The following is a list of back conditions commonly treated by physiatrists: 1  Back pain, sciatica. 2  Muscle and ligament injuries. 3  Work injuries. 4  Myofacial pain. 5  Fibromyalgia. 6  Spinal cord injury. 7  Osteoarthritis. 8  Ankylosing spondylitis. 9  Osteoporosis.