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cause for a new trial.
Neill, Justice Green, Justice Willett, and Justice Guzman joined, and in Part III of which Justice Wainwright joined.
testimony was reliable and therefore legally sufficient to support the plaintiffs’ verdict. 224 S.W.3d 870, 888.
or harmless. Accordingly, we reverse the court of appeals’s judgment and remand the cause for a new trial.
collision killed everyone in the Yukon except Hughes’s infant grandson.
and TXI.1 224 S.W.3d at 881.
defensively into the eastbound lane where the collision occurred.
is relevant when it assists the jury in determining an issue or in understanding other evidence. Tex. R. Evid.
57 (Tex. 1995) (discussing Tex. R. Evid. 702).
comports with the applicable professional standards.’” Helena Chem. Co. v. Wilkins, 47 S.W.3d 486, 499 (Tex.
cases like this to analyze whether the expert’s opinion actually fits the facts of the case. Volkswagen of Am., Inc.
significant analytical gaps in the expert’s opinion that undermine its reliability. Id.
Yukon’s direction, forcing the Yukon’s rear end to move clockwise and adopt the gravel truck’s trailer’s angle.
scrape marks before the Yukon re-entered the westbound lane.
with the second axle, assuming it took one-eighth of a second for its wheel damage to create the gouge mark.
been made eleven feet from the point of initial impact with the second axle.
created by the Yukon and angled in roughly the same direction as the gouge mark.
executed a dangerous steering maneuver likely resulting in a rollover or spillage that did not occur.
time estimates instead of physical data.
Marshek’s reliance on Rodriguez’s statements does not distort Rodriguez’s testimony. In City of Keller v.
inconsistency in Rodriguez’s testimony based on his review of the physical evidence.
Marshek’s use of Rodriguez’s testimony also did not violate accepted accident reconstruction protocol.
theory upon the witness’s testimony, but instead based it on other evidence.
at Painter’s use of a computer simulation, and its inability to consider the vehicles’ specific steering angles.
angle from the physical evidence and Rodriguez’s testimony.
opinion proffered.’” Ledesma, 242 S.W.3d at 39 (quoting Gen. Elec. Co. v. Joiner, 522 U.S. 136, 146 (1997)).
629 (citing Gammill, 972 S.W.2d at 728).
the manufacturer’s complaints about the expert testimony ultimately went to its weight and not its admissibility.
detached from the stub axle, the wheel was found under the rear wheel well after the accident. Id. at 902.
theory to any physical evidence in the case or to any tests or calculations prepared to substantiate his theory.
Antonio v. Pollock, 284 S.W.3d 809, 818 (Tex. 2009) (quoting Burrow v. Arce, 997 S.W.2d 229, 235 (Tex.
court therefore did not abuse its discretion by admitting the testimony.
questions on this subject prejudiced its defense and effectively denied it a fair trial.
or experience to safely operate a commercial vehicle. 49 C.F.R. §§ 383.23, 391.11(b)(2)–(7), 391.15.
investigate, screen, or supervise its [hirees] proximately caused the injuries the plaintiffs allege’”(quoting Doe v.
the entrustment or hiring to be negligent caused the accident at issue. Schneider, 744 S.W.2d at 597.
another employer, but not the employee’s proclivity for violence).
license created a foreseeable risk that Rodriguez would negligently drive the gravel truck.” 224 S.W.3d at 914.
relevant and was more prejudicial than probative.” Id. at 897 n.32. We fail to see the connection.
Rodriguez’s immigration status, or why extrinsic evidence was admitted on the subject.
party may not cross-examine a witness on a collateral matter, then contradict the witness’s answer”).
admit this evidence, it was not harmful. 224 S.W.3d at 897.
Fire Ins. Co. v. Reese, 584 S.W.2d 835, 841 (Tex. 1979)).
• was previously deported and ordered not to return to the United States for ten years.
misrepresentations were inflammatory and deliberately calculated to cause the jury to disbelieve Rodriguez.
him.” 224 S.W.3d at 931 (Gardner, J., dissenting). We agree.
have been at fault for the collision in his lane, but the issue was hotly contested.
trial court for a new trial.
Hughes has not appealed that decision. 224 S.W.3d at 917–18.
(6) the non-judicial uses which have been made of the theory or technique. Robinson, 923 S.W.2d at 557.
Hughes made her evasive steering decision, and he also noted a large ditch to Hughes’s right.
gravel truck crossing the center line and causing the accident.
if reasonable jurors could, and disregarding contrary evidence unless reasonable jurors could not.” 168 S.W.
credibility. Thus, by itself, such evidence is not admissible for impeachment purposes.”); First Am. Bank v. W.
F.2d 76, 79 (4th Cir. 1989) (accord).
outweighed by unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, and misleading of the jury”); Clemente v. State, 707 P.
that immigration status . . . is outweighed by any unfair prejudice”); Klapa v. O&Y Liberty Plaza Co., 645 N.Y.S.
inherent bias among certain segments of society against illegal immigrants.”); Romero v. Boyd Bros. Transp.
918–19 (Ill. App. Ct. 1992).

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Key text: “But because of his great love for us, God, who is rich in mercy, made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in transgressions — it is by grace you have been saved” (Ephesians 2:4-5).
Lesson objective: To understand that this world apart from God is under its own self-inflicted judgment of unbelief and our only ticket out is the way God planned it: salvation by God’s merciful divine grace through faith alone in the full merits of Christ.
Introduction: When one takes into account the world history of this present age, it can be summed up into the words “aggression and strife for survival!” Once we have experienced biological life, we can be certain that death will mark the next phase. At some point in the beginning, sin entered the world, and death has accompanied it ever since. Our physical and psychological natures have carried the infection from one generation to another and passed it on like a virus. The symptoms of a sinful nature are pride, self-centeredness, the inclination to esteem ourselves better than others, despising the imposition of God’s authority, and the inner drive to satisfy illicit passions and lust at the expense of ourselves and others. And, the most damaging tool of all is our deceptive ability to be in denial of our sinful ways and thus to rationalize our thoughts and behavior as appropriate and politically correct!
The consequences of sin are that the world (not God) views itself as severed in its relationship to God: 1) God has condemned the world for its rebellion. 2) Both Jews and Gentiles are today condemned to death on the account of sin, having been found worthy to receive God’s divine judgment. And 3), they are still legally and spiritually dead as far as God is concerned.
However, God in his love planned a way to save the world that “was” condemned (2:1-3). He has done so by providing atonement through his only Son and thus redeeming you and me. In this way, God declares us just, pardons our sins and grants us life on the basis of the righteousness of the One who died and rose on our behalf. The riches of God’s mercy and divine grace are shown in raising the spiritually dead to new life in Christ. Also, we will not only share in Christ’s heavenly enthronement in the future, but through our spiritual union we are already seated with him in the heavens (vv. 4-7)!
Salvation is a gift of God and appropriated by faith alone (vv. 8-9). In other words, the fact of a person being saved does not depend on what merits or works he or she has done, but by God freely giving salvation on account of the grace he gives to everyone, especially those who are willing to believe via the Holy Spirit. Salvation is a God-human relationship. God provides the personal and cognitive content of faith, as well as the will to believe, as a gift. Faith is not a work, but the God-sought response of accepting and receiving what God provides (Romans 4). What is meant by faith alone is simply believing that Christ’s redemption is more than enough for our salvation, without the need to add our own obedience or religious rituals.
This new relationship with God produces a new creation in us, that is, new life in Christ (v. 10). Our old sinful nature has been subdued by an all-new outlook on life with Jesus at the center of it. As a result of our new relationship with Jesus, we are to produce good works that are in accordance with God’s character and design. Although good works are never the basis or cause of our salvation (for the root is Christ), yet they are the fruit or result of our new covenant relationship with the risen Lord.
a. In this letter, who is Paul addressing? v. 1a. Note: Paul often distinguishes between himself and other Jews from Gentiles by the use of “we” and “you,” respectively.
b. What was the condition of the addressees at one time? v. 1b. Why was this so? What does Paul mean by “dead”? In what sense: 1) spiritually dead (meaning the annihilation of human free will); or 2) spiritually dead (meaning the corruption of free will, with a legal sentence of death imposed on account of sin)? Explain. See Colossians 2:13-14.
c. What manner of life did these Gentiles lead in the past? v. 2a. Who is this ruler that they followed? See 2 Corinthians 4:3-6.
d. Among whom does this “spirit” work? v. 2b. Do you think that the majority of his followers are consciously aware that they follow him? What do they think?
e. What does Paul mean by “all of us”? v. 3a. See Romans 3:9-10. Note: Here Paul is all-inclusive and means both Jews and Gentiles. In what manner did they once live? v. 3b. See Galatians 5:19-21. What about you? How did you once live?
f. What was their common lot with the rest of humanity? v. 3c. Why? See Romans 3:19-20.
a. What attribute within God moved him toward us? v. 4a. What other attribute of God do we desperately need? v. 4b. How much of this attribute does God have?
b. What has God done for us? v. 5a. See Luke 15:24; John 5:24. When did God bring us to life in Christ: when we are made ourselves perfect, or when we were yet sinners? See Romans 5:8.
c. How or through what means have we been saved? v. 5b. Explain and illustrate this great concept. Note: Even the most religious persons often fail to grasp its meaning!
d. What has God done for us in Christ? v. 6. How have we become partakers of his resurrection, ascension and session? Explain each of the three in theological terms. Can you grasp the enormity of our position in Christ? Explain what this means in our Christian walk.
e. What is it that God wants to demonstrate from this present age to the age to come (the resurrection age)? v. 7a. How has this been expressed, and through whom? v. 7b.
a. What emphasis regarding salvation is given here again? v. 8a. The grammatical tense of the word “saved” is in the past. Can you explain?
b. If God’s salvation is by grace, what is the human response to it called? v. 8b. What is “not of ourselves” — salvation itself or the response of faith? Note: The answer is salvation itself. Although faith is not a meritorious work, it is “our” response to God’s saving act in Christ. We do the believing. Yet even that is a gift of God. See Romans 4:1-7.
c. What is salvation called? v. 8c. Why? See Romans 3:22-24.
d. What is salvation definitely not by? v. 9a. See Acts 13:38-39; Galatians 2:16; Philippians 3:7-9; Titus 3:5. For what reason? v. 9b. See Romans 3:27-28.
e. As a result of God’s saving grace, what are we now? v. 10a. In whom are we newly created, and for what reason? v. 10b. Explain, and consult the Introduction. See 2 Corinthians 5:17; Galatians 6:14-15.
1. Describe to what depth human depravity can sink. Take into account some of humanity’s recent history: The Nazi-Jewish problem; Marxism in Central America; death squads in Latin America; Jewish-Palestinian conflict; genocide in Africa; the World Trade Center attack; wars in the Middle East; and Muslim terrorist organizations on a global scale.
2. As Christians with a higher calling and indebted to God’s saving grace, what do you think is the role of the church in today’s world? How do we reach out to a world in conflict?
This world seems to be spinning as fast as it can away from God and toward its own destruction. Nevertheless, God’s love has found a way from the despair of death to the joy of the gift of life in Christ. Saved by divine grace!

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'Shine Muscat' is a diploid table grape cultivar which is a hybrid between Akitsu-21 and Hakunan. It was registered as No.13,891 under the Seed and Seedlings Law of Japan in 2006. It has large yellow-green berries, crisp flesh texture, muscat flavor, high soluble solids concentration and low acidity, which make them to be popular in Taiwan. However, the plant displayed transplanting leaf deformation, leaf curl and chlorotic mottle during cultivating in field which may be due to virus infection. Thus, the objectives of this study were utilized plant tissue culture to establish plantlet in vitro which offer thermotherapy combined with shoot tip culture to eliminate of virus-infected plant. After treatment, the specific virus-free health seedling can be derived, exploited for rapid multiplication and produced health seedling of this plant cultivar. Furthermore, the use of chemical forcing without scarification methods to reaserch in best commercial production of 'Shine Muscat' Grape. The axillary bud explants took from greenhouse and the field were sterilized in 1% NaOCl for 7、8、9、10 and 15, cultured on medium duration 30 days, the survival percentage was the highest, and the contamination percentage was decreased of the explants in greenhouse were sterilized for 10 min. The survival and contamination percentage were showed better of the explants in the field were sterilized for 10 or 15 min. In addition, the browning number was the most of the explants in greenhouse were sterilized for 15 min. Dissected new shoots were cultured on the half strength of MS medium contains 0、0.1、1、0.2、2 mg/L IBA, supplemented with 2 mg/L IBA were getting better of rooting percentage、root number and root length on the 30th day after culture. Instead of supplemented with 0.1 mg/L IBA were getting decreased of rooting percentage. A high survival rate of in vitro-shoot tip of 90% was achieved by thermotherapy at 37°C for 30、35、40 and 45 days, regeneration efficacy and survival rate of subculture every four weeks were decreased of the explants were treatment for 30 days.It is presumed that the explants were subcultured only one time before treatment, have not recover its enough juvenility yet, and caused browning degree of shoot tip much severity after heat stress. The result of 100% GLRaV-3 virus elimination of plantlet in vitro after different treatment day. The use of 2-chloroethanol、hydrogen cyanamide、distilled water without scarification methods to carry out bud forcing, the budbreak was the highest, budbreak uniformity, and the shoot length did not very significantly by 2-chloroethanol. Besides, the time of budbreak was the earliest of hydrogen cyanamide, but the budbreak was lower than 2-chloroethanol treatment. It is presumed that hydrogen cyanamide was able to activate Ca2+-ATPase, and calcium was played a role in signal transduction on release dormancy. Furthermore, the concentrations of calcium and boron on 'Shine Muscat' canes were less than 'Kyoho' and 'Honey Red', maybe 'Shine Muscat' is easy cultivar to absence of calcium. The concentrations of manganese and calcium/boron ratio on 'Shine Muscat' leaves without inflorescence were significantly higher than with inflorescence. It is presumed that there was a nutrient-competed relationship between the development of inflorescence and the growth of leaf in new shoot, no time enough be carried out to distribute or transport, and caused 'Shine Muscat' plant displayed leaf deformation、leaf curl and chlorotic mottle during growing season.

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Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans. Under ERISA, qualified pension and profit sharing plans are non-assignable, other than a transfer to an "alternate payee" by a "qualified domestic relations order" or ("QDRO"). Subsection (p) of Internal Revenue Code §414 defines what constitutes a "qualified domestic relations order." Pension plan distributions are taxable to the distributee. An alternate payee who is a spouse or former spouse is the "distributee" who is taxable when he or she receives benefit payments from his or her share of the plan.
Among other things, a QDRO must be issued pursuant to the state domestic relations law and must identify the alternate payee, the plan and the portion of the benefit under the plan that is to be transferred to the alternate payee.
If, for some reason (such as the death of the participant) another person (such as a new spouse) becomes entitled to the benefit before the QDRO is issued and delivered to the plan, the former spouse may lose his or her share of the benefits, despite his or her community property interest in the plan. Too often, the preparation of the QDRO is left to the end of the marital dissolution case and the QDRO expert has difficulty getting issues resolved (including issues with the employer and plan administrator) that could have been resolved earlier in the case. The QDRO preparer must become familiar with the terms of the particular plan, the benefits of the participant under the plan, and the plan's QDRO procedures.
Dealing with foreign employee benefit plans adds complexity because the tax and benefit rules of both countries and the treaties between them must be considered.
Individual Retirement Accounts. IRA's are generally governed by Internal Revenue Code §408 and are generally nontransferable without serious tax consequences (including a 10% penalty). However, with the right kind of written instrument an IRA may be transferred to a former spouse incident to divorce. See IRC §408(d)(6). The IRA custodian may have special procedures it will insist be followed.
Stock Options. Stock options come in two basic kinds: nonqualified stock options (NQO's) Treas. Regs. §1.83-7 and incentive stock options (ISO's) Internal Revenue Code §422. ISO's and NQO's have significantly different tax consequences on exercise, both for regular tax and alternative minimum tax purposes. ISO's are nontransferable (IRC §422(b)(5)) but NQO's may be transferable if the employer agrees. Howevever, stock received on the exercise of an ISO may be transferred to a former spouse without causing a "disqualifying disposition" that triggers ordinary income. See IRC §424(c)(4). In private ruling that Don Read obtained for California clients in 2005 (PLR 200519011) and 2007 (200737009) the IRS ruled that the nonemployee former spouse is taxable on his or her community property share of ISO and NQO income even if the options have not actually been transferred from the employee to the nonemployee former spouse. Unfortunately, only the taxpayer to whom a private ruling is issued is allowed to rely on it; and employers will report all the income on the employee's W-2 if the options are not actually transferred, so special adjustments have to be made on the former spouse's tax returns.
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation. Some retirement plans are nonqualified and not subject to the QDRO rules. Nonetheless, it may be possible to cause a non-employee former spouse to be taxable on his or her share of the income from the nonqualified plan. See Revenue Ruling 2002-22. Restricted stock and stock appreciation rights (SAR's) and performance shares are types of nonqualified deferred compensation to which these rules may apply. Caution is required to make sure that the rules of Internal Revenue Code §409A are complied with so that the penalty tax and retroactive high-rate interest imposed by that section will not be incurred.