In Russian the meaning of the name Pauline is: Little. American Meaning: The name Pauline is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Pauline is: Little. Latin Meaning: The name Pauline is a Latin baby name.In Latin the meaning of the name Pauline is: Little; small.he name Pauline is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Pauline is: Little. Latin Meaning: The name Pauline is a Latin baby name.