zhongli ding dmkyn0csumbcedu interesting would difference think way p q q p r q p r p r think probabilistic way let p born new york q born united states r born new jersey pqp 1 prq v prp 0 prpq 0 zhongli ding csee umbc tue 12 jul 2005 gzrdaeecsberkeleyedu wrote consider following line reasoning let p proposition ronald born new york p infer q ronald born united states q infer r possible ronald born new jersey hand p infer possible ronald born new jersey arrived contradiction wrong note answer question familiarity modal logic needed lotfi zadeh professor graduate school computer science division department electrical engineering computer sciences university california berkeley ca 94720 1776 director berkeley initiative soft computing bisc teloffice 510 6424959 uai mailing list wed 06 aug 2008 105051 0400 uai paradox