Donald Trump speaks at a rally in Chicago. | AP Photo/John Locher Defying Trump, Chicago will continue as immigrant sanctuary 
 
 CHICAGO — Joining other cities around the country, Chicago is pledging to remain a sanctuary city for undocumented immigrants, an act of defiance in the face of Donald Trump’s past promise to cut off those cities from federal funding. 
 
 In sanctuary cities, local law enforcement officials aren’t required to alert U.S. Immigration and Customs authorities about the immigration status of individuals with whom they come in contact. 
 
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 On Monday, Chicago's elected officials, including Mayor Rahm Emanuel, are expected to hold a news conference to formally discuss how the city will retain its sanctuary status. Aldermen are expected to call on Republican Gov. Bruce Rauner to pressure Trump to back off his vow to interfere with funding. 
 
 “Across the country and in Chicago and Illinois ... young men and women [are] very distraught about this,” Chicago Alderman Danny Solis told POLITICO Illinois on Sunday. 
 
 Solis is among those planning to attend the news conference with Emanuel. "There’s some people, though I disagree with them, but I have some respect for — Paul Ryan, Reince Priebus," Solis said, referring to the House speaker and the RNC chairman who will serve as Trump's chief of staff. "I’m hoping that those guys have much more influence on Trump and what needs to be done not only on his first 100 days, but in his term." 
 
 Illinois Comptroller-elect Susana Mendoza, whose parents are Mexican immigrants, called on Rauner to take a stand on the issue. 
 
 “As a leader of this state, the governor, and everyone in a leadership position, should be saying it’s wrong,” Mendoza told POLITICO Illinois on Sunday. “I would expect that the governor would say, ‘that’s ridiculous.’ Besides moral bankruptcy, it’s bad fiscal policy for the city or any city.” 
 
 The move is largely motivated by elected officials who say they’ve heard from terrified residents, including so-called Dreamers (children whose parents entered the country illegally), who fear imminent deportation. On Sunday, Emanuel’s office released a statement directing those with questions or in need of legal resources to call 311. 
 
 “I want to assure all of our families that Chicago is and will remain a sanctuary city,” Emanuel said in a statement. “Chicago has been a city of immigrants since it was founded. We have always welcomed people of all faiths and backgrounds, and while the administration will change, our values and our commitment to inclusion will not.” 
 
 Since Tuesday’s election, other cities that have affirmed their commitment to remaining sanctuaries include New York, Los Angeles, Seattle, Philadelphia and San Francisco. 
 
 There are dozens of sanctuary cities in the United States and more than 100 jurisdictions have policies on the books that limit compliance with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. 
 
 In a "60 Minutes" interview on Sunday, Trump vowed to deport 2 million to 3 million undocumented immigrants, but seemed to make a distinction between ones who had committed crimes — presumably beyond immigrating illegally — and ones who hadn't. 
 
 “What we are going to do is get the people that are criminal and have criminal records -- gang members, drug dealers -- where a lot of these people, probably two million, it could be even three million, we are getting them out of our country or we are going to incarcerate," he said. "But we’re getting them out of our country, they’re here illegally. 
 
 “After the border is secure and after everything gets normalized, we’re going to make a determination on the people that they’re talking about who are terrific people, they’re terrific people but we are gonna make a determination at that. But before we make that determination, it’s very important, we are going to secure our border.” 
 
 The immigration issue was central to Trump’s candidacy, framed by his pledge to build a wall along the U.S. border with Mexico. 
 
 Neither Trump nor Rauner spokespeople responded to request for comment on Sunday. ||||| President-elect Donald Trump’s hard-line immigration stance was a central part of his campaign message in 2016 -- and he said in an interview Sunday that he plans to immediately deport approximately 2 to 3 million undocumented immigrants. 
 
 “What we are going to do is get the people that are criminal and have criminal records, gang members, drug dealers, where a lot of these people, probably 2 million, it could be even 3 million, we are getting them out of our country or we are going to incarcerate,” Trump said in an interview with CBS’ “60 Minutes.” “But we’re getting them out of our country, they’re here illegally.” 
 
 He continued by saying that after the border is “secure,” immigration officials will begin to make a “determination” about the remaining undocumented immigrants in the U.S. 
 
 60 Minutes interview: President-elect Donald Trump 
 
 “After the border is secure and after everything gets normalized, we’re going to make a determination on the people that they’re talking about who are terrific people, they’re terrific people but we are gonna make a determination at that,” he said. “But before we make that determination...it’s very important, we are going to secure our border.” 
 
 Asked whether he really plans to build a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border -- a proposal that served as a centerpiece of his campaign message -- Trump replied, “Yes.” 
 
 Since Trump’s election on Tuesday night, the realities of actually building that wall have begun to set in. The Mexican government has publicly reminded him that Mexico will not pay for the wall. And asked about the wall, Trump transition co-chair Newt Gingrich said the wall was “a great campaign device.” 
 
 Trump also told “60 Minutes” that the border wall, which was one of the centerpieces of his campaign platform, could be part wall and “some fencing,” in accordance with what congressional Republicans have proposed. 
 
 “For certain areas I would, but certain areas, a wall is more appropriate,” he said. “I’m very good at this, it’s called construction.” ||||| These crawls are part of an effort to archive pages as they are created and archive the pages that they refer to. That way, as the pages that are referenced are changed or taken from the web, a link to the version that was live when the page was written will be preserved.Then the Internet Archive hopes that references to these archived pages will be put in place of a link that would be otherwise be broken, or a companion link to allow people to see what was originally intended by a page's authors.The goal is to fix all broken links on the web . Crawls of supported "No More 404" sites. ||||| Mark Wilson / Getty Images ID: 9982123 
 
 President Barack Obama on Monday said he will urge Donald Trump to “think long and hard” before endangering young undocumented immigrants. 
 
 Speaking at his first news conference since the presidential election, Obama was asked if he could do anything to shield the information of thousands of undocumented immigrants who received protections from deportation under his executive actions from Trump. 
 
 “I will urge the president-elect and the upcoming administration to think long and hard before they are endangering the status of what for all practical purposes are American kids,” Obama said. “These are kids, who were brought here by their parents, they did nothing wrong. They’ve pledged allegiance to the flag.” 
 
 Nick Ut / AP ID: 9982132 
 
 He did not address the issue of protecting their information, which has some beneficiaries of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program concerned. 
 
 Obama said that if they have DACA, which also gave them permission to work, “they’re solid, wonderful young people.” 
 
 Trump has pledged to end DACA, calling it “one of the most unconstitutional actions ever undertaken by a president.” 
 
 
 
 More than 700,000 young immigrants were shielded from deportation and received work permits under Obama’s 2012 executive actions. 
 
 
 
 “It is my strong belief that the majority of the American people would not want to see suddenly those kids have to start hiding again,” Obama said, “and that’s something that I will encourage the president-elect to look at.” ||||| Did Rural American Farmers Vote To Deport Their Workforce? 
 
 At the ballot box, rural Americans were unfazed by what would seem a contradictory choice: voting to remove the low-wage workers that are, arguably, the linchpin of the rural economy. Farming is a high risk, low margin business endeavor, largely propped up by government subsidies and a marginalized workforce willing to toil 80 hours a week at appallingly low rates of pay – employment conditions which few American-born citizens would accept. 
 
 Apparently rural voters were willing to overlook this inconvenient truth, or perhaps they assume that Trump will not follow through on his promises. 
 
 Voter Turnout in Urban vs. Rural Communities 
 
 Trump won the vote in upwards of 90 percent of rural counties; in the 1,299 rural counties he won, he garnered 85 percent of the vote. In contrast, Hillary Clinton, who supported a path to citizenship for the nation’s estimated 11 million undocumented workers, won close to 90 percent of urban counties. 
 
 How Farmworkers Are Reacting 
 
 Unsurprisingly, millions of undocumented farmworkers are in a state of panic. 
 
 KION, a radio station in Monterrey County, California, where an estimated 55,000 undocumented workers tend to vast expanses of lettuce and strawberry fields, reported widespread concern. “I’m really scared,” said one farmworker who was interviewed. “Me and my roommate already have our truck loaded and ready to leave.” 
 
 Elsewhere in California, Latino immigrants took to the streets to voice their opposition to the president-elect. The day after the election, a group of protesters in downtown Los Angeles shouted, “Aqui estamos y no nos vamos,” or, “We are here and we are not leaving,” according to Voices of America, a US-based news service that broadcasts in 45 languages. “I’m afraid for my family… our friends and for my coworkers,” said one protester. “Our status and our way of life in this country are in limbo,” said another. 
 
 But Is It Possible? 
 
 Many immigration experts have said Trump’s mass deportation plan is implausible, and would likely be ineffective at reversing the tide of immigrants from south of the border. The Trump campaign has even acknowledged that his initial statements on deportation may have been more bluster than substance. More likely than rounding up all 11 million illegal immigrants, is that Trump would reverse DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals), President Obama’s executive order, which granted legal status – and a work permit – to immigrants who entered the country illegally prior to their 16th birthday. 
 
 The paper trail associated with DACA workers would make them easy targets for deportation, compared to the millions of undocumented workers hiding in the shadows. 
 
 Over 1 million young illegal immigrants, the vast majority from Mexico, have been approved for DACA benefits since the program began in 2012. DACA does not provide a path to citizenship, but was intended as an interim reprieve while democrat and republican members of Congress battled over immigration reform, a battle which pro-reform democrats ultimately lost. Because DACA is an executive order, which means it did not require congressional approval to be enacted, President-elect Trump could overturn it on his first day in office without recourse – a campaign promise that he has not backed down from. The paper trail associated with DACA workers would make them easy targets for deportation, compared to the millions of undocumented workers hiding in the shadows. 
 
 Not that there won’t be intense political pressure from a coalition of immigrant rights groups to soften Trump’s anti-immigrant stance. The United Farm Workers, a Latino agricultural union based in California, which also advocates nationally on behalf of immigrant farm workers, will no doubt be one of those, leveraging its deep ties in Washington – UFW worked closely with the Obama administration and Clinton campaign on immigration reform – to block the president-elect’s deportation efforts. 
 
 What Does the UFW Think? 
 
 In an emailed statement to Modern Farmer on the day after the election, Arturo Rodriguez, who took over as UFW president following the death of founder Cesar Chavez in 1993, said: 
 
 “Making progress will be more difficult, but our practice of organizing for the long term will let us continue to win justice… We reaffirm our confidence in the American people and in our Si Se Puede! attitude… As the challenges increase so does our commitment and determination to afford all farm workers and low-income working families the opportunities and respect they deserve.† 
 
 Rodriguez, who also spoke with us just prior to the election about his hopes for the next president, did note one bright spot on the night of Novermber 8th: Joe Arpaio, the sheriff of Maricopa County, Arizona (where Phoenix is located), who is known for his unrelenting persecution of Mexican immigrants, was not re-elected. He was seeking his seventh term. Recently referred to as the Donald Trump of Arizona, Arpaio has long been loathed by immigrant activists and progressive Americans alike as a symbol of xenophobic sentiment within the American political and law enforcement system. 
 
 “We have confronted and overcome political adversity many times before,” said Rodriguez in his statement. “What remains unchanged is faith in our history and practice of organizing for the long term, running the race as a marathon and not just as a sprint. That faith will allow us to continue to win justice.” May it be so. ||||| Donald Trump wants to immediately deport 2 million to 3 million undocumented immigrants with criminal records. One problem: There almost certainly aren’t that many people who fit those criteria. 
 
 In a “60 Minutes” interview that aired Sunday, Trump said he would prioritize deporting or incarcerating the immigrants who are both in the country illegally and who are “gang members, drug dealers” or have other criminal convictions. He said there are “a lot of these people, probably 2 million, it could be even 3 million.” 
 
 It isn’t clear where Trump came up with those numbers. But according to the Department of Homeland Security, there are roughly 1.9 million non-citizen immigrants who have been convicted of crimes and are subject to deportation — what the government calls “removable criminal aliens.” That total, however, includes both undocumented immigrants and noncitizens in the country legally. The Migration Policy Institute, a think tank, estimates that there are roughly 11 million immigrants in the U.S. illegally and that approximately 820,000 of them have criminal records. (The Migration Policy Institute doesn’t take positions on specific legislation but is generally seen as favoring immigration. The Pew Research Center, another think tank, comes up with a similar figure for the total number of undocumented immigrants.) Some of those immigrants are already incarcerated: A recent report from the Congressional Research Service estimated that at the end of 2013, there were more than 140,000 non-citizen immigrants in local, state and federal prisons and jails. (That figure includes people who are in the country legally, not all of whom are subject to deportation.) 
 
 Beyond the specific numbers, the policy that Trump outlined Sunday is similar to the one President Obama pursued in his first term. When Obama first took office, he prioritized deporting undocumented immigrants with criminal convictions, in some cases even for comparatively minor violations such as traffic offenses or shoplifting, according to Randy Capps of the Migration Policy Institute. Partly as a result, deportations soared under Obama, topping 400,000 in 2012. 
 
 More recently, however, the Obama administration has changed tack, focusing instead on deporting immigrants convicted of more serious crimes or for repeat offenses. (He has also consistently deported undocumented immigrants who entered the country recently.) Deportations have fallen steadily in Obama’s second term, to below 250,000 in 2015. 
 
 Capps said that the Homeland Security Department still has the resources it had in Obama’s first term. From a practical standpoint, then, it wouldn’t be hard for the government to deport 400,000 or even 500,000 people per year — meaning that Trump could credibly deport 2 million people during his first term without requiring additional resources or authorization from Congress. Many, but not all, of the people deported would be convicted criminals. 
 
 “It would not be hard to get up to 2 million in four years, and most of them would be quote-unquote criminals,” Capps said, although he added that many of those criminal convictions would be for relatively minor crimes. 
 
 Trump is also likely to roll back a central element of Obama’s immigration agenda: his Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, which offers temporary legal status to people who entered the country illegally as children. During the campaign, Trump pledged to end DACA, but he hasn’t said how — whether he will close the program to new applicants, allow it to expire or end it even for the roughly three-quarters of a million people who have been granted legal status under the program. 
 
 “The proof is going to be in what his administration actually does,” Capps said, “and it will take some time before we know that.”
– In an interview with CBS' 60 Minutes on Sunday, President-elect Donald Trump said his first priority will be arresting and deporting undocumented immigrants with criminal records, and he put a number to the effort: "What we are going to do is get the people that are criminal and have criminal records, gang members, drug dealers, where a lot of these people, probably 2 million, it could be even 3 million, we are getting them out of our country or we are going to incarcerate." How does that number hold up, and what's the reaction been? The rundown: Washington Post's Fact Checker and FiveThirtyEight find Trump comes up short. While a rep for the president-elect called out a Department of Homeland Security report that cited 1.9 million "removable criminal aliens" as of fiscal year 2013, both point out that phrase also includes lawful permanent residents and those with temporary visas, meaning size of the group Trump was referring to is south of that 1.9 million. Both also cite the number 820,000—the Migration Policy Institute's estimate of undocumented immigrants with criminal records. In his first press conference since the election, President Obama addressed the topic of young undocumented immigrants and advised Trump to "think long and hard" before endangering their status. BuzzFeed has more. Trump won't find an ally among the LAPD. "We are not going to work in conjunction with Homeland Security on deportation efforts," Police Chief Charlie Beck tells the LA Times, continuing the department's decades-old stance. Los Angeles is a "sanctuary city"—meaning ones where police and city workers aren’t obligated to turn undocumented immigrants they encounter into the feds, per Politico—and it's not alone. NPR reports there are 300 such cities and counties, and under Trump's First 100 Days plan they stand to lose federal funding if they don't change their tune. That didn't scare Mayor Rahm Emmanuel, who on Monday emphasized Chicago "always will be a sanctuary city." Modern Farmer looks into one of the "great ironies in the election": that rural Americans voted for a candidate whose immigration policies could decimate the agricultural workforce.