sum c gemination syntactic content length 10885 summary data syntactic gemination consonants couple weeks ago posted query termed syntactic gemination got information fewer 15 respondents grateful listed alphabetical order list 15 respondents prathima christdas prathima christdas um cc umich edu vincent decaen decaen epas utoronto ca lance eccles lance eccles mq edu au maik gibson llrgbson reading ac uk david gil ellgild nusvm bitnet ralf grosserhode afrikanistik2 unibayreuth de jacques guy j guy trl oz au marcia haag haag monk nhn uoknor edu mark robert hale hale1 alcor concordia ca bruce nevin bnevin lightstream com john phillips john ccyi ccy yamaguchiu ac jp mari siiroinen siiroinen cc helsinki fi norbert strade lingnost hum aau dk mark verhijde mark verhyde let ruu nl caroline r wiltshire wiltshir minerva cis yale edu term syntactic gemination specific enough mind gemination word boundaries wordinternal gemination morpheme boundaries nevertheless mention cases pointed respondents besides haste forgotten mention classical greek also taken account preliminary version paper data syntactic gemination wordboundary 1 italian raddoppiamento sintattico central southern italian nevertheless conditions appears seem vary considerably among dialects speakers instance example casa kkasa taken lepschy lepschy 1981 accepted dialect italian colleague university 2 3 biblical hebrew phenician languages definite article ha triggers gemination initial consonant following word except certain consonants instance bh su horse ha ssu horse would seem apply phenician see grammars segert van den branden although one epigraphic attestation punic explanation protoarticle reconstructed han hal hal su su reinterpreted ha ssu hypothesis connected arabic data final c article al assimilated initial c following word least socalled sun cs instance samak f ish 46or arabic gibson adds tunisian arabic clearer case schwa shaaf aw 3sf saw shaaf ttu aw 3sf3sm saw doubling done maintain syllable structure the20 normal way would normally expect elision shaaft u but20 happen 3s feminine past 4 classical greek attic greek wordinitial r goes rr certain conditions word ending short final v epic texts dialects gemination extended sonants l n even find pp attested boeotian four languages instances known posted query incidentally note different cases latin hic hoc pronounced hikk hokk word beginning v form hokk original hikk analogically modelled diachrony forces us say hokk simplified hok c initial word additional data kindly supplied respondents paste freely 5 finnish eccles siiroinen strade consonant gemination word boundaries certain cases finnish morphologically conditioned though syntactic several morphemes forms trigger imperative 2nd person singular ota take otas se take allative case annan sinulle give toyou annan sinullek kirjan give toyou book nouns ending e kirje letter kirjet tuli letter arrived examples negative forms en mene sinne nt go pronounced20 en menes sinne negation v stem verb go 20 1 sg imperative la mene sinne nt go 20 pronounced 20 la menes sinne neg verb imp 2 sg also called 1 infinitive ha nen pita isi tulla ta nne ought to20 come pron tullat ta nne 20 inf 1 20 background gemination historical loss final consonant suffixless verbal stem mentioned infinitive form consonant assimilated following consonant disappeared without trace end position front vowel gemination following consonant retained feature nt marked orthography 6 7 tamil malayalam christdas wiltshire tamil gemination word initial stops following words case markings accusative least brief account found christdas prathima 1987 constraining power lexical phonology evidence tamil mcdonough j plunkett eds proceedings nels 17 volume 1 122146 20 syntactic gemination also found malayalam closely related language 8 celtic languages phillips celtic languages mutations changes beginnings words due syntactic environment types mutations include prefixing h n vowel voicing devoicing nasalising etc consonants one mutations old irish gemination welsh spirant mutation historically cognate irish gemination e g ci dog tri chi three dogs cath chi cat dog though gemination old irish occurred much wider range environments mutations breton realised phonetically gemination though spelt otherwise cases c mutation see mention verhijede fulla southern paiute 9 kelantan dialect malay gil kelantan dialect malay agents passive clauses ie phrases marked preposition standard malay rather gemination initial consonant cb understand correctly preposition ellipted b word internal syntactic gemination word internal syntactic gemination seems widespread probably gemination wordboundary pointed nevin many languages phonotactic effects apply certain syntactically defined domains example roots verb stems affixes hale adds number languages show process quite large instance oceanic examples rate sanskrit meter believed preclassical homeric greek show processes specific instances b 1 classical greek word internal r geminated rr augment vowel compounds variably b 2 choctaw haag choctaw muskogean lg n america inflectional form aspect marking involves deformation stem medial consonant geminated inserted geminated requisite number syllables falama return becoming fallaama finally return ala arrive becomes ayyaala finally arriv e b 2 sakao guy sakao language spoken espiritu santo vanuatu formerly new hebrides direct object incorporated verb initial c verb geminated examples son 3d hunt shoot bow enes 3d fish moson enes 3d fishing fish bow mossones 3d fishes fish bow generally il peche l arc analysis mv 3eme p sg realis sson20 nes enes disappearance compulsory article v simplification two n inro one n nb 3d open ipa open pullum ladusaw p 117 e 3d open e ipa epsilon b 3 biblical hebrew gil adds hebrew biblical hebrew 2nd binyan pi99el formed reduplication 2nd root consonant together appropriate choice vowels part binyan system considered derivational hence strictly speaking syntactic however cases 2nd binyan transitive causitive first case gemination plus vowel pattern syntactic function let end theoretical note quoting verhijde question touches upon fields interaction morphologysyntax phonology prosody far know c gemination strictly phonological thus understand question correctly wish find whether languages appear morphological syntactic triggers c gemination huge bulk material sandhi effects example italian rs case mentioned query perhaps ellen kaisse 1985 _ connected speech _ may help respect query thinking phonological point view c gemination really share melody abstract terms share x correct example c mutation like fula southern paiute celtic languages syntactic considerations may become interesting thans generously answered question claude boisson universite lumiere lyon france claude boisson mrash fr