility, which is designed to accommodate production from the Jack/St. Malo development and third-party tiebacks. Total daily production from the Jack and St. Malo fields in 2019 averaged 135,000 barrels of liquids (68,000 net) and 22 million cubic feet of natural gas (11 million net). Additional development opportunities for the Jack and St. Malo fields progressed in 2019. Stage 3 development drilling continued with the final well expected to be completed in first-half 2020. Proved reserves have been recognized for this phase. Two additional wells were added to the Jack Field in 2019, with one commencing production. The St. Malo Stage 4 waterflood project reached a final investment decision in August 2019. The project includes two new production wells, three injector wells, and topsides water injection equipment. First injection is expected in 2023. The Stage 4 multiphase subsea pump project also reached a final investment decision in May 2019. The initial recognition of proved reserves occurred in 2019 for the multiphase subsea pump project. The Jack and St. Malo fields have an estimated production life of 30 years.
The company has a 15.6 percent nonoperated working interest in the deepwater Mad Dog Field. In 2019, net daily production averaged 9,000 barrels of liquids and 1 million cubic feet of natural gas. Project execution continued in 2019 on the Mad Dog 2 Project. This phase of the plan is the development of the southwestern extension of the Mad Dog Field, including a new floating production platform with a design capacity of 140,000 barrels of crude oil per day. Drilling and fabrication are progressing as planned, and first oil is expected in 2021. Proved reserves have been recognized for the Mad Dog 2 Project.
Chevron has a 60 percent-owned and operated interest in the Big Foot Project, located in the Walker Ridge area. In 2019, net daily production averaged 11,000 barrels of crude oil and 2 million cubic feet of natural gas. Development drilling activities continued in 2019 with one well coming online and one additional well expected to come online by the end of 2020. The project has an estimated production life of 35 years.
At the 58 percent-owned and operated deepwater Tahiti Field, net daily production averaged 51,000 barrels of crude oil, 22 million cubic feet of natural gas and 3,000 barrels of NGLs. The final well from the Tahiti Vertical Expansion Project was completed in April 2019. The Tahiti Upper Sands Project includes topsides facility enhancements to process high gas rates and reached a final investment decision in July 2019. The initial recognition of proved reserves occurred in 2019 for this project. The Tahiti Field has an estimated remaining production life of 25 years.
Chevron holds a 25 percent nonoperated working interest in the Stampede Field, which is located in the Green Canyon area. In 2019, total daily production averaged 28,000 barrels of liquids (7,000 net) and 6 million cubic feet of natural gas (2 million net). The second and third injection wells were completed and brought online in 2019. Production ramp-up is expected to continue, with the completion of the final producing well expected in first-half 2020. The field has an estimated production life of 30 years.
Chevron has owned and operated interests of 62.9 to 75.4 percent in the unit areas containing the Anchor Field. Stage 1 of the Anchor development consists of a seven-well subsea development and a semi-submersible floating production unit. A final investment decision was reached in December 2019. The planned facility has a design capacity of 75,000 barrels of crude oil and 28 million cubic feet of natural gas per day. The initial recognition of proved reserves occurred in 2019 for this project.
Chevron has a 60 percent-owned and operated interest in the Ballymore Field located in the Mississippi Canyon area and a 40 percent nonoperated working interest in the Whale discovery located in the Perdido area. Two appraisal wells were completed in 2019 at the Ballymore Field. At the Whale discovery, a second appraisal well was completed in April 2019. Front-end engineering design activities were initiated for this project in August 2019. At the end of 2019, proved reserves had not been recognized for these projects.
During 2019 and early 2020, the company participated in four exploration and three appraisal wells in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. In April 2019, a significant crude oil discovery was announced in the Blacktip prospect where the company holds a 20 percent nonoperated working interest. In October 2019, an oil discovery was announced in the Esox prospect within the Mississippi Canyon block 726, where Chevron holds a 21.4 percent nonoperated working interest. The well is expected to be tied into the Tubular Bells production facility in first quarter 2020.
In 2019, Chevron added 24 leases to the deepwater portfolio through two gulf-wide lease sales. The company also added 25 additional leases through multiple asset swaps.
In 2019, Chevron was one of the largest producers in California where net daily production averaged 122,000 barrels of crude oil and 16 million cubic feet of natural gas. Construction is underway on a new 29-megawatt solar farm to supply solar power at the Lost Hills Field and is expected to be completed in first-half 2020.
In December 2019, the company impaired its Appalachia shale assets and announced plans to evaluate strategic alternatives, including possible divestment. During 2019, net daily production in these areas averaged 262 million cubic feet of natural gas, 8,000 barrels of NGLs and 2,000 barrels of condensate.
Other Americas
“Other Americas” includes Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Mexico, Suriname and Venezuela. Net daily oil-equivalent production from these countries averaged 216,000 barrels during 2019.
Canada Upstream interests in Canada are concentrated in Alberta, British Columbia and the offshore Atlantic region. The company also has discovered resource interests in the Beaufort Sea region of the Northwest Territories. Net daily oil-equivalent production during 2019 averaged 135,000 barrels, composed of 66,000 barrels of liquids, 95 million cubic feet of natural gas and 53,000 barrels of synthetic oil from oil sands.
Chevron holds a 26.9 percent nonoperated working interest in the Hibernia Field and a 23.7 percent nonoperated working interest in the unitized Hibernia Southern Extension areas offshore Atlantic Canada. Average net daily production in 2019 was 20,000 barrels of crude oil.
The company holds a 29.6 percent nonoperated working interest in the heavy oil Hebron Field, also offshore Atlantic Canada. Total daily crude production continued to ramp up during the year, averaging 112,000 barrels (32,000 net) in 2019. The field has an expected economic life of 30 years.
Chevron holds a 50 percent-owned and operated interest in Flemish Pass Basin Block EL 1138 with 339,000 net acres.
The company holds a 20 percent nonoperated working interest in the Athabasca Oil Sands Project (AOSP) in Alberta. Oil sands are mined from both the Muskeg River and the Jackpine mines, and bitumen is extracted from the oil sands and upgraded
into synthetic oil. Carbon dioxide emissions from the upgrader are reduced by the Quest carbon capture and storage facilities. In 2019, net daily synthetic oil production averaged 53,000 barrels.
The company holds approximately 196,000 net acres in the Duvernay Shale in Alberta. Chevron has a 70 percent-owned and operated interest in most of the Duvernay acreage. A total of 163 wells had been tied into production facilities by early 2020. In 2019, net daily production averaged 14,000 barrels of condensate and natural gas liquids and 79 million cubic feet of natural gas.
Chevron holds a 50 percent-owned and operated interest in the Kitimat LNG and Pacific Trail Pipeline projects and a 50 percent-owned and operated interest in the Liard and Horn River shale gas basins in British Columbia. In December 2019, the company wrote off its investments and announced plans to not move forward with the Kitimat LNG and Pacific Trail Pipeline projects.
Mexico The company owns and operates a 33.3 percent interest in Block 3 in the Perdido area of the Gulf of Mexico covering 139,000 net acres. Initial overall block seismic reprocessing activities concluded in December 2019. Seismic interpretation is commencing in early 2020. Chevron also holds a 37.5 percent-owned and operated interest in Block 22 in the deepwater Cuenca Salina area of the Gulf of Mexico covering 267,000 net acres. In October 2019, Chevron farmed into a 40 percent nonoperated interest in Blocks 20, 21 and 23 in the Cuenca Salina area in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico. Drilling has commenced on the first of two wells planned in 2020. These three blocks cover approximately 589,000 net acres.
Argentina Chevron holds a 50 percent nonoperated interest in the Loma Campana and Narambuena concessions in the Vaca Muerta Shale covering 73,000 net acres. In November 2019, Chevron increased its owned and operated interest from 85 to 100 percent in the El Trapial Field covering 111,000 net acres with both conventional production and Vaca Muerta Shale potential. Net daily oil-equivalent production in 2019 averaged 27,000 barrels, composed of 23,000 barrels of crude oil and 25 million cubic feet of natural gas.
Development activities continued in 2019 at the nonoperated Loma Campana concession in the Vaca Muerta Shale. During 2019, the drilling program continued with 48 horizontal wells drilled. This concession expires in 2048.
The company utilizes waterflood operations to mitigate declines at the operated El Trapial Field and continues to evaluate the potential of the Vaca Muerta Shale. Chevron drilled two horizontal wells in 2019. The El Trapial concession expires in 2032.
Evaluation of the nonoperated Narambuena Block continued with appraisal activity in 2019, including drilling of four horizontal wells. Chevron has a 90 percent-owned and operated interest with a four-year exploratory concession in Loma del Molle Norte Block, consisting of 43,000 net acres.
Brazil In March 2019, Chevron sold its 51.7 percent interest in the Frade concession and its 50 percent interest in Block CE-M715. In February 2020, the company initiated the process to sell its 37.5 percent nonoperated interest in the Papa-Terra oil field. Net daily oil equivalent production in 2019 averaged 8,000 barrels, composed of 8,000 barrels of crude oil and 2 million cubic feet of natural gas.
Chevron holds between 30 to 45 percent of both operated and nonoperated interests in blocks within the Campos and Santos basins. In October 2019, the company was a successful bidder in five deepwater blocks. The contracts for these blocks were executed in February 2020. The acquisition increased Chevron’s acreage to eleven blocks in the Brazil pre-salt trend. Seismic data acquisition and environmental studies have been initiated with two exploration wells anticipated to be drilled in 2020.
Colombia In November 2019, the company signed an agreement to sell its interests in the offshore Chuchupa and onshore Ballena natural gas fields and expects to close this sale in first-half 2020. Net daily production in 2019 averaged 64 million cubic feet of natural gas.
Suriname Chevron holds a 33.3 percent and a 50 percent nonoperated working interest in deepwater Blocks 42 and 45 offshore Suriname, respectively. The deepwater blocks cover a combined area of approximately 1.1 million net acres.
Venezuela Chevron holds nonoperated interests in affiliate companies in Venezuela. Chevron's production activities in Venezuela are located in western Venezuela and the Orinoco Belt. Net daily oil-equivalent production during 2019 averaged 35,000 barrels, composed of 34,000 barrels of crude oil and 7 million cubic feet of natural gas.
Chevron has a 30 percent interest in the Petropiar affiliate that operates the heavy oil Huyapari Field. The production and upgrading project is located in the Orinoco Belt under an agreement expiring in 2033. Petropiar drilled 69 development wells in 2019. Chevron also holds a 39.2 percent interest in the Petroboscan affiliate that operates the Boscan Field in western Venezuela and a 25.2 percent interest in the Petroindependiente affiliate that operates the LL-652 Field in Lake Maracaibo,
both of which are under agreements expiring in 2026. Petroboscan drilled 26 development wells in 2019. For additional information on the company’s activities in Venezuela, refer to Note 22 on page 88 under the heading “Other Contingencies.”
Africa
In Africa, the company is engaged in upstream activities in Angola, Egypt, Nigeria and the Republic of Congo. Net daily oil-equivalent production from these countries averaged 412,000 barrels during 2019.
Angola The company operates and holds a 39.2 percent interest in Block 0, a concession adjacent to the Cabinda coastline, and a 31 percent operated interest in a production-sharing contract (PSC) for deepwater Block 14. The Block 0 concession extends through 2030. Development and production rights for the producing fields in Block 14 expire beginning in 2023. The majority of the production is held in leases that expire between 2027 and 2031. During 2019, net daily production averaged 97,000 barrels of liquids and 324 million cubic feet of natural gas.
In 2019, total daily production at Mafumeira Sul averaged 52,000 barrels of liquids (17,000 net) and 124 million cubic feet of natural gas (49 million net) exported to the Angola LNG plant. Additionally, three new wells were drilled in 2019.
Chevron has a 36.4 percent interest in Angola LNG Limited, which operates an onshore natural gas liquefaction plant in Soyo, Angola. The plant has the capacity to process 1.1 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day. This is the world’s first LNG plant supplied with associated gas, where the natural gas is a byproduct of crude oil production. Feedstock for the plant originates from multiple fields and operators. Total daily production in 2019 averaged 746 million cubic feet of natural gas (272 million net) and 30,000 barrels of liquids (11,000 net).
Angola-Republic of Congo Joint Development Area Chevron operates and holds a 31.3 percent interest in the Lianzi Unitization Zone, located in an area shared equally by Angola and the Republic of Congo. Production from Lianzi is reflected in the totals for Angola and the Republic of Congo.
Republic of Congo Chevron has a 31.5 percent nonoperated working interest in the offshore Haute Mer permit areas (Nkossa, Nsoko and Moho-Bilondo). The permits for Nkossa, Nsoko and Moho-Bilondo expire in 2027, 2034 and 2030, respectively. Average net daily production in 2019 was 49,000 barrels of liquids. In June 2019, the company relinquished its 20.4 percent nonoperated working interest in the Haute Mer B permit area.
Egypt In December 2019, Chevron was announced as the successful bidder for one oil and gas exploration concession in Egypt's Red Sea.
Nigeria Chevron operates and holds a 40 percent interest in eight concessions in the onshore and near-offshore regions of the Niger Delta. In 2019, infill drilling programs continued in the Niger Delta. The company also holds acreage positions in three operated and six nonoperated deepwater blocks, with working interests ranging from 20 to 100 percent. The company’s net daily oil-equivalent production for 2019 in Nigeria averaged 209,000 barrels, composed of 168,000 barrels of crude oil, 215 million cubic feet of natural gas and 5,000 barrels of LPG.
Chevron is the operator of the Escravos Gas Plant (EGP) with a total processing capacity of 680 million cubic feet per day of natural gas and LPG and condensate export capacity of 58,000 barrels per day. The company is also the operator of the 33,000-barrel-per-day Escravos Gas to Liquids facility. In addition, the company holds a 36.7 percent interest in the West African Gas Pipeline Company Limited affiliate, which supplies Nigerian natural gas to customers in Benin, Ghana and Togo.
The 40 percent-owned and operated Sonam natural gas field completed the seven well drilling program in first quarter 2019. The Sonam Field Development Project is designed to process natural gas through the EGP and deliver it to the domestic gas market. Net daily production in 2019 averaged 11,000 barrels of liquids and 89 million cubic feet of natural gas.
Chevron operates and holds a 67.3 percent interest in the Agbami Field, located in deepwater Oil Mining Lease (OML) 127 and OML 128. Infill drilling continued in 2019 to offset field decline. Additionally, Chevron holds a 30 percent nonoperated working interest in the Usan Field in OML 138. The leases that contain the Usan and Agbami Fields expire in 2023 and 2024, respectively.
Also in the deepwater area, the Aparo Field in OML 132 and OML 140 and the third-party-owned OML 118 Bonga SW Field share a common geologic structure and are planned to be developed jointly. Chevron holds a 16.6 percent nonoperated working interest in the unitized area. The development plan involves subsea wells tied back to a floating production, storage and offloading vessel. Work continues to progress towards a final investment decision. At the end of 2019, no proved reserves were recognized for this project.
In deepwater exploration, Chevron operates and holds a 55 percent interest in the deepwater Nsiko discoveries in OML 140. Chevron also holds a 30 percent nonoperated working interest in OML 138, which includes the Usan Field and several satellite discoveries, and a 27 percent interest in adjacent licenses OML 139 and OML 154. The company plans to continue evaluating development options for the multiple discoveries in the Usan area, including the Owowo Field, which straddles OML 139 and OML 154.
In 2019, the company initiated the process to evaluate a possible divestment of its 40 percent operated interest in OML 86 and OML 88.
Asia
In Asia, the company is engaged in upstream activities in Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Myanmar, the Partitioned Zone located between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, the Philippines, Russia and Thailand. During 2019, net daily oil-equivalent production averaged 979,000 barrels in this region.
Azerbaijan In November 2019, Chevron signed an agreement to sell its 9.6 percent nonoperated interest in Azerbaijan International Operating Company and its 8.9 percent interest in the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline affiliate. The sale is expected to close in first-half 2020. Net daily oil-equivalent production in 2019 averaged 20,000 barrels, composed of 18,000 barrels of crude oil and 10 million cubic feet of natural gas.
Kazakhstan Chevron has a 50 percent interest in the Tengizchevroil (TCO) affiliate and an 18 percent nonoperated working interest in the Karachaganak Field. Net daily oil-equivalent production in 2019 averaged 430,000 barrels, composed of 339,000 barrels of liquids and 548 million cubic feet of natural gas.
TCO is developing the Tengiz and Korolev crude oil fields in western Kazakhstan under a concession agreement that expires in 2033. Net daily production in 2019 from these fields averaged 290,000 barrels of crude oil, 419 million cubic feet of natural gas and 21,000 barrels of NGLs. All of TCO’s 2019 crude oil production was exported through the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) pipeline.
The Future Growth and Wellhead Pressure Management Project (FGP/WPMP) at Tengiz is managed as a single integrated project. The FGP is designed to increase total daily production by about 260,000 barrels of crude oil and to expand the utilization of sour gas injection technology proven in existing operations to increase ultimate recovery from the reservoir. The WPMP is designed to maintain production levels in existing plants as reservoir pressure declines. During 2019, the pipe rack modules and the gas turbine generators were installed, and fabrication in three of the four yards was completed. All initial production wells have been drilled and completed. The WPMP portion is expected to start up in late 2022, with the remaining facilities expected to come online in mid-2023. Proved reserves have been recognized for the FGP/WPMP.
The Karachaganak Field is located in northwest Kazakhstan, and operations are conducted under a PSC that expires in 2038. During 2019, net daily production averaged 28,000 barrels of liquids and 129 million cubic feet of natural gas. Most of the exported liquids were transported through the CPC pipeline during 2019. Work continues to identify the optimal scope for the future expansion of the field. At the end of 2019, proved reserves had not been recognized for future expansion.
Kazakhstan/Russia Chevron has a 15 percent interest in the CPC. In May 2019, CPC shareholders announced a final investment decision on a debottlenecking project, which is expected to further increase capacity. During 2019, CPC transported an average of 1.4 million barrels of crude oil per day, composed of 1.2 million barrels per day from Kazakhstan and 160,000 barrels per day from Russia.
Bangladesh Chevron operates and holds a 100 percent interest in Block 12 (Bibiyana Field) and Blocks 13 and 14 (Jalalabad and Moulavi Bazar fields). The rights to produce from Jalalabad expire in 2030, from Moulavi Bazar in 2033 and from Bibiyana in 2034. Net daily oil-equivalent production in 2019 averaged 110,000 barrels, composed of 638 million cubic feet of natural gas and 4,000 barrels of condensate.
Myanmar Chevron has a 28.3 percent nonoperated working interest in a PSC for the production of natural gas from the Yadana, Badamyar and Sein fields, within Blocks M5 and M6, in the Andaman Sea. The PSC expires in 2028. The company also has a 28.3 percent nonoperated working interest in a pipeline company that transports natural gas to the Myanmar-Thailand border for delivery to power plants in Thailand. Net daily natural gas production in 2019 averaged 93 million cubic feet.
Chevron relinquished its 55 percent-owned and operated interest in Blocks AD3 and A5 in March 2019.
Thailand Chevron holds operated interests in the Pattani Basin, located in the Gulf of Thailand, with ownership ranging from 35 percent to 80 percent. Concessions for producing areas within this basin expire between 2022 and 2035. Chevron also has a 16 percent nonoperated working interest in the Arthit Field located in the Malay Basin. Concessions for the
producing areas within this basin expire between 2036 and 2040. Net daily oil-equivalent production in 2019 averaged 238,000 barrels, composed of 65,000 barrels of crude oil and condensate and 1.0 billion cubic feet of natural gas.
The company holds ownership ranging from 70 to 80 percent of the Erawan concession, which expires in 2022. Erawan concession’s net average daily production in 2019 was 44,000 barrels of crude oil and condensate and 804 million cubic feet of natural gas.
Chevron also has a 35 percent-owned and operated interest in the Ubon Project in Block 12/27, development plans are being evaluated and are expected to include multiple wellhead platforms and infield pipelines to deliver production to a Central Processing Platform with a floating, production, storage and offloading vessel for oil export. At the end of 2019, proved reserves had not been recognized for this project.
Chevron holds between 30 and 80 percent operated and nonoperated working interests in the Thailand-Cambodia overlapping claims area that are inactive, pending resolution of border issues between Thailand and Cambodia.
China Chevron has nonoperated working interests in several areas in China. The company’s net daily production in 2019 averaged 16,000 barrels of crude oil and 93 million cubic feet of natural gas.
In October 2019, Chevron transferred operatorship of the Chuandongbei Project and now has a 49 percent nonoperated working interest in the project, including the Loujiazhai and Gunziping natural gas fields located onshore in the Sichuan Basin.
In April 2019, the company relinquished its interest in the Tienshanpo, Dukouhe and Qilibei natural gas fields.
The company also has nonoperated working interests of 32.7 percent in Block 16/19 in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, 24.5 percent in the Qinhuangdao (QHD) 32-6 Block, and 16.2 percent in Block 11/19 in the Bohai Bay. The PSCs for these producing assets expire between 2022 and 2028.
Philippines The company signed an agreement in October 2019 to sell its 45 percent nonoperated working interest in the offshore Malampaya natural gas field. The sale is expected to close in first-half 2020. Net daily oil-equivalent production in 2019 averaged 26,000 barrels, composed of 136 million cubic feet of natural gas and 3,000 barrels of condensate.
Indonesia Chevron has working interests through various PSCs in Indonesia. In Sumatra, the company holds a 100 percent-owned and operated interest in the Rokan PSC, which expires in 2021. The company operates and holds a 62 percent interest in two PSCs in the Kutei Basin (Rapak and Ganal), located offshore eastern Kalimantan. Additionally, in offshore eastern Kalimantan, the company operates a 72 percent interest in Makassar Strait. The PSCs for offshore eastern Kalimantan expire in 2027 and 2028. Net daily oil-equivalent production in 2019 averaged 109,000 barrels, composed of 101,000 barrels of liquids and 52 million cubic feet of natural gas.
Chevron has concluded that the Indonesia Deepwater Development held by the Kutei Basin PSCs does not compete in its portfolio and is evaluating strategic alternatives for the company’s 62 percent-owned and operated interest.
Partitioned Zone Chevron holds a concession to operate the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s 50 percent interest in the hydrocarbon resources in the onshore area of the Partitioned Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. The concession expires in 2039. Production has been shut in since May 2015 as result of difficulties securing work and equipment permits and a dispute between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. In December 2019, the governments of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait signed a memorandum of understanding to resolve the dispute and allow production to restart in the Partitioned Zone. In mid-February 2020, pre-startup activities commenced. The company expects production to ramp up to pre-shut-in levels within one to two years.
Kurdistan Region of Iraq The company operates and holds a 50 percent interest in the Sarta PSC, which expires in 2047, and a 40 percent interest in the Qara Dagh PSC, which expires in October 2020. In January 2019, Sarta Stage 1A Project reached a final investment decision. Site civil work and construction began in mid-2019, and first oil is expected in second-half 2020. At the end of 2019, proved reserves had not been recognized for this project. Chevron will operate the Sarta block through 2021 and plans to transition to partner operations thereafter.
Europe
In Europe, net oil-equivalent production averaged 67,000 barrels per day during 2019.
United Kingdom The company’s net daily oil-equivalent production in 2019 averaged 62,000 barrels, composed of 44,000 barrels of liquids and 108 million cubic feet of natural gas.
Chevron holds a 19.4 percent nonoperated working interest in the Clair Field, located west of the Shetland Islands. The Clair Ridge Project is the second development phase of the Clair Field, with a design capacity of 120,000 barrels of crude oil and
100 million cubic feet of natural gas per day. Production continues to ramp up with three new wells added in 2019. The Clair Field has an estimated production life extending until 2050.
In January 2019, Chevron sold its 40 percent interest in the undeveloped Rosebank Field. In November 2019, the company sold its interests in producing assets in the Central North Sea, including the Captain Field.
Denmark Chevron sold its 12 percent nonoperated working interest in the Danish Underground Consortium in April 2019.
Australia/Oceania
Chevron is Australia's largest producer of LNG. During 2019, net daily oil-equivalent production averaged 455,000 barrels.
Australia Upstream activities in Australia are concentrated offshore Western Australia, where the company is the operator of two major LNG projects, Gorgon and Wheatstone, and has a nonoperated working interest in the North West Shelf (NWS) Venture and exploration acreage in the Carnarvon Basin and Browse Basin. During 2019, the company's net daily production averaged 45,000 barrels of liquids and 2.5 billion cubic feet of natural gas.
Chevron holds a 47.3 percent-owned and operated interest in the Gorgon Project, which includes the development of the Gorgon and Jansz-Io fields. The project includes a carbon dioxide sequestration facility, which achieved start-up in August 2019. The company commenced drilling 11 new wells for Gorgon Stage 2 during 2019. The Gorgon Stage 2 project is expected to be completed in 2022. Total daily production in 2019 averaged 16,000 barrels of condensate (8,000 barrels net) and 2.3 billion cubic feet of natural gas (1.1 billion net). The project's estimated economic life exceeds 40 years.
The Jansz-Io Compression Project entered front-end engineering and design in March 2019 and is planned to provide access to compression for the Jansz-Io field. The project supports maintaining gas supply to the Gorgon LNG plant and maximizing the recovery of fields accessing the Jansz trunkline.
Chevron holds an 80.2 percent interest in the offshore licenses and a 64.1 percent-owned and operated interest in the LNG facilities associated with the Wheatstone Project. The project includes the development of the Wheatstone and Iago fields, a two-train, 8.9 million-metric-ton-per-year LNG facility, and a domestic gas plant. The onshore facilities are located at Ashburton North on the coast of Western Australia. The total production capacity for the Wheatstone and Iago fields and nearby third-party fields is expected to be approximately 1.6 billion cubic feet of natural gas and 30,000 barrels of condensate per day. Total daily production averaged 22,000 barrels of condensate (18,000 net) and 1.2 billion cubic feet of natural gas (943 million net) in 2019. The project’s estimated economic life exceeds 30 years.
Chevron has a 16.7 percent nonoperated working interest in the NWS Venture in Western Australia.
Chevron holds 50 percent-owned and operated interests in four exploration permits in the northern Carnarvon Basin. Chevron continued to evaluate exploration potential in the Carnarvon Basin during 2019. The company holds nonoperated working interests ranging from 24.8 percent to 50 percent in three exploration blocks in the Browse Basin. Relinquishment of Chevron’s offshore blocks in the Bight Basin was finalized in April 2019.
Chevron has a 100 percent-owned and operated interest in the Clio, Acme and Acme West fields. The company is collaborating with other Carnarvon Basin participants to assess the opportunity of Clio Acme being developed through shared utilization of existing infrastructure.
New Zealand In September 2019, Chevron relinquished its 50 percent operated interest in three deepwater exploration permits in the offshore Pegasus and East Coast basins.
Sales of Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids
The company sells natural gas and natural gas liquids (NGLs) from its producing operations under a variety of contractual arrangements. In addition, the company also makes third-party purchases and sales of natural gas and NGLs in connection with its supply and trading activities.
During 2019, U.S. and international sales of natural gas averaged 4.0 billion and 5.9 billion cubic feet per day, respectively, which includes the company’s share of equity affiliates’ sales. Outside the United States, substantially all of the natural gas sales from the company’s producing interests are from operations in Angola, Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, Colombia, Kazakhstan, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nigeria, the Philippines, Thailand and the United Kingdom.
U.S. and international sales of NGLs averaged 231,000 and 106,000 barrels per day, respectively, in 2019.
Refer to “Selected Operating Data,” on page 37 in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, for further information on the company’s sales volumes of natural gas and natural gas liquids. Refer also to
“Delivery Commitments” beginning on page 6 for information related to the company’s delivery commitments for the sale of crude oil and natural gas.
Downstream
Refining Operations
At the end of 2019, the company had a refining network capable of processing 1.7 million barrels of crude oil per day. Operable capacity at December 31, 2019, and daily refinery inputs for 2017 through 2019 for the company and affiliate refineries are summarized in the table below.
Average crude oil distillation capacity utilization was 90 percent in 2019 and 93 percent in 2018. At the U.S. refineries, crude oil distillation capacity utilization averaged 91 percent in 2019, compared with 97 percent in 2018. Chevron processes both imported and domestic crude oil in its U.S. refining operations. Imported crude oil accounted for about 65 percent and 70 percent of Chevron’s U.S. refinery inputs in 2019 and 2018, respectively.
In the United States, the company continued work on projects to improve refinery flexibility and reliability. At the Richmond Refinery in California, production on the new hydrogen plant reached full operational capacity in January 2019. At the refinery in Salt Lake City, Utah, construction continued on the alkylation retrofit project with more than 100 modules installed. Project start-up is expected in first-half 2021.
In May 2019, the company completed the acquisition of the Pasadena refinery in Texas. The Pasadena Refinery has the capacity to process 110,000 barrels per day of light crude oil and enables the company to leverage its Permian Basin upstream assets.
Outside the United States, the company has three large refineries in South Korea, Singapore and Thailand. The Singapore Refining Company (SRC), a 50 percent-owned joint venture, has a total capacity of 290,000 barrels of crude per day and manufactures a wide range of petroleum products. Recent upgrades have enabled SRC to produce higher-quality gasoline that meets stricter emission standards. The 50 percent-owned, GS Caltex (GSC) operated, Yeosu Refinery in South Korea remains one of the world’s largest refineries with a total crude capacity of 800,000 barrels per day. In February 2019, a final investment decision was reached on the olefins mixed-feed cracker and associated polyethylene unit with first production planned for 2021. The company’s 60.6 percent-owned refinery in Map Ta Phut, Thailand, continues to supply high-quality petroleum products through the Caltex brand into regional markets.
Petroleum Refineries: Locations, Capacities and Inputs
Capacities and inputs in thousands of barrels per day
December 31, 2019
Refinery Inputs
Locations
Number
Operable Capacity
Pascagoula
Mississippi
El Segundo
California
Richmond
California
Pasadena1
Texas
-
-
Salt Lake City
Utah
Total Consolidated Companies - United States
1,044
Map Ta Phut
Thailand
Cape Town2
South Africa
-
-
-
Burnaby, B.C.3
Canada
-
-
-
-
Total Consolidated Companies - International
Affiliates
Various Locations
Total Including Affiliates - International
Total Including Affiliates - Worldwide
1,748
1,564
1,608
1,661
In May 2019, the company acquired the Pasadena, TX refinery.
In September 2018, the company sold its interest in the Cape Town refinery.
In September 2017, the company sold the Burnaby, B.C. refinery.
Marketing Operations
The company markets petroleum products under the principal brands of “Chevron,” “Texaco” and “Caltex” throughout many parts of the world. The following table identifies the company’s and affiliates’ refined products sales volumes, excluding intercompany sales, for the three years ended December 31, 2019.
Refined Products Sales Volumes
Thousands of barrels per day
United States
Gasoline
Jet Fuel
Diesel/Gas Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
Other Petroleum Products1
Total United States
1,250
1,218
1,197
International2
Gasoline
Jet Fuel
Diesel/Gas Oil
Residual Fuel Oil
Other Petroleum Products1
Total International
1,327
1,437
1,493
Total Worldwide2
2,577
2,655
2,690
1 Principally naphtha, lubricants, asphalt and coke.
2 Includes share of affiliates’ sales:
In the United States, the company markets under the Chevron and Texaco brands. At year-end 2019, the company supplied directly or through retailers and marketers to approximately 7,900 Chevron- and Texaco- branded service stations, primarily in the southern and western states. Approximately 310 of these outlets are company-owned or -leased stations.
Outside the United States, Chevron supplied directly or through retailers and marketers approximately 5,100 branded service stations, including affiliates. The company markets in Latin America using the Texaco brand. In 2019, Chevron continued to grow, expanding to nearly 200 branded stations in northwestern Mexico at the end of the year. The company also operates through affiliates under various brand names. In the Asia-Pacific region and the Middle East, the company uses the Caltex brand. In South Korea, the company operates through its 50 percent-owned affiliate, GSC.
In December 2019, the company signed an agreement to acquire a network of terminals and service stations in Australia, which is expected to close in second-half 2020, pending regulatory approval.
Chevron markets commercial aviation fuel at approximately 70 airports worldwide. The company also markets an extensive line of lubricant and coolant products under the product names Havoline, Delo, Ursa, Meropa, Rando, Clarity and Taro in the United States and worldwide under the three brands: Chevron, Texaco and Caltex.
Chemicals Operations
Chevron Oronite Company develops, manufactures and markets performance additives for lubricating oils and fuels and conducts research and development for additive component and blended packages. At the end of 2019, the company manufactured, blended or conducted research at 10 locations around the world. Construction progressed in 2019 on a lubricant additive blending and shipping plant in Ningbo, China. Commercial production is anticipated to begin in 2021.
Chevron owns a 50 percent interest in its Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC (CPChem) affiliate. CPChem produces olefins, polyolefins and alpha olefins and is a supplier of aromatics and polyethylene pipe, in addition to participating in the specialty chemical and specialty plastics markets. At the end of 2019, CPChem owned or had joint-venture interests in 28 manufacturing facilities and two research and development centers around the world.
In 2019, CPChem announced agreements to jointly develop petrochemical complexes in Qatar and the U.S. Gulf Coast. Engineering and design for these projects is underway.
Chevron also maintains a role in the petrochemical business through the operations of GSC, the company’s 50 percent-owned affiliate. GSC manufactures aromatics, including benzene, toluene and xylene. These base chemicals are used to produce a range of products, including adhesives, plastics and textile fibers. GSC also produces polypropylene, which is used to make automotive and home appliance parts, food packaging, laboratory equipment and textiles.
GSC reached a final investment decision in February 2019 to build an olefins mixed-feed cracker and polyethylene unit within the existing refining and aromatics facilities in Yeosu, South Korea.
Transportation
Pipelines Chevron owns and operates a network of crude oil, natural gas and product pipelines and other infrastructure assets in the United States. In addition, Chevron operates pipelines for its 50 percent-owned CPChem affiliate. The company also has direct and indirect interests in other U.S. and international pipelines.
Refer to pages 11 through 13 in the Upstream section for information on the West African Gas Pipeline, the Baku-Tbilisi- Ceyhan Pipeline, and the Caspian Pipeline Consortium.
Shipping The company’s marine fleet includes both U.S. and foreign flagged vessels. The operated fleet consists of conventional crude tankers, product carriers and LNG carriers. These vessels transport crude oil, LNG, refined products and feedstock in support of the company’s global upstream and downstream businesses.
Other Businesses
Research and Technology Chevron’s energy technology organization supports upstream and downstream businesses. The company conducts research, develops and qualifies technology, and provides technical services and competency development. The disciplines cover earth sciences, reservoir and production engineering, drilling and completions, facilities engineering, manufacturing, process technology, catalysis, technical computing and health, environment and safety.
Chevron’s information technology organization integrates computing, telecommunications, data management, cybersecurity and network technology to provide a digital infrastructure to enable Chevron’s global operations and business processes.
In 2019, Chevron continued its involvement in the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI), a global collaboration focused on the industry’s efforts to take actions to accelerate and participate in the energy transition. OGCI members seek to lower carbon footprints of energy, industry, and transportation value chains. This includes work to reduce methane emissions, reduce the carbon intensity of upstream oil and gas emissions, and facilitate large-scale commercial investment in carbon capture, use and storage. OGCI Climate Investments is a $1 billion-plus investment fund set up by the OGCI member companies. OGCI Climate Investments focuses on three objectives: reducing methane emissions during the production, delivery and usage of oil and gas; reducing carbon dioxide emissions by increasing energy efficiency in power, industry and transport; and recycling and storing carbon dioxide produced during power generation or industrial processes by using it in products or storing it. As a member of OGCI, Chevron has committed to contribute $100 million to this fund.
Chevron’s technology ventures unit supports Chevron’s upstream and downstream businesses by bridging the gap between business unit needs and emerging technology solutions developed externally in areas of emerging materials, water management, information technology, power systems and production enhancement. In 2018, Chevron established the Chevron Future Energy Fund with an initial commitment of $100 million to invest in breakthrough technologies that enable the ongoing energy transition. Our investments and partnerships have focused on areas such as alternative energy and emerging technologies, transportation and infrastructure, capturing and reducing emissions, and energy storage.
Some of the investments the company makes in the areas described above are in new or unproven technologies and business processes, and ultimate technical or commercial successes are not certain. Refer to Note 25 on page 89 for a summary of the company’s research and development expenses.
Environmental Protection The company designs, operates and maintains its facilities to avoid potential spills or leaks and to minimize the impact of those that may occur. Chevron requires its facilities and operations to have operating standards and processes and emergency response plans that address significant risks identified through site-specific risk and impact assessments. Chevron also requires that sufficient resources be available to execute these plans. In the unlikely event that a major spill or leak occurs, Chevron also maintains a Worldwide Emergency Response Team comprised of employees who are trained in various aspects of emergency response, including post-incident remediation.
To complement the company’s capabilities, Chevron maintains active membership in international oil spill response cooperatives, including the Marine Spill Response Corporation, which operates in U.S. territorial waters, and Oil Spill Response, Ltd., which operates globally. The company is a founding member of the Marine Well Containment Company, whose primary mission is to expediently deploy containment equipment and systems to capture and contain crude oil in the unlikely event of a future loss of control of a deepwater well in the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, the company is a member of
the Subsea Well Response Project, which has the objective to further develop the industry’s capability to contain and shut in subsea well control incidents in different regions of the world.
The company is committed to improving energy efficiency in its day-to-day operations and is required to comply with the greenhouse gas-related laws and regulations to which it is subject. Refer to
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Chevron is a global energy company and its operating and financial results are subject to a variety of risks inherent in the global oil, gas, and petrochemical businesses. Many of these risks are not within the company’s control and could materially impact the company’s results of operations and financial condition.
Chevron is exposed to the effects of changing commodity prices Chevron is primarily in a commodities business that has a history of price volatility. The single largest variable that affects the company’s results of operations is the price of crude oil, which can be influenced by general economic conditions, industry production and inventory levels, technology advancements, production quotas or other actions that might be imposed by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) or other producers, weather-related damage and disruptions due to other natural or human causes beyond our control, competing fuel prices, and geopolitical risks. Chevron evaluates the risk of changing commodity prices as a core part of its business planning process. An investment in the company carries significant exposure to fluctuations in global crude oil prices.
Extended periods of low prices for crude oil can have a material adverse impact on the company’s results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. Among other things, the company’s upstream earnings, cash flows, and capital and exploratory expenditure programs could be negatively affected, as could its production and proved reserves. Upstream assets may also become impaired. Downstream earnings could be negatively affected because they depend upon the supply and demand for refined products and the associated margins on refined product sales. A significant or sustained decline in liquidity could adversely affect the company’s credit ratings, potentially increase financing costs and reduce access to capital markets. The company may be unable to realize anticipated cost savings, expenditure reductions and asset sales that are intended to compensate for such downturns. In some cases, liabilities associated with divested assets may return to the company when an acquirer of those assets subsequently declares bankruptcy. In addition, extended periods of low commodity prices can have a material adverse impact on the results of operations, financial condition and liquidity of the company’s suppliers, vendors, partners and equity affiliates upon which the company’s own results of operations and financial condition depends.
The scope of Chevron’s business will decline if the company does not successfully develop resources The company is in an extractive business; therefore, if it is not successful in replacing the crude oil and natural gas it produces with good prospects for future organic opportunities or through acquisitions, the company’s business will decline. Creating and maintaining an inventory of projects depends on many factors, including obtaining and renewing rights to explore, develop and produce hydrocarbons; drilling success; reservoir optimization; ability to bring long-lead-time, capital-intensive projects to completion on budget and on schedule; and efficient and profitable operation of mature properties.
The company’s operations could be disrupted by natural or human causes beyond its control Chevron operates in both urban areas and remote and sometimes inhospitable regions. The company’s operations are therefore subject to disruption from natural or human causes beyond its control, including physical risks from hurricanes, severe storms, floods and other forms of severe weather, war, accidents, civil unrest, political events, fires, earthquakes, system failures, cyber threats, terrorist acts and epidemic or pandemic diseases such as the coronavirus, any of which could result in suspension of operations or harm to people or the natural environment.
Chevron’s risk management systems are designed to assess potential physical and other risks to its operations and assets and to plan for their resiliency. While capital investment reviews and decisions incorporate potential ranges of physical risks such as storm severity and frequency, sea level rise, air and water temperature, precipitation, fresh water access, wind speed, and earthquake severity, among other factors, it is difficult to predict with certainty the timing, frequency or severity of such events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the company's results of operations or financial condition.
Cyberattacks targeting Chevron’s process control networks or other digital infrastructure could have a material adverse impact on the company’s business and results of operations There are numerous and evolving risks to Chevron’s cybersecurity and privacy from cyber threat actors, including criminal hackers, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage and employee malfeasance. These cyber threat actors, whether internal or external to Chevron, are becoming more sophisticated and coordinated in their attempts to access the company’s information technology (IT) systems and data, including the IT systems of cloud providers and other third parties with whom the company conducts business. Although Chevron devotes significant resources to prevent unwanted intrusions and to protect its systems and data, whether such data is housed internally or by external third parties, the company has experienced and will continue to experience cyber incidents of varying degrees in the conduct of its business. Cyber threat actors could compromise the company’s process control networks or other critical systems and infrastructure, resulting in disruptions to its business operations, injury to people, harm to the environment or its assets, disruptions in access to its financial reporting systems, or loss, misuse or corruption of its critical data and proprietary information, including without limitation its intellectual property and business information and that of its employees, customers, partners and other third parties. Any of the foregoing can be exacerbated by a delay or failure to detect a cyber incident. Further, the company has exposure to cyber incidents and the negative impacts of such incidents related to its critical data and proprietary information housed on third-party IT systems, including the cloud. Additionally, authorized third-party IT systems can be compromised and used to gain access or introduce malware to Chevron's IT systems during the normal course of business. The company has limited control and visibility over such third-party IT systems. Cyber events could result in significant financial losses, legal or regulatory violations, reputational harm, and legal liability and could ultimately have a material adverse effect on the company’s business and results of operations.
The company’s operations have inherent risks and hazards that require significant and continuous oversight Chevron’s results depend on its ability to identify and mitigate the risks and hazards inherent to operating in the crude oil and natural gas industry. The company seeks to minimize these operational risks by carefully designing and building its facilities and conducting its operations in a safe and reliable manner. However, failure to manage these risks effectively could impair our ability to operate and result in unexpected incidents, including releases, explosions or mechanical failures resulting in personal injury, loss of life, environmental damage, loss of revenues, legal liability and/or disruption to operations. Chevron has implemented and maintains a system of corporate policies, processes and systems, behaviors and compliance mechanisms to manage safety, health, environmental, reliability and efficiency risks; to verify compliance with applicable laws and policies; and to respond to and learn from unexpected incidents. In certain situations where Chevron is not the operator, the company may have limited influence and control over third parties, which may limit its ability to manage and control such risks.
Chevron’s business subjects the company to liability risks from litigation or government action The company produces, transports, refines and markets potentially hazardous materials, and it purchases, handles and disposes of other potentially hazardous materials in the course of its business. Chevron's operations also produce byproducts, which may be considered pollutants. Often these operations are conducted through joint ventures over which the company may have limited influence and control. Any of these activities could result in liability or significant delays in operations arising from private litigation or government action. For example, liability or delays could result from an accidental, unlawful discharge or from new conclusions about the effects of the company’s operations on human health or the environment. In addition, to the extent that societal pressures or political or other factors are involved, it is possible that such liability could be imposed without regard to the company’s causation of or contribution to the asserted damage, or to other mitigating factors.
For information concerning some of the litigation in which the company is involved, see Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, beginning on page 72.
The company does not insure against all potential losses, which could result in significant financial exposure The company does not have commercial insurance or third-party indemnities to fully cover all operational risks or potential liability in the event of a significant incident or series of incidents causing catastrophic loss. As a result, the company is, to a substantial extent, self-insured for such events. The company relies on existing liquidity, financial resources and borrowing capacity to meet short-term obligations that would arise from such an event or series of events. The occurrence of a significant incident or unforeseen liability for which the company is self-insured, not fully insured or for which insurance recovery is significantly delayed could have a material adverse effect on the company’s results of operations or financial condition.
Political instability and significant changes in the legal and regulatory environment could harm Chevron’s business The company’s operations, particularly exploration and production, can be affected by changing economic, regulatory and political environments in the various countries in which it operates. As has occurred in the past, actions could be taken by governments to increase public ownership of the company’s partially or wholly owned businesses, to force contract renegotiations, or to impose additional taxes or royalties. In certain locations, governments have proposed or imposed
restrictions on the company’s operations, trade, currency exchange controls, burdensome taxes, and public disclosure requirements that might harm the company’s competitiveness or relations with other governments or third parties. In other countries, political conditions have existed that may threaten the safety of employees and the company’s continued presence in those countries, and internal unrest, acts of violence or strained relations between a government and the company or other governments may adversely affect the company’s operations. Those developments have, at times, significantly affected the company’s operations and results and are carefully considered by management when evaluating the level of current and future activity in such countries. Further, Chevron is required to comply with U.S. sanctions and other trade laws and regulations which, depending upon their scope, could adversely impact the company's operations in certain countries. For example, with respect to our operations in Venezuela as discussed in Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Other Contingencies and Commitments - Other Contingencies,” future events could result in the environment in Venezuela becoming more challenged, which could lead to increased business disruption and volatility in the associated financial results. In addition, litigation or changes in national, state or local environmental regulations or laws, including those designed to stop or impede the development or production of oil and gas, such as those related to the use of hydraulic fracturing or bans on drilling, could adversely affect the company’s current or anticipated future operations and profitability.
Regulation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has increased and could continue to increase Chevron’s operational costs and reduce demand for Chevron’s hydrocarbon and other products In the years ahead, companies in the energy industry, like Chevron, may be challenged by a further increase in international and domestic regulation relating to GHG emissions. Like any significant changes in the regulatory environment, GHG regulation could have the impact of curtailing profitability in the oil and gas sector or rendering the extraction of the company’s oil and gas resources economically infeasible. Although the IEA’s World Energy Outlook scenarios anticipate oil and gas continuing to make up a significant portion of the global energy mix through 2040 and beyond given their respective advantages in transportation and power generation, if a new onset of regulation contributes to a decline in the demand for the company’s products, this could have a material adverse effect on the company and its financial condition.
International agreements and national, regional and state legislation and regulatory measures that aim to limit or reduce GHG emissions are currently in various stages of implementation. For example, the Paris Agreement went into effect in November 2016, and a number of countries are studying and may adopt additional policies to meet their Paris Agreement goals. In some jurisdictions, the company is already subject to currently implemented programs such as the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard program, the European Union Emissions Trading System, and the California cap-and-trade program and related low carbon fuel standard obligations. Other jurisdictions are considering adopting or are in the process of implementing laws or regulations to directly regulate GHG emissions through similar or other mechanisms such as, for example, via a carbon tax (e.g., Singapore and Canada) or via a cap-and-trade program (e.g., California, Mexico and China). The landscape continues to be in a state of constant re-assessment and legal challenge with respect to these laws and regulations, making it difficult to predict with certainty the ultimate impact they will have on the company in the aggregate.
GHG emissions-related laws and related regulations and the effects of operating in a potentially carbon-constrained environment may result in increased and substantial capital, compliance, operating and maintenance costs and could, among other things, reduce demand for hydrocarbons and the company’s hydrocarbon-based products, make the company’s products more expensive, adversely affect the economic feasibility of the company’s resources, and adversely affect the company’s sales volumes, revenues and margins. GHG emissions (e.g., carbon dioxide and methane) that could be regulated include, among others, those associated with the company’s exploration and production of hydrocarbons such as crude oil and natural gas; the upgrading of production from oil sands into synthetic oil; power generation; the conversion of crude oil and natural gas into refined hydrocarbon products; the processing, liquefaction and regasification of natural gas; the transportation of crude oil, natural gas and related products and consumers’ or customers’ use of the company’s hydrocarbon products. Many of these activities, such as consumers’ and customers’ use of the company’s products and substitute products, as well as actions taken by the company’s competitors in response to such laws and regulations, are beyond the company’s control.
Consideration of GHG issues and the responses to those issues through international agreements and national, regional or state legislation or regulations are integrated into the company’s strategy and planning, capital investment reviews, and risk management tools and processes, where applicable. They are also factored into the company’s long-range supply, demand and energy price forecasts. These forecasts reflect long-range effects from renewable fuel penetration, energy efficiency standards, climate-related policy actions, and demand response to oil and natural gas prices. Additionally, the company assesses carbon pricing risks by considering carbon costs in these forecasts. The actual level of expenditure required to comply with new or potential climate change-related laws and regulations and amount of additional investments in new or
existing technology or facilities, such as carbon dioxide injection, is difficult to predict with certainty and is expected to vary depending on the actual laws and regulations enacted in a jurisdiction, the company’s activities in it and market conditions.
The ultimate effect of international agreements and national, regional and state legislation and regulatory measures to limit GHG emissions on the company’s financial performance, and the timing of these effects, will depend on a number of factors. Such factors include, among others, the sectors covered, the GHG emissions reductions required, the extent to which Chevron would be entitled to receive emission allowance allocations or would need to purchase compliance instruments on the open market or through auctions, the price and availability of emission allowances and credits, and the extent to which the company is able to recover the costs incurred through the pricing of the company’s products in the competitive marketplace. Further, the ultimate impact of GHG emissions-related agreements, legislation and measures on the company’s financial performance is highly uncertain because the company is unable to predict with certainty, for a multitude of individual jurisdictions, the outcome of political decision-making processes and the variables and tradeoffs that inevitably occur in connection with such processes.
Increasing attention to environmental, social and governance (ESG) matters may impact our business Increasing attention to climate change, increasing societal expectations on companies to address climate change, and potential consumer and customer use of substitutes to Chevron’s products may result in increased costs, reduced demand for our products, reduced profits, increased investigations and litigation, and negative impacts on our stock price and access to capital markets. Increasing attention to climate change, for example, may result in demand shifts for our hydrocarbon products and additional governmental investigations and private litigation against the company.
In addition, organizations that provide information to investors on corporate governance and related matters have developed ratings processes for evaluating companies on their approach to ESG matters. Such ratings are used by some investors to inform their investment and voting decisions. Unfavorable ESG ratings may lead to increased negative investor sentiment toward Chevron and our industry and to the diversion of investment to other industries, which could have a negative impact on our stock price and our access to and costs of capital.
Changes in management’s estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements and financial or operational performance in any given period In preparing the company’s periodic reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including its financial statements, Chevron’s management is required under applicable rules and regulations to make estimates and assumptions as of a specified date. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and experience as of that date and are subject to substantial risk and uncertainty. Materially different results may occur as circumstances change and additional information becomes known. Areas requiring significant estimates and assumptions by management include impairments to property, plant and equipment; estimates of crude oil and natural gas recoverable reserves; accruals for estimated liabilities, including litigation reserves; and measurement of benefit obligations for pension and other postretirement benefit plans. Changes in estimates or assumptions or the information underlying the assumptions, such as changes in the company’s business plans, general market conditions or changes in commodity prices, could affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities or expenses.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
The location and character of the company’s crude oil and natural gas properties and its refining, marketing, transportation and chemicals facilities are described beginning on page 3 under Item 1. Business. Information required by Subpart 1200 of Regulation S-K (“Disclosure by Registrants Engaged in Oil and Gas Producing Activities”) is also contained in Item 1 and in Tables I through VII on pages 92 through 103. Note 16, “Properties, Plant and Equipment,” to the company’s financial statements is on page 77.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Governmental Proceedings The following is a description of legal proceedings that the company has determined to disclose for this reporting period that involve governmental authorities and certain monetary sanctions under federal, state and local laws that have been enacted or adopted regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or primarily for the purpose of protecting the environment.
As previously disclosed, the refinery in Pasadena, Texas acquired by Chevron on May 1, 2019 (Pasadena Refining System, Inc. and PRSI Trading LLC) has multiple outstanding Notices of Violation (NOVs) that were issued by the Texas
Commission on Environmental Quality related to air emissions at the refinery. The Pasadena refinery is currently negotiating a resolution of the NOVs with the Texas Attorney General. Resolution of the alleged violations may result in the payment of a civil penalty of $100,000 or more.
Chevron facilities within the jurisdiction of California’s Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) currently have multiple outstanding NOVs issued by BAAQMD. Resolution of the alleged violations may result in the payment of a civil penalty of $100,000 or more. As previously disclosed, on April 24, 2019, Chevron received a proposal from the BAAQMD seeking to resolve certain NOVs related to alleged violations that occurred at Chevron’s refinery in Richmond, California, and the Richmond terminal between 2016 and 2018. Resolution of the alleged violations may result in the payment of a civil penalty of $100,000 or more.
Chevron facilities within the jurisdiction of California’s South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) currently have multiple outstanding NOVs issued by SCAQMD. Resolution of the alleged violations may result in the payment of a civil penalty of $100,000 or more. As previously disclosed, on April 25 and August 21, 2019, Chevron received correspondence from SCAQMD seeking to resolve certain NOVs related to alleged violations that occurred at Chevron’s refinery in El Segundo, California, between 2018 and 2019. Resolution of the alleged violations may result in the payment of a civil penalty of $100,000 or more.
As previously disclosed, the California Department of Conservation, California Geologic Energy Management Division (CalGEM) (previously known as the Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources) promulgated revised rules pursuant to the Underground Injection Control program that took effect April 1, 2019. Subsequent to that date, CalGEM issued NOVs and two orders to Chevron related to seeps that occurred in the Cymric Oil Field in Kern County, California. An October 2, 2019, CalGEM order seeks a civil penalty of approximately $2.7 million. Chevron has filed an appeal of this order. Other state agencies may become engaged in this matter as well. Resolution of this matter may result in the payment of civil penalties of $100,000 or more.
Other Proceedings Information related to other legal proceedings is included beginning on page 72 in Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Information about our Executive Officers
Information relating to the company’s executive officers is included under “Information about our Executive Officers” in Part III, Item 10, “Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance” on page 24, and is incorporated herein by reference.
PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The company’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (trading symbol: CVX). As of February 10, 2020, stockholders of record numbered approximately 118,000. There are no restrictions on the company’s ability to pay dividends. The information on Chevron’s dividends are contained in the Quarterly Results tabulations on page 48.
Chevron Corporation Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities for Quarter Ended December 31, 2019
Total Number
Average
Total Number of Shares
Approximate Dollar Values of Shares that
of Shares
Price Paid
Purchased as Part of Publicly
May Yet be Purchased Under the Program
Period
Purchased 1,2
per Share
Announced Program
(Billions of dollars) 2
Oct. 1 - Oct. 31, 2019
3,997,504
$115.73
3,997,500
$22.1
Nov. 1 - Nov. 30, 2019
3,334,204
$119.48
3,334,204
$21.7
Dec. 1 - Dec. 31, 2019
3,280,855
$118.57
3,280,855
$21.3
Total Oct. 1 - Dec. 31, 2019
10,612,563
$117.78
10,612,559
Includes common shares repurchased from participants in the company's deferred compensation plans for personal income tax withholdings.
Refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” on page 38 for additional detail regarding the company's authorized stock repurchase program.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The selected financial data for years 2015 through 2019 are presented on page 91.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The index to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data is presented on page 27.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The company’s discussion of interest rate, foreign currency and commodity price market risk is contained in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - “Financial and Derivative Instrument Market Risk,” beginning on page 42 and in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, “Financial and Derivative Instruments,” beginning on page 66.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The index to Management’s Discussion and Analysis, Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data is presented on page 27.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures The company’s management has evaluated, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2019.
(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting The company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). The company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on the results of this evaluation, the company’s management concluded that internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019.
The effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report included herein.
(c) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting During the quarter ended December 31, 2019, there were no changes in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Information about our Executive Officers at February 21, 2020
Members of the Corporation’s Executive Committee are the Executive Officers of the Corporation:
Name
Age
Current and Prior Positions (up to five years)
Primary Areas of Responsibility
Michael K. Wirth
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (since Feb 2018)
Vice Chairman of the Board (Feb 2017 - Jan 2018) and Executive
Vice President, Midstream and Development (Jan 2016 - Jan 2018)
Executive Vice President, Downstream (Mar 2006 - Dec 2015)
Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer
James W. Johnson
Executive Vice President, Upstream (since Jun 2015)
Senior Vice President, Upstream (Jan 2014 - Jun 2015)
Worldwide Exploration and Production Activities
Mark A. Nelson
Executive Vice President, Downstream (since Mar 2019)
Vice President, Midstream, Strategy and Policy (Feb 2018 - Feb
2019)
Vice President, Strategic Planning (Apr 2016 - Jan 2018)
President, International Products (Jun 2010 - Mar 2016)
Worldwide Manufacturing, Marketing and Lubricants; Chemicals
Joseph C. Geagea
Executive Vice President, Technology, Projects and Services
(since Jun 2015)
Senior Vice President, Technology, Projects and Services (Jan 2014 -
Jun 2015)
Technology; Health, Environment and Safety; Project Resources Company; Procurement
Colin E. Parfitt
Vice President, Midstream (since Mar 2019)
President, Supply and Trading (Jun 2013 - Feb 2019)
Supply and Trading Activities; Shipping; Pipeline; Power and Energy Management
Pierre R. Breber
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (since Apr 2019)
Executive Vice President, Downstream (Jan 2016 - Mar 2019)
Executive Vice President, Gas and Midstream (Apr 2015 - Dec 2015)
Vice President, Gas and Midstream (Jan 2014 - Mar 2015)
Finance
R. Hewitt Pate
Vice President and General Counsel (since Aug 2009)
Law, Governance and Compliance
Rhonda J. Morris
Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer (since Feb 2019)
Vice President, Human Resources (Oct 2016 - Jan 2019)
Vice President, Downstream Human Resources (Sep 2012 - Sep
2016)
Human Resources; Diversity and Inclusion
The information about directors required by Item 401(a), (d), (e) and (f) of Regulation S-K and contained under the heading “Election of Directors” in the Notice of the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and 2020 Proxy Statement, to be filed pursuant to Rule 14a-6(b) under the Exchange Act in connection with the company’s 2020 Annual Meeting (the 2020 Proxy Statement), is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The information required by Item 406 of Regulation S-K and contained under the heading “Corporate Governance - Business Conduct and Ethics Code” in the 2020 Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The information required by Item 407(d)(4) and (5) of Regulation S-K and contained under the heading “Corporate Governance - Board Committees” in the 2020 Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by Item 402 of Regulation S-K and contained under the headings “Executive Compensation,” “CEO Pay Ratio” and “Director Compensation” in the 2020 Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The information required by Item 407(e)(4) of Regulation S-K and contained under the heading “Corporate Governance - Board Committees” in the 2020 Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The information required by Item 407(e)(5) of Regulation S-K and contained under the heading “Corporate Governance - Management Compensation Committee Report” in the 2020 Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC under the Exchange Act, the information under such caption incorporated by reference from the 2020 Proxy Statement shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material,” or to be “filed” with the Commission, or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C or the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by Item 403 of Regulation S-K and contained under the heading “Stock Ownership Information - Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the 2020 Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K and contained under the heading “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the 2020 Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by Item 404 of Regulation S-K and contained under the heading “Corporate Governance - Related Person Transactions” in the 2020 Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The information required by Item 407(a) of Regulation S-K and contained under the heading “Corporate Governance - Director Independence” in the 2020 Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required by Item 9(e) of Schedule 14A and contained under the heading “Board Proposal to Ratify PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for 2020” in the 2020 Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Financial Table of Contents
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Key Financial Results
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation
$
2,924
$
14,824
$
9,195
Per Share Amounts:
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation
- Basic
$
1.55
$
7.81
$
4.88
- Diluted
$
1.54
$
7.74
$
4.85
Dividends
$
4.76
$
4.48
$
4.32
Sales and Other Operating Revenues
$
139,865
$
158,902
$
134,674
Return on:
Capital Employed
2.0
%
8.2
%
5.0
%
Stockholders’ Equity
2.0
%
9.8
%
6.3
%
Earnings by Major Operating Area
Millions of dollars
Upstream
United States
$
(5,094
)
$
3,278
$
3,640
International
7,670
10,038
4,510
Total Upstream
2,576
13,316
8,150
Downstream
United States
1,559
2,103
2,938
International
1,695
2,276
Total Downstream
2,481
3,798
5,214
All Other
(2,133
)
(2,290
)
(4,169
)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation1,2
$
2,924
$
14,824
$
9,195
1 Includes foreign currency effects:
$
(304
)
$
$
(446
)
2 Income net of tax, also referred to as “earnings” in the discussions that follow.
Refer to the “Results of Operations” section beginning on page 32 for a discussion of financial results by major operating area for the three years ended December 31, 2019.
Business Environment and Outlook
Chevron is a global energy company with substantial business activities in the following countries: Angola, Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Myanmar, Mexico, Nigeria, the Partitioned Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, the Philippines, Republic of Congo, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Venezuela.
Earnings of the company depend mostly on the profitability of its upstream business segment. The most significant factor affecting the results of operations for the upstream segment is the price of crude oil, which is determined in global markets outside of the company’s control. In the company’s downstream business, crude oil is the largest cost component of refined products. It is the company’s objective to deliver competitive results and stockholder value in any business environment. Periods of sustained lower prices could result in the impairment or write-off of specific assets in future periods and cause the company to adjust operating expenses and capital and exploratory expenditures, along with other measures intended to improve financial performance. Similarly, impairments or write-offs may occur as a result of managerial decisions not to progress certain projects in the company's portfolio.
The effective tax rate for the company can change substantially during periods of significant earnings volatility. This is due to the mix effects that are impacted both by the absolute level of earnings or losses and whether they arise in higher or lower tax rate jurisdictions. As a result, a decline or increase in the effective income tax rate in one period may not be indicative of expected results in future periods. Note 15 provides the company’s effective income tax rate for the last three years.
Refer to the “Cautionary Statements Relevant to Forward-Looking Information” on page 2 and to “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, on pages 18 through 21 for a discussion of some of the inherent risks that could materially impact the company’s results of operations or financial condition.
The company continually evaluates opportunities to dispose of assets that are not expected to provide sufficient long-term value or to acquire assets or operations complementary to its asset base to help augment the company’s financial performance and value growth. Asset dispositions and restructurings may result in significant gains or losses in future periods. The company’s
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
asset sale program for 2018 through 2020 is targeting before-tax proceeds of $5-10 billion. Proceeds related to asset sales were $2.0 billion in 2018 and $2.8 billion in 2019.
The company closely monitors developments in the financial and credit markets, the level of worldwide economic activity, and the implications for the company of movements in prices for crude oil and natural gas. Management takes these developments into account in the conduct of daily operations and for business planning.
Comments related to earnings trends for the company’s major business areas are as follows:
Upstream Earnings for the upstream segment are closely aligned with industry prices for crude oil and natural gas. Crude oil and natural gas prices are subject to external factors over which the company has no control, including product demand connected with global economic conditions, industry production and inventory levels, technology advancements, production quotas or other actions imposed by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) or other producers, actions of regulators, weather-related damage and disruptions, competing fuel prices, and regional supply interruptions or fears thereof that may be caused by military conflicts, civil unrest or political uncertainty. Any of these factors could also inhibit the company’s production capacity in an affected region. The company closely monitors developments in the countries in which it operates and holds investments, and seeks to manage risks in operating its facilities and businesses. The longer-term trend in earnings for the upstream segment is also a function of other factors, including the company’s ability to find or acquire and efficiently produce crude oil and natural gas, changes in fiscal terms of contracts, and changes in tax and other applicable laws and regulations.
The company continues to actively manage its schedule of work, contracting, procurement, and supply-chain activities to effectively manage costs and support operational goals. Price levels for capital, exploratory costs, and operating expenses associated with the production of crude oil and natural gas can be subject to external factors beyond the company’s control including, but not limited to: the general level of inflation, tariffs or other taxes imposed on goods or services, and commoditized prices charged by the industry’s material and service providers. The spot markets for many services and materials fell as overall industry drilling activity in North America declined in 2019, particularly onshore. However, as industry activity contracts, financial pressure on suppliers has increased, which may limit further de-escalation and/or lead to consolidation across the supplier community impacting costs. The international and offshore rig markets are also showing some signs of weaknesses as activity has pulled back; however, pricing for some products and services remains resilient as many suppliers have reset expectations of higher industry spend and instead are looking to higher pricing and margins on a more limited scope of work. Chevron utilizes contracts with various pricing mechanisms, so there may be a delay in when the company’s costs reflect the changes in market trends.
Capital and exploratory expenditures and operating expenses could also be affected by damage to production facilities caused by severe weather or civil unrest, delays in construction, or other factors.
The chart above shows the trend in benchmark prices for Brent crude oil, West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil and U.S. Henry Hub natural gas. The majority of the company’s equity crude production is priced based on the Brent benchmark. The Brent price averaged $64 per barrel for the full-year 2019, compared to $71 in 2018. Brent prices increased through the first half of 2019 due to OPEC production cuts and U.S. sanctions on Iran and Venezuela. Prices then started to decline due to heightened concerns about a slowing macro economy and weakening oil demand growth amid trade tensions between the
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
U.S. and China. OPEC announced additional production cuts in December 2019, leading to a price increase with Brent prices at $67 at the end of the year. As of mid-February 2020, the Brent price was $57 per barrel, having declined more than 10 percent since December 2019, primarily due to concerns about demand erosion following the coronavirus outbreak.
The WTI price averaged $57 per barrel for the full-year 2019, compared to $65 in 2018. WTI traded at a discount to Brent throughout 2019. Differentials to Brent have ranged between $4 to $10 in 2019, primarily due to pipeline infrastructure constraints which have restricted flows of inland crude to export outlets on the Gulf Coast. Variability in other factors impacting supply and demand of each benchmark crude also affect price differential. As of mid-February 2020, the WTI price was $52 per barrel.
Chevron has interests in the production of heavy crude oil in California, Indonesia, the Partitioned Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, Venezuela and in certain fields in Angola and China. (See page 37 for the company’s average U.S. and international crude oil sales prices.)
In contrast to price movements in the global market for crude oil, price changes for natural gas are more closely aligned with seasonal supply-and-demand and infrastructure conditions in local markets. In the United States, prices at Henry Hub averaged $2.53 per thousand cubic feet (MCF) during 2019, compared with $3.12 during 2018. As of mid-February 2020, the Henry Hub spot price was $1.84 per MCF. Increased production in the Permian Basin has resulted in insufficient gas pipeline and fractionation capacity in the near-term, and over-supply conditions, leading to depressed natural gas and natural gas liquids prices in West Texas. A sizable portion of Chevron’s U.S. natural gas production comes from the Permian Basin, resulting in natural gas realizations that are significantly lower than the Henry Hub price.
Outside the United States, price changes for natural gas depend on a wide range of supply, demand and regulatory circumstances. Chevron sells natural gas into the domestic pipeline market in many locations. In some locations, Chevron has invested in long-term projects to produce and liquefy natural gas for transport by tanker to other markets. The company’s long-term contract prices for liquefied natural gas (LNG) are typically linked to crude oil prices. Most of the equity LNG offtake from the operated Australian LNG projects is committed under binding long-term contracts, with the remainder to be sold in the Asian spot LNG market. The Asian spot market reflects the supply and demand for LNG in the Pacific Basin and is not directly linked to crude oil prices. International natural gas realizations averaged $5.83 per MCF during 2019, compared with $6.29 per MCF during 2018. (See page 37 for the company’s average natural gas realizations for the U.S. and international regions.)
The company’s worldwide net oil-equivalent production in 2019 averaged 3.058 million barrels per day. About 15 percent of the company’s net oil-equivalent production in 2019 occurred in the OPEC-member countries of Angola, Nigeria, Republic of Congo and Venezuela. OPEC quotas had no material effect on the company’s net crude oil production in 2019 or 2018.
The company estimates that net oil-equivalent production in 2020 will grow up to 3 percent compared to 2019, assuming a Brent crude oil price of $60 per barrel and excluding the impact of anticipated 2020 asset sales. This estimate is subject to many factors and uncertainties, including quotas or other actions that may be imposed by OPEC; tariffs and trade sanctions; price effects on entitlement volumes; changes in fiscal terms or restrictions on the scope of company operations; delays in construction; reservoir performance; greater-than-expected declines in production from mature fields; start-up or ramp-up of projects; fluctuations in demand for natural gas in various markets; weather conditions that may shut in production; civil unrest; changing geopolitics; delays in completion of maintenance turnarounds; or other disruptions to operations. The outlook for future production levels is also affected by the size and number of economic investment opportunities and the time lag between initial exploration and the beginning of production. The company has increased its investment emphasis on short-cycle projects.
In the Partitioned Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, production was shut-in beginning in May 2015 as a result of difficulties in securing work and equipment permits. Net oil-equivalent production in the Partitioned Zone in 2014 was 81,000 barrels per day. During 2015, net oil-equivalent production averaged 28,000 barrels per day. In December 2019, the governments of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait signed a memorandum of understanding to resolve the dispute and allow production to restart in the Partitioned Zone. In mid-February 2020, pre-startup activities commenced. The financial effects from the loss of production in 2019 were not significant and are not expected to be significant in 2020.
Chevron has interests in Venezuelan crude oil production assets operated by independent equity affiliates. While the operating environment in Venezuela has been deteriorating for some time, the equity affiliates have continued to operate consistent with the authorization provided pursuant to general licenses issued by the United States government. It remains uncertain when the environment in Venezuela will stabilize, but the company remains committed to its personnel and operations in
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Venezuela. Refer to Note 22 on page 88 under the heading “Other Contingencies” for more information on the company’s activities in Venezuela.
Net proved reserves for consolidated companies and affiliated companies totaled 11.4 billion barrels of oil-equivalent at year-end 2019, a decrease of 5 percent from year-end 2018. The reserve replacement ratio in 2019 was 44 percent. The 5 and 10 year reserve replacement ratios were 106 percent and 101 percent, respectively. Refer to Table V beginning on page 96 for a tabulation of the company’s proved net oil and gas reserves by geographic area, at the beginning of 2017 and each year-end from 2017 through 2019, and an accompanying discussion of major changes to proved reserves by geographic area for the three-year period ending December 31, 2019.
Refer to the “Results of Operations” section on pages 32 through 34 for additional discussion of the company’s upstream business.
Downstream Earnings for the downstream segment are closely tied to margins on the refining, manufacturing and marketing of products that include gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, fuel oil, fuel and lubricant additives, and petrochemicals. Industry margins are sometimes volatile and can be affected by the global and regional supply-and-demand balance for refined products and petrochemicals, and by changes in the price of crude oil, other refinery and petrochemical feedstocks, and natural gas. Industry margins can also be influenced by inventory levels, geopolitical events, costs of materials and services, refinery or chemical plant capacity utilization, maintenance programs, and disruptions at refineries or chemical plants resulting from unplanned outages due to severe weather, fires or other operational events.
Other factors affecting profitability for downstream operations include the reliability and efficiency of the company’s refining, marketing and petrochemical assets, the effectiveness of its crude oil and product supply functions, and the volatility of tanker-charter rates for the company’s shipping operations, which are driven by the industry’s demand for crude oil and product tankers. Other factors beyond the company’s control include the general level of inflation and energy costs to operate the company’s refining, marketing and petrochemical assets and changes in tax laws and regulations.
The company’s most significant marketing areas are the West Coast and Gulf Coast of the United States and Asia. Chevron operates or has significant ownership interests in refineries in each of these areas.
Refer to the “Results of Operations” section on pages 32 through 34 for additional discussion of the company’s downstream operations.
All Other consists of worldwide cash management and debt financing activities, corporate administrative functions, insurance operations, real estate activities and technology companies.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Operating Developments
Key operating developments and other events during 2019 and early 2020 included the following:
Upstream
Azerbaijan Signed an agreement to sell the company’s interest in the Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli fields and Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline.
Brazil Completed the sale of an interest in the Frade field.
Denmark Completed the sale of Denmark upstream interests.
Philippines Signed an agreement to sell the company’s interest in the Malampaya field in late October.
United Kingdom Completed the sale of interest in the Rosebank field.
United Kingdom Completed the sale of Central North Sea assets.
United States Announced the sanction of a waterflood project in the St. Malo field in the Gulf of Mexico.
United States Announced final investment decision for the Anchor field in the Gulf of Mexico.
Downstream
United States Completed the acquisition of a refinery in Pasadena, Texas.
Australia Signed an agreement to acquire a network of terminals and service stations.
CPChem Announced agreements to jointly develop petrochemical complexes in Qatar and the U.S. Gulf Coast.
Other
Common Stock Dividends The 2019 annual dividend was $4.76 per share, making 2019 the 32nd consecutive year that the company increased its annual per share dividend payout. In January 2020, the company’s Board of Directors approved a $0.10 per share increase in the quarterly dividend to $1.29 per share, payable in March 2020, representing an increase of 8.4 percent.
Common Stock Repurchase Program The company purchased $4 billion of its common stock in 2019 under its stock repurchase programs. The company currently expects to repurchase $5 billion of its common stock in 2020.
Results of Operations
The following section presents the results of operations and variances on an after-tax basis for the company’s business segments - Upstream and Downstream - as well as for “All Other.” Earnings are also presented for the U.S. and international geographic areas of the Upstream and Downstream business segments. Refer to Note 12, beginning on page 68, for a discussion of the company’s “reportable segments.” This section should also be read in conjunction with the discussion in “Business Environment and Outlook” on pages 28 through 32. Refer to the “Selected Operating Data” table on page 37 for a three-year comparison of production volumes, refined product sales volumes, and refinery inputs. A discussion of variances between 2018 and 2017 can be found in the “Results of Operations” section on pages 32 through 34 of the company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2019.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
U.S. Upstream
Millions of dollars
Earnings
$
(5,094
)
$
3,278
$
3,640
U.S. upstream recorded a loss of $5.09 billion in 2019, compared with earnings of $3.28 billion in 2018. The decrease in earnings was largely due to $8.17 billion in 2019 impairment charges primarily associated with Appalachia shale and Big Foot, partially offset by the absence of 2018 write-offs and impairments of $660 million, largely due to the Tigris Project in the Gulf of Mexico. Also contributing to the decrease was lower crude oil and natural gas prices of $1.72 billion, higher operating expenses of $260 million and the absence of several 2018 asset sale gains totaling $220 million, partially offset by higher crude oil and natural gas production of $1.33 billion.
The company’s average realization for U.S. crude oil and natural gas liquids in 2019 was $48.54 per barrel compared with $58.17 in 2018. The average natural gas realization was $1.09 per thousand cubic feet in 2019, compared with $1.86 in 2018.
Net oil-equivalent production in 2019 averaged 929,000 barrels per day, up 17 percent from 2018. The production increase was largely due to shale and tight properties in the Permian Basin in Texas and New Mexico.
The net liquids component of oil-equivalent production for 2019 averaged 724,000 barrels per day, up 17 percent from 2018. Net natural gas production averaged 1.23 billion cubic feet per day in 2019, up 18 percent from 2018.
International Upstream
Millions of dollars
Earnings*
$
7,670
$
10,038
$
4,510
*Includes foreign currency effects:
$
(323
)
$
$
(456
)
International upstream earnings were $7.67 billion in 2019, compared with $10.04 billion in 2018. Lower crude oil and natural gas realizations of $1.4 billion and $830 million, respectively, were partially offset by lower depreciation and tax expenses of $560 million and $280 million, respectively. There were also a number of special items that largely offset each other in 2019 and 2018. Included in 2019 earnings were items totaling $800 million for write-offs and impairment charges of $2.2 billion associated with Kitimat LNG and other gas projects partially offset by a gain of $1.2 billion on the sale of the U.K. Central North Sea assets and a benefit of $180 million related to a reduction in the corporate income tax rate in Alberta, Canada. Offsetting these items were the absence of 2018 special items of $920 million associated with impairments, write-offs, a receivable write-down and a contractual settlement. Foreign currency effects had an unfavorable impact on earnings of $868 million between periods.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The company’s average realization for international crude oil and natural gas liquids in 2019 was $58.14 per barrel compared with $64.25 in 2018. The average natural gas realization was $5.83 per thousand cubic feet in 2019 compared with $6.29 in 2018.
International net oil-equivalent production was 2.13 million barrels per day in 2019, essentially unchanged from 2018. Production increases from Wheatstone and major capital projects were offset by normal field declines and the impact of asset sales in 2019.
The net liquids component of international oil-equivalent production was 1.14 million barrels per day in 2019, down 2 percent from 2018. International net natural gas production of 5.93 billion cubic feet per day in 2019 increased 1 percent from 2018.
U.S. Downstream
Millions of dollars
Earnings
$
1,559
$
2,103
$
2,938
U.S. downstream earned $1.56 billion in 2019, compared with $2.10 billion in 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower margins on refined product sales of $300 million, lower equity earnings from the 50 percent-owned CPChem of $140 million and higher depreciation expense of $100 million following first production at the new hydrogen plant at the Richmond refinery.
Total refined product sales of 1.25 million barrels per day in 2019 were up 3 percent from 2018.
International Downstream
Millions of dollars
Earnings*
$
$
1,695
$
2,276
*Includes foreign currency effects:
$
$
$
(90
)
International downstream earned $922 million in 2019, compared with $1.70 billion in 2018. The decrease in earnings was due to lower margins on refined product sales of $570 million, lower gains on asset sales of $300 million, primarily due to the absence of the 2018 gains from the southern Africa asset sale, partially offset by favorable tax items of $100 million. Foreign currency effects had an unfavorable impact on earnings of $54 million between periods.
Total refined product sales of 1.33 million barrels per day in 2019 were down 8 percent from 2018, primarily due to the sale of the southern Africa refining and marketing business in third quarter 2018.
All Other
Millions of dollars
Net charges*
$
(2,133
)
$
(2,290
)
$
(4,169
)
*Includes foreign currency effects:
$
$
(5
)
$
All Other consists of worldwide cash management and debt financing activities, corporate administrative functions, insurance operations, real estate activities, and technology companies.
Net charges in 2019 decreased $157 million from 2018. The change between periods was mainly due to receipt of the Anadarko merger termination fee, partially offset by higher tax items. Foreign currency effects decreased net charges by $7 million between periods.
Consolidated Statement of Income
Comparative amounts for certain income statement categories are shown below. A discussion of variances between 2018 and 2017 can be found in the “Consolidated Statement of Income” section on pages 34 through 36 of the company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Millions of dollars
Sales and other operating revenues
$
139,865
$
158,902
$
134,674
Sales and other operating revenues decreased in 2019 mainly due to lower refined product, crude oil and natural gas prices, and lower crude oil and refined product volumes.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Millions of dollars
Income from equity affiliates
$
3,968
$
6,327
$
4,438
Income from equity affiliates decreased in 2019 mainly due to lower upstream-related earnings from Tengizchevroil in Kazakhstan, Petroboscan and Petropiar in Venezuela, and lower downstream-related earnings from GS Caltex in South Korea. In addition, two upstream affiliates were written-down in 2019.
Refer to Note 13, beginning on page 71, for a discussion of Chevron’s investments in affiliated companies.
Millions of dollars
Other income
$
2,683
$
1,110
$
2,610
Other income increased in 2019 mainly due to the receipt of the Anadarko merger termination fee and higher gains from asset sales, partially offset by unfavorable swings in foreign currency effects.
Millions of dollars
Purchased crude oil and products
$
80,113
$
94,578
$
75,765
Crude oil and product purchases decreased $14.5 billion in 2019, primarily due to lower crude oil volumes and prices, and lower product prices and volumes.
Millions of dollars
Operating, selling, general and administrative expenses
$
25,528
$
24,382
$
23,237
Operating, selling, general and administrative expenses increased $1.1 billion in 2019. The increase is mainly due to higher services and fees, materials and supplies expense and higher transportation expense, partially offset by the absence of a 2018 receivable write-down and contractual settlement.
Millions of dollars
Exploration expense
$
$
1,210
$
Exploration expenses in 2019 decreased primarily due to lower charges for well write-offs, partially offset by higher geological and geophysical expenses.
Millions of dollars
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
$
29,218
$
19,419
$
19,349
Depreciation, depletion and amortization expenses increased in 2019 mainly due to higher impairments, production and well write-offs, partially offset by lower rates.
Millions of dollars
Taxes other than on income
$
4,136
$
4,867
$
12,331
Taxes other than on income decreased in 2019 mainly due to lower local and municipal taxes and licenses as a result of the company’s divestment of its downstream interest in southern Africa in third quarter 2018, partially offset by higher U.S. state carbon emissions regulatory expenses.
Millions of dollars
Interest and debt expense
$
$
$
Interest and debt expenses increased in 2019 mainly due to lower capitalized interest, partially offset by lower interest expense resulting from lower debt balances.
Millions of dollars
Income tax expense (benefit)
$
2,691
$
5,715
$
(48
)
The decrease in income tax expense in 2019 of $3.02 billion is due to the decrease in total income before tax for the company of $15.04 billion. The decrease in income before taxes for the company is primarily the result of the upstream impairment and project write-off charges along with lower commodity prices, partially offset by higher gains on asset sales.
U.S. income before tax decreased from a profit of $4.73 billion in 2018 to a loss of $5.48 billion in 2019. This decrease in earnings before tax was primarily driven by the effect of upstream impairments and lower crude oil and natural gas prices,
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
partially offset by the Anadarko merger termination fee and higher production. The U.S. tax decreased from a tax charge of $724 million in 2018 to a tax benefit of $1.17 billion in 2019 primarily due to the before-tax loss.
International income before tax decreased from $15.84 billion in 2018 to $11.02 billion in 2019. This decrease was primarily driven by the effects of upstream project write-off and impairment charges and lower crude oil and natural gas prices, partially offset by gains on asset sales. The lower before-tax income primarily drove the $1.13 billion decrease in international income tax expense, from $4.99 billion in 2018 to $3.86 billion in 2019.
Refer also to the discussion of the effective income tax rate in Note 15 beginning on page 74.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Selected Operating Data1,2
U.S. Upstream
Net Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Production (MBPD)
Net Natural Gas Production (MMCFPD)3
1,225
1,034
Net Oil-Equivalent Production (MBOEPD)
Sales of Natural Gas (MMCFPD)
4,016
3,481
3,331
Sales of Natural Gas Liquids (MBPD)
Revenues from Net Production
Liquids ($/Bbl)
$
48.54
$
58.17
$
44.53
Natural Gas ($/MCF)
$
1.09
$
1.86
$
2.10
International Upstream
Net Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids Production (MBPD)4
1,141
1,164
1,204
Net Natural Gas Production (MMCFPD)3
5,932
5,855
5,062
Net Oil-Equivalent Production (MBOEPD)4
2,129
2,139
2,047
Sales of Natural Gas (MMCFPD)
5,869
5,604
5,081
Sales of Natural Gas Liquids (MBPD)
Revenues from Liftings
Liquids ($/Bbl)
$
58.14
$
64.25
$
49.46
Natural Gas ($/MCF)
$
5.83
$
6.29
$
4.62
Worldwide Upstream
Net Oil-Equivalent Production (MBOEPD)4
United States
International
2,129
2,139
2,047
Total
3,058
2,930
2,728
U.S. Downstream
Gasoline Sales (MBPD)5
Other Refined Product Sales (MBPD)
Total Refined Product Sales (MBPD)
1,250
1,218
1,197
Sales of Natural Gas Liquids (MBPD)
Refinery Input (MBPD)6
International Downstream
Gasoline Sales (MBPD)5
Other Refined Product Sales (MBPD)
1,038
1,101
1,128
Total Refined Product Sales (MBPD)7
1,327
1,437
1,493
Sales of Natural Gas Liquids (MBPD)
Refinery Input (MBPD)8
1 Includes company share of equity affiliates.
2 MBPD - thousands of barrels per day; MMCFPD - millions of cubic feet per day; MBOEPD - thousands of barrels of oil-equivalents per day; Bbl - barrel; MCF - thousands of cubic feet. Oil-equivalent gas (OEG) conversion ratio is 6,000 cubic feet of natural gas = 1 barrel of crude oil.
3 Includes natural gas consumed in operations (MMCFPD):
United States
International
4 Includes net production of synthetic oil:
Canada
Venezuela affiliate
5 Includes branded and unbranded gasoline.
6 In May 2019, the company acquired the Pasadena Refinery in Pasadena, Texas, which has an operable capacity of 110,000 barrels per day.
7 Includes sales of affiliates (MBPD):
8 In September 2018, the company sold its interest in the Cape Town Refinery in Cape Town, South Africa, which had an operable capacity of 110,000 barrels per day.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources and uses of cash
The strength of the company’s balance sheet enabled it to fund any timing differences throughout the year between cash inflows and outflows.
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Marketable Securities and Time Deposits Total balances were $5.7 billion and $10.3 billion at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Cash provided by operating activities in 2019 was $27.3 billion, compared to $30.6 billion in 2018, primarily due to lower crude oil prices. Cash provided by operating activities was net of contributions to employee pension plans of approximately $1.4 billion in 2019 and $1.0 billion in 2018. Cash provided by investing activities included proceeds and deposits related to asset sales of $2.8 billion in 2019 and $2.0 billion in 2018.
Restricted cash of $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, was held in cash and short-term marketable securities and recorded as “Deferred charges and other assets” and “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. These amounts are generally associated with upstream decommissioning activities, tax payments, funds held in escrow for tax-deferred exchanges and refundable deposits related to pending asset sales.
Dividends Dividends paid to common stockholders were $9.0 billion in 2019 and $8.5 billion in 2018.
Debt and Finance Lease Liabilities Total debt and finance lease liabilities were $27.0 billion at December 31, 2019, down from $34.5 billion at year-end 2018.
The $7.5 billion decrease in total debt and finance lease liabilities during 2019 was primarily due to the repayment of long-term notes totaling $5.0 billion as they matured during 2019, and a reduction in commercial paper. The company’s debt and finance lease liabilities due within one year, consisting primarily of commercial paper, redeemable long-term obligations and the current portion of long-term debt, totaled $13.0 billion at December 31, 2019, compared with $15.6 billion at year-end 2018. Of these amounts, $9.75 billion and $9.9 billion were reclassified to long-term debt at the end of 2019 and 2018, respectively.
At year-end 2019, settlement of these obligations was not expected to require the use of working capital in 2020, as the company had the intent and the ability, as evidenced by committed credit facilities, to refinance them on a long-term basis.
Chevron has an automatic shelf registration statement that expires in May 2021 for an unspecified amount of nonconvertible debt securities issued or guaranteed by the company.
The major debt rating agencies routinely evaluate the company’s debt, and the company’s cost of borrowing can increase or decrease depending on these debt ratings. The company has outstanding public bonds issued by Chevron Corporation and Texaco Capital Inc. All of these securities are the obligations of, or guaranteed by, Chevron Corporation and are rated AA by
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Standard and Poor’s Corporation and Aa2 by Moody’s Investors Service. The company’s U.S. commercial paper is rated A-1+ by Standard and Poor’s and P-1 by Moody’s. All of these ratings denote high-quality, investment-grade securities.
The company’s future debt level is dependent primarily on results of operations, cash that may be generated from asset dispositions, the capital program and shareholder distributions. Based on its high-quality debt ratings, the company believes that it has substantial borrowing capacity to meet unanticipated cash requirements. During extended periods of low prices for crude oil and natural gas and narrow margins for refined products and commodity chemicals, the company can also modify capital spending plans and discontinue or curtail the stock repurchase program to provide flexibility to continue paying the common stock dividend and also remain committed to retaining the company’s high-quality debt ratings.
Committed Credit Facilities Information related to committed credit facilities is included in Note 17, Short-Term Debt, on page 78.
Common Stock Repurchase Program In January 2019, the company purchased shares for $0.3 billion under the July 2010 stock repurchase program. On February 1, 2019, the company announced that the Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program with a maximum dollar limit of $25 billion and no set term limits. As of December 31, 2019, the company had purchased a total of 31.1 million shares for $3.7 billion, resulting in $21.3 billion remaining under the program authorized in February 2019. The company currently expects to repurchase $5 billion of its common stock in 2020. Repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market, by block purchases, in privately negotiated transactions or in such other manner as determined by the company. The timing of the repurchases and the actual amount repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including the market price of the company’s shares, general market and economic conditions, and other factors. The stock repurchase program does not obligate the company to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and it may be suspended or discontinued at any time.
Capital and Exploratory Expenditures
Capital and exploratory expenditures by business segment for 2019, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
Millions of dollars
U.S.
Int’l.
Total
U.S.
Int’l.
Total
U.S.
Int’l.
Total
Upstream
$
8,197
$
9,627
$
17,824
$
7,128
$
10,529
$
17,657
$
5,145
$
11,243
$
16,388
Downstream
1,868
2,788
1,582
2,193
1,656
2,190
All Other
Total
$
10,430
$
10,564
$
20,994
$
8,953
$
11,153
$
20,106
$
7,040
$
11,781
$
18,821
Total, Excluding Equity in Affiliates
$
10,062
$
4,820
$
14,882
$
8,651
$
5,739
$
14,390
$
6,295
$
7,783
$
14,078
Total expenditures for 2019 were $21.0 billion, including $6.1 billion for the company’s share of equity-affiliate expenditures, which did not require cash outlays by the company. In 2018, expenditures were $20.1 billion, including the company’s share of affiliates’ expenditures of $5.7 billion.
Of the $21.0 billion of expenditures in 2019, 85 percent, or $17.8 billion, related to upstream activities. Approximately 88 percent was expended for upstream operations in 2018. International upstream accounted for 54 percent of the worldwide upstream investment in 2019 and 60 percent in 2018.
The company estimates that 2020 organic capital and exploratory expenditures will be $20 billion, including $6.2 billion of spending by affiliates. This is in line with 2019 expenditures, and reflects a robust portfolio of upstream and downstream investments, highlighted by the company’s Permian Basin position, and additional shale and tight development in other basins. Approximately 84 percent of the total, or $16.8 billion, is budgeted for exploration and production activities. Approximately $11 billion of planned upstream capital spending relates to base producing assets, including $4 billion for the Permian and $1 billion for other shale and tight rock investments. Approximately $5 billion of the upstream program is planned for major capital projects underway, including $4 billion associated with the Future Growth and Wellhead Pressure Management Project at the Tengiz field in Kazakhstan. Global exploration funding is expected to be about $1 billion. Remaining upstream spend is budgeted for early stage projects supporting potential future developments. The company monitors crude oil market conditions and is able to adjust future capital outlays should oil price conditions deteriorate.
Worldwide downstream spending in 2020 is estimated to be $2.8 billion, with $1.6 billion estimated for projects in the United States.
Investments in technology businesses and other corporate operations in 2020 are budgeted at $0.4 billion.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Noncontrolling Interests The company had noncontrolling interests of $1.0 billion at December 31, 2019 and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2018. Distributions to noncontrolling interests totaled $18 million and $91 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Pension Obligations Information related to pension plan contributions is included beginning on page 82 in Note 21, Employee Benefit Plans, under the heading “Cash Contributions and Benefit Payments.”
Financial Ratios and Metrics
The following represent several metrics the company believes are useful measures to monitor the financial health of the company and its performance over time:
Current Ratio Current assets divided by current liabilities, which indicates the company’s ability to repay its short-term liabilities with short-term assets. The current ratio in all periods was adversely affected by the fact that Chevron’s inventories are valued on a last-in, first-out basis. At year-end 2019, the book value of inventory was lower than replacement costs, based on average acquisition costs during the year, by approximately $4.5 billion.
At December 31
Millions of dollars
Current assets
$
28,329
$
34,021
$
28,560
Current liabilities
26,530
27,171
27,737
Current Ratio
1.1
1.3
1.0
Interest Coverage Ratio Income before income tax expense, plus interest and debt expense and amortization of capitalized interest, less net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, divided by before-tax interest costs. This ratio indicates the company’s ability to pay interest on outstanding debt. The company’s interest coverage ratio in 2019 was lower than 2018 due to lower income.
Year ended December 31
Millions of dollars
Income (Loss) Before Income Tax Expense
$
5,536
$
20,575
$
9,221
Plus: Interest and debt expense
Plus: Before-tax amortization of capitalized interest
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
(79
)
Subtotal for calculation
6,653
21,567
9,651
Total financing interest and debt costs
$
$
$
Interest Coverage Ratio
8.1
23.4
10.7
Free Cash Flow The cash provided by operating activities less cash capital expenditures, which represents the cash available to creditors and investors after investing in the business.
Year ended December 31
Millions of dollars
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
27,314
$
30,618
$
20,338
Less: Capital expenditures
14,116
13,792
13,404
Free Cash Flow
$
13,198
$
16,826
$
6,934
Debt Ratio Total debt as a percentage of total debt plus Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity, which indicates the company’s leverage. The company’s debt ratio was 15.8 percent at year-end 2019, compared with 18.2 percent at year-end 2018.
At December 31
Millions of dollars
Short-term debt
$
3,282
$
5,726
$
5,192
Long-term debt
23,691
28,733
33,571
Total debt
26,973
34,459
38,763
Total Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity
144,213
154,554
148,124
Total debt plus total Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity
$
171,186
$
189,013
$
186,887
Debt Ratio
15.8
%
18.2
%
20.7
%
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Net Debt Ratio Total debt less cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, and marketable securities as a percentage of total debt less cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, and marketable securities, plus Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity, which indicates the company’s leverage, net of its cash balances.
At December 31
Millions of dollars
Short-term debt
$
3,282
$
5,726
$
5,192
Long-term debt
23,691
28,733
33,571
Total Debt
26,973
34,459
38,763
Less: Cash and cash equivalents
5,686
9,342
4,813
Less: Time deposits
-
-
Less: Marketable securities
Total adjusted debt
21,224
24,114
33,941
Total Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity
144,213
154,554
148,124
Total adjusted debt plus total Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity
$
165,437
$
178,668
$
182,065
Net Debt Ratio
12.8
%
13.5
%
18.6
%
Capital Employed The sum of Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity, total debt and noncontrolling interests, which represents the net investment in the business.
At December 31
Millions of dollars
Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity
$
144,213
$
154,554
$
148,124
Plus: Short-term debt
3,282
5,726
5,192
Plus: Long-term debt
23,691
28,733
33,571
Plus: Noncontrolling interest
1,088
1,195
Capital Employed at December 31
$
172,181
$
190,101
$
188,082
Return on Average Capital Employed (ROCE) Net income attributable to Chevron (adjusted for after-tax interest expense and noncontrolling interest) divided by average capital employed. Average capital employed is computed by averaging the sum of capital employed at the beginning and end of the year. ROCE is a ratio intended to measure annual earnings as a percentage of historical investments in the business.
Year ended December 31
Millions of dollars
Net income attributable to Chevron
$
2,924
$
14,824
$
9,195
Plus: After-tax interest and debt expense
Plus: Noncontrolling interest
(79
)
Net income after adjustments
3,606
15,573
9,533
Average capital employed
$
181,141
$
189,092
$
190,465
Return on Average Capital Employed
2.0
%
8.2
%
5.0
%
Return on Stockholders’ Equity (ROSE) Net income attributable to Chevron divided by average Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity. Average stockholder’s equity is computed by averaging the sum of stockholder’s equity at the beginning and end of the year. ROSE is a ratio intended to measure earnings as a percentage of shareholder investments.
Year ended December 31
Millions of dollars
Net income attributable to Chevron
$
2,924
$
14,824
$
9,195
Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity at December 31
144,213
154,554
148,124
Average Chevron Corporation Stockholders’ Equity
149,384
151,339
146,840
Return on Average Stockholders’ Equity
2.0
%
9.8
%
6.3
%
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements, Contractual Obligations, Guarantees and Other Contingencies
Long-Term Unconditional Purchase Obligations and Commitments, Including Throughput and Take-or-Pay Agreements Information related to these matters is included on page 87 in Note 22, Other Contingencies and Commitments.
The following table summarizes the company’s significant contractual obligations:
Payments Due by Period
Millions of dollars
Total1
2021-2022
2023-2024
After 2024
On Balance Sheet:2
Short-Term Debt3, 4
$
3,264
$
3,264
$
-
$
-
$
-
Long-Term Debt3, 4
23,426
-
16,072
4,003
3,351
Leases
4,662
1,409
1,693
Interest4
3,040
1,018
Off Balance Sheet:
Throughput and Take-or-Pay Agreements5
11,422
1,720
1,956
6,892
Other Unconditional Purchase Obligations5
1,257
Excludes contributions for pensions and other postretirement benefit plans. Information on employee benefit plans is contained in Note 21 beginning on page 82.
Does not include amounts related to the company’s income tax liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions. The company is unable to make reasonable estimates of the periods in which such liabilities may become payable. The company does not expect settlement of such liabilities to have a material effect on its consolidated financial position or liquidity in any single period.
$9.75 billion of short-term debt that the company expects to refinance is included in long-term debt. The repayment schedule above reflects the projected repayment of the entire amounts in the 2021-2022 period. The amounts represent only the principal balance.
Excludes finance lease liabilities.
Does not include commodity purchase obligations that are not fixed or determinable. These obligations are generally monetized in a relatively short period of time through sales transactions or similar agreements with third parties. Examples include obligations to purchase LNG, regasified natural gas and refinery products at indexed prices.
Direct Guarantees
Commitment Expiration by Period
Millions of dollars
Total
2021-2022
2023-2024
After 2024
Guarantee of nonconsolidated affiliate or joint-venture obligations
$
$
$
$
$
Additional information related to guarantees is included on page 87 in Note 22, Other Contingencies and Commitments.
Indemnifications Information related to indemnifications is included on page 87 in Note 22, Other Contingencies and Commitments.
Financial and Derivative Instrument Market Risk
The market risk associated with the company’s portfolio of financial and derivative instruments is discussed below. The estimates of financial exposure to market risk do not represent the company’s projection of future market changes. The actual impact of future market changes could differ materially due to factors discussed elsewhere in this report, including those set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A.
Derivative Commodity Instruments Chevron is exposed to market risks related to the price volatility of crude oil, refined products, natural gas, natural gas liquids, liquefied natural gas and refinery feedstocks. The company uses derivative commodity instruments to manage these exposures on a portion of its activity, including firm commitments and anticipated transactions for the purchase, sale and storage of crude oil, refined products, natural gas, natural gas liquids and feedstock for company refineries. The company also uses derivative commodity instruments for limited trading purposes. The results of these activities were not material to the company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows in 2019.
The company’s market exposure positions are monitored on a daily basis by an internal Risk Control group in accordance with the company’s risk management policies. The company’s risk management practices and its compliance with policies are reviewed by the Audit Committee of the company’s Board of Directors.
Derivatives beyond those designated as normal purchase and normal sale contracts are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet with resulting gains and losses reflected in income. Fair values are derived principally from published market quotes and other independent third-party quotes. The change in fair value of Chevron’s derivative commodity instruments in 2019 was not material to the company’s results of operations.
The company uses the Monte Carlo simulation method as its Value-at-Risk (VaR) model to estimate the maximum potential loss in fair value, at the 95% confidence level with a one-day holding period, from the effect of adverse changes in market
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
conditions on derivative commodity instruments held or issued. Based on these inputs, the VaR for the company’s primary risk exposures in the area of derivative commodity instruments at December 31, 2019 and 2018 was not material to the company’s cash flows or results of operations.
Foreign Currency The company may enter into foreign currency derivative contracts to manage some of its foreign currency exposures. These exposures include revenue and anticipated purchase transactions, including foreign currency capital expenditures and lease commitments. The foreign currency derivative contracts, if any, are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet with resulting gains and losses reflected in income. There were no open foreign currency derivative contracts at December 31, 2019.
Interest Rates The company may enter into interest rate swaps from time to time as part of its overall strategy to manage the interest rate risk on its debt. Interest rate swaps, if any, are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet with resulting gains and losses reflected in income. At year-end 2019, the company had no interest rate swaps.
Transactions With Related Parties
Chevron enters into a number of business arrangements with related parties, principally its equity affiliates. These arrangements include long-term supply or offtake agreements and long-term purchase agreements. Refer to “Other Information” on page 71, in Note 13, Investments and Advances, for further discussion. Management believes these agreements have been negotiated on terms consistent with those that would have been negotiated with an unrelated party.
Litigation and Other Contingencies
MTBE Information related to methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) matters is included on page 72 in Note 14 under the heading “MTBE.”
Ecuador Information related to Ecuador matters is included in Note 14 under the heading “Ecuador,” beginning on page 72.
Environmental The following table displays the annual changes to the company’s before-tax environmental remediation reserves, including those for federal Superfund sites and analogous sites under state laws.
Millions of dollars
Balance at January 1
$
1,327
$
1,429
$
1,467
Net Additions
Expenditures
(293
)
(299
)
(361
)
Balance at December 31
$
1,234
$
1,327
$
1,429
The company records asset retirement obligations when there is a legal obligation associated with the retirement of long-lived assets and the liability can be reasonably estimated. These asset retirement obligations include costs related to environmental issues. The liability balance of approximately $12.8 billion for asset retirement obligations at year-end 2019 related primarily to upstream properties.
For the company’s other ongoing operating assets, such as refineries and chemicals facilities, no provisions are made for exit or cleanup costs that may be required when such assets reach the end of their useful lives unless a decision to sell or otherwise decommission the facility has been made, as the indeterminate settlement dates for the asset retirements prevent estimation of the fair value of the asset retirement obligation.
Refer to the discussion below for additional information on environmental matters and their impact on Chevron, and on the company’s 2019 environmental expenditures. Refer to Note 22 on page 87 for additional discussion of environmental remediation provisions and year-end reserves. Refer also to Note 23 on page 89 for additional discussion of the company’s asset retirement obligations.
Suspended Wells Information related to suspended wells is included in Note 19, Accounting for Suspended Exploratory Wells, beginning on page 79.
Income Taxes Information related to income tax contingencies is included on pages 74 through 76 in Note 15 and page 87 in Note 22 under the heading “Income Taxes.”
Other Contingencies Information related to other contingencies is included on page 88 in Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements under the heading “Other Contingencies.”
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Environmental Matters
The company is subject to various international, federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and market-based programs. These laws, regulations and programs continue to evolve and are expected to increase in both number and complexity over time and govern not only the manner in which the company conducts its operations, but also the products it sells. For example, international agreements and national, regional, and state legislation and regulatory measures that aim to limit or reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are currently in various stages of implementation. Consideration of GHG issues and the responses to those issues through international agreements and national, regional or state legislation or regulations are integrated into the company’s strategy and planning, capital investment reviews and risk management tools and processes, where applicable. They are also factored into the company’s long-range supply, demand and energy price forecasts. These forecasts reflect long-range effects from renewable fuel penetration, energy efficiency standards, climate-related policy actions, and demand response to oil and natural gas prices. In addition, legislation and regulations intended to address hydraulic fracturing also continue to evolve at the national, state and local levels. Refer to “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, on pages 18 through 21 for a discussion of some of the inherent risks of increasingly restrictive environmental and other regulation that could materially impact the company’s results of operations or financial condition.
Most of the costs of complying with existing laws and regulations pertaining to company operations and products are embedded in the normal costs of doing business. However, it is not possible to predict with certainty the amount of additional investments in new or existing technology or facilities or the amounts of increased operating costs to be incurred in the future to: prevent, control, reduce or eliminate releases of hazardous materials or other pollutants into the environment; remediate and restore areas damaged by prior releases of hazardous materials; or comply with new environmental laws or regulations. Although these costs may be significant to the results of operations in any single period, the company does not presently expect them to have a material adverse effect on the company’s liquidity or financial position.
Accidental leaks and spills requiring cleanup may occur in the ordinary course of business. The company may incur expenses for corrective actions at various owned and previously owned facilities and at third-party-owned waste disposal sites used by the company. An obligation may arise when operations are closed or sold or at non-Chevron sites where company products have been handled or disposed of. Most of the expenditures to fulfill these obligations relate to facilities and sites where past operations followed practices and procedures that were considered acceptable at the time but now require investigative or remedial work or both to meet current standards.
Using definitions and guidelines established by the American Petroleum Institute, Chevron estimated its worldwide environmental spending in 2019 at approximately $2.0 billion for its consolidated companies. Included in these expenditures were approximately $0.6 billion of environmental capital expenditures and $1.4 billion of costs associated with the prevention, control, abatement or elimination of hazardous substances and pollutants from operating, closed or divested sites, and the decommissioning and restoration of sites.
For 2020, total worldwide environmental capital expenditures are estimated at $0.4 billion. These capital costs are in addition to the ongoing costs of complying with environmental regulations and the costs to remediate previously contaminated sites.
Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions
Management makes many estimates and assumptions in the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) that may have a material impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and on the comparability of such information over different reporting periods. Such estimates and assumptions affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Estimates and assumptions are based on management’s experience and other information available prior to the issuance of the financial statements. Materially different results can occur as circumstances change and additional information becomes known.
The discussion in this section of “critical” accounting estimates and assumptions is according to the disclosure guidelines of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), wherein:
1.
the nature of the estimates and assumptions is material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters, or the susceptibility of such matters to change; and
2.
the impact of the estimates and assumptions on the company’s financial condition or operating performance is material.
The development and selection of accounting estimates and assumptions, including those deemed “critical,” and the associated disclosures in this discussion have been discussed by management with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. The areas of accounting and the associated “critical” estimates and assumptions made by the company are as follows:
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Oil and Gas Reserves Crude oil and natural gas reserves are estimates of future production that impact certain asset and expense accounts included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Proved reserves are the estimated quantities of oil and gas that geoscience and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be economically producible in the future under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations. Proved reserves include both developed and undeveloped volumes. Proved developed reserves represent volumes expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. Proved undeveloped reserves are volumes expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled proved acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion. Variables impacting Chevron’s estimated volumes of crude oil and natural gas reserves include field performance, available technology, commodity prices, and development and production costs.
The estimates of crude oil and natural gas reserves are important to the timing of expense recognition for costs incurred and to the valuation of certain oil and gas producing assets. Impacts of oil and gas reserves on Chevron’s Consolidated Financial Statements, using the successful efforts method of accounting, include the following:
1.
Amortization - Capitalized exploratory drilling and development costs are depreciated on a unit-of-production (UOP) basis using proved developed reserves. Acquisition costs of proved properties are amortized on a UOP basis using total proved reserves. During 2019, Chevron’s UOP Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization (DD&A) for oil and gas properties was $14.2 billion, and proved developed reserves at the beginning of 2019 were 6.3 billion barrels for consolidated companies. If the estimates of proved reserves used in the UOP calculations for consolidated operations had been lower by 5 percent across all oil and gas properties, UOP DD&A in 2019 would have increased by approximately $700 million.
2.
Impairment - Oil and gas reserves are used in assessing oil and gas producing properties for impairment. A significant reduction in the estimated reserves of a property would trigger an impairment review. Proved reserves (and, in some cases, a portion of unproved resources) are used to estimate future production volumes in the cash flow model. For a further discussion of estimates and assumptions used in impairment assessments, see Impairment of Properties, Plant and Equipment and Investments in Affiliates below.
Refer to Table V, “Reserve Quantity Information,” beginning on page 96, for the changes in proved reserve estimates for the three years ended December 31, 2019, and to Table VII, “Changes in the Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows From Proved Reserves” on page 103 for estimates of proved reserve values for each of the three years ended December 31, 2019.
This Oil and Gas Reserves commentary should be read in conjunction with the Properties, Plant and Equipment section of Note 1, beginning on page 57, which includes a description of the “successful efforts” method of accounting for oil and gas exploration and production activities.
Impairment of Properties, Plant and Equipment and Investments in Affiliates The company assesses its properties, plant and equipment (PP&E) for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds the future undiscounted cash flows expected from the asset, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess of carrying value of the asset over its estimated fair value.
Determination as to whether and how much an asset is impaired involves management estimates on highly uncertain matters, such as future commodity prices, operating expenses, production profiles, and the outlook for global or regional market supply-and-demand conditions for crude oil, natural gas, commodity chemicals and refined products. However, the impairment reviews and calculations are based on assumptions that are generally consistent with the company’s business plans and long-term investment decisions. Refer also to the discussion of impairments of properties, plant and equipment in Note 16 on page 77 and to the section on Properties, Plant and Equipment in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” beginning on page 57.
The company routinely performs impairment reviews when triggering events arise to determine whether any write-down in the carrying value of an asset or asset group is required. For example, when significant downward revisions to crude oil and natural gas reserves are made for any single field or concession, an impairment review is performed to determine if the carrying value of the asset remains recoverable. Similarly, a significant downward revision in the company’s crude oil or natural gas price outlook would trigger impairment reviews for impacted upstream assets. In addition, impairments could occur due to changes in national, state or local environmental regulations or laws, including those designed to stop or impede the development or production of oil and gas. Also, if the expectation of sale of a particular asset or asset group in any period has been deemed more likely than not, an impairment review is performed, and if the estimated net proceeds exceed the carrying value of the asset or asset group, no impairment charge is required. Such calculations are reviewed each period until the asset or asset group is
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
disposed. Assets that are not impaired on a held-and-used basis could possibly become impaired if a decision is made to sell such assets. That is, the assets would be impaired if they are classified as held-for-sale and the estimated proceeds from the sale, less costs to sell, are less than the assets’ associated carrying values.
Investments in common stock of affiliates that are accounted for under the equity method, as well as investments in other securities of these equity investees, are reviewed for impairment when the fair value of the investment falls below the company’s carrying value. When this occurs, a determination must be made as to whether this loss is other-than-temporary, in which case the investment is impaired. Because of the number of differing assumptions potentially affecting whether an investment is impaired in any period or the amount of the impairment, a sensitivity analysis is not practicable.
In 2019, the company recorded impairments and write-offs for certain oil and gas properties following the review and approval of its business plan and capital expenditure program. As a result of the company’s disciplined approach to capital allocation and a downward revision in its longer-term commodity price outlook, the company will reduce funding to various natural gas-related upstream opportunities including Appalachia shale, Kitimat LNG and other international projects. In addition, the revised long-term oil price outlook resulted in an impairment of Big Foot. No individually material impairments of PP&E or Investments were recorded for 2018 or 2017. A sensitivity analysis of the impact on earnings for these periods if other assumptions had been used in impairment reviews and impairment calculations is not practicable, given the broad range of the company’s PP&E and the number of assumptions involved in the estimates. That is, favorable changes to some assumptions might have avoided the need to impair any assets in these periods, whereas unfavorable changes might have caused an additional unknown number of other assets to become impaired, or resulted in larger impacts on impaired assets.
Asset Retirement Obligations In the determination of fair value for an asset retirement obligation (ARO), the company uses various assumptions and judgments, including such factors as the existence of a legal obligation, estimated amounts and timing of settlements, discount and inflation rates, and the expected impact of advances in technology and process improvements. A sensitivity analysis of the ARO impact on earnings for 2019 is not practicable, given the broad range of the company’s long-lived assets and the number of assumptions involved in the estimates. That is, favorable changes to some assumptions would have reduced estimated future obligations, thereby lowering accretion expense and amortization costs, whereas unfavorable changes would have the opposite effect. Refer to Note 23 on page 89 for additional discussions on asset retirement obligations.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Note 21, beginning on page 82, includes information on the funded status of the company’s pension and other postretirement benefit (OPEB) plans reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet; the components of pension and OPEB expense reflected on the Consolidated Statement of Income; and the related underlying assumptions.
The determination of pension plan expense and obligations is based on a number of actuarial assumptions. Two critical assumptions are the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and the discount rate applied to pension plan obligations. Critical assumptions in determining expense and obligations for OPEB plans, which provide for certain health care and life insurance benefits for qualifying retired employees and which are not funded, are the discount rate and the assumed health care cost-trend rates. Information related to the company’s processes to develop these assumptions is included on page 84 in Note 21 under the relevant headings. Actual rates may vary significantly from estimates because of unanticipated changes beyond the company’s control.
For 2019, the company used an expected long-term rate of return of 6.75 percent and a discount rate for service costs of 4.4 percent and a discount rate for interest cost of 3.7 percent for U.S. pension plans. The actual return for 2019 was 18.3 percent. For the 10 years ended December 31, 2019, actual asset returns averaged 8.1 percent for these plans. Additionally, with the exception of three years within this 10-year period, actual asset returns for these plans equaled or exceeded 6.75 percent during each year.
Total pension expense for 2019 was $0.9 billion. An increase in the expected long-term return on plan assets or the discount rate would reduce pension plan expense, and vice versa. As an indication of the sensitivity of pension expense to the long-term rate of return assumption, a 1 percent increase in this assumption for the company’s primary U.S. pension plan, which accounted for about 59 percent of companywide pension expense, would have reduced total pension plan expense for 2019 by approximately $79 million. A 1 percent increase in the discount rates for this same plan would have reduced pension expense for 2019 by approximately $197 million.
The aggregate funded status recognized at December 31, 2019, was a net liability of approximately $5.2 billion. An increase in the discount rate would decrease the pension obligation, thus changing the funded status of a plan. At December 31, 2019, the company used a discount rate of 3.1 percent to measure the obligations for the U.S. pension plans. As an indication of the
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
sensitivity of pension liabilities to the discount rate assumption, a 0.25 percent increase in the discount rate applied to the company’s primary U.S. pension plan, which accounted for about 62 percent of the companywide pension obligation, would have reduced the plan obligation by approximately $401 million, and would have decreased the plan’s underfunded status from approximately $2.5 billion to $2.1 billion.
For the company’s OPEB plans, expense for 2019 was $101 million, and the total liability, all unfunded at the end of 2019, was $2.5 billion. For the main U.S. OPEB plan, the company used a discount rate for service cost of 4.5 percent and a discount rate for interest cost of 3.9 percent to measure expense in 2019, and a 3.1 percent discount rate to measure the benefit obligations at December 31, 2019. Discount rate changes, similar to those used in the pension sensitivity analysis, resulted in an immaterial impact on 2019 OPEB expense and OPEB liabilities at the end of 2019. For information on the sensitivity of the health care cost-trend rate, refer to page 84 in Note 21 under the heading “Other Benefit Assumptions.”
Differences between the various assumptions used to determine expense and the funded status of each plan and actual experience are included in actuarial gain/loss. Refer to page 83 in Note 21 for a description of the method used to amortize the $6.5 billion of before-tax actuarial losses recorded by the company as of December 31, 2019, and an estimate of the costs to be recognized in expense during 2020. In addition, information related to company contributions is included on page 86 in Note 21 under the heading “Cash Contributions and Benefit Payments.”
Contingent Losses Management also makes judgments and estimates in recording liabilities for claims, litigation, tax matters and environmental remediation. Actual costs can frequently vary from estimates for a variety of reasons. For example, the costs for settlement of claims and litigation can vary from estimates based on differing interpretations of laws, opinions on culpability and assessments on the amount of damages. Similarly, liabilities for environmental remediation are subject to change because of changes in laws, regulations and their interpretation, the determination of additional information on the extent and nature of site contamination, and improvements in technology.
Under the accounting rules, a liability is generally recorded for these types of contingencies if management determines the loss to be both probable and estimable. The company generally reports these losses as “Operating expenses” or “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on the Consolidated Statement of Income. An exception to this handling is for income tax matters, for which benefits are recognized only if management determines the tax position is “more likely than not” (i.e., likelihood greater than 50 percent) to be allowed by the tax jurisdiction. For additional discussion of income tax uncertainties, refer to Note 22 beginning on page 87. Refer also to the business segment discussions elsewhere in this section for the effect on earnings from losses associated with certain litigation, environmental remediation and tax matters for the three years ended December 31, 2019.
An estimate as to the sensitivity to earnings for these periods if other assumptions had been used in recording these liabilities is not practicable because of the number of contingencies that must be assessed, the number of underlying assumptions and the wide range of reasonably possible outcomes, both in terms of the probability of loss and the estimates of such loss. For further information, refer to “Changes in management’s estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements and financial or operational performance in any given period” in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, on page 21.
New Accounting Standards
Refer to Note 4 beginning on page 62 for information regarding new accounting standards.
Quarterly Results
Unaudited
Consolidated Statement of Income
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Millions of dollars
Consolidated Balance Sheet
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Millions of dollars
Consolidated Statement of Equity
Amounts in millions of dollars
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Note 1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
General The company’s Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These require the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses reported in the financial statements, as well as amounts included in the notes thereto, including discussion and disclosure of contingent liabilities. Although the company uses its best estimates and judgments, actual results could differ from these estimates as circumstances change and additional information becomes known.
Subsidiary and Affiliated Companies The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of controlled subsidiary companies more than 50 percent-owned and any variable-interest entities in which the company is the primary beneficiary. Undivided interests in oil and gas joint ventures and certain other assets are consolidated on a proportionate basis. Investments in and advances to affiliates in which the company has a substantial ownership interest of approximately 20 percent to 50 percent, or for which the company exercises significant influence but not control over policy decisions, are accounted for by the equity method.
Investments in affiliates are assessed for possible impairment when events indicate that the fair value of the investment may be below the company’s carrying value. When such a condition is deemed to be other than temporary, the carrying value of the investment is written down to its fair value, and the amount of the write-down is included in net income. In making the determination as to whether a decline is other than temporary, the company considers such factors as the duration and extent of the decline, the investee’s financial performance, and the company’s ability and intention to retain its investment for a period that will be sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in the investment’s market value. The new cost basis of investments in these equity investees is not changed for subsequent recoveries in fair value.
Differences between the company’s carrying value of an equity investment and its underlying equity in the net assets of the affiliate are assigned to the extent practicable to specific assets and liabilities based on the company’s analysis of the various factors giving rise to the difference. When appropriate, the company’s share of the affiliate’s reported earnings is adjusted quarterly to reflect the difference between these allocated values and the affiliate’s historical book values.
Noncontrolling Interests Ownership interests in the company’s subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent are presented separately from the parent’s equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and the noncontrolling interests are both presented on the face of the Consolidated Statement of Income and Consolidated Statement of Equity.
Fair Value Measurements The three levels of the fair value hierarchy of inputs the company uses to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability are as follows. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability. Level 3 inputs are inputs that are not observable in the market.
Derivatives The majority of the company’s activity in derivative commodity instruments is intended to manage the financial risk posed by physical transactions. For some of this derivative activity, generally limited to large, discrete or infrequently occurring transactions, the company may elect to apply fair value or cash flow hedge accounting. For other similar derivative instruments, generally because of the short-term nature of the contracts or their limited use, the company does not apply hedge accounting, and changes in the fair value of those contracts are reflected in current income. For the company’s commodity trading activity, gains and losses from derivative instruments are reported in current income. The company may enter into interest rate swaps from time to time as part of its overall strategy to manage the interest rate risk on its debt. Interest rate swaps related to a portion of the company’s fixed-rate debt, if any, may be accounted for as fair value hedges. Interest rate swaps related to floating-rate debt, if any, are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet with resulting gains and losses reflected in income. Where Chevron is a party to master netting arrangements, fair value receivable and payable amounts recognized for derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty are generally offset on the balance sheet.
Inventories Crude oil, petroleum products and chemicals inventories are generally stated at cost, using a last-in, first-out method. In the aggregate, these costs are below market. “Materials, supplies and other” inventories are primarily stated at cost or net realizable value.
Properties, Plant and Equipment The successful efforts method is used for crude oil and natural gas exploration and production activities. All costs for development wells, related plant and equipment, proved mineral interests in crude oil and natural gas properties, and related asset retirement obligation (ARO) assets are capitalized. Costs of exploratory wells are capitalized pending determination of whether the wells found proved reserves. Costs of wells that are assigned proved
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
reserves remain capitalized. Costs also are capitalized for exploratory wells that have found crude oil and natural gas reserves even if the reserves cannot be classified as proved when the drilling is completed, provided the exploratory well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well and the company is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. All other exploratory wells and costs are expensed. Refer to Note 19, beginning on page 79, for additional discussion of accounting for suspended exploratory well costs.
Long-lived assets to be held and used, including proved crude oil and natural gas properties, are assessed for possible impairment by comparing their carrying values with their associated undiscounted, future net cash flows. Events that can trigger assessments for possible impairments include write-downs of proved reserves based on field performance, significant decreases in the market value of an asset (including changes to the commodity price forecast), significant change in the extent or manner of use of or a physical change in an asset, and a more-likely-than-not expectation that a long-lived asset or asset group will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly sooner than the end of its previously estimated useful life. Impaired assets are written down to their estimated fair values, generally their discounted, future net cash flows. For proved crude oil and natural gas properties, the company performs impairment reviews on a country, concession, PSC, development area or field basis, as appropriate. In Downstream, impairment reviews are performed on the basis of a refinery, a plant, a marketing/lubricants area or distribution area, as appropriate. Impairment amounts are recorded as incremental “Depreciation, depletion and amortization” expense.
Long-lived assets that are held for sale are evaluated for possible impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset with its fair value less the cost to sell. If the net book value exceeds the fair value less cost to sell, the asset is considered impaired and adjusted to the lower value. Refer to Note 7, beginning on page 65, relating to fair value measurements. The fair value of a liability for an ARO is recorded as an asset and a liability when there is a legal obligation associated with the retirement of a long-lived asset and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Refer also to Note 23, on page 89, relating to AROs.
Depreciation and depletion of all capitalized costs of proved crude oil and natural gas producing properties, except mineral interests, are expensed using the unit-of-production method, generally by individual field, as the proved developed reserves are produced. Depletion expenses for capitalized costs of proved mineral interests are recognized using the unit-of-production method by individual field as the related proved reserves are produced. Impairments of capitalized costs of unproved mineral interests are expensed.
The capitalized costs of all other plant and equipment are depreciated or amortized over their estimated useful lives. In general, the declining-balance method is used to depreciate plant and equipment in the United States; the straight-line method is generally used to depreciate international plant and equipment and to amortize finance lease right-of-use assets.
Gains or losses are not recognized for normal retirements of properties, plant and equipment subject to composite group amortization or depreciation. Gains or losses from abnormal retirements are recorded as expenses, and from sales as “Other income.”
Expenditures for maintenance (including those for planned major maintenance projects), repairs and minor renewals to maintain facilities in operating condition are generally expensed as incurred. Major replacements and renewals are capitalized.
Goodwill Goodwill resulting from a business combination is not subject to amortization. The company tests such goodwill at the reporting unit level for impairment annually at December 31, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount.
Environmental Expenditures Environmental expenditures that relate to ongoing operations or to conditions caused by past operations are expensed. Expenditures that create future benefits or contribute to future revenue generation are capitalized.
Liabilities related to future remediation costs are recorded when environmental assessments or cleanups or both are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. For crude oil, natural gas and mineral-producing properties, a liability for an ARO is made in accordance with accounting standards for asset retirement and environmental obligations. Refer to Note 23, on page 89, for a discussion of the company’s AROs.
For federal Superfund sites and analogous sites under state laws, the company records a liability for its designated share of the probable and estimable costs, and probable amounts for other potentially responsible parties when mandated by the regulatory agencies because the other parties are not able to pay their respective shares. The gross amount of environmental liabilities is based on the company’s best estimate of future costs using currently available technology and applying current
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
regulations and the company’s own internal environmental policies. Future amounts are not discounted. Recoveries or reimbursements are recorded as assets when receipt is reasonably assured.
Currency Translation The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for substantially all of the company’s consolidated operations and those of its equity affiliates. For those operations, all gains and losses from currency remeasurement are included in current period income. The cumulative translation effects for those few entities, both consolidated and affiliated, using functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar are included in “Currency translation adjustment” on the Consolidated Statement of Equity.
Revenue Recognition The company accounts for each delivery order of crude oil, natural gas, petroleum and chemical products as a separate performance obligation. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied, which typically occurs at the point in time when control of the product transfers to the customer. Payment is generally due within 30 days of delivery. The company accounts for delivery transportation as a fulfillment cost, not a separate performance obligation, and recognizes these costs as an operating expense in the period when revenue for the related commodity is recognized.
Revenue is measured as the amount the company expects to receive in exchange for transferring commodities to the customer. The company’s commodity sales are typically based on prevailing market-based prices and may include discounts and allowances. Until market prices become known under terms of the company’s contracts, the transaction price included in revenue is based on the company’s estimate of the most likely outcome.
Discounts and allowances are estimated using a combination of historical and recent data trends. When deliveries contain multiple products, an observable standalone selling price is generally used to measure revenue for each product. The company includes estimates in the transaction price only to the extent that a significant reversal of revenue is not probable in subsequent periods.
Excise, value-added and similar taxes assessed by a governmental authority on a revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer are presented on a net basis in “Taxes other than on income” on the Consolidated Statement of Income, on page 52. Purchases and sales of inventory with the same counterparty that are entered into in contemplation of one another (including buy/sell arrangements) are combined and recorded on a net basis and reported in “Purchased crude oil and products” on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Prior to the adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, revenues associated with sales of crude oil, natural gas, petroleum and chemicals products, and all other sources were recorded when title passed to the customer, net of royalties, discounts and allowances, as applicable. Revenues from natural gas production from properties in which Chevron has an interest with other producers were generally recognized using the entitlement method. Excise, value-added and similar taxes assessed by a governmental authority on a revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer were presented on a gross basis on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Stock Options and Other Share-Based Compensation The company issues stock options and other share-based compensation to certain employees. For equity awards, such as stock options, total compensation cost is based on the grant date fair value, and for liability awards, such as stock appreciation rights, total compensation cost is based on the settlement value. The company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for all awards over the service period required to earn the award, which is the shorter of the vesting period or the time period in which an employee becomes eligible to retain the award at retirement. The company’s Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) awards include stock options and stock appreciation rights, which have graded vesting provisions by which one-third of each award vests on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant. In addition, performance shares granted under the company’s LTIP will vest at the end of the three-year performance period. For awards granted under the company’s LTIP beginning in 2017, stock options and stock appreciation rights have graded vesting by which one third of each award vests annually on each January 31 on or after the first anniversary of the grant date. Standard restricted stock unit awards have cliff vesting by which the total award will vest on January 31 on or after the fifth anniversary of the grant date, subject to adjustment upon termination pursuant to the satisfaction of certain criteria. The company amortizes these awards on a straight-line basis.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Note 2
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses
The change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses (AOCL) presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and the impact of significant amounts reclassified from AOCL on information presented in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the year ended December 31, 2019, are reflected in the table below.
Currency Translation Adjustments
Unrealized Holding Gains (Losses) on Securities
Derivatives
Defined Benefit Plans
Total
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
(162
)
$
(2
)
$
(2
)
$
(3,677
)
$
(3,843
)
Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)1:
Before Reclassifications
(3
)
-
(310
)
(256
)
Reclassifications2
-
-
-
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(3
)
-
Balance at December 31, 2017
$
(105
)
$
(5
)
$
(2
)
$
(3,477
)
$
(3,589
)
Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)1:
Before Reclassifications
(19
)
(5
)
-
Reclassifications2
-
-
-
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(19
)
(5
)
-
Stranded Tax Reclassification to Retained Earnings3
-
-
-
(562
)
(562
)
Balance at December 31, 2018
$
(124
)
$
(10
)
$
(2
)
$
(3,408
)
$
(3,544
)
Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)1:
Before Reclassifications
(18
)
(1
)
(1,838
)
(1,855
)
Reclassifications2
-
-
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(18
)
(1,432
)
(1,446
)
Balance at December 31, 2019
$
(142
)
$
(8
)
$
-
$
(4,840
)
$
(4,990
)
All amounts are net of tax.
Refer to Note 21 beginning on page 82, for reclassified components totaling $523 that are included in employee benefit costs for the year ended December 31, 2019. Related income taxes for the same period, totaling $117, are reflected in Income Tax Expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income. All other reclassified amounts were insignificant.
Stranded tax reclassification to retained earnings per ASU 2018-02.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Note 3
Information Relating to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Year ended December 31
Net decrease (increase) in operating working capital was composed of the following:
Decrease (increase) in accounts and notes receivable
$
1,852
$
$
(915
)
Decrease (increase) in inventories
(424
)
(267
)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other current assets
(323
)
(149
)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
(109
)
(494
)
Increase (decrease) in income and other taxes payable
(88
)
Net decrease (increase) in operating working capital
$
1,494
$
(718
)
$
Net cash provided by operating activities includes the following cash payments:
Interest on debt (net of capitalized interest)
$
$
$
Income taxes
4,817
4,748
3,132
Proceeds and deposits related to asset sales and returns of investment consisted of the following gross amounts:
Proceeds and deposits related to asset sales
$
2,809
$
2,000
$
4,930
Returns of investment from equity affiliates
Proceeds and deposits related to asset sales and returns of investment
$
2,951
$
2,392
$
5,096
Net maturities (investments) of time deposits consisted of the following gross amounts:
Investments in time deposits
$
-
$
(950
)
$
-
Maturities of time deposits
-
-
Net maturities of (investments in) time deposits
$
$
(950
)
$
-
Net sales (purchases) of marketable securities consisted of the following gross amounts:
Marketable securities purchased
$
(1
)
$
(51
)
$
(3
)
Marketable securities sold
-
Net sales (purchases) of marketable securities
$
$
(51
)
$
Net repayment (borrowing) of loans by equity affiliates:
Borrowing of loans by equity affiliates
$
(1,350
)
$
-
$
(142
)
Repayment of loans by equity affiliates
Net repayment (borrowing) of loans by equity affiliates
$
(1,245
)
$
$
(16
)
Net borrowings (repayments) of short-term obligations consisted of the following gross and net amounts:
Proceeds from issuances of short-term obligations
$
2,586
$
2,486
$
5,051
Repayments of short-term obligations
(1,430
)
(4,136
)
(8,820
)
Net borrowings (repayments) of short-term obligations with three months or less maturity
(3,977
)
3,671
(1,373
)
Net borrowings (repayments) of short-term obligations
$
(2,821
)
$
2,021
$
(5,142
)
Net sales (purchases) of treasury shares consists of the following gross and net amounts:
Shares issued for share-based compensation plans
$
1,104
$
1,147
$
1,118
Shares purchased under share repurchase and deferred compensation plans
(4,039
)
(1,751
)
(1
)
Net sales (purchases) of treasury shares
$
(2,935
)
$
(604
)
$
1,117
The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows excludes changes to the Consolidated Balance Sheet that did not affect cash.
The “Other” line in the Operating Activities section includes changes in postretirement benefits obligations and other long-term liabilities.
The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows excludes changes to the Consolidated Balance Sheet that did not affect cash. “Depreciation, depletion and amortization,” “Deferred income tax provision,” and “Dry hole expense” collectively include approximately $9.3 billion and $1.1 billion in non-cash reductions recorded in 2019 and 2018, respectively, relating to impairments and other non-cash charges.
Refer also to Note 23, on page 89, for a discussion of revisions to the company’s AROs that also did not involve cash receipts or payments for the three years ending December 31, 2019.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
The major components of “Capital expenditures” and the reconciliation of this amount to the reported capital and exploratory expenditures, including equity affiliates, are presented in the following table:
Year ended December 31
Additions to properties, plant and equipment *
$
13,839
$
13,384
$
13,222
Additions to investments
Current-year dry hole expenditures
Payments for other assets and liabilities, net
(1
)
-
Capital expenditures
14,116
13,792
13,404
Expensed exploration expenditures
Assets acquired through finance leases and other obligations
Payments for other assets and liabilities, net
(13
)
-
-
Capital and exploratory expenditures, excluding equity affiliates
14,882
14,390
14,078
Company’s share of expenditures by equity affiliates
6,112
5,716
4,743
Capital and exploratory expenditures, including equity affiliates
$
20,994
$
20,106
$
18,821
*
Excludes non-cash movements of $(239) in 2019, $25 in 2018 and $1,183 in 2017.
The table below quantifies the beginning and ending balances of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Year ended December 31
Cash and cash equivalents
$
5,686
$
9,342
$
4,813
Restricted cash included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets”
Restricted cash included in “Deferred charges and other assets”
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
6,911
$
10,481
$
5,943
Note 4
New Accounting Standards
Leases (Topic 842) Effective January 1, 2019, Chevron adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02 and its related amendments. For additional information on the company’s leases, refer to Note 5 beginning on page 62.
Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, which becomes effective for the company beginning January 1, 2020. The standard requires companies to use forward-looking information to calculate credit loss estimates. The company completed the accounting policy and work process changes necessary to meet the standard’s requirements. The company does not expect the implementation of the standard to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
Note 5
Lease Commitments
Chevron implemented the new lease standard at the effective date of January 1, 2019. The cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of 2019 retained earnings is de minimis. The company elected the option to apply the transition provisions at the adoption date instead of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. By making this election, the company has not applied retrospective reporting for the comparable periods. The company elected the short-term lease exception provided for in the standard and therefore only recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term greater than one year.
The company elected the package of practical expedients to not re-evaluate existing contracts as containing a lease or the lease classification unless it was not previously assessed against the lease criteria. In addition, the company did not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. The company applied the land easement practical expedient. The company has elected the practical expedient to not separate non-lease components from lease components for most asset classes except for certain asset classes that have significant non-lease (i.e., service) components. The company assessed some contracts, including those for drill ships, drilling rigs, and storage tanks, not previously assessed against the lease criteria, as operating leases under the new standard, increasing the lease commitments by approximately $2 billion.
The company enters into leasing arrangements as a lessee; any lessor arrangements are not significant. Leases are classified as operating or finance leases. Both operating and finance leases recognize lease liabilities and associated right-of-use assets. Operating lease arrangements mainly involve drill ships, drilling rigs, time chartered vessels, bareboat charters, terminals,
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
exploration and production equipment, office buildings and warehouses, and land. Finance leases primarily include facilities and vessels.
Chevron uses various assumptions and judgments in preparing the quantitative data and qualitative information that is material to the company’s overall lease population. Where leases are used in joint ventures, the company recognizes 100% of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities when the company is the sole signatory for the lease (in most cases, where the company is the operator of a joint venture). Lease costs reflect only the costs associated with the operator’s working interest share. The lease term includes the committed lease term identified in the contract, taking into account renewal and termination options that management is reasonably certain to exercise. The company uses its incremental borrowing rate as a proxy for the discount rate based on the term of the lease unless the implicit rate is available.
Details of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating and finance leases, including the balance sheet presentation, are as follows:
At December 31, 2019
Operating
Leases
Finance
Leases
Deferred charges and other assets
$
4,074
$
-
Properties, plant and equipment, net
-
Right-of-use assets1, 2
$
4,074
$
Accrued Liabilities
$
1,277
$
-
Short-term Debt
-
Current lease liabilities
1,277
Deferred credits and other noncurrent obligations
2,608
-
Long-term Debt
-
Noncurrent lease liabilities
2,608
Total lease liabilities
$
3,885
$
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)
5.2
16.0
Weighted-average discount rate
3.2
%
4.7
%
1 Capitalized leased assets of $818 are primarily from the Upstream segment, with accumulated amortization of $617 at December 31, 2018.
2 Includes non-cash additions of $1,201 and $184 right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new and modified lease liabilities in 2019 for operating and finance leases, respectively.
Total lease costs consist of both amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income during the period and amounts capitalized as part of the cost of another asset. Total lease costs incurred for operating and finance leases were as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Operating lease costs1, 2
$
2,621
Finance lease costs
Total lease costs
$
2,687
1 Net rental expense of $816 and $721 for 2018 and 2017, respectively.
2 Includes variable and short-term lease costs.
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities was as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Operating cash flows from operating leases
$
1,574
Investing cash flows from operating leases
1,047
Operating cash flows from finance leases
Financing cash flows from finance leases
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
At December 31, 2019, the estimated future undiscounted cash flows for operating and finance leases were as follows:
At December 31, 2019
Operating Leases
Finance
Leases
Year
$
1,374
$
1,083
Thereafter
Total
$
4,251
$
Less: Amounts representing interest
Total lease liabilities
$
3,885
$
Additionally, the company has $790 in future undiscounted cash flows for operating leases not yet commenced. These leases are primarily for a drill ship, a facility, a bareboat charter, and a drilling rig. For those leasing arrangements where the underlying asset is not yet constructed, the lessor is primarily involved in the design and construction of the asset.
At December 31, 2018, the estimated future minimum lease payments (net of noncancelable sublease rentals) under operating and capital leases, which at inception had a noncancelable term of more than one year, were as follows:
At December 31, 2018
Operating Leases
Capital
Leases *
Year
$
$
Thereafter
Total
$
2,159
$
Less: Amounts representing interest and executory costs
(88
)
Net present values
Less: Capital lease obligations included in short-term debt
(18
)
Long-term capital lease obligations
$
* Excluded from the table is an executed but not-yet-commenced capital lease with payments of $14, $15, $22, $21, $21 and $219 for 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 and thereafter, respectively.
Note 6
Summarized Financial Data - Chevron U.S.A. Inc.
Chevron U.S.A. Inc. (CUSA) is a major subsidiary of Chevron Corporation. CUSA and its subsidiaries manage and operate most of Chevron’s U.S. businesses. Assets include those related to the exploration and production of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids and those associated with the refining, marketing, supply and distribution of products derived from petroleum, excluding most of the regulated pipeline operations of Chevron. CUSA also holds the company’s investment in the Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC joint venture, which is accounted for using the equity method. The summarized financial information for CUSA and its consolidated subsidiaries is as follows:
Year ended December 31
Sales and other operating revenues
$
109,314
$
125,076
$
104,054
Total costs and other deductions
116,365
121,351
103,904
Net income (loss) attributable to CUSA
(5,061
)
4,334
4,842
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
At December 31
Current assets
$
13,059
$
12,819
Other assets
50,796
55,814
Current liabilities
18,291
16,376
Other liabilities
12,565
12,906
Total CUSA net equity
$
32,999
$
39,351
Memo: Total debt
$
3,222
$
3,049
Note 7
Fair Value Measurements
The tables on the next page show the fair value hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018.
Marketable Securities The company calculates fair value for its marketable securities based on quoted market prices for identical assets. The fair values reflect the cash that would have been received if the instruments were sold at December 31, 2019.
Derivatives The company records its derivative instruments - other than any commodity derivative contracts that are designated as normal purchase and normal sale - on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value, with the offsetting amount to the Consolidated Statement of Income. Derivatives classified as Level 1 include futures, swaps and options contracts traded in active markets such as the New York Mercantile Exchange. Derivatives classified as Level 2 include swaps, options and forward contracts principally with financial institutions and other oil and gas companies, the fair values of which are obtained from third-party broker quotes, industry pricing services and exchanges. The company obtains multiple sources of pricing information for the Level 2 instruments. Since this pricing information is generated from observable market data, it has historically been very consistent. The company does not materially adjust this information.
Properties, Plant and Equipment The company reported impairments for certain upstream properties during 2019 primarily due to capital allocation decisions and a lower long-term commodity price outlook. The company did not have any individually material impairments in 2018.
Investments and Advances The company reported impairments for certain upstream equity companies during 2019 primarily due to capital allocation decisions and a lower long-term commodity price outlook. The company did not have any individually material impairments of investments and advances in 2018.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
At December 31, 2019
At December 31, 2018
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Marketable securities
$
$
$
-
$
-
$
$
$
-
$
-
Derivatives
-
-
Total assets at fair value
$
$
$
$
-
$
$
$
$
-
Derivatives
-
-
-
Total liabilities at fair value
$
$
$
$
-
$
$
-
$
$
-
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
At December 31
At December 31
Before-Tax Loss
Before-Tax Loss
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Year 2019
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Year 2018
Properties, plant and equipment, net (held and used)
$
2,177
$
-
$
-
$
2,177
$
2,095
$
$
-
$
$
$
Properties, plant and equipment, net (held for sale)
1,412
-
1,412
-
8,702
1,694
-
1,273
Investments and advances
-
-
Total nonrecurring assets at fair value
$
3,641
$
-
$
1,442
$
2,199
$
11,391
$
1,877
$
-
$
1,355
$
$
Assets and Liabilities Not Required to Be Measured at Fair Value The company holds cash equivalents and time deposits in U.S. and non-U.S. portfolios. The instruments classified as cash equivalents are primarily bank time deposits with maturities of 90 days or less and money market funds. “Cash and cash equivalents” had carrying/fair values of $5,686 and $9,342 at
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively. The instruments held in “Time deposits” are bank time deposits with maturities greater than 90 days and had carrying/fair values of zero and $950 at December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively. The fair values of cash, cash equivalents and bank time deposits are classified as Level 1 and reflect the cash that would have been received if the instruments were settled at December 31, 2019.
“Cash and cash equivalents” do not include investments with a carrying/fair value of $1,225 and $1,139 at December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively. At December 31, 2019, these investments are classified as Level 1 and include restricted funds related to certain upstream decommissioning activities, refundable deposits held in escrow related to pending asset sales, tax payments and a financing program, which are reported in “Deferred charges and other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Long-term debt, excluding finance lease liabilities, of $13,659 and $18,706 at December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively, had estimated fair values of $14,326 and $18,729, respectively. Long-term debt primarily includes corporate issued bonds. The fair value of corporate bonds is $13,460 and classified as Level 1. The fair value of other long-term debt is $866 and classified as Level 2.
The carrying values of short-term financial assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet approximate their fair values. Fair value remeasurements of other financial instruments at December 31, 2019 and 2018, were not material.
Note 8
Financial and Derivative Instruments
Derivative Commodity Instruments The company’s derivative commodity instruments principally include crude oil, natural gas and refined product futures, swaps, options, and forward contracts. None of the company’s derivative instruments is designated as a hedging instrument, although certain of the company’s affiliates make such designation. The company’s derivatives are not material to the company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity. The company believes it has no material market or credit risks to its operations, financial position or liquidity as a result of its commodity derivative activities.
The company uses derivative commodity instruments traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange and on electronic platforms of the Inter-Continental Exchange and Chicago Mercantile Exchange. In addition, the company enters into swap contracts and option contracts principally with major financial institutions and other oil and gas companies in the “over-the-counter” markets, which are governed by International Swaps and Derivatives Association agreements and other master netting arrangements. Depending on the nature of the derivative transactions, bilateral collateral arrangements may also be required.
Derivative instruments measured at fair value at December 31, 2019, December 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, and their classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and Consolidated Statement of Income are below:
Consolidated Balance Sheet: Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
At December 31
Type of Contract
Balance Sheet Classification
Commodity
Accounts and notes receivable, net
$
$
Commodity
Long-term receivables, net
-
Total assets at fair value
$
$
Commodity
Accounts payable
$
$
Commodity
Deferred credits and other noncurrent obligations
-
-
Total liabilities at fair value
$
$
Consolidated Statement of Income: The Effect of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Gain/(Loss)
Type of Derivative
Statement of
Year ended December 31
Contract
Income Classification
Commodity
Sales and other operating revenues
$
(291
)
$
$
(105
)
Commodity
Purchased crude oil and products
(17
)
(33
)
(9
)
Commodity
Other income
(2
)
(2
)
$
(310
)
$
$
(116
)
The table below represents gross and net derivative assets and liabilities subject to netting agreements on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Consolidated Balance Sheet: The Effect of Netting Derivative Assets and Liabilities
Gross Amounts Recognized
Gross Amounts Offset
Net Amounts Presented
Gross Amounts Not Offset
Net Amounts
At December 31, 2019
Derivative Assets
$
$
$
$
-
$
Derivative Liabilities
$
$
$
$
-
$
At December 31, 2018
Derivative Assets
$
3,685
$
3,402
$
$
-
$
Derivative Liabilities
$
3,414
$
3,402
$
$
-
$
Derivative assets and liabilities are classified on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as accounts and notes receivable, long-term receivables, accounts payable, and deferred credits and other noncurrent obligations. Amounts not offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet represent positions that do not meet all the conditions for “a right of offset.”
Concentrations of Credit Risk The company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of its cash equivalents, time deposits, marketable securities, derivative financial instruments and trade receivables. The company’s short-term investments are placed with a wide array of financial institutions with high credit ratings. Company investment policies limit the company’s exposure both to credit risk and to concentrations of credit risk. Similar policies on diversification and creditworthiness are applied to the company’s counterparties in derivative instruments.
The trade receivable balances, reflecting the company’s diversified sources of revenue, are dispersed among the company’s broad customer base worldwide. As a result, the company believes concentrations of credit risk are limited. The company routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers. When the financial strength of a customer is not considered sufficient, alternative risk mitigation measures may be deployed, including requiring pre-payments, letters of credit or other acceptable collateral instruments to support sales to customers.
Note 9
Assets Held for Sale
At December 31, 2019, the company classified $3,411 of net properties, plant and equipment as “Assets held for sale” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. These assets are associated with upstream operations that are anticipated to be sold in the next 12 months. The revenues and earnings contributions of these assets in 2019 were not material.
Note 10
Equity
Retained earnings at December 31, 2019 and 2018, included $25,319 and $22,362, respectively, for the company’s share of undistributed earnings of equity affiliates.
At December 31, 2019, about 72 million shares of Chevron’s common stock remained available for issuance from the 260 million shares that were reserved for issuance under the Chevron Long-Term Incentive Plan. In addition, 688,303 shares remain available for issuance from the 1,600,000 shares of the company’s common stock that were reserved for awards under the Chevron Corporation Non-Employee Directors’ Equity Compensation and Deferral Plan.
Note 11
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (EPS) is based upon “Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation” (“earnings”) and includes the effects of deferrals of salary and other compensation awards that are invested in Chevron stock units by certain officers and employees of the company. Diluted EPS includes the effects of these items as well as the dilutive effects of outstanding stock options awarded under the company’s stock option programs (refer to Note 20, “Stock Options and Other Share-Based Compensation,” beginning on page 80). The table on the following page sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS:
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Year ended December 31
Basic EPS Calculation
Earnings available to common stockholders - Basic1
$
2,924
$
14,824
$
9,195
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding2
1,882
1,897
1,882
Add: Deferred awards held as stock units
-
Total weighted-average number of common shares outstanding
1,882
1,898
1,883
Earnings per share of common stock - Basic
$
1.55
$
7.81
$
4.88
Diluted EPS Calculation
Earnings available to common stockholders - Diluted1
$
2,924
$
14,824
$
9,195
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding2
1,882
1,897
1,882
Add: Deferred awards held as stock units
-
Add: Dilutive effect of employee stock-based awards
Total weighted-average number of common shares outstanding
1,895
1,914
1,898
Earnings per share of common stock - Diluted
$
1.54
$
7.74
$
4.85
1 There was no effect of dividend equivalents paid on stock units or dilutive impact of employee stock-based awards on earnings.
2 Millions of shares.
Note 12
Operating Segments and Geographic Data
Although each subsidiary of Chevron is responsible for its own affairs, Chevron Corporation manages its investments in these subsidiaries and their affiliates. The investments are grouped into two business segments, Upstream and Downstream, representing the company’s “reportable segments” and “operating segments.” Upstream operations consist primarily of exploring for, developing and producing crude oil and natural gas; liquefaction, transportation and regasification associated with liquefied natural gas (LNG); transporting crude oil by major international oil export pipelines; processing, transporting, storage and marketing of natural gas; and a gas-to-liquids plant. Downstream operations consist primarily of refining of crude oil into petroleum products; marketing of crude oil and refined products; transporting of crude oil and refined products by pipeline, marine vessel, motor equipment and rail car; and manufacturing and marketing of commodity petrochemicals, plastics for industrial uses, and fuel and lubricant additives. All Other activities of the company include worldwide cash management and debt financing activities, corporate administrative functions, insurance operations, real estate activities, and technology activities.
The company’s segments are managed by “segment managers” who report to the “chief operating decision maker” (CODM). The segments represent components of the company that engage in activities (a) from which revenues are earned and expenses are incurred; (b) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the CODM, which makes decisions about resources to be allocated to the segments and assesses their performance; and (c) for which discrete financial information is available.
The company’s primary country of operation is the United States of America, its country of domicile. Other components of the company’s operations are reported as “International” (outside the United States).
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Segment Earnings The company evaluates the performance of its operating segments on an after-tax basis, without considering the effects of debt financing interest expense or investment interest income, both of which are managed by the company on a worldwide basis. Corporate administrative costs are not allocated to the operating segments. However, operating segments are billed for the direct use of corporate services. Nonbillable costs remain at the corporate level in “All Other.” Earnings by major operating area are presented in the following table:
Year ended December 31
Upstream
United States
$
(5,094
)
$
3,278
$
3,640
International
7,670
10,038
4,510
Total Upstream
2,576
13,316
8,150
Downstream
United States
1,559
2,103
2,938
International
1,695
2,276
Total Downstream
2,481
3,798
5,214
Total Segment Earnings
5,057
17,114
13,364
All Other
Interest expense
(761
)
(713
)
(264
)
Interest income
Other
(1,553
)
(1,714
)
(3,965
)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Chevron Corporation
$
2,924
$
14,824
$
9,195
Segment Assets Segment assets do not include intercompany investments or receivables. Assets at year-end 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
At December 31
Upstream
United States
$
35,926
$
42,594
International
145,648
153,861
Goodwill
4,463
4,518
Total Upstream
186,037
200,973
Downstream
United States
25,197
23,866
International
16,955
15,622
Total Downstream
42,152
39,488
Total Segment Assets
228,189
240,461
All Other
United States
3,475
5,100
International
5,764
8,302
Total All Other
9,239
13,402
Total Assets - United States
64,598
71,560
Total Assets - International
168,367
177,785
Goodwill
4,463
4,518
Total Assets
$
237,428
$
253,863
Segment Sales and Other Operating Revenues Operating segment sales and other operating revenues, including internal transfers, for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017, are presented in the table on the next page. Products are transferred between operating segments at internal product values that approximate market prices.
Revenues for the upstream segment are derived primarily from the production and sale of crude oil and natural gas, as well as the sale of third-party production of natural gas. Revenues for the downstream segment are derived from the refining and marketing of petroleum products such as gasoline, jet fuel, gas oils, lubricants, residual fuel oils and other products derived from crude oil. This segment also generates revenues from the manufacture and sale of fuel and lubricant additives and the transportation and trading of refined products and crude oil. “All Other” activities include revenues from insurance operations, real estate activities and technology companies.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Year ended December 311
Upstream
United States
$
23,358
$
22,891
$
13,242
International
35,628
37,822
28,680
Subtotal
58,986
60,713
41,922
Intersegment Elimination - United States
(14,944
)
(13,965
)
(9,341
)
Intersegment Elimination - International
(12,335
)
(13,679
)
(11,471
)
Total Upstream
31,707
33,069
21,110
Downstream
United States
55,271
59,376
53,140
International
57,654
70,095
61,395
Subtotal
112,925
129,471
114,535
Intersegment Elimination - United States
(3,924
)
(2,742
)
(14
)
Intersegment Elimination - International
(1,089
)
(1,132
)
(1,166
)
Total Downstream
107,912
125,597
113,355
All Other
United States
1,064
1,022
1,022
International
Subtotal
1,084
1,044
1,048
Intersegment Elimination - United States
(818
)
(786
)
(814
)
Intersegment Elimination - International
(20
)
(22
)
(25
)
Total All Other
Sales and Other Operating Revenues
United States
79,693
83,289
67,404
International
93,302
107,939
90,101
Subtotal
172,995
191,228
157,505
Intersegment Elimination - United States
(19,686
)
(17,493
)
(10,169
)
Intersegment Elimination - International
(13,444
)
(14,833
)
(12,662
)
Total Sales and Other Operating Revenues
$
139,865
$
158,902
$
134,674
1 Other than the United States, no other country accounted for 10 percent or more of the company’s Sales and Other Operating Revenues.
Segment Income Taxes Segment income tax expense for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:
Year ended December 31
Upstream
United States
$
(1,550
)
$
$
(3,538
)
International
3,492
4,687
2,249
Total Upstream
1,942
5,498
(1,289
)
Downstream
United States
(419
)
International
Total Downstream
All Other
(645
)
1,010
Total Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
$
2,691
$
5,715
$
(48
)
Other Segment Information Additional information for the segmentation of major equity affiliates is contained in Note 13, on page 71. Information related to properties, plant and equipment by segment is contained in Note 16, on page 77.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Note 13
Investments and Advances
Equity in earnings, together with investments in and advances to companies accounted for using the equity method and other investments accounted for at or below cost, is shown in the following table. For certain equity affiliates, Chevron pays its share of some income taxes directly. For such affiliates, the equity in earnings does not include these taxes, which are reported on the Consolidated Statement of Income as “Income tax expense.”
Investments and Advances
Equity in Earnings
At December 31
Year ended December 31
Upstream
Tengizchevroil
$
20,214
$
16,017
$
3,067
$
3,614
$
2,581
Petropiar
1,396
1,361
Petroboscan
1,139
1,315
(11
)
Caspian Pipeline Consortium
1,022
Angola LNG Limited
2,423
2,496
(26
)
Other
1,541
(478
)
Total Upstream
26,936
23,752
2,787
4,649
3,196
Downstream
Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC
6,241
6,218
1,034
GS Caltex Corporation
3,796
3,924
Other
1,443
1,383
Total Downstream
11,480
11,525
1,181
1,680
1,243
All Other
Other
(14
)
(16
)
-
(2
)
(1
)
Total equity method
$
38,402
$
35,261
$
3,968
$
6,327
$
4,438
Other non-equity method investments
Total investments and advances
$
38,688
$
35,546
Total United States
$
7,203
$
7,500
$
$
1,033
$
Total International
$
31,485
$
28,046
$
3,327
$
5,294
$
3,650
Descriptions of major affiliates, including significant differences between the company’s carrying value of its investments and its underlying equity in the net assets of the affiliates, are as follows:
Tengizchevroil Chevron has a 50 percent equity ownership interest in Tengizchevroil (TCO), which operates the Tengiz and Korolev crude oil fields in Kazakhstan. At December 31, 2019, the company’s carrying value of its investment in TCO was about $110 higher than the amount of underlying equity in TCO’s net assets. This difference results from Chevron acquiring a portion of its interest in TCO at a value greater than the underlying book value for that portion of TCO’s net assets. Included in the investment is a loan to TCO to fund the development of the Future Growth and Wellhead Pressure Management Project with a balance of $3,350.
Petropiar Chevron has a 30 percent interest in Petropiar, a joint stock company which operates the heavy oil Huyapari Field and upgrading project in Venezuela’s Orinoco Belt. At December 31, 2019, the company’s carrying value of its investment in Petropiar was approximately $130 less than the amount of underlying equity in Petropiar’s net assets. The difference represents the excess of Chevron’s underlying equity in Petropiar’s net assets over the net book value of the assets contributed to the venture.
Petroboscan Chevron has a 39.2 percent interest in Petroboscan, a joint stock company which operates the Boscan Field in Venezuela. At December 31, 2019, the company’s carrying value of its investment in Petroboscan was approximately $90 higher than the amount of underlying equity in Petroboscan’s net assets. The difference reflects the excess of the net book value of the assets contributed by Chevron over its underlying equity in Petroboscan’s net assets. The company also has an outstanding long-term loan to Petroboscan of $566 at year-end 2019.
Caspian Pipeline Consortium Chevron has a 15 percent interest in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium, a variable interest entity, which provides the critical export route for crude oil from both TCO and Karachaganak. The company has investments and advances totaling $883, which includes long-term loans of $199 at year-end 2019. The loans were provided to fund 30 percent of the initial pipeline construction. The company is not the primary beneficiary of the consortium because it does not direct activities of the consortium and only receives its proportionate share of the financial returns.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Angola LNG Limited Chevron has a 36.4 percent interest in Angola LNG Limited, which processes and liquefies natural gas produced in Angola for delivery to international markets.
Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC Chevron owns 50 percent of Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC. The other half is owned by Phillips 66.
GS Caltex Corporation Chevron owns 50 percent of GS Caltex Corporation, a joint venture with GS Energy. The joint venture imports, refines and markets petroleum products, petrochemicals and lubricants, predominantly in South Korea.
Other Information “Sales and other operating revenues” on the Consolidated Statement of Income includes $8,006, $10,378 and $8,165 with affiliated companies for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. “Purchased crude oil and products” includes $5,694, $6,598 and $4,800 with affiliated companies for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
“Accounts and notes receivable” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet includes $810 and $884 due from affiliated companies at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. “Accounts payable” includes $506 and $631 due to affiliated companies at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The following table provides summarized financial information on a 100 percent basis for all equity affiliates as well as Chevron’s total share, which includes Chevron’s net loans to affiliates of $4,331, $3,402 and $3,853 at December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Affiliates
Chevron Share
Year ended December 31
Total revenues
$
66,473
$
84,469
$
70,744
$
32,628
$
40,679
$
33,460
Income before income tax expense
13,197
16,693
13,487
5,954
6,755
5,712
Net income attributable to affiliates
9,809
13,321
10,751
4,366
6,384
4,468
At December 31
Current assets
$
30,791
$
32,657
$
33,883
$
12,998
$
12,813
$
13,568
Noncurrent assets
97,177
87,614
82,261
41,531
36,369
32,643
Current liabilities
26,032
26,006
26,873
10,610
9,843
10,201
Noncurrent liabilities
21,593
20,000
21,447
5,068
4,446
4,224
Total affiliates’ net equity
$
80,343
$
74,265
$
67,824
$
38,851
$
34,893
$
31,786
Note 14
Litigation
MTBE Chevron and many other companies in the petroleum industry have used methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) as a gasoline additive. Chevron is a party to six pending lawsuits and claims, the majority of which involve numerous other petroleum marketers and refiners. Resolution of these lawsuits and claims may ultimately require the company to correct or ameliorate the alleged effects on the environment of prior release of MTBE by the company or other parties. Additional lawsuits and claims related to the use of MTBE, including personal-injury claims, may be filed in the future. The company’s ultimate exposure related to pending lawsuits and claims is not determinable. The company no longer uses MTBE in the manufacture of gasoline in the United States.
Ecuador
Background Chevron is a defendant in civil litigation proceedings stemming from a lawsuit filed in the Superior Court for the province of Nueva Loja in Lago Agrio, Ecuador in May 2003 by plaintiffs who claim to be representatives of residents of an area where an oil production consortium formerly operated. The lawsuit alleged harm to the environment from the consortium’s oil production activities and sought monetary damages and other relief. Texaco Petroleum Company (Texpet), a subsidiary of Texaco Inc., was a minority member of the consortium from 1967 until 1992, with state-owned Petroecuador as the majority partner. Since 1992, Petroecuador has been the sole owner and operator in the concession area. After the termination of the consortium and following an independent third-party environmental audit of the concession area, in 1995, Texpet entered into a formal agreement with the Republic of Ecuador and Petroecuador under which Texpet agreed to remediate specific sites assigned by the government in proportion to Texpet’s minority share of the consortium. Pursuant to that agreement, Texpet conducted a three-year remediation program. After certifying that the assigned sites were properly remediated, in 1998, Ecuador granted Texpet and all related corporate entities a full release from any and all environmental liability arising from the consortium operations.
Chevron defended itself in the Lago Agrio lawsuit on the grounds that the claims lacked both legal and factual merit. As to matters of law, Chevron asserted that the court lacked jurisdiction, the plaintiffs sought to improperly apply a 1999 law
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
retroactively, the claims were time-barred, and the lawsuit was barred by releases signed by the Republic of Ecuador, Petroecuador, and the pertinent provincial and municipal governments. With regard to the facts, the company asserted that the evidence confirmed Texpet’s remediation was properly conducted and that any remaining environmental impacts reflected Petroecuador’s failure to timely fulfill its own legal obligation to remediate the concession area and Petroecuador’s conduct after it assumed control over operations. In February 2011, the provincial court rendered a judgment against Chevron, awarding approximately $8,600 in damages, plus approximately $900 for the plaintiffs’ representatives, and approximately $8,600 in additional punitive damages unless the company issued a public apology within 15 days, which Chevron did not do. In January 2012 an appellate panel affirmed the judgment and ordered that Chevron pay an additional 0.10% in attorneys’ fees. In November 2013, Ecuador’s National Court of Justice ratified the judgment but nullified the $8,600 punitive damage assessment, resulting in a judgment of $9,500. In December 2013, Chevron appealed the decision to Ecuador’s highest Constitutional Court, which rejected Chevron’s appeal in July 2018. No further appeals are available in Ecuador.
The Lago Agrio plaintiffs’ lawyers have sought to enforce the judgment in Ecuador and other jurisdictions. In May 2012, they filed a recognition and enforcement action against Chevron Corporation, Chevron Canada Limited and another subsidiary (which was later dismissed as a party) in the Superior Court of Justice in Ontario, Canada. In September 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the Ontario Superior Court of Justice had jurisdiction over Chevron Corporation and Chevron Canada Limited for purposes of the action. In January 2017, the Superior Court ruled that Chevron Canada Limited and Chevron Corporation are separate legal entities with separate rights and obligations, and dismissed the action against Chevron Canada Limited. In May 2018, the Court of Appeal for Ontario upheld the dismissal of Chevron Canada Limited. The Supreme Court of Canada denied the plaintiffs’ application for leave to appeal in April 2019, rendering the dismissal of Chevron Canada Limited final. In July 2019, by consent of the parties, the Ontario Superior Court dismissed the recognition and enforcement action against Chevron Corporation with prejudice and with costs in favor of Chevron. In June 2012, the plaintiffs filed a recognition and enforcement action against Chevron Corporation in the Superior Court of Justice in Brasilia, Brazil. In May 2015, the Brazilian public prosecutor issued an opinion recommending that the court reject the plaintiffs’ action on grounds including that the Lago Agrio judgment was procured through fraud and corruption and violated Brazilian and international public order. In November 2017, the Superior Court of Justice dismissed the plaintiffs’ recognition and enforcement action on jurisdictional grounds, and in June 2018 the dismissal became final in Brazil. In October 2012, the provincial court in Ecuador issued an ex parte embargo order purporting to order the seizure of assets belonging to separate Chevron subsidiaries in Ecuador, Argentina and Colombia. In November 2012, at the request of the plaintiffs, a court in Argentina issued a freeze order against Chevron Argentina S.R.L. and another Chevron subsidiary. In January 2013, an appellate court upheld the freeze order, but in June 2013, the Supreme Court of Argentina revoked the freeze order in its entirety. In December 2013, Chevron was served with the plaintiffs’ complaint seeking recognition and enforcement of the judgment in Argentina. In April 2016, the public prosecutor in Argentina issued an opinion recommending rejection of the plaintiffs’ request to recognize the Ecuadorian judgment in Argentina. In November 2017, the National Court, First Instance, dismissed the complaint on jurisdictional grounds and the Federal Civil Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal in July 2018. The plaintiffs’ appeal to the Supreme Court of Argentina remains pending. Chevron continues to believe the Ecuadorian judgment is illegitimate and unenforceable because it is the product of fraud and corruption, and contrary to the law and all legitimate scientific evidence. Chevron cannot predict the timing or outcome of any pending or threatened enforcement action, but expects to continue a vigorous defense against any imposition of liability and to contest and defend any and all enforcement actions.
In February 2011, Chevron filed a civil lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Lago Agrio plaintiffs and several of their lawyers and supporters, asserting violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act and state law. In March 2014, the District Court entered a judgment in favor of Chevron, finding that the Ecuadorian judgment had been procured through fraud, bribery and corruption, and prohibiting the RICO defendants from seeking to enforce the Lago Agrio judgment in the United States or profiting from their illegal acts. In August 2016, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit issued a unanimous decision affirming the New York judgment in full. In June 2017, the U.S. Supreme Court denied the RICO defendants’ petition for a Writ of Certiorari, rendering the New York judgment in favor of Chevron final.
Chevron and Texpet filed an arbitration claim in September 2009 against the Republic of Ecuador before an arbitral tribunal administered by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague, under the Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law. The claim alleged violations of Ecuador’s obligations under the United States-Ecuador Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) and breaches of the settlement and release agreements between Ecuador and Texpet. In January 2012, the Tribunal issued its First Interim Measures Award requiring Ecuador to take all measures at its disposal to suspend or cause to be suspended the enforcement or recognition within and outside of Ecuador of any judgment against Chevron in the Lago Agrio case pending further order of the Tribunal. In February 2012, the Tribunal issued a Second
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Interim Award mandating that Ecuador take all measures necessary to suspend or cause to be suspended enforcement and recognition proceedings within and outside of Ecuador. Also in February 2012, the Tribunal issued a Third Interim Award confirming its jurisdiction to hear Chevron and Texpet’s claims. In February 2013, the Tribunal issued its Fourth Interim Award in which it declared that Ecuador had violated the First and Second Interim Awards. The Tribunal divided the merits phase of the arbitration into three phases. In September 2013, after the conclusion of Phase One, the Tribunal issued its First Partial Award, finding that the settlement agreements between Ecuador and Texpet applied to both Texpet and Chevron and released them from public environmental claims arising from the consortium’s operations, but did not preclude individual claims for personal harm. In August 2018, the Tribunal issued its Phase Two award, again in favor of Chevron and Texpet. The Tribunal unanimously held that the Lago Agrio judgment was procured through fraud, bribery and corruption and was based on public claims that Ecuador had settled and released. According to the Tribunal, the Ecuadorian judgment “violates international public policy” and “should not be recognized or enforced by the courts of other States.” The Tribunal found that: (i) Ecuador breached its obligations under the settlement agreements releasing Texpet and its affiliates from public environmental claims; (ii) Ecuador committed a denial of justice under international law and violated the U.S.-Ecuador BIT due to the fraud and corruption in the Lago Agrio litigation; and (iii) Texpet satisfied its environmental remediation obligations through the remediation program that Ecuador supervised and approved. The Tribunal ordered Ecuador to: (a) take immediate steps to remove the status of enforceability from the Ecuadorian judgment; (b) take measures to “wipe out all the consequences” of Ecuador’s “internationally wrongful acts in regard to the Ecuadorian judgment;” and (c) compensate Chevron for any injuries resulting from the Ecuadorian judgment. The final Phase Three of the arbitration, at which damages for Chevron’s injuries will be determined, was set for hearing in March 2021. Ecuador filed in the District Court of The Hague a request to set aside the Tribunal’s Interim Awards and its First Partial Award, and in January 2016 that court denied Ecuador’s request. In July 2017, the Appeals Court of the Netherlands denied Ecuador’s appeal, and in April 2019, the Supreme Court of the Netherlands upheld the decision of the Appeals Court and finally rejected Ecuador’s challenges to the Tribunal’s Interim Awards and its First Partial Award. In December 2018, Ecuador filed in the District Court of The Hague a request to set aside the Tribunal’s Phase Two Award.
Management’s Assessment The ultimate outcome of the foregoing matters, including any financial effect on Chevron, remains uncertain. Management does not believe an estimate of a reasonably possible loss (or a range of loss) can be made in this case. Due to the defects associated with the Ecuadorian judgment, management does not believe the judgment has any utility in calculating a reasonably possible loss (or a range of loss). Moreover, the highly uncertain legal environment surrounding the case provides no basis for management to estimate a reasonably possible loss (or a range of loss).
Note 15
Taxes
Income Taxes
Year ended December 31
Income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal
Current
$
(73
)
$
(181
)
$
(382
)
Deferred
(1,074
)
(2,561
)
State and local
Current
(97
)
Deferred
(172
)
(16
)
Total United States
(1,166
)
(2,974
)
International
Current
4,577
4,662
3,634
Deferred
(720
)
(708
)
Total International
3,857
4,991
2,926
Total income tax expense (benefit)
$
2,691
$
5,715
$
(48
)
The reconciliation between the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate and the company’s effective income tax rate is detailed in the table on the following page:
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Income (loss) before income taxes
United States
$
(5,483
)
$
4,730
$
(441
)
International
11,019
15,845
9,662
Total income (loss) before income taxes
5,536
20,575
9,221
Theoretical tax (at U.S. statutory rate of 21% - 2019 & 2018, 35% - 2017)
1,163
4,321
3,227
Effect of U.S. tax reform
(26
)
(2,020
)
Equity affiliate accounting effect
(687
)
(1,526
)
(1,373
)
Effect of income taxes from international operations*
2,196
3,132
(130
)
State and local taxes on income, net of U.S. federal income tax benefit
(18
)
Prior year tax adjustments, claims and settlements
(51
)
(39
)
Tax credits
(18
)
(163
)
(199
)
Other U.S.*
(140
)
(134
)
Total income tax expense (benefit)
$
2,691
$
5,715
$
(48
)
Effective income tax rate
48.6
%
27.8
%
(0.5
)%
* Includes one-time tax costs (benefits) associated with changes in uncertain tax positions and valuation allowances.
The 2019 decrease in income tax expense of $3,024 is a result of the year-over-year decrease in total income before income tax expense, which is primarily due to the impairment and project write-off charges in 2019. The company’s effective tax rate changed from 28 percent in 2018 to 49 percent in 2019. The change in effective tax rate is a consequence of mix effect resulting from the absolute level of earnings or losses and whether they arose in higher or lower tax rate jurisdictions, including a tax charge related to cash repatriation and the impact of asset sales and corporate rate reductions.
The company records its deferred taxes on a tax-jurisdiction basis. The reported deferred tax balances are composed of the following:
At December 31
Deferred tax liabilities
Properties, plant and equipment
$
17,251
$
20,159
Investments and other*
5,372
4,943
Total deferred tax liabilities
22,623
25,102
Deferred tax assets
Foreign tax credits
(9,840
)
(10,536
)
Asset retirement obligations/environmental reserves
(4,329
)
(5,328
)
Employee benefits
(3,454
)
(2,787
)
Deferred credits
(1,083
)
(1,373
)
Tax loss carryforwards
(5,262
)
(4,948
)
Other accrued liabilities
(441
)
(595
)
Inventory
(662
)
(505
)
Operating leases *
(1,211
)
-
Miscellaneous
(2,796
)
(3,481
)
Total deferred tax assets
(29,078
)
(29,553
)
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance
15,965
15,973
Total deferred taxes, net
$
9,510
$
11,522
* Beginning in 2019, the deferred taxes that are the consequence of ASU 2016-02 are included in the “Investments and other” and “Operating lease” balances above. Refer to Note 5, “Lease Commitments” beginning on page 62.
Deferred tax liabilities at the end of 2019 decreased by approximately $2,500 from year-end 2018. The decrease was primarily related to property, plant and equipment temporary differences due to upstream asset impairments. Deferred tax assets were essentially unchanged from year-end 2018.
The overall valuation allowance relates to deferred tax assets for U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards, tax loss carryforwards and temporary differences. The valuation allowance reduces the deferred tax assets to amounts that are, in management’s assessment, more likely than not to be realized. At the end of 2019, the company had tax loss carryforwards of approximately $13,419 and tax credit carryforwards of approximately $1,058, primarily related to various international tax jurisdictions. Whereas some of these tax loss carryforwards do not have an expiration date, others expire at various times from 2020 through 2034. U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards of $9,840 will expire between 2020 and 2029.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
At December 31, 2019 and 2018, deferred taxes were classified on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as follows:
At December 31
Deferred charges and other assets
$
(4,178
)
$
(4,399
)
Noncurrent deferred income taxes
13,688
15,921
Total deferred income taxes, net
$
9,510
$
11,522
Income taxes are not accrued for unremitted earnings of international operations that have been or are intended to be reinvested indefinitely. The indefinite reinvestment assertion continues to apply for the purpose of determining deferred tax liabilities for U.S. state and foreign withholding tax purposes.
U.S. state and foreign withholding taxes are not accrued for unremitted earnings of international operations that have been or are intended to be reinvested indefinitely. Undistributed earnings of international consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates for which no deferred income tax provision has been made for possible future remittances totaled approximately $52,500 at December 31, 2019. This amount represents earnings reinvested as part of the company’s ongoing international business. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of state and foreign taxes that might be payable on the possible remittance of earnings that are intended to be reinvested indefinitely. The company does not anticipate incurring significant additional taxes on remittances of earnings that are not indefinitely reinvested.
Uncertain Income Tax Positions The company recognizes a tax benefit in the financial statements for an uncertain tax position only if management’s assessment is that the position is “more likely than not” (i.e., a likelihood greater than 50 percent) to be allowed by the tax jurisdiction based solely on the technical merits of the position. The term “tax position” in the accounting standards for income taxes refers to a position in a previously filed tax return or a position expected to be taken in a future tax return that is reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities for interim or annual periods.
The following table indicates the changes to the company’s unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. The term “unrecognized tax benefits” in the accounting standards for income taxes refers to the differences between a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and the benefit measured and recognized in the financial statements. Interest and penalties are not included.
Balance at January 1
$
5,070
$
4,828
$
3,031
Foreign currency effects
(6
)
Additions based on tax positions taken in current year
1,853
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years
1,166
Reductions for tax positions taken in prior years
(194
)
(131
)
(90
)
Settlements with taxing authorities in current year
(78
)
(13
)
(1,173
)
Reductions as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations
(219
)
-
(2
)
Balance at December 31
$
4,987
$
5,070
$
4,828
Approximately 81 percent of the $4,987 of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2019, would have an impact on the effective tax rate if subsequently recognized. Certain of these unrecognized tax benefits relate to tax carryforwards that may require a full valuation allowance at the time of any such recognition.
Tax positions for Chevron and its subsidiaries and affiliates are subject to income tax audits by many tax jurisdictions throughout the world. For the company’s major tax jurisdictions, examinations of tax returns for certain prior tax years had not been completed as of December 31, 2019. For these jurisdictions, the latest years for which income tax examinations had been finalized were as follows: United States - 2013, Nigeria - 2000, Australia - 2009 and Kazakhstan - 2012.
The company engages in ongoing discussions with tax authorities regarding the resolution of tax matters in the various jurisdictions. Both the outcome of these tax matters and the timing of resolution and/or closure of the tax audits are highly uncertain. However, it is reasonably possible that developments on tax matters in certain tax jurisdictions may result in significant increases or decreases in the company’s total unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months. Given the number of years that still remain subject to examination and the number of matters being examined in the various tax jurisdictions, the company is unable to estimate the range of possible adjustments to the balance of unrecognized tax benefits.
On the Consolidated Statement of Income, the company reports interest and penalties related to liabilities for uncertain tax positions as “Income tax expense.” As of December 31, 2019, accruals of $30 for anticipated interest and penalty obligations were included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, compared with accruals of $33 as of year-end 2018. Income tax expense (benefit) associated with interest and penalties was $(3), $8 and $(161) in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Taxes Other Than on Income
Year ended December 31
United States
Excise and similar taxes on products and merchandise*
$
4,990
$
4,830
$
4,398
Consumer excise taxes collected on behalf of third parties*
(4,990
)
(4,830
)
-
Import duties and other levies
Property and other miscellaneous taxes
1,785
1,577
1,824
Payroll taxes
Taxes on production
Total United States
2,396
2,163
6,680
International
Excise and similar taxes on products and merchandise*
2,801
3,031
2,791
Consumer excise taxes collected on behalf of third parties*
(2,801
)
(3,031
)
-
Import duties and other levies
Property and other miscellaneous taxes
1,435
2,370
2,563
Payroll taxes
Taxes on production
Total International
1,740
2,704
5,651
Total taxes other than on income
$
4,136
$
4,867
$
12,331
* Beginning in 2018, these taxes are netted in “Taxes other than on income” in accordance with ASU 2014-09. Refer to Note 24, “Revenue” beginning on page 89.
Note 16
Properties, Plant and Equipment1
At December 31
Year ended December 31
Gross Investment at Cost
Net Investment
Additions at Cost2
Depreciation Expense3
Upstream
United States
$
82,117
$
88,155
$
84,602
$
31,082
$
39,526
$
38,722
$
7,751
$
6,434
$
4,995
$
15,222
$
5,328
$
5,527
International
206,292
215,329
224,211
102,639
113,603
123,191
3,664
4,865
7,934
12,618
12,726
12,096
Total Upstream
288,409
303,484
308,813
133,721
153,129
161,913
11,415
11,299
12,929
27,840
18,054
17,623
Downstream
United States
25,968
24,685
23,598
11,398
10,838
10,346
1,452
1,259
International
7,480
7,237
7,094
3,114
3,023
3,074
Total Downstream
33,448
31,922
30,692
14,512
13,861
13,420
1,807
1,537
1,213
1,125
1,033
1,035
All Other
United States
4,719
4,667
4,798
2,236
2,186
2,341
International
Total All Other
4,865
4,838
4,980
2,261
2,217
2,379
Total United States
112,804
117,507
112,998
44,716
52,550
51,409
9,527
7,917
6,120
16,334
6,399
6,957
Total International
213,918
222,737
231,487
105,778
116,657
126,303
4,028
5,149
8,244
12,884
13,020
12,392
Total
$
326,722
$
340,244
$
344,485
$
150,494
$
169,207
$
177,712
$
13,555
$
13,066
$
14,364
$
29,218
$
19,419
$
19,349
Other than the United States and Australia, no other country accounted for 10 percent or more of the company’s net properties, plant and equipment (PP&E) in 2019. Australia had PP&E of $51,359, $53,768 and $55,514 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Net of dry hole expense related to prior years’ expenditures of $124, $343 and $42 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Depreciation expense includes accretion expense of $628, $654 and $668 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and impairments of $10,797, $735 and $1,021 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Note 17
Short-Term Debt
At December 31
Commercial paper1
$
4,654
$
7,503
Notes payable to banks and others with originating terms of one year or less
Current maturities of long-term debt2
5,054
4,999
Current maturities of long-term finance leases
Redeemable long-term obligations
Long-term debt
3,078
3,078
Subtotal
13,032
15,626
Reclassified to long-term debt
(9,750
)
(9,900
)
Total short-term debt
$
3,282
$
5,726
1 Weighted-average interest rates at December 31, 2019 and 2018, were 1.69 percent and 2.43 percent, respectively.
2 Net of unamortized discounts and issuance costs: $0 in 2019 and $1 in 2018.
Redeemable long-term obligations consist primarily of tax-exempt variable-rate put bonds that are included as current liabilities because they become redeemable at the option of the bondholders during the year following the balance sheet date.
The company may periodically enter into interest rate swaps on a portion of its short-term debt. At December 31, 2019, the company had no interest rate swaps on short-term debt.
At December 31, 2019, the company had $9,750 in 364-day committed credit facilities with various major banks that enable the refinancing of short-term obligations on a long-term basis. The credit facilities allow the company to convert any amounts outstanding into a term loan for a period of up to one year. This supports commercial paper borrowing and can also be used for general corporate purposes. The company’s practice has been to continually replace expiring commitments with new commitments on substantially the same terms, maintaining levels management believes appropriate. Any borrowings under the facility would be unsecured indebtedness at interest rates based on the London Interbank Offered Rate or an average of base lending rates published by specified banks and on terms reflecting the company’s strong credit rating. No borrowings were outstanding under this facility at December 31, 2019.
The company classified $9,750 and $9,900 of short-term debt as long-term at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Settlement of these obligations is not expected to require the use of working capital within one year, and the company has both the intent and the ability, as evidenced by committed credit facilities, to refinance them on a long-term basis.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Note 18
Long-Term Debt
Total long-term debt including finance lease liabilities at December 31, 2019, was $23,691. The company’s long-term debt outstanding at year-end 2019 and 2018 was as follows:
At December 31
Principal
Principal
3.191% notes due 2023
$
2,250
$
2,250
2.954% notes due 2026
2,250
2,250
2.355% notes due 2022
2,000
2,000
1.961% notes due 2020
1,750
1,750
2.100% notes due 2021
1,350
1,350
2.419% notes due 2020
1,250
1,250
2.427% notes due 2020
1,000
1,000
2.895% notes due 2024
1,000
1,000
2.566% notes due 2023
3.326% notes due 2025
2.498% notes due 2022
2.411% notes due 2022
Floating rate notes due 2021 (2.599%)1
Floating rate notes due 2022 (2.412%)1
1.991% notes due 2020
Floating rate notes due 2020 (2.116%)2
3.400% loan3
8.625% debentures due 2032
8.625% debentures due 2031
8.000% debentures due 2032
9.750% debentures due 2020
8.875% debentures due 2021
Medium-term notes, maturing from 2021 to 2038 (6.431%)1
4.950% notes due 2019
-
1,500
1.561% notes due 2019
-
1,350
Floating rate notes due 2019
-
2.193% notes due 2019
-
1.686% notes due 2019
-
Total including debt due within one year
18,730
23,730
Debt due within one year
(5,054
)
(5,000
)
Reclassified from short-term debt
9,750
9,900
Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs
(17
)
(24
)
Finance lease liabilities4
Total long-term debt
$
23,691
$
28,733
Weighted-average interest rate at December 31, 2019.
Interest rate at December 31, 2019.
Maturity date is conditional upon the occurrence of certain events. 2022 is the earliest period in which the loan may become payable.
For details on finance lease liabilities, see Note 5 beginning on page 62.
Chevron has an automatic shelf registration statement that expires in May 2021. This registration statement is for an unspecified amount of nonconvertible debt securities issued or guaranteed by the company.
Long-term debt excluding finance lease liabilities with a principal balance of $18,730 matures as follows: 2020 - $5,054; 2021 - $2,054; 2022 - $4,268; 2023 - $3,003; 2024 - $1,000; and after 2024 - $3,351.
See Note 7, beginning on page 65, for information concerning the fair value of the company’s long-term debt.
Note 19
Accounting for Suspended Exploratory Wells
The company continues to capitalize exploratory well costs after the completion of drilling when the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify completion as a producing well, and the business unit is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. If either condition is not met or if the company obtains information that raises substantial doubt about the economic or operational viability of the project, the exploratory well would be assumed to be impaired, and its costs, net of any salvage value, would be charged to expense.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
The following table indicates the changes to the company’s suspended exploratory well costs for the three years ended December 31, 2019:
Beginning balance at January 1
$
3,563
$
3,702
$
3,540
Additions to capitalized exploratory well costs pending the determination of proved reserves
Reclassifications to wells, facilities and equipment based on the determination of proved reserves
(500
)
(13
)
(113
)
Capitalized exploratory well costs charged to expense
(125
)
(333
)
(39
)
Other reductions*
(141
)
-
(9
)
Ending balance at December 31
$
3,041
$
3,563
$
3,702
* Represents property sales.
The following table provides an aging of capitalized well costs and the number of projects for which exploratory well costs have been capitalized for a period greater than one year since the completion of drilling.
At December 31
Exploratory well costs capitalized for a period of one year or less
$
$
$
Exploratory well costs capitalized for a period greater than one year
2,827
3,361
3,395
Balance at December 31
$
3,041
$
3,563
$
3,702
Number of projects with exploratory well costs that have been capitalized for a period greater than one year*
* Certain projects have multiple wells or fields or both.
Of the $2,827 of exploratory well costs capitalized for more than one year at December 31, 2019, $1,867 is related to 12 projects that had drilling activities underway or firmly planned for the near future. The $960 balance is related to 10 projects in areas requiring a major capital expenditure before production could begin and for which additional drilling efforts were not underway or firmly planned for the near future. Additional drilling was not deemed necessary because the presence of hydrocarbons had already been established, and other activities were in process to enable a future decision on project development.
The projects for the $960 referenced above had the following activities associated with assessing the reserves and the projects’ economic viability: (a) $256 (four projects) - undergoing front-end engineering and design with final investment decision expected within four years; (b) $704 (six projects) - development alternatives under review. While progress was being made on all 22 projects, the decision on the recognition of proved reserves under SEC rules in some cases may not occur for several years because of the complexity, scale and negotiations associated with the projects. More than half of these decisions are expected to occur in the next five years.
The $2,827 of suspended well costs capitalized for a period greater than one year as of December 31, 2019, represents 123 exploratory wells in 22 projects. The tables below contain the aging of these costs on a well and project basis:
Aging based on drilling completion date of individual wells:
Amount
Number of wells
1998-2008
$
2009-2013
1,166
2014-2018
1,417
Total
$
2,827
Aging based on drilling completion date of last suspended well in project:
Amount
Number of projects
2003-2011
$
2012-2015
1,653
2016-2019
Total
$
2,827
Note 20
Stock Options and Other Share-Based Compensation
Compensation expense for stock options for 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $81 ($64 after tax), $105 ($83 after tax) and $137 ($89 after tax), respectively. In addition, compensation expense for stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance shares and restricted stock units was $313 ($266 after tax), $60 ($47 after tax) and $231 ($150 after tax) for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. No significant stock-based compensation cost was capitalized at December 31, 2019, or December 31, 2018.
Cash received in payment for option exercises under all share-based payment arrangements for 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $1,090, $1,159 and $1,100, respectively. Actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions from option exercises were $43, $43 and $48 for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Cash paid to settle performance shares, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights was $119, $157 and $187 for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Awards under the Chevron Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) may take the form of, but are not limited to, stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance shares and nonstock grants. From April 2004 through May 2023, no more than 260 million shares may be issued under the LTIP. For awards issued on or after May 29, 2013, no more than 50 million of those shares may be in a form other than a stock option, stock appreciation right or award requiring full payment for shares by the award recipient. For the major types of awards issued before January 1, 2017, the contractual terms vary between three years for the performance shares and restricted stock units, and 10 years for the stock options and stock appreciation rights. For awards issued after January 1, 2017, contractual terms vary between three years for the performance shares and special restricted stock units, five years for standard restricted stock units and 10 years for the stock options and stock appreciation rights. Forfeitures for performance shares, restricted stock units, and stock appreciation rights are recognized as they occur. Forfeitures for stock options are estimated using historical forfeiture data dating back to 1990.
The fair market values of stock options and stock appreciation rights granted in 2019, 2018 and 2017 were measured on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, with the following weighted-average assumptions:
Year ended December 31
Expected term in years1
6.6
6.5
6.3
Volatility2
20.5
%
21.2
%
21.7
%
Risk-free interest rate based on zero coupon U.S. treasury note
2.6
%
2.6
%
2.2
%
Dividend yield
3.8
%
3.8
%
4.2
%
Weighted-average fair value per option granted
$
15.82
$
18.18
$
15.31
1 Expected term is based on historical exercise and post-vesting cancellation data.
2 Volatility rate is based on historical stock prices over an appropriate period, generally equal to the expected term.
A summary of option activity during 2019 is presented below:
Shares (Thousands)
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
Averaged Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2019
94,724
$
99.92
Granted
5,771
$
113.04
Exercised
(13,190
)
$
83.36
Forfeited
(664
)
$
111.57
Outstanding at December 31, 2019
86,641
$
103.22
4.69
$
1,518
Exercisable at December 31, 2019
77,671
$
101.63
4.25
$
1,474
The total intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between the exercise price and the market price) of options exercised during 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $516, $506 and $407, respectively. During this period, the company continued its practice of issuing treasury shares upon exercise of these awards.
As of December 31, 2019, there was $55 of total unrecognized before-tax compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years.
At January 1, 2019, the number of LTIP performance shares outstanding was equivalent to 3,669,730 shares. During 2019, 1,813,188 performance shares were granted, 684,620 shares vested with cash proceeds distributed to recipients and 411,514 shares were forfeited. At December 31, 2019, performance shares outstanding were 4,386,784. The fair value of the liability recorded for these instruments was $370, and was measured using the Monte Carlo simulation method.
At January 1, 2019, the number of restricted stock units outstanding was equivalent to 1,737,479 shares. During 2019, 1,054,556 restricted stock units were granted, 244,744 units vested with cash proceeds distributed to recipients and 120,332 units were forfeited. At December 31, 2019, restricted stock units outstanding were 2,426,959. The fair value of the liability recorded for the vested portion of these instruments was $192, valued at the stock price as of December 31, 2019. In addition, outstanding stock appreciation rights that were granted under LTIP totaled approximately 4.0 million equivalent shares as of December 31, 2019. The fair value of the liability recorded for the vested portion of these instruments was $82.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Note 21
Employee Benefit Plans
The company has defined benefit pension plans for many employees. The company typically prefunds defined benefit plans as required by local regulations or in certain situations where prefunding provides economic advantages. In the United States, all qualified plans are subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) minimum funding standard. The company does not typically fund U.S. nonqualified pension plans that are not subject to funding requirements under laws and regulations because contributions to these pension plans may be less economic and investment returns may be less attractive than the company’s other investment alternatives.
The company also sponsors other postretirement benefit (OPEB) plans that provide medical and dental benefits, as well as life insurance for some active and qualifying retired employees. The plans are unfunded, and the company and retirees share the costs. For the company’s main U.S. medical plan, the increase to the pre-Medicare company contribution for retiree medical coverage is limited to no more than 4 percent each year. Certain life insurance benefits are paid by the company.
The company recognizes the overfunded or underfunded status of each of its defined benefit pension and OPEB plans as an asset or liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The funded status of the company’s pension and OPEB plans for 2019 and 2018 follows:
Pension Benefits
Other Benefits
U.S.
Int’l.
U.S.
Int’l.
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation at January 1
$
11,726
$
4,820
$
13,580
$
5,540
$
2,430
$
2,788
Service cost
Interest cost
Plan participants’ contributions
-
-
Plan amendments
-
-
-
Actuarial (gain) loss
2,922
(1,051
)
(239
)
(272
)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
-
-
(227
)
(9
)
Benefits paid
(1,035
)
(302
)
(1,653
)
(432
)
(240
)
(237
)
Divestitures/Acquisitions
-
-
(196
)
(1
)
(49
)
Curtailment
-
(3
)
-
-
-
-
Benefit obligation at December 31
14,465
5,680
11,726
4,820
2,520
2,430
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets at January 1
8,532
4,142
9,948
4,766
-
-
Actual return on plan assets
1,548
(566
)
(9
)
-
-
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
-
-
(221
)
-
-
Employer contributions
1,096
Plan participants’ contributions
-
-
Benefits paid
(1,035
)
(302
)
(1,653
)
(432
)
(240
)
(237
)
Divestitures/Acquisitions
-
-
(198
)
-
-
Fair value of plan assets at December 31
10,177
4,791
8,532
4,142
-
-
Funded status at December 31
$
(4,288
)
$
(889
)
$
(3,194
)
$
(678
)
$
(2,520
)
$
(2,430
)
Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for the company’s pension and OPEB plans at December 31, 2019 and 2018, include:
Pension Benefits
Other Benefits
U.S.
Int’l.
U.S.
Int’l.
Deferred charges and other assets
$
$
$
$
$
-
$
-
Accrued liabilities
(239
)
(71
)
(180
)
(66
)
(174
)
(175
)
Noncurrent employee benefit plans
(4,072
)
(1,231
)
(3,031
)
(1,024
)
(2,346
)
(2,255
)
Net amount recognized at December 31
$
(4,288
)
$
(889
)
$
(3,194
)
$
(678
)
$
(2,520
)
$
(2,430
)
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Amounts recognized on a before-tax basis in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” for the company’s pension and OPEB plans were $6,357 and $4,448 at the end of 2019 and 2018, respectively. These amounts consisted of:
Pension Benefits
Other Benefits
U.S.
Int’l.
U.S.
Int’l.
Net actuarial loss
$
5,135
$
1,269
$
3,694
$
$
$
(56
)
Prior service (credit) costs
(228
)
(256
)
Total recognized at December 31
$
5,140
$
1,371
$
3,701
$
1,059
$
(154
)
$
(312
)
The accumulated benefit obligations for all U.S. and international pension plans were $12,781 and $5,203, respectively, at December 31, 2019, and $10,514 and $4,360, respectively, at December 31, 2018.
Information for U.S. and international pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets at December 31, 2019 and 2018, was:
Pension Benefits
U.S.
Int’l.
U.S.
Int’l.
Projected benefit obligations
$
14,401
$
1,554
$
11,667
$
1,277
Accumulated benefit obligations
12,718
1,268
10,456
1,062
Fair value of plan assets
10,091
8,456
The components of net periodic benefit cost and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for 2019, 2018 and 2017 are shown in the table below:
Pension Benefits
Other Benefits
U.S.
Int’l.
U.S.
Int’l.
U.S.
Int’l.
Net Periodic Benefit Cost
Service cost
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets
(565
)
(231
)
(636
)
(253
)
(597
)
(239
)
-
-
-
Amortization of prior service costs (credits)
(5
)
(28
)
(28
)
(28
)
Recognized actuarial losses
(3
)
(5
)
Settlement losses
-
-
-
Curtailment losses (gains)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total net periodic benefit cost
1,029
Changes Recognized in Comprehensive Income
Net actuarial (gain) loss during period
1,939
(94
)
(248
)
Amortization of actuarial loss
(498
)
(24
)
(715
)
(62
)
(776
)
(46
)
(15
)
Prior service (credits) costs during period
-
-
-
(1
)
-
Amortization of prior service (costs) credits
(2
)
(30
)
(2
)
(13
)
(13
)
Total changes recognized in other
comprehensive income
1,439
(566
)
(40
)
(390
)
(152
)
(232
)
Recognized in Net Periodic Benefit Cost and Other Comprehensive Income
$
2,177
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
(109
)
$
Net actuarial losses recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” at December 31, 2019, for the company’s U.S. pension, international pension and OPEB plans are being amortized on a straight-line basis over approximately 10, 12 and 14 years, respectively. These amortization periods represent the estimated average remaining service of employees expected to receive benefits under the plans. These losses are amortized to the extent they exceed 10 percent of the higher of the projected benefit obligation or market-related value of plan assets. The amount subject to amortization is determined on a plan-by-plan basis. During 2020, the company estimates actuarial losses of $385, $46 and $3 will be amortized from “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” for U.S. pension, international pension and OPEB plans, respectively. In addition, the company estimates an additional $320 will be recognized from “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” during 2020 related to lump-sum settlement costs from the main U.S. pension plans.
The weighted average amortization period for recognizing prior service costs (credits) recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” at December 31, 2019, was approximately 3 and 6 years for U.S. and international pension plans, respectively, and 8 years for OPEB plans. During 2020, the company estimates prior service (credits) costs of $2, $10 and
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
$(28) will be amortized from “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” for U.S. pension, international pension and OPEB plans, respectively.
Assumptions The following weighted-average assumptions were used to determine benefit obligations and net periodic benefit costs for years ended December 31:
Pension Benefits
Other Benefits
U.S.
Int’l.
U.S.
Int’l.
U.S.
Int’l.
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:
Discount rate
3.1
%
3.2
%
4.2
%
4.4
%
3.5
%
3.9
%
3.2
%
4.4
%
3.8
%
Rate of compensation increase
4.5
%
4.0
%
4.5
%
4.0
%
4.5
%
4.0
%
N/A
N/A
N/A
Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount rate for service cost
4.4
%
4.4
%
3.7
%
3.9
%
4.2
%
4.3
%
4.6
%
3.9
%
4.6
%
Discount rate for interest cost
3.7
%
4.4
%
3.0
%
3.9
%
3.0
%
4.3
%
4.2
%
3.5
%
3.8
%
Expected return on plan assets
6.8
%
5.6
%
6.8
%
5.5
%
6.8
%
5.5
%
N/A
N/A
N/A
Rate of compensation increase
4.5
%
4.0
%
4.5
%
4.0
%
4.5
%
4.5
%
N/A
N/A
N/A
Expected Return on Plan Assets The company’s estimated long-term rates of return on pension assets are driven primarily by actual historical asset-class returns, an assessment of expected future performance, advice from external actuarial firms and the incorporation of specific asset-class risk factors. Asset allocations are periodically updated using pension plan asset/liability studies, and the company’s estimated long-term rates of return are consistent with these studies.
For 2019, the company used an expected long-term rate of return of 6.75 percent for U.S. pension plan assets, which account for 68 percent of the company’s pension plan assets. In both 2018 and 2017, the company used a long-term rate of return of 6.75 percent for these plans.
The market-related value of assets of the main U.S. pension plan used in the determination of pension expense was based on the market values in the three months preceding the year-end measurement date. Management considers the three-month time period long enough to minimize the effects of distortions from day-to-day market volatility and still be contemporaneous to the end of the year. For other plans, market value of assets as of year-end is used in calculating the pension expense.
Discount Rate The discount rate assumptions used to determine the U.S. and international pension and OPEB plan obligations and expense reflect the rate at which benefits could be effectively settled, and are equal to the equivalent single rate resulting from yield curve analysis. This analysis considered the projected benefit payments specific to the company’s plans and the yields on high-quality bonds. The projected cash flows were discounted to the valuation date using the yield curve for the main U.S. pension and OPEB plans. The effective discount rates derived from this analysis at the end of 2019 were 3.1 percent for the main U.S. pension plan and 3.1 percent for the main U.S. OPEB plan. The discount rates for these plans at the end of 2018 were 4.2 and 4.3 percent, respectively, while in 2017 they were 3.5 and 3.6 percent for these plans, respectively.
Other Benefit Assumptions Assumed health care cost-trend rates can have a significant effect on the amounts reported for retiree health care costs. For the measurement of accumulated postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 2019, for the main U.S. OPEB plan, the assumed health care cost-trend rates start with 6.8 percent in 2020 and gradually decline to 4.5 percent for 2025 and beyond. For this measurement at December 31, 2018, the assumed health care cost-trend rates started with 7.2 percent in 2019 and gradually declined to 4.5 percent for 2025 and beyond. A 1-percentage-point change in the assumed health care cost-trend rates would have the following effects on worldwide plans:
1 Percent Increase
1 Percent Decrease
Effect on total service and interest cost components
$
$
(15
)
Effect on postretirement benefit obligation
$
$
(176
)
Plan Assets and Investment Strategy
The fair value measurements of the company’s pension plans for 2019 and 2018 are on the following page:
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
U.S.
Int’l.
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
NAV
Total
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
NAV
At December 31, 2018
Equities
U.S.1
$
1,110
$
1,110
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
$
$
-
$
-
$
-
International
1,631
1,630
-
-
-
-
Collective Trusts/Mutual Funds2
-
-
-
-
Fixed Income
Government
-
-
-
-
-
Corporate
1,382
-
1,382
-
-
-
-
Bank Loans
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mortgage/Asset Backed
-
-
-
-
-
-
Collective Trusts/Mutual Funds2
-
-
-
1,521
-
-
1,506
Mixed Funds3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Real Estate4
1,065
-
-
-
1,065
-
-
Alternative Investments5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cash and Cash Equivalents
-
-
-
Other6
(4
)
-
-
Total at December 31, 2018
$
8,532
$
2,965
$
1,758
$
$
3,760
$
4,142
$
1,441
$
$
$
1,979
At December 31, 2019
Equities
U.S.1
$
1,769
$
1,769
$
-
$
-
$
-
$
$
$
-
$
-
$
-
International
1,958
1,958
-
-
-
-
-
Collective Trusts/Mutual Funds2
1,079
-
-
1,027
-
-
Fixed Income
Government
-
-
-
-
-
Corporate
1,444
-
1,444
-
-
-
-
Bank Loans
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Mortgage/Asset Backed
-
-
-
-
-
-
Collective Trusts/Mutual Funds2
-
-
-
2,230
-
-
2,225
Mixed Funds3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Real Estate4
1,089
-
-
-
1,089
-
-
Alternative Investments5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cash and Cash Equivalents
-
-
-
Other6
(5
)
-
-
Total at December 31, 2019
$
10,177
$
4,002
$
2,117
$
$
4,007
$
4,791
$
1,388
$
$
$
2,627
U.S. equities include investments in the company’s common stock in the amount of $6 at December 31, 2019, and $9 at December 31, 2018.
Collective Trusts/Mutual Funds for U.S. plans are entirely index funds; for International plans, they are mostly unit trust and index funds.
Mixed funds are composed of funds that invest in both equity and fixed-income instruments in order to diversify and lower risk.
The year-end valuations of the U.S. real estate assets are based on third-party appraisals that occur at least once a year for each property in the portfolio.
Alternative investments focus on market-neutral strategies that have a low expected correlation to traditional asset classes.
The “Other” asset class includes net payables for securities purchased but not yet settled (Level 1); dividends and interest- and tax-related receivables (Level 2); insurance contracts (Level 3); and investments in private-equity limited partnerships (NAV).
The effects of fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs on changes in Level 3 plan assets are outlined below:
Equity
Fixed Income
International
Corporate
Bank Loans
Real Estate
Other
Total
Total at December 31, 2017
$
-
$
$
$
$
$
Actual Return on Plan Assets:
Assets held at the reporting date
(2
)
-
-
Assets sold during the period
(4
)
-
-
-
-
(4
)
Purchases, Sales and Settlements
-
(7
)
(4
)
(13
)
-
(24
)
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3
-
(2
)
-
-
(1
)
Total at December 31, 2018
$
$
$
$
$
$
Actual Return on Plan Assets:
Assets held at the reporting date
(1
)
-
-
(1
)
(1
)
Assets sold during the period
-
-
-
-
-
-
Purchases, Sales and Settlements
-
(19
)
-
(1
)
(19
)
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3
-
-
-
Total at December 31, 2019
$
$
$
$
$
$
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
The primary investment objectives of the pension plans are to achieve the highest rate of total return within prudent levels of risk and liquidity, to diversify and mitigate potential downside risk associated with the investments, and to provide adequate liquidity for benefit payments and portfolio management.
The company’s U.S. and U.K. pension plans comprise 92 percent of the total pension assets. Both the U.S. and U.K. plans have an Investment Committee that regularly meets during the year to review the asset holdings and their returns. To assess the plans’ investment performance, long-term asset allocation policy benchmarks have been established.
For the primary U.S. pension plan, the company’s Investment Committee has established the following approved asset allocation ranges: Equities 30-60 percent, Fixed Income 20-40 percent, Real Estate 0-15 percent, Alternative Investments 0-15 percent and Cash 0-25 percent. For the U.K. pension plan, the U.K. Board of Trustees has established the following asset allocation guidelines: Equities 10-30 percent, Fixed Income 55-85 percent, Real Estate 5-15 percent, and Cash 0-5 percent. The other significant international pension plans also have established maximum and minimum asset allocation ranges that vary by plan. Actual asset allocation within approved ranges is based on a variety of factors, including market conditions and illiquidity constraints. To mitigate concentration and other risks, assets are invested across multiple asset classes with active investment managers and passive index funds.
The company does not prefund its OPEB obligations.
Cash Contributions and Benefit Payments In 2019, the company contributed $1,096 and $266 to its U.S. and international pension plans, respectively. In 2020, the company expects contributions to be approximately $1,250 to its U.S. plans and $250 to its international pension plans. Actual contribution amounts are dependent upon investment returns, changes in pension obligations, regulatory environments, tax law changes and other economic factors. Additional funding may ultimately be required if investment returns are insufficient to offset increases in plan obligations.
The company anticipates paying OPEB benefits of approximately $174 in 2020; $168 was paid in 2019.
The following benefit payments, which include estimated future service, are expected to be paid by the company in the next 10 years:
Pension Benefits
Other
U.S.
Int’l.
Benefits
$
1,262
$
$
$
1,176
$
$
$
1,160
$
$
$
1,150
$
$
$
1,134
$
$
2024-2028
$
5,232
$
1,434
$
Employee Savings Investment Plan Eligible employees of Chevron and certain of its subsidiaries participate in the Chevron Employee Savings Investment Plan (ESIP). Compensation expense for the ESIP totaled $284, $270 and $316 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Benefit Plan Trusts Prior to its acquisition by Chevron, Texaco established a benefit plan trust for funding obligations under some of its benefit plans. At year-end 2019, the trust contained 14.2 million shares of Chevron treasury stock. The trust will sell the shares or use the dividends from the shares to pay benefits only to the extent that the company does not pay such benefits. The company intends to continue to pay its obligations under the benefit plans. The trustee will vote the shares held in the trust as instructed by the trust’s beneficiaries. The shares held in the trust are not considered outstanding for earnings-per-share purposes until distributed or sold by the trust in payment of benefit obligations.
Prior to its acquisition by Chevron, Unocal established various grantor trusts to fund obligations under some of its benefit plans, including the deferred compensation and supplemental retirement plans. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, trust assets of $35 and $34, respectively, were invested primarily in interest-earning accounts.
Employee Incentive Plans The Chevron Incentive Plan is an annual cash bonus plan for eligible employees that links awards to corporate, business unit and individual performance in the prior year. Charges to expense for cash bonuses were $826, $1,048 and $936 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Chevron also has the LTIP for officers and other regular salaried employees of the company and its subsidiaries who hold positions of significant responsibility. Awards under the LTIP consist of stock options and other share-based compensation that are described in Note 20, beginning on page 80.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Note 22
Other Contingencies and Commitments
Income Taxes The company calculates its income tax expense and liabilities quarterly. These liabilities generally are subject to audit and are not finalized with the individual taxing authorities until several years after the end of the annual period for which income taxes have been calculated. Refer to Note 15, beginning on page 74, for a discussion of the periods for which tax returns have been audited for the company’s major tax jurisdictions and a discussion for all tax jurisdictions of the differences between the amount of tax benefits recognized in the financial statements and the amount taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.
Settlement of open tax years, as well as other tax issues in countries where the company conducts its businesses, are not expected to have a material effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the company and, in the opinion of management, adequate provisions have been made for all years under examination or subject to future examination.
Guarantees The company has two guarantees to equity affiliates totaling $704. Of this amount, $412 is associated with a financing arrangement with an equity affiliate. Over the approximate 2-year remaining term of this guarantee, the maximum amount will be reduced as payments are made by the affiliate. The remaining amount of $292 is associated with certain payments under a terminal use agreement entered into by an equity affiliate. Over the approximate 8-year remaining term of this guarantee, the maximum guarantee amount will be reduced as certain fees are paid by the affiliate. There are numerous cross-indemnity agreements with the affiliate and the other partners to permit recovery of amounts paid under the guarantee. Chevron has recorded no liability for either guarantee.
Indemnifications In the acquisition of Unocal, the company assumed certain indemnities relating to contingent environmental liabilities associated with assets that were sold in 1997. The acquirer of those assets shared in certain environmental remediation costs up to a maximum obligation of $200, which had been reached at December 31, 2009. Under the indemnification agreement, after reaching the $200 obligation, Chevron is solely responsible until April 2022, when the indemnification expires. The environmental conditions or events that are subject to these indemnities must have arisen prior to the sale of the assets in 1997.
Although the company has provided for known obligations under this indemnity that are probable and reasonably estimable, the amount of additional future costs may be material to results of operations in the period in which they are recognized. The company does not expect these costs will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position or liquidity.
Long-Term Unconditional Purchase Obligations and Commitments, Including Throughput and Take-or-Pay Agreements The company and its subsidiaries have certain contingent liabilities with respect to long-term unconditional purchase obligations and commitments, including throughput and take-or-pay agreements, some of which may relate to suppliers’ financing arrangements. The agreements typically provide goods and services, such as pipeline and storage capacity, utilities, and petroleum products, to be used or sold in the ordinary course of the company’s business. The aggregate approximate amounts of required payments under these various commitments are: 2020 - $900; 2021 - $1,100; 2022 - $1,100; 2023 - $1,200; 2024 - $1,200; 2025 and after - $7,200. A portion of these commitments may ultimately be shared with project partners. Total payments under the agreements were approximately $800 in 2019, $1,400 in 2018 and $1,300 in 2017.
As part of the implementation of ASU 2016-02, the company assessed some contracts, previously incorporated into the unconditional purchase obligations disclosure, as operating leases in 2019.
Environmental The company is subject to loss contingencies pursuant to laws, regulations, private claims and legal proceedings related to environmental matters that are subject to legal settlements or that in the future may require the company to take action to correct or ameliorate the effects on the environment of prior release of chemicals or petroleum substances, including MTBE, by the company or other parties. Such contingencies may exist for various operating, closed and divested sites, including, but not limited to, federal Superfund sites and analogous sites under state laws, refineries, chemical plants, marketing facilities, crude oil fields, and mining sites.
Although the company has provided for known environmental obligations that are probable and reasonably estimable, it is likely that the company will continue to incur additional liabilities. The amount of additional future costs are not fully determinable due to such factors as the unknown magnitude of possible contamination, the unknown timing and extent of the corrective actions that may be required, the determination of the company’s liability in proportion to other responsible parties, and the extent to which such costs are recoverable from third parties. These future costs may be material to results of operations in the period in which they are recognized, but the company does not expect these costs will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position or liquidity.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Chevron’s environmental reserve as of December 31, 2019, was $1,234. Included in this balance was $266 related to remediation activities at approximately 145 sites for which the company had been identified as a potentially responsible party under the provisions of the federal Superfund law or analogous state laws which provide for joint and several liability for all responsible parties. Any future actions by regulatory agencies to require Chevron to assume other potentially responsible parties’ costs at designated hazardous waste sites are not expected to have a material effect on the company’s results of operations, consolidated financial position or liquidity.
Of the remaining year-end 2019 environmental reserves balance of $968, $667 is related to the company’s U.S. downstream operations, $28 to its international downstream operations, $272 to upstream operations and $1 to other businesses. Liabilities at all sites were primarily associated with the company’s plans and activities to remediate soil or groundwater contamination or both.
The company manages environmental liabilities under specific sets of regulatory requirements, which in the United States include the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and various state and local regulations. No single remediation site at year-end 2019 had a recorded liability that was material to the company’s results of operations, consolidated financial position or liquidity.
Refer to Note 23 on page 89 for a discussion of the company’s asset retirement obligations.
Other Contingencies Governmental and other entities in California and other jurisdictions have filed legal proceedings against fossil fuel producing companies, including Chevron, purporting to seek legal and equitable relief to address alleged impacts of climate change. Further such proceedings are likely to be filed by other parties. The unprecedented legal theories set forth in these proceedings entail the possibility of damages liability and injunctions against the production of all fossil fuels that, while we believe remote, could have a material adverse effect on the company’s results of operations and financial condition. Management believes that these proceedings are legally and factually meritless and detract from constructive efforts to address the important policy issues presented by climate change, and will vigorously defend against such proceedings.
Chevron has interests in Venezuelan crude oil production assets operated by independent equity affiliates. During 2019, net oil equivalent production in Venezuela averaged 35,000 barrels per day, 3,000 barrels per day of which was upgraded to synthetic crude. Synthetic crude production in 2019 was impacted by operating conditions, including a shutdown of the Petropiar heavy oil upgrader for part of the year. The operating environment in Venezuela has been deteriorating for some time. In January 2019, the United States government issued sanctions against the Venezuelan national oil company, Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PdVSA), which is the company’s partner in the equity affiliates. The company is conducting its business pursuant to general licenses and guidance issued coincident with the sanctions. In late July 2019, the United States government renewed General License 8A with the issuance of General License 8B, subsequently superseded by General License 8C issued on August 5, 2019. The authorization provided to Chevron under General License 8C was extended by General License 8D on October 21, 2019 and General License 8E issued by the United States government on January 17, 2020. General License 8E enables the company to continue to meet its contractual obligations in Venezuela with PdVSA and is effective until April 22, 2020.
At December 31, 2019, the carrying value of the company’s investments was approximately $2,650 and for the year ended December 31, 2019, the company recognized losses of $54 for its share of net income from the equity affiliates, and for demurrage, foreign exchange losses and other costs incurred in support of the company’s operations in Venezuela. Future events could result in the environment in Venezuela becoming more challenged, which could lead to increased business disruption and volatility in the associated financial results. The company continues to evaluate the carrying value of its Venezuelan investments in line with its accounting policies. Future events related to the company’s activities in Venezuela may result in significant impacts on the company’s results of operation in subsequent periods. Please see Note 13, “Investments and Advances”, on page 71 for further information on the company’s investments in equity affiliates in Venezuela.
Chevron receives claims from and submits claims to customers; trading partners; joint venture partners; U.S. federal, state and local regulatory bodies; governments; contractors; insurers; suppliers; and individuals. The amounts of these claims, individually and in the aggregate, may be significant and take lengthy periods to resolve, and may result in gains or losses in future periods.
The company and its affiliates also continue to review and analyze their operations and may close, retire, sell, exchange, acquire or restructure assets to achieve operational or strategic benefits and to improve competitiveness and profitability. These activities, individually or together, may result in significant gains or losses in future periods.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Note 23
Asset Retirement Obligations
The company records the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation (ARO) both as an asset and a liability when there is a legal obligation associated with the retirement of a tangible long-lived asset and the liability can be reasonably estimated. The legal obligation to perform the asset retirement activity is unconditional, even though uncertainty may exist about the timing and/or method of settlement that may be beyond the company’s control. This uncertainty about the timing and/or method of settlement is factored into the measurement of the liability when sufficient information exists to reasonably estimate fair value. Recognition of the ARO includes: (1) the present value of a liability and offsetting asset, (2) the subsequent accretion of that liability and depreciation of the asset, and (3) the periodic review of the ARO liability estimates and discount rates.
AROs are primarily recorded for the company’s crude oil and natural gas producing assets. No significant AROs associated with any legal obligations to retire downstream long-lived assets have been recognized, as indeterminate settlement dates for the asset retirements prevent estimation of the fair value of the associated ARO. The company performs periodic reviews of its downstream long-lived assets for any changes in facts and circumstances that might require recognition of a retirement obligation.
The following table indicates the changes to the company’s before-tax asset retirement obligations in 2019, 2018 and 2017:
Balance at January 1
$
14,050
$
14,214
$
14,243
Liabilities incurred
Liabilities settled
(1,694
)
(830
)
(1,721
)
Accretion expense
Revisions in estimated cash flows
(184
)
(84
)
Balance at December 31
$
12,832
$
14,050
$
14,214
In the table above, the amount associated with “Revisions in estimated cash flows” in 2019 reflects decreased cost estimates to decommission wells, equipment and facilities. The long-term portion of the $12,832 balance at the end of 2019 was $11,592.
Note 24
Revenue
Revenue from contracts with customers is presented in “Sales and other operating revenue” along with some activity that is accounted for outside the scope of Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) 606, which is not material to this line, on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Purchases and sales of inventory with the same counterparty that are entered into in contemplation of one another (including buy/sell arrangements) are combined and recorded on a net basis and reported in “purchased crude oil and products” on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Refer to Note 12 beginning on page 68 for additional information on the company’s segmentation of revenue.
Receivables related to revenue from contracts with customers are included in “Accounts and notes receivable, net” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. The net balance of these receivables was $9,247 and $10,046 at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Other items included in “Accounts and notes receivable, net” represent amounts due from partners for their share of joint venture operating and project costs and amounts due from others, primarily related to derivatives, leases, buy/sell arrangements and product exchanges, which are accounted for outside the scope of ASC 606.
Contract assets and related costs are reflected in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets” and contract liabilities are reflected in “Accrued liabilities” and “Deferred credits and other noncurrent obligations” on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Amounts for these items are not material to the company’s financial position.
Note 25
Other Financial Information
Earnings in 2019 included after-tax gains of approximately $1,500 relating to the sale of certain properties. Of this amount, approximately $50 and $1,450 related to downstream and upstream, respectively. Earnings in 2018 included after-tax gains of approximately $630 relating to the sale of certain properties, of which approximately $365 and $265 related to downstream and upstream assets, respectively. Earnings in 2019 included after-tax charges of approximately $10,400 for impairments and other asset write-offs related to upstream. Earnings in 2018 included after-tax charges of approximately $2,000 for impairments and other asset write-offs related to upstream.
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Millions of dollars, except per-share amounts
Other financial information is as follows:
Year ended December 31
Total financing interest and debt costs
$
$
$
Less: Capitalized interest
Interest and debt expense
$
$
$
Research and development expenses
$
$
$
Excess of replacement cost over the carrying value of inventories (LIFO method)
$
4,513
$
5,134
$
3,937
LIFO profits (losses) on inventory drawdowns included in earnings
$
(9
)
$
$
(5
)
Foreign currency effects*
$
(304
)
$
$
(446
)
* Includes $(28), $416 and $(45) in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for the company’s share of equity affiliates’ foreign currency effects.
The company has $4,463 in goodwill on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, all of which is in the upstream segment and primarily related to the 2005 acquisition of Unocal. The company tested this goodwill for impairment during 2019, and no impairment was required.
Note 26
Summarized Financial Data - Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC
Chevron has a 50 percent equity ownership interest in Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC (CPChem). Refer to Note 13, on page 72, for a discussion of CPChem operations. Summarized financial information for 100 percent of CPChem is presented in the table below:
Year ended December 31
Sales and other operating revenues
$
9,333
$
11,310
$
9,063
Costs and other deductions
7,863
9,812
8,126
Net income attributable to CPChem
1,760
2,069
1,446
At December 31
Current assets
$
2,554
$
2,820
Other assets
14,314
13,790
Current liabilities
1,247
1,281
Other liabilities
3,174
2,892
Total CPChem net equity
$
12,447
$
12,437
Five-Year Financial Summary
Unaudited
Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited
In accordance with FASB and SEC disclosure requirements for oil and gas producing activities, this section provides supplemental information on oil and gas exploration and producing activities of the company in seven separate tables. Tables I through IV provide historical cost information pertaining to costs incurred in exploration, property acquisitions and development; capitalized costs; and results of operations. Tables V through VII present information on the company’s estimated net proved reserve quantities, standardized measure of estimated discounted future net cash flows related to proved reserves,
Table I - Costs Incurred in Exploration, Property Acquisitions and Development1
Consolidated Companies
Affiliated Companies
Other
Australia/
Millions of dollars
U.S.
Americas
Africa
Asia
Oceania
Europe
Total
TCO4
Other
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Exploration
Wells
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
-
$
-
Geological and geophysical
-
-
Other
-
Total exploration
1,178
-
Property acquisitions2
Proved
-
-
-
-
-
Unproved
-
-
-
-
Total property acquisitions
-
-
-
-
Development3
7,072
1,216
1,020
10,304
5,112
Total Costs Incurred5
$
8,014
$
1,614
$
$
1,166
$
$
$
11,926
$
5,112
$
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Exploration
Wells
$
$
$
$
$
-
$
$
$
-
$
-
Geological and geophysical
-
-
Other
-
-
Total exploration
1,194
-
-
Property acquisitions2
Proved
-
-
-
-
-
Unproved
-
-
-
-
Total property acquisitions
-
-
-
-
Development3
6,245
1,095
10,030
4,963
Total Costs Incurred5
$
7,239
$
1,511
$
$
1,332
$
$
$
12,083
$
4,963
$
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Exploration
Wells
$
$
$
$
$
-
$
$
$
-
$
-
Geological and geophysical
-
-
Other
-
-
Total exploration
1,193
-
-
Property acquisitions2
Proved
-
-
-
-
-
-
Unproved
-
-
-
-
Total property acquisitions
-
-
-
-
Development3
4,346
1,136
1,324
2,580
10,451
3,683
Total Costs Incurred5
$
5,216
$
1,025
$
1,233
$
1,534
$
2,660
$
$
11,937
$
3,683
$
Includes costs incurred whether capitalized or expensed. Excludes general support equipment expenditures. Includes capitalized amounts related to asset retirement obligations. See Note 23, “Asset Retirement Obligations,” on page 89.
Does not include properties acquired in nonmonetary transactions.
Includes $246, $114 and $84 of costs incurred on major capital projects prior to assignment of proved reserves for consolidated companies in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
2017 and 2018 conformed to 2019 presentation
Reconciliation of consolidated and affiliated companies total cost incurred to Upstream capital and exploratory (C&E) expenditures - $ billions:
Total cost incurred
$
17.2
$
17.2
$
15.7
Non-oil and gas activities
0.3
0.6
1.3
(Primarily; LNG and transportation activities.)
ARO reduction/(build)
0.3
(0.1
)
(0.6
)
Upstream C&E
$
17.8
$
17.7
$
16.4
Reference page 39 Upstream total
Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited
and changes in estimated discounted future net cash flows. The amounts for consolidated companies are organized by geographic areas including the United States, Other Americas, Africa, Asia, Australia/Oceania and Europe. Amounts for affiliated companies include Chevron’s equity interests in Tengizchevroil (TCO) in the Republic of Kazakhstan and in other affiliates, principally in Venezuela and Angola. Refer to Note 13, beginning on page 71, for a discussion of the company’s major equity affiliates.
Table II - Capitalized Costs Related to Oil and Gas Producing Activities
Consolidated Companies
Affiliated Companies
Other
Australia/
Millions of dollars
U.S.
Americas
Africa
Asia
Oceania
Europe
Total
TCO*
Other
At December 31, 2019
Unproved properties
$
4,620
$
2,492
$
$
1,081
$
1,986
$
-
$
10,330
$
$
-
Proved properties and
related producing assets
82,199
24,189
45,756
56,648
22,032
2,082
232,906
10,757
4,311
Support equipment
2,287
1,098
2,075
18,610
-
24,381
1,981
-
Deferred exploratory wells
1,322
3,041
-
-
Other uncompleted projects
5,080
1,176
1,023
8,725
16,503
Gross Capitalized Costs
94,719
27,644
48,586
61,243
44,973
2,218
279,383
29,349
5,054
Unproved properties valuation
3,964
1,271
-
6,306
-
Proved producing properties - Depreciation and depletion
56,911
12,644
33,613
44,871
6,064
154,507
6,018
1,912
Support equipment depreciation
1,635
1,605
2,272
-
6,510
1,053
-
Accumulated provisions
62,510
14,141
34,505
47,318
8,445
167,323
7,136
1,912
Net Capitalized Costs
$
32,209
$
13,503
$
14,081
$
13,925
$
36,528
$
1,814
$
112,060
$
22,213
$
3,142
At December 31, 2018
Unproved properties
$
4,687
$
2,463
$
$
1,299
$
1,986
$
-
$
10,636
$
$
-
Proved properties and
related producing assets
75,013
21,796
44,876
57,168
22,047
12,634
233,534
9,892
4,336
Support equipment
2,216
1,096
2,149
17,712
23,614
1,858
-
Deferred exploratory wells
1,323
3,563
-
-
Other uncompleted projects
4,730
3,704
1,744
1,292
1,462
13,232
12,311
Gross Capitalized Costs
87,428
28,440
48,322
62,540
44,530
13,319
284,579
24,169
4,941
Unproved properties valuation
-
2,408
-
Proved producing properties - Depreciation and depletion
45,712
12,984
31,102
43,735
4,631
10,014
148,178
5,276
1,730
Support equipment depreciation
1,466
1,674
1,531
5,748
-
Accumulated provisions
47,998
13,898
32,004
46,032
6,269
10,133
156,334
6,284
1,730
Net Capitalized Costs
$
39,430
$
14,542
$
16,318
$
16,508
$
38,261
$
3,186
$
128,245
$
17,885
$
3,211
At December 31, 2017
Unproved properties
$
6,466
$
2,314
$
$
1,420
$
1,986
$
$
12,449
$
$
-
Proved properties and
related producing assets
66,390
20,696
43,656
55,616
21,544
10,697
218,599
8,956
4,346
Support equipment
2,248
1,104
2,050
15,599
21,470
1,731
-
Deferred exploratory wells
1,323
3,702
-
-
Other uncompleted projects
8,333
3,624
2,528
1,889
3,238
1,966
21,578
8,408
Gross Capitalized Costs
84,406
27,152
47,934
61,537
43,690
13,079
277,798
19,203
4,803
Unproved properties valuation
2,659
-
Proved producing properties - Depreciation and depletion
43,286
11,795
27,916
40,234
3,193
9,306
135,730
4,674
1,468
Support equipment depreciation
1,359
1,584
4,875
-
Accumulated provisions
45,622
12,877
28,790
42,353
4,170
9,452
143,264
5,578
1,468
Net Capitalized Costs
$
38,784
$
14,275
$
19,144
$
19,184
$
39,520
$
3,627
$
134,534
$
13,625
$
3,335
* 2017 and 2018 conformed to 2019 presentation
Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited
Table III - Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities1
The company’s results of operations from oil and gas producing activities for the years 2019, 2018 and 2017 are shown in the following table. Net income (loss) from exploration and production activities as reported on page 69 reflects income taxes computed on an effective rate basis.
Income taxes in Table III are based on statutory tax rates, reflecting allowable deductions and tax credits. Interest income and expense are excluded from the results reported in Table III and from the net income amounts on page 69.
Consolidated Companies
Affiliated Companies
Other
Australia/
Millions of dollars
U.S.
Americas
Africa
Asia
Oceania
Europe
Total
TCO2
Other
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Revenues from net production
Sales
$
2,259
$
$
$
7,410
$
4,332
$
$
16,124
$
5,603
$
Transfers
11,043
2,160
6,534
1,311
2,596
24,299
-
-
Total
13,302
3,023
7,202
8,721
6,928
1,247
40,423
5,603
Production expenses excluding taxes
(3,567
)
(1,020
)
(1,460
)
(2,703
)
(616
)
(343
)
(9,709
)
(475
)
(247
)
Taxes other than on income
(595
)
(64
)
(101
)
(16
)
(221
)
(2
)
(999
)
(57
)
(10
)
Proved producing properties:
Depreciation and depletion
(11,659
)
(1,380
)
(2,548
)
(3,165
)
(2,192
)
(85
)
(21,029
)
(870
)
(211
)
Accretion expense3
(191
)
(21
)
(148
)
(133
)
(53
)
(37
)
(583
)
(5
)
(8
)
Exploration expenses
(293
)
(211
)
(73
)
(93
)
(60
)
(10
)
(740
)
-
(8
)
Unproved properties valuation
(3,268
)
(591
)
(2
)
(388
)
(2
)
-
(4,251
)
(4
)
-
Other income (expense)4
(51
)
(44
)
(121
)
1,373
1,623
(157
)
Results before income taxes
(6,322
)
(308
)
2,749
2,636
3,837
2,143
4,735
4,193
Income tax (expense) benefit
1,311
(27
)
(1,731
)
(1,212
)
(1,161
)
(311
)
(3,131
)
(1,261
)
(73
)
Results of Producing Operations
$
(5,011
)
$
(335
)
$
1,018
$
1,424
$
2,676
$
1,832
$
1,604
$
2,932
$
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Revenues from net production
Sales
$
2,162
$
1,008
$
$
5,880
$
4,229
$
$
14,727
$
5,987
$
1,369
Transfers
11,645
1,808
7,829
3,206
3,413
1,071
28,972
-
-
Total
13,807
2,816
8,658
9,086
7,642
1,690
43,699
5,987
1,369
Production expenses excluding taxes
(3,203
)
(1,009
)
(1,564
)
(2,653
)
(557
)
(424
)
(9,410
)
(447
)
(295
)
Taxes other than on income
(540
)
(70
)
(112
)
(22
)
(250
)
(2
)
(996
)
(210
)
Proved producing properties:
Depreciation and depletion
(4,583
)
(998
)
(3,368
)
(3,714
)
(2,103
)
(411
)
(15,177
)
(711
)
(306
)
Accretion expense3
(186
)
(26
)
(149
)
(146
)
(50
)
(52
)
(609
)
(4
)
(3
)
Exploration expenses
(777
)
(191
)
(52
)
(58
)
(56
)
(41
)
(1,175
)
(3
)
(6
)
Unproved properties valuation
(516
)
(42
)
(3
)
(135
)
-
-
(696
)
-
-
Other income (expense)4
(33
)
(161
)
(280
)
Results before income taxes
4,338
3,507
2,325
4,657
15,910
5,052
Income tax (expense) benefit
(886
)
(400
)
(2,131
)
(1,088
)
(1,415
)
(233
)
(6,153
)
(1,519
)
Results of Producing Operations
$
3,452
$
$
1,376
$
1,237
$
3,242
$
$
9,757
$
3,533
$
The value of owned production consumed in operations as fuel has been eliminated from revenues and production expenses, and the related volumes have been deducted from net production in calculating the unit average sales price and production cost. This has no effect on the results of producing operations.
2017 and 2018 conformed to 2019 presentation.
Represents accretion of ARO liability. Refer to Note 23, “Asset Retirement Obligations,” on page 89.
Includes foreign currency gains and losses, gains and losses on property dispositions and other miscellaneous income and expenses.
Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited
Table III - Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities1, continued
Consolidated Companies
Affiliated Companies
Other
Australia/
Millions of dollars
U.S.
Americas
Africa
Asia
Oceania
Europe
Total
TCO2
Other
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Revenues from net production
Sales
$
1,548
$
$
$
5,381
$
2,061
$
$
10,848
$
4,509
$
1,218
Transfers
7,610
1,371
6,533
2,966
1,246
20,663
-
-
Total
9,158
2,370
7,020
8,347
2,998
1,618
31,511
4,509
1,218
Production expenses excluding taxes
(3,160
)
(1,021
)
(1,521
)
(2,670
)
(304
)
(415
)
(9,091
)
(425
)
(306
)
Taxes other than on income
(403
)
(85
)
(115
)
(11
)
(183
)
(3
)
(800
)
(121
)
Proved producing properties:
Depreciation and depletion
(5,092
)
(1,046
)
(3,531
)
(4,134
)
(1,176
)
(668
)
(15,647
)
(645
)
(365
)
Accretion expense3
(212
)
(23
)
(144
)
(155
)
(40
)
(60
)
(634
)
(3
)
(16
)
Exploration expenses
(299
)
(126
)
(65
)
(108
)
(85
)
(149
)
(832
)
-
-
Unproved properties valuation
(204
)
(259
)
(3
)
(52
)
-
-
(518
)
(3
)
-
Other income (expense)4
(87
)
(170
)
1,025
(14
)
Results before income taxes
(277
)
1,900
1,490
1,380
5,014
3,576
Income tax (expense) benefit
(88
)
(64
)
(1,199
)
(616
)
(413
)
(174
)
(2,554
)
(1,076
)
Results of Producing Operations
$
$
(341
)
$
$
$
$
(21
)
$
2,460
$
2,500
$
The value of owned production consumed in operations as fuel has been eliminated from revenues and production expenses, and the related volumes have been deducted from net production in calculating the unit average sales price and production cost. This has no effect on the results of producing operations.
2017 and 2018 conformed to 2019 presentation.
Represents accretion of ARO liability. Refer to Note 23, “Asset Retirement Obligations,” on page 89.
Includes foreign currency gains and losses, gains and losses on property dispositions and other miscellaneous income and expenses.
Table IV - Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unit Prices and Costs1
Consolidated Companies
Affiliated Companies
Other
Australia/
U.S.
Americas
Africa
Asia
Oceania
Europe
Total
TCO
Other
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Average sales prices
Liquids, per barrel
$
48.54
$
54.85
$
62.27
$
59.53
$
60.15
$
61.80
$
54.47
$
49.14
$
45.25
Natural gas, per thousand cubic feet
1.07
2.24
1.84
4.73
7.54
4.43
4.86
0.79
0.99
Average production costs, per barrel2
10.48
15.97
11.90
12.74
4.08
14.28
10.62
3.53
7.93
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Average sales prices
Liquids, per barrel
$
58.17
$
58.27
$
69.75
$
63.55
$
68.78
$
66.31
$
62.45
$
56.20
$
56.41
Natural gas, per thousand cubic feet
1.86
2.62
2.55
4.48
8.78
7.54
5.54
0.77
3.19
Average production costs, per barrel2
11.18
17.32
11.29
12.15
3.95
14.21
10.78
3.59
9.29
Year Ended December 31, 2017
Average sales prices
Liquids, per barrel
$
44.53
$
51.26
$
52.12
$
48.45
$
52.32
$
51.15
$
48.61
$
41.47
$
48.68
Natural gas, per thousand cubic feet
2.11
3.15
1.77
4.12
5.75
5.55
4.07
0.88
2.38
Average production costs, per barrel2
12.83
18.64
10.88
11.30
3.60
11.95
11.41
3.34
8.51
The value of owned production consumed in operations as fuel has been eliminated from revenues and production expenses, and the related volumes have been deducted from net production in calculating the unit average sales price and production cost. This has no effect on the results of producing operations.
Natural gas converted to oil-equivalent gas (OEG) barrels at a rate of 6 MCF = 1 OEG barrel.
Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited
Table V Reserve Quantity Information
Summary of Net Oil and Gas Reserves
Liquids in Millions of Barrels
Natural Gas in Billions of Cubic Feet
Crude Oil
Condensate
SyntheticOil
NGL
Natural
Gas
Crude Oil
Condensate
SyntheticOil
NGL
Natural
Gas
Crude Oil
Condensate
SyntheticOil
NGL
Natural
Gas
Proved Developed
Consolidated Companies
U.S.
1,121
-
2,998
1,061
-
2,396
-
2,096
Other Americas
Africa
-
1,472
-
1,316
-
1,276
Asia
-
-
3,382
-
-
4,021
-
-
4,463
Australia/Oceania
-
10,697
-
10,084
-
9,907
Europe
-
-
-
-
Total Consolidated
2,383
18,954
2,463
18,415
2,348
18,355
Affiliated Companies
TCO
-
1,135
-
1,179
-
1,300
Other
-
Total Consolidated and Affiliated Companies
3,081
20,397
3,166
19,902
3,138
19,925
Proved Undeveloped
Consolidated Companies
U.S.
-
1,730
-
4,313
-
3,084
Other Americas
-
-
-
Africa
-
1,286
-
1,499
-
1,630
Asia
-
-
-
-
-
-
Australia/Oceania
-
-
3,961
-
-
3,647
-
3,652
Europe
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total Consolidated
1,226
-
7,633
1,311
-
10,318
1,174
-
9,159
Affiliated Companies
TCO
-
-
-
Other
-
Total Consolidated and Affiliated Companies
2,160
-
9,060
2,179
11,674
2,097
10,811
Total Proved Reserves
5,241
29,457
5,345
31,576
5,235
30,736
Reserves Governance The company has adopted a comprehensive reserves and resource classification system modeled after a system developed and approved by a number of organizations including the Society of Petroleum Engineers, the World Petroleum Congress and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. The company classifies recoverable hydrocarbons into six categories based on their status at the time of reporting - three deemed commercial and three potentially recoverable. Within the commercial classification are proved reserves and two categories of unproved reserves: probable and possible. The potentially recoverable categories are also referred to as contingent resources. For reserves estimates to be classified as proved, they must meet all SEC and company standards.
Proved oil and gas reserves are the estimated quantities that geoscience and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be economically producible in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations. Net proved reserves exclude royalties and interests owned by others and reflect contractual arrangements and royalty obligations in effect at the time of the estimate.
Proved reserves are classified as either developed or undeveloped. Proved developed reserves are the quantities expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. Proved undeveloped reserves are the quantities expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.
Due to the inherent uncertainties and the limited nature of reservoir data, estimates of reserves are subject to change as additional information becomes available.
Proved reserves are estimated by company asset teams composed of earth scientists and engineers. As part of the internal control process related to reserves estimation, the company maintains a Reserves Advisory Committee (RAC) that is chaired by the Manager of Global Reserves, an organization that is separate from the Upstream operating organization. The Manager
Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited
of Global Reserves has more than 30 years’ experience working in the oil and gas industry and holds both undergraduate and graduate degrees in geoscience. His experience includes various technical and management roles in providing reserve and resource estimates in support of major capital and exploration projects, and more than 10 years of overseeing oil and gas reserves processes. He has been named a Distinguished Lecturer by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists and is an active member of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, the SEPM Society of Sedimentary Geologists and the Society of Petroleum Engineers.
All RAC members are degreed professionals, each with more than 10 years of experience in various aspects of reserves estimation relating to reservoir engineering, petroleum engineering, earth science or finance. The members are knowledgeable in SEC guidelines for proved reserves classification and receive annual training on the preparation of reserves estimates.
The RAC has the following primary responsibilities: establish the policies and processes used within the operating units to estimate reserves; provide independent reviews and oversight of the business units’ recommended reserves estimates and changes; confirm that proved reserves are recognized in accordance with SEC guidelines; determine that reserve volumes are calculated using consistent and appropriate standards, procedures and technology; and maintain the Chevron Corporation Reserves Manual, which provides standardized procedures used corporatewide for classifying and reporting hydrocarbon reserves.
During the year, the RAC is represented in meetings with each of the company’s upstream business units to review and discuss reserve changes recommended by the various asset teams. Major changes are also reviewed with the company’s senior leadership team including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer. The company’s annual reserve activity is also reviewed with the Board of Directors. If major changes to reserves were to occur between the annual reviews, those matters would also be discussed with the Board.
RAC subteams also conduct in-depth reviews during the year of many of the fields that have large proved reserves quantities. These reviews include an examination of the proved-reserve records and documentation of their compliance with the Chevron Corporation Reserves Manual.
Technologies Used in Establishing Proved Reserves Additions In 2019, additions to Chevron’s proved reserves were based on a wide range of geologic and engineering technologies. Information generated from wells, such as well logs, wire line sampling, production and pressure testing, fluid analysis, and core analysis, was integrated with seismic data, regional geologic studies, and information from analogous reservoirs to provide “reasonably certain” proved reserves estimates. Both proprietary and commercially available analytic tools, including reservoir simulation, geologic modeling and seismic processing, have been used in the interpretation of the subsurface data. These technologies have been utilized extensively by the company in the past, and the company believes that they provide a high degree of confidence in establishing reliable and consistent reserves estimates.
Proved Undeveloped Reserves At the end of 2019, proved undeveloped reserves totaled 4.0 billion barrels of oil-equivalent (BOE), a decrease of 641 million BOE from year-end 2018. The decrease was due to 685 million BOE in revisions, the transfer of 593 million BOE to proved developed and 31 million BOE in sales, partially offset by 635 million BOE in extensions and discoveries, 26 million BOE in acquisitions and 7 million BOE in improved recovery. A major portion of the reserves revisions are attributed to the company’s decision to reduce planned developments and evaluate strategic alternatives, including divestment scenarios for it’s acreage in the Appalachian region.
During 2019, investments totaling approximately $10.5 billion in oil and gas producing activities and about $0.1 billion in non-oil and gas producing activities were expended to advance the development of proved undeveloped reserves. In Asia, expenditures during the year totaled approximately $5.3 billion, primarily related to development projects of the TCO affiliate in Kazakhstan. The United States accounted for about $3.3 billion related primarily to various development activities in the Gulf of Mexico and the Midland and Delaware basins. In Africa, about $0.5 billion was expended on various offshore development and natural gas projects in Nigeria, Angola and Republic of Congo. Development activities in Canada, Brazil and Argentina were primarily responsible for about $1.0 billion of expenditures in Other Americas.
Reserves that remain proved undeveloped for five or more years are a result of several factors that affect optimal project development and execution, such as the complex nature of the development project in adverse and remote locations, physical limitations of infrastructure or plant capacities that dictate project timing, compression projects that are pending reservoir pressure declines, and contractual limitations that dictate production levels.
At year-end 2019, the company held approximately 2.1 billion BOE of proved undeveloped reserves that have remained undeveloped for five years or more. The majority of these reserves are in three locations where the company has a proven track record of developing major projects. In Australia, approximately 700 million BOE have remained undeveloped for five years or more related to the Gorgon and Wheatstone projects. Further field development to convert the remaining proved
Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited
undeveloped reserves is scheduled to occur in line with operating constraints and infrastructure optimization. In Africa, approximately 300 million BOE have remained undeveloped for five years or more, primarily due to facility constraints at various fields and infrastructure associated with the Escravos gas projects in Nigeria. Affiliates account for about 1.2 billion BOE of proved undeveloped reserves with about 900 million BOE that have remained undeveloped for five years or more, with the majority related to the TCO affiliate in Kazakhstan. At TCO, further field development to convert the remaining proved undeveloped reserves is scheduled to occur in line with reservoir depletion and facility constraints.
Annually, the company assesses whether any changes have occurred in facts or circumstances, such as changes to development plans, regulations or government policies, that would warrant a revision to reserve estimates. In 2019, decreases in commodity prices negatively impacted the economic limits of oil and gas properties, resulting in proved reserve decreases, and positively impacted proved reserves due to entitlement effects. The year-end reserves quantities have been updated for these circumstances and significant changes have been discussed in the appropriate reserves sections. Over the past three years, the ratio of proved undeveloped reserves to total proved reserves has ranged between 35 percent and 38 percent.
Proved Reserve Quantities For the three years ending December 31, 2019, the pattern of net reserve changes shown in the following tables are not necessarily indicative of future trends. Apart from acquisitions, the company’s ability to add proved reserves can be affected by events and circumstances that are outside the company’s control, such as delays in government permitting, partner approvals of development plans, changes in oil and gas prices, OPEC constraints, geopolitical uncertainties, and civil unrest.
At December 31, 2019, proved reserves for the company were 11.4 billion BOE. The company’s estimated net proved reserves of liquids including crude oil, condensate and synthetic oil for the years 2017, 2018 and 2019 are shown in the table on page 99. The company’s estimated net proved reserves of natural gas liquids are shown on page 100 and the company’s estimated net proved reserves of natural gas are shown on page 101.
Noteworthy changes in crude oil, condensate and synthetic oil proved reserves for 2017 through 2019 are discussed below and shown in the table on the following page:
Revisions In 2017, improved field performance at various Gulf of Mexico fields, including Jack/St Malo and Tahiti, and in the Midland and Delaware basins were primarily responsible for the 209 million barrel increase in the United States. Improved field performance at various fields, including Agbami and Sonam in Nigeria, were responsible for the 73 million barrel increase in Africa. Synthetic oil reserves in Canada decreased by 42 million barrels, primarily due to entitlement effects. In the TCO affiliate in Kazakhstan, entitlement effects were mainly responsible for the 52 million barrel decrease.
In 2018, improved field performance at various Gulf of Mexico fields and in the Midland and Delaware basins were primarily responsible for the 121 million barrel increase in the United States. Improved field performance at various fields, including Agbami in Nigeria and Moho-Bilondo in the Republic of Congo, were responsible for the 61 million barrel increase in Africa. Reserves in Other Americas increased by 59 million barrels, primarily due to improved field performance at the Hebron field in Canada. In Asia, improved performance across numerous assets resulted in the 37 million barrel increase.
In 2019, portfolio optimizations, where future drilling in various fields in the Midland and Delaware basins is being targeted away from reservoirs with higher gas-to-oil ratios and lower execution efficiencies, and planned divestments in the Appalachian basin, were primarily responsible for the 153 million barrel decrease in the United States. Operational issues with the Petropiar upgrader in Venezuela resulted in a decrease in reserves of synthetic oil of 126 million barrels and an increase of crude oil and condensate reserves of 105 million barrels. Reservoir management and entitlement effects were mainly responsible for 75 million barrels increase in the TCO affiliate in Kazakhstan. Improved field performance at various fields, including Moho-Bilondo in the Republic of Congo, Mafumeria in Angola, and Sonam in Nigeria, were responsible for the 42 million barrel increase in Africa.
Extensions and Discoveries In 2017, extensions and discoveries in the Midland and Delaware basins and the Gulf of Mexico were primarily responsible for the 323 million barrel increase in the United States. Extensions and discoveries in the Duvernay Shale in Canada were primarily responsible for the 63 million barrel increase in Other Americas.
In 2018, extensions and discoveries in the Midland and Delaware basins were primarily responsible for the 359 million barrel increase in the United States. Extensions and discoveries in the Duvernay Shale in Canada and Loma Campana in Argentina were primarily responsible for the 31 million barrel increase in Other Americas.
Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited
In 2019, portfolio optimizations, where future drilling in various fields in the Midland and Delaware basins is being targeted towards liquids-rich reservoirs with higher execution efficiencies, and extensions and discoveries in the deepwater fields in the Gulf of Mexico, were primarily responsible for the 394 million barrel increase in the United States. Extensions and discoveries in Loma Campana in Argentina were primarily responsible for the 39 million barrel increase in Other Americas.
Purchases In 2017, purchases of 33 million barrels in Asia were due to contract extension in the Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli fields in Azerbaijan.
In 2018, purchases of 31 million barrels in the United States were primarily in the Midland and Delaware basins.
Sales In 2017, sales of 51 million barrels in the United States were primarily in the Gulf of Mexico shelf and in the Midland and Delaware basins.
In 2019, sales of 69 million barrels in Europe were in the United Kingdom and Denmark.
Net Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Condensate and Synthetic Oil
Consolidated Companies
Affiliated Companies
Total
Consolidated
Other
Australia/
Synthetic
Synthetic
and Affiliated
Millions of barrels
U.S.
Americas1
Africa
Asia
Oceania
Europe
Oil2
Total
TCO
Oil
Other3
Companies
Reserves at January 1, 2017
1,244
3,856
1,781
5,900
Changes attributable to:
Revisions
(17
)
(42
)
(52
)
-
(4
)
Improved recovery
-
-
-
-
-
-
Extensions and discoveries
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Purchases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sales
(51
)
(1
)
-
(2
)
-
-
-
(54
)
-
-
-
(54
)
Production
(165
)
(23
)
(125
)
(104
)
(9
)
(22
)
(19
)
(467
)
(99
)
(11
)
(9
)
(586
)
Reserves at December 31, 20174
1,573
4,065
1,630
5,937
Changes attributable to:
Revisions
(28
)
(23
)
(7
)
Improved recovery
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Extensions and discoveries
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Purchases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sales
(26
)
-
(5
)
-
-
-
-
(31
)
-
-
-
(31
)
Production
(189
)
(29
)
(122
)
(90
)
(14
)
(19
)
(19
)
(482
)
(98
)
(9
)
(9
)
(598
)
Reserves at December 31, 20184
1,874
4,319
1,504
6,017
Changes attributable to:
Revisions
(153
)
(25
)
(72
)
(126
)
(18
)
Improved recovery
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Extensions and discoveries
-
-
-
-
Purchases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sales
-
(4
)
-
-
-
(69
)
-
(73
)
-
-
-
(73
)
Production
(213
)
(33
)
(108
)
(86
)
(16
)
(16
)
(19
)
(491
)
(106
)
(1
)
(13
)
(611
)
Reserves at December 31, 20194
1,928
4,149
1,473
-
5,781
Ending reserve balances in North America were 230, 269 and 217 and in South America were 90, 72 and 63 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Reserves associated with Canada.
Ending reserve balances in Africa were 3, 3 and 5 and in South America were 156, 64 and 78 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Included are year-end reserve quantities related to production-sharing contracts (PSC) (refer to page E-7 for the definition of a PSC). PSC-related reserve quantities are 11 percent, 14 percent and 16 percent for consolidated companies for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited
Noteworthy changes in natural gas liquids proved reserves for 2017 through 2019 are discussed and shown in the table below:
Revisions In 2017, improved field performance in the Midland and Delaware basins and at various Gulf of Mexico fields were primarily responsible for the 71 million barrel increase in the United States.
In 2018, improved field performance in the Midland and Delaware basins were primarily responsible for the 34 million barrel increase in the United States.
In 2019, portfolio optimizations and low price realizations in various fields in the Midland and Delaware basins and planned divestments in the Appalachian basin were mainly responsible for the 120 million barrel decrease in the United States.
Extensions and Discoveries In 2017, extensions and discoveries in the Midland and Delaware basins and the Appalachian region were primarily responsible for the 135 million barrel increase in the United States.
In 2018, extensions and discoveries in the Midland and Delaware basins were primarily responsible for the 173 million barrel increase in the United States.
In 2019, extensions and discoveries in the Midland and Delaware basins and deepwater fields in the Gulf of Mexico were primarily responsible for the 140 million barrel increase in the United States.
Net Proved Reserves of Natural Gas Liquids
Consolidated Companies
Affiliated Companies
Total
Consolidated
Other
Australia/
and Affiliated
Millions of barrels
U.S.
Americas1
Africa
Asia
Oceania
Europe
Total
TCO
Other2
Companies
Reserves at January 1, 2017
-
Changes attributable to:
Revisions
-
(1
)
(1
)
Improved recovery
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Extensions and discoveries
-
-
-
-
-
-
Purchases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sales
(6
)
-
-
-
-
-
(6
)
-
-
(6
)
Production
(25
)
(1
)
(4
)
-
(1
)
(1
)
(32
)
(8
)
(3
)
(43
)
Reserves at December 31, 20173
-
Changes attributable to:
Revisions
-
-
(11
)
(3
)
Improved recovery
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Extensions and discoveries
-
-
-
-
-
-
Purchases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sales
(6
)
-
-
-
-
-
(6
)
-
-
(6
)
Production
(35
)
(1
)
(5
)
-
(1
)
(1
)
(43
)
(7
)
(2
)
(52
)
Reserves at December 31, 20183
-
Changes attributable to:
Revisions
(120
)
(4
)
-
-
-
(118
)
(106
)
Improved recovery
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Extensions and discoveries
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Purchases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sales
-
-
-
-
-
(2
)
(2
)
-
-
(2
)
Production
(51
)
(2
)
(4
)
-
(1
)
(1
)
(59
)
(8
)
(3
)
(70
)
Reserves at December 31, 20193
-
-
Reserves associated with North America.
Reserves associated with Africa.
Year-end reserve quantities related to production-sharing contracts (PSC) (refer to page E-7 for the definition of a PSC) are not material for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited
Net Proved Reserves of Natural Gas
Consolidated Companies
Affiliated Companies
Total
Consolidated
Other
Australia/
and Affiliated
Billions of cubic feet (BCF)
U.S.
Americas1
Africa
Asia
Oceania
Europe
Total
TCO
Other2
Companies
Reserves at January 1, 2017
3,676
2,827
5,533
12,515
25,432
2,242
1,086
28,760
Changes attributable to:
Revisions
1,545
2,646
2,781
Improved recovery
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Extensions and discoveries
1,361
-
-
-
1,682
-
-
1,682
Purchases
-
-
-
-
-
Sales
(177
)
(129
)
-
(31
)
-
-
(337
)
-
-
(337
)
Production3
(354
)
(81
)
(107
)
(842
)
(501
)
(76
)
(1,961
)
(146
)
(95
)
(2,202
)
Reserves at December 31, 20174
5,180
2,906
4,773
13,559
27,514
2,183
1,039
30,736
Changes attributable to:
Revisions
(3
)
1,012
1,707
(108
)
(38
)
1,561
Improved recovery
-
-
-
-
-
Extensions and discoveries
1,627
-
-
1,771
-
1,774
Purchases
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sales
(125
)
-
(5
)
-
-
-
(130
)
-
-
(130
)
Production3
(377
)
(69
)
(112
)
(815
)
(841
)
(65
)
(2,279
)
(141
)
(95
)
(2,515
)
Reserves at December 31, 20184
6,709
2,815
4,310
13,731
28,733
1,934
31,576
Changes attributable to:
Revisions
(2,565
)
(107
)
1,732
(726
)
(464
)
Improved recovery
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Extensions and discoveries
1,008
-
1,156
-
1,176
Purchases
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sales
(1
)
(2
)
-
-
-
(240
)
(243
)
-
-
(243
)
Production3
(447
)
(67
)
(103
)
(799
)
(898
)
(43
)
(2,357
)
(153
)
(102
)
(2,612
)
Reserves at December 31, 20194
4,728
2,758
3,681
14,658
26,587
2,004
29,457
Ending reserve balances in North America and South America were 462, 582, 478 and 274, 281, 317 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Ending reserve balances in Africa and South America were 802, 799, 899 and 64, 110, 140 in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Total “as sold” volumes are 2,379, 2,289 and 1,995 for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Includes reserve quantities related to production-sharing contracts (PSC) (refer to page E-7 for the definition of a PSC). PSC-related reserve quantities are 10 percent, 10 percent and 12 percent for consolidated companies for 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Noteworthy changes in natural gas proved reserves for 2017 through 2019 are discussed below and shown in the table above:
Revisions In 2017, reservoir performance and new seismic data in the greater Gorgon area were primarily responsible for the 1.5 TCF increase in Australia. Improved performance in the Midland and Delaware basins were primarily responsible for the 670 BCF increase in the United States. The Sonam Field in Nigeria was primarily responsible for the 184 BCF increase in Africa.
In 2018, reservoir performance, well test and surveillance data at Wheatstone and the greater Gorgon area were responsible for the 1.0 TCF increase in Australia. The Bibiyana Field in Bangladesh and the Pattani Field in Thailand were primarily responsible for the 347 BCF increase in Asia. Improved performance in the Midland and Delaware basins were primarily responsible for the 258 BCF increase in the United States.
In 2019, strong performances at Wheatstone and the greater Gorgon areas were mainly responsible for 1.7 TCF increase in Australia. In the TCO affiliate in Kazakhstan, reservoir management and entitlement effects were mainly responsible for 223 BCF increase. Portfolio optimizations and low price realizations in various fields of the Midland and Delaware basins and planned divestments in the Appalachian basin, were mainly responsible for the 2.6 TCF decrease in the United States.
Extensions and Discoveries In 2017, extensions and discoveries of 1.4 TCF in the United States were primarily in the Appalachian region and the Midland and Delaware basins. Extensions and discoveries in the Duvernay Shale in Canada were primarily responsible for the 319 BCF increase in Other Americas.
In 2018, extensions and discoveries of 1.6 TCF in the United States were primarily in the Appalachian region and the Midland and Delaware basins.
In 2019, extensions and discoveries of 1.0 TCF in the United States were primarily in the Midland and Delaware basins.
Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited
Sales In 2017, sales of 177 BCF in the United States were primarily from the Midland and Delaware basins. Sale of the company’s interests in Trinidad and Tobago was primarily responsible for the 129 BCF decrease in Other Americas.
In 2019, sales of 240 BCF in Europe were in the United Kingdom and Denmark.
Table VI - Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Related to Proved Oil and Gas Reserves
The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows is calculated in accordance with SEC and FASB requirements. This includes using the average of first-day-of-the-month oil and gas prices for the 12-month period prior to the end of the reporting period, estimated future development and production costs assuming the continuation of existing economic conditions, estimated costs for asset retirement obligations (includes costs to retire existing wells and facilities in addition to those future wells and facilities necessary to produce proved undeveloped reserves), and estimated future income taxes based on appropriate statutory tax rates. Discounted future net cash flows are calculated using 10 percent mid-period discount factors. Estimates of proved-reserve quantities are imprecise and change over time as new information becomes available. Probable and possible reserves, which may become proved in the future, are excluded from the calculations. The valuation requires assumptions as to the timing and amount of future development and production costs. The calculations are made as of December 31 each year and do not represent management’s estimate of the company’s future cash flows or value of its oil and gas reserves. In the following table, the caption “Standardized Measure Net Cash Flows” refers to the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows.
Consolidated Companies
Affiliated Companies
Total
Consolidated
Other
Australia/
and Affiliated
Millions of dollars
U.S.
Americas
Africa
Asia
Oceania
Europe
Total
TCO
Other
Companies
At December 31, 2019
Future cash inflows from production
$
122,012
$
45,701
$
45,706
$
43,386
$
95,845
$
4,466
$
357,116
$
85,179
$
12,309
$
454,604
Future production costs
(32,349
)
(18,324
)
(17,982
)
(14,646
)
(14,141
)
(1,428
)
(98,870
)
(22,302
)
(2,487
)
(123,659
)
Future development costs
(15,987
)
(4,219
)
(3,643
)
(5,070
)
(5,458
)
(341
)
(34,718
)
(14,340
)
(705
)
(49,763
)
Future income taxes
(15,780
)
(6,491
)
(17,562
)
(11,147
)
(22,874
)
(1,078
)
(74,932
)
(14,561
)
(3,855
)
(93,348
)
Undiscounted future net cash flows
57,896
16,667
6,519
12,523
53,372
1,619
148,596
33,976
5,262
187,834
10 percent midyear annual discount for timing of estimated cash flows
(26,422
)
(9,312
)
(1,629
)
(3,652
)
(26,536
)
(650
)
(68,201
)
(16,990
)
(2,096
)
(87,287
)
Standardized Measure
Net Cash Flows
$
31,474
$
7,355
$
4,890
$
8,871
$
26,836
$
$
80,395
$
16,986
$
3,166
$
100,547
At December 31, 2018
Future cash inflows from production
$
132,512
$
52,470
$
56,856
$
54,012
$
109,116
$
11,959
$
416,925
$
100,518
$
16,928
$
534,371
Future production costs
(34,679
)
(20,691
)
(18,850
)
(17,359
)
(16,296
)
(6,609
)
(114,484
)
(24,580
)
(4,665
)
(143,729
)
Future development costs
(17,322
)
(5,106
)
(4,112
)
(5,494
)
(7,757
)
(1,393
)
(41,184
)
(14,069
)
(1,692
)
(56,945
)
Future income taxes
(17,369
)
(7,553
)
(23,593
)
(14,514
)
(25,519
)
(1,676
)
(90,224
)
(18,561
)
(4,496
)
(113,281
)
Undiscounted future net cash flows
63,142
19,120
10,301
16,645
59,544
2,281
171,033
43,308
6,075
220,416
10 percent midyear annual discount for timing of estimated cash flows
(29,103
)
(11,136
)
(2,646
)
(4,822
)
(28,276
)
(419
)
(76,402
)
(22,025
)
(2,662
)
(101,089
)
Standardized Measure
Net Cash Flows
$
34,039
$
7,984
$
7,655
$
11,823
$
31,268
$
1,862
$
94,631
$
21,283
$
3,413
$
119,327
At December 31, 2017
Future cash inflows from production
$
94,086
$
43,175
$
47,828
$
47,809
$
77,557
$
8,800
$
319,255
$
80,090
$
13,632
$
412,977
Future production costs
(29,049
)
(20,044
)
(18,124
)
(18,640
)
(12,315
)
(6,345
)
(104,517
)
(22,050
)
(4,635
)
(131,202
)
Future development costs
(10,849
)
(5,102
)
(3,808
)
(4,755
)
(6,682
)
(1,114
)
(32,310
)
(17,564
)
(1,760
)
(51,634
)
Future income taxes
(10,803
)
(5,158
)
(17,845
)
(10,901
)
(17,568
)
(615
)
(62,890
)
(12,143
)
(3,250
)
(78,283
)
Undiscounted future net cash flows
43,385
12,871
8,051
13,513
40,992
119,538
28,333
3,987
151,858
10 percent midyear annual discount for timing of estimated cash flows
(19,781
)
(8,483
)
(2,058
)
(3,846
)
(19,730
)
(53,691
)
(16,310
)
(1,844
)
(71,845
)
Standardized Measure
Net Cash Flows
$
23,604
$
4,388
$
5,993
$
9,667
$
21,262
$
$
65,847
$
12,023
$
2,143
$
80,013
Supplemental Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Unaudited
Table VII - Changes in the Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows From Proved Reserves
The changes in present values between years, which can be significant, reflect changes in estimated proved-reserve quantities and prices and assumptions used in forecasting production volumes and costs. Changes in the timing of production are included with “Revisions of previous quantity estimates.”
Total Consolidated and
Millions of dollars
Consolidated Companies
Affiliated Companies
Affiliated Companies
Present Value at January 1, 2017
$
42,355
$
9,714
$
52,069
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced net of production costs
(21,505
)
(5,234
)
(26,739
)
Development costs incurred
9,417
3,721
13,138
Purchases of reserves
-
Sales of reserves
(1,148
)
-
(1,148
)
Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery less related costs
3,716
-
3,716
Revisions of previous quantity estimates
11,132
(1,085
)
10,047
Net changes in prices, development and production costs
28,754
8,013
36,767
Accretion of discount
6,116
1,398
7,514
Net change in income tax
(13,095
)
(2,361
)
(15,456
)
Net Change for 2017
23,492
4,452
27,944
Present Value at December 31, 2017
$
65,847
$
14,166
$
80,013
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced net of production costs
(33,535
)
(6,813
)
(40,348
)
Development costs incurred
9,723
5,044
14,767
Purchases of reserves
-
Sales of reserves
(622
)
-
(622
)
Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery less related costs
5,503
5,517
Revisions of previous quantity estimates
15,480
(2,255
)
13,225
Net changes in prices, development and production costs
39,241
17,251
56,492
Accretion of discount
9,413
2,084
11,497
Net change in income tax
(16,518
)
(4,795
)
(21,313
)
Net Change for 2018
28,784
10,530
39,314
Present Value at December 31, 2018
$
94,631
$
24,696
$
119,327
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced net of production costs
(29,436
)
(5,823
)
(35,259
)
Development costs incurred
10,497
5,120
15,617
Purchases of reserves
-
Sales of reserves
(579
)
-
(579
)
Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery less related costs
5,697
5,740
Revisions of previous quantity estimates
2,122
2,743
Net changes in prices, development and production costs
(25,056
)
(11,637
)
(36,693
)
Accretion of discount
13,538
3,584
17,122
Net change in income tax
10,077
2,046
12,123
Net Change for 2019
(14,235
)
(4,545
)
(18,780
)
Present Value at December 31, 2019
$
80,396
$
20,151
$
100,547
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)
The following documents are filed as part of this report:
(1) Financial Statements:
Page(s)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Consolidated Statement of Income for the three years ended December 31, 2019
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the three years ended December 31, 2019
Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2019 and 2018
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three years ended December 31, 2019
Consolidated Statement of Equity for the three years ended December 31, 2019
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
57 to 90
(2) Financial Statement Schedules:
Included below is Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019.
(3) Exhibits:
The Exhibit Index on the following pages lists the exhibits that are filed as part of this report.
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Year ended December 31
Millions of Dollars
Employee Termination Benefits
Balance at January 1
$
$
$
Additions (reductions) charged to expense
Payments
(18
)
(48
)
(69
)
Balance at December 31
$
$
$
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Balance at January 1
$
$
$
Additions (reductions)
(128
)
Bad debt write-offs
(3
)
(5
)
(9
)
Balance at December 31
$
$
$
Deferred Income Tax Valuation Allowance*
Balance at January 1
$
15,973
$
16,574
$
16,069
Additions to deferred income tax expense
1,336
2,000
2,681
Reduction of deferred income tax expense
(1,344
)
(2,601
)
(2,176
)
Balance at December 31
$
15,965
$
15,973
$
16,574
* See also Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, beginning on page 74.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
Not applicable.
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No.
Description
3.1
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Chevron Corporation, dated May 30, 2008, filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Chevron Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
3.2
By-Laws of Chevron Corporation, as amended and restated on September 25, 2019 filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Chevron Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 27, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
4.1
Indenture, dated as of June 15, 1995, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Chevron Corporation’s Amendment Number 1 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed June 14, 1995, and incorporated herein by reference.
4.2
Form of Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Chevron Corporation's Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed May 3, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.
4.3
Confidential Stockholder Voting Policy of Chevron Corporation, filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Chevron Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
4.4*
Description of Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.
10.1+
Chevron Corporation Non-Employee Directors’ Equity Compensation and Deferral Plan, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Chevron Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.2+
Amendment Number One to the Chevron Corporation Non-Employee Directors’ Equity Compensation and Deferral Plan, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Chevron Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.3+
Form of Retainer Stock Option Agreement under the Chevron Corporation Non-Employee Directors’ Equity Compensation and Deferral Plan, filed as Exhibit 10.17 to Chevron Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.4+
Form of Stock Units Agreement under the Chevron Corporation Non-Employee Directors’ Equity Compensation and Deferral Plan, filed as Exhibit 10.19 to Chevron Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.5+
Chevron Incentive Plan, filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Chevron Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.6+
Amendment to the Chevron Incentive Plan, effective January 31, 2018, filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Chevron Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.7+*
Summary of Chevron Incentive Plan Award Criteria
10.8+
Long-Term Incentive Plan of Chevron Corporation, filed as Appendix B to Chevron Corporation’s Notice of the 2013 Annual Meeting and 2013 Proxy Statement filed April 11, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.9+
Form of Performance Share Award Agreement under the Long-Term Incentive Plan of Chevron Corporation, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Chevron Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 3, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.10+
Form of Standard Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Long-Term Incentive Plan of Chevron Corporation, filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Chevron Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 3, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.11+
Form of Special Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Long-Term Incentive Plan of Chevron Corporation, filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Chevron Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 4, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.12+
Form of Non-Qualified Stock Options Agreement under the Long-Term Incentive Plan of Chevron Corporation, filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Chevron Corporation's Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 3, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.13+*
Form of Stock Appreciation Rights Agreement under the Long-Term Incentive Plan of Chevron Corporation.
Exhibit No.
Description
10.14+
Chevron Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan for Management Employees, filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Chevron Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 13, 2005, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.15+
Chevron Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan for Management Employees II, filed as Exhibit 10.5 to Chevron Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.16+
Chevron Corporation Retirement Restoration Plan, filed as Exhibit 10.6 to Chevron Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.17+
Amendment Number One to the Chevron Corporation Retirement Restoration Plan, filed as Exhibit 10.23 to Chevron Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.18+
Chevron Corporation ESIP Restoration Plan, Amended and Restated as of January 1, 2018, filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Chevron Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference.
10.19+
Agreement between Chevron Corporation and R. Hewitt Pate, filed as Exhibit 10.16 to Chevron Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference.
21.1*
Subsidiaries of Chevron Corporation (page E-1).
23.1*
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (page E-2).
23.2*
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP for Tengizchevroil.
24.1*
Power of Attorney for certain directors of Chevron Corporation, authorizing the signing of the Annual Report on Form 10-K on their behalf.
31.1*
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by the company’s Chief Executive Officer (page E-3).
31.2*
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by the company’s Chief Financial Officer (page E-4).
32.1**
Rule 13a-14(b)/15d-14(b) Certification by the company’s Chief Executive Officer (page E-5).
32.2**
Rule 13a-14(b)/15d-14(b) Certification by the company’s Chief Financial Officer (page E-6).
99.1*
Definitions of Selected Energy and Financial Terms (pages E-7 through E-8).
99.2*
Tengizchevroil LLP Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.
101.SCH*
iXBRL Schema Document.
101.CAL*
iXBRL Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF*
iXBRL Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB*
iXBRL Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE*
iXBRL Presentation Linkbase Document.
104*
Cover Page Interactive Data File (contained in Exhibit 101)
Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are documents formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language). The financial information contained in the iXBRL-related documents is “unaudited” or “unreviewed.”
______________________________
+ Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
*
Filed herewith.
**
Furnished herewith.
Pursuant to Item 601(b)(4) of Regulation S-K, certain instruments with respect to the company’s long-term debt are not filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K. A copy of any such instrument will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 21st day of February, 2020.
Chevron Corporation
By:
/s/ MICHAEL K. WIRTH
Michael K. Wirth, Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on the 21st day of February, 2020.
Principal Executive Officer
(and Director)
/s/ MICHAEL K. WIRTH
Michael K. Wirth, Chairman of the
Board and Chief Executive Officer
Principal Financial Officer
/s/ PIERRE R. BREBER
Pierre R. Breber, Vice President
and Chief Financial Officer
Principal Accounting Officer
/s/ DAVID A. INCHAUSTI
David A. Inchausti, Vice President
and Comptroller
*By: /s/ MARY A. FRANCIS
Mary A. Francis,
Attorney-in-Fact
Directors
WANDA M. AUSTIN*
Wanda M. Austin
JOHN B. FRANK*
John B. Frank
ALICE P. GAST*
Alice P. Gast
ENRIQUE HERNANDEZ, JR.*
Enrique Hernandez, Jr.
CHARLES W. MOORMAN IV*
Charles W. Moorman IV
DAMBISA F. MOYO*
Dambisa F. Moyo
DEBRA REED-KLAGES*
Debra Reed-Klages
RONALD D. SUGAR*
Ronald D. Sugar
D. JAMES UMPLEBY III*
D. James Umpleby III