text:
Applications of algebraic topology in computer science, neuroscience, cancer research, and chemical engineering.
W. Dwyer; K. Hess; B. Knudsen : Configuration Spaces Of Products; Transactions Of The American Mathematical Society. 2019-02-15. DOI : 10.1090/tran/7617.
I. Malinovic / F. Eisenbrand; Y. Faenza (Dir.) : On approximation algorithms and polyhedral relaxations for knapsack problems, and clustered planarity testing. Lausanne, EPFL, 2019. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-9277.
K. Hess; M. Kedziorek : The Homotopy Theory Of Coalgebras Over Simplicial Comonads; Homology Homotopy And Applications. 2019-01-01. DOI : 10.4310/HHA.2019.v21.n1.a11.
A. G. Marcone / M. Troyanov (Dir.) : A Gauss-Bonnet Theorem for Asymptotically Conical Manifolds and Manifolds with Conical Singularities. Lausanne, EPFL, 2019. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-9275.
R. Flores; J. Scherer : Cellular Covers of Local Groups; Mediterranean Journal Of Mathematics. 2018-12-01. DOI : 10.1007/s00009-018-1273-y.
M. F. Aprile / F. Eisenbrand; Y. Faenza (Dir.) : On some problems related to 2-level polytopes. Lausanne, EPFL, 2018. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-9025.
C. M. Gippa / N. Monod (Dir.) : Kazhdan's Property (T) and Property (FH) for measured groupoids. Lausanne, EPFL, 2018. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-8755.
Y. Lee; S. D. Barthel; P. Dłotko; S. M. Moosavi; K. Hess et al. : High-Throughput Screening Approach for Nanoporous Materials Genome Using Topological Data Analysis: Application to Zeolites; Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. 2018. DOI : 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00253.
R. Jeitziner / C. Brisken; K. Hess Bellwald (Dir.) : Development of topological tools for the analysis of biological data. Lausanne, EPFL, 2018. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-8835.
D. S. Corneil / W. Gerstner (Dir.) : Model-based reinforcement learning and navigation in animals and machines. Lausanne, EPFL, 2018. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-8950.
M. T. Korhonen / D. Testerman (Dir.) : Reductive overgroups of distinguished unipotent elements in simple algebraic groups. Lausanne, EPFL, 2018. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-8362.
S. H. Nassajianmojarrad / J. Pach (Dir.) : On some algebraic and extremal problems in discrete geometry. Lausanne, EPFL, 2017. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-8115.
A. C. Vâlculescu / J. Pach (Dir.) : Algebraic and topological methods in combinatorics. Lausanne, EPFL, 2017. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-7855.
D. Zaganidis / K. Hess Bellwald (Dir.) : Towards an (∞,2)-category of homotopy coherent monads in an ∞-cosmos. Lausanne, EPFL, 2017. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-7748.
M. Gheysens / N. Monod (Dir.) : Representing groups against all odds. Lausanne, EPFL, 2017. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-7823.
Y. Lee; S. D. Barthel; P. Dlotko; S. M. Moosavi; K. Hess et al. : Quantifying similarity of pore-geometry in nanoporous materials; Nature Communications. 2017. DOI : 10.1038/ncomms15396.
K. Hess; M. Kedziorek; E. Riehl; B. Shipley : A necessary and sufficient condition for induced model structures; Journal Of Topology. 2017. DOI : 10.1112/topo.12011.
M. Fournier; M. Scolamiero; M. Gholam-Rezaee; H. Moser; C. Ferrari et al. : Topological Analyses Of Metabolomic Data To Identify Markers Of Early Psychosis And Disease Biotypes. 2017. 16th International Congress on Schizophrenia Research (ICOSR), San Diego, CA, MAR 24-28, 2017. p. S211-S212.
M. Rovelli / K. Hess Bellwald (Dir.) : Towards new invariants for principal bundles. Lausanne, EPFL, 2017. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-7610.
L. Grzeczkowski / M. Herzog; F. Mast (Dir.) : Hyper-specificity of perceptual learning. Lausanne, EPFL, 2016. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-7311.
D. Boccalini / T. Hausel (Dir.) : Homology of the three flag Hilbert Scheme. Lausanne, EPFL, 2016. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-7244.
R. Grandi / T. Hausel (Dir.) : Motivic invariants of moduli spaces of rank 2 Bradlow-Higgs triples. Lausanne, EPFL, 2016. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-7120.
K. R. Werndli / K. Hess Bellwald; J. Scherer (Dir.) : Cellular Homotopy Excision. Lausanne, EPFL, 2016. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-7127.
A. J. Ruiz Vargas / J. Pach (Dir.) : Simple topological graphs. Lausanne, EPFL, 2016. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-6889.
M. M. Steinlechner / D. Kressner (Dir.) : Riemannian Optimization for Solving High-Dimensional Problems with Low-Rank Tensor Structure. Lausanne, EPFL, 2016. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-6958.
T. Dumont / N. Monod (Dir.) : Cocycle growth for the Steinberg representation. Lausanne, EPFL, 2016. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-6599.
K. Hess; B. Shipley : Waldhausen K-theory of spaces via comodules; Advances in Mathematics. 2016. DOI : 10.1016/j.aim.2015.12.019.
K. Hess : The Hochschild complex of a twisting cochain; Journal of Algebra. 2016. DOI : 10.1016/j.jalgebra.2015.11.040.
M. Bayeh; K. Hess; V. Karpova; M. Kedziorek; E. Riehl et al. : Left-Induced Model Structures and Diagram Categories. 2015. WIT: Women in Topology Workshop, Banff Int Res Stn, Banff, CANADA, AUG 18-23, 2013. p. 49-81. DOI : 10.1090/conm/641/12859.
C. Brisken; K. Hess Bellwald; R. Jeitziner : Progesterone and Overlooked Endocrine Pathways in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis; Endocrinology. 2015. DOI : 10.1210/en.2015-1392.
R. F. Chevalley / J. Thévenaz (Dir.) : Sur quelques foncteurs de bi-ensembles. Lausanne, EPFL, 2015. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-6753.
M. Cavallin / D. Testerman (Dir.) : Restricting representations of classical algebraic groups to maximal subgroups. Lausanne, EPFL, 2015. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-6583.
M. Stephan / K. Hess Bellwald (Dir.) : Kan spectra, group spectra and twisting structures. Lausanne, EPFL, 2015. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-6466.
M. Bayeh; K. Hess; V. Karpova; M. Kedziorek; E. Riehl et al. : Left-induced model structures and diagram categories; Contemporary Mathematics. 2015. DOI : 10.1090/conm/641/12859.
V. Karpova / K. Hess Bellwald (Dir.) : Homotopic Hopf-Galois extensions of commutative differential graded algebras. Lausanne, EPFL, 2014. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-6150.
W. Dwyer; K. Hess : The Boardman-Vogt tensor product of operadic bimodules; Contemporary Mathematics. 2014. DOI : 10.1090/conm/620/12352.
K. Hess; B. Shipley : The homotopy theory of coalgebras over a comonad; Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 2014. DOI : 10.1112/plms/pdt038.
J. E. Harper; K. Hess : Homotopy completion and topological Quillen homology of structured ring spectra; Geometry & Topology. 2013. DOI : 10.2140/gt.2013.17.1325.
E. D. Farjoun; K. Hess : Normal and conormal maps in homotopy theory; Homology, Homotopy and Applications. 2012. DOI : 10.4310/HHA.2012.v14.n1.a5.
K. Hess : Multiplicative structure in equivariant cohomology; Journal Of Pure And Applied Algebra. 2012. DOI : 10.1016/j.jpaa.2011.12.012.
W. Dwyer; K. Hess : Long knots and maps between operads; Geometry and Topology. 2012. DOI : 10.2140/gt.2012.16.919.
P. Müller / K. Hess-Bellwald (Dir.) : Homotopic Descent over Monoidal Model Categories. Lausanne, EPFL, 2011. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-5200.
L. Kiwi : Cobordism, Cohomology Theories and Formal Group Laws ; 2011.
V. Karpova : Why H Z-algebra Spectra are Differential Graded Algebras? ; 2010.
P. Egger : A homotopy-equivalence between Cacti and Configuration Spaces ; 2010.
I. Amrani / K. Hess-Bellwald (Dir.) : Catégories simpliciales enrichies et K-théorie de Waldhausen. Lausanne, EPFL, 2010. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-4862.
N. Michel / K. Hess-Bellwald (Dir.) : Categorical Foundations for K-theory. Lausanne, EPFL, 2010. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-4861.
K. Hess; J. Scott : Twisting structures and strongly homotopy morphisms; preprint. 2010.
K. Hess; A. Tonks : The loop group and the cobar construction; Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society. 2010.
L. Antonioli : Les groupes d'homotopie supérieurs et la longue suite exacte d'une fibration ; 2009.
L. Kiwi : Topics in Homological Algebra ; 2009.
V. Karpova : Complex Topological K-theory ; 2009.
T. Naïto / K. Hess-Bellwald (Dir.) : Coalgèbres d'Alexander-Whitney. Lausanne, EPFL, 2009. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-4381.
K. Hess : Homotopic Hopf-Galois extensions: foundations and examples; Geometry and Topology Monographs. 2009.
K. Hess; P.-E. Parent; J. A. Scott : CoHochschild homology of chain coalgebras; Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra. 2009. DOI : 10.1016/j.jpaa.2008.08.001.
L. Kiwi : Algèbres de Hopf ; 2008.
F. Mayencourt : Noeuds et invariants de Vassiliev ; 2008.
V. Karpova : Théories d'homologie et de cohomologie généralisées ; 2008.
J. Brunner / K. Hess-Bellwald (Dir.) : The link between the infinite mapping class group of the disk and the braid group on infinitely many strands. Lausanne, EPFL, 2008. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-4132.
K. Hess : Rational homotopy theory: a brief introduction. 2007. University of Chicago, July 26-August 6, 2004. p. 175-202.
K. Hess; P.-E. Parent; A. Tonks; K. Worytkiewicz : A model structure à la Thomason on 2 - CAT; Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra. 2007. DOI : 10.1016/j.jpaa.2005.12.010.
K. Hess; P.-E. Parent; J. Scott : A chain coalgebra model for the James map; Homology, Homotopy and Applications. 2007.
K. Hess; R. Levi : An algebraic model for the loop space homology of a homotopy fiber; Algebr. Geom. Topol.. 2007. DOI : 10.2140/agt.2007.7.1699.
C. Bujard : Towards a general theory of homotopic Hopf-Galois extensions ; 2006.
D. Arlettaz; K. Hess : An alpine anthology of homotopy theory. Proceedings of the 2nd Arolla conference on algebraic topology, Arolla, Switzerland, August 24-29, 2004. (English). 2006.
K. Hess : An algebraic model for mod 2 topological cyclic homology; String Topology and Cyclic Homology; Birkhäuser, 2006. p. 97-163.
R. L. Cohen; K. Hess; A. A. Voronov : String Topology and Cyclic Homology ; Birkhäuser.
K. Hess; P.-E. Parent; J. Scott; A. Tonks : A canonical enriched Adams-Hilton model for simplicial sets; Adv. Math.. 2006.
B. Pochon / R. Guerraoui (Dir.) : Transformations in distributed computations and applications to set agreement. Lausanne, EPFL, 2006. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-3587.
K. Hess; P.-E. Parent; A. Tonks; K. Worytkiewicz : Simulations as homotopies; Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science. 2004. DOI : 10.1016/j.entcs.2004.08.016.
S. Blanc / K. Hess-Bellwald (Dir.) : Modèles tordus d'espaces de lacets libres et fonctionnels. Lausanne, EPFL, 2004. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-3102.
N. Dupont; K. Hess : Commutative free loop space models at large primes; Math. Z.. 2003. DOI : 10.1007/s00209-003-0206-y.
S. Blanc; R. Guerraoui; K. Hess; P. Kouznetsov; P.-E. Parent et al. : Using the topological characterization of synchronous models; Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science. 2003. DOI : 10.1016/S1571-0661(04)80834-X.
O. Sauvageot / K. Hess-Bellwald (Dir.) : Stabilisation des complexes croisés. Lausanne, EPFL, 2003. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-2692.
K. Hess : Review of "Rational Homotopy Theory" by Félix, Halperin and Thomas; Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society. 2002.
K. Hess; P.-E. Parent : Emergence of the Witt group in the cellular lattice of rational spaces; Transactions of the American Mathematical Society. 2002. DOI : 10.1090/S0002-9947-02-03049-0.
K. Hess : Model categories in algebraic topology; Applied Categorical Structures. 2002. DOI : 10.1023/A:1015218106586.
N. Dupont; K. Hess : An algebraic model for homotopy fibers; Homology, Homotopy and Applications. 2002.
N. Dupont; K. Hess : Hochschild cohomology is topological; J. Pure Appl. Algebra. 2001. DOI : 10.1016/S0022-4049(00)00171-7.
K. Gafaiti / M. Troyanov (Dir.) : Algèbres de Royden et homéomorphismes à p-dilatation bornée entre espaces métriques mesurés. Lausanne, EPFL, 2001. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-2422.
D. Arlettaz; K. Hess : Une dégustation topologique: homotopy theory in the Swiss Alps : Proceedings of the Arolla conference on algebraic topology, Arolla, Switzerland, August 25-September 1, 1999.. 2000. Une dégustation topologique: homotopy theory in the Swiss Alps.
K. Hess : Perturbation and transfer of generic algebraic structure. 1999. Higher homotopy structures in topology and mathematical physics, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA, June 13-15, 1996. p. 103-143.
K. Hess : A history of rational homotopy theory; History of Topology; Elsevier Science B.V., 1999. p. 757-796.
N. Dupont; K. Hess : How to model the free loop space algebraically; Math. Ann.. 1999. DOI : 10.1007/s002080050303.
N. Dupont; K. Hess : Noncommutative algebraic models for fiber squares; Math. Ann.. 1999. DOI : 10.1007/s002080050302.
C. Oberson / K. Hess-Bellwald (Dir.) : Degré d'entrelacement de chaînes polygonales et application à l'étude des polymères. Lausanne, EPFL, 1999. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-2009.
F. Simoncini / K. Hess-Bellwald (Dir.) : Autour de quelques invariants d'homotopie rationnelle. Lausanne, EPFL, 1998. DOI : 10.5075/epfl-thesis-1893.
K. Hess; J.-M. Lemaire : Nice and lazy cell attachments; J. Pure Appl. Algebra. 1996. DOI : 10.1016/0022-4049(95)00131-X.
K. Hess; J.-M. Lemaire : Generalizing a definition of Lusternik and Schnirelmann to model categories; Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra. 1994. DOI : 10.1016/0022-4049(94)90140-6.
N. Dupont; K. Hess : Twisted tensor models for fibrations; J. Pure Appl. Algebra. 1994. DOI : 10.1016/0022-4049(94)90136-8.
K. Hess : Mild and tame homotopy theory; Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra. 1993. DOI : 10.1016/0022-4049(93)90003-C.
K. Hess : Twisted tensor products of DGA's and the Adams-Hilton model for the total space of a fibration. 1992. Adams Memorial Symposium on Algebraic Topology, Manchester, 1990. p. 29-51.
K. Hess : A proof of Ganea's conjecture for rational spaces; Topology. 1991. DOI : 10.1016/0040-9383(91)90006-P.
K. Hess : A general framework for homotopic descent and codescent; preprint.
The theme of the working group varies from year to year. Examples of recent topics studied include: Galois theory of ring spectra, duality in algebra and topology, and topological algebraic geometry.
The theme of the working group varies from year to year. Examples of recent topics studied include: Galois theory of ring spectra, duality in algebra and topology, topological algebraic geometry and twisted K-theory.

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Life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus (cystic echinococcosis).
Adult worm of Echinococcus granulosus. (A) Diagram. (B) Whole mount (note that only three proglottids are present in the adult worm).
Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst. (A) Diagram of unilocular cyst (limiting membrane). (B) Diagram of single immature worm. (C) Diagram of hooklets. (D) Diagram of laminated layers, daughter cysts, and scolices. (Illustration by Sharon Belkin.) GL, germinal layer; LL, laminated layer; FL, fibrous layer.
Life cycle of Echinococcus multilocularis (alveolar hydatid disease).
Life cycle of Taenia (Multiceps) spp.
Life cycle of Spirometra mansonoides and Diphyllobothrium spp. (sparganosis).
1. Aguilar, X.,, J. Fernandez-Muixi,, R. Magarolas,, A. Sauri,, F. Vidal, and, C. Richart. 1998. An unusual presentation of secondary pleural hydatidosis. Eur. Respir. J. 11: 243– 245.
2. Akhan, O.,, S. Bilgic,, D. Akata,, H. Kiratli, and, M. N. Ozmen. 1998. Percutaneous treatment of an orbital hydatid cyst: a new therapeutic approach. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 125: 877– 879.
3. Akhan, O.,, M. N. Ozmen,, A. Dincer,, I. Sayek, and, A. Gocmen. 1996. Liver hydatid disease: long-term results of percutaneous treatment. Radiology 198: 259– 264.
4. Ali, R.,, F. Ozkalemkas,, V. Ozkocaman,, T. Ozcelik,, H. Akalin,, A. Ozkan,, Y. Altundal, and, A. Tunali. 2005. Hydatid disease in acute leukemia: effect of anticancer treatment on echinococcosis. Microbes Infect. 7: 1073– 1076.
5. Babba, H.,, A. Messedi,, S. Masmoudi,, M. Zribi,, R. Grillot,, P. Ambriose-Thomas,, I. Beyrouti, and, Y. Sahnoun. 1994. Diagnosis of human hydatidosis: comparison between imagery and six serologic techniques. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 50: 64– 68.
6. Balik, A. A.,, M. Basoglu,, F. Celebi,, D. Oren,, K. Y. Polat,, S. S. Atamanalp, and, M. N. Akcay. 1999. Surgical treatment of hydatid disease of the liver—review of 304 cases. Arch. Surg. 134: 166– 169.
7. Bart, J. M.,, S. Morariu,, J. Knapp,, M. S. Ilie,, M. Pitulescu,, A. Anghel,, I. Cosoroaba, and, R. Parroux. 2006. Genetic typing of Echinococcus granulosus in Romania. Parasitol. Res. 98: 130– 137.
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10. Berk, C.,, E. Ciftci, and, A. Erdogan. 1998. MRI in primary intraspinal extradural hydatid disease: case report. Neuroradiology 40: 390– 392.
11. Bhojraj, S. Y.,, and N. R. Shetty. 1999. Primary hydatid disease of the spine: an unusual cause of progressive paraplegia—case report and review of the literature. J. Neurosurg. 91(Suppl.): 216– 218.
12. Birincioglu, C. L.,, H. Bardakei,, S. A. Kucuker,, A. T. Ulus,, K. Arda,, B. Yamak, and, O. Tasdemir. 1999. A clinical dilemma: cardiac and pericardiac echinococcosis. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 68: 1290– 1294.
13. Borner, H.,, S. Demertzis,, A. Heisel,, G. Berg,, G. Schneider, and, H. J. Schafers. 1999. Acute cardiac tamponade due to echinococcal cyst of the heart. Z. Kardiol. 88: 1028– 1033.
14. Brechignac, X.,, I. Durieu,, M. Perinetti,, L. Geriniere,, C. Richalet, and, D. V. Durand. 1997. Hydatid cyst of the heart. Presse Med. 26: 663– 665.
15. Bresson-Hadni, S.,, S. Koch,, I. Beurton,, D. A. Vuitton,, B. Bartholomot,, S. Hrusovsky,, B. Heyd,, D. Lenys,, A. Minello,, M. C. Becker,, C. Vanlemmens,, G. A. Mantion, and, J. P. Miguet. 1999. Primary disease recurrence after liver transplantation for alveolar echinococcosis: long-term evaluation in 15 patients. Hepatology 30: 857– 864.
16. Buishi, I.,, T. Walters,, Z. Guildea,, P. Craig, and, S. Palmer. 2005. Reemergence of canine Echinococcus granulosus infection, Wales. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11: 568– 571.
17. Carmona, C.,, R. Perdomo,, A. Carbo,, C. Alvarez,, J. Monti,, R. Grauert,, D. Stern,, G. Perera,, S. Lloyd,, R. Bazini,, M. A. Gemmell, and, L. Yarzabal. 1998. Risk factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis in Florida, Uruguay: results of a mass screening study using ultrasound and serology. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 58: 599– 605.
18. Casero, R. D.,, M. G. Costas, and, E. Menso. 1996. An unusual case of hydatid disease: localization to the gluteus muscle. Clin. Infect. Dis. 23: 395– 396.
19. Ciftcioglu, M. A.,, M. I. Yildirgan,, M. N. Akcay,, A. Reis,, M. Safali, and, E. Aktas. 1997. Fine needle aspiration biopsy in hepatic Echinococcus multilocularis. Acta Cytol. 41: 649– 652.
20. Clavel, A.,, M. Varea,, O. Doiz,, L. Lopez,, J. Quilez,, F. J. Castillo,, C. Rubio, and, R. Gomez-Lus. 1999. Visualization of hydatid elements: comparison of several techniques. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37: 1561– 1563.
21. Cohen, H.,, E. Paolillo,, R. Bonifacino,, B. Botta,, L. Parada,, P. Cabrera,, K. Showden,, R. Gasser,, R. Tessier,, L. Dibarboure,, H. Wen,, J. C. Allan,, H. S. D. Alfaro,, M. T. Rogan, and, P. S. Craig. 1998. Human cystic echinococcosis in a Uruguayan community: a sonographic, serologic, and epidemiologic study. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 59: 620– 627.
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24. Deplazes, P.,, P. Alther,, I. Tanner,, R. C. A. Thompson, and, J. Eckert. 1999. Echinococcus multilocularis coproantigen detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in fox, dog, and cat populations. J. Parasitol. 85: 115– 121.
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27. Diaz-Recasens, J.,, A. Garcia-Enguidanos,, I. Munoz, and, R. S. de la Cuesta. 1998. Ultrasonographic appearance of an Echinococcus ovarian cyst. Obstet. Gynecol. 91: 841– 842.
28. Diebold-Berger, S.,, H. Khan,, B. Gottstein,, E. Puget,, J. L. Frossard, and, S. Remadi. 1997. Cytologic diagnosis of isolated pancreatic alveolar hydatid disease with immunologic and PCR analyses—a case report. Acta Cytol. 41: 1381– 1386.
29. Dinkel, A.,, M. von Nickisch-Rosenegk,, B. Bilger,, M. Merli,, R. Lucius, and, T. Romig. 1998. Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in the definitive host: coprodiagnosis by PCR as an alternative to necropsy. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 1871– 1876.
30. Dreweck, C. M.,, P. T. Soboslay,, H. Schulz-Key,, B. Gottstein, and, P. Kern. 1999. Cytokine and chemokine secretion by human peripheral blood cells in response to viable Echinococcus multilocularis metacestode vesicles. Parasite Immunol. 21: 433– 438.
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38. Franchi, C.,, B. Di Vico, and, A. Teggi. 1999. Long-term evaluation of patients with hydatidosis treated with benzimidazole carbamates. Clin. Infect. Dis. 29: 304– 309.
39. Frider, B.,, E. Larrieu, and, M. Odriozola. 1999. Long-term outcome of asymptomatic liver hydatidosis. J. Hepatol. 30: 228– 231.
40. Gadea, I.,, G. Ayala,, M. T. Diego,, A. Cunat, and, J. G. de Lomas. 1999. Immunological diagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis: utility of discriminant analysis applied to the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 6: 504– 508.
41. Garcia, J. I. L.,, E. Alonso,, J. Gonzalez-Uriarte, and, D. R. Romano. 1997. Evaluation of scolicidal agents in an experimental hydatid disease model. Eur. Surg. Res. 29: 202– 208.
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The FCC recently issued a Declaratory Ruling and an Order that provide some clarity in the TCPA arena and create a new exemption for certain types of text messages and calls. In sum, the FCC clarified that a company may obtain “prior express consent” through an intermediary for the purpose of sending administrative text messages. In addition, the FCC created an exemption for package delivery companies to send delivery notification text messages and make autodialed calls to mobile numbers in the absence of prior express consent. Even for companies not directly affected by these changes, the ruling and a concurring statement by a new FCC commissioner may provide some guidance for marketing messages and foreshadow the direction of future FCC action. Read our full analysis below.
As an initial matter, it is important to clarify the scope of the GroupMe ruling: It applies only to non-advertising/non-telemarketing messages, which require “prior express consent.” It has no effect on advertising/telemarketing messages, which now require “prior express written consent.” However, the ruling includes several nuggets that may have broader applicability, including within the marketing realm.
GroupMe provides an online service that enables up to fifty individuals to send group text messages to each other. The group creator signs up, agrees to terms of service, which require the group creator to represent that each individual added to the group has consented to be added and to receive text messages, and then provides GroupMe with the mobile phone numbers of the group members. GroupMe then sends up to four text messages to each group member, informing each member of information about the group creator, the names of the individuals who comprise the group, the unique ten-digit number GroupMe assigned to the group, instructions on how to stop receiving text messages associated with the group, and instructions to download the free GroupMe app. GroupMe petitioned the FCC for a declaratory ruling that the message recipient’s consent included the messages that GroupMe sends.
In the declaratory ruling, the FCC ruled that “text-based social networks may send administrative texts confirming consumers’ interest in joining such groups without violating the TCPA because, when consumers give express consent to participate in the group, they are the types of expected and desired communications TCPA was not designed to prohibit, even when that consent is conveyed to the text-based social network by an intermediary.” (GroupMe Ruling, at 1.) In other words, an intermediary may convey a message recipient’s consent to receive non-advertising/telemarketing messages to a social network, and that social network may send its own administrative (i.e., non-advertising/telemarketing) messages to the consumer within the scope of that consent. Nothing in the ruling suggests that the social network may also send marketing messages based on that consent.
The FCC’s ruling adds another wrinkle to the social network’s potential liability: “To the extent that a consumer, in the absence of instructions to the contrary, agrees to participate in a GroupMe group, agrees to receive associated calls and texts, and provides his or her wireless telephone number to the group organizer for that purpose, we interpret that as encompassing consent for GroupMe to send certain administrative texts that relate to the operation of that GroupMe group.” (GroupMe Ruling, at 5 ¶ 11.) Thus, if the consumer actually provides contrary instructions (e.g., “but I do not consent to receive administrative messages from the messaging platform”), the FCC’s ruling may imply that the social network is responsible for honoring those contrary instructions. The intermediary would first need to convey those contrary instructions to the social network, and the social network would then need to have some way of honoring those instructions (or refusing to serve the consumer who provided contrary instructions). If the social network has no way of receiving or processing such “contrary instructions” before delivering text messages, that social network may face TCPA liability.
The FCC’s GroupMe Ruling is actually quite limited. Under its plain terms, the ruling only permits prior express consent to be provided through an intermediary and authorizes a messaging platform to send administrative messages within the scope of the user’s consent.
The FCC’s 1992 Statement Has Continued Vitality. It is also significant that the GroupMe ruling re-emphasizes the continued applicability of the FCC’s 1992 statement that “persons who knowingly release their phone numbers have in effect given their invitation or permission to be called at the number which they have given, absent instructions to the contrary.” (GroupMe Ruling, at 4 ¶ 10.) Although the FCC had not relied on this statement for many years in TCPA orders, there has been a recent trend for district courts to dismiss TCPA cases based on this statement. See, e.g., Kolinek v. Walgreen Co., 2014 WL 518174 (N.D. Ill. Feb. 10, 2014); Baird v. Sabre Inc., 2014 WL 320205, --- F.Supp. 2d ---- (C.D. Cal. Jan. 28, 2014); Roberts v. PayPal, Inc., 2013 WL 2384242 (N.D. Cal. May 30, 2013); Pinkard v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 2012 WL 5511039 (N.D. Ala. Nov. 9, 2012). The FCC’s affirmation of this statement suggests that these district court cases are on sound legal footing.
A Text Message Providing A Link to an App May Not Be Advertising in Some Cases. It is noteworthy that the FCC considered “instructions to download the free GroupMe app” to fall under the “administrative text” (i.e., non-advertising/telemarketing) umbrella when the app was not required to use the service. Users could still use the service through SMS, but the app would transmit group messages to be transmitted using data. However, it may be relevant that these instructions were not sent alone: they were accompanied by “information about the group creator, the names of the individuals who comprise the group, the unique ten-digit number GroupMe assigned to the group, [and] instructions on how to stop receiving text messages associated with the group.” (GroupMe Ruling, at 4 n.22.) These precise types of text messages – texts with a link to download an app – had been challenged by the plaintiff in the class action Glauser v. Twilio, Inc. as “advertisements” that are “sent solely to benefit Defendants.” See Complaint, Glauser v. Twilio, Inc., No. CV 11 2584 (N.D. Cal. May 27, 2011), at ¶¶ 23, 25. It appears now that the FCC may not agree with the plaintiff’s allegations.
This ruling also calls to mind the Ninth Circuit’s holding in Chesboro v. Best Buy Stores, L.P., where the appellate court held that robocalls urging a consumer to redeem expiring rewards points were telemarketing calls because they encouraged a future purchase (even though that purchase may have been free). 705 F.3d 913, 918 (9th Cir. 2012). The facts underlying the GroupMe Ruling and Chesboro are similar in the sense that in both cases, consumers provided some degree of consent, and the companies delivered a message that encouraged consumers to act in a way that would benefit both the company and the consumer. Best Buy’s consumers already consented to participate in the rewards program; and the robocall, while benefitting Best Buy by encouraging the customer to come into the store to make a purchase, also benefitted the consumer to use the points which would provide either a discount or possibly free merchandise. GroupMe’s users likewise already consented to participate in the service; and the text message would benefit GroupMe by having more individuals use its app and potentially benefit the consumer by using data instead of SMS messages. Under Chesboro, GroupMe’s act of sending instructions for downloading an app might be considered to be advertising or telemarketing under the theory that it encourages engagement in a commercial activity. Thus, the FCC’s ruling and Chesboro are potentially inconsistent. It will be interesting to see how a court addresses a potential future challenge to Chesboro based on this FCC declaratory order.
In a separate Order, the FCC exercised its statutory authority to create an exemption for companies to send free-to-end-user package delivery notifications via text message and through automated calls in the absence of prior express consent, subject to restrictions established by the FCC in the Order. This is the first time that the FCC has exercised its authority to issue an exemption under the TCPA. Because this exemption is solely for package delivery notifications, the Order does not apply in other contexts.
[These orders] will provide much needed clarity in an area where uncertainty can inhibit legitimate businesses from offering consumer-friendly applications and services, and can breed litigation. They will also directly benefit consumers by enabling them to receive package delivery notifications they want and expect, and by ensuring that they can take advantage of a service that helps connect groups of friends, families, and colleagues.
My only hesitation is on the applicability of the TCPA to text messages. The TCPA was enacted in 1991 – before the first text message was ever sent. I was not at the Commission when it decided that the TCPA does apply to text messages, and I may have approached it differently. It would have been better if the Commission had gone back to Congress for clear guidance on the issue. I will look for opportunities, like the ones presented here, to ensure that our rules do not stand in the way of innovation and certainty that benefits consumers and businesses alike.
To be clear, this concurring statement does not cast doubt on the FCC’s actual ruling that the TCPA applies to text messages. Only time will tell how Commissioner O’Rielly’s stance will affect future FCC decision-making.
 The term “prior express consent” is not defined in the TCPA, and courts have not ruled consistently regarding what constitutes consent. On the one hand, the Ninth Circuit has held that “express consent” under the TCPA means “consent that is clearly and unmistakably stated,” while a growing body of district court decisions hold that a customer’s provision of a phone number is an invitation to be called (or texted), absent instructions to the contrary. Compare Satterfield v. Simon & Schuster, Inc., 569 F.3d 946 (9th Cir. 2009), with Kolinek v. Walgreen Co., 2014 WL 518174 (N.D. Ill. Feb. 10, 2014), Baird v. Sabre Inc., 2014 WL 320205, --- F.Supp. 2d ---- (C.D. Cal. Jan. 28, 2014), Roberts v. PayPal, Inc., 2013 WL 2384242 (N.D. Cal. May 30, 2013), and Pinkard v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 2012 WL 5511039 (N.D. Ala. Nov. 9, 2012).
 The TCPA defines “prior express written consent” to mean “an agreement, in writing, bearing the signature of the person called that clearly authorizes the seller to deliver or cause to be delivered to the person called advertisements or telemarketing messages using an automatic telephone dialing system or an artificial or prerecorded voice, and the telephone number to which the signatory authorizes such advertisements or telemarketing messages to be delivered.” 47 CFR 64.1200(f)(8). A “clear and conspicuous disclosure” of certain information is also required. Id. Consent obtained in compliance with the E-SIGN Act satisfies the writing requirement. In re Rules & Regulations Implementing the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991, 77 FR 34233, 34236-37 (2012).
 Under the TCPA, the FCC is authorized to issue an exemption for “calls to a telephone number assigned to a cellular telephone service that are not charged to the called party, subject to such conditions as the Commission may prescribe as necessary in the interest of the privacy rights this section is intended to protect.” See 47 U.S.C. § 227(b)(2)(C).


text:
E. Albert, G. Puebla, M. V. Hermenegildo. Abstract Interpretation-based Mobile Code Certification. Proc. of International Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP'04), LNCS, Num. 3132, pages 446-447, Springer-Verlag, September 2004. Extended Abstract.
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CORE: B. CiteseerX position (ave) top 58%, impact (ave) 0.092. Average position: top 61%.
J. Morales, M. Carro, M. V. Hermenegildo. Improving the Compilation of Prolog to C Using Moded Types and Determinism Information. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 3057, pages 86-103, Springer-Verlag, June 2004.
J. Correas, J. M. Gomez, M. Carro, D. Cabeza, M. V. Hermenegildo. A Generic Persistence Model for CLP Systems (And Two Useful Implementations). Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages, LNCS, Num. 3057, pages 104-119, Springer-Verlag, June 2004.
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JCR: position (ave) top 48%, impact (ave) 0.81, subject(s): COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS CORE: A. CiteseerX position (ave) top 100%, impact (ave) 0.000. Average position: top 56%.
F. Bueno, P. López-García, M. V. Hermenegildo. Multivariant Non-Failure Analysis via Standard Abstract Interpretation. 7th International Symposium on Functional and Logic Programming (FLOPS 2004), LNCS, Num. 2998, pages 100-116, Springer-Verlag, April 2004.
F. Bueno, M. García de la Banda. Set-Sharing is not always redundant for Pair-Sharing. 7th International Symposium on Functional and Logic Programming (FLOPS 2004), LNCS, Num. 2998, 15 pages, Springer-Verlag, April 2004.
Patrick G. T. Healey, Nik Swoboda, James King. Co-ordinating Conventions in Graphical Dialogue: Effects of Repetition and Interaction. Diagrammatic Representation and Inference, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Num. 2980, pages 286-300, Springer-Verlag, 2004.
Nicolas Fay, Nik Swoboda, Takugo Fukaya, Ichiro Umata, Yasuhiro Katagiri. Using Graphics to Communicate Across Cultures. Diagrammatic Representation and Inference, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Num. 2980, pages 347-350, Springer-Verlag, 2004.
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Susana Muñoz, José M. Gómez, Petra Hofstedt. Proceedings of WLPE 2004. 131 pages, INSA Rennes, September 2004.
M. V. Hermenegildo, E. Albert, P. López-García, G. Puebla. Some Techniques for Automated, Resource-Aware Distributed and Mobile Computing in a Multi-Paradigm Programming System. Proc. of EURO-PAR 2004, LNCS, Num. 3149, pages 21-37, Springer-Verlag, August 2004.
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G. Puebla, J. Correas, M. V. Hermenegildo, F. Bueno, M. García de la Banda, K. Marriott, P. J. Stuckey. A Generic Framework for Context-Sensitive Analysis of Modular Programs. Program Development in Computational Logic, A Decade of Research Advances in Logic-Based Program Development, LNCS, Num. 3049, pages 234-261, Springer-Verlag, August 2004.
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CORE: B. CiteseerX position (ave) top 92%, impact (ave) 0.010. Average position: top 78%.
Nik Swoboda, Gerard Allwein. Using DAG Transformations to Verify Euler/Venn Homogeneous and Euler/Venn FOL Heterogeneous Rules of Inference. Journal on Software & System Modeling, Vol. 3, Num. 2, pages 136-149, May 2004. The origional publication is available at springerlink.com (DOI) 10.1007/s10270-003-0044-8.
CORE: B. CiteseerX position (ave) top 68%, impact (ave) 0.020. Average position: top 66%.
Patrick G.T. Healey, Nik Swoboda. A Perspective on Language Evolution from Studies of Graphical Languages. Proceedings of Evolution of Language: Fifth International Conference, pages 52-52, March 2004.
E. Albert, G. Puebla, M. V. Hermenegildo. Abstract Interpretation-based Code Certification for Pervasive Systems: Preliminary Experiments. Workshop on Software Analysis and Development for Pervasive Systems (SONDA'04), pages 1-6, August 2004.
G. Puebla, E. Albert. Efficient Leftmost Unfolding with Ancestor Stacks. Pre-proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Logic-based Program Synthesis and Transformation (LOPSTR'04), August 2004.
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In its opinion filed on May 3, 2016, the Supreme Court of the State of Hawai’i (“Hawaii Supreme Court”) discussed the requirements for a Hawaii physician to obtain informed consent from a patient for medical treatment, stating that the standard for a physician’s duty to disclose information to the patient is prescribed by HRS § 671-3(b).
The Hawaii Supreme Court stated that a plaintiff must prove the following elements for a claim of negligent failure to obtain informed consent: (1) the physician owed a duty of disclosure under HRS § 671-3(b); (2) the physician breached that duty; (3) the patient suffered injury; (4) the physician’s breach of duty was a cause of the patient’s injury in that (a) the physician’s treatment was a substantial factor in bringing about the patient’s injury and (b) a reasonable person in the plaintiff patient’s position would not have consented to the treatment that led to the injuries had the plaintiff patient been properly informed, and (5) no other cause is a superseding cause of the patient’s injury.
In the case the Hawaii Supreme Court was deciding, the Hawaii medical malpractice plaintiff had undergone back surgery performed by the defendant surgeon after which he alleged that he was worse off than before the surgery. The plaintiff filed his Hawaii medical malpractice lawsuit against the defendant surgeon in which he alleged that the defendant surgeon had negligently failed to obtain his informed consent for the surgery by failing to properly inform him of the risks involved with the surgery and misrepresented the lack of risk involved.
The plaintiff alleged in his Hawaii medical malpractice lawsuit that the defendant surgeon told him that the type of surgery to be performed had a ninety-percent success rate, that he would be “dancing in a couple of days” after the surgery, and that he would be pain-free. The plaintiff’s claim of negligent failure to obtain informed consent was based upon a violation of HRS § 671-3(b)(5)(A) (i.e., that a physician discloses the “recognized material risks of serious complications or mortality associated with . . . [t]he proposed treatment or procedure”).
The Hawaii Supreme Court stated that under HRS § 671-3(b)(5)(A), the plaintiff was required to provide evidence that the risks to which he was subjected, namely a worsened condition and increased pain, were “recognized material risks of serious complications or mortality . . . associated with [t]he proposed treatment or procedure.” The Hawaii Supreme Court further stated, however, that under HRS § 671-3(b), a plaintiff is not required to provide evidence pertaining to the four common law materiality factors in order to establish a prima facie violation of a physician’s duty based upon a particular subsection of HRS § 671-3(b) (the Hawaii Supreme Court stated that the “disclosure of the probabilities of therapeutic success intended” is essentially equivalent to the “anticipated results of the proposed treatment or procedure”).
The Hawaii Supreme Court held that the plaintiff provided sufficient medical evidence, through the defendant surgeon’s deposition testimony, that increased pain and a worsened condition were “recognized material risks of serious complications” of the back surgery performed, and thus this was information required to be disclosed under HRS § 671-3(b)(5)(A).
Whether the defendant surgeon accurately disclosed these “material risks of serious complications” associated with the surgery is disputed: the plaintiff contends that the defendant surgeon told him (1) the proposed back surgery had a ninety-percent success rate, (2) the plaintiff would be “up and dancing” in a few days, and (3) the plaintiff would be pain free; on the other hand, the defendant surgeon contends that (1) he does not discuss percentages with patients, (2) he does not recall discussing with the plaintiff that he would be “up and dancing” after the procedure, although it would be “preposterous” to tell a patient that he or she would be “dancing three days after lumbar spine surgery,” and (3) he denied “unequivocally” that he told the plaintiff that he would have no further pain.
The Hawaii Supreme Court held that viewing the evidence and inferences in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, there is a disputed genuine issue of material fact as to whether the defendant surgeon accurately disclosed the “recognized material risks of serious complications” associated with the procedure performed. The Hawaii Supreme Court held that the circuit court and the ICA erred in concluding that the defendant surgeon was entitled to judgment as a matter of law on the plaintiff’s claim of negligent failure to obtain informed consent under HRS § 671-3(b)(5)(A).
Source Garcia v. Robinson, SCWC-13-0000388.
If a physician failed to obtain your informed consent regarding medical treatment or a medical procedure in Hawaii or elsewhere in the United States, you should promptly consult with a medical malpractice lawyer in Hawaii or in your state who may investigate your lack of informed consent claim for you and represent you in an informed consent case, if appropriate.
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