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The first, Klebsiella variicola, was proposed for strains isolated from plants (banana, rice, sugar cane, and maize) and human clinical samples based on DNA-DNA hybridization, sequencing of six genes, and phenotypic properties. The inherent difficulties in identification and separation of Klebsiella (and Raoultella) species, both in the past and the present, have made interpretation of clinical and environmental epidemiologic data of the genera difficult. Most Klebsiella and Raoultella species can be isolated from diverse mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, and environmental sources. In nosocomial infections, catheterization is believed to be an important factor in the incidence and spread of strains. This chapter talks about laboratory identification that includes isolation, biochemical methods, biotyping and immunodiagnostics. As with other pathogenic bacteria, virulence in Klebsiella is both multifactorial and complex, and the virulence factors produced may vary depending upon the site of the infection. If agglutination is inhibited by D-mannose, the adhesins are classified as mannose-sensitive hemagglutinins (MSHA) or mannose resistant. In six antimicrobial resistance prevalence studies published between 2001 and 2004 from Europe and North America, ranges of susceptibility were as follows: ceftazidime, 92 to 95%; ceftriaxone, 96 to 98%; cefotaxime, 96%; cefepime, 97 to 98%; ciprofloxacin, 93 to 95%; piperacillin-tazobactam, 90 to 97%; imipenem, 98 to 100%; gentamicin, 95 to 96%; amikacin, 98 to 99%; and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (SXT), 88 to 90%.
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On appeal, Gasperini raised several challenges to his conviction, many of which the Court disposed of in an accompanying summary order. In this published opinion, the Court rejected three remaining challenges: (1) that the CFAA is unconstitutionally vague; (2) that the district court should have suppressed evidence collected from foreign systems and by Italian law enforcement; and (3) that the district court improperly allowed prosecutors to introduce screenshots from the Internet Archive.
Gasperini claimed that the district court should have suppressed two categories of evidence collected abroad.
First, Gasperini claimed that warrants issued to various third-parties pursuant to the Stored Communications Act (“SCA”), 18 U.S.C. § 2701 et seq., were impermissibly extraterritorial based on the Second Circuit’s 2016 Microsoft decision (which was subsequently vacated by the Supreme Court as moot due to the government obtaining a new warrant under the later-enacted CLOUD Act). Even assuming, arguendo, that the legal analysis in Microsoft was still correct, and that some of the data collected through the SCA warrants was located abroad, the Court nevertheless rejected Gasperini’s argument that such evidence should have been suppressed. Rather, the Court explained, Gasperini’s challenges were statutory in nature, not constitutional, and the SCA explicitly limits the relief available for any statutory violation to various civil action remedies such as damages and associated legal costs. Accordingly, even if foreign data was collected in violation the SCA, such a violation did not warrant suppressing it in Gasperini’s criminal trial. The Court explained in a footnote that five other Circuit courts have ruled likewise with respect to the unavailability of suppression as a remedy for a nonconstitutional violation of the SCA.
Second, Gasperini argued that the District Court should have suppressed evidence collected from his home by Italian law enforcement officers. According to Gasperini, since those searches were conducted at the request of U.S. law enforcement, they should have been subject to the U.S. constitutional protections of the Fourth Amendment. The Court disagreed, explaining that foreign agents are rendered “virtual agents” of U.S. law enforcement (such that U.S. constitutional protections apply) only if the U.S. agents “directed” or “controlled” the foreign agents’ conduct. This standard was not met by the mere “request” by U.S. law enforcement for a search, which was then executed by Italian officials pursuant to Italian law.
Gasperini claimed that the District Court erred by permitting prosecutors to introduce into evidence historical screenshots of various websites, which had been collected from the “Internet Archive”—also known as the “Wayback Machine.” Gasperini challenged the evidence for lack of authentication, pointing to a 2009 summary order in which the Court upheld the exclusion of Wayback Machine screenshots in a civil trial (based on an abuse of discretion standard). See Novak v. Tucows, Inc., 330 F. App’x. 204 (2d Cir. 2009). However, unlike in that case, during Gasperini’s trial the government called a witness from the Internet Archive to lay a foundation for the screenshots as business records, and that witness was available to Gasperini for cross examination. Accordingly, the District Court here did not abuse its discretion by admitting those screenshots into evidence.
This short opinion breaks no new ground, but nonetheless raises some issues that will no doubt recur as there are instances of alleged computer hacking that can only be prosecuted with cross-border coordination. The Fourth Amendment ruling is consistent with a long-standing body of law about the applicability of the Fourth Amendment to evidence gathered by foreign law enforcement. See, e.g., United States v. Lee, 723 F.3d 134, 139 (2d Cir. 2013) (holding that so long as U.S. agents did not control or direct the search, the government may obtain and use at trial information gathered by foreign police even if “procedures followed in securing it did not fully comply with our nation's constitutional requirements”) (quotation and citation omitted).
By contrast, last year, in United States v. Allen, 864 F.3d 63, 101 (2d Cir. 2017), the Second Circuit held that the Fifth Amendment’s prohibition on the use of compelled testimony in American criminal proceedings does apply even when a foreign sovereign has compelled the testimony. The Fifth Amendment right against compelled self-incrimination “appl[ies] in American courtrooms even when the defendant’s testimony was compelled by foreign officials.” Allen, 864 F.3d at 82. If the Fifth Amendment restricts the use of evidence obtained by foreign officials, why shouldn’t the Fourth Amendment operate likewise? Courts have explained that this difference arises out of the purpose of the exclusionary rule. It is meant to deter Fourth Amendment violations, and foreign police—who are not restricted by the Fourth Amendment—are not likely to be deterred by a ruling in the United States. United States v. Lee, 723 F.3d at 139.
The Court’s ruling on the vagueness of the CFAA was not surprising given the procedural posture and underlying conduct in this case. However, other provisions in the CFAA—such as the term “exceeds authorized access”—have led the Circuit to apply the rule of lenity and to give the statute a more narrowly circumscribed interpretation. See United States v. Valle, 807 F.3d 508, 528 (2d Cir. 2015). Acting out of a concern that the CFAA needs to be “applied consistently by attorneys for the government,” the Department of Justice has also promulgated guidelines concerning how and when prosecutors should use the CFAA. DOJ, “Intake and Charging Policy for Computer Crime Matters,” (Sept. 11, 2014), found at https://www.eff.org/document/doj-cfaa-charging-memo-2014. Although the facts alleged here were within the heartland of what the CFAA is meant to prohibit, the Court left open the possibility that some future case might raise a meritorious challenge to this complicated statute.


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[301 U.S. 158, 159] Mr. Reynolds Robertson, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
Certiorari was granted to determine important questions which have arisen in the administration of the Criminal Appeals Rules promulgated May 7, 1934. 28 U.S.C.A. following section 723a; 292 U.S. p. 660 et seq.
Petitioner was convicted of violation of the mail fraud and conspiracy statutes. His timely appeal was taken on June 30, 1936. Within thirty days thereafter the trial judge extended the time to file a bill of exceptions to and including November 1, 1936, which was a Sunday. The trial had been long and the testimony was voluminous. On October 20, 1936, after unsuccessful efforts to obtain an agreement as to the condensation of the evidence, petitioner applied to the trial judge for an extension of time to settle and file the bill of exceptions. As it was found that the trial judge was without authority to grant that extension, petitioner sought an extension [301 U.S. 158, 160] from the Circuit Court of Appeals, but his motion was denied on October 27th. He then asked the trial judge to settle the stenographer's minutes as the bill of exceptions. That motion was first denied on October 29th, but on the following day the trial judge expressed his willingness to receive a similar application if the colloquy of counsel was stricken from the transcript, that application to be made on Monday, November 2d. On that day the bill of exceptions, so prepared, was settled and filed. On November 16, 1936, the government moved to docket and dismiss the appeal upon the ground that petitioner had failed to comply with rules 8 and 9 of the Criminal Appeals Rules (28 U.S.C.A. following section 723a). The motion was granted. Petitioner asked for a rehearing and was heard. Insisting that it was impossible within the allotted time to set forth the evidence in condensed and narrative form, petitioner requested the Circuit Court of Appeals to exercise its discretionary power under rule 9 to the end that the defect in the bill of exceptions might be cured. That request was made simultaneously with the motion to dismiss. It appears to have been treated as a motion to amend the record and it was denied. The court took the view that as, by the assignment of errors filed with the bill of exceptions, the question was raised as to the sufficiency of the evidence to support the conviction, it was necessary under the rule that the evidence should be properly presented in condensed and narrative form. The court held that the time for the settlement of the bill of exceptions could not be enlarged, and that if the bill were returned to the trial judge he would be powerless to correct, amend or resettle it as the time for such action had expired.
Finally the court decided that petitioner was inexcusably delinquent. The court said: 'This appellant had four months v. United States (C.C.A. 8th) 84 F. (2d) delinquency. The bill of exceptions was insufficient.' [301 U.S. 158, 161] The motion to amend the record was denied and the motion to dismiss the appeal was granted. 86 F.(2d) 942, 944.
The government argues that this rule refers to a 'computation,' as where the extension is for a certain term or period, and not to a case where a specific date is fixed. The latter case is said to lie outside the rule and we are referred to various decisions which are deemed to furnish analogies for our guidance in reaching a conclusion upon a point left open. But there appears to be no reason why rule 13 should be so narrowly construed. The phrase 'For the purpose of computing time' was plainly intended to be of general application and 'computing' naturally embraces whatever reckoning is necessary to fix the time allowed. When a specific date is fixed and that date falls on Sunday or a holiday, the rule for the reckoning requires that that day be excluded and hence the bill of exceptions, in this case, apart from other questions, was settled and filed in time.
The rule presupposes that the trial judge, who is familiar with the proceedings on the trial, is in a position to estimate the length of time that is necessary for the preparation and filing of the bill of exceptions, and he is permitted within thirty days after the taking of the appeal to fix that time. That is the limit of his authority,1 save as he may act under the direction of the Circuit Court of Appeals. But, while this limit is placed upon [301 U.S. 158, 163] the power of the trial judge, the Criminal Appeals Rules give full authority to the Circuit Court of Appeals to set aside or modify his order whenever it appears that there has been an abuse of discretion or that the interests of justice require it.
'From the time of the filing with its clerk of the duplicate notice of appeal, the appellate court shall, subject to these rules, have supervision and control of the proceedings on the appeal, including the proceedings relating to the preparation of the record on appeal.
These provisions are comprehensive. The clause that the appellate court's supervision and control shall be [301 U.S. 158, 164] 'subject to these rules' refers to the rules governing the action of the appellate court. To make effective this supervision and control, any matter requiring correction may be brought before the appellate court upon the short notice of five days. Thus there may be not only a motion to dismiss the appeal but 'for directions to the trial court' and 'to vacate or modify any order made by the trial court or by any judge in relation to the prosecution of the appeal.' As the supervision and control of the proceedings on the appeal expressly embraces the proceedings 'relating to the preparation of the record on appeal,' it cannot be said that an order made by the trial judge fixing the time for the settlement and filing of a bill of exceptions is excluded. It is, of course, assumed that the Circuit Court of Appeals will not lightly interfere with the action of the trial judge. But the rules appropriately provide for the correction of any miscarriage of justice in this respect, and the lodging of the supervision and control with the appellate court gives the highest assurance that on the one hand the action of the trial judge will not be interfered with unnecessarily and on the other that neither party will be remediless when corrective action is required. For example, it may clearly appear on a showing by the government that the time allowed by the trial judge for the filing of a bill of exceptions is altogether too long and that, in the interests of a reasonably prompt disposition of the appeal, it should be shortened; or it may clearly appear that the time allowed is unreasonably short and that justice requires that an extension should be granted. To give a desirable flexibility, the rules do not attempt to lay down specific requirements to meet various situations but place upon the Circuit Court of Appeals full responsibility for the exercise of a reasonable control over all proceedings pertaining to the appeal and all the orders of the trial court or judge in that relation.
'Bills of exceptions shall conform to the provisions of Rule 8 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States.
'Upon the filing of the bill of exceptions and assignment of errors, the clerk of the trial court shall forthwith transmit them, together with such matters of record as are pertinent to the appeal, with his certificate, to the clerk of the appellate court, and the papers so forwarded shall constitute the record on appeal.
The authority of the Circuit Court of Appeals thus extends to the 'correction, amplification, or reduction' of the record on appeal of which the bill of exceptions is a part. The appellate court is authorized to require a proper bill of exceptions and to give any directions to the trial court or trial judge that may be necessary to attain that end.
'Only so much of the evidence shall be embraced in a bill of exceptions as may be necessary to present clearly the questions of law involved in the rulings to which exceptions are reserved, and such evidence as is embraced therein shall be set forth in condensed and narrative form, save as a proper understanding of the questions presented may require that parts of it be set forth otherwise.' See Equity Rule 75(b ), 226 U.S. Appendix, p. 23, as amended, 286 U.S. 570 , 28 U.S.C.A. following section 723. [301 U.S. 158, 166] Under Equity Rule 75(b) we have held that the Circuit Court of Appeals is authorized, when a bill of exceptions is presented to it showing that the requirement for condensation or narration has been transgressed, to remit the transcript to the District Court so that a further opportunity may be had to comply with the Equity Rule. We also said that, in such a remission, care should be taken to require that the proceedings under the rule be conducted with reasonable dispatch. Barber Asphalt Paving Co. v. Standard A. & R. Co., 275 U.S. 372, 387 , 48 S.Ct. 183, 188. In that case this court concluded that the Circuit Court of Appeals had passed the bounds of sound discretion in affirming the decree appealed from, because of the violation of the Equity Rule, and upon proper terms, should have remitted the transcript to the District Court for appropriate revision. Nothing in the Criminal Appeals Rules, in incorporating the requirement of Rule 8 of the Rules of this Court, deprives the Circuit Court of Appeals of like authority in dealing with bills of exceptions in criminal cases. On the contrary, rule 9 gives to the Circuit Court of Appeals that authority. The ruling in the instant case that the trial judge could 'no longer act to put the evidence in narrative form' and that the appellate court had 'no power to order him to do so' is erroneous. The trial judge could act under the direction of the appellate court and that court could give whatever direction the case required in order to give effect to the rule as to the proper preparation of the bill of exceptions.
[ Footnote 1 ] See White v. United States (C.C.A.4th) 80 F.(2d) 515, 516; Yep v. United States (C.C.A.10th) 81 F.(2d) 637; United States v. Adamowicz (C.C. A.2d) 82 F. (2d) 288; Gallagher v. United States (C.C.A.8th) 82 F.(2d) 721; Wolpa v. United States (C.C.A.8th) 84 F.(id) 829; Cusamano v. United States (C.C.A.8th) 85 F. (2d) 132; Spero v. United States (C.C.A.8th) 85 F.( 2d) 134; Slade v. United States (C.C.A.10th) 85 F.(2d) 786; Cary v. United States (C.C.A.9th) 86 F.(2d) 461; St. Charles v. United States (C.C.A.9th) 86 F.(id) 463; Goddard v. United States (C.C.A.10th) 86 F.(2d) 884; In re Lee (C.C.A.5th) 87 F.(2d) 142; Wainer v. United States (C.C.A.7th) 87 F.( 2d) 77; Fitzpatrick v. United States (C.C.A.7th) 87 F.(2d) 471; Miller v. United States (C.C.A.9th) 88 F.(2d) 102; Hightower v. United States (C.C.A. 9th) 88 F.(2d) 302; Young v. United States (C.C.A.10th) 88 F.(2d) 305. Compare Fierman v. United States (C.C.A.3d) 84 F. (2d) 968.

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Present: Coven, P.J., Crane & Flynn, JJ.
Craig J. Tiedemann and Ludovino Gardini for the plaintiff.
Patrick P. MacDonald for the defendants.
COVEN, P.J. This appeal arises from a claim under the Massachusetts Wage Act, G.L. c. 149, § 148, and the Fair Minimum Wage Law, G.L. c. 151, § 1A, for overtime wages. The court awarded damages, interest, and attorney's fees in the amount of $66,163.81. Claiming the plaintiff was an independent contractor and not an employee, CRL, Inc. and Umberto Celiberti (collectively, defendant) have appealed.
Defendant's business consists of small general contracting projects, excavation, construction, and framing. Plaintiff has no formal certification in construction. He worked for the defendant six days a week for ten hours each day from 2009 to 2014. Celiberti monitored the hours he worked. Celiberti gave direct orders to the plaintiff each day, telling him where he needed to be and what he needed to do. Plaintiff would remain on the job until he was picked up by Celiberti or Celiberti's father to be driven home.
For the first year of work, the defendant paid the plaintiff $12.00 per hour, but after the first year began paying him a fixed salary of $650.00 without any notice of the change.
A witness testified that he had previously worked for the defendant for approximately four years and, like the plaintiff, was paid in cash with no W-9 or W-2. He further testified that he witnessed the plaintiff working for the defendant and saw him at different job sites in Boston, Newton, and Charlestown. Another witness also testified to working for the defendant for five months and was paid in cash. He stated that the plaintiff began working for the defendant about four months after him and that he witnessed the plaintiff complete construction and demolition work.
to an employer as an employee, rather than as an independent contractor, fall within the protection of G.L. c. 149 and G.L. c. 151, § 1A. Id. at 589.
General Laws c. 149, § 148B establishes a standard to determine whether an individual performing services for another shall be deemed an employee or an independent contractor for purposes of G.L. c. 149 and G.L. c. 151. Somers, supra at 588-589. The employer bears the burden of proof and must prove three criteria by a preponderance of the evidence to establish that the individual in question is an independent contractor. Id. at 589. To determine whether a worker is an employee or independent contractor, the statute states that "an individual performing any service, except as authorized under this chapter, shall be considered to be an employee under those chapters unless: (1) the individual is free from control and direction in connection with the performance of the service, both under his contract for the performance of service and in fact; and (2) the service is performed outside the usual course of the business of the employer; and, (3) the individual is customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation, profession or business of the same nature as that involved in the service performed." G.L. c. 149, § 148B(a). Under the statute, "Any entity and the president and treasurer of a corporation and any officer or agent having the management of the corporation or entity shall be liable for violations of this section." Id. at § 148B(d). Celiberti is the sole officer and director of CRL. Thus, pursuant to the statute, the plaintiff was authorized to seek damages against both the corporation and Celiberti.
The findings of the trial judge with regard to those questions of fact are to be accepted unless found to be clearly erroneous. [Note 2] The judge made sufficient findings based on the evidence as to each of the statutory requirements.
Celiberti's father to be brought home. [Note 3] The defendant had complete control over plaintiff's work, location, and hours. Sebago v. Boston Cab Dispatch, Inc., 471 Mass. 321, 332 (2015).
As to the question of whether the service is performed outside the defendant employer's usual course of business, the court can assess the usual course of business based on the employer's definition of its business and whether the service the individual is performing is necessary to the business of the employing unit or merely incidental. Carey v. Gatehouse Media Mass. I, Inc., 92 Mass. App. Ct. 801, 805, 807-808 (2018). However, the employer cannot alter its definition of its usual course of business to try to invoke the independent contractor statute. Id. at 806 n.9. The services provided by the plaintiff were directly necessary to the work of the defendant and not merely incidental to the business.
The third element of the statutory scheme is whether the plaintiff was customarily engaged in an independently established trade or business. The question is whether the worker is capable of performing the service to anyone or, conversely, whether the nature of the business compels the worker to depend on a single employer for the continuation of the services. Sebago, supra at 336. There is no evidence to suggest that the plaintiff was capable of performing his services to anyone other than the defendant, and the plaintiff was dependant on this single employer for the continuation of work. Plaintiff worked for the defendant six days a week for ten hours a day for five years. Plaintiff has no formal certification in construction and does not have a specific, independently established business or trade. Rather, he did whatever work was required by the defendant and was dependent on the defendant to continue working.
The trial court's findings and conclusions are clearly supported by the evidence. However, it is unclear whether this case was decided under the Wage Act or the Fair Minimum Wage Law. Under either statute, the court must award treble damages and attorney's fees upon finding a violation. Here, the trial judge awarded double damages and attorney's fees. The matter is returned to the trial court for the entry of treble damages. Otherwise, the judgment is affirmed.
Plaintiff may file an appropriate motion in this Appellate Division for additional attorney's fees incurred in this appeal, Fabre v. Walton, 441 Mass. 9, 10 (2004), within fourteen days of the date of this opinion. Defendants shall have fourteen days thereafter to respond.
[Note 2] "'A finding is "clearly erroneous" when although there is evidence to support it, the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.' Springgate v. School Comm. of Mattapoisett, 11 Mass. App. Ct. 304, 309-310 (1981), quoting United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 333 U.S. 364, 395 (1948). Moreover, 'in applying the "clearly erroneous" standard, [Mass. R. Civ. P.] 52(a) requires that "due regard shall be given to the opportunity of the trial court to judge the credibility of the witnesses."' Demoulas v. Demoulas Super Mkts., Inc., 424 Mass. 501, 509 (1997). Therefore, 'so long as the judge's account is plausible in light of the entire record, an appellate court should decline to reverse it.' Id. at 510." Crown v. Kobrick Offshore Fund, Ltd., 85 Mass. App. Ct. 214, 224 (2014). "In applying the clearly erroneous standard, due deference must be given to the trial judge's firsthand view of the evidence and better position from which to assess its weight and, particularly, its credibility." Porcaro v. O'Rourke, 2008 Mass. App. Div. 218, 221, quoting Davis v. Davis, 2007 Mass. App. Div. 123, 125.
[Note 3] The fact that the plaintiff had to have a friend inform defendant that he would not be coming to work due to an injury implies that there was an expectation that he would be present for work every day and that he needed to get permission to miss work.


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We at CoachHub are committed to the highest level of confidentiality and the protection of the personal data entrusted to us, some of which is very personal. We only process personal data of our users (i.e. customers, coaches, coachees and visitors of the website/app and other users) as far as this is necessary to provide a functional website or application as well as our contents and services. The processing of personal data of our users takes place regularly only after consent of the user. An exception applies in those cases in which it is not possible to obtain prior consent for actual reasons and the processing of the data is permitted by statutory regulations.
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– General data (e.g., person data, names or addresses).
Visitors and users of the platform (hereinafter referred to collectively as “users").
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“Personal data" means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (hereinafter “data subject"); a natural person who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, online identifier (e.g. a cookie) or to one or more specific characteristics which express the physical, physiological, genetic, mental, economic, cultural or social identity of that natural person, is regarded as identifiable.
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If users do not wish cookies to be stored on their computer, they are asked to deactivate the corresponding option in the system settings of their browser. Stored cookies can be deleted in the system settings of the browser. The exclusion of cookies can lead to functional limitations of this platform.
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If required by law or for the performance of the contract, we disclose or transmit the client’s data within the scope of communication with other specialists, as necessary for the performance of the contract or typically involved third parties, insofar as this is necessary for the provision of our services pursuant to Art. 6 para. 1 lit b. GDPR serves, legally according to Art. 6 para. 1 lit c. GDPR or within the framework of a consent pursuant to Art. 6 para. 1 lit. a., Art. 7 GDPR.
In order to run our business economically, to be able to recognise market trends, wishes of our contractual partners and users, we analyse the data available to us on business transactions, contracts, enquiries, etc., in order to identify the most suitable and appropriate solutions for your needs. We process inventory data, communication data, contract data, payment data, usage data, metadata on the basis of Art. 6 para. 1 lit. f. GDPR, whereby the persons concerned include contractual partners, interested parties, customers, visitors and users of our platform.
The analyses are carried out for the purpose of economic evaluations, marketing and market research. We can consider the profiles of the registered users with information, e.g. about their used services. The analyses serve us to increase user friendliness, to optimise our range of services and to improve business efficiency. The analyses serve us alone and are not disclosed externally unless they are anonymous analyses with summarized values.
We process the applicant data only for the purpose and within the framework of the application procedure in accordance with the legal requirements. The processing of the applicant data is carried out to fulfil our (pre)contractual obligations within the scope of the application procedure in the sense of Art. 6 Para. 1 lit. b. GDPR Art. 6 para. 1 lit. f. GDPR insofar as data processing becomes necessary for us, e.g. within the framework of legal proceedings (in Germany, § 26 BDSG additionally applies).
Insofar as special categories of personal data within the meaning of Art. 9 para. 1 GDPR are voluntarily disclosed in the application process, their processing is also carried out in accordance with Art. 9 para. 2 lit. b GDPR (e.g. health data, such as severely disabled status or ethnic origin). Insofar as special categories of personal data within the meaning of Art. 9 para. 1 GDPR are requested from applicants as part of the application procedure, their processing is also carried out in accordance with Art. 9 para. 2 lit. a GDPR (e.g. health data if these are necessary for the exercise of a profession).
Applicants can also send us their applications by e-mail. Please note, however, that e-mails are generally not sent in encrypted form and that the applicants themselves must ensure that they are encrypted. We therefore cannot assume any responsibility for the transmission path of the application between the sender and the reception on our server and therefore recommend using an online form or postal dispatch. Instead of applying using the online form and e-mail, applicants still have the option of sending their application by post.
Subject to a justified revocation by the applicant, deletion will take place after a period of six months so that we can answer any follow-up questions regarding the application and meet our obligations to provide evidence under the Equal Treatment Act. Invoices for any reimbursement of travel expenses will be archived in accordance with the provisions of tax law.
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The application documents in the talent pool will be processed solely within the framework of future job advertisements and the employee search and will be destroyed at the latest after the deadline. Applicants are informed that their consent to inclusion in the Talent Pool is voluntary, has no influence on the current application procedure and that they can revoke this consent at any time for the future and declare objections within the meaning of Art. 21 DSGVO.
(5) Objectives for coaching, selected development areas and progress, as well as further information on intercation and the coaching program.
Your consent will be obtained for the processing of your data during the registration process and reference will be made to this data protection declaration. The data will not be passed on to third parties in this context. The data will be used exclusively for the processing of the coaching program.
The legal basis for the processing of the data is Art. 6 para. 1 lit. a GDPR if the user has given his consent. The processing of personal data from the individual coaching area serves us solely to enable a functioning coaching platform and to process the coaching program. The registration for the coaching program also includes the necessary justified interest in the processing of the data.
The data will be deleted as soon as they are no longer necessary to achieve the purpose for which they were collected. For the personal data from the individual coaching area, this is the case when the coaching program with the user has ended. The coaching program is terminated when it can be inferred from the circumstances that the coaching has been completed and a new start or continuation will not take place.
The user has the possibility to revoke his consent to the processing of personal data at any time. In such a case, the coaching program cannot be continued. You have to send an email to us. All personal data stored in the course of the coaching programme will be deleted in this case.
When contacting us (e.g. via contact form, e-mail, telephone or via social media), the user’s details are used to process the contact enquiry and to process it in accordance with Art. 6 Para. 1 lit. b. of the German Data Protection Act. (within the framework of contractual/pre-contractual relationships), Art. 6 Para. 1 lit. f. (other inquiries) GDPR processed. The user data can be stored in a customer relationship management system (“CRM system") or comparable inquiry organization.
We use the CRM system of the provider HubSpot , Inc., 25 First Street, 2nd Floor, Cambridge, MA 02141 USA in order to be able to process user requests faster and more efficiently (justified interest according to Art. 6 Para. 1 lit. f. GDPR).
HubSpot is certified under the Privacy Shield Agreement and thus offers an additional guarantee to comply with European data protection law if data is processed in the USA (https://www.privacyshield.gov/participant?id=a2zt0000000TN8pAAG).
HubSpot uses user data only for the technical processing of inquiries and does not pass them on to third parties. In order to use HubSpot, at least a correct e-mail address must be provided. A pseudonymous use is possible. In the course of processing service requests, it may be necessary to collect further data (name, address).
If users do not agree with data collection and data storage in HubSpot’s external system, we offer them alternative contact options for submitting service requests by e-mail, telephone, fax or post, but cannot guarantee the usability of our platform.
Content of the newsletter: We send newsletters, e-mails and other electronic notifications containing advertising information (hereinafter “newsletter") only with the consent of the recipient or a legal permission. If the contents of the newsletter are specifically described within the scope of registration, they are decisive for the consent of the user. In addition, our newsletters contain information about our services and us.
The dispatch of the newsletter and the performance measurement associated with it are based on the consent of the recipients pursuant to Art. 6 para. 1 lit. a, Art. 7 GDPR in conjunction with § 7 para. 2 no. 3 UWG or, if consent is not required, on our legitimate interests in direct marketing pursuant to Art. 6 para. 1 as per f. GDPR in connection with § 7 Abs. 3 UWG.
The newsletters contain a so-called “web-beacon", i.e. a file the size of a pixel, which is retrieved from our server when the newsletter is opened or, if we use a dispatch service provider, from its server. Within the scope of this retrieval, technical information such as information about the browser and your system, as well as your IP address and time of retrieval are first collected.
This information is used for the technical improvement of the services on the basis of technical data or target groups and their reading behaviour on the basis of their retrieval points (which can be determined with the help of the IP address) or access times. Statistical surveys also include determining whether newsletters are opened, when they are opened and which links are clicked. For technical reasons, this information can be assigned to the individual newsletter recipients. It is, however, neither our endeavour nor, if used, that of the dispatch service provider to observe individual users. The evaluations serve us much more to recognize the reading habits of our users and to adapt our contents to them or to send different contents according to the interests of our users.
The hosting services used by us serve the provision of the following services: Infrastructure and platform services, computing capacity, storage space and database services, e-mail dispatch, security services and technical maintenance services which we use for the purpose of operating this platform.
Here we, or our hosting provider, process inventory data, contact data, content data, contract data, usage data, meta and communication data of customers, interested parties and visitors to this platform on the basis of our legitimate interests in the efficient and secure provision of this platform pursuant to Art. 6 Para. 1 lit. f GDPR in connection with Art. 28 GDPR (conclusion of an order processing contract).
Google will use this information on our behalf in order to evaluate the use of our platform by users, to compile reports on activities within this platform and to provide us with other services associated with the use of this platform and the Internet. Pseudonymous user profiles can be created from the processed data.
On the basis of our legitimate interests (i.e. interest in the analysis, optimisation and economic operation of our platform within the meaning of Art. 6 Para. 1 lit. f. of the German Civil Code), we make use of the following services GDPR) the services of Google LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA, (“Google").
We use the Google “AdWords" online marketing method to place ads on the Google advertising network (e.g., in search results, videos, websites, etc.) so that they are displayed to users who have an alleged interest in the ads. This allows us to display ads for and within our platform in a more targeted manner in order to present users only with ads that potentially match their interests. If, for example, a user is shown ads for products in which he or she is interested on other online offers, this is referred to as “remarketing". For these purposes, when you visit our and other websites on which the Google Advertising Network is active, Google directly executes a code from Google and integrates so-called (re)marketing tags (invisible graphics or code, also known as “web beacons") into the website. With their help, an individual cookie, i.e. a small file, is stored on the user’s device (comparable technologies can also be used instead of cookies). This file records which websites the user visits, what content he is interested in and what offers the user has clicked on, as well as technical information on the browser and operating system, referring websites, visit times and other information on the use of the platform.
Furthermore we receive an individual “Conversion-Cookie". The information collected with the help of the cookie is used by Google to compile conversion statistics for us. However, we only know the anonymous total number of users who clicked on our ad and were directed to a page with a conversion tracking tag. However, we do not receive any personally identifiable information.
User data is processed pseudonymously within the Google advertising network. This means, for example, that Google does not store and process the user’s name or e-mail address, but processes the relevant data cookie-related within pseudonymous user profiles. This means that, from Google’s point of view, the ads are not administered and displayed for a specifically identified person, but for the cookie holder, regardless of who this cookie holder is. This does not apply if a user has expressly permitted Google to process the data without this pseudonymisation. The information collected about users is transmitted to Google and stored on Google’s servers in the United States.
Within our platform the so-called “Facebook pixel" of the social network Facebook, which is operated by Facebook Inc., 1 Hacker Way, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA, or if you are resident in the EU, Facebook Ireland Ltd., 4 Grand Canal Square, Grand Canal Harbour, Dublin 2, Ireland (“Facebook"), is used due to our legitimate interests in the analysis, optimisation and economic operation of our platform and for these purposes.
With the help of the Facebook pixel, Facebook is on the one hand able to determine the visitors of our platform as the target group for the presentation of ads (so-called “Facebook ads"). Accordingly, we use Facebook pixels to display Facebook ads placed by us only to Facebook users who have shown an interest in our platform or who have certain characteristics (e.g. interests in certain topics or products that are determined on the basis of the websites visited) that we transmit to Facebook (so-called “custom audiences"). Using Facebook pixels, we also want to ensure that our Facebook ads correspond to the potential interest of users and are not annoying. Using Facebook pixels, we can also track the effectiveness of Facebook ads for statistical and market research purposes by seeing if users were referred to our website after clicking on a Facebook ad (known as “conversion").
Facebook processes the data in accordance with the Facebook Data Usage Policy. Accordingly, general information on the presentation of Facebook ads in the Facebook Data Usage Policy: https://www.facebook.com/policy. Specific information and details about Facebook pixels and how they work can be found in the Facebook help section: https://www.facebook.com/business/help/651294705016616.
Within our platform, we act on the basis of our legitimate interests (i.e. interest in the analysis, optimisation and economic operation of our platform within the meaning of Art. 6 Para. 1 lit. f. of the German Civil Code). DSGVO) the conversion and tracking tool “Bing Ads" of Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399, USA. Microsoft stores cookies on the user’s devices in order to enable an analysis of the use of our platform by users if users have reached our platform via a Microsoft Bing display (so-called “conversion measurement"). In this way, Microsoft and we can recognize that someone clicked on an advertisement, was redirected to our platform and reached a previously determined target page (“conversion page"). We only know the total number of users who clicked on a Bing ad and were redirected to the Conversion page. No IP addresses are stored. No personal information about the identity of users will be shared.
Microsoft is certified under the Privacy Shield Agreement and thereby offers a guarantee of compliance with European data protection law (https://www.privacyshield.gov/participant?id=a2zt0000000KzNaAAK&status=Active).
If users do not wish to participate in the tracking process of Bing Ads, they can also deactivate the setting of a cookie required for this via the browser setting or use the opt-out page of Microsoft: http://choice.microsoft.com/opt-out.
Users can find further information on data protection and the cookies used by Microsoft Bing Ads in Microsoft’s data protection declaration: https://privacy.microsoft.com/privacystatement.
We would like to point out that user data may be processed outside the European Union. This could result in risks for users, e.g. because it could make it more difficult to enforce users’ rights. With regard to US providers that are certified under the Privacy Shield, we would like to point out that by doing so they commit themselves to comply with EU data protection standards.
The processing of users’ personal data is carried out on the basis of our legitimate interests in effective information for users and communication with users pursuant to Art. 6 Para. 1 lit. f. DGDPR. If the users are requested by the respective providers of the platforms to consent to the aforementioned data processing, the legal basis for the processing is Art. 6 Para. 1 lit. a., Art. 7 GDPR.
– Google/ YouTube (Google LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA) – Datenschutzerklärung: https://policies.google.com/privacy, Opt-Out: https://adssettings.google.com/authenticated, Privacy Shield: https://www.privacyshield.gov/participant?id=a2zt00000000001L5AAI&status=Active.
– Pinterest (Pinterest Inc., 635 High Street, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA) – Privacy Statement/ Opt-Out: https://about.pinterest.com/de/privacy-policy.
– LinkedIn (LinkedIn Ireland Unlimited Company Wilton Place, Dublin 2, Irland) – Privacy Statement https://www.linkedin.com/legal/privacy-policy , Opt-Out: https://www.linkedin.com/psettings/guest-controls/retargeting-opt-out, Privacy Shield: https://www.privacyshield.gov/participant?id=a2zt0000000L0UZAA0&status=Active.
Within our platform, we act on the basis of our legitimate interests (i.e. interest in the analysis, optimisation and economic operation of our platform within the meaning of Art. 6 Para. 1 lit. f. of the German Civil Code). GDPR) content or service offers from third parties in order to integrate their content and services, such as videos or fonts (hereinafter uniformly referred to as “content").
This always presupposes that the third-party providers of this content perceive the IP address of the user, since they would not be able to send the content to their browser without the IP address. The IP address is therefore required for the presentation of this content. We make every effort to use only those contents whose respective providers only use the IP address to deliver the contents. Third party providers may also use so-called pixel tags (invisible graphics, also known as “web beacons") for statistical or marketing purposes. Pixel tags" can be used to evaluate information such as visitor traffic on the pages of this website. The pseudonymous information may also be stored in cookies on the user’s device and may contain, among other things, technical information about the browser and operating system, referring websites, visit times and other information about the use of our platform, as well as may be linked to such information from other sources.

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