Introduction. This fact sheet provides basic information about garlicâcommon names, what the science says, potential side effects and cautions, and resources for more information. Garlic is the edible bulb from a plant in the lily family. It has been used as both a medicine and a spice for thousands of years.Garlicâs most common folk or traditional uses as a. are for high cholesterol, heart disease, and high blood pressure.Other folk or traditional uses include prevention of certain types of cancer, including stomach and colon cancers.arlicâs most common folk or traditional uses as a. are for high cholesterol, heart disease, and high blood pressure. Other folk or traditional uses include prevention of certain types of cancer, including stomach and colon cancers.