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2018-02-19 Assigned to MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC. reassignment MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MANNING, TROY A.
2018-05-07 Assigned to MORGAN STANLEY SENIOR FUNDING, INC., AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment MORGAN STANLEY SENIOR FUNDING, INC., AS COLLATERAL AGENT SUPPLEMENT NO. 8 TO PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: MICRON TECHNOLOGY, INC.
The present disclosure includes apparatuses and methods related to performing logical operations using sensing circuitry. An example apparatus comprises an array of memory cells and sensing circuitry comprising a primary latch coupled to a sense line of the array. The sensing circuitry can be configured to perform a first operation phase of a logical operation by sensing a memory cell coupled to the sense line, perform a number of intermediate operation phases of the logical operation by sensing a respective number of different memory cells coupled to the sense line, and accumulate a result of the first operation phase and the number of intermediate operation phases in a secondary latch coupled to the primary latch without performing a sense line address access.
This application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/439,681, filed Feb. 22, 2017, which issues as U.S. Pat. No. 9,899,068 on Feb. 20, 2018, which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/051,112, filed Feb. 23, 2016, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,589,607 on Mar. 7, 2017, which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/538,399, filed Nov. 11, 2014, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,275,701 on Mar. 1, 2016, which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/962,399, filed Aug. 8, 2013, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,971,124 on Mar. 3, 2015, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure relates generally to semiconductor memory and methods, and more particularly, to apparatuses and methods related to performing logical operations using sensing circuitry.
In many instances, the processing resources (e.g., processor and/or associated FUC) may be external to the memory array, and data is accessed via a bus between the processing resources and the memory array to execute a set of instructions. Processing performance may be improved in a processor-in-memory (PIM) device, in which a processor may be implemented internal and/or near to a memory (e.g., directly on a same chip as the memory array), which may conserve time and power in processing. However, such PIM devices may have various drawbacks such as an increased chip size. Moreover, such PIM devices may still consume undesirable amounts of power in association with performing logical operations (e.g., compute functions).
FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of a portion of a memory array coupled to sensing circuitry in accordance with a number of embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2B illustrates a timing diagram associated with performing a number of logical operations using sensing circuitry in accordance with a number of embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIGS. 2C-1 and 2C-2 illustrate timing diagrams associated with performing a number of logical operations using sensing circuitry in accordance with a number of embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIGS. 2D-1 and 2D-2 illustrate timing diagrams associated with performing a number of logical operations using sensing circuitry in accordance with a number of embodiments of the present disclosure.
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a portion of sensing circuitry in accordance with a number of embodiments of the present disclosure.
A number of embodiments of the present disclosure can provide improved parallelism and/or reduced power consumption in association with performing compute functions as compared to previous systems such as previous PIM systems and systems having an external processor (e.g., a processing resource located external from a memory array, such as on a separate integrated circuit chip). For instance, a number of embodiments can provide for performing fully complete compute functions such as integer add, subtract, multiply, divide, and CAM (content addressable memory) functions without transferring data out of the memory array and sensing circuitry via a bus (e.g., data bus, address bus, control bus), for instance. Such compute functions can involve performing a number of logical operations (e.g., AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND, XOR, etc.). However, embodiments are not limited to these examples. For instance, performing logical operations can include performing a number of non-boolean logic operations such as copy, compare, destroy, etc.
In previous approaches, data may be transferred from the array and sensing circuitry (e.g., via a bus comprising input/output (I/O) lines) to a processing resource such as a processor, microprocessor, and/or compute engine, which may comprise ALU circuitry and/or other functional unit circuitry configured to perform the appropriate logical operations. However, transferring data from a memory array and sensing circuitry to such processing resource(s) can involve significant power consumption. Even if the processing resource is located on a same chip as the memory array, significant power can be consumed in moving data out of the array to the compute circuitry, which can involve performing a sense line address access (e.g., firing of a column decode signal) in order to transfer data from sense lines onto I/O lines (e.g., local I/O lines), moving the data to the array periphery, and providing the data to the compute function.
Furthermore, the circuitry of the processing resource(s) (e.g., compute engine) may not conform to pitch rules associated with a memory array. For example, the cells of a memory array may have a 4F2 or 6F2 cell size, where “F” is a feature size corresponding to the cells. As such, the devices (e.g., logic gates) associated with ALU circuitry of previous PIM systems may not be capable of being formed on pitch with the memory cells, which can affect chip size and/or memory density, for example. A number of embodiments of the present disclosure include sensing circuitry formed on pitch with memory cells of the array and capable of performing compute functions such as those described herein below.
In the following detailed description of the present disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration how one or more embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to practice the embodiments of this disclosure, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that process, electrical, and/or structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. As used herein, the designator “N,” particularly with respect to reference numerals in the drawings, indicates that a number of the particular feature so designated can be included. As used herein, “a number of” a particular thing can refer to one or more of such things (e.g., a number of memory arrays can refer to one or more memory arrays).
The figures herein follow a numbering convention in which the first digit or digits correspond to the drawing figure number and the remaining digits identify an element or component in the drawing. Similar elements or components between different figures may be identified by the use of similar digits. For example, 206 may reference element “06” in FIG. 2A, and a similar element may be referenced as 306 in FIG. 3. As will be appreciated, elements shown in the various embodiments herein can be added, exchanged, and/or eliminated so as to provide a number of additional embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, as will be appreciated, the proportion and the relative scale of the elements provided in the figures are intended to illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention, and should not be taken in a limiting sense.
System 100 includes a host 110 coupled to memory device 120, which includes a memory array 130. Host 110 can be a host system such as a personal laptop computer, a desktop computer, a digital camera, a smart phone, or a memory card reader, among various other types of hosts. Host 110 can include a system motherboard and/or backplane and can include a number of processing resources (e.g., one or more processors, microprocessors, or some other type of controlling circuitry). The system 100 can include separate integrated circuits or both the host 110 and the memory device 120 can be on the same integrated circuit. The system 100 can be, for instance, a server system and/or a high performance computing (HPC) system and/or a portion thereof Although the example shown in FIG. 1 illustrates a system having a Von Neumann architecture, embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented in non-Von Neumann architectures (e.g., a Turing machine), which may not include one or more components (e.g., CPU, ALU, etc.) often associated with a Von Neumann architecture.
For clarity, the system 100 has been simplified to focus on features with particular relevance to the present disclosure. The memory array 130 can be a DRAM array, SRAM array, STT RAM array, PCRAM array, TRAM array, RRAM array, NAND flash array, and/or NOR flash array, for instance. The array 130 can comprise memory cells arranged in rows coupled by access lines (which may be referred to herein as word lines or select lines) and columns coupled by sense lines (which may be referred to herein as digit lines or data lines). Although a single array 130 is shown in FIG. 1, embodiments are not so limited. For instance, memory device 120 may include a number of arrays 130 (e.g., a number of banks of DRAM cells). An example DRAM array is described in association with FIG. 2A.
Control circuitry 140 decodes signals provided by control bus 154 from the host 110. These signals can include chip enable signals, write enable signals, and address latch signals that are used to control operations performed on the memory array 130, including data read, data write, and data erase operations. In various embodiments, the control circuitry 140 is responsible for executing instructions from the host 110. The control circuitry 140 can be a state machine, a sequencer, or some other type of controller.
An example of the sensing circuitry 150 is described further below in association with FIGS. 2A and 3. For instance, in a number of embodiments, the sensing circuitry 150 can comprise a number of sense amplifiers (e.g., sense amplifier 206 shown in FIG. 2A or sense amplifier 306 shown in FIG. 3) and a number of compute components (e.g., compute component 231 shown in FIG. 2A), which may comprise an accumulator and can be used to perform logical operations (e.g., on data associated with complementary sense lines). In a number of embodiments, the sensing circuitry (e.g., 150) can be used to perform logical operations using data stored in array 130 as inputs and store the results of the logical operations back to the array 130 without transferring via a sense line address access (e.g., without firing a column decode signal). As such, various compute functions can be performed within using sensing circuitry 150 rather than (or in association with) being performed by processing resources external to the sensing circuitry (e.g., by a processor associated with host 110 and/or other processing circuitry, such as ALU circuitry, located on device 120 (e.g., on control circuitry 140 or elsewhere)). In various previous approaches, data associated with an operand, for instance, would be read from memory via sensing circuitry and provided to external ALU circuitry via I/O lines (e.g., via local I/O lines and/or global I/O lines). The external ALU circuitry could include a number of registers and would perform compute functions using the operands, and the result would be transferred back to the array via the I/O lines. In contrast, in a number of embodiments of the present disclosure, sensing circuitry (e.g., 150) is configured to perform logical operations on data stored in memory (e.g., array 130) and store the result back to the memory without activating (e.g., enabling) an I/O line (e.g., a local I/O line) coupled to the sensing circuitry, which can be formed on pitch with the memory cells of the array. Activating an I/O line can include enabling (e.g., turning on) a transistor having a gate coupled to a decode signal (e.g., a column decode signal) and a source/drain coupled to the I/O line. Embodiments are not so limited. For instance, in a number of embodiments, the sensing circuitry (e.g., 150) can be used to perform logical operations without activating column decode lines of the array; however, the local I/O line(s) may be activated in order to transfer a result to a suitable location other than back to the array (e.g., to an external register).
As such, in a number of embodiments, circuitry external to array 130 and sensing circuitry 150 is not needed to perform compute functions as the sensing circuitry 150 can perform the appropriate logical operations to perform such compute functions without the use of an external processing resource. Therefore, the sensing circuitry 150 may be used to compliment and/or to replace, at least to some extent, such an external processing resource (or at least the bandwidth of such an external processing resource). However, in a number of embodiments, the sensing circuitry 150 may be used to perform logical operations (e.g., to execute instructions) in addition to logical operations performed by an external processing resource (e.g., host 110). For instance, host 110 and/or sensing circuitry 150 may be limited to performing only certain logical operations and/or a certain number of logical operations.
FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of a portion of a memory array 230 coupled to sensing circuitry in accordance with a number of embodiments of the present disclosure. In this example, the memory array 230 is a DRAM array of 1T1C (one transistor one capacitor) memory cells each comprised of an access device 202 (e.g., transistor) and a storage element 203 (e.g., a capacitor). In a number of embodiments, the memory cells are destructive read memory cells (e.g., reading the data stored in the cell destroys the data such that the data originally stored in the cell is refreshed after being read). The cells of array 230 are arranged in rows coupled by word lines 204-0 (Row0), 204-1 (Row1), 204-2, (Row2) 204-3 (Row3), . . . , 204-N (RowN) and columns coupled by sense lines (e.g., digit lines) 205-1 (D) and 205-2 (D_). In this example, each column of cells is associated with a pair of complementary sense lines 205-1 (D) and 205-2 (D_). Although only a single column of memory cells is illustrated in FIG. 2A, embodiments are not so limited. For instance, a particular array may have a number of columns of memory cells and/or sense lines (e.g., 4,096, 8,192, 16,384, etc.). A gate of a particular memory cell transistor 202 is coupled to its corresponding word line 204-0, 204-1, 204-2, 204-3, . . . , 204-N, a first source/drain region is coupled to its corresponding sense line 205-1, and a second source/drain region of a particular memory cell transistor is coupled to its corresponding capacitor 203. Although not illustrated in FIG. 2A, the sense line 205-2 may also be coupled to a column of memory cells.
The array 230 is coupled to sensing circuitry in accordance with a number of embodiments of the present disclosure. In this example, the sensing circuitry comprises a sense amplifier 206 and a compute component 231. The sensing circuitry can be sensing circuitry 150 shown in FIG. 1. The sense amplifier 206 is coupled to the complementary sense lines D, D_ corresponding to a particular column of memory cells. The sense amplifier 206 can be a sense amplifier such as sense amplifier 306 described below in association with FIG. 3. As such, the sense amp 206 can be operated to determine a state (e.g., logic data value) stored in a selected cell. Embodiments are not limited to the example sense amplifier 206. For instance, sensing circuitry in accordance with a number of embodiments described herein can include current-mode sense amplifiers and/or single-ended sense amplifiers (e.g., sense amplifiers coupled to one sense line).
In a number of embodiments, a compute component (e.g., 231) can comprise a number of transistors formed on pitch with the transistors of the sense amp (e.g., 206) and/or the memory cells of the array (e.g., 230), which may conform to a particular feature size (e.g., 4F2, 6F2, etc.). As described further below, the compute component 231 can, in conjunction with the sense amp 206, operate to perform various logical operations using data from array 230 as input and store the result back to the array 230 without transferring the data via a sense line address access (e.g., without firing a column decode signal such that data is transferred to circuitry external from the array and sensing circuitry via local I/O lines). As such, a number of embodiments of the present disclosure can enable performing logical operations and computing functions associated therewith using less power than various previous approaches. Additionally, since a number of embodiments eliminate the need to transfer data across I/O lines in order to perform compute functions, a number of embodiments can enable an increased parallel processing capability as compared to previous approaches.
In the example illustrated in FIG. 2A, the circuitry corresponding to compute component 231 comprises five transistors coupled to each of the sense lines D and D_; however, embodiments are not limited to this example. Transistors 207-1 and 207-2 have a first source/drain region coupled to sense lines D and D_, respectively, and a second source/drain region coupled to a cross coupled latch (e.g., coupled to gates of a pair of cross coupled transistors, such as cross coupled NMOS transistors 208-1 and 208-2 and cross coupled PMOS transistors 209-1 and 209-2). As described further herein, the cross coupled latch comprising transistors 208-1, 208-2, 209-1, and 209-2 can be referred to as a secondary latch (the cross coupled latch corresponding to sense amp 206 can be referred to herein as a primary latch).
The transistors 207-1 and 207-2 can be referred to as pass transistors, which can be enabled via respective signals 211-1 (Passd) and 211-2 (Passdb) in order to pass the voltages or currents on the respective sense lines D and D_ to the inputs of the cross coupled latch comprising transistors 208-1, 208-2, 209-1, and 209-2 (e.g., the input of the secondary latch). In this example, the second source/drain region of transistor 207-1 is coupled to a first source/drain region of transistors 208-1 and 209-1 as well as to the gates of transistors 208-2 and 209-2. Similarly, the second source/drain region of transistor 207-2 is coupled to a first source/drain region of transistors 208-2 and 209-2 as well as to the gates of transistors 208-1 and 209-1.
A second source/drain region of transistor 208-1 and 208-2 is commonly coupled to a negative control signal 212-1 (Accumb). A second source/drain region of transistors 209-1 and 209-2 is commonly coupled to a positive control signal 212-2 (Accum). The Accum signal 212-2 can be a supply voltage (e.g., VDD) and the Accumb signal can be a reference voltage (e.g., ground). Enabling signals 212-1 and 212-2 activates the cross coupled latch comprising transistors 208-1, 208-2, 209-1, and 209-2 corresponding to the secondary latch. The activated sense amp pair operates to amplify a differential voltage between common node 217-1 and common node 217-2 such that node 217-1 is driven to one of the Accum signal voltage and the Accumb signal voltage (e.g., to one of VDD and ground), and node 217-2 is driven to the other of the Accum signal voltage and the Accumb signal voltage. As described further below, the signals 212-1 and 212-2 are labeled “Accum” and “Accumb” because the secondary latch can serve as an accumulator while being used to perform a logical operation. In a number of embodiments, an accumulator comprises the cross coupled transistors 208-1, 208-2, 209-1, and 209-2 forming the secondary latch as well as the pass transistors 207-1 and 207-2. As described further herein, in a number of embodiments, a compute component comprising an accumulator coupled to a sense amplifier can be configured to perform a logical operation that comprises performing an accumulate operation on a data value represented by a signal (e.g., voltage or current) on at least one of a pair of complementary sense lines.
The compute component 231 also includes inverting transistors 214-1 and 214-2 having a first source/drain region coupled to the respective digit lines D and D_. A second source/drain region of the transistors 214-1 and 214-2 is coupled to a first source/drain region of transistors 216-1 and 216-2, respectively. The gates of transistors 214-1 and 214-2 are coupled to a signal 213 (InvD). The gate of transistor 216-1 is coupled to the common node 217-1 to which the gate of transistor 208-2, the gate of transistor 209-2, and the first source/drain region of transistor 208-1 are also coupled. In a complementary fashion, the gate of transistor 216-2 is coupled to the common node 217-2 to which the gate of transistor 208-1, the gate of transistor 209-1, and the first source/drain region of transistor 208-2 are also coupled. As such, enabling signal InvD serves to invert the data value stored in the secondary latch and drives the inverted value onto sense lines 205-1 and 205-2.
The compute component 231 shown in FIG. 2A can be operated (e.g., via the Passd, Passdb, Accumb, Accum, and InvD signals) to perform various logical operations including AND, NAND, OR, and NOR operations, among others. For instance, as described further below, sensing circuitry (e.g., sense amp 206 and compute component 231) in accordance with a number of embodiments can be operated to perform AND, NAND, OR, and NOR operations, among others. The logical operations can be R-input logical operations, with “R” representing a value of two or more.
For instance, an R-input logical operation can be performed using data stored in array 230 as inputs, and the result can be stored to a suitable location (e.g., back to array 230 and/or to a different location) via operation of the sensing circuitry. In the examples described below, an R-input logical operation includes using a data value (e.g., logic 1 or logic 0) stored in a memory cell coupled to a first particular word line (e.g., 204-0) and to a particular sense line (e.g., 205-1) as a first input and data values stored in memory cells coupled to a number of additional word lines (e.g., 204-1 to 204-N), and commonly coupled to the particular sense line (e.g., 205-1), as a respective number of additional inputs. In this manner, a number of logical operations can be performed in parallel. For instance, 4K logical operations could be performed in parallel on an array having 4K sense lines. In this example, 4K cells coupled to a first word line could serve as 4K first inputs, 4K cells coupled to a second word line could serve as 4K second inputs, and 4K cells coupled to a third word line could serve as 4K third inputs in a 3-input logical operation. As such, in this example, 4K separate 3-input logical operations can be performed in parallel.
In a number of embodiments, a first operation phase of an R-input logical operation includes performing a sensing operation on a memory cell coupled to a particular word line (e.g., 204-0) and to a particular sense line (e.g., 205-1) to determine its stored data value (e.g., logic 1 or logic 0), which serves as a first input in an R-input logical operation. The first input (e.g., the sensed stored data value) can then be transferred (e.g., copied) to a latch associated with compute component 231. A number of intermediate operation phases can be performed and can also include performing sensing operations on memory cells coupled to a respective number of additional word lines (e.g., 204-1 to 204-N) and to the particular sense line (e.g., 205-1) to determine their stored data values, which serve as a respective number of additional inputs (e.g., R−1 additional inputs) to the R-input logical operation. A last operation phase of an R-input logical operation involves operating the sensing circuitry to store the result of the logical operation to a suitable location. As an example, the result can be stored back to the array (e.g., back to a memory cell coupled to the particular sense line 205-1). Storing the result back to the array can occur without activating a column decode line. The result can also be stored to a location other than in array 230. For instance, the result can be stored (e.g., via local I/O lines coupled to sense amp 206) to an external register associated with a processing resource such as a host processor; however, embodiments are not so limited. Details regarding the first, intermediate, and last operation phases are described further below in association with FIGS. 2B, 2C-1, 2C-2, 2D-1, and 2D-2.
FIG. 2B illustrates a timing diagram 285-1 associated with performing a number of logical operations using sensing circuitry in accordance with a number of embodiments of the present disclosure. Timing diagram 285-1 illustrates signals (e.g., voltage signals) associated with performing a first operation phase of a logical operation (e.g., an R-input logical operation). The first operation phase described in FIG. 2B can be a first operation phase of an AND, NAND, OR, or NOR operation, for instance. As described further below, performing the operation phase illustrated in FIG. 2B can involve consuming significantly less energy (e.g., about half) than previous processing approaches, which may involve providing a full swing between voltage rails (e.g., between a supply and ground) to perform a compute function.
In the example illustrated in FIG. 2B, the voltage rails corresponding to complementary logic values (e.g., “1” and “0”) are a supply voltage 274 (VDD) and a ground voltage 272 (Gnd). Prior to performing a logical operation, equilibration can occur such that the complementary sense lines D and D_ are shorted together at an equilibration voltage 225 (VDD/2). Equilibration is described further below in association with FIG. 3.
At time t1, the equilibration signal 226 is deactivated, and then a selected row is activated (e.g., the row corresponding to a memory cell whose data value is to be sensed and used as a first input). Signal 204-0 represents the voltage signal applied to the selected row (e.g., row 204-0). When row signal 204-0 reaches the threshold voltage (Vt) of the access transistor (e.g., 202) corresponding to the selected cell, the access transistor turns on and couples the sense line D to the selected memory cell (e.g., to the capacitor 203 if the cell is a 1T1C DRAM cell), which creates a differential voltage signal between the sense lines D and D_ (e.g., as indicated by signals 205-1 and 205-2, respectively) between times t2 and t3. The voltage of the selected cell is represented by signal 203. Due to conservation of energy, creating the differential signal between D and D_ (e.g., by coupling the cell to sense line D) does not consume energy, since the energy associated with activating/deactivating the row signal 204 can be amortized over the plurality of memory cells coupled to the row.
At time t3, the sense amp (e.g., 206) activates (e.g., the positive control signal 231 (e.g., PSA 331 shown in FIG. 3) goes high, and the negative control signal 228 (e.g., RNL_328) goes low), which amplifies the differential signal between D and D_, resulting in a voltage (e.g., VDD) corresponding to a logic 1 or a voltage (e.g., ground) corresponding to a logic 0 being on sense line D (and the other voltage being on complementary sense line D_), such that the sensed data value is stored in the primary latch of sense amp 206. The primary energy consumption occurs in charging the sense line D (205-1) from the equilibration voltage VDD/2 to the rail voltage VDD.
At time t4, the pass transistors 207-1 and 207-2 are enabled (e.g., via respective Passd and Passdb control signals applied to control lines 211-1 and 211-2, respectively). The control signals 211-1 and 211-2 are referred to collectively as control signals 211. As used herein, various control signals, such as Passd and Passdb, may be referenced by referring to the control lines to which the signals are applied. For instance, a Passd signal can be referred to as control signal 211-1. At time t5, the accumulator control signals Accumb and Accum are activated via respective control lines 212-1 and 212-2. As described below, the accumulator control signals 212-1 and 212-2 may remain activated for subsequent operation phases. As such, in this example, activating the control signals 212-1 and 212-2 activates the secondary latch (e.g., accumulator) of compute component 231. The sensed data value stored in sense amp 206 is transferred (e.g., copied) to the secondary latch.
At time t6, the pass transistors 207-1 and 207-2 are disabled (e.g., turned off); however, since the accumulator control signals 212-1 and 212-2 remain activated, an accumulated result is stored (e.g., latched) in the secondary latch (e.g., accumulator). At time t7, the row signal 204-0 is deactivated, and the array sense amps are deactivated at time t8 (e.g., sense amp control signals 228 and 231 are deactivated).
At time t9, the sense lines D and D_ are equilibrated (e.g., equilibration signal 226 is activated), as illustrated by sense line voltage signals 205-1 and 205-2 moving from their respective rail values to the equilibration voltage 225 (VDD/2). The equilibration consumes little energy due to the law of conservation of energy. As described below in association with FIG. 3, equilibration can involve shorting the complementary sense lines D and D_ together at an equilibration voltage, which is VDD/2, in this example. Equilibration can occur, for instance, prior to a memory cell sensing operation.
FIGS. 2C-1 and 2C-2 illustrate timing diagrams 285-2 and 285-3, respectively, associated with performing a number of logical operations using sensing circuitry in accordance with a number of embodiments of the present disclosure. Timing diagrams 285-2 and 285-3 illustrate signals (e.g., voltage signals) associated with performing a number of intermediate operation phases of a logical operation (e.g., an R-input logical operation). For instance, timing diagram 285-2 corresponds to a number of intermediate operation phases of an R-input NAND operation or an R-input AND operation, and timing diagram 285-3 corresponds to a number of intermediate operation phases of an R-input NOR operation or an R-input OR operation. For example, performing an AND or NAND operation can include performing the operation phase shown in FIG. 2C-1 one or more times subsequent to an initial operation phase such as that described in FIG. 2B. Similarly, performing an OR or NOR operation can include performing the operation phase shown in FIG. 2C-2 one or more times subsequent to an initial operation phase such as that described in FIG. 2B.
As shown in timing diagrams 285-2 and 285-3, at time t1, equilibration is disabled (e.g., the equilibration signal 226 is deactivated), and then a selected row is activated (e.g., the row corresponding to a memory cell whose data value is to be sensed and used as an input such as a second input, third input, etc.). Signal 204-1 represents the voltage signal applied to the selected row (e.g., row 204-1). When row signal 204-1 reaches the threshold voltage (Vt) of the access transistor (e.g., 202) corresponding to the selected cell, the access transistor turns on and couples the sense line D to the selected memory cell (e.g., to the capacitor 203 if the cell is a 1T1C DRAM cell), which creates a differential voltage signal between the sense lines D and D_ (e.g., as indicated by signals 205-1 and 205-2, respectively) between times t2 and t3. The voltage of the selected cell is represented by signal 203. Due to conservation of energy, creating the differential signal between D and D_ (e.g., by coupling the cell to sense line D) does not consume energy, since the energy associated with activating/deactivating the row signal 204 can be amortized over the plurality of memory cells coupled to the row.
At time t3, the sense amp (e.g., 206) activates (e.g., the positive control signal 231 (e.g., PSA 331 shown in FIG. 3) goes high, and the negative control signal 228 (e.g., RNL 328) goes low), which amplifies the differential signal between D and D_, resulting in a voltage (e.g., VDD) corresponding to a logic 1 or a voltage (e.g., ground) corresponding to a logic 0 being on sense line D (and the other voltage being on complementary sense line D_), such that the sensed data value is stored in the primary latch of sense amp 206. The primary energy consumption occurs in charging the sense line D (205-1) from the equilibration voltage VDD/2to the rail voltage VDD.
As shown in timing diagrams 285-2 and 285-3, at time t4 (e.g., after the selected cell is sensed), only one of control signals 211-1 (Passd) and 211-2 (Passdb) is activated (e.g., only one of pass transistors 207-1 and 207-2 is enabled), depending on the particular logic operation. For example, since timing diagram 285-2 corresponds to an intermediate phase of a NAND or AND operation, control signal 211-1 is activated at time t4 and control signal 211-2 remains deactivated. Conversely, since timing diagram 285-3 corresponds to an intermediate phase of a NOR or OR operation, control signal 211-2 is activated at time t4 and control signal 211-1 remains deactivated. Recall from above that the accumulator control signals 212-1 (Accumb) and 212-2 (Accum) were activated during the initial operation phase described in FIG. 2B, and they remain activated during the intermediate operation phase(s).
Since the accumulator was previously activated, activating only Passd (211-1) results in accumulating the data value corresponding to the voltage signal 205-1. Similarly, activating only Passdb (211-2) results in accumulating the data value corresponding to the voltage signal 205-2. For instance, in an example AND/NAND operation (e.g., timing diagram 285-2) in which only Passd (211-1) is activated, if the data value stored in the selected memory cell (e.g., a Row1 memory cell in this example) is a logic 0, then the accumulated value associated with the secondary latch is asserted low such that the secondary latch stores logic 0. If the data value stored in the Row1 memory cell is not a logic 0, then the secondary latch retains its stored Row0 data value (e.g., a logic 1 or a logic 0). As such, in this AND/NAND operation example, the secondary latch is serving as a zeroes (0s) accumulator. Similarly, in an example OR/NOR operation (e.g., timing diagram 285-3) in which only Passdb is activated, if the data value stored in the selected memory cell (e.g., a Row1 memory cell in this example) is a logic 1, then the accumulated value associated with the secondary latch is asserted high such that the secondary latch stores logic 1. If the data value stored in the Row1 memory cell is not a logic 1, then the secondary latch retains its stored Row0 data value (e.g., a logic 1 or a logic 0). As such, in this OR/NOR operation example, the secondary latch is effectively serving as a ones (1s) accumulator since voltage signal 205-2 on D_ is setting the true data value of the accumulator.
At the conclusion of an intermediate operation phase such as that shown in FIG. 2C-1 and 2C-2, the Passd signal (e.g., for AND/NAND) or the Passdb signal (e.g., for OR/NOR) is deactivated (e.g., at time t5), the selected row is deactivated (e.g., at time t6), the sense amp is deactivated (e.g., at time t7), and equilibration occurs (e.g., at time t8). An intermediate operation phase such as that illustrated in FIG. 2C-1 or 2C-2 can be repeated in order to accumulate results from a number of additional rows. As an example, the sequence of timing diagram 285-2 or 285-3 can be performed a subsequent (e.g., second) time for a Row2 memory cell, a subsequent (e.g., third) time for a Row3 memory cell, etc. For instance, for a 10-input NOR operation, the intermediate phase shown in FIG. 2C-2 can occur 9 times to provide 9 inputs of the 10-input logical operation, with the tenth input being determined during the initial operation phase (e.g., as described in FIG. 2B).
FIGS. 2D-1 and 2D-2 illustrate timing diagrams 285-4 and 285-5, respectively, associated with performing a number of logical operations using sensing circuitry in accordance with a number of embodiments of the present disclosure. Timing diagrams 285-4 and 285-5 illustrate signals (e.g., voltage signals) associated with performing a last operation phase of a logical operation (e.g., an R-input logical operation). For instance, timing diagram 285-4 corresponds to a last operation phase of an R-input NAND operation or an R-input NOR operation, and timing diagram 285-5 corresponds to a last operation phase of an R-input AND operation or an R-input OR operation. For example, performing a NAND operation can include performing the operation phase shown in FIG. 2D-1 subsequent to a number of iterations of the intermediate operation phase described in association with FIG. 2C-1, performing a NOR operation can include performing the operation phase shown in FIG. 2D-1 subsequent to a number of iterations of the intermediate operation phase described in association with FIG. 2C-2, performing an AND operation can include performing the operation phase shown in FIG. 2D-2 subsequent to a number of iterations of the intermediate operation phase described in association with FIG. 2C-1, and performing an OR operation can include performing the operation phase shown in FIG. 2D-2 subsequent to a number of iterations of the intermediate operation phase described in association with FIG. 2C-2. Table 1 shown below indicates the Figures corresponding to the sequence of operation phases associated with performing a number of R-input logical operations in accordance with a number of embodiments described herein.
The last operation phases of FIGS. 2D-1 and 2D-2 are described in association with storing a result of an R-input logical operation to a row of the array (e.g., array 230). However, as described above, in a number of embodiments, the result can be stored to a suitable location other than back to the array (e.g., to an external register associated with a controller and/or host processor, to a memory array of a different memory device, etc., via I/O lines).
As shown in timing diagrams 285-4 and 285-5, at time equilibration is disabled (e.g., the equilibration signal 226 is deactivated) such that sense lines D and D_ are floating. At time t2, either the InvD signal 213 or the Passd and Passdb signals 211 are activated, depending on which logical operation is being performed. In this example, the InvD signal 213 is activated for a NAND or NOR operation (see FIG. 2D-1), and the Passd and Passdb signals 211 are activated for an AND or OR operation (see FIG. 2D-2).
Activating the InvD signal 213 at time t2 (e.g., in association with a NAND or NOR operation) enables transistors 214-1/214-2 and results in an inverting of the data value stored in the secondary latch as either sense line D or sense line D_ is pulled low. As such, activating signal 213 inverts the accumulated output. Therefore, for a NAND operation, if any of the memory cells sensed in the prior operation phases (e.g., the initial operation phase and one or more intermediate operation phases) stored a logic 0 (e.g., if any of the R-inputs of the NAND operation were a logic 0), then the sense line D_ will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 0 (e.g., a ground voltage) and sense line D will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 1 (e.g., a supply voltage such as VDD). For this NAND example, if all of the memory cells sensed in the prior operation phases stored a logic 1 (e.g., all of the R-inputs of the NAND operation were logic 1), then the sense line D_ will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 1 and sense line D will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 0. At time t3, the primary latch of sense amp 206 is then activated (e.g., the sense amp is fired), driving D and D_ to the appropriate rails, and the sense line D now carries the NANDed result of the respective input data values as determined from the memory cells sensed during the prior operation phases. As such, sense line D will be at VDD if any of the input data values are a logic 0 and sense line D will be at ground if all of the input data values are a logic 1.
For a NOR operation, if any of the memory cells sensed in the prior operation phases (e.g., the initial operation phase and one or more intermediate operation phases) stored a logic 1 (e.g., if any of the R-inputs of the NOR operation were a logic 1), then the sense line D_ will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 1 (e.g., VDD) and sense line D will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 0 (e.g., ground). For this NOR example, if all of the memory cells sensed in the prior operation phases stored a logic 0 (e.g., all of the R-inputs of the NOR operation were logic 0), then the sense line D_ will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 0 and sense line D will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 1. At time t3, the primary latch of sense amp 206 is then activated and the sense line D now contains the NORed result of the respective input data values as determined from the memory cells sensed during the prior operation phases. As such, sense line D will be at ground if any of the input data values are a logic 1 and sense line D will be at VDD if all of the input data values are a logic 0.
Referring to FIG. 2D-2, activating the Passd and Passdb signals 211 (e.g., in association with an AND or OR operation) transfers the accumulated output stored in the secondary latch of compute component 231 to the primary latch of sense amp 206. For instance, for an AND operation, if any of the memory cells sensed in the prior operation phases (e.g., the first operation phase of FIG. 2B and one or more iterations of the intermediate operation phase of FIG. 2C-1) stored a logic 0 (e.g., if any of the R-inputs of the AND operation were a logic 0), then the sense line D_ will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 1 (e.g., VDD) and sense line D will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 0 (e.g., ground). For this AND example, if all of the memory cells sensed in the prior operation phases stored a logic 1 (e.g., all of the R-inputs of the AND operation were logic 1), then the sense line D_ will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 0 and sense line D will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 1. At time t3, the primary latch of sense amp 206 is then activated and the sense line D now carries the ANDed result of the respective input data values as determined from the memory cells sensed during the prior operation phases. As such, sense line D will be at ground if any of the input data values are a logic 0 and sense line D will be at VDD if all of the input data values are a logic 1.
For an OR operation, if any of the memory cells sensed in the prior operation phases (e.g., the first operation phase of FIG. 2B and one or more iterations of the intermediate operation phase shown in FIG. 2C-2) stored a logic 1 (e.g., if any of the R-inputs of the OR operation were a logic 1), then the sense line D_ will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 0 (e.g., ground) and sense line D will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 1 (e.g., VDD). For this OR example, if all of the memory cells sensed in the prior operation phases stored a logic 0 (e.g., all of the R-inputs of the OR operation were logic 0), then the sense line D will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 0 and sense line D_ will carry a voltage corresponding to logic 1. At time t3, the primary latch of sense amp 206 is then activated and the sense line D now carries the ORed result of the respective input data values as determined from the memory cells sensed during the prior operation phases. As such, sense line D will be at VDD if any of the input data values are a logic 1 and sense line D will be at ground if all of the input data values are a logic 0.
The result of the R-input AND, OR, NAND, and NOR operations can then be stored back to a memory cell of array 230. In the examples shown in FIGS. 2D-1 and 2D-2, the result of the R-input logical operation is stored to a memory cell coupled to RowR (e.g., 204-R). Storing the result of the logical operation to the RowR memory cell simply involves enabling the RowR access transistor 202 by activating RowR. The capacitor 203 of the RowR memory cell will be driven to a voltage corresponding to the data value on the sense line D (e.g., logic 1 or logic 0), which essentially overwrites whatever data value was previously stored in the RowR memory cell. It is noted that the RowR memory cell can be a same memory cell that stored a data value used as an input for the logical operation. For instance, the result of the logical operation can be stored back to the Row0 memory cell or Row1 memory cell.
Timing diagrams 285-4 and 285-5 illustrate, at time t3, the positive control signal 231 and the negative control signal 228 being deactivated (e.g., signal 231 goes high and signal 228 goes low) to activate the sense amp 206. At time t4, the respective signal (e.g., 213 or 211) that was activated at time t2 is deactivated. Embodiments are not limited to this example. For instance, in a number of embodiments, the sense amp 206 may be activated subsequent to time t4, (e.g., after signal 213 or signals 211 are deactivated).
As shown in FIGS. 2D-1 and 2D-2, at time t5, RowR (204-R) is activated, which drives the capacitor 203 of the selected cell to the voltage corresponding to the logic value stored in the accumulator. At time t6, Row R is deactivated, at time t7, the sense amp 206 is deactivated (e.g., signals 228 and 231 are deactivated) and at time t8 equilibration occurs (e.g., signal 226 is activated and the voltages on the complementary sense lines 205-1/205-2 are brought to the equilibration voltage).
In a number of embodiments, sensing circuitry such as that described in FIG. 2A (e.g., circuitry formed on pitch with the memory cells) can enable performance of numerous logical operations in parallel. For instance, in an array having 16K columns, 16K logical operations can be performed in parallel, without transferring data from the array and sensing circuitry via a bus and/or without transferring data from the array and sensing circuitry via I/O lines.
Also, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the ability to perform R-input logical operations (e.g., NAND, AND, NOR, OR, etc.) can enable performance of more complex computing functions such as addition, subtraction, and multiplication, among other primary math functions and/or pattern compare functions. For example, a series of NAND operations can be combined to perform a full adder function. As an example, if a full adder requires 12 NAND gates to add two data values along with a carry in and carry out, a total of 384 NAND operations (12×32) could be performed to add two 32 bit numbers. Embodiments of the present disclosure can also be used to perform logical operations that may be non-boolean (e.g., copy, compare, etc.).
Additionally, in a number of embodiments, the inputs to a logical operation performed may not be data values stored in the memory array to which the sensing circuitry (e.g., 150) is coupled. For instance, a number of inputs to a logical operation can be sensed by a sense amplifier (e.g., 206) without activating a row of the array (e.g., 230). As an example, the number of inputs can be received by the sense amp 206 via I/O lines coupled thereto (e.g., I/O lines 334-1 and 334-2 shown in FIG. 3). Such inputs may be provided to the sense amp 206 (e.g., via the appropriate I/O lines) from a source external to the array 230 such as from a host processor (e.g., host 110) and/or external controller, for instance. As another example, in association with performing a logical operation, the inputs to a particular sense amp (e.g., 206) and its corresponding compute component (e.g., 231) may be received from a different sense amp/compute component pair. For instance, a data value (e.g., logical result) stored in a first accumulator coupled to a first column of cells may be transferred to a different (e.g., neighboring) sense amp/compute component pair associated with a different column of cells, which may or may not be located in the same array as the first column.
Embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the particular sensing circuitry configuration illustrated in FIG. 2A. For instance, different compute component circuitry can be used to perform logical operations in accordance with a number of embodiments described herein. Although not illustrated in FIG. 2A, in a number of embodiments, control circuitry can be coupled to array 230, sense amp 206, and/or compute component 231. Such control circuitry may be implemented on a same chip as the array and sensing circuitry and/or on an external processing resource such as an external processor, for instance, and can control enabling/disabling various signals corresponding to the array and sensing circuitry in order to perform logical operations as described herein.
The example logic operation phases described in association with FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C-1, 2C-2, 2D-1, and 2D-2 involve accumulating a data value (e.g., a data value sensed from a memory cell and/or a data value corresponding to a voltage or current of a sense line). Due to conservation of energy, the energy consumed in performing the logic operation phase is approximately equal to the energy consumed during charging of the capacitance of the sense line D or D_ from VDD/2to VDD, which begins when the sense amp is activated (e.g., at time t3 as shown in FIGS. 2B,2C-1,2C-2, 2D-1, and 2D-2). As such, performing a logical operation consumes approximately the energy used to charge a sense line (e.g., digit line) from VDD/2to VDD. In contrast, various previous processing approaches often consume at least an amount of energy used to charge a sense line from rail to rail (e.g., from ground to VDD), which may be twice as much energy or more as compared to embodiments described herein.
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a portion of sensing circuitry in accordance with a number of embodiments of the present disclosure. In this example, the portion of sensing circuitry comprises a sense amplifier 306. In a number of embodiments, one sense amplifier 306 (e.g., “sense amp”) is provided for each column of memory cells in an array (e.g., array 130). The sense amp 306 can be sense amp of a DRAM array, for instance. In this example, sense amp 306 is coupled to a pair of complementary sense lines 305-1 (“D”) and 305-2 (“D_”). As such, the sense amp 306 is coupled to all of the memory cells in a respective column through sense lines D and D_.
The sense amplifier 306 includes a pair of cross coupled n-channel transistors (e.g., NMOS transistors) 327-1 and 327-2 having their respective sources coupled to a negative control signal 328 (RNL_) and their drains coupled to sense lines D and D_, respectively. The sense amplifier 306 also includes a pair of cross coupled p-channel transistors (e.g., PMOS transistors) 329-1 and 329-2 having their respective sources coupled to a positive control signal 331 (PSA) and their drains coupled to sense lines D and D_, respectively.
The sense amp 306 includes a pair of isolation transistors 321-1 and 321-2 coupled to sense lines D and D_, respectively. The isolation transistors 321-1 and 321-2 are coupled to a control signal 322 (ISO) that, when activated, enables (e.g., turns on) the transistors 321-1 and 321-2 to connect the sense amp 306 to a column of memory cells. Although not illustrated in FIG. 3, the sense amp 306 may be coupled to a first and a second memory array and can include another pair of isolation transistors coupled to a complementary control signal (e.g., ISO_), which is deactivated when ISO is deactivated such that the sense amp 306 is isolated from a first array when sense amp 306 is coupled to a second array, and vice versa.
The sense amp 306 also includes circuitry configured to equilibrate the sense lines D and D_. In this example, the equilibration circuitry comprises a transistor 324 having a first source/drain region coupled to an equilibration voltage 325 (dvc2), which can be equal to VDD/2, where VDD is a supply voltage associated with the array. A second source/drain region of transistor 324 is coupled to a common first source/drain region of a pair of transistors 323-1 and 323-2. The second source drain regions of transistors 323-1 and 323-2 are coupled to sense lines D and D_, respectively. The gates of transistors 324, 323-1, and 323-2 are coupled to control signal 326 (EQ). As such, activating EQ enables the transistors 324, 323-1, and 323-2, which effectively shorts sense line D to sense line D_such that the sense lines D and D_are equilibrated to equilibration voltage dvc2.
The sense amp 306 also includes transistors 332-1 and 332-2 whose gates are coupled to a signal 333 (COLDEC). Signal 333 may be referred to as a column decode signal or a column select signal. The sense lines D and D_ are connected to respective local I/O lines 334-1 (IO) and 334-2 (IO_) responsive to enabling signal 333 (e.g., to perform an operation such as a sense line access in association with a read operation). As such, signal 333 can be activated to transfer a signal corresponding to the state (e.g., a logic data value such as logic 0 or logic 1) of the memory cell being accessed out of the array on the I/O lines 334-1 and 334-2.
In operation, when a memory cell is being sensed (e.g., read), the voltage on one of the sense lines D, D_ will be slightly greater than the voltage on the other one of sense lines D, D_. The PSA signal is then driven high and the RNL_signal is driven low to activate the sense amplifier 306. The sense line D, D having the lower voltage will turn on one of the PMOS transistor 329-1, 329-2 to a greater extent than the other of PMOS transistor 329-1, 329-2, thereby driving high the sense line D, D_ having the higher voltage to a greater extent than the other sense line D, D_ is driven high. Similarly, the sense line D, D_ having the higher voltage will turn on one of the NMOS transistor 327-1, 327-2 to a greater extent than the other of the NMOS transistor 327-1, 327-2, thereby driving low the sense line D, D_ having the lower voltage to a greater extent than the other sense line D, D_ is driven low. As a result, after a short delay, the sense line D, D_ having the slightly greater voltage is driven to the voltage of the PSA signal (which can be the supply voltage VDD), and the other sense line D, D_ is driven to the voltage of the RNL_ signal (which can be a reference potential such as a ground potential). Therefore, the cross coupled NMOS transistors 327-1, 327-2 and PMOS transistors 329-1, 329-2 serve as a sense amp pair, which amplify the differential voltage on the sense lines D and D_ and serve to latch a data value sensed from the selected memory cell. As used herein, the cross coupled latch of sense amp 306 may be referred to as a primary latch. In contrast, and as described above in connection with FIG. 2A, a cross coupled latch associated with a compute component (e.g., compute component 231 shown in FIG. 2A) may be referred to as a secondary latch.
wherein subsequent to the number of intermediate operation phases, an accumulated result of the logical OR operation resides in the second latch.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first latch is a latch of a sense amplifier and the second latch is a latch of a compute component.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the sensing circuitry is further controlled to obtain a NOR logical operation result by inverting, via an invert signal provided to the compute component, the accumulated result of the logical OR operation residing in the second latch.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the sensing circuitry is further controlled to transfer the NOR logical operation result from the second latch to the first latch.
5. The system of claim 3, wherein the sensing circuitry is controlled to transfer the NOR logical operation result from the second latch to the first latch via enabling of the first latch while the invert signal is provided to the compute component.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the host comprises a processor external to the memory device.
wherein a determined result of the logical AND operation is stored in the latch of the compute component.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the number of additional data values are determined via respective sense operations via the sense amplifier.
a pair of invert transistors.
the sensing circuitry to obtain a NAND logical operation result by inverting, via an invert signal provided to the compute component, the determined result of the logical AND operation stored in the latch of the compute component.
wherein subsequent to activating the first latch while the second access line is activated, the second latch stores an accumulated result of the logical OR operation.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the method includes maintaining the second latch in an activated state while the first latch is activated during activation of the second access line.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the method includes transferring the accumulated result of the logical OR operation to at least one of: a memory cell of an array comprising the first access line and the second access line; and the first latch.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the method further includes obtaining a NOR logical operation result by inverting, via an invert signal provided to a compute component comprising the second latch, the accumulated result of the logical OR operation residing in the second latch.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein the host is an external host comprising a processor, and wherein the method includes receiving the instructions at the memory device from the processor.
wherein subsequent to activating the first latch while the second access line is activated, the second latch stores an accumulated result of the logical AND operation.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the method includes obtaining a NAND logical operation result by inverting, via an invert signal provided to a compute component comprising the second latch, the accumulated result of the logical AND operation stored in the second latch subsequent to the second operation phase.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the memory device comprises a controller, and wherein receiving instructions at the memory device comprises receiving instructions to the controller via a host interface.
copying the accumulated result of the logical AND operation stored in the second latch to a particular memory cell of the array by activating the particular row.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein the method includes providing the accumulated result of the logical AND operation to the host.
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matches:
Application No. 10
Application No. 10
Application No. 2016
Application No. 201480011890
Application No. 2015
Application No. 201480050838
Application No. 103107275
Application No. 14760332
Application No. 14834674