text:
BORTOLOTTO, GUILHERME A.; DANILEWICZ, DANIEL ; ANDRIOLO, ARTUR ; ZERBINI, ALEXANDRE N. . Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae (Cetartiodactyla: Balaenopteridae) group sizes in line transect ship surveys: An evaluation of observer errors. Zoologia (Curitiba. Online), v. 33, p. e20150133, 2016.
DAROCHA, WESLEY D.; NEVES, FREDERICO S. ; DÁTTILO, WESLEY ; DELABIE, JACQUES H.C. . Epiphytic bromeliads as key components for maintenance of ant diversity and ant-bromeliad interactions in agroforestry system canopies. Forest Ecology and Management, v. 372, p. 128-136, 2016.
IZIDORO, F B ; LE PENDU, Y . Rostrum Contact Behaviors by the Guiana Dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) in Ilhéus, Brazil. Aquatic Mammals, v. 42, p. 203-209, 2016.
MENDES, C. V. M.; RUAS, D. S. ; CASTRO, I. ; SOLÉ, M. ; BAUMGARTEN, J. . Defensive behaviours in the Bahia forest frog Macrogenioglottus alipioi Carvalho, 1946 (Anura: Odontophrynidae).. Herpetology Notes, v. 9, p. 91-94, 2016.
NOVAIS, S. M. A. ; MACEDO-REIS, L. E. ; DAROCHA, W. D. ; NEVES, F. S. . Effects of habitat management on different feeding guilds of herbivorous insects in cacao agroforestry systems. Revista de Biologia Tropical, v. 64, p. 763-777, 2016.
RODRIGUES, DANIELA F.S. ; NAVIA, DENISE ; OLIVEIRA, ANIBAL R. ; FERRAGUT, FRANCISCO. Eriomacrotergum flechtmanni n. gen. n. sp. (Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae), a new eriophyoid mite from the cupuaçu tree, Theobroma grandiflorum, from northern Brazil. Zootaxa (Auckland. Print), v. 4072, p. 465-476, 2016.
SANTOS, E. A. ; COSTA, S.S. ; MARIANO, R. . A New Species of the Genus Hermanella (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Northeast Brazil. Zootaxa (Online), v. 4078, p. 121-126, 2016.
SCHERNER, FERNANDO ; PEREIRA, CRISTIANO MACEDO ; DUARTE, GUSTAVO ; HORTA, PAULO ANTUNES ; E CASTRO, CLOVIS BARREIRA ; BARUFI, JOSÉ BONOMI ; PEREIRA, SONIA MARIA BARRETO . Effects of Ocean Acidification and Temperature Increases on the Photosynthesis of Tropical Reef Calcified Macroalgae. Plos One, v. 11, p. e0154844, 2016.
SICILIANO, S. ; BARBOSA -FILHO, M. L. V. . Has the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) gone extinct from southern Bahia, Brazil?. Strenews Newsletters Of The Iucn Ssc Sirenia Specialist Group, v. 1, p. 6-8, 2016.
SICILIANO, S. ; BARBOSA-FILHO, M. L.V. ; OLIVEIRA, L. R. . Human consumption of a vagrant South American Fur Seal Arctocephalus australis (Carnivora: Otariidae) in Brazil. Journal of Threatened Taxa, v. 8, p. 8728-8731, 2016.
ALMEIDA, A. O.; COSTA-SOUZA, A. C. ; SOLEDADE, G.O. ; SANTOS, P.S. . Conquering new territories in the ?new world?: the alien shrimp Athanas dimorphus Ortmann, 1894 (Decapoda: Alpheidae) on the coast of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Nauplius, v. 23, p. 120-124, 2015.
ALMEIDA, A. O.; SANTOS, P.S. ; SOLEDADE, G.O. ; SANTOS, J.P. ; PÉREZ, C.D. . New invertebrate host records (Porifera and Cnidaria) for some caridean shrimps in estuaries of northeastern Brazil. Marine Biodiversity Records, v. 8, p. 1-6, 2015.
ANDRIOLO, ARTUR ; REIS, SARAH S. ; AMORIM, THIAGO O. S. ; SUCUNZA, FEDERICO ; DE CASTRO, FRANCIELE R. ; MAIA, YGOR GEYER ; ZERBINI, ALEXANDRE N. ; BORTOLOTTO, GUILHERME A. ; DALLA ROSA, LUCIANO . Killer whale (Orcinus orca) whistles from the western South Atlantic Ocean include high frequency signals. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , v. 138, p. 1696-1701, 2015.
AZEVEDO, C. T. ; IWASAKI, J. L. ; AZEVEDO, R. M. ; SANTOS NETO, E. B. ; TAMY, W. P. ; BRITO, J. L. ; BARBOSA, L. A. ; SILVEIRA, L. S. . Thoracic limb bone development in Sotalia guianensis (Van Beneden 1864) along the coastline of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Journal of Mammalogy (Print), v. 96, n.3, p. 541-551, 2015.
BASSET, YVES CIZEK, L. CUENOUD, P. DIDHAM, R. K. NOVOTNY, V. ODEGAARD, F. ROSLIN, T. TISHECHKIN, A. K. SCHMIDL, J. WINCHESTER, N. N. ROUBIK, D. W. ABERLENC, HENRI-PIERRE BAIL, J. BARRIOS, H. BRIDLE, J. R. CASTANO-MENESES, G. CORBARA, BRUNO CURLETTI, G. DAROCHA, W. D. DEBAKER, D. DELABIE, J. H. C. DEJEAN, A. FAGAN, L. L. FLOREN, A. KITCHING, R. , et al. Arthropod Distribution in a Tropical Rainforest: Tackling a Four Dimensional Puzzle.Plos One, v. 10, p. e0144110, 2015.
CUNHA, A. M. ; SOLEDADE, G.O. ; BOOS, H. ; ALMEIDA, A. O. . Snapping shrimps of the genus Alpheus Fabricius, 1798 (Caridea: Alpheidae) from Brazil: range extensions and filling distribution gaps.Nauplius, v. 23, p. 47-52, 2015.
DUARTE, GUSTAVO ; CALDERON, EMILIANO N. ; PEREIRA, CRISTIANO M. ; MARANGONI, LAURA F. B. ; SANTOS, HENRIQUE F. ; PEIXOTO, RAQUEL S. ; BIANCHINI, ADALTO ; CASTRO, CLOVIS B. A novel marine mesocosm facility to study global warming, water quality, and ocean acidification. Ecology and Evolution , v. 5, p. 4555-4566, 2015.
GUIMARÃES, F.P.B.B. ; MARQUES, R. ; TINÔCO, M.S. . Leptodactylus vastus (Northeastern Pepper Frog). Cannibalism. Herpetological Review, v. 46, n.1, p. 74-75, 2015.
LUIZ, E. R. ; SANTOS, S. S. ; FLORES, F. M. ; ZORZIN, G. ; FERREIRA, H. M. ; CAMURUGI, E. ; CARVALHO, H. D. S. ; RIBON, R. . Geographic distribution, population size, conservation status and type locality of Slender Antbird Rhopornis ardesiacus. Cotinga (Sandy), v. 37, p. 101-106, 2015.
MENESES, R. G. CASTANO. ; MARIANO, CLÉA DOS SANTOS FERREIRA; ROCHA, P. ; MELO, T.S TAVARES, B. ; ALMEIDA, E. ; SANTOS, L. S. ; PEREIRA, THALLES PLATINY LAVINSCKY; DELABIE, Jacques Hubert Charles . The ant community and their accompanying arthropods in cacao dry pods: an unexplored diverse habitat. Dugesiana, v. 22, p. 29-35, 2015.
NOGUEIRA, S. S. C.; FERNANDES, I. K. ; COSTA, T.S.O. ; NOGUEIRA FILHO, S. L. G. ; MENDL, M. . Does trapping influence decision-making under ambiguity in white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari)?. Plos One, v. 10, p. e0127868, 2015.
OLIVEIRA, M. V. ; COSTA-SOUZA, A. C. ; GUIMARÃES, F.J. ; ALMEIDA, A. O. ; BAEZA, J. A. .Observations on the life history of a rare shrimp, Salmoneus carvachoi (Crustacea: Caridea: Alpheidae), a possible simultaneous hermaphrodite, inhabiting the tropical western Atlantic. Marine Biodiversity Records, v. 8, p. E141-1-8, 2015.
OLIVEIRA, M. V. ; SANTOS, P. S. ; ALMEIDA, A. O. First record of the sponge-dwelling shrimp Synalpheus dardeaui (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) in the south-western Atlantic. Marine Biodiversity Records, v. 8, e51, 2015.
OLIVEIRA, MURIEL LIMA ; MARIANO , CLÉA SANTOS FERREIRA ; COSTA , MARCO ANTONIO ; DELABIE , JACQUES HUBERT CHARLES ; LACAU, SÉBASTIEN. . Pheidole protaxi sp. em. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), new species from tabuleiro forests of the Atlantic Forest biome. Sociobiology, v. 62, p. 533-537, 2015.
PASCHOAL, L. R. P.; ANDRADE, D. P. ; DARRIGRAN, G. How the fluctuations of water levels affect populations of invasive bivalve Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) in a Neotropical reservoir?. Brazilian Journal of Biology (Impresso), v. 75, n.1, p. 135-143, 2015.
PEREIRA, C M; SCHIAVETTI, A. . Você sabia que os corais crescem menos de um centímetro por ano?. Revista Ciência Hoje das Crianças, v. 265, p. 19 – 19, 2015.
REBOUÇAS, RAONI ; SOLÉ, MIRCO . Diet of Adenomera thomei (Almeida and Angulo, 2006) (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from a rubber tree plantation in southern Bahia, Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment , v. 50, p. 1-7, 2015.
ROCHA, W. D. ; RIBEIRO, S. P. ; NEVES, F. ; FERNANDES, G. W. ; LEPONCE, M.; DELABIE, JACQUES HUBERT CHARLES . How does bromeliad distribution structure the arboreal ant assemblage (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on a single tree in a Brazilian Atlantic forest agroecosystemSQ. Myrmecological News , v. 21, p. 83-92, 2015.
SANTOS, E. A. ; MARIANO, R. . New species and first records of Macunahyphes Dias, Salles and Molineri, 2005 (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) from Bahia state, Brazil. Zootaxa (Online), v. 4000, p. 497-500, 2015.
SILVA JUNIOR, M. R. ; CASTELLANI, M.A. ; MOREIRA, A. A. ; D’ESQUIVEL, M. S. ; RIBEIRO, E. B. ; FORTI, L. C. ; LACAU, S. . Natural Parasitism in Acromyrmex landolt Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Pastures of Bahia, Brazil. Sociobiology , v. 62, p. 607-609, 2015.
SOLEDADE, G.O. ; FONSECA, M. S. ; ALMEIDA, A. O. . Shallow-water stenopodidean and caridean shrimps from Abrolhos Archipelago, Brazil: new records and updated checklist. Zootaxa (Auckland. Print), v. 3905, p. 52-68, 2015.
SOUZA, A. L.; SCHIAVETTI, ALEXANDRE; ALVAREZ, M. R. . Analysis of marine turtle strandings (Reptilia: Testudine) occurring on coast of bahia state, Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research , v. 43, p. 675-683, 2015.
TRAVASSOS, M.L.O.; MARQUES, R.; DELABIE, JACQUES HUBERT CHARLES; TINOCO, M. S.. Lizard preference and resource use in eminat on the North coast of Bahia. Salamandra (Frankfurt), v. 51, p. 171-181, 2015.
BARBOSA-FILHO, M. L. V.; SCHIAVETTI, ALEXANDRE ; ALARCON, DANIELA TRIGUEIRINHO ; NETO, ERALDO MEDEIROS COSTA. ‘Shark is the man!’: ethnoknow ledge of Brazil’s South Bahia fishermen regarding shark behaviors. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, v. 10, p. 54, 2014.
BORTOLOTTO, G. A.; REIS, M. S. S. . Flipper lack in Chelonia mydas (Cheloniidae). Herpetology Notes, v. 7, p. 333-334, 2014.
CHAVES, T. P.; COUTO, ERMINDA DA CONCEIÇÃO GUERREIRO. Hatching of the eggs of Eulimnadia colombiensis (Branchiopoda) at different temperatures and regime of light. Nauplius, v. 22, p. 145-149, 2014.
DANTAS, B.C.; MARQUES, R., BROW NE-RIBEIRO, H. C.; TINÔCO, M.S.. Activity, habitat use and new records of Snouted Treefrog (Scinax agilis Cruz and Peixoto, 1983) for the North Coast of Bahia, Brazil.Herpetological Bulletin, v. 129, p. 19-23, 2014.
DE-CARLI, B. P.; ROTUNDO, M. M. ; PASCHOAL, L. R. P.;ANDRADE, D. P., CAVALLARI, D. C.; OCEGUERA-FIGUEROA, A. ; ALONSO, D. D. . First record of the association betw een the leech Helobdella triserialis (Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae) and tw o species of Pomacea (Gastropoda, Ampullariidae) in Brazil. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, v. 9, p. 136-140, 2014.
DIAS, IURI RIBEIRO ; MEDEIROS, T. T. ; NOVA, M. V. ; SOLE, M. . Amphibians of Serra Bonita, southern Bahia: a new hotpoint w ithin Brazil’s Atlantic Forest hotspot. ZooKeys (Online), v. 449, p. 105-130, 2014.
DIAS, IURI RIBEIRO ; MENDES, CAIO VINICIUS DE MIRA ; SOLÉ, M. . Rapid inventory of herpetofauna at the APA (Environmental Protection Area) of the Lagoa Encantada and Rio Almada, Southern Bahia, Brazil. Herpetology Notes, v. 7, p. 627-637, 2014.
FAZOLATO, C.P. ; MARQUES, R. ; TINÔCO, M.S. . Enyalius catenatus (Wied’s Fathead Anole). Distribution. Herpetological Review , v. 45, p. 659-659, 2014.
FERREIRA, HARILDON M; REUSS-STRENZEL, GIL M ; ALVES, JOHNATAS A ; SCHIAVETTI, ALEXANDRE . Local ecological knowledge of the artisanal fishers on Epinephelus itajara (Lichtesntein, 1822) (Teleostei: epinephelidae) in Ilheus coast – Bahia State, Brazil. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, v. 10, p. 51, 2014.
FONSECA, E. ; MARQUES, R. ; TINÔCO, M.S. . Anolis carolinensis (Green Anole). Distribution..Herpetological Review , v. 45, p. 658-658, 2014.
FONSECA, E. ; MARQUES, R. ; TINÔCO, M.S. . New records of Pantherophis guttatus (Squamata: Colubridae) in the state of Bahia, an alien species to Brazil. Salamandra (Frankfurt), v. 50, p. 241-244, 2014.
FREITAS, J. M. S. ; SANTOS, M. C. P. ; PEREZ-MALUF, R. . PERSPECTIVA DE ALUNOS DO ENSINO MÉDIO DE ESCOLAS ESTADUAIS DA CIDADE DE VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA BAHIA, BRASIL À RESPEITO DOS ANIMAIS SINANTRÓPICOS. REB: Revista Eletrônica de Biologia, v. 7, p. 252-269, 2014.
FREITAS, J. M. S. DELABIE, J. H. C. ; LACAU, S. . Composition and Diversity of Ant Species into Leaf Litter of Tw o Fragments of a Semi-Deciduous Seasonal Forest in the Atlantic Forest Biome in Barra do Choça, Bahia, Brazil. Sociobiology, v. 61, p. 9-20, 2014.
FREITAS, MARCO ANTONIO DE ; DIAS, IURI RIBEIRO ; FARIAS, TAYSE ; OLIVEIRA E SOUSA, SAMANTHA ; VIEIRA, RUHAN SALDANHA ; MOURA, GERALDO J. BARBOSA DE ; UHLIG, VIVIAN . First record of Ctenophryne geayi Mocquard, 1904 (Amphibia: Anura) for the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Check List (São Paulo. Online), v. 10, p. 585-587, 2014.
FREITAS, MARCO ANTONIO DE ; FARIAS, TAYSE ; OLIVEIRA E SOUSA, SAMANTHA ; VIEIRA, RUHAN SALDANHA ; MOURA, GERALDO JORGE BARBOSA DE ; DIAS, IURI RIBEIRO . First record of Lithodytes lineatus (Schneider, 1799) (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in northeastern Brazil. Check List (São Paulo. Online), v. 10, p. 615-617, 2014.
GALLY, M. C. ; ZINA, JULIANA ; MENDES, CAIO VINICIUS DE MIRA ; SOLÉ, M. . Legs-interw eaving: An unusual defense behaviour of anurans displayed by Agalychnis aspera (Peters, 1983). Herpetology Notes, v. 7, p. 623-625, 2014.
LIMA, A. M. ; LE PENDU, YVONNICK . Evidence for signature w histles in Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in Ilhéus, northeastern Brazil. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, v. 136, p. 3178-3185, 2014.
MAGALHÃES, H. F. ; COSTA NETO, E. M. ; SCHIAVETTI, A. . Cosmovisão e etnoconservação nos manguezais do município de Conde, Litoral Norte do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Etnobiología, v. 12, p. 23-29, 2014.
MARQUES, R. ; FONSECA, E. ; TINÔCO, M.S. . Thamnodynastes pallidus (Amazon Coastal House Snake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review , v. 45, p. 714-714, 2014.
MENEZES, R. S. T. ; CARVALHO, A. F. ; CORREIA, J. P. S. O. ; SILVA, T. S. ; Somavilla, A. ; COSTA, M. A. . Evolutionary trends in the chromosome numbers of sw arm-founding social w asps. Insectes Sociaux (Printed ed.), v. 1, p. 1-9, 2014.
OLIVEIRA, RENAN MANOEL ; RUAS, DANILO SILVA ; MENDES, CAIO VINICIUS DE MIRA ; SOLÉ, M. . Advertisement call of Rhinella crucifer (Wied-Neuw ied, 1821) (Anura: Bufonidae) from southern Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa (Auckland. Print), v. 3784, p. 097-098, 2014.
RODRIGUES, NAYARA NASCIMENTO ; MARTINEZ, ROMARI ALEJANDRA . Wildlife in our backyard: interactions betw een Wied’s marmoset (Primates: Callithrichidae) and residents of Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. Wildlife Biology (Papirform), v. 20, p. 91-96, 2014.
SANTOS, E.B. ; TOKUMARU, R.S. ; NOGUEIRA FILHO, SLG ; NOGUEIRA, SSC . The effects of unrelated offspring w histle calls on capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). Brazilian Journal of Biology (Impresso), v. 74, p. S171-S176, 2014.
SANTOS, E.B. ; TOKUMARU, R.S. ; NOGUEIRA FILHO, SLG ; NOGUEIRA, SSC . The effects of unrelated offspring whistle calls on capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). Brazilian Journal of Biology (Impresso), v. 74, p. S171-S176, 2014.
SOLEDADE, G. O. ; SANTOS, PATRICIA S. ; ALMEIDA, ALEXANDRE O. . Potamalpheops tyrymembe sp. n.: the first southw estern Atlantic species of the shrimp genus Potamalpheops Pow ell, 1979 (Caridea: Alpheidae). Zootaxa (Auckland. Print), v. 3760, p. 579-586, 2014.
SOUZA, A. C. C. ; ROCHA, S. S. ; BEZERRA, L. E. A. ; ALMEIDA, A. O. . Breeding and heterosexual pairing in the snapping shrimp Alpheus estuariensis (Caridea: Alpheidae) in a tropical bay in northeastern Brazil. Journal of Crustacean Biology, v. 34, p. 593-603, 2014.
TOCCHIO, L. J. ; GURGEL GONCALVES, R ; ESCOBAR, L. E. ; PETERSON, A. T. . Niche similarities among white-eared opossums (Mammalia, Didelphidae): Is ecological niche modelling relevant to setting species limits?. Zoologica Scripta, V. 44, N. 1. P.1-10, 2014.
VELASCO, Y. A. M. ; DELABIE, JHC ; COSTA, M. A. ; LACAU, SEBASTIEN ; MARIANO, C. S. F. .STUDIES ON THE KARYOTYPE OF THE ANT PACHYCONDYLA HARPAX(FORMICIDAE: PONERINAE: PONERINI)IN SOUTHERN BAHIA, BRAZIL. The Florida Entomologist, v. 97, p. 1049-1055, 2014.
ALMEIDA, A. O. ; SOUZA, A. C. C. ; CUNHA, A. M. S. ; SANTOS, P. S. ; SILVA, M. V. O. ;SOLEDADE, G. O. . Estuarine caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil: Updated checklist and a key for their identification. Check List (São Paulo. Online), v. 9, p. 1396-1405, 2013.
BRANDÃO, R. P. ; BOEHS, G ; SILVA, P. M. . Health assessment of the oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae on the southern coast of Bahia State, northeastern Brazi. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária (Impresso), v. 22, p. 84-91, 2013.
BRANDÃO, R. P. ; BOEHS, GUISLA ; SABRY, RACHEL COSTA ; CEUTA, LILIANE OLIVEIRA ; LUZ, MARIANE DOS SANTOS AGUIAR ; QUEIROGA, FERNANDO RAMOS ; DA SILVA, PATRÍCIA MIRELLA . Perkinsus sp. infecting oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828) on the coast of Bahia, Brazil. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology (Print), v. 112, p. 138-141, 2013.
CAMPOS, FELIPE SIQUEIRA ; LAGE, ALEXANDRE RAMOS BASTOS ; RIBEIRO, PAULO HENRIQUE PINHEIRO . Diversity of medium and large sized mammals in a Cerrado fragment of central Brazil. Journal of Threatened Taxa, v. 5, p. 4994-5001, 2013.
CARAMASCHI, ULISSES ; ORRICO, VICTOR G. D. ; FAIVOVICH, JULIÁN ; DIAS, IURI RIBEIRO ; SOLÉ, MIRCO . A New Species of Allophryne (Anura: Allophrynidae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest Biome of Eastern Brazil. Herpetologica (Austin, TX), v. 69, p. 480-491, 2013.
CASSINI, CARLA S. ; ORRICO, VICTOR G. D. ; DIAS, IURI RIBEIRO ; SOLÉ, MIRCO ; HADDAD, CÉLIO F. B. . Phenotypic variation of Leptodactylus cupreus Caramaschi, São-Pedro and Feio, 2008 (Anura, Leptodactylidae). Zootaxa (Auckland. Print), v. 3616, p. 073-084, 2013.
COSTA, S.S. ; MARIANO, R. . Description of a new species of Miroculis Edmunds, 1963 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa (Online), v. 3599, p. 495-498, 2013.
DOCIO, L. ; COSTA NETO, E. M. ; PINHEIRO, U. ; SCHIAVETTI, A. . Foolk classification of sea sponges (Animalia, Porifera) by artisanal fishermen of a traditional fishing community at Camamu Bay, Bahia, Brazil..Interciencia (Caracas) , v. 38, p. 60-66, 2013.
FERREIRA, A.S. ; NASCIMENTO, R. A. ; MARTÍNEZ, R.A. . Management strategies and animalwelfare of captive capuchin monkeys genus Cebus Erxleben 1717. World Applied Sciences Journal (Print), v. 21, p. 42-47, 2013.
FORLANI, MAURICIO C. ; MENDES, CAIO VINICIUS DE MIRA ; DIAS, IURI RIBEIRO ; RUAS, DANILO SILVA ; TONINI, JOÃO FILIPE RIVA ; SÁ, RAFAEL O. DE . The Advertisement Calls and Distribution of Two Sympatric Species of Chiasmocleis (Méhely 1904) (Anura, Microhylidae, Gastrophryninae) from the Atlantic Forest. South American Journal of Herpetology, v. 8, p. 46-51, 2013.
LISBOA, J. T. ; COUTO, E.C.G ; SANTOS, P. P ; DELABIE, J.H.C ; ARAUJO, P. B. . Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) in termite nests (Blattodea: Termitidae) in a cocoa plantation in Brazil. Biota Neotropica (Edição em Português. Online), v. 13, p. 393-397, 2013.
LISBOA, JONATHAS TEIXEIRA ; ARAUJO, PAULA BEATRIZ . Review of Atlantoscia Ferrara & Taiti, 1981 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea: Philosciidae) with new records and new species. Organisms Diversity & Evolution (Print), v. 1, p. 1-23, 2013.
MARQUES, R. ; TINÔCO, M.S. ; RÖDDER, D. ; BROWNE-RIBEIRO, H. C. . Distribution extension of Thamnodynastes pallidus and new records within the distribution of Erythrolamprus reginae, Imantodes cenchoa and Siphlophis compressus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) for the north coast of Bahia, Brazil. Herpetology Notes, v. 6, p. 529-532, 2013.
MENDES, C. V. M. ; CAMARGO, P. T. M. ; FISCHER, H. Z. ; SERAPICOS, E. O. ; TONOLLI, F. A. S. ; CASTANHO, L. M. ; CINTRA, L. A. C. . HERPETOFAUNA DO PARQUE MUNICIPAL GOVERNADOR MÁRIO COVAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE SOROCABA, SÃO PAULO, SUDESTE DO BRASIL. Revista do Instituto Florestal, v. 25, p. 91-105, 2013.
MENDES, CAIO VINICIUS DE MIRA ; MARCIANO JUNIOR, EUVALDO; RUAS, DANILO SILVA ;DE OLIVEIRA, RENAN MANOEL ; SOLÉ, MIRCO . Advertisement call of Scinax strigilatus(Spix, 1824) (Anura: Hylidae) from southern Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa (Auckland. Print), v. 3647, p. 499-500, 2013.
MENDES, CAIO VINICIUS DE MIRA ; OLIVEIRA, R. M. ; RUAS, DANILO SILVA ; DIAS, IURI RIBEIRO ; ARGÔLO, A. J . Xenopholis scalaris (Wucherer s Ground Snake). Defensive Behavior. Herpetological Review, v. 44, p. 669, 2013.
MENDONCA, C. E. D. ; BARROS, S. L. B. ; D’ALENCAR-MENDONÇA, M. A. ; GUIMARÃES, V. A. A. ; PINHEIRO, R. R. . Ocorrência de anticorpos contra o vírus Maedi-Visna em ovinos Santa Inês, no Estado de Sergipe, Brasil. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico (Impresso), v. 80, p. 346-351, 2013.
NASCIMENTO, RAFAELA ALMEIDA ; SCHIAVETTI, ALEXANDRE ; MARTINEZ MONTAÑO, ROMARI ALEJANDRA . Avaliação do comércio ilegal de macacos-prego na Bahia, Brasil. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, v. 8, p. 79-87, 2013.
NEVES, F. S. ; QUEIROS-DANTAS, K.S. ; DAROCHA, W. D. ; DELABIE, J.H.C. . Ants of Three Adjacent Habitats of a Transition Region Between the Cerrado and Caatinga Biomes: The Effects of Heterogeneity and Variation in Canopy Cover. Neotropical Entomology, p. 258-268, 2013.
OLIVEIRA, M. L. ; SANTOS, M C P . Reflexões discentes sobre o estágio curricular supervisionado no curso de licenciatura em ciências biológicas. Revista Metáfora Educacional, v. 14, p. 50-68, 2013.
PASCHOAL, L. R. P. ; SOUZA, R. M. ; GUIMARAES, F. J. ; COUTO, E. C. G. . Phytophilous caridean shrimps (Atyidae and Palaemonidae) in Salsa river (Canavieiras, Bahia, Brazil). Nauplius, v. 21, p. 123-126, 2013.
PASCHOAL, L. R. P. ; ANDRADE, D. P. ; DARRIGRAN, G. . Size comparison of quadrats in sample of non-native bivalve Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae). Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, v. 8, p. 369-374, 2013.
PASCHOAL, L. R. P. ; ANDRADE, D. P. ; CAVALLARI, D. C. . First record of Aylacostoma francana (Ihering, 1909) (Gastropoda, Thiaridae) in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Biotemas, v. 26, p. 277-281, 2013.
PASCHOAL, L. R. P. ; GUIMARAES, F. J. ; COUTO, E. C. G. . Relative growth and sexual maturity of the freshwater shrimp Palaemon pandaliformis (Crustacea, Palaemonidae) in northeastern of Brazil (Canavieiras, Bahia). Iheringia. Série Zoologia (Impresso), v. 103, p. 31-36, 2013.
REBOUÇAS SANTOS, R. ; SANTOS, INDIRA M. C. ; SOLE, M. . Diet of Haddadus binotatus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Craugastoridae) in Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, Bahia state. North-Western Journal of Zoology (Print), v. 9, p. 293-299, 2013.
REIS, P C J ; DA ROCHA, W D ; FALCÃO, L A D ; GUERRA, T J ; NEVES, F S . Ant Fauna on Cecropia pachystachya Trécul (Urticaceae) Trees in an Atlantic Forest Area, Southeastern Brazil. Sociobiology, v. 60, p. 222-228, 2013.
RIBEIRO, P. ; SANCHEZ-LALINDE, C. ; VÉLEZ GARCÍA, F. ; SCHIAVETTI, A. ; ALVAREZ, MARTIN ROBERTO . Novo registro de Cabassous tatouay Desmarest, 1804 para a Mata Atlântica da Bahia, Brasil. Edentata (Belo Horizonte), v. 14, p. 74-77, 2013.
RIBEIRO, P.H.P. ; MELO,F.R. . Mamíferos de médio e grande porte de uma área agricultável em Terezópolis (GO) com notas sobre métodos de amostragem. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, v. 8, p. 68-78, 2013.
RUAS, D. S. ; MENDES, C. V. M. ; DEL-GRANDE, M. L. ; SOLÉ, M. . Aparasphenodon brunoi MIRANDA-RIBEIRO 1920 (ANURA: HYLIDAE): Distribution extension and geographic distribution map for Bahia state, Brazil. Check List (São Paulo. Online), v. 9, p. 858-859, 2013.
SILVA, F. A. T. G. ; TRAVASSOS, M. L. O. ; MARQUES, R. ; Tinôco, M.S. . Itapotihyla langsdorffii (ocellated tree frog): Anuran predation attempt. Herpetological Bulletin, v. 124, p. 29-30, 2013.
SOLEDADE, G. O. ; ALMEIDA, A.O . Snapping shrimps of the genus Alpheus Fabricius, 1798 from Brazil (Caridea: Alpheidae): updated checklist and key for identification. Nauplius, v. 21, p. 89-122, 2013.
SOLEDADE, G. O. ; BAEZA, J. A. ; BOEHS,G. ; SIMOES, S. M. ; SANTOS, P.S. ; COSTA, ROGÉRIO C. ; ALMEIDA, A. O. A precautionary tale when describing species in a world of invaders: morphology, coloration and genetics demonstrate that Lysmata rauli is not a new species endemic to Brazil but a junior synonym of the Indo-Pacific L. vittata. Journal of Crustacean Biology, v. 33, p. 66/10.1163/1937-77, 2013.
VASCONCELOS, L. ; MARQUES, R. ; TINÔCO, M.S. . Tropidurus hygomi (Reinhardt’s Lava Lizard) – Courtship behavior. Herpetological Review, v. 44, p. 514-515, 2013.

matches: v. v. v. V. v. v. v. v. v. V. v. v. v. v. v. v. V. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. V. v. V. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. V. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. V. v. V. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. V. v. v. v. V. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. V. v. v. v. v. v.


text:
SCHATTNER, URI; JOSE LOBO, FRANCISCO; GARCIA, MARGA; KANARI, MOR; RAMOS, RAISSA BASTI; DE MAHIQUES, MICHEL MICHAELOVITCH. A detailed look at diapir piercement onto the ocean floor: New evidence from Santos Basin, offshore Brazil. MARINE GEOLOGY, v. 406, p. 98-108, DEC 1 2018. Citações Web of Science: 0.
DOS SANTOS, ROSANGELA FELICIO; NAGAOKA, DORIS; RAMOS, RAISSA BASTI; SALAROLI, ALEXANDRE BARBOSA; TANIGUCHI, SATIE; LOPES FIGUEIRA, RUBENS CESAR; BICEGO, MARCIA CARUSO; LOBO, FRANCISCO JOSE; SCHATTNER, URI; DE MAHIQUES, MICHEL MICHAELOVITCH. Metal/Ca ratios in pockmarks and adjacent sediments on the SW Atlantic slope: Implications for redox potential and modern seepage. JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION, v. 192, p. 163-173, SEP 2018. Citações Web of Science: 0.
VIEIRA, IVO; JOSE LOBO, FRANCISCO; MONTOYA-MONTES, ISABEL; SIEGLE, EDUARDO; PASSOS, JORGE LUIZ; DE MAHIQUES, MICHEL MICHAELOVITCH. A non-deltaic clinoform wedge fed by multiple sources off So Sebastio Island, southeastern Brazilian Shelf. GEO-MARINE LETTERS, v. 38, n. 1, SI, p. 63-81, FEB 2018. Citações Web of Science: 0.
BERGO, NATASCHA M.; SIGNORI, CAMILA N.; AMADO, ANDRE M.; BRANDINI, FREDERICO P.; PELLIZARI, VIVIAN H. The Partitioning of Carbon Biomass among the Pico- and Nano-plankton Community in the South Brazilian Bight during a Strong Summer Intrusion of South Atlantic Central Water. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE, v. 4, 2017. Citações Web of Science: 2.
DE MAHIQUES, MICHEL MICHAELOVITCH; HANEBUTH, TILL J. J.; MARTINS, CESAR C.; MONTOYA-MONTES, ISABEL; ALCANTARA-CARRIO, JAVIER; FIGUEIRA, RUBENS C. L.; BICEGO, MARCIA C. Mud depocentres on the continental shelf: a neglected sink for anthropogenic contaminants from the coastal zone. ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES, v. 75, n. 1 JAN 2016. Citações Web of Science: 8.
MEINEN, CHRISTOPHER S.; SPEICH, SABRINA; PEREZ, RENELLYS C.; DONG, SHENFU; PIOLA, ALBERTO R.; GARZOLI, SILVIA L.; BARINGER, MOLLY O.; GLADYSHEV, SERGEY; CAMPOS, EDMO J. D. Temporal variability of the meridional overturning circulation at 34.5 degrees S: Results from two pilot boundary arrays in the South Atlantic. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS, v. 118, n. 12, p. 6461-6478, DEC 2013. Citações Web of Science: 26.

matches: v. v. v. v. v. v.


text:
VIII,8 Vote on fiscal bills; quorum. Section 8. On the passage in either house of the legislature of any law which imposes, continues or renews a tax, or creates a debt or charge, or makes, continues or renews an appropriation of public or trust money, or releases, discharges or commutes a claim or demand of the state, the question shall be taken by yeas and nays, which shall be duly entered on the journal; and three-fifths of all the members elected to such house shall in all such cases be required to constitute a quorum therein.
Section 70.11 (8m), Stats. 1967, imposed a tax on property not previously taxed, and since no roll call votes appear on the legislative journals, it was not validly passed. State ex rel. General Motors Corp. v. Oak Creek, 49 Wis. 2d 299, 182 N.W.2d 481.
Past decisions of the court consistently tend to limit the definition of what is a fiscal law and not every bill with a minimal fiscal effect requires a recorded vote. 60 Atty. Gen. 245.
VIII,9 Evidences of public debt. Section 9. No scrip, certificate, or other evidence of state debt, whatsoever, shall be issued, except for such debts as are authorized by the sixth and seventh sections of this article.
The limit on recovery from governmental tort-feasors in ss. 81.15 and 895.43, 1975 stats., is not invalid under this section. Stanhope v. Brown County, 90 Wis. 2d 823, 280 N.W.2d 711 (1979).
VIII,10 Internal improvements. Section 10. [As amended Nov. 1908, Nov. 1924, April 1945, April 1949, April 1960, April 1968, and April 1992] Except as further provided in this section, the state may never contract any debt for works of internal improvement, or be a party in carrying on such works.
VIII,10(1) (1) Whenever grants of land or other property shall have been made to the state, especially dedicated by the grant to particular works of internal improvement, the state may carry on such particular works and shall devote thereto the avails of such grants, and may pledge or appropriate the revenues derived from such works in aid of their completion.
VIII,10(2)(a) (a) The construction or improvement of public highways.
VIII,10(2)(b) (b) The development, improvement and construction of airports or other aeronautical projects.
VIII,10(2)(c) (c) The acquisition, improvement or construction of veterans' housing.
VIII,10(2)(d) (d) The improvement of port facilities.
VIII,10(2)(e) (e) The acquisition, development, improvement or construction of railways and other railroad facilities.
The Housing Authority Act does not make the state a party to carrying on works of public improvement. State ex rel. Warren v. Nusbaum, 59 Wis. 2d 391, 208 N.W.2d 780.
The Solid Waste Recycling Authority Act does not contravene the Art. VIII, sec. 10 prohibition against state participation in internal improvements. Wisconsin Solid Waste Recycling Auth. v. Earl, 70 Wis. 2d 464, 235 N.W.2d 648.
The housing assistance program under 560.04 (3), 1985 stats., violated the ban on state involvement in “internal improvements." Development Dept. v. Building Commission, 139 Wis. 2d 1, 406 N.W.2d 728 (1987).
State participation in a proposed convention center in the City of Milwaukee would not violate either the “public purpose" doctrine or the internal improvements prohibitions of art. VIII, sec. 10, so long as such participation is directed solely to the clearly identifiable portion of the center allocated to use as a state-operated tourist information center or some similar state governmental function. A state tax operable only in 2 or 3 counties would not be a proper means of operational financing of such a center. 58 Atty. Gen. 119.
The secretary of the department of transportation, while acting as agent for airport sponsors, pursuant to s. 114.32, can give the required assurance to the Federal Aviation Administration and provide replacement housing without violating Art. VIII, sec. 10. 60 Atty. Gen. 225.
A vocational, technical and adult education district has authority to purchase buildings for administration purposes or student dormitory housing, and in doing so would not violate the constitutional ban on works of internal improvement. 60 Atty. Gen. 231.
Chapter 108, laws of 1973, creating a small business investment company fund, contemplates the appropriation of public funds for a valid public purpose, not for works of internal improvement, and is constitutional. 62 Atty. Gen. 212.
Subject to certain limitations, the lease of state office building space to commercial enterprise serving both state employees and the general public is constitutional. Such leases do not require bidding. 69 Atty. Gen. 121.
Dredging a navigable waterway to alleviate periodic flooding is not a prohibited “work of internal improvement." 69 Atty. Gen. 176.
The state's issuance of general obligation bonds to fund private construction for pollution abatement purposes does not violate Art. VIII, secs. 3 and 10, or the public purpose doctrine. 74 Atty. Gen. 25.
A new look at internal improvements and public purpose rules. Eich, 1970 WLR 1113.
IX,1 Jurisdiction on rivers and lakes; navigable waters. Section 1. The state shall have concurrent jurisdiction on all rivers and lakes bordering on this state so far as such rivers or lakes shall form a common boundary to the state and any other state or territory now or hereafter to be formed, and bounded by the same; and the river Mississippi and the navigable waters leading into the Mississippi and St. Lawrence, and the carrying places between the same, shall be common highways and forever free, as well to the inhabitants of the state as to the citizens of the United States, without any tax, impost or duty therefor.
The boating registration law does not violate this section. State v. Jackman, 60 Wis. 2d 700, 211 N.W.2d 480.
There is no constitutional barrier to the application of s. 30.18, regulating diversion of water, to nonnavigable waters. Omernik v. State, 64 Wis. 2d 6, 218 N.W.2d 734.
The term “forever free" does not refer to physical obstructions but to political regulations that would hamper the freedom of commerce. Capt. Soma Boat Line v. Wisconsin Dells, 79 Wis. 2d 10, 255 N.W.2d 441.
An ordinance that provided for exclusive temporary use of a portion of a lake for public water exhibition licensees did not offend the public trust doctrine. State v. Village of Lake Delton, 93 Wis. 2d 78, 286 N.W.2d 622 (Ct. App. 1979).
It is appropriate to extend the public trust doctrine to include navigable waters and the shores appurtenant to ensure public access and free use of the waters. State v. Town of Linn, 205 Wis. 2d 426, 556 N.W.2d 394 (Ct. App. 1996), 95-3242.
A cause of action cannot be based only on a general allegation of a violation of the public trust doctrine. Borsellino v. DNR, 2000 WI App 27, 232 Wis. 2d 430, 605 N.W.2d 255, 99-1220.
There is no constitutional foundation for public trust jurisdiction over land, including non-navigable wetlands, that is not below the ordinary high water mark of a navigable lake or stream. Article IX, Section 1, does not vest the state with constitutional trust powers to “protect" scenic beauty by regulating non-navigable land bordering lakes and rivers. Rock-Koshkonong Lake District v. Department of Natural Resources, 2013 WI 74, 350 Wis. 2d 45, 833 N.W.2d 800, 08-1523.
Riparian rights are the bundle of private property rights that may be conferred upon a property owner by virtue of the owner's contiguity to a navigable body of water, subject to and limited to some extent by the public trust doctrine. Common law riparian rights may include: the right to reasonable use of the waters for domestic, agricultural, and recreational purposes; the right to use the shoreline and have access to the waters; the right to any lands formed by accretion or reliction; the right to have water flow to the land without artificial obstruction; the limited right to intrude onto the lakebed to construct devices for protection from erosion; and the right, conditioned by statute, to construct a pier or structure in aid of navigation. Movrich v. Lobermeier, 2018 WI 9, 379 Wis. 2d 269, 905 N.W.2d 807, 15-0583.
Under the public trust doctrine the state holds the beds underlying navigable waters in trust for all of its citizens. The public rights protected under the public trust doctrine include boating, swimming, fishing, hunting, and preserving scenic beauty. The doctrine traditionally applies to all areas within the ordinary high water mark of the body of water. The public trust doctrine is a limit on riparian rights. Wisconsin common law has established that the right to place structures for access to navigable water is qualified, subordinate, and subject to the paramount interest of the state and the paramount rights of the public in navigable waters. This is true even when the bed is privately held, as long as the body of water is public, navigable, and created by use of public waters. Where a waterbed is privately held, the state has no authority to compel private property owners to accept pier placement. Movrich v. Lobermeier, 2018 WI 9, 379 Wis. 2d 269, 905 N.W.2d 807, 15-0583.
In a flowage easement, title to the property under the flowage may remain with the owner. Although the property rights of owners of the flowage bed are modified to the extent that the public may use the flowage waters for recreational purposes, no private property right of an owner of property adjoining the flowage bed to construct a pier arises from the public trust doctrine. Owners of property adjoining the flowage bed are not entitled to those riparian rights that are incidental to property ownership along a naturally occurring body of water where the lakebed is held in trust by the state. Movrich v. Lobermeier, 2018 WI 9, 379 Wis. 2d 269, 905 N.W.2d 807, 15-0583.
Any rights an owner of property adjoining a flowage bed may enjoy in regard to the man-made body of water created by the flowage easement must be consistent with the bed owner's property rights or the flowage easement's creation of a navigable body of water. The public trust doctrine, when combined with the shoreline location of property adjoining the flowage bed, allows the owners of the adjoining property, as long as they are are using the flowage waters for purposes consistent with the public trust doctrine, their own property rights sufficient to access and exit the Flowage directly from their shoreline property. Movrich v. Lobermeier, 2018 WI 9, 379 Wis. 2d 269, 905 N.W.2d 807, 15-0583.
Portages have lost the protection of the public trust doctrine under this section. 75 Atty. Gen. 89.
The “Invisible Lien": Public Trust Doctrine Impact on Real Estate Development in Wisconsin. Harrington. Wis. Law. May 1996.
That the Waters Shall be Forever Free: Navigating Wisconsin's Obligations Under the Public Trust Doctrine and the Great Lakes Compact. Johnson-Karp. 94 MLR 414 (2010).
A Breach of Trust: Rock-Koshkonong Lake District v. State Department of Natural Resources and Wisconsin's Public Trust Doctrine. Mittal. 98 MLR 1468 (2105).
A New Must of the Public Trust: Modifying Wisconsin's Public Trust Doctrine to Accommodate Modern Development While Still Serving the Doctrine's Essential Goals. Derus. 99 MLR 447 (2015).
Wisconsin's Public Trust Doctrine: A New Framework for Understanding the Judiciary's Role in Protecting Water Resources. Schinner. 2015 WLR 1129.
IX,2 Territorial property. Section 2. The title to all lands and other property which have accrued to the territory of Wisconsin by grant, gift, purchase, forfeiture, escheat or otherwise shall vest in the state of Wisconsin.
IX,3 Ultimate property in lands; escheats. Section 3. The people of the state, in their right of sovereignty, are declared to possess the ultimate property in and to all lands within the jurisdiction of the state; and all lands the title to which shall fail from a defect of heirs shall revert or escheat to the people.
This section confers no more authority upon school officers than that delineated by statute. Arbitration Between West Salem & Fortney, 108 Wis. 2d 167, 321 N.W.2d 225 (1982).
The legislature may not give any “other officer" authority equal or superior to that of the state superintendent. Thompson v. Craney, 199 Wis. 2d 674, 546 N.W.2d 123 (1996), 95-2168.
The legislature's grant to the governor, and in limited circumstances the secretary of administration, in 2011 Act 21 of the power to halt rulemaking by the state superintendent violated Article X, section I. Coyne v. Walker, 2016 WI 38, 368 Wis. 2d 444, 879 N.W.2d 520, 13-0416.
The provisions of 2011 Wisconsin Act 21 that allow the governor and secretary of administration to permanently halt the rulemaking process are unconstitutional as applied to the superintendent of public instruction and the department of public instruction. Coyne v. Walker, 2016 WI 38, 368 Wis. 2d 444, 879 N.W.2d 520, 13-0416.
X,2(1) (1) To the support and maintenance of common schools, in each school district, and the purchase of suitable libraries and apparatus therefor.
The clear proceeds of fines imposed, at least 50% under s. 59.20 (8) [now s. 59.25 (3) (j)] after the accused forfeits a deposit by nonappearance must be sent to the state treasurer for the school fund. 58 Atty. Gen. 142.
Money resulting from state forfeitures action under ss. 161.555 [now s. 961.555] and 973.075 (4) must be deposited in the school fund. Money granted to the state after a federal forfeiture proceeding need not be. 76 Atty. Gen. 209.
The constitution does not require that school districts be uniform in size or equalized valuation. Larson v. State Appeal Board 56 Wis. 2d 823, 202 N.W.2d 920.
Public schools may sell or charge fees for the use of books and items of a similar nature when authorized by statute without violating this section. Board of Education v. Sinclair, 65 Wis. 2d 179, 222 N.W.2d 143.
Use of the word “shall" in s. 118.155, making cooperation by school boards with programs of religious instruction during released time mandatory rather than discretionary does not infringe upon the inherent powers of a school board. State ex rel. Holt v. Thompson, 66 Wis. 2d 659, 225 N.W.2d 678.
School districts are not constitutionally compelled to admit gifted four-year old children into kindergarten. Zweifel v. Joint Dist., No. 1, Belleville, 76 Wis. 2d 648, 251 N.W.2d 822.
The mere appropriation of public monies to a private school does not transform that school into a district school under this section. Jackson v. Benson, 218 Wis. 2d 835, 578 N.W.2d 602 (1998), 97-0270.
The school finance system under ch. 121 is constitutional under both art. I, sec. 1 and art. X, sec. 3. Students have a fundamental right to an equal opportunity for a sound basic education. Uniform revenue-raising capacity among districts is not required. Vincent v. Voight, 2000 WI 93, 236 Wis. 2d 588, 614 N.W.2d 388, 97-3174.
The due process clause of the 14th amendment includes the fundamental right of parents to make decisions concerning the care, custody, and control of their children, including the right to direct the upbringing and education of children under their control, but that right is neither absolute nor unqualified. Parents do not have a fundamental right direct how a public school teaches their child or to dictate the curriculum at the public school to which they have chosen to send their child. Larson v. Burmaster, 2006 WI App 142, 295 Wis. 2d 333, 720 N.W.2d 134, 05-1433.
The state and its agencies, except the department of public instruction, constitutionally can deny service or require the payment of fees for services to children between age 4 and 20 who seek admission to an institution or program because school services are lacking in their community or district. 58 Atty. Gen. 53.
VTAE schools [now technical colleges] are not “district schools" within the meaning of this section. 64 Atty. Gen. 24.
Public school districts may not charge students for the cost of driver education programs if the programs are credited towards graduation. 71 Atty. Gen. 209.
Having established the right to an education, the state may not withdraw the right on grounds of misconduct absent fundamentally fair procedures to determine if misconduct occurred. Attendance by the student at expulsion deliberations is not mandatory; all that is required is the student have the opportunity to attend and present his or her case. Remer v. Burlington Area School District, 149 F. Supp. 2d 665 (2001).
Intrastate inequalities in public education; the case for judicial relief under the equal protection clause. Silard, White, 1970 WLR 7.
The constitutional mandate for free schools. 1971 WLR 971.
X,4 Annual school tax. Section 4. Each town and city shall be required to raise by tax, annually, for the support of common schools therein, a sum not less than one-half the amount received by such town or city respectively for school purposes from the income of the school fund.
X,5 Income of school fund. Section 5. Provision shall be made by law for the distribution of the income of the school fund among the several towns and cities of the state for the support of common schools therein, in some just proportion to the number of children and youth resident therein between the ages of four and twenty years, and no appropriation shall be made from the school fund to any city or town for the year in which said city or town shall fail to raise such tax; nor to any school district for the year in which a school shall not be maintained at least three months.
X,6 State university; support. Section 6. Provision shall be made by law for the establishment of a state university at or near the seat of state government, and for connecting with the same, from time to time, such colleges in different parts of the state as the interests of education may require. The proceeds of all lands that have been or may hereafter be granted by the United States to the state for the support of a university shall be and remain a perpetual fund to be called “the university fund," the interest of which shall be appropriated to the support of the state university, and no sectarian instruction shall be allowed in such university.
Vocational education is not exclusively a state function. West Milwaukee v. Area Board of Vocational, Technical and Adult Education, 51 Wis. 2d 356, 187 N.W.2d 387.
X,7 Commissioners of public lands. Section 7. The secretary of state, treasurer and attorney general, shall constitute a board of commissioners for the sale of the school and university lands and for the investment of the funds arising therefrom. Any two of said commissioners shall be a quorum for the transaction of all business pertaining to the duties of their office.
X,8 Sale of public lands. Section 8. Provision shall be made by law for the sale of all school and university lands after they shall have been appraised; and when any portion of such lands shall be sold and the purchase money shall not be paid at the time of the sale, the commissioners shall take security by mortgage upon the lands sold for the sum remaining unpaid, with seven per cent interest thereon, payable annually at the office of the treasurer. The commissioners shall be authorized to execute a good and sufficient conveyance to all purchasers of such lands, and to discharge any mortgages taken as security, when the sum due thereon shall have been paid. The commissioners shall have power to withhold from sale any portion of such lands when they shall deem it expedient, and shall invest all moneys arising from the sale of such lands, as well as all other university and school funds, in such manner as the legislature shall provide, and shall give such security for the faithful performance of their duties as may be required by law.
The legislature may direct public land commissioners to invest monies from the sale of public lands in student loans but may not direct a specific investment. 65 Atty. Gen. 28.
State reservation of land and interests in lands under ch. 452, laws of 1911, 24.11 (3) and Art. X, sec. 8 is discussed. 65 Atty. Gen. 207.
Section 499.02 (4), 1973 stats., providing that the Solid Waste Recycling Authority's existence may not be terminated while it has outstanding obligations, does not violate the Wisconsin Constitution's reserved power provisions because: 1) The Authority is not a corporation created pursuant to section 1, and section 1 is directed only to laws enacted under the provisions of that section; and 2) any attempt to terminate the authority while it has outstanding obligations would contravene the impairment of contract clauses of both the U.S. and state constitutions. Wisconsin Solid Waste Recycling Auth. v. Earl, 70 Wis. 2d 464, 235 N.W.2d 648.
Creation of the citizens utility board is constitutional. 69 Atty. Gen. 153.

matches: v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v.


text:
Antonova, V. and I. Dedov (2001). Terrestrial gastropods (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) from the Kresna Gorge. In P. Beron (Ed.), Biodiversity of the Kresna Gorge, pp. 39-43. Sofia: National Museum of Natural History. (In Bulgarian).
Bratanova-Dontcheva, S. (2001). Non-point pollution sources at catchment scale. Bioprocess 2, 12-18.
Chankova, S. G., G. Jovtchev, S. Gateva, P. Yonova, A. Mehanjiev, and V. Shevchenko (2001). Protecting effect of newly synthesized urea and thio-urea derivatives on different test-systems. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology 2, 694-703.
Chankova, S. G., V. M. Kapchina-Toteva, O. A. Frolova, L. M. Stoilov, and E. D. Blagoeva (2001). Characterization of new radio resistant mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Comptes rendus de l'Academie bulgare des Sciences 54, 51-54.
Chankova, S., V. K. anf G Jovtchev, and R. Christova (2001, 2-5 July). Do unicellular green algae influence toxical and genotoxical action of cadmium in plants? In First European Bioremediation Conference, Section Bioremediation of metals and Radionuclides, Chania, Crete, Greece, pp. 178-181.
Diadovski, I. and S. Bratanova (2001a). Conception and measures for integrated water quality management. Journal of the Balkan Ecology 4, 161-168.
Diadovski, I. and S. Bratanova (2001b). Measures for water quality integrated management. In Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium Ecology 2001, 6-10 June, Burgas, pp. 175-185.
Diadovski, I., T. Ilkova, and M. Petrov (2001a). Model of transformation of nitrogen in river flows. In International Symposium and Young Scientists' School "BIOPS'2001", 1-3 October, Sofia, pp. 24-28.
Diadovski, I., T. Ilkova, and M. Petrov (2001b). Modelling and comparative assessment of water pollution in river section: application for Iskar river. In International Symposium and Young Scientists' School "BIOPS'2001", 1-3 October, Sofia, pp. 20-24.
Diadovski, I., M. Petrov, and T. Ilkova (2001). Modelling and comparison of water pollution at the beginning and the end of the Bulgarian section of the Danube river. Journal of the Balkan Ecology 4(2), 322-328.
Gateva, S., E. Varadinova, and V. Georgieva (2001). Genotoxic activity of pesticide devrinol in human lymphocytes in vitro. Comptes rendus de l'Academie bulgare des Sciences 54, 81-84.
Gateva, S., G. Jovchev, M. Stergios, E. Varadinova, and E. Kondakova (2001). Complex estimation of the genotoxical effect of pesticides by three cytogenetical test-systems. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology 2, 684-693.
Gateva, S., E. Varadinova, and V. Georgieva (2001-2002). Genotixic effect of pesticides lontrel and devrinol in human lymphocyte cells in vitro. Genetics and Breeding 31(1-2), 17-25.
Georgiev, B. B. and G. P. Vasileva (2001). Dendrometra ginesi Jordano and Diaz-Ungria, 1956 transferred to Orthoskrjabinia Spasskii, 1947 (Cestoda: Paruterinidae). Helminthologia 38, 145-149.
Georgiev, B. B. and C. Vaucher (2001). Revision of the genus Parvirostrum Fuhrmann, 1908 (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Paruterinidae). Systematic Parasitology 50, 13-29.
Ignatova, N. and R. Fikova (2001, 26-28 February). Using of models based on the Time Series Analysis for assessment of the deposition effect on the soil solution and water chemistry. In H. Gregor and S. Fuijy (Eds.), Proceedings of UN/ECE workshop on dynamic modelling of critical loads for pollutants, Zagreb, pp. 26-28.
Jovtchev, G., M. Menke, and I. Schubert (2001). The comet assay detects adaptation to MNU-induced DNA damage in barley. Mutation Research 493, 95-100.
Kancheva, R., D. Borisova, V. M. Kapchina, S. G. Chankova, and N. P. Naidenova (2001). Effects of cadmium pollution in Pisum sativum depending on the growing conditions. Comptes rendus de l'Academie bulgare des Sciences 54, 21-26.
Kostadinova, A. and D. I. Gibson (2001a). Uroproctepisthmium bursicola (Creplin, 1837) n. comb. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), and re-evaluations of the genera Episthmium Lühe, 1909 and Uroproctepisthmium Fitchthal & Kuntz, 1976. Systematic Parasitology 50, 63-67.
Kostadinova, A. and D. I. Gibson (2001b). Redescriptions of two echinostomes from freshwater fishes, with comments on Singhia Yamaguti, 1958 and Caballerotrema Prudhoe, 1960 (Digenea: Echinostomatidae). Systematic Parasitology 49, 195-204.
Kostadinova, A. (2001). Psilolintonum lineatum (Linton, 1928) (Echinostomatoidea: Psilostomidae) re-allocated to Podocotyle (Allocreadioidea: Opecoelidae) on the basis of a re-examination of the type material. Folia Parasitologica 48, 115-117.
Peneva, V., P. A. A. Loof, L. Penev, and D. J. F. Brown (2001). Description of the male and first stage juvenile of Longidorus intermedius Kozlowska & Seinhorst, 1979 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida), and notes on morphology and distribution. Systematic Parasitology 49, 127-137.
Petkov, N. and D. Mittev (2001). Ferruginous Duck population at Durankulak Lake comlex, Bulgaria, in the period 1995-2001. TWSG News 13, 49-55.
Sharpilo, V. P., A. K. Kostadinova, V. Biserkov, J. Benke, and J. Kuzmin (2001). Helminths of the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis (Reptilia, Lacertidae), in the Palearctic: faunal diversity and spatial patterns of variation in the composition and structure of component communities. Parassitology 123, 389-400.
Simeonov, P., T. Mitchev, G. Dobler, and A. J. Crivelli (2001). White Pelicans breeding in Bulgaria. British Birds 94, 390.
Stoitsova, S. R., B. B. Georgiev, G. P. Vasileva, and M. Jordanova (2001). Rostellar apparatus of Fernandezia spinosissima (von Linstow, 1894) (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Davaineidae): microanatomy and fine structure. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 82, 241-250.
Todev, I., V. Dimova, and B. B. Georgiev (2001). Intermediate hosts of Gongylonema pulchrum Molin, 1857 (Nematoda, Gongylonematidae) in game farm pastures. Helminthologia 38, 99-103.
Tzortzakakis, E. A., V. Peneva, M. Terzakis, R. Neilson, and D. J. F. Brown (2001). Longidorus cretensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from a vineyard infected with a foliar "yellow mosaic" on Crete, Greece. Systematic Parasitology 47, 131-139.
Uzunov, Y. and E. Varadinova (2001). New data on invertebrate hydrofauna of the Kresna gorge. In P. Beron (Ed.), Biodiversity of the Kresna Gorge, pp. 53-61. Sofia: National Museum of Natural History. (In Bulgarian).
Uzunov, Y., V. Tzavkova, I. Todorov, and E. Varadinova (2001). The macrozoobenthic fauna of the Biosphere reserve Srebarna Lake in North-Eastern Bulgaria. Lauterbornia 40, 43-51.
Varadinova, E., G. Jovchev, M. Stergios, and A. Dudov (2001). Effects of etoposide treatment on the national level of spontaneous frequency of chromatid abberations in human somatic sells. Comptes rendus de l'Academie bulgare des Sciences 54, 77-80.
Vasileva, G. P., V. V. Kornyushin, and T. Genov (2001a). Hymenolepidid cestodes from grebes (Aves, Podicipedidae) in Ukraine: the genera Dollfusilepis and Parafimbriaria. Vestnik Zoologii 35, 3-13.
Vasileva, G. P., V. V. Kornyushin, and T. Genov (2001b). Hymenolepidid cestodes from grebes (Aves, Podicipedidae) in Ukraine: the genus Confluaria. Vestnik Zoologii 35, 13-31.

matches: V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V.


text:
THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, Respondent, v. ROBERT LEROY CLARK, Petitioner.
THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, Respondent, v. LINDA LEE CLARK, Petitioner.
CLALLAM COUNTY, Respondent, v. REAL PROPERTY KNOWN AS 183-D HOLGERSON ROAD, ET AL, Petitioners.
 Constitutional Law – Construction – State and Federal Provisions – Independent State Interpretation – Factors – Argument – Timeliness – First Raised in Reply Brief. When the first analysis of the nonexclusive factors established by State v. Gunwall, 106 Wn.2d 54 occurs in a reply brief, the party's state constitutional claim is untimely.
 Criminal Law – Former Jeopardy – Constitutional Provisions – Federal Constitution – Applicability to States. The double jeopardy clause in the federal constitution (U.S. Const. amend. 5) is applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
 Criminal Law – Former Jeopardy – Multiple Punishments – In General. The federal double jeopardy clause (U.S. Const. amend. 5) prohibits multiple punishments for the same crime.
 Controlled Substances – Forfeitures – Property Used in Drug Trafficking – Statutory Provisions – Construction – Similar Federal Statute. The state statute authorizing the seizure and forfeiture of property involved in drug trafficking (RCW 69.50.505) is nearly identical in language and effect to the federal forfeiture statute (21 U.S.C. § 881), and each is construed similarly.
 Criminal Law – Former Jeopardy – Multiple Punishments – What Constitutes – Forfeiture – House – Motorhome. The forfeiture of a house pursuant to RCW 69.50.505(a)(8) and the forfeiture of a motorhome pursuant to RCW 69.50.505(a)(4) each constitutes "punishment" for purposes of the Fifth Amendment's prohibition against multiple punishments for the same crime.
 Criminal Law – Former Jeopardy – Multiple Punishments – What Constitutes – Forfeiture – Test. A civil forfeiture that is not solely remedial constitutes "punishment" for purposes of the federal double jeopardy clause (U.S. Const. amend. 5).
 Criminal Law – Former Jeopardy – Multiple Punishments – Same Offense – Necessity – Burden of Proof. Multiple punishments do not violate the federal double jeopardy clause (U.S. Const. amend. 5) unless they are imposed for the same offense. The defendant has the burden of establishing that multiple punishments are for the same offense.
 Appeal – Review – Issues Raised by Amici Curiae. As a general rule, an appellate court will not decide an issue for which the only analytic support was provided by an amicus curiae.
 Constitutional Law – Construction – State and Federal Provisions – Independent State Interpretation – Argument – Necessity. An appellate court will not decide a state constitutional issue about which no argument is included in the proponent's brief.
 Criminal Law – Punishment – Fines – Excessive Fines – Test. A sanction violates the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against excessive fines only if the sanction constitutes "punishment" that is "excessive".
 Criminal Law – Punishment – Fines – Excessive Fines – "Punishment" – Forfeiture – House – Motorhome. The forfeiture of a house pursuant to RCW 69.50.505(a)(8) and the forfeiture of a motorhome pursuant to RCW 69.50.505(a)(4) each constitutes "punishment" for purposes of the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against excessive fines.
 Criminal Law – Punishment – Fines – Excessive Fines – "Excessive" – Rough Remedial Justice. When determining whether a punishment is "excessive" under the Eighth Amendment, a court should allow the government to obtain rough remedial justice. One means of applying the "rough remedial justice" standard is to compare the financial burden resulting from the punishment against the cost of the prosecution and investigation.
 Appeal – Review – Issues Not Raised by Lower Appellate Court – Policies. As a general rule, the Supreme Court will not decide an issue that the aggrieved party failed to raise in the Court of Appeals. The rule encourages parties to raise all issues before the Court of Appeals, thereby ensuring the development of, and opportunity to amend, arguments on both sides of the issue.
 Searches and Seizures – Warrant – Affidavit – Misstatement – Omission – Review – Standard of Review. A trial court's determination of whether the omission of information in a search warrant affidavit was deliberate or done with reckless disregard for the truth is reviewed under the clearly erroneous standard.
 Searches and Seizures – Warrant – Affidavit – Misstatement – Omission – Harmless Error. The omission of information in a search warrant affidavit constitutes harmless error if its inclusion would not have affected the magistrate's determination of probable cause.
Nature of Action: A husband was charged with possession of a controlled substance and possession of a controlled substance with intent to manufacture or deliver. In a separate prosecution, his wife was charged with possession of a controlled substance with intent to manufacture or deliver. In a third action, the county sought the forfeiture of the defendants' house, motorhome, and van.
Superior Court: The Superior Court for Clallam County, No. 89-1-00135-6, Grant S. Meiner, J., on May 7, 1990, entered a judgment finding the husband guilty of both charges. The Superior Court for Clallam County, No. 89-1-00136-4, Grant S. Meiner, J., on May 7, 1990, entered a judgment finding the wife guilty. The Superior Court for Clallam County, No. 89-2-00545-2, Grant S. Meiner, J., on September 21, 1990, entered an order of forfeiture against the defendants' house and motorhome.
Court of Appeals: The court at 68 Wn. App. 592 affirmed all three judgments, holding that a search of the defendants' property was valid and that the forfeiture was constitutional.
Supreme Court: Holding that the combination of criminal punishment and civil forfeitures did not violate the federal double jeopardy prohibition, that the civil forfeitures did not constitute excessive fines, and that a search warrant was valid, the court affirms the decision of the Court of Appeals and the judgments.
Steinborn & Associates, by Jeffrey Steinborn and Reba Weiss, for petitioners.
David H. Bruneau, Prosecuting Attorney, and Robert W. Strohmeyer, Deputy, for respondent.
David B. Smith on behalf of National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers and Richard J. Troberman on behalf of Washington Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, amici curiae for petitioners.
Norm Maleng, Prosecuting Attorney for King County, Barbara A. Mack, Senior Deputy, and Patrick Sainsbury, Chief Deputy, on behalf of Washington Association of Prosecuting Attorneys and the Attorney General, amici curiae for respondent.
UTTER, J. – Petitioners Robert Leroy Clark and Linda Lee Clark seek to reverse a Court of Appeals decision affirming both the civil forfeitures of their home and motorhome and the criminal convictions against them personally. Their petition for review raised the following questions: (1) Do the civil forfeitures of their home and/or motorhome, combined with criminal convictions against them, violate the state or federal prohibitions against the imposition of double jeopardy?; (2) Does the forfeiture of either their home or motorhome violate the state or federal constitutional prohibitions against excessive fines?; (3) Does the civil forfeiture statute pursuant to which the Clarks forfeited their home and motorhome violate the state constitutional or statutory protections of homesteads?; and (4) Did the Court of Appeals err in affirming the trial court's denial of a motion to suppress evidence?
In 1979 or 1980, Robert and Linda Clark purchased property in Sequim and began building a house on it. During the early 1980's, a neighbor of the Clarks, Robert Swanton, helped the Clarks grow marijuana in their garage. Around 1983, the relationship between Swanton and the Clarks deteriorated, and the Clarks began informing a Clallam County deputy of Swanton's alleged illegal activities.
In September 1989, Swanton contacted a deputy of the Clallam County Sheriff's Department about a marijuana operation in his neighborhood. The deputy referred Swanton to an officer with the Clallam County Drug Task Force. The officer spoke with Swanton and learned of the Clarks' marijuana operation. Based on affidavits and live testimony by Swanton and the officer, Judge Gary Velie issued a warrant to search the Clarks' property.
"All real property . . . and any appurtenances or improvements which are being used with the knowledge of the owner for the manufacturing, compounding, processing, delivery, importing, or exporting of any controlled substance, or which have been acquired in whole or in part with proceeds traceable to an exchange or series of exchanges in violation of this chapter or chapter 69.41 or 69.52 RCW, if such activity is not less than a class C felony and a substantial nexus exists between the commercial production or sale of the controlled substance and the real property . . . [are subject to seizure and forfeiture and no property right exists in them]".
"All conveyances, including aircraft, vehicles, or vessels, which are used, or intended for use, in any manner to facilitate the sale, delivery, or receipt [of controlled substances] . . . [are subject to seizure and forfeiture and no property right exists in them]".
Linda Clark was later charged under RCW 69.50.401(a) with unlawful possession with intent to manufacture or deliver a controlled substance.
The Clallam County Superior Court found Robert Clark guilty of both criminal charges against him and sentenced him to 8 months in jail and $5,170 in fines. J. and Sentence, at 3-4; Clerk's Papers (State v. Robert Clark), at 6-7. In a separate proceeding, the court found Linda Clark guilty of the criminal charge against her and sentenced her to 90 days in jail and $5,188.50 in fines. J. and Sentence, at 3-4; Clerk's Papers (State v. Linda Clark), at 6-7. Following a third trial, the court denied Clallam County civil forfeiture of the Clarks' van but permitted the forfeitures of their home and motorhome. The Court of Appeals consolidated the criminal and civil actions, Ruling dated March 26, 1991, and affirmed all three decisions. State v. Clark, 68 Wn. App. 592, 844 P.2d 1029 (1993). We granted the Clarks' petition for review. State v. Clark, 121 Wn.2d 1028 (1993).
«2» Const. art. 1, § 9 states: "No person shall be . . . twice put in jeopardy for the same offense". In their petition for review to this court, the Clarks made only fleeting reference to this issue in an argument heading. Appellants' Pet. for Discretionary [sic] Review, at 16. In their supplemental brief, the Clarks again treated the topic in a cursory manner. The Clarks finally presented a proper state constitutional analysis in a reply brief submitted a week before oral argument. State v. Gunwall, 106 Wn.2d 54, 720 P.2d 808, 76 A.L.R.4th 517 (1986); Pet'r's Answer to Br. of Amicus Curiae, at 4-13. Their failure to engage a Gunwall analysis in a timely fashion precludes us from entertaining their state constitutional claim. State v. Wethered, 110 Wn.2d 466, 755 P.2d 797 (1988). To hold otherwise would encourage parties to save their Gunwall analyses for a reply brief and would lead to an unbalanced and incomplete development of the issues for review. See RAP 10.3(c) (reply brief should be limited to a response to the issues in the brief to which the reply brief is directed). For these reasons, we decline to review the Clarks' double jeopardy claim based on state constitutional grounds.
 The double jeopardy clause of the federal constitution reads: "nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb . . .". U.S. Const. amend. 5. This provision is applicable to states through the Fourteenth Amendment. Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S. 784, 23 L. Ed. 2d 707, 89 S. Ct. 2056 (1969). However, we do not find that the forfeiture of the Clarks' home and motorhome combined with criminal convictions against the Clarks personally offends the double jeopardy clause of the federal constitution.
«3» In addition to these two fundamental inquiries on which the parties to this case focus, there exist a number of other significant inquiries associated with the federal double jeopardy clause which we decline to consider at this time because they were not raised. Those inquiries include the following: (1) were the two punishments specifically authorized by the Legislature?; see United States v. One Single Family Residence Located at 18755 North Bay Road, Miami, 13 F.3d 1493 (11th Cir. 1994); Garrett v. United States, 471 U.S. 773, 85 L. Ed. 2d 764, 105 S. Ct. 2407 (1985); Missouri v. Hunter, 459 U.S. 359, 368-69, 74 L. Ed. 2d 535, 103 S. Ct. 673, 679-80 (1983) (where a legislature specifically authorizes cumulative punishment, regardless of whether the same offense underlies both punishments, a prosecutor may seek cumulative punishment under such statutes in a single trial); and (2) were they part of a single, coordinated prosecution?; see United States v. Millan, 2 F.3d 17 (2d Cir. 1993) (because civil forfeiture action was part of single coordinated prosecution, criminal prosecution for underlying drug offenses was not barred by federal double jeopardy clause), cert. denied sub nom. Bottone v. United States, ___ U.S. ___, 127 L. Ed. 2d 215, 114 S. Ct. 922 (1994); State v. 1979 Cadillac Deville, 632 So. 2d 1221 (La. Ct. App. 1994).
 Protection against "jeopardy of life or limb" protects defendants against multiple "punishments" for the same offense. North Carolina v. Pearce, 395 U.S. 711, 23 L. Ed. 2d 656, 89 S. Ct. 2072 (1969), overruled on other grounds in Alabama v. Smith, 490 U.S. 794, 104 L. Ed. 2d 865, 109 S. Ct. 2201 (1989); see also State v. Laviollette, 118 Wn.2d 670, 826 P.2d 684 (1992). Since it is uncontested the criminal convictions constitute "punishment", we examine the issue whether civil forfeiture of either or both the Clarks' home and motorhome pursuant to RCW 69.50.505(a) constitutes "punishment". For the reasons which follow, we conclude each of the forfeitures is "punishment" for purposes of federal double jeopardy analysis.
"All real property, including any right, title, and interest (including any leasehold interest) in the whole of any lot or tract of land and any appurtenances or improvements, which is used, or intended to be used, in any manner or part, to commit, or to facilitate the commission of, a violation of this subchapter punishable by more than one year's imprisonment . . .".
"All conveyances, including aircraft, vehicles, or vessels, which are used, or are intended for use, to transport, or in any manner to facilitate the transportation, sale, receipt, possession, or concealment of [controlled substances] . . .".
«5» 21 U.S.C. § 881(b)(4) provides in relevant portion: "seizure without . . . process may be made when . . . the Attorney General has probable cause to believe that the property is subject to civil forfeiture under this subchapter".
RCW 69.50.505(b)(4) provides: "Seizure of personal property without process may be made if . . . [t]he board inspector or law enforcement officer has probable cause to believe that the property was used or is intended to be used in violation of this chapter".
«6» 21 U.S.C. § 881(a)(7) provides: "no property shall be forfeited under this paragraph . . . by reason of any act or omission established by that owner to have committed or omitted without the knowledge or consent of that owner"; and 21 U.S.C. § 881(a)(4)(C) provides: "no conveyance shall be forfeited . . . by reason of any act or omission established by that owner to have been committed or omitted without the knowledge, consent, or willful blindness of the owner".
"No conveyance is subject to forfeiture under this section by reason of any act or omission established by the owner thereof to have been committed or omitted without the owner's knowledge or consent".
Because of the near identity of the federal and state forfeiture statutes, in language and in effect, we interpret the two as having similar implications for purposes of federal double jeopardy analysis. See Bellevue v. Cashier's Check for $51,000.00 & $1,130.00 in U.S. Currency, 70 Wn. App. 697, 855 P.2d 330 (1993).
Several additional reasons compel our conclusion the forfeitures are punishment under the federal double jeopardy clause. The government claims civil forfeiture under RCW 69.50.505(a) is not punishment because the statute is remedial in nature. It asserts the civil forfeiture statute was designed to serve two remedial purposes: to compensate the government for its costs in prosecuting drug offenses and to deprive people of instrumentalities of crimes. It also notes that the state provision is more remedial than its federal counterpart. Finally, the government argues Austin is inapplicable since the Austin Court addressed the meaning of "punishment" within the context of the Eighth Amendment rather than the Fifth Amendment. We disagree with each of these assertions.
The value of the conveyances and real property forfeitable . . . can vary so dramatically that any relationship between the Government's actual costs and the amount of the sanction is merely coincidental.
113 S. Ct. at 2812 n.14. This reasoning is applicable to the statute at issue here. RCW 69.50.505(a)(8) and (4) thus cannot be said solely to serve a remedial purpose, and forfeiture under these provisions constitutes "punishment".
[W]e have recognized that the forfeiture of contraband itself may be characterized as remedial because it removes dangerous or illegal items from society. The Court, however, previously has rejected government's attempt to extend that reasoning to conveyances used to transport illegal liquor. . . . [We have] noted: "There is nothing even remotely criminal in possessing an automobile."
(Citations omitted.) Austin, 113 S. Ct. at 2811. This reasoning is applicable to both the Clarks' home and their motorhome. Neither forfeiture of a home under RCW 69.50.505(a)(8) nor forfeiture of a motorhome under RCW 69.50.505(a)(4) constitutes a simple removal of a dangerous or illegal item from society.
The government's efforts to distinguish the federal and state forfeiture statutes are not helpful. It argues that because the histories of the federal and state statutes differ, the state statute can be considered remedial despite the federal statute's characterization as "punishment". Even were the state statute more remedial than its federal counterpart, however, Austin holds that if the civil forfeiture statute is at all punitive, it is to be deemed "punishment". 113 S. Ct. at 2806.
Finally, it is true the Austin Court addressed the issue of "punishment" in the context of the Eighth Amendment. However, the Austin Court's reasoning for deeming forfeiture "punishment" for the purpose of Eighth Amendment analysis extends to the Fifth Amendment as well. The Austin Court concluded the distinction between proceedings in rem and proceedings in personam was meaningless. Austin, 113 S. Ct. at 2808 n.9. The meaninglessness of this distinction is no more evident under the Eighth Amendment than the Fifth Amendment. Austin explored the history of forfeiture in detail, concluding the first Congress viewed forfeiture as "punishment" at the time the Eighth Amendment was ratified. Austin, 113 S. Ct. at 2806-08. Since the Fifth Amendment was ratified at the same time, the same understanding of "punishment" governed. The Court recited a host of cases considering forfeiture to be "punishment" throughout American history. Austin, 113 S. Ct. at 2808-10. It also noted the inclusion of innocent-owner defenses reveals a congressional intent to punish only those involved in drug trafficking and indicates a modern belief in the method as "punishment". Austin, 113 S. Ct. at 2811. These insights apply equally with respect to the Fifth Amendment. Finally, the Court in Austin relied on Halper, a case concerning the Fifth Amendment's prohibition against double jeopardy. By doing so, it incorporated the treatment of the concept of punishment as similar between the two clauses.
We therefore conclude the forfeitures at issue here are "punishment" for purposes of federal double jeopardy analysis. We reverse that portion of the Court of Appeals decision which is inconsistent with this holding. This holding is limited to the facts of this case. We do not hold the forfeiture of property acquired through proceeds traceable to a criminal violation to be "punishment" under the Fifth Amendment. See United States v. Tilley, 18 F.3d 295, 62 U.S.L.W. 2613 (5th Cir. 1994) (civil forfeiture of proceeds from sale of drugs is not "punishment").
 In order to prevail in a double jeopardy challenge, a defendant must not only show the existence of two "punishments". The defendant must also affirmatively establish he or she has been punished twice for the same offense. U.S. Const. amend. 5; see also State v. Haye, 72 Wn.2d 461, 433 P.2d 884 (1967); United States v. Patterson, 809 F.2d 244 (5th Cir. 1987). The Clarks have failed to meet this burden.
 Although the Clarks at trial cited Halper as supporting their contention that the "same offense" underlay both punishments, they failed to provide any analytic support for the proposition that Halper governs this issue. Similarly, the only meaningful discussion of this issue before this court was by amicus curiae. This court does not generally reach issues only raised by amici. As we have previously stated, "'. . . the case must be made by the parties litigant, and its course and the issues involved cannot be changed or added to by "friends of the court.". . .'". Long v. Odell, 60 Wn.2d 151, 154, 372 P.2d 548 (1962) (quoting Lorentzen v. Deere Mfg. Co., 245 Iowa 1317, 66 N.W.2d 499 (1954)). See also State v. Laviollette, 118 Wn.2d 670, 826 P.2d 684 (1992); State v. Gonzalez, 110 Wn.2d 738, 752 n.2, 757 P.2d 925 (1988); Coburn v. Seda, 101 Wn.2d 270, 279, 677 P.2d 173 (1984).
We therefore will not decide whether either set of combined criminal and civil penalties was based on the same offense. The Clarks' double jeopardy challenge based on the federal constitution fails.
«7» Const. art. 1, § 14 states: "Excessive bail shall not be required, excessive fines imposed, nor cruel punishment inflicted." Because the Clarks do not brief the basis of their state constitutional claim, we will not consider it. State v. Wethered, 110 Wn.2d 466, 755 P.2d 797 (1988); State v. Gunwall, 106 Wn.2d 54, 720 P.2d 808, 76 A.L.R.4th 517 (1986).
The eighth amendment to the United States Constitution declares that "[e]xcessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted." Because neither party raises it, we do not reach the issue whether the federal excessive fines clause applies to state action. See Browning-Ferris Indus. of Vermont, Inc. v. Kelco Disposal, Inc., 492 U.S. 257, 276 n.22, 106 L. Ed. 2d 219, 109 S. Ct. 2909 (1989) (declining to reach issue whether excessive fines clause applies to states); contra Browning-Ferris, 492 U.S. at 284 (O'Connor, J., concurring in part, dissenting in part) (indicating excessive fines clause should apply to states).
Even if we were to assume the federal excessive fines clause does apply to state action, the Clarks' challenge would fail because they have not established that either of the forfeitures is "excessive" under the federal constitution.
[10, 11] The first step in an excessive fines claim is to demonstrate the state action is "punishment". Austin v. United States, ___ U.S. ___, 125 L. Ed. 2d 488, 113 S. Ct. 2801 (1993). The Austin Court held that if a civil forfeiture is properly characterized as "punishment", the excessive fines clause of the eighth amendment to the United States Constitution applies. As noted above, it held the nearly identical federal analogues to RCW 69.50.505(a)(8) and (4) to constitute punishment. Austin. Because of the near identity of the state and federal counterparts and for the reasons given in the above discussion of Austin, we conclude our state analogue has similar implications for purposes of federal excessive fines analysis. We therefore consider the forfeitures experienced by the Clarks pursuant to RCW 69.50.505(a)(8) and (4) to be "punishment" for purposes of excessive fines analysis. This holding is also limited to the facts of this case. We do not hold that the forfeiture of property or the portion thereof acquired through proceeds traceable to a criminal violation constitutes "punishment" under the Eighth Amendment. See United States v. Borromeo, 1 F.3d 219 (4th Cir. 1993) (whether proportionality relationship of forfeitures of the proceeds of illegal activity is necessary is not entirely clear); United States v. $288,930.00 in U.S. Currency, 838 F. Supp. 367 (N.D. Ill. 1993) (forfeiture of allegedly illegally obtained property is not "punishment" within meaning of Eighth Amendment); United States v. $45,140.00 Currency, 839 F. Supp. 556 (N.D. Ill. 1993).
The Clarks do not prevail in their Eighth Amendment claim, however, because the forfeitures were not "excessive".
 The government is entitled to rough remedial justice. Austin v. United States, ___ U.S. ___, 125 L. Ed. 2d 488, 113 S. Ct. 2801 (1993); United States v. Halper, 490 U.S. 435, 446, 104 L. Ed. 2d 487, 109 S. Ct. 1892, 1900 (1989).
«8» Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law and Judgment, at 4; Clerk's Papers (Clallam County v. Real Property known as 183-D Holgerson Road), at 9.
«9» We recognize the trial court's finding of fact on this issue includes an incomplete sentence. However, the cost of prosecution and investigation can be inferred from the judgment.
Because the government received rough remedial justice, we do not consider the forfeiture of either the Clarks' home or motorhome to be an "excessive" fine. The rough equivalence of the value of the property forfeited and the amount spent on prosecution may not always insulate a forfeiture from a finding that the forfeiture is "excessive". See Austin, 113 S. Ct. at 2812 n.15 (citing concurrence by Scalia, J.); United States v. Borromeo, 1 F.3d 219 (4th Cir. 1993) (compare value of property against nature of offense or amount needed to effectuate legitimate remedial purposes of forfeiture); United States v. One Single Family Residence Located at 18755 North Bay Road, Miami, 13 F.3d 1493 (11th Cir. 1994) (because owner of house was not one who preyed systematically on citizens and whose syndicated operations are so continuous and so substantial as to be of national concern, forfeiture of his home worth $150,000 was excessive); United States v. Real Property Located at 6625 Zumirez Drive, 845 F. Supp. 725 (C.D. Cal. 1994) (considering gravity of offense, harshness of punishment, whether defendant property was integral to offense, and whether activity involving defendant property, the forfeiture of father's home with $625,000 equity as a result of son selling cocaine on property was excessive); United States v. Certain Real Property, 829 F. Supp. 1071 (E.D. Wis. 1993) (where substantial manufacturing operation had been established on property, forfeiture of property was not excessive).
On the particular facts of this case, however, we do not find the punishment in the form of the civil forfeitures of the Clarks' home and motorhome to be "excessive".
 The Clarks challenge the civil forfeitures of their home and motorhome on a third ground. They allege the civil forfeiture statute violates state constitutional and statutory protections of "homesteads". The Clarks did not raise the constitutional dimension of the homestead protection issue at trial and did not raise it before the Court of Appeals. We generally decline review of questions not raised before the Court of Appeals. State v. Laviollette, 118 Wn.2d 670, 826 P.2d 684 (1992). One reason for the rule is to ensure that an appellant "ha[s] an opportunity to elect to stand on his theory or apply to the court to amend his theory and present some other one". People's Nat'l Bank v. Peterson, 82 Wn.2d 822, 830, 514 P.2d 159 (1973) (quoting State v. Reano, 67 Wn.2d 768, 771, 409 P.2d 853 (1966)). By declining review of issues not raised before a lower appellate court, we also encourage parties to raise issues before the Court of Appeals, thereby ensuring the "benefit of developed arguments on both sides and lower court opinions squarely addressing the question". Yee v. Escondido, ___ U.S. ___, 118 L. Ed. 2d 153, 112 S. Ct. 1522, 1534 (1992). For these reasons, we decline review of the Clarks' homestead claims.
Finally, the Clarks claim their motion to suppress the evidence found pursuant to the search warrant should have been granted because material information was omitted deliberately or with reckless disregard for the truth from both the affidavits and testimony supporting the warrant.
A criminal defendant is entitled to suppress evidence if the state violates his or her Fourth Amendment rights against illegal search and seizure. U.S. Const. amend. 4; Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643, 6 L. Ed. 2d 1081, 81 S. Ct. 1684 (1961); Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145, 20 L. Ed. 2d 491, 88 S. Ct. 1444 (1968) (Fourth Amendment is applicable to state action). If an affiant excludes material information from an affidavit supporting the issuance of a search warrant either deliberately or with reckless disregard for the truth, the court may require such information be included in the record for a new determination of whether probable cause existed. State v. Jones, 55 Wn. App. 343, 345, 777 P.2d 1053 (1989). If the affidavit as supplemented then fails to support a finding of probable cause, the warrant is void and the evidence secured pursuant to it is deemed a fruit of an illegal search which must be excluded. State v. Jones, 55 Wn. App. at 345. The Clarks assert nine additional facts should have been presented to the judge who issued the search warrant. These facts supported three categories of information: (1) Swanton did not reveal his involvement with the Clarks until he was assured the statute of limitations had run; (2) law enforcement officers suspected Swanton of illegal activity; and (3) there was animosity between Swanton and the Clarks. Opening Br. of Pet'rs, at 3-4.
 We reject their argument. The Jones rule requiring the inclusion of such material information does not apply because the trial court held the information to have been omitted neither deliberately nor with reckless disregard for the truth. Supplemental Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law and Order Denying Mot. to Suppress, at 7; Supplemental Designation of Clerk's Papers (Clallam County v. Real Property known as 183-D Holgerson Road), at 11. A trial court's finding on whether an affiant deliberately excluded material facts is a factual determination, upheld unless clearly erroneous. United States v. Elliott, 893 F.2d 220, 222 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 498 U.S. 904, 112 L. Ed. 2d 224, 111 S. Ct. 268 (1990); State v. Cord, 103 Wn.2d 361, 367, 693 P.2d 81 (1985) (citing In re Sego, 82 Wn.2d 736, 513 P.2d 831 (1973)). Nothing in the record causes us to conclude the trial court's finding was clearly erroneous. Therefore, the warrant was valid, the search was legal, and the evidence was properly admitted.
 Even if the information had been withheld deliberately or with reckless disregard for the truth, its exclusion would have been harmless. The Clarks have failed to show how the excluded material would have in any meaningful way affected the judge's determination of probable cause.
We affirm the Court of Appeals decision affirming forfeiture of the Clarks' home and motorhome and their criminal convictions.
ANDERSEN, C.J., and BRACHTENBACH, DOLLIVER, DURHAM, SMITH, GUY, JOHNSON, and MADSEN, JJ., concur.

matches:
v.
v.
v.
v.
§ 881
in fine
v.
in fine
v.
v.
v.
art. 1
§ 9
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
§ 881
§ 881
§ 881
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
art. 1
§ 14
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.


text:
The education article was first added to Illinois’ constitution in 1870, and took its present form following revisions made at the 1970 Constitutional Convention. 100 Illinois’ education article shares much of its language with other state education provisions, 101 including phrases that have served as the basis for several plaintiff victories in education funding cases. 102 A 1992 amendment referendum, however, would have reformed Illinois’ school funding system just four years before Edgar. 103 Following a bitter debate in the Illinois General Assembly, a bi-partisan coalition of urban Democrats and downstate Republicans voted to add the referendum to the November ballot. 104 The referendum proposed adding language to Article X that would have forced the state to provide the majority of education funding in Illinois, effectively prohibiting nation. DAVIS ET AL., INST. ON TAXATION AND ECON. POL’Y, WHO PAYS? A DISTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE TAX SYSTEM IN ALL 50 STATES 4 (3rd ed. 2009). The poorest 20% of residents pay on average 13% of their total annual income towards taxes, whereas the middle 60% pay about 9.7% of their income towards taxes, and the top 1% pay about 4.9%. Id. at 42. Similarly, Illinois’ poorest residents tend to pay about five times as much of their annual income towards property taxes as the state’s wealthiest residents. Id.
98 See Karen Swenson, School Finance Reform Litigation: Why Are Some State Supreme Courts Activist and Others Restrained?, 63 ALB. L. REV. 1147, 1148 n. 9 (2000) (citing education clauses for all fifty states).
99 A fundamental goal of the People of the State is the educational development of all persons to the limits of their capacities.
ILL. CONST. art. X, § 1.
100 BURESH, supra note 2, at 34; ILL. CONST. art. X, § 1.
101 See Gershon M. Ratner, A New Legal Duty for Urban Public Schools: Effective Education in Basic Schools, 63 TEX. L. REV. 777, 814-16 (1985) (categorizing state education articles into four groups depending on the “strength” of their wording). The weakest provisions merely provide for system of “free” schools; most education articles contain this language. Id. at 815. The next strongest provisions contain some characterization of quality of the education system, typically “thorough and efficient.” Id. This language is used in the education articles of New Jersey, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, and many other states. Id. at 815 n.144. Still stronger are those that compel state legislatures to specifically provide for state education systems. Id. at 815-16. Finally, the strongest provisions include some language (such as “fundamental” or “paramount”) that makes education a top priority of state government. Id. at 816, 816 n.146. Washington, Maine, Michigan, and Illinois are some of the states in this final category. Id. at 816 n.146.
102 Several courts in other states have relied on the words “thorough and efficient,” or substantially similar language, to invalidate funding systems. See, e.g., Rose v. Council for Better Educ., Inc., 790 S. W.2d 186 (Ky. 1989); Abbott v. Burke, 575 A.2d 359 (N.J. 1990); Edgewood Indep. Sch. Dist. v. Kirby, 777 S.W.2d 391 (Tex. 1989); Pauley v. Kelly, 255 S.E.2d 859 (W. Va. 1979). But see Comm. for Educ. Rights v. Edgar, 672 N.E.2d 1178, 1191-94 (Ill. 1996) (discussing, unfavorably, cases in other states that have relied on this language to invalidate state funding systems).
103 See Hugh Dellios & Rick Pearson, School-Fund Question on Nov. 3 Ballot, CHI. TRIB. (May 1, 1992), http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1992-05-01/news/9202080590_1_state-income-tax-amendment-school-funding-task-force (summarizing generally the 1992 amendment referendum); Karwath & Christian, supra note 17 (discussing the failure of the amendment).
104 The Illinois House of Representatives voted 71-44 to include the referendum, including 61 Democratic and 10 Republican “yea” votes, but not before a post-debate fist-fight between downstate and suburban Chicago representatives. Dellios & Pearson, supra note 103. The tenor of the debate surrounding the amendment vote is illustrative of the politics involved in school funding reform. While pushes for reform are traditionally associated with larger urban districts—the plaintiffs in Edgar included Chicago Public Schools as well as districts located in Elgin and Rockford; the plaintiffs in Lewis E. were from East St. Louis—downstate Republicans also strongly supported the referendum. Id. This is because rural areas generally have low property values as well as high transportation costs for students living far from schools. See CTR. FOR TAX & BUDGET ACCOUNTABILITY, supra note 11, at 13-14 (noting the “stark” disparity in funding between wealthier school districts in the northern part of Illinois and poorer downstate districts south of Interstate 80). Thus, rural schools often suffer from the same sort of chronic underfunding typical of large, urban schools. See generally id. (noting that most downstate school districts are foundation formula districts). As one might expect, opposition to funding reform usually comes from wealthy districts that fear that any changes in the financing scheme would result in higher taxes that ultimately benefit poor districts and not their own. Dellios & Pearson, supra note 103.

matches:
§ 1
§ 1
v.
v.
v.
v.
v.