text:
F Boag, A Callaghan, E Cheserem, M Clapson, K Doerholt, S Donaghy, E Hamlyn, C Foster, R Gilson, S Kinloch, S Lambert, Y Lees, E Mensen, A Mukela, V Novelli, R O'Connell, K Prime, A Waters, C Wood (London); P McMaster, K Rowson (Manchester); S Bandi (Leicester); C Robertson, J Daglish (Birmingham); J Bernatoniene, M Gompels, L Jennings (Bristol); S O'Riordan, K Rowson (Leeds); S Paulus, K Rowson (Liverpool).
Body & Soul (London): A Ash, J Marsh; Positively UK (London): M Kiwanuka, A Namiba, S Strachen; Positive Parenting & Children (London): B Chipalo; Leeds Skyline: M Dowie, K Rowson; Faith in People (Leicester): M Overton; Sahir House (Liverpool): K Rowson; Blue Sky Trust (Newcastle): C Dufton, B Oliver, K Rowson.
Hellenic Center for Infectious Diseases Control.
G. Touloumi (Chair), A. Antoniadou, P. Gargalianos, A. Karafoulidou, T. Kordosis, M. Lazanas, G. Panos, V. Paparizos, D. Paraskevis, G. Petrikkos, H. Sabatakou, A, Skoutelis.
HIV Treatment Centres, *site coordinating physicians: (LKH Innsbruck) M Gisinger, M Kitchen, E Rieser, M Sarcletti*, R Zangerle. (LKH Salzburg) A Egle, R Greil*, M Schachner, N Taylor. (AKH Linz) M Geit*, A Öllinger. (AKH Vienna) R Aichwalder, F Breitenecker, A Rieger*, V Touzeau. (Otto-Wagner Hospital Vienna) P Cichon, B Schmeid, W Steflitsch, Steuer*. (LKH Graz West) B Haas*, A Kapper. (LKH Klagenfurt) M Kanatschnig*.
R.W. ten Kate, R. Soetekouw, Kennemer Gasthuis, (Haarlem); D. van Houte, M.B. Polée, Medisch Centrum (Leeuwarden); F.P. Kroon, P.J. van den Broek, J.T. van Dissel, E.F. Schippers, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, (Leiden) ;G. Schreij, S. van der Geest, S. Lowe, A. Verbon, Academisch Ziekenhuis (Maastricht); P.P. Koopmans, R. Van Crevel, R. de Groot, M. Keuter, F. Post, A.J.A.M. van der Ven, A. Warris, Universitair Medisch Centrum St. Radboud, (Nijmegen); M.E. van der Ende, I.C. Gyssens, M. van der Feltz, J.L Nouwen, B.J.A. Rijnders, T.E.M.S. de Vries, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, (Rotterdam); G. Driessen, M. van der Flier, N.G. Hartwig, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Sophia, (Rotterdam); J.R. Juttman, M.E.E. van Kasteren, C. Van de Heul, St. Elisabeth Ziekenhuis, Tilburg; I.M. Hoepelman, M.M.E. Schneider, M.J.M. Bonten, J.C.C. Borleffs, P.M. Ellerbroek, C.A.J.J. Jaspers, T. Mudrikove, C.A.M. Schurink, E.H. Gisolf, Universitair Medisch Centrum (Utrecht); S.P.M. Geelen, T.F.W. Wolfs, T. Faber, Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis-UMC, (Utrecht); A.A. Tanis, Ziekenhuis Walcheren, Vlissingen; P.H.P. Groeneveld, Isala Klinieken, (Zwolle); J.G. den Hollander, Medisch Centrum Rijnmond Zuid, locatie Clara, (Rotterdam); A. J. Duits, K. Winkel, St. Elisabeth Hospitaal/Stichting Rode Kruis Bloedbank, Willemstad, (Curaçao).
The UK Department of Health and in the past received additional support from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Abbott, and Gilead.
Republic of Ireland: K Butler, A Walsh, Our Lady's Children’s Hospital Crumlin (Dublin). UK: Y Heath, J Sills; Blackpool Victoria Hospital, (Blackpool): N Laycock; Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, (Bristol): A Finn, A Foot, L Hutchison; Calderdale Royal Hospital, (Halifax): G Sharpe; Central Middlesex Hospital, (London): M Le Provost, A Williams; Chase Farm Hospital, (Middlesex): I Pollock; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, (London): D Hamadache, EGH Lyall, P Seery; Derbyshire Children’s Hospital, (Derby): C Nelson, N Ruggins; Ealing Hospital, (Middlesex): V Shah, K Sloper; Eastbourne District General Hospital, (Eastbourne): G Gopalakrishnan; Glasgow Royal Hospital for Sick Children, (Glasgow): C Doherty, R Hague; Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, (London): M Clapson, S Fasolo, J Flynn, DM Gibb, N Klein, K Moshal, V Novelli, D Shingadia; Hillingdon Hospital, (London): A Kakoo; Homerton University Hospital, (London): D Gurtin; James Cook University Hospital, (Middlesbrough): A Fall; John Radcliffe Hospital, (Oxford): A Pollard, S Segal; King's College Hospital, (London): C Ball, S Hawkins, D Nayagam; Leeds General Infirmary, (Leeds): P Chetcuti; Leicester Royal Infirmary, (Leicester): M Green, J Houghton; Luton and Dunstable Hospital, (Luton): M Connan, M Eisenhut; Mayday University Hospital, (Croydon): J Baverstock, J Handforth; Milton Keynes General Hospital, (Milton Keynes): PK Roy; Newcastle General Hospital, (Newcastle): J Clarke, K Doerholt, C Waruiru; Newham General Hospital, (London): C Donoghue, E Cooper, S Liebeschuetz, S Wong; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, (Dundee): T Lornie; North Manchester General Hospital, (Manchester): C Murphy, T Tan; North Middlesex Hospital, (London): J Daniels, EGH Lyall, B Sampson-Davis; Northampton General Hospital, (Northampton): F Thompson; Northwick Park Hospital, (Middlesex); M Le Provost, A Williams; Nottingham City Hospital, (Nottingham): D Curnock, A Smyth, M Yanney; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, (Woolwich): W Faulknall, S Mitchell; Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, (Belfast): S Christie; Royal Berkshire Hospital, (Reading): A Gordon; Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, (Exeter): A Collinson; Royal Edinburgh Hospital for Sick Children, (Edinburgh): J Mok; Royal Free Hospital, (London): S McKenna, V Van Someren; Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital, (Liverpool): C Benson, A Riordan; Royal London Hospital, (London): B Ramaboea, A Riddell; Royal Preston Hospital, (Preston): AN Campbell; Sheffield Children's Hospital, (Sheffield): J Hobbs, F Shackley; St George's Hospital, (London): R Chakraborty, S Donaghy, R Fluke, M Sharland, S Storey, C Wells; St Luke’s Hospital, (Bradford): S Gorman; St Mary's Hospital, (London): D Hamadache, C Hanley, EGH Lyall, G Tudor-Williams, C Walsh, S Walters; St Thomas' Hospital, (London): R Cross, G Du Mont, E Menson; Torbay District General Hospital, (Torquay): J Broomhall; University Hospital Lewisham, (London): D Scott, J Stroobant; University Hospital of North Staffordshire, (Stoke On Trent): P McMaster; University Hospital of Wales, (Cardiff): B O' Hare; West Cumberland Hospital, (Cumbria): D Lee; Wexham Park, Slough: R Jones; Whipps Cross Hospital, (London): K Gardiner; Whittington Hospital, (London): H McKinnon; Wythenshawe Hospital, (Manchester): D Denning.
Participating physicians: Departments of Infectious Diseases at Copenhagen University Hospitals, Rigshospitalet (J Gerstoft, N Obel) and Hvidovre (G Kronborg, NH Valerius, V Rosenfeldt), Odense University Hospital (C Pedersen, N Fisker), Aarhus University Hospitals, Skejby (CS Larsen, T Herlin, H Nielsen) and Aalborg (G Pedersen), Herning Hospital (AL Laursen), Helsingør Hospital (L Nielsen) and Kolding Hospital (J Jensen).
The ECS receives funding from the European Commission (Coordination action PENTA/ECS 018865).
Belgium - Prof J. Levy, Dr M. Hainaut, Dr T.Goetghebuer, Dr Y. Manigart, Dr P. Barlow (Brussels); Denmark - Dr N H Valerius, Dr V Rosenfeldt (Hvidovre); Germany - Prof I Grosch Wörner, Dr C Feiterna-Sperling, Dr T Schmitz, Dr S Casteleyn (Berlin); Italy - Dr A Ferrazin, Prof C Viscoli, Prof A De Maria, Prof G Bentivoglio, Dr S Ferrero, Dr C Gotta (Genoa), Dr V Savasi, Prof E Ferrazzi, Prof A Viganò, Dr V Giacomet (Milan); Drssa W. Buffolano, Dr R Tiseo, Prof P Martinelli, Drssa M Sansone, Dr A Agangi (Naples); Dr C Giaquinto, Dr O Rampon, Prof A De Rossi (Padova); Dr C Tibaldi, Dr S Marini, Dr G Masuelli, Prof C Benedetto (Torino); Dr S.Alberico, Dr M Zanette, Dr V Soini, Dr C Businelli (Trieste); The Netherlands - Dr H Scherpbier, M Kreyenbroek, Dr M.H. Godfried, Dr F.J. Nellen, and Dr K Boer (Amsterdam); Poland - Dr T Niemieç, Prof M Marczynska, Dr A Oldakowska, M Kaflik (Warsaw); Spain - Dr I de José, Dr I Bates, Dr B Larrú, Dr J Ma Peña, Dr J Gonzalez Garcia, Dr JR Arribas Lopez, Dr MC Garcia Rodriguez (Madrid); Prof F Asensi-Botet, Dr MC Otero, Dr D Pérez-Tamarit (Valencia), Prof A Mûr, Dr A Payà, Dr MA López-Vilchez, Dr R Carreras, Dr O Coll, Dr A Suy and Dr J M Perez (Barcelona); Sweden - Dr AB Bohlin, Dr S Lindgren, Dr K Elfgren, Dr B Anzén and Dr K Lidman (Huddinge and Solna); UK - Dr J Mok (Edinburgh); Dr G P Taylor, Dr EGH Lyall, Ms Z Penn (London); Ukraine - Dr R Malyuta, Dr I Semenenko, Dr I Shevchenko, T Pilipenko, Dr D. Richko, Y. Khomout (Perinatal Prevention of AIDS Initiative, Odessa), Dr S Posokhova (Regional Hospital, Odessa), Dr T Kaleeva, Dr A. Shelyag, Dr S. Servetsky (Odessa Regional Centre for HIV/AIDS), Dr A. Stelmah, Dr G. Kiseleva, Dr O. A. Zalata (Crimean Republic Centre for HIV/AIDS), Dr S. Soloha, Dr M. P. Grazhdanov (Donetsk Regional Centre for HIV/AIDS), Dr N. Bashkatova (Marioupol AIDS Center), Dr I.Raus, Dr O. V. Yurchenko (Kiev City Centre for HIV/AIDS), Dr O. Gloushenko, Dr Z. Ruban (Mikolaiev Regional Centre for HIV/AIDS).
Sources of Funding:Primary support for EuroSIDA is provided by the European Commission BIOMED 1 (CT94-1637), BIOMED 2 (CT97-2713), the 5th Framework (QLK2-2000-00773), the 6th Framework (LSHP-CT-2006-018632), and the 7th Framework (FP7/2007-2013, EuroCoord n° 260694) programmes. Current support also includes unrestricted grants by Gilead, Pfizer, BMS, and Merck and Co.; The participation of centres from Switzerland was supported by The Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant 108787).
Physicians and Centres (National Coordinator): Argentina: (M Losso), M Kundro, Hospital JM Ramos Mejia, Buenos Aires. Austria: (N Vetter), Pulmologisches Zentrum der Stadt Wien, Vienna; R Zangerle, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck. Belarus: (I Karpov), A Vassilenko, Belarus State Medical University, Minsk, VM Mitsura, Gomel State Medical University, Gomel; O Suetnov, Regional AIDS Centre, Svetlogorsk. Belgium: (N Clumeck), S De Wit, M Delforge, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels; E Florence, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp; L Vandekerckhove, University Ziekenhuis Gent, Gent. Bosnia-Herzegovina: (V Hadziosmanovic), Klinicki Centar Univerziteta Sarajevo, Sarajevo. Bulgaria: (K Kostov), Infectious Diseases Hospital, Sofia. Croatia: (J Begovac), University Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Zagreb. Czech Republic: (L Machala), D Jilich, Faculty Hospital Bulovka, Prague; D Sedlacek, Charles University Hospital, Plzen. Denmark: (J Nielsen), G Kronborg,T Benfield, M Larsen, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen; J Gerstoft, T Katzenstein, A-B E Hansen, P Skinhøj, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen; C Pedersen, Odense University Hospital, Odense; L Ostergaard, Skejby Hospital, Aarhus, U B Dragsted, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde; L N Nielsen, Hillerod Hospital, Hillerod. Estonia: (K Zilmer), West-Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn; Jelena Smidt, Nakkusosakond Siseklinik, Kohtla-Järve. Finland: (M Ristola), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki. France: (C Katlama), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétière, Paris; J-P Viard, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris; P-M Girard, Hospital Saint-Antoine, Paris; P Vanhems, University Claude Bernard, Lyon; C Pradier, Hôpital de l'Archet, Nice; F Dabis, D Neau, Unité INSERM, Bordeaux, C Duvivier, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris. Germany: (J Rockstroh), Universitäts Klinik Bonn; R Schmidt, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover; J van Lunzen, O Degen, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Infectious Diseases Unit, Hamburg; HJ Stellbrink, IPM Study Center, Hamburg; M Bickel, JW Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt; J Bogner, Medizinische Poliklinik, Munich; G. Fätkenheuer, Universität Köln, Cologne. Greece: (J Kosmidis), P Gargalianos, G Xylomenos, J Perdios, Athens General Hospital; H Sambatakou, Ippokration General Hospital, Athens. Hungary: (D Banhegyi), Szent Lásló Hospital, Budapest. Iceland: (M Gottfredsson), Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik. Ireland: (F Mulcahy), St. James's Hospital, Dublin. Israel: (I Yust), D Turner, M Burke, Ichilov Hospital, Tel Aviv; S Pollack, G Hassoun, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa; H Elinav, M Haouzi, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem.Italy: (A d’Arminio Monforte ), Istituto Di Clinica Malattie Infettive e Tropicale, Milan; R Esposito, I Mazeu, C Mussini, Università Modena, Modena; C Arici, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo; R Pristera, Ospedale Generale Regionale, Bolzano; F Mazzotta, A Gabbuti, Ospedale S Maria Annunziata, Firenze; V Vullo, M Lichtner, University di Roma la Sapienza, Rome; A Chirianni, E Montesarchio, M Gargiulo, Presidio Ospedaliero AD Cotugno, Monaldi Hospital, Napoli; G D`Offizi, C Taibi , A Antinori, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome; A Lazzarin, A Castagna, N Gianotti, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan; M Galli, A Ridolfo, Osp. L. Sacco, Milan. Latvia: (B Rozentale), I Zeltina, Infectology Centre of Latvia, Riga. Lithuania: (S Chaplinskas), Lithuanian AIDS Centre, Vilnius.Luxembourg: (T Staub), R Hemmer, Centre Hospitalier, Luxembourg. Netherlands: (P Reiss), Academisch Medisch Centrum bij de Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam. Norway: (V Ormaasen), A Maeland, J Bruun, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo. Poland: (B Knysz) J Gasiorowski, Medical University, Wroclaw; A Horban, E Bakowska, Centrum Diagnostyki i Terapii AIDS, Warsaw; A Grzeszczuk, R Flisiak, Medical University, Bialystok; A Boron-Kaczmarska, M Pynka, M Parczewski, Medical Univesity, Szczecin; M Beniowski, E Mularska, Osrodek Diagnostyki i Terapii AIDS, Chorzow; H Trocha, Medical University, Gdansk; E Jablonowska, E Malolepsza, K Wojcik, Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny, Lodz. Portugal: (M Doroana), L Caldeira, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon; K Mansinho, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisbon; F Maltez, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisbon. Romania: (D Duiculescu), Spitalul de Boli Infectioase si Tropicale: Dr. Victor Babes, Bucarest. Russia: (A Rakhmanova), Medical Academy Botkin Hospital, St Petersburg; A Rakhmanova, St Petersburg AIDS Centre, St Peterburg; S Buzunova, Novgorod Centre for AIDS, Novgorod, I Khromova, Centre for HIV/AIDS & and Infectious Diseases, Kaliningrad; E Kuzovatova, Nizhny Novgorod Scientific and Research Institute, Nizhny Novogrod. Serbia: (D Jevtovic), The Institute for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Belgrade. Slovakia: (M Mokráš), D Staneková, Dérer Hospital, Bratislava. Slovenia: (J Tomazic), University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana. Spain: (J González-Lahoz), V Soriano, P Labarga, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid; S Moreno, J. M. Rodriguez, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid; B Clotet, A Jou, R Paredes, C Tural, J Puig, I Bravo, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona; JM Gatell, JM Miró, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona; P Domingo, M Gutierrez, G Mateo, MA Sambeat, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona; J Medrano, Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria-Gasteiz. Sweden: (A Blaxhult), Venhaelsan-Sodersjukhuset, Stockholm; L Flamholc, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, A Thalme, A Sonnerborg, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm. Switzerland: (B Ledergerber), R Weber, University Hospital, Zürich; P Francioli, M Cavassini, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne; B Hirschel, E Boffi, Hospital Cantonal Universitaire de Geneve, Geneve; H Furrer, Inselspital Bern, Bern; M Battegay, L Elzi, University Hospital Basel; P Vernazza, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen. Ukraine: (E Kravchenko), N Chentsova, Kiev Centre for AIDS, Kiev; V Frolov, G Kutsyna, Luhansk State Medical University; Luhansk; S Servitskiy, Odessa Region AIDS Center, Odessa; A Kuznetsova, Kharkov State Medical University, Kharkov; G Kyselyova, Crimean Republican AIDS centre, Simferopol. United Kingdom: (B Gazzard), St. Stephen's Clinic, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London; AM Johnson, E Simons, Mortimer Market Centre, London; A Phillips, MA Johnson, A Mocroft, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London (Royal Free Campus); C Orkin, Royal London Hospital, London; J Weber, G Scullard, Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's, London; M Fisher, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton; C Leen, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh.
National Program on Early Detection and Treatment of HIV/AIDS. Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.
Grants from Italian National Health Services (Ricerca Finalizzata e Finalizzata degli IRCCS, Ministero della Salute; Programma Nazionale AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy).
Italy: A. Ammassari, A. Antinori, G. Antonucci, S. Bonfigli, I. Borrelli, P. De Longis, ML. Giancola, E. Girardi, G. Liuzzi, P. Lorenzini, P. Marconi, S. Mosti, CF. Perno, P. Sette, MP Trotta, V. Tozzi, U. Visco-Comandini, M. Zaccarelli.
The Competence Network for HIV/AIDS is funded by the German “Federal Ministry of Education and Research” (BMBF).
C. Aebi, M. Battegay, E. Bernasconi, J. Böni, HC Bucher, Ph. Bürgisser, S. Cattacin, M. Cavassini, J.-J. Cheseaux, G. Drack, R. Dubs, M. Egger, L. Elzi, P. Erb, M. Fischer, M. Flepp, A. Fontana, P. Francioli (President of the SHCS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, CH-1011- Lausanne), HJ. Furrer, A. Gayet-Ageron, S. Gerber, M. Gorgievski, C. Grawe, H. Günthard, Th. Gyr, H. Hirsch, B. Hirschel, I. Hösli, M. Hüsler, L. Kaiser, Ch. Kahlert, U. Karrer, C. Kind, Th. Klimkait, B. Ledergerber, G. Martinetti, B. Martinez, N. Müller, D. Nadal, M. Opravil, F. Paccaud, G. Pantaleo, M. Rickenbach, C. Rudin (Chairman of the MoChiV Substudy, Basel UKBB, Römergasse 8, CH-4058 Basel), P. Schmid, D. Schultze, J. Schüpbach, R. Speck, P. Taffé, P. Tarr, A. Telenti, A. Trkola, P. Vernazza, R. Weber, A. Wechsler, D. Wunder, C.-A. Wyler, S. Yerly.
Cortina-Borja M, Goldberg D, Lyall H, de Ruiter A, Masters J, Namiba A, Ncube F, Peckham C, Tookey P. Townsend C.
The Swiss National Science Foundation (grant # 33CS30_134277).
J. Barth, M. Battegay, E. Bernasconi, J. Böni, HC Bucher, C. Burton-Jeangros, A. Calmy, M. Cavassini, C. Cellerai, M. Egger, L. Elzi, J Fehr, M. Flepp, P. Francioli (President of the SHCS), H. Furrer (Chairman of the Clinical and Laboratory Committee), C.A. Fux, M. Gorgievski, H. Günthard (Chairman of the Scientific Board), D. Haerry (Deputy of "Positive Council"), B. Hasse, H.H. Hirsch, B. Hirschel, I. Hösli, C. Kahlert, L. Kaiser, O. Keiser, C. Kind, T. Klimkait, H. Kovari, B. Ledergerber, G. Martinetti, B. Martinez de Tejada, K. Metzner, N. Müller, D. Nadal, G. Pantaleo, A. Rauch, S Regenass, M. Rickenbach (Head of Data Center), C. Rudin (Chairman of the Mother & Child Substudy), P. Schmid, D. Schultze, F. Schöni-Affolter, J. Schüpbach, R. Speck, P. Taffé, P. Tarr, A. Telenti, A. Trkola, P. Vernazza, R. Weber, S. Yerly.
Industry funding based on pluri annual contracts.
N. Clumeck, S. De Wit, M. Gerard, K. Kabeya, D. Konopnicki, A. Libois, MC. Payen, Y. Van Laethem (all from St Pierre Hospital, Brussels).
Funding for the UK CHIC Study has been obtained from the Medical Research Council, UK (grant G0000199 and G0600337).
J. Anderson, A. Babiker, V. Delpech, D. Dunn, P. Easterbrook, M. Fisher, B. Gazzard (Chair), R. Gilson, M. Gompels, T. Hill, M. Johnson, C. Leen, C. Orkin, N. Mackie, A. Phillips, D. Pillay, K. Porter, C. Sabin (PI), A. Schwenk, A. Winston.
Central Co-ordination: L. Bansi, T. Hill, A. Phillips, C. Sabin (Royal Free and University College, London); A. Babiker, D. Dunn, S. Patel, K. Porter, S. Sheehan (Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London).
P. Easterbrook, S. Duffell, E. Bazuaye, E. Macfarlane (King’s College Hospital, London); M. Fisher, N. Perry, A. Pullin, D. Churchill, W. Harris (Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust); B. Gazzard, S. Bulbeck, S. Mandalia, J. Clarke (Chelsea and Westminster NHS Trust, London); R. Gilson, J. Dodds, A. Rider, I. Williams (Mortimer Market Centre, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London); V. Delpech (Health Protection Agency -Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London); M. Johnson, M. Youle, F. Lampe, C. Smith, H. Gumley, C. Chaloner, D. Puradiredja (Royal Free NHS Trust and RFUCMS, London); J. Walsh, J. Weber, C. Kemble, N. Mackie, A. Winston (St. Mary’s Hospital, London); C. Orkin, R. Thomas, K. Jones, J. Hand (Barts and The London NHS Trust, London); J. Anderson, S. Gann, K. Jones (Homerton Hospital, London); C. Leen, A. Wilson (Edinburgh); A. Schwenk, J. Ainsworth (North Middlesex).
D. Douard (Bordeaux), J. Gaudelus, E. Lachassine (Bondy), V. Chambrin, P. Labrune (Clamart), C. Crenn-Hebert, C. Floch-Tudal, F. Mazy (Colombes), A. Devidas, A. May (Corbeil Essonnes), V. Garrait, S. Lemerle (Créteil), D. Pathier (Ivry), F. Mazingue (Lille), L. Cotte, K. Kebaïli (Lyon), L. Cravello, I. Thuret (Marseille), B. Heller-Roussin (Montreuil), P. Benos, M. Lalande (Montpellier), C. Brunet-François, V. Reliquet (Nantes), A. Bongain, A. Deville, F. Monpoux (Nice), J.L. Benifla, S. Blanche, N. Ciraru-Vigneron, B. Carbonne, C. Dollfus, G. Firtion, S. Fridman, M. G. Lebrette, M. Levine, S. Matheron, E. Pannier, D. Peretti, R. Tubiana (Paris), M.C. Allemon (Saint-Denis), J.J. Favreau, M. Partisani (Strasbourg), A. Berrebi, J. Tricoire (Toulouse), A. Chacé, F. Guillot (Villeneuve St Georges).
Soruces of funding: Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les hépatites virales (ANRS), Action Coordonnée n°7 - Cohortes; Ensemble contre le SIDA (ECS).
N. Bernard, P. Blanco, M. Bonarek, F. Bonnet, D. Breilh, L. Castera, O. Caubet, C. Cazanave, P. Couzigou, FA. Dauchy, C. De La Taille, M. Dupon, H. Dutronc, H. Fleury, C Greib, K. Lacombe, D. Lacoste, S. Lafarie-Castet, ME. Lafon, M. Longy-Boursier, D. Malvy, B. Masquelier, P. Mercié, G. Miremont-Salamé, JF. Moreau, P. Morlat, D. Neau, A. Ochoa, I. Pellegrin, JL. Pellegrin, JM. Ragnaud, JF. Viallard (Bordeaux); F. Bonnal, S. Farbos, M. Gemain (Bayonne); P. Loste, L. Caunègre (Dax); J. Ceccaldi, S. Tchamgoué (Libourne); S. De Witte (Mont-De-Marsan).
S Abgrall, F Barin, M Bentata, E Billaud, F Boué, C Burty, A Cabié, D Costagliola, L Cotte, P De Truchis, X Duval, C Duvivier, P Enel, L Fredouille-Heripret, J Gasnault, C Gaud, J Gilquin, S Grabar, MA Khuong, JM Lang, AS Lascaux, O Launay, A Mahamat, M Mary-Krause, S Matheron, JL Meynard, J Pavie, G Pialoux, F Pilorgé, I Poizot-Martin, C Pradier, J Reynes, E Rouveix, A Simon, P Tattevin, H Tissot-Dupont, JP Viard, N Viget.
French Ministry of Health (E Aronica, A Pariente-Khayat), Technical Hospitalisation Information Agency, ATIH (N Jacquemet, A Rivet).
CISIH: Paris area: CISIH de Bichat-Claude Bernard (Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard), CISIH de Paris-Centre Ouest (Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; GH Tarnier-Cochin; Hôpital Saint-Joseph; Hôpital Necker adultes), CISIH de Paris-Sud (Hôpital Antoine Béclère; Hôpital de Bicêtre; Hôpital Henri Mondor; Hôpital Paul Brousse), CISIH de Paris-Est (Hôpital Saint-Antoine; Hôpital Tenon), CISIH de Pitié-Salpétrière (GH Pitié Salpétrière), CISIH de Saint-Louis (Hôpital Saint-Louis; GH Lariboisière), CISIH 92 (Hôpital Ambroise Paré; Hôpital Louis Mourier; Hôpital Raymond Poincaré), CISIH 93 (Hôpital Avicenne; Hôpital Jean Verdier; Hôpital Delafontaine). Outside Paris area: CISIH Auvergne-Loire (CHU de Clermont-Ferrand; CHRU de Saint-Etienne); CISIH de Bourgogne-Franche Comté (CHRU de Besançon; CHRU de Dijon; CH de Belfort; CHRU de Reims); CISIH de Caen (CHRU de Caen), CISIH de Grenoble (CHU de Grenoble), CISIH de Lyon (Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse; Hôpital Edouard Herriot; Hôtel-Dieu), CISIH de Marseille (Hôpital de la Conception; Hôpital Nord; Institut Paoli Calmettes; Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite; CHG d’Aix-En-Provence; Centre pénitentiaire des Baumettes; CH d’Arles; CH d’Avignon; CH de Digne Les Bains; CH de Gap; CH de Martigues; CHI de Toulon), CISIH de Montpellier (CHU de Montpellier; CHG de Nîmes), CISIH de Nancy (Hôpital de Brabois), CISIH de Nantes (CHRU de Nantes), CISIH de Nice (Hôpital Archet 1; CHG Antibes Juan les Pins), CISIH de Rennes (CHU de Rennes), CISIH de Rouen (CHRU de Rouen), CISIH de Strasbourg (CHRU de Strasbourg; CH de Mulhouse), CISIH de Toulouse (CHU Purpan; Hôpital la Grave; CHU Rangueil), CISIH de Tourcoing-Lille (CH Gustave Dron; CH de Tourcoing), CISIH de Tours (CHRU de Tours; CHU Trousseau). Overseas: CISIH de Guadeloupe (CHRU de Pointe-à-Pitre), CISIH de Guyane (CHG de Cayenne), CISIH de Martinique (CHRU de Fort-de-France), CISIH de La Réunion (CHD Félix Guyon).
Sources of funding: Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les hépatites virales (ANRS, Action Coordonnée n°7). Other supports: Collège des Universitaires de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (CMIT ex APPIT), Sidaction Ensemble contre le Sida, et laboratoires : Abbott, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Glaxo- SmithKline, Roche.
Principal Investigators: C. Leport, F. Raffi, Methodology: G. Chêne, R. Salamon, Social Sciences: J-P. Moatti, J. Pierret, B. Spire, Virology: F. Brun-Vézinet, H. Fleury, B. Masquelier, Pharmacology: G. Peytavin, R. Garraffo; Other members: D. Costagliola, P. Dellamonica, C. Katlama, L. Meyer, D. Salmon, A. Sobel ;Events Validation Committee: L. Cuzin, M. Dupon, X. Duval, V. Le Moing, B. Marchou, T. May, P. Morlat, C. Rabaud, A. Waldner-Combernoux; Project coordination: F. Collin, Observers: JF. Delfraissy, M. Garré. Clinical Research Group: V. Le Moing, C. Lewden. Data monitoring and statistical analysis: C. Alfaro, S. Boucherit, AD Bouhnik, C. Brunet-François, M.P. Carrieri, M. Courcoul, F. Couturier, J.L. Ecobichon, M. François, V. Guiyedi, L. Iordache. P. Kurkdji, JP Legrand, S. Martiren, E. Pereira, M. Préau, C. Protopopescu, C. Roy, J. Surzyn, A. Taieb, V. Villes, H. Zouari.
JL. Schmit (Amiens), JM. Chennebault (Angers), JP. Faller (Belfort), JL. Dupond, JM. Estavoyer, Drobachef (Besançon), O. Bouchaud (Bobigny), M. Dupon, Longy-Boursier, P. Morlat, JM. Ragnaud (Bordeaux), P. Granier (Bourg-en-Bresse), M. Garré (Brest), R. Verdon (Caen), D. Merrien (Compiègne), A. Devidas (Corbeil Essonnes), A. Sobel (Créteil), H. Portier (Dijon), C. Perronne (Garches), P. Lagarde (Lagny), J. Ceccaldi (Libourne), D. Peyramond (Lyon), C. Allard (Meaux), J. Reynes (Montpellier), T. May (Nancy), F. Raffi (Nantes), JG Fuzibet, P. Dellamonica (Nice), P. Arsac (Orléans), E. Bouvet, F. Bricaire, P. Bergmann, J. Cabane, J. Monsonego, P.M. Girard, L. Guillevin, S. Herson, C. Leport, MC. Meyohas, J.M. Molina, G. Pialoux, D. Salmon (Paris), B. Becq-Giraudon (Poitiers), R. Jaussaud (Reims), C. Michelet (Rennes), F. Lucht (Saint-Etienne), T. Debord (Saint-Mandé), JM Lang (Strasbourg), JP. De Jaureguiberry (Toulon), B. Marchou (Toulouse), JM. Besnier (Tours).
J. Del Amo (Chair), L. Meyer (Vice Chair), H.Bucher, G. Chêne, D. Pillay, M. Prins, M. Rosinska, C. Sabin, G. Touloumi.
Australia – D. Cooper, L. Gelgor, J. Kaldor, T. Kelleher, T. Ramacciotti, D. Smith (Sydney); Canada – J. Gill (Calgary); Denmark – L. Bruun Jorgensen, C. Nielsen, C. Pedersen (Copenhagen); Estonia - I Lutsar (Tartu), France – F. Boufassa, L. Meyer (Paris), D. Costagliola (Paris), P. Vanhems (Lyon), G. Chêne, F. Dabis, R. Thiebaut, B. Masquelier (Bordeaux); Germany – O. Hamouda, C. Kucherer (Berlin); Greece – A. Hatzakis, A. Karafoulidou N. Pantazis, D. Paraskevis, G. Touloumi (Athens), Italy – C. Balotta (Milan), M. Dorrucci, B. Longo, G. Rezza (Rome); Netherlands –R. Coutinho R. Geskus, M. Prins, L. van Asten, A. van der Bij (Amsterdam); Norway –O. Brubakk, A. Eskild, Johan N Bruun, M. Sannes (Oslo); Poland – M Rosinska (Warsaw), Portugal – R Camacho (Lisbon); Russian Federation – T Smolskaya (St Petersburg), Spain – J. Del Amo, J. del Romero (Madrid), I. Hernandez Aguado, S. Perez-Hoyos (Valencia), R. Muga (Badalona), P. Garcia de Olalla (Barcelona); Switzerland – H. Bucher, P. Francioli, M. Rickenbach (Basel); UK –C. Lee, C. Sabin (London), A. Babiker, J. Darbyshire, V. Delpech, A. Johnson, A. Phillips, K. Porter (London), R. Brettle (Edinburgh), Ukraine – R Malyuta (Odessa).
D Dalmau, A Jaén, R Muga (Barcelona), S Padilla, M Masiá (Elche), J. Hernández Quero, A Peña (Granada), JA Oteo, JR Blanco (La Rioja), P Miralles, JC López, J del Romero, J González, MJ Pérez-Elías, JL Casado, F Pulido, R Rubio, V Moreno, I Santos, V Soriano, P Barreiro (Madrid), J Santos, R Palacios (Málaga), J Sola (Navarra), V Asensi (Oviedo), JA Iribarren (San Sebastián), M Leal, J Pineda (Sevilla), JL Gómez Sirvent (Tenerife).
Sources of funding: Financed by the Spanish Medical Research Fund (FIS) through the Red de Investigación en SDA (RIS, no. 173).
Steering Committee members: A Noguera-Julian, C Fortuny, A Mur, C Rodrigo, P Soler-Palacín.
Participating physicians: C Figueras, C Fortuny, A Mur, A Noguera-Julian, P Soler-Palacín, A Martín-Nalda, MT Coll, T Vallmanya, L García, V Pineda, A Soriano, J Escribano, N Rovira, L Mayol, M Méndez, C Rodrigo, N López.
Sources of funding: Beca FIPSE (Fundación para investigación y Prevención del SIDA en España). From January 2000 to January 2008.
I. Ruiz (Barcelona), J. del Amo, M. Quintana (Madrid), JM Cisneros (Sevilla), I. Ferreros, S. Pérez-Hoyos (Valencia).
Sources of funding: Beca FIPSE (Fundación para investigación y Prevención del SIDA en España) nº36405/03. From January 2007 to January 2007. Pending renewal, already sent application with register number 36644/07.
J. T. Ramos Amador, M.I. de José, M.I. González-Tomé, S. Guillén, M.J. Mellado, M. Navarro.
J. Beceiro (Alcalá de Henares), J. T. Ramos Amador, B. Rubio (Getafe), C. Calvo (Leganés), J.M. Bellón, M.I. de José, M. González Tomé, D. Gurbindo, B. Larrú, ), P. Martín-Fontelos, J. Martinez Perez, M. J. Mellado, M. A. Muñoz, M. L. Navarro (Madrid), M.A. Roa (Móstoles), J. Saavedra (Fuenlabrada).
J. Casabona, A. Esteve, B. Ortiga JM. Miró, D. Podzamczer, J. Murillas.
Participating physicians: C. Agustí, B. Clotet, A. Romero, C. Tural (Badalona); F. Agüero, E. Ferrer, JM Gatell (Barcelona), I García (L’Hospitalet), L. Force (Mataró), A. Masabeu (Palamós), C. Villalonga (Palma de Mallorca), G. Navarro, F. Segura (Sabadell), J. Vilaró (Vic), M. Guadarrama (Vilafranca). Other Clinical Participants: JL Blanco, F. Garcia-Alcaide, J. Mallolas, E. Martinez, (Idibaps, Barcelona), A. Ballesteros, P. Barragan, F. Bolao, A. Bonjoch, C. Cabellos, D. Fuster, A. Jou, J.C Martinez, E. Negredo, M. Olmo, C. Peña, J. Romeu, M. Saumoy, G. Sirera (Barcelona), P. Barrufet (Mataró), Manel Cervantes, Montse Sala and Maria José Amengual (Sabadell).
Principal Investigator: J. Casabona; Clinical Coordination: J. Casabona and JM. Miró. Technical Coordination: B.Ortiga. Data support and Informatics: E. Puchol (Badalona), Modesto Sanchez (Idibaps, Barcelona). Statistical support and Data management: A. Esteve, A. Montoliu y N. Ortega (Badalona). Other technical Collaborators: Elisa de Lazzari (Idibaps, Barcelona).
I. Suárez-Lozano, P. Domingo, R. Teira.

matches: V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V.


text:
v. 20,21 - What a responsibility to be the avenger of blood. You had to kill a man - that was bad enough, but you had to kill a person who had wronged someone close enough to you for you to be the avenger of his blood, without hatred. What an amazing requirement. Our thoughts go back to Cain, who killed out of jealous hatred. Gen. 4:5,8. Joab, 2Sam.3:27 follows this law, and is therefore justified in killing Abner for the blood of Asahel.
v. 6 Six cities of refuge - not seven or five - because they were for manslayers. Six is the number of man as you doubtless know.
v.10 - The human side of the pressure of his punishment must have been really gruelling for Moses. Those who aspire to such heights as he can fall with just one mistake. This action of instructing the people from God about what they should do when they possess the land must have been irksome to that side of him that must have felt the most bitter disappointment at his own non-inclusion. We most certainly have so much we can learn from this man.
35:25,28 That the man slayer was to remain in the city until the death of the high priest before he was allowed to go free typifies the saving work of Jesus. That is why we have 'fled for refuge' (Hebrews 6:18).
The difference between pre-meditated murder and manslaughter is likewise distinguished in western law today.
David asked Solomon to deal with Shimei (1 Kings 2:8,9) Solomon used the same principle of safety by isolation.
However, Solomon, in his wisdom, knew that such a man as Shimei would, sooner or later, betray himself (1 Kings 2:36-46). Thus the avenger was justified.
V.30 No witnesses could condemn Jesus, not even false ones (Matt 26:59-63). It was only the utterance of Jesus Himself that gave the opening to the high priest to facilitate the process which Jesus knew he must undertake (Matt 26:64,65).
V.6 This is first of three times that the function and operation of the cities of refuge are outlined for us. The first three of these sanctuaries were appointed on the east side of Jordon by Moses. The next three in Canaan, were dedicated to this purpose by Joshua (Jesus). Here are foreshadowed the Old and New Covenants, bringing Divine privilege to both Jew and Gentile.
(I think), of the Cities of Refuge being used. Does this point to the fact that before Christ came sin was not taken away. Then, when "The High Priest" (Jesus) died, God's love and mercy shone through, and repentant sinners are forgiven.
35:2 Amidst the joy of receiving their inheritance Moses is concerned to remind the people of their responsibilities to the Levites. It is so easy, when things are going well for us, to forget the needs of others.
35:1 Remember by this time Israel have taken control of the land to the East of Jordan – so they had experienced that God was with them and as such they could defeat His enemies. This should have served as a great encouragement as they entered the land of Canaan.
Vs.4,5 There seems to be confusion between these two verses regarding the amount of land that the Levites should possess. In v.4, 1000 cubits from the city wall, in all directions, is given. But, in v.5, 2000 cubits are given, in the KJV. In the Hebrew text, v.4 clearly notes 1000 (one thousand) cubits. But in v.5, the text just reads thousands without its being qualified by a cardinal number.
Maimonides (Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, 1135-1204) suggests that the first 1000 cubits from the wall of the city would be for suburbs; the next 2000 would be for fields and vineyards.
35:2 The words ‘suburbs’ <04054> is always translated this way. However we should not draw the conclusion that it means what we tend to think of suburbs – an area of houses around a town or city. The word from which it is derived is often translated ‘drive out’ so we see that the word is descriptive of an area, which by implication, is devoid of things. The ‘suburbs’ then would have been areas for farming – keeping of cattle and growing of crops. Now actually this is obvious from the next verse however it is valuable to establish a Biblical use of a word when the English into which it is translated carries a different meaning form that which the original language carries.
V.13 On the west of the Jordan were: Kadesh, in Naphtali; Shechem, in Mount Ephraim; Hebron, in Judah.
On the east of the Jordan were: Golan, in Bashan; Ramoth-Gilead, in Gad; and Bezer, in Reuben.
35:15 The city of refuge points to the freedom from the consequence of sin through belief in Jesus. The way that the provision was ‘both for the children of Israel, and for the stranger, and for the sojourner among them’ highlighted to Israel that God’s offer of salvation is for all, whether Jew of non Jew.
35:8 The way in which the cities for the Levites were to be distributed ensured that there were priests evenly distributed throughout the whole of the land so that no one would be able to say that he did not have access to Godly teaching.
The Levites were not given a piece of land within the boundaries of Israel as their inheritance. Instead the Levites were scattered throughout the land and were given various cities within the areas of the other tribes.
This is what the children of Israel were told: "In all you must give the Levites forty-eight towns, together with their pasture lands. The towns you give the Levites from the land the Israelites possess are to be given in proportion to the inheritance of each tribe: Take many town from a tribe that has many, but few from the one that has few." (Num 35:7-8) The result of this would be that the Levites would be relatively evenly distributed around the land of Israel. This was good because the role of the Levites was to be the part of Israel that worked for God. In the wilderness the were in charge of the Tabernacle. In the land, we can assume that they were there to teach and to encourage the rest of the people to serve the LORD.
In many ways, we have a similar role today. God has not gathered all the believers into one big city, but has spread us around the various cities and towns of the world so that we can shine God's light for others to see. So let us do our bit in the corner of the world God has given us to shine in.
35:10-14 The outlining of the 6 cities of refuge – though not naming them yet – is given here so that the law regarding the person who accidentally kills someone can be laid out. There is no need to know the names of the cities until Israel are in the land.
35:16-17 God’s mercy in providing cities of refuge for accidental death is tempered with justice when premeditated murder is committed.
How much space did the manslayer have?
Levite cities of refuge would have the same area of suburbs as all the other Levite cities described in v2-5. This was very important for the manslayer living there, because he wasn't able to go outside the border of the city (v26). If the border of the city was just the walled city itself, he would have no means to work and feed himself and his family. If we interpret the "border of the city" to mean the edge of the suburbs, which belonged to the city of Levites, then this meant he could work on the land in safety. I think this makes sense of the logical order of this chapter, and shows to us what the daily life of someone who had killed someone by accident may have been like.
V. 8 In the cities that were given to the Levites, it is interesting to see that the cities were to be allocated based upon the inheritance given to each tribe which was based upon the size of the tribe at the time they entered the land. It was not equally divided so that the tribes with less members received less of an inheritance. It is interesting in the census of Num 1 which was taken in Sinai just after departure from Egypt, Simeon was the third largest tribe with 59,300 but in the census of Num. 26 taken after the sin of Baal Peor and just before Israel entered into the promised land Simeon was the smallest at 22,200. There are other changes plus and minus but this would have dramatically effected tribes like Simeon and Ephraim, Were these tribes more involved in the sins along the way that their inheritance was diminished?
35:25 The cities of refuge were cities for the priests. When a man slayer was to be delivered to the revenger of blood the decision was not the decision of one man. The whole population of the city were to assent to the handing over of the man.
35:2 The Levites had no inheritance in the land – Num 18:23 – Moses had spoken of dividing the land – Num 33:54 – leaving the Levites out of the dividing. So now the provision for the Levites is now spoken of.
35:22-23 God recognises that men have tempers that can flare up. However whilst actions consequent on a fit of rage are not like pre-meditated murder they are crimes, none-the-less. Remaining in the city of refuge until the death of the high priest is a form of imprisonment. Though the man in the city of refuge would have to be involved in the society of that city.
35:15 notice that the cities of refuge were provided for both the Israelite and the “stranger”. God’s provision for sin was to be extended to all – both Jew and gentile.
This being the case, why was Cain not put to death when he murdered his brother, Abel (Gen 4:8,11,12)? God’s protection of Cain for his crime, the first murder, does impose a seven-fold vengeance against anyone who would commit murder against Cain to avenge Abel’s death. While God did not impose a death penalty, He did impose a life sentence on Cain, the worst being living the rest of his life alienated from God (Gen 4:13-15)! The Judge of all the earth always does what is right (Gen 18:25).
Cain lived before God instituted the law of the death penalty, before it was classed as defiling the land (Num 35:34). Pre-meditated murder became a capital crime when God instituted the Noahic Covenant (Gen 9:6), and the death penalty was codified under the Mosaic Law (Gen 20:13; Num 35:30,31,33). Lev 18 gives further details on behaviour, which defiled a person and the land.
v. 12 - The phrase 'wise in his own conceit' is a direct reference to the man who feels that he can manage without God - this is the ultimate in denying God's power and therefore fits the category of blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, which is unforgivable (Matt.12:31-32). The fool is therefore better off than that. See also Rom.12:16, 1Cor.3:18,19, Rev.3:17.
v.1 - Maybe this verse is played out best in the character of Haman in the book of Esther - see Esther 3.
:11 The description of the dog's behaviour which is typical of the dog advertises the way in which folly begets more folly. Once one is set on a course of foolishness it becomes more and more easy to continue in that way. Peter 2 Peter 2:22 says these words are relevant to brothers and sisters in Christ so we cannot dismiss the words just because they are in the Proverbs.
"Do you see a man wise in his own eyes?
The beginning of this chapter of proverbs is a real fool bashing section. Solomon almost seems to go out of his way to denounce fools with the strongest pictures he can - cutting off your own feet, tying a stone in a sling, a thorn-bush in the hand of a drunkard, a dog returning to it's vomit - all describe fools in their particular actions. But there is more hope for a fool than for the person who is wise in his own eyes. The person who is wise in his own eyes is unteachable. They are the opposite of the quality of meekness that God desires of us. They are proud, never listening, always believing that their opinion is the best, and forgetting that the source of all knowledge and wisdom comes from their creator, the LORD God of heaven and earth. There is hope for a fool because a fool can learn and change. But the man who is wise in his own eyes has, as far as he is concerned, already made it.
We need an antidote to this dreadful disease. Pray for wisdom - real wisdom, God's wisdom. Be humble and never compare our wisdom with the wisdom of men, but rather with the wisdom of God. Read Job 38 - 40 and discover for yourself that God alone is wise.
:17-19 Here the wise man is commenting upon those who passing by, poke their nose into things that they do not understand. Such actions actually cause great trauma.
Jesus did not respond to the high priest (Matt 26:62,63) because He knew that the high priest was oppositional to the Truth and did not desire to change.
On the other hand, Paul challenged the foolishness of Peter's actions (Gal 2:14) because Peter was interested in serving the Lord but needed to be corrected.
"I could do that job"
"If I were running this company, I'd make a better job of it!"
"If I were him, I wouldn't do it that way!"
"If only they'd let me do [such and such], I'd show them a thing or two!"
In verse 16 we have described for us yet another problem with the lazy man. The problem is that he is wise in his own eyes. In fact, he is wiser than 7 people who actually answer wisely! Why is that? Why does Solomon link folly with laziness in this way? The statements above are typical of the comments we may make ourselves, or hear others making. There is a consistent problem with those statements, which is in common with the problem of the lazy man.
So what is it? Well, the problem is that the people saying those things actually have no intention of doing what they say. They are pulling down someone else's wisdom with statements that they could do better, yet will never get round to proving it. This position is a very safe one for a fool. He may believe in his own mind that he is capable of doing all sorts of things. He may believe he is extremely wise, or very skilled at something, and as long as he doesn't actually try to put this into practice, he'll never have to believe otherwise!
The attitude of this lazy, foolish man, can often be traced back to his own low self esteem. In verses 13-16 we have a scathing and laughable description of his incompetence, lack of wisdom, and lack of effort, yet amazingly it ends up in his own pride in himself! How is this possibly explained, except when we look at it in the terms of his self esteem? This man is so low that he's not able to get out of bed (v14). He's so depressed that he can't get out of the house (v13). Even when he manages to put some effort into his life, he can't actually bring himself to finish it because he believes himself incapable(v15). The human being, faced with such a picture of itself, will usually compensate for this by inflating its ego (v16). The process of comparing oneself with the flaws in others is the way that this is achieved. We persuade ourselves that if only we were to have the opportunity, we could be quite great!
The lesson for us is to notice this tendency in ourselves. When we are in this state we ought not to listen to our own ego or inflated self esteem. We should judge ourselves by our actions, rather than by what we hope to do, plan to do, or think we are able to do. When we realise that we are actually just being lazy, then we can quickly rectify the situation by getting up and DOING something. Even doing something menial is better than sitting around dreaming about great things!
The beauty of many of the proverbs is that they take principles for living and give them a graphic equivalent. A comparison like this helps us to understand what the principle is really about, and the dog returning to it's vomit is no exception.
It turns our stomach's when we watch it happen: A dog brings up it's breakfast and it is left in a smelly pile on the grass. Then, no sooner has it been thrown up then the dog returns to it and devours it again. The picture Solomon describes here disgusts us, yet we can sometimes be found doing the same things ourselves. But surely we wouldn't do anything as disgusting as what the dog has just done?!!!??!
Each one of us has little sinful habits or even big sinful temptations that we know are wrong. We know we should keep ourselves pure for the LORD our God, but it is too easy to return to those habits or temptations and to repeat those sins over again. At those times we are like a fool repeating his folly. God is watching and when he sees us repeating our past sins it disgusts him as much as it disgusts us to see a dog returning to it's vomit.
Once is enough. Once we have put a sin behind us, let us never return to it.
Farmers neither expect nor appreciate unseasonable weather. Prov 26:1 says that just as rain will put a real hindrance on the harvest, and thereby endanger the food supply for the coming year, so honour is not seemly for a fool. We must be very careful whom we applaud.
26:15 We are here presented with the picture of the slothful – he is so idle that he dies of starvation! Are we so slothful in our attitude to reading Scripture?
V.20-22 - "...where there is no talebearer ["talebearer" (KJV) or "gossip" (NIV) Heb. "nirgan" (5372) means "a slanderer, talebearer, whisperer" ] the strife ["strife" (KJV) or "a quarrel" (NIV) Heb. "madown" (4066) means "strife, contention (-ous), contest or quarrel, brawling, discord"] ceaseth...so is a contentious (4066) man to kindle ["kindle" Heb. "charar" (2787) figuratively means "to show or incite passion, be angry, burn, dry, kindle"] strife ["strife" Heb. "rib" (7379) means "a contest (personal or legal), pleading, strife, cause, adversary, chiding, contend (-tion), controversy, strive (-ing), suit" and it comes from the root "riyb" or "ruwb" (7378) meaning "to toss, grapple, to wrangle, hold a controversy, adversary, chide, complain, contend, debate, strive, rebuke, plead, to defend",etc.] ...The words of a talebearer (5372) are as wounds, and they go down to the innermost parts of the belly. Thus the dual message that contentious people make strife get worse and gossip can devastatingly hurt people to their very core. We should avoid foolish controversies (Titus 3:2,9) and quietly try to be helpful, keeping matters discrete (Matt 18:15; 1Cor 10:24; James 1:19).
26:6 Whilst the folly of sending a message by a fool is clear we are liable to do just the same. The wise man is counselling us to always use people to perform tasks who are appropriate for the task.
26:3 Each of the items spoken of in this verse is for exercising control. However the ‘fool’ will not respond to the ‘rod’ He simply passes on uncorrected. The sad thing about the ‘fool’ is that he does not even recognise his folly. That is why the chastening hand of God is of no value to the ‘fool’ We must take care that we are ‘exercised’ – Heb 12:11 - by God’s chastening or we will be fools also.
V.17 There exist many people who like to meddle in other people’s affairs. If they don’t mind their own business, they run the risk of an adverse reaction The GNB puts it this way: Getting involved in an argument that is none of your business is like going down the street and grabbing a dog by the ears. One will surely be bitten.
27:4-6 These seemingly contradictory proverbs are not contradicting each other at all. Firstly we must remember that there is a spiritual significance in all the Proverbs. They are not simply a collection of pithy sayings with an immediate surface meaning. Like Jesus’ parables they need to be ‘searched out’. There are three other occasions – all in Proverbs – where fool and folly occur together. Prov 13:16, 17:12 , 26:11 from which we can see that associating with a fools is unwise. Against this background we understand that ‘answering a fool according to his folly’ is tantamount to agreeing with him so he will see you as supporting his ideas. And answering him ‘not according to his folly’ is designed to show the fool that you are not supporting his folly. Fools will not listen so there is no benefit in trying to change his opinion. Rather one’s answer should be designed to highlight our position.
V.2 An unjust curse is like the birds that flutter about but do not land anywhere. The curse might float around the neighbourhood for a while but it will not have any impact. At some point it will just disappear like the birds which fly away.
V.11 corresponds to 2Pet 2:22.
V.12 If one is wise in their own eyes they have no need for any other advice. Therefore, they cannot be approached with Yahweh’s wisdom. That is unfortunate because divine wisdom surpasses worldly wisdom (1Cor 3:19).
V.18,19 Some people say or do hurtful things and then turn around and say: I was only kidding. But, the damage is done.
V.23 The ESV translates this verse: Like the glaze covering an earthen vessel are fervent lips with an evil heart.
V.27 is reflected in Psa 7:15. Any maliciousness committed will eventually befall the perpetrator.
Michael Parry and Peter Forbes in previous comments explained the paradox of Prov 26:4-5. The KJV translates almost cryptically, "Answer not a fool according to his folly, lest thou also be like unto him. Answer a fool according to his folly, lest he be wise in his own conceit." Perhaps the New English Bible captures the sense better, "Do not answer a stupid man in the language of his folly, or you will grow like him. Answer a stupid man as his folly deserves or he will think himself a wise man." - 1Pet 3:9;1Pet 2:21-23;1Tim 4:16;Col 4:6.
The above was gleaned from Balancing The Book (p.1-4) by Len Richardson.
26:12 What a warning to us! It is so easy to be so sure that we are correct that we will not listen to another. A fool has more hope that us in that situation.
Proverbs has a lot to say about fools: 1) They despise wisdom (Prov 1:7,22; 10:21; Prov 23:9). 2) They are scornful (Prov 10:23; 14:9). 3) They are deceitful (Prov 14:8). 4) Their speech is full of foolishness (Prov 15:2,14). 5) They do not want understanding (Prov 18:2). 6) Prov 26:3 tells us that such have the reasoning of donkeys.
Verses 4-5 are not contradictions, but a parallelism where one idea builds on another, the second thought being related to the first. Whether we use the principle of verse 4, or use the principle of verse 5 depends on the situation. It is best to ignore negligible issues that are designed to draw us into a type of discourse that genders strife lest we stoop to their level. On the other hand, serious issues like denying there is a God (Psa 14:1), we are to respond with words of rebuke. Otherwise, our silence may be taken as consent and the fool becomes conceited. These passages are complementary and present two sides of the same coin.
The uninformed, misinformed, or chloroformed critics love to point out how the Bible contradicts itself here one verse right after the other. If such were the case, we would have to believe that the Holy Spirit inspired writer of Proverbs was so ignorant not to notice he contradicted a verse he had just written (see 1Kin 4:29)! Solomon was teaching how difficult it is to deal with a fool, and if any of us have ever dealt with Bible critics, then we know the veracity of his words.
1. Prov. 26 is about a fools progressively worsening stages (a fool vs 1-12, a sluggard vs 13-16, a trouble-maker vs 17-26).
2. Prov 26:1 - things that are inappropriate or out of place.
3. Prov 26:2 - (NET) "Like a fluttering bird or like a flying swallow, so a curse without cause does not come to rest" - the undeserved curse has no effect on the one cursed.
4. Prov 26:3 - the rod is appropriate for the fool (he won't listen to reason) and may cause the fool to respond correctly.
5. Prov 26:4-5 - wisdom suggests we should refrain from intervention with a fool, but if our answer to a fool might expose his folly it may be helpful to do so - (2Tim 3:5,7-9).
6. Prov 26:6 - (NASB) "He cuts off his own feet and drinks violence Who sends a message by the hand of a fool" - to believers has been conveyed the message of life; what kind of messengers are we?
7. Prov 26:7 - (NET) "Like legs that hang limp from the lame, so is a proverb in the mouth of fools" - spiritual lameness.
8. Prov 26:8 - a more modern way of saying this might be, "giving honor to a fool is giving him ammunition or the power of a loaded gun".
9. Prov 26:11 - a fool never learns, he repeats his sin.
10. Prov 26:12 - (1Cor 3:18-20;8:2;Rom 12:16).
11. Prov 26:13-16 - physically, mentally, spiritually lazy - (Eph 5:14-16).
12. Prov 26:17 - unnecessary interference.
13. Prov 26:18-19 - jokes which harm others.
14. Prov 26:20 - (NIV) "Without wood a fire goes out; without a gossip a quarrel dies down".
15. Prov 26:22 - the deeply penetrating words of the talebearer.
16. Prov 26:23 - dross is the base metal left when silver has been refined; a relatively worthless vessel that has a misleading external appearance of value.
17. Prov 26:24 - (NET) "The one who hates others disguises it with his lips, but he stores up deceit within him".
18. Prov 26:25 - the reference to "7" perhaps suggests no single evil motivation but a heart completely full of sin.
19. Prov 26:26 - God will bring wickedness to light.
20. Prov 26:27 - what men do will come back to them (Haman Est 7:10; Daniel's enemies Dan 6:4-9,13,24).
21. Prov 26:28 - flattery can produce pride which brings ruin while lying hates and hurts (Gen 3:4-5;Prov 10:12;Isa 53:7,9).
Prov. 26:2,6,8,22,23.Several individual proverbs today.
v. 2 - "As the bird wandering, as the swallow flying, so the curse causeless shall not come."
v. 6 - "He that sends a message by the hand of a fool cuts off the feet and drinks damage."
v. 8 - "As he that binds a stone in a sling, so is he that gives honor to a fool."
v. 22 - "The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly."
v. 23 - "Burning lips and a wicked heart are like a potsherd covered with silver dross."
What is the basic meaning of each of these?
v. 2. The R.V. identifies the first bird as a sparrow, and the sparrow is known not to settle anywhere for longer than a moment. And the swallow, in the midst of migration - and Israel is a busy crossroads - also doesn't stay for any length of time. So the effect of the curse when given by a fool should be only momentary. For once the receiver realizes it is only a fool giving it, then it can be shrugged off.
v.6. Two analogies here. If someone sends a message by means of a fool, that would be equivalent to cutting off one's own feet - therefore no success in getting the word to others. For the second, it's as if the sender has drunk something that disagrees with him. So what might God feel when men, in His Name, presume upon themselves to preach a different gospel message than what is true!
v. 8. The point here has to do with the amount of damage that a properly aimed stone from a sling can inflict - think of David and Goliath! So when a fool is exalted to a position of honor and trust, there inevitably will be great damage that will result. In the New Testament letters - 1 Tim. 3 & Titus 1 - Paul gives specific criteria that should be considered before any brother takes the role of bishop or deacon (actual meanings - overseer and minister).
v. 22. A couple of possible meanings here. The more obvious is that the talebearer's victim - once news of the nasty gossip reaches his ears - feels almost as though he has been poisoned or, at the least, has eaten something that disagrees with him. Another possibility comes from the R.V. translation - "The words of a whisperer are as dainty morsels...". So if this is the idea, then the writer is referring to the ones who are hearing these things - what one writer calls "spicy tidbits of malicious gossip" - savoring them over and over in their vivid imagination. Whether this is the writer's intent or not is hard to know for sure, but it surely fits our sinful human natures to a tee, doesn't it?
v. 23 . Here is the same situation as v. 22 but having to do now with the gossiper himself.
"I'm telling you this because I think it's in the best interests of all concerned that you should know about it."
But the vessel is of the cheapest, coarsest earthenware, but all dressed up to look like one of some high quality. And the veneer is really only silver dross and not of any true value. Jesus makes similar points with his condemnation of the scribes and Pharisees with his analogies of the outside cleanness of cups and dishes being filled with greed and self-indulgence. And also the whitewashed tombs being filled with dead men's bones and all uncleanness. He then tells them on the inside you are filled with hypocrisy and wickedness (Matt 23:25-28). So the exhortational point is - beware when the conversation begins to go in that direction and understand it for what it really is and not for what the speaker is claiming that it is.
26:4-6 These seemingly contradictory proverbs are not contradicting each other at all. Firstly we must remember that there is a spiritual significance in all the Proverbs. They are not simply a collection of pithy sayings with an immediate surface meaning. Like Jesus’ parables they need to be ‘searched out’. There are three other occasions – all in Proverbs – where fool and folly occur together. Prov 13:16, 26:11 from which we can see that associating with a fools is unwise. Against this background we understand that ‘answering a fool according to his folly’ is tantamount to agreeing with him so he will see you as supporting his ideas. And answering him ‘not according to his folly’ is designed to show the fool that you are not supporting his folly. Fools will not listen so there is no benefit in trying to change his opinion. Rather one’s answer should be designed to highlight our position.
26:28 The one who lies is not simply stating untruths. Lying about another indicates an attitude of mind towards the one evil spoken of. Our innermost feelings for others are clearly seen by the way we miss represent them.
26:27 What the wise man says here is repeated – Ecc 10:8 and describes the way in which David – Psa 7:15– speaks of Cush / Shimei who cast stones at David as he fled from Absalom.
26:26 The way in which the lips are spoken of here is similarly spoken of – James 3:6 – as a warning about how men can cause terrible damage with their tongue.
26:20 If only, when someone told us something that was damaging to others we would simply say that we did not want to know the gossip and were unwilling to pass the gossip on then the story would die. People would not be hurt and fellowship would be maintained.
So, which is it? Well, it’s both!
Verse 4 warns us against arguing with a fool. Proverbs, as already noted, gives ample descriptions of a fool, so they are not hard to identify.
Verse 5 tells us there are times a fool has to be addressed for the sake of others exposed to their foolishness giving them credence by our silence. To let a fool speak without reproof encourages him to remain wise in his own eyes and possibly gain credibility in the eyes of others.
I learned this lesson the hard way, and I was insulted by some really mean, deceitful, hypocritical folks. It is very hard to phantom the mentality of such folks, but they exist and they are out in full swing! It is very wise to learn this lesson, and when we do, it will spare us from a lot of pain and anxiety.
26:19 the one who passes off his inappropriate behaviour calling it “jest” is like the one in Eph 5:4 who indulges in inconvenient “jesting”.
v.1-11 is one of the greatest lessons that we can have in forgiveness. Here Jesus forgives an act that was clearly worthy of death under the law. By comparison we each commit acts daily that are worthy of death under the law of sin that we have in our members, and yet we know that we are assured of forgiveness as long as our heart is right. This was surely the case here with this woman. Here Jesus, (v.7) in his dealings with the scribes and Pharisees is putting into practice the words from Prov.26 that we read above (v.4,5).
So an investigation of that chapter will instruct us as to what Jesus wanted his antagonists to learn which is far more instructive than speculating about what he wrote.
:59 In saying that Jesus 'hid himself' we have a quotation from Isaiah 8:17 which is very telling. Jesus was not simply avoiding a problem. He was behaving appropriately toward those who like Ahaz, in Isaiah's day, had turned away from God.
8:23 Jesus, in saying 'Ye are from beneath' is harking back to his comments to Nicodemus (John 3:31). As Nicodemus was in the audience on this occasion he may well have seen that Jesus was making reference to what he had already said to him privately as recorded in John 3.
If the Son of God, with authority, was not willing to judge (condemn, punish) (vs.11,15), then neither should we be.
Is there a suggestion in v.57, that due to the constant strain of His mission, Jesus looked older than His years?
The scribes and Pharisees tried to tempt Jesus in the matter of the woman taken in adultery. They claimed that she was guilty under the Law and should be stoned. Had they administered the Law properly, they would have also brought the offending male (Lev 20:10). The Lord saw through their hypocrisy and confounded them with wisdom.
8:1 In saying that Jesus ‘went to the mount of Olives’ we are expected to see a contrast with 7:53 where every man when home. Jesus did not have a home in that sense.
8:33 In claiming to be ‘Abraham’s seed’ they were doing exactly what John Baptist – Matt 3:9 - had warned them against.
InJohn 8:56-59 Jesus stated that Abraham rejoiced to see Christ’s day, and he saw it, and was glad. Abraham had faith, real faith. By his faith he was able to understand about the Kingdom, and Christ Jesus as its King. This made so much sense to him that he was able to draw his last breath in faith – not having received the promises, but able to see “them afar off” (Heb 11:13).
8:6-8 In this section of verses we see that silence was louder than any words that our Master could have said. The frustration of the scribes and Pharisees must have been unimaginable as Jesus remained silent as they kept questioning him about the women's guilt. Even the answer that Jesus provided to the questioning was of such a nature that he did not make light of her sin. He did not set aside the law. One by one each one of the accusers left. They would have been aware that Jesus' answer was making reference to Deut 17:7. These scribes and Pharisees were acting in the capacity of witnesses and accusers. The sin of the woman was as nothing when compared to their perverseness.
V.33 - "never been slaves of anyone" ... A rather hypocritical statement considering the Roman fortress/tower of Antonio overlooked the temple.
8:12 Jesus’ words ‘walk in darkness’ are picked up again by John – 1John 1:6– as part of his teaching about light and darkness and walking in truth.
The trap that the scribes and Pharisees set for Jesus involved his mother. Had Jesus consented to the guilt and, therefore, the stoning of the adulterous woman, He would have called His mother’s behaviour into question. Remember, that Mary was not yet married to Joseph when she became pregnant. In the eyes of Jesus’ accusers, she could only have become pregnant if she were unfaithful to her betrothed, Joseph (V.41).
It is ironic that the event concerning the adulterous woman took place in the treasury (v.20). The treasury (the place where the thirteen trumpet-shaped collection boxes were placed) was located in the Court of Women.
Notice the similarity between v9-10 and v46. Only Jesus is free from sin so that he can judge others. So if he omits to judge us, we are free too. This is how our salvation comes about (v36 and v11).
8:21 ‘whither I go ye cannot come’ puzzled the leaders and at least one disciple. It is phrase that Jesus has used before – John 7:34 and will use again - John 13:33 and is speaking of his glorification which those who are faithful will follow afterwards 13:36. May we be amongst those, like Peter, who will follow.
V.6 Jesus’ stooping down and writing on the ground was done to ignore the foolish question from the scribes and Pharisees. But, they did not take the hint and persisted. And so, Jesus responded.
V.8 Afterwards, Jesus stooped down again. He was also signalling to them that: You interrupted what I was doing which, by comparison, was more important than your foolish question.
V.44 Although Abraham was their natural father, the scribes and Pharisees were really the Seed of the Serpent.
8:20 In saying ‘his hour was not yet come’ were part way through a theme using this phrase. It starts in John 2:4 and after being seen here we see that his hour finally came – John 12:23 and we see it is all to do with the glorification of the son.
8:11 This second time Jesus tells someone to ‘sin no more’ is not simply a call to the woman not to commit adultery. Jesus is showing the link between forgiveness and repentance.
8:29 Jesus’ confidence that God never left him ‘alone’ should also be our confidence. Not that we will never be in difficulty – Jesus was. But that God will not abandon us. Do we have that confidence or when things are not going smoothly do we question God’s involvement in our lives?
8:13-14 The Pharisees probably thought they were on safe ground in saying that as Jesus bore witness of himself they could assert that his witness could not be relied on as the Law of Moses required more than one witness – Deut 17:6 etc. – However, as Jesus said, - verse 18 – he was not the only witness. He appealed to the witness of his Father – though the Jews chose to think Jesus was speaking of Joseph.
My reply: It seems Christ wasn’t the only one being “set up” that day (cf. vv. 5-6). If the woman was taken in adultery, “in the very act,” this would mean the man had to have been caught too. According to Lev 20:10, they should have brought him too, but the very fact that the Scribes and Pharisees let him go was more hypocrisy on their part, as they were themselves spiritual adulterers and idolaters. The woman, the Scribes and Pharisees were all "caught in the act." Christ, in response to their deceitful query, did not condemn the woman, not because he would not have the law upheld, but because the men who boasted in the law, brought only the woman contrary to the law. It would seem to me they were more interested in "catching" Christ, than having the woman stoned.
An article in the Daily Mail reported that on January 22, 2015, a young woman accused of committing adultery was stoned. ISIS militants along with her father participated in the stoning. She begged, “Father, forgive me,” and he coldly replied, “Don’t call me father.” Pleading for her life, her father, having been humiliated by the actions of his daughter showed her no mercy, but rather was given the honours of throwing the biggest stone at her that killed her. What a tragic story of loveless legalism, especially since the perpetrators themselves were guilty of the same sins and other unmentionable atrocities!
Here in John 8, we have another woman caught in the act of adultery not by ISIS militants, but by the hypocritical religious Pharisees. According to the Law she was to be stoned, and like with the above incidence, where was the man? These loveless legalists wanted to see what Jesus would do, and what Jesus did was a rather unusual thing: twice he stooped down (vv. 6,8). It may be that he first wrote their names on the ground, and when he stooped down again, he wrote their sins beside their names. Even the greatest theological minds do not know for sure what Jesus wrote, but it is amazing how they all, feeling condemned, left the woman alone with Jesus.
Jesus saw this woman not for what she was, but for what she would become and forgave her. This is how he sees each and every one of us. When we stumble and fall, we cry out, “Father, forgive me,” and He will hear us. How privileged, how loved we are to receive forgiveness from such a merciful Father. Our Heavenly Father would never coldly deny us as His children and leave us to die in our sins. He will hear our repentant prayers and forgive us because we have been bought with a price - the precious blood of the Lamb.
John 8:48 - with God as Christ's Father, Jesus was a Samaritan; the good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37) takes pity on us, and he will reimburse faithful believers when he returns.
8:33,39 Jesus did not dispute that the Jewish leaders were “Abraham’s seed” but when they claimed to be Abraham’s children Jesus objected making the point that if they were Abraham’s children they would behave like Abraham. We should be careful to appreciate that being followers of Jesus means that we have to live like him and not just claim to be one of his followers.
8:48 That the Samaritans were despised by the Jews is seen in the way in which Jesus introduces a Samaritan into a parable – Luke 10:33 – as the one who would help a stranger.
John 8:11 Our kindness and compassion must balance our purity and zeal, or we are but "holy" monsters. Christ was the purest and most zealous of all men. He was also the most compassionate and loving and understanding toward the weak and the sinner.
To add to Sis. Valerie Mello's comment in 2015: in verse 7, Jesus states that only someone who was without sin could "cast the first stone."
The Law of Moses records in Deuteronomy 17:6-7 that the witnesses to any crime worthy of death (of which adultery was one, Lev 20:10 & Deut 22:23-24) were to be the first to throw a stone/rock in the process of stoning to death the perpetrator(s).
It is important to note that only one of the witnesses could throw this first stone/rock in order to commence the execution. As soon as one of the witnesses had thrown the first stone/rock, the rest of the crowd could then throw as many stones/rocks at the guilty one(s) as were necessary to ensure their death. Whilst sometimes carried out after stoning (Deuteronomy 21:22 CJB), death by hanging was mainly reserved for non-Jews.
In this incident recorded by John, not one of the ‘witnesses’ to the woman’s adultery ever threw that first stone at her, simply because they’d all walked away, condemned by their own consciences. This meant that no-one else—not even our Lord (as he wasn’t a witness), could start the execution process.
But why did our Lord go further and show mercy to this woman who was obviously caught “in flagrante delicto” i.e. “in the very act” of adultery? A comparison of Matt 10:6; 15:24; 18:11; Luke 19:10; John 17:12 and Heb 10:7-10 will provide the answer. These verses reveal an interesting (and often overlooked) aspect of our Heavenly Father’s dealings with fallen mankind.
What our Father commands is not always His will. For example: Yahweh commanded in Gen 6:13 that “the earth and all living creatures be destroyed”. Yet clearly this does not accord with Yahweh’s will as recorded in Gen 1:28 “And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth…” nor with Hab 2:14 “For the earth shall be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the LORD, as the waters cover the sea.” And this was the 'raison d'etre' for Yahweh creating man (and later woman) i.e. to manifest the Father's glory and character on the earth.
3) the combination of Matt 5:28, the rest of the Discourse on the Mount in chapters 5-7 and our Lord’s repeated condemnation of the Scribes & Pharisees in Matt 23. All these points & passages of Scripture highlight the need for every brother & sister to rigorously avoid behaving as a hypocrite (Gk. <5723> hupocrites—a “stage player” or “actor”) - a character trait that both Yahweh and His son find particularly obnoxious.
8:47 It may seem a small point that Jesus said “heareth” but Jesus is making the point that what is required is a continual listening to his words – and by implication the words of the Bible.
8:6 Notice the motivation “accuse him” This was the environment that Jesus worked in all through his ministry. It was not simply a matter of speaking God’s words. He had to deal with vigorous opposition all the time.
In making the statement "let him who is without sin cast the first stone..." we know our Lord was aiming it at the hypocritical Scribes & Pharisees, whom he described as 'an adulterous generation' (Mark 8:38). We also know they all walked away self-condemned and thus by default 'let the woman off the hook' as it were, because there was no witness to cast the first stone at her as Deut 17:6-7 stipulated.
As I noted above in 2017; as our Lord was not a witness, he was therefore forbidden by the Law of Moses from casting the first stone at the poor woman: HOWEVER, he was morally justified to cast the first stone to kill her as our Lord was truly 'without sin'. Yet amazingly, he chose not to exercise his moral right to condemn the woman but showed mercy to her instead.
There is a very powerful lesson for us all in the way our Lord behaved in this one incident!

matches: v. V. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v.


text:
This list was prepared by M. Daniel Carroll R., Hélène Dallaire, and Richard S. Hess, professors at Denver Seminary and is available at http://www.denverseminary.edu/article/annotated-old-testament-bibliography-2008.
The Book of Genesis, Hamilton, Victor P.
The Book of Leviticus, Wenham, Gordon J.
Leviticus: the traditional Hebrew text with the new JPS translation, Levine, Baruch A.
The Book of Numbers, Ashley, Timothy R.
The Book of Deuteronomy, Craigie, Peter C.
Deuteronomy : The Traditional Hebrew Text With the New Jps Translation, Tigay, Jeffrey H.
Deuteronomy, Wright, Christopher J. H.
The Book of Joshua, Woudstra, Marten H.
The Book of Ruth, Hubbard, Robert L.
2 Samuel, Anderson, A. A.
1 & 2 Samuel, Arnold, Bill T.
1, 2 Samuel, Bergen, Robert D.
1 & 2 Samuel, Evans, Mary J.
1 Samuel, Klein, Ralph W.
Samuel I and II, Smith, Henry P.
1 Kings, DeVries, Simon J.
2 Kings, Hobbs, T. R.
1, 2 Kings, House, Paul R.
1 & 2 Kings, Provan, Iain W.
1 & 2 Kings: An Introduction and Commentary , Wiseman, Donald J.
2 Chronicles, Dillard, Raymond B.
1 & 2 Chronicles, Hill, Andrew E.
1 & 2 Chronicles, Selman, Martin J.
1, 2 Chronicles, Thompson, John A.
Ezra, Nehemiah, Williamson, H. G. M.
Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Allen, Leslie C.; Laniak, Timothy S.
Job, Clines, David J. A.
The Book of Job, Hartley, John E.
Psalms 101-150, Allen, Leslie C.
Proverbs 1-9, Fox, Michael V.
Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Garrett, Duane A.
The Book of Proverbs, Waltke, Bruce K.
Ecclesiastes: The Traditional Hebrew Text with the New JPS Translation, Fox, Michael V.
Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Provan, Iain W.
Song of Songs, Lamentations, Garrett, Duane A.; House, Paul R.
Song of Songs, Hess, Richard S.
Song of Songs, Pope, Marvin H.
The Book of Isaiah, Oswalt, John N.
Isaiah 1-39, Seitz, Christopher R.
Isaiah 34-66, Watts, John D. W.
The Book of Isaiah, Young, Edward J.
Judges: Studies in Hebrew Narrative and Poetry , Schneider, Tammi J.
1 Samuel , Campbell, Antony F.
2 Samuel , Campbell, Antony F.
First and Second Kings , Fretheim, Terence E.
1 And 2 Kings: Volume I, Jones, Gwilym H.
1 Kings: With an Introduction to Historical Literature , Long, Burke O.
1 Kings: Studies in Hebrew Narrative & Poetry, Walsh, Jerome T.
1 and 2 Chronicles, Williamson, H. G. M.
Job , Wharton, James A.
The Book of Ruth, Gow, Murray D.
Ruth: A New Translation with a Philological Commentary and a Formalist-Folklorist Interpretation , Sasson, Jack M.
Narrative Art and Poetry in the Books of Samuel, Fokkelman, J. P.
1 & 2 Samuel , Gordon, Robert P.
Two Nations Under God: The Deuteronomistic History of Solomon and the Dual Monarchies, Knoppers, Gary N.
First and Second Kings, Nelson, Richard D.
Character and Ideology in the Book of Esther , Fox, Michael V.
Encountering the Book of Isaiah: A Historical and Theological Survey , Beyer, Bryan E.
Isaiah 1-39, Smith, Gary V.
Isaiah 1-5 , Williamson, H. G. M.
Genesis , Sarna, Nahum M.
Numbers , Wenham, Gordon J.
Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther, Clines, David J. A.
Psalms 1-50, Craigie, Peter C.
Psalms 51-100, Tate, Marvin E.
Prayer Praise And Prophecy , Grogan, Geoffrey W.
Proverbs: A Commentary on an Ancient Book of Timeless Advice, Alden, Robert L.
A Time to Tear Down and a Time to Build Up: A Rereading of Ecclesiastes, Fox, Michael V.
Jeremiah 1-25, Craigie, Peter C.; Kelley, Page H.; Drinkard, Joel F.
Jeremiah 26-52, Keown, Gerald L.; Scalise, Pamela J.; Smothers, Thomas G.
The Book of Jeremiah, Thompson, John A.
Jeremiah: An Archaeological Companion, King, Philip J.
Jeremiah , Pixley, Jorge V.
The Book of Ezekiel, Block, Daniel I.
Ezekiel , Craigie, Peter C.
Ezekiel , Rooker, Mark F.
The Book of Daniel, Hartman, Louis F.
Hosea, Joel, Garrett, Duane A.
Amos and Hosea, Harper, William R.
Hosea, Amos, Micah, Smith, Gary V.
The Books of Joel, Obadiah, Jonah, and Micah, Allen, Leslie C.
Joel, Obadiah, Malachi, Baker, David W.
Joel and Amos, Coggins, Richard J.
Joel, Amos, Obadiah , Finley, Thomas J.
Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Alexander, T. Desmond; Baker, David W.; Waltke, Bruce K.
Micah - Malachi, Smith, Ralph L.
Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Baker, David W.
Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah, Roberts, J. J. M.
Haggai, Zechariah, Boda, Mark J.
Haggai and Zechariah, Meyers, Carol; Meyers, Eric M.
Haggai and Zechariah 1-8, Petersen, David L.
The Books of Haggai and Malachi, Verhoef, Pieter A.

matches: V. V. V. V. V. V. V.


Defendant Malcolm Tanner moves to dismiss the indictment (Doc. 14) alleging he illegally possessed a firearm in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). (Doc. 17.) Tanner contends the indictment violates the Ninth and Tenth Amendments of the United States Constitution as well as the Vermont Constitution. (Doc. 17 at 1, 6.) The government responds the indictment properly charges Tanner with being a felon in possession of a firearm because 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) is a constitutional exercise of federal power. (Doc. 19.) Tanner did not file a reply. For the reasons stated below, the motion to dismiss the indictment is denied.
Tanner was arrested on July 13, 2016, by Special Agents from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms & Explosives (“ATF”) for being a felon in possession of a firearm. Tanner has four felony convictions that qualify as prohibiting felonies under 18 U.S.C. § 921(a)(20): (1) a 1995 conviction for sale of drugs; (2) a 1999 conviction for theft by unauthorized taking; (3) a 2004 conviction for drug possession; and (4) a 2013 conviction for theft by unauthorized taking. (Docs. 17 at 1, 19 at 1.) ATF agents learned Burlington Police Department (“BPD”) officers had observed Tanner, in June and July 2016, riding a bicycle around the city of Burlington with a rifle strapped to his back. The local police were unaware of Tanner's felony convictions and determined he had not committed a state crime.
When the ATF Agents stopped Tanner on July 13, he had a Sears Roebuck and Co. Model 2200 .22 caliber semi-automatic rifle slung across his back. The rifle's magazine tube was loaded with seven rounds of ammunition. The chamber was empty. ATF Special Agent James Berger determined the rifle was manufactured by Stevens and concluded it was not manufactured in the state of Vermont.
Under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 7(c)(1), an indictment need only track the language of the statute charged and state the time and place of the alleged crime. United States v. LaSpina, 299 F.3d 165, 177 (2d Cir. 2002) (citation omitted). An indictment is sufficient if it contains the elements and fairly informs the defendant of the offense charged and enables the defendant to plead double jeopardy in future prosecutions for the same offense. United States v. Alfonso, 143 F.3d 772, 776 (2d Cir. 1998) (citing Hamling v. United States, 418 U.S. 87, 117 (1974)). On a motion to dismiss, “the indictment must be tested by its sufficiency to charge an offense.” United States v. Sampson, 371 U.S. 75, 78-79 (1962). Tanner has not challenged the facial validity of the indictment, nor does it appear he has grounds to do so, as the indictment states the elements of the charged offense. Compare Doc. 14 with 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1).
The Supreme Court and Second Circuit Court of Appeals have held § 922(g)(1) to be constitutional on its face. See Scarborough v. United States, 421 U.S. 563, 566-67 (1977); United States v. Sorrentino, 72 F.3d 294, 297 (2d Cir. 1995). While the Supreme Court has limited the reach of Congress's power under the Commerce Clause, it has not done so with respect to the type of specific jurisdictional basis present in § 922(g)(1). See United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549, 561-62 (1995) (invalidating a provision of the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 because the statute contained “no jurisdictional element which would ensure, through case-by-case inquiry, that the firearm possession . . . affects interstate commerce”). Accordingly, the Second Circuit has consistently held § 922(g)(1)'s “in and affecting commerce” element is satisfied by proof that the firearm a defendant possessed had previously traveled in interstate commerce. See, e.g., United States v. Gaines, 295 F.3d 293, 302 (2d Cir. 2002); United States v. Santiago, 238 F.3d 213, 216 (2d Cir. 2001); United States v. Palozie, 166 F.3d 502, 504 (2d Cir. 1999); United States v. Jones, 16 F.3d 487, 491 (2d Cir. 1994).
The Vermont Constitution cannot prevent application of a federal statute because the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution provides federal law “shall be the supreme Law of the Land . . . the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.” U.S. Const. Art. VI, § 2. See, e.g., United States v. Baer, 235 F.3d 561, 562 (10th Cir. 2000) (Utah constitutional provisions cannot override 18 U.S.C. § 922(g), a federal criminal statute).
The motion to dismiss is denied because the indictment sufficiently charges Tanner with knowingly possessing a firearm and ammunition “in or affecting commerce.” (Doc. 14.) The government will have to prove its assertion that the rifle Tanner possessed in Burlington, Vermont was not manufactured in Vermont.


text:
As a Swiss company, we are subject to the applicable data protection regulations and laws of Switzerland. In order to offer our services lawfully in the European Union (EU), we comply with Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation, hereinafter “GDPR”).
When operating our website, we generally act as data controller within the meaning of the GDPR and process personal data based on legal regulations or your voluntary consent to data collection.
When using this website, various data is collected automatically by our IT systems (e.g. Internet browser, operating system or time of page visit) or provided by you on a voluntary basis (e.g. by sending a contact form). Personal data are all data with which you can be identified as a natural person.
When collecting your personal data, we always endeavour to limit data processing as much as possible. To guarantee data protection, we rely on modern technical solutions and comprehensible and secure organisational mechanisms.
You can visit our website without providing any personal information. In cases in which you as a website user provides voluntary information, for example in the context of establishment of a contact, the settings of your browser and registering for our newsletter, further personal data is collected.
We process the above-mentioned data for the purposes of ensuring a smooth connection of the website and its user-friendliness, for statistical evaluation and evaluation of system security and stability, for security reasons, e.g. to clarify cases of abuse, as well as for other administrative purposes. For this purpose, user access to our website is stored in the server log files, including the IP address. These log files are processed monthly for statistical purposes with an analysis software and then deleted. A traceability to a certain person is not possible with the data used by us.
For all matters and support requests, we offer you the opportunity to contact us via the contact form provided on the website. In addition to the actual message, we need your name and a valid e-mail address so that we know who sent the request and can respond to it. Further informations can be provided voluntarily. The data collected will be used exclusively for processing and responding to your enquiry.
In this case, the data will be processed in accordance with Art. 6 para. 1 letter a GDPR on the basis of your voluntary consent. You can revoke your consent at any time. All you need to do is send us an informal e-mail. The legality of the data processing processes already carried out remains unaffected by the revocation.
After the matter has been settled, your data will be deleted immediately, provided there are no legal retention obligations. The data will not be used for any other purpose or passed on to third parties.
It is possible to subscribe to our newsletter, in which you will be informed about current events and our services. For this purpose we need a valid e-mail address from you as well as information that enables us to check whether you are actually the owner of the given e-mail address or whether the owner agrees to receive the newsletter. This is done by registering to receive the newsletter and confirming your acceptance by clicking on the confirmation link in a subsequent confirmation e-mail (so-called “Double Opt-In”). By doing so, you agree to receive the electronic newsletter. Further data will not be collected. The data will not be passed on to third parties.
You can revoke your consent to receive the newsletter at any time informally by e-mail and cancel your newsletter subscription.
Your data will only be passed on to third parties with your express consent, to initiate and process contractual relationships with you, to fulfil legal obligations or to safeguard our legitimate interests in establishment, exercise or defence of legal claims.
This website uses from time to time Google Analytics, a web analysis service of Google Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway Mountain View, California 94043, USA (“Google”). Google Analytics uses “cookies”, which are text files placed on your computer, to help the website analyze how users use the site. The information generated by the cookie about your use of the website (including your IP address) will be transmitted to and stored by Google on servers in USA. Google LLC is certified under the Privacy Shield Agreement: https://www.privacyshield.gov/participant?id=a2zt000000001L5AAI&status=Active.
Google will use this information within the scope of data processing to evaluate the use of the website, to compile reports on the website activities for us, to provide further services associated with the use of the website and the internet.
Google Analytics is used on the basis of Art. 6 para. 1 letter f GDPR. We have a legitimate interest in analyzing and optimizing our online presence.
This website may from time to time use Google AdSenses, a Google Inc. (see § 4 on Google above) advertising service.
Google AdSense uses “cookies”, which are text files placed on your computer, to help the website analyze how users use the site. Google AdSense also uses so-called web beacons (transparent graphic images). These web beacons can be used to evaluate information such as visitor traffic on these pages.
The informations generated by cookies and web beacons about the use of this website (including your IP address) and delivery of advertising formats will be transmitted to and stored by Google on servers in the USA. Google may disclose this collected information to third parties if required to do so by law or if Google outsources data processing to third parties. However, Google will not merge your IP address with other stored data.
This website may from time to time use Google AdWords. AdWords is an online advertising program of Google Inc. (see § 4 on Google above).
The saving of AdWords cookies is justified according to Art. 6 para. 1 letter f GDPR, whereby we as website provider have a legitimate interest in the analysis of user behaviour in order to optimize both our website and our advertising.
The plugin “google+1” (Google Plus) is integrated on our website. This is provided by Google Inc. (see § 4 on Google above). You can recognize this button by the sign “+1” on a white background.
When you visit our website that contains such a plugin, your browser establishes a direct connection to Google’s servers, which transfers the content of the plugin to your browser and integrates it into the website. This forwards the information that you have visited our website to Google. If you are logged in to Google Plus or Google through your personal account while visiting our site, Google may associate your visit to the site with that account. By interacting with plugins, e.g. by clicking the button or leaving a comment, this information is transmitted directly to Google and stored there.
We use Google Plus Plugin because of our legitimate interest in the analysis, optimization and operation of our online presence within the meaning of Art. 6 para. 1 letter f GDPR.
If you wish to prevent such data transmission, you must log out of your Google Plus or Google account before visiting our website.
Plugins from YouTube, belonging to Google Inc. (see § 4 on Google above), are used on our website. The site is operated by YouTube, LLC, 901 Cherry Ave, San Bruno, California 94066, USA.
We use YouTube plugins because of our legitimate interest in the analysis, optimization and operation of our online presence within the meaning of Art. 6 para. 1 letter f GDPR.
If you visit a website provided with such a plugin, a connection to the YouTube servers is established and the plugin is displayed on the website by notifying your browser. This transmits to the YouTube server which of our Internet pages you have visited. If you are logged into YouTube as a member, YouTube assigns this information to your personal user accounts on these platforms. When using these plugins, such as clicking/ launching a video or sending a comment, this information is assigned to your YouTube user account, which you can only prevent by logging out before using the plugin.
All data is processed centrally on our servers at a secure location in Switzerland and thus within the framework of the EU data protection standards. However, we would like to point out that there may be exceptions under §§ 3 to 8, where personal data may be transferred to the USA under the Privacy Shield Framework between the USA and the EU or the USA and Switzerland on the basis of the adequacy decision of the European Commission.
Personal data are stored by us in a form that allows the identification of the data subjects only for as long as is necessary for the purposes for which they are processed. We limit the retention period for personal data to the absolutely necessary minimum. With regard to our international activities, we have to comply with various legal retention obligations depending on the individual case and the respective applicable national law. This also determines the criteria for specifying the retention period.
You can send your queries to us free of charge in written, electronic form to the e-mail address given below in § 14 or by post to our business address. Please note that we must sufficiently verify your identity on the basis of the request. In case of doubt, we can demand further information to confirm your identity. We will answer your request immediately, at the latest within one month after its receipt. In exceptional cases, an appropriate fee may be charged or the request may be rejected for a legal reason.
You can contact the persons responsible for data protection within Knowlance AG at any time at the following e-mail address: info@knowlance.com. Our EU representative within the meaning of the GDPR is Mr. Christopher Waluga with business address in Ul. Płk F. Nullo 38/92, 31-543 Kraków, Poland. You can also contact him at the above e-mail address.
We are committed to strictly adhering to our legal obligations to provide information, to respond in a timely manner to you as data subjects, and to make notifications, deletions, etc. in accordance with the law.

matches:
Art. 6
Art. 6
§ 4
§ 4
Art. 6
§ 4
Art. 6
§ 4
Art. 6
§ 14


The Nebraska Uniform Real Estate Transfer on Death Deed Act was signed by Nebraska’s Governor on April 5, 2012, and is codified at Sections 76-3401 through 76-3423, Nebraska Revised Statutes. What follows is a section-by-section outline of the provisions of the Act. Reference should be made to the actual legislation when seeking to apply it to specific circumstances and situations.
Some sections of the Act are not included below because, although important, they are not of crucial interest to the title community, and are omitted in the interest of brevity.
Beneficiary: a person who receives property under a transfer on death deed (TODD).
Designated Beneficiary (DB): person designated to receive property in a TODD.
Person: individual, corporation, an estate, trustee of a trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government or governmental subdivision, agency or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity.
Property: an interest in property located in this state which is transferable upon the death of the owner.
Transferor: an individual who makes a TODD.
1. TODD made before, on, after operative date of Act.
2. Transferor dies on or after operative date of Act.
§4. Other Means of Transfer No effect on other means of transfer.
§5. Agricultural real estate May sever growing crops by indicating that growing crops vest either in the DB, or in the transferor’s estate, upon transferor’s death. If no disposition of growing crops appears in the TODD, the crops pass to the transferor’s estate.
§6. Revocable despite contrary provision.
§7. Nontestamentary A TODD is not a Last Will and Testament, and is therefore not treated as one.
§8. Capacity of transferor is same capacity required to make a will.
2. Acknowledged before notary or equivalent officer. Transferor and witnesses must all sign in the presence of a notary.
The foregoing section is unique to Nebraska.
§11. Notice or delivery to designated beneficiary not required for TODD to be effective.
§12. Form 521 (Real Estate Transfer Statement required) at time TODD becomes effective (death of transferor/recording of death certificate).
§16. Disclaimer DB may disclaim all or any part of the beneficiary’s interest.
§17. Designated Beneficiary’s liability Personally liable if remainder of transferor’s estate is insufficient to pay claims, statutory allowances, or expenses of administration.
§18. Medicaid reimbursement DB personally liable for Medicaid reimbursement.
§19. Contract to make or not revoke TODD must be established by written evidence signed by transferor after operative date of act.
§21. Health and Human Services may require revocation to qualify/remain qualified for Medicaid.
All following sections are not part of the TODD Act, but were included in LB 536, and affect other statutory sections, as indicated.
a. designated beneficiary may renounce any interest by filing a written instrument of renunciation.
b. renunciation made after property has been assigned, transferred, encumbered, conveyed, or pledged is ineffective as to any interest so assigned, transferred, encumbered, conveyed, or pledged.
§25. Murder Amends §30-2354, Nebraska Probate Code.
Person who feloniously kills or feloniously aids or abets the killing of the transferor who signed the TODD will be treated, for inheritance purposes, as if he or she predeceased the transferor.
b. require date of death, name of the decedent, and whether the title is affected as a result of a transfer on death deed; joint tenancy deed; expiration of a life estate; or other means.
§31. Requires filing of the death certificate.
§32. Takes TODD out of the operation of the recording acts so that the TODD doesn’t take effect upon recording. Amends §76-238 – the recording act.
§33. TODD cannot be revoked until the instrument of revocation is executed, acknowledged and filed with the Register of Deeds. Amends §76-246, which provides that an instrument of revocation must be recorded with the Register of Deeds.
§35. Additional documentary stamp tax exemptions (Not a part of the codified TODD Act, but included in LB 536). Amends §76-902; documentary tax exemptions.