PITTSBURGH (KDKA) — Chocolate a common source of hidden milk. And milk is a common reason for allergic reactions. 
 
 “I see people claiming to be allergic to chocolate,” says allergist Dr. James DeAngelo of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Associates, “It’s actually the milk protein. Most of the time it’s casein.” 
 
 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration looked into dark chocolate, specifically. 
 
 While milk is allowed as an ingredient, it is not always listed. In fact, according to the FDA’s analysis of nearly 100 dark chocolate bars from different manufacturers and different parts of the country, two out of three did indeed contain milk. Only six had it listed on the label. 
 
 “There’s shared equipment at the chocolate factory that could have milk,” explains Dr. DeAngelo, “And remember, they use a lot of powdered milk products in the chocolate industry, so powder can blow, it can get stuck to equipment.” 
 
 The FDA also found that words like “may contain milk” or “may contain dairy” means it very likely contains milk. In fact, three out of fours bars labeled this way did. 
 
 “I would say no dark chocolate unless you had an absolute declaration on the bar that you were absolutely certain from the manufacturer that it was made in a milk free facility and that it was completely clear of that,” says Dr. DeAngelo. 
 
 If you’re highly allergic to milk, be aware, dark chocolate can be a risky food. 
 
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 The FDA set off alarms in February when it warned that most dark chocolate bars contain milk — including many billed as dairy-free. “This can be a problem, since even one small bite of a product containing milk can cause a dangerous reaction in some individuals,” researcher Binaifer Bedford, M.S., an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education fellow, said in an FDA statement. 
 
 In a new report out today, the FDA shed more light on their testing, findings, and what consumers need to be aware of. Here’s what you should know: 
 
 1. The FDA suggests reading “may” as “likely” 
 
 If an bar has any type of warning, ranging from “may contain milk” to “manufactured in a facility that uses milk,” consumers should assume that the bar contains some amount of milk — the FDA found that 3 out of ever 4 bars with a warning contained milk. 
 
 Related: The Healthiest Chocolate Chip Cookie Ever 
 
 2. Dairy-free isn’t always true 
 
 The FDA found traces of milk in 15 percent of bars that claimed to be “dairy-free.” The same goes for bars labeled “vegan” or “lactose-free” — while they’re theoretically free of dairy, that’s not always the case. 
 
 3. No mention of milk isn’t any safer 
 
 Even if milk isn’t listed in an ingredients list or in a warning on the label, it may still be present in the bar. The FDA found milk in 33 percent of bars that had no mention of milk anywhere on their labels. 
 
 Frustrated? You should be — the FDA has found dairy labeling on chocolate bars to be inefficient at best, and downright dangerous at worst. 
 
 So what’s a consumer to do? First off, if you’re severely allergic to milk, it’s worth seeking out a trusted source of allergen-free chocolate. This might be a local brand with dedicated allergen-free production materials, or a larger brand that’s marketed toward people with allergies. Either way, know that dark chocolate is what the FDA calls a “high-risk food” and proceed with caution. 
 
 If you’re just trying to avoid dairy, be aware that most dark-chocolate bars do, in fact, contain milk. The FDA is working on building stricter labeling and manufacturing legislation, including a proposed “Preventive Controls for Human Food” rule that is set to go into practice in the fall. Here’s hoping that leads to safer — and more honest — chocolate for all. 
 
 Read This Next: Why The FDA Is Warning People About Dark Chocolate 
 
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 NOTE: This Consumer Update sheds light on the results of an FDA study on milk in dark chocolate. 
 
 If you’re allergic to milk and you love dark chocolate, how do you know whether you can indulge in a candy bar without having an allergic reaction? That’s what the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) wanted to learn, especially after receiving reports that consumers had harmful reactions after eating dark chocolate. 
 
 Milk is a permitted ingredient in dark chocolate, but it is also one of eight major food allergens (substances that can cause reactions that are sometimes dangerous). U.S. law requires manufacturers to label food products that are major allergens, as well as food products that contain major allergenic ingredients or proteins. Allergens contained in a food product but not named on the label are a leading cause of FDA requests for food recalls, and undeclared milk is the most frequently cited allergen. Chocolates are one of the most common sources of undeclared milk associated with consumer reactions. 
 
 FDA tested nearly 100 dark chocolate bars for the presence of milk. Earlier this year, the agency issued preliminary findings, and is now releasing more information about its research. The bars tested by FDA were obtained from different parts of the U.S., and each bar was unique in terms of product line and/or manufacturer. Bars were divided into categories based on the statements on the labels. 
 
 The bottom line? Unfortunately, you can’t always tell if dark chocolate contains milk by reading the ingredients list. FDA researchers found that of 94 dark chocolate bars tested, only six listed milk as an ingredient. When testing the remaining 88 bars that did not list milk as an ingredient, FDA found that 51 of them actually did contain milk. In fact, the FDA study found milk in 61 percent of all bars tested. 
 
 In part, that’s because milk can get into a dark chocolate product even when it is not added as an ingredient. Most dark chocolate is produced on equipment that is also used to produce milk chocolate. In these cases, it is possible that traces of milk may inadvertently wind up in the dark chocolate. 
 
 Read ‘May’ as ‘Likely’ 
 
 To inform consumers that dark chocolate products may contain milk even if not intentionally added, many chocolate manufacturers print “advisory” messages on the label. There’s quite a variety of advisory messages, such as: 
 
 “may contain milk” 
 
 “may contain dairy” 
 
 “may contain traces of milk” 
 
 “made on equipment shared with milk” 
 
 “processed in a plant that processes dairy” 
 
 “manufactured in a facility that uses milk” 
 
 FDA found that milk was present in 3 out of every 4 dark chocolate products with one of these advisory statements. Some products had milk levels as high as those found in products that declared the presence of milk. 
 
 When the National Confectioners Association (NCA) was asked for its advice, a spokesperson said that “consumers with milk allergies should not consume dark chocolate products that come with advisory statements, since these products may indeed contain milk proteins.” 
 
 Another problem is that advisory messages may appear to be conflicting if they are accompanied by dairy-free or vegan statements. “Even a consumer who carefully reads the label may be confused by a statement such as “vegan” (which implies that no animal-derived products were used) along with an advisory—or “may contain” statement—referring to the presence of milk,” says Stefano Luccioli, M.D., a senior medical advisor at FDA. 
 
 Not Quite ‘Dairy Free’ 
 
 In addition to these advisory statements, labels for chocolate bars may make other claims. Some say “dairy-free” or “lactose free,” but FDA found milk in 15% of the dark chocolates with this label. And 25% of dark chocolate products labeled only “vegan” were found to contain milk. 
 
 No Message Doesn’t Mean No Milk 
 
 You shouldn’t assume that dark chocolate contains no milk if the label does not mention it at all. “Milk-allergic consumers should be aware that 33% of the dark chocolates with no mention of milk anywhere on the label were, in fact, found to contain milk,” says Luccioli. 
 
 What Consumers Can Do 
 
 Consumers who are sensitive or allergic to milk should know that dark chocolate products are a high-risk food if you’re highly milk-allergic. Start by checking the ingredients list to see if it includes milk. Read all the label statements on dark chocolate products and avoid those with an advisory statement for milk, even if these products feature also other (and conflicting) statements, such as “dairy-free” or “vegan”. View even products with dairy-free claims or without any mention of milk with caution, unless the manufacturer is a trusted source and/or uses dedicated equipment for making milk-free chocolate products. 
 
 “The chocolate industry will continue to make every effort to understand the needs of allergic consumers and communicate the potential presence of milk allergens in dark chocolate through advisory labeling,” says Laura Shumow, director of scientific and regulatory affairs at NCA. 
 
 FDA is evaluating the study findings and considering options for addressing the issues identified in the study. Further, allergen contamination is included in the preventive and risk-based controls mandated by the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA). Under the proposed Preventive Controls for Human Food rule that is scheduled to become final this fall, food manufacturers would be required to implement a food safety plan that identifies safeguards in place to prevent or significantly reduce such hazards as food allergens. 
 
 The proposed rule includes provisions to prevent unintended cross-contact between foods that contain allergens and those not intended to contain them. Firms covered by the final rule would have from one to three years after the rule becomes final to comply, depending on the size of the firm. 
 
 Milk Detected in Individual Dark Chocolate Products 
 
 Label/Package Statement Total number of dark chocolate products Number and percent (%) of dark chocolate products testing positive for milk Milk (or milk-derived component1) 6 6 (100%) Advisory Statements2 (alone or combined) 59 44 (75%) Dairy-free or lactose-free3 statements alone 13 2 (15%) Vegan statement alone 4 1 (25%) No statement regarding milk 12 4 (33%) TOTAL 94 57 (61%) 
 
 Some examples of milk components include cream, milk fat, and sodium caseinate. Advisory statements refers to statements regarding the possible presence of milk, such as “may contain milk (or dairy)”, “made on equipment shared with milk,” “processed in a plant that processes dairy”, or “manufactured in a facility that uses milk.” This category also includes “may contain traces” statements, as well as advisory statements combined with either a vegan or dairy-free or lactose statement. Lactose-free chocolates are grouped with dairy-free products although the statement “lactose-free” does not necessarily indicate that the product is free from milk. This is because lactose is a “milk sugar,” and its removal does not mean that milk proteins are removed as well. 
 
 Updated: May 21, 2015
– Like snacking on dark chocolate? Then we hope you're not doing it to avoid milk, because the US Food and Drug Administration tested 94 dark-chocolate bars and found milk in 61% of them, Quartz reports—including not just products with descriptions like "may contain milk" or "may contain traces of milk," but ones that claim to be vegan, dairy-free, or lactose-free. What if the label doesn't mention milk at all? Yep, the agency found milk in 33% of those cases. Of 88 bars that didn't list milk as an ingredient, 51 included milk. The FDA undertook the project after consumers complained about reacting badly to dark chocolate. Sure enough, it's hard to find a dairy-free heaven in dark-chocolate land: "This can be a problem, since even one small bite of a product containing milk can cause a dangerous reaction in some individuals," a researcher tells Yahoo. The FDA detected milk in 75% of dark-chocolate products labeled "may contain milk," "manufactured in a facility that uses milk," or similar, and found that certain products "had milk levels as high as those found in products that declared the presence of milk," the agency says, noting that consumers should "read 'may' as 'likely'" on such labels. What's more, 15% of dark-chocolate bars with labels reading "dairy-free" or "lactose-free" contained milk, as did 25% claiming to be "vegan." So what's up? Many companies make dark and milk chocolate on the same machines: "And remember, they use a lot of powdered milk products in the chocolate industry, so powder can blow, it can get stuck to equipment," an allergist tells CBS Pittsburgh. Those in dire need of milk-free dark chocolate should find "a trusted source of allergen-free chocolate," says Yahoo, which advises people to "proceed with caution." (If you're not allergic to milk, though, chow down.)