[R] the way to look at all the codings of any functions Dear SIr, In case of looking at the codes of the fuction, "cov", we find all the codings below.  But, incase of "mean", we don't find the contents. Please show me the way to look at all the codings of any functions. Best regards, Kei ----------------------- > cov function (x, y = NULL, use = "all.obs", method = c("pearson",     "kendall", "spearman")) {     na.method <- pmatch(use, c("all.obs", "complete.obs", "pairwise.complete.obs"))     method <- match.arg(method)     if (is.data.frame(y))         y <- as.matrix(y)     else stopifnot(is.atomic(y))     if (is.data.frame(x))         x <- as.matrix(x)     else {         stopifnot(is.atomic(x))         if (!is.matrix(x)) {             if (is.null(y))                 stop("supply both 'x' and 'y' or a matrix-like 'x'")             x <- as.vector(x)         }     }     if (method == "pearson")         .Internal(cov(x, y, na.method, method == "kendall"))     else if (na.method != 3) {         Rank <- function(u) if (is.matrix(u))             apply(u, 2, rank, na.last = "keep")         else rank(u, na.last = "keep")         if (na.method == 2) {             ok <- complete.cases(x, y)             x <- if (is.matrix(x))                 x[ok, ]             else x[ok]             if (!is.null(y))                 y <- if (is.matrix(y))                   y[ok, ]                 else y[ok]         }         x <- Rank(x)         if (!is.null(y))             y <- Rank(y)         .Internal(cov(x, y, na.method, method == "kendall"))     }     else stop("cannot handle 'pairwise.complete.obs'") } > > mean function (x, ...) UseMethod("mean") ______________________________________________ R-help@stat.math.ethz.ch mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.