text:
This may not be a comprehensive list of all the Hendricks County estate cases for this period; legal notices could be filed in any newspaper in the county. More newspapers and more years will be added later.
The Hendricks County Clerk's Microfilm Department can help you find more information about a particular estate case. The Hendricks County Clerk's Microfilm Department is on the 2nd floor of the Hendricks County courthouse in Danville, Indiana and can be reached by phone at (317) 745-9800.
Adams Denzil Lee June 17, 1982 E 82-59 Adams Marvin F.
Agan Grover March 29, 1954 Scamahorn Oscar T.
Albright Orville Melvin December 12, 1986 E 12 86-140 Albright Billy R.
Alexander David October 9, 1973 E 73-99 Alexander Laura R.
Alexander Edwin L. February 4, 1965 E 65-9 Davis Marion L.
Alexander William Thomas October 20, 1983 E 10 83-111 Gregson Mary A.
Allee James November 16, 1948 Knight Chauncey D.
Allen Delphina Haworth April 10, 1948 Pike Everet L.
Allison Richard K. April 14, 1986 E 4 86-39 Allison Thomas I.
Anderson Roy November 9, 1964 E 64-95 Anderson Edna O.
Armstrong Celia Ann February 13, 1957 7816 Armstrong Otis L.
Ashby Mary December 3, 1968 E 68-113 Ayers Hildon E.
Asperger Harry H. August 27, 1980 E 80-74 Asperger Harry H., Jr.
Austermiller Clyde September 24, 1985 E 9 85-104 Higgins James E.
Austin James G. March 14, 1945 Austin Vondale M.
Ayers Iva May February 25, 1966 E 66-14 Lind Melvin R.
Babb Elizabeth Elsie October 29, 1954 7652 Babb Lloyd L.
Baker Josie M. January 5, 1946 Baker Arnold G.
Baker Mildred R. February 11, 1983 E 82-133 Baker John L.
Bakius Eddie J. January 30, 1945 Bakius Mayme E.
Baldauf William Henry February 19, 1946 Baldauf Harry A.
Bales Elizabeth M. July 5, 1979 E 79-68 Mercer William J.
Ballard Maggie E. November 25, 1969 E 69-123 Kirkpatrick Louanna T.
Bamish Maud Mildred January 19, 1971 E 71-9 Switzer Donald J.
Barber Jennie November 9, 1955 7733 Talbert Floyd D.
Barger Earl C. January 17, 1986 E 1 86-7 Barger Ronald E.
Baril Oscar J. December 14, 1967 E 67-96 Baril Gerard E.
Barker Dorcas Irene May 24, 1961 E 61-31 White Mary E.
Barker J. Raymond March 20, 1968 E 68-41 Barker Frederick R.
Barker Kate T. August 22, 1957 7857 Thiery Marguerite D.
Barlow Henry D. May 29, 1951 Barlow M.P.
Barnett John M. December 20, 1948 Stevenson A.J.
Barrow Elda June 13, 1968 E 68-65 Barrow Lowell F.
Barrow Elda June 13, 1968 E 68-65 McIntyre Pharis L.
Barrow Floyd Morton May 13, 1975 E 75-45 Arnold Glen R.
Barton Hannah Jane January 22, 1952 Hadley George W.
Bayliss Lura January 21, 1954 7606 Dinsmore Carol J.
Beagley Russell W. January 12, 1959 7943 Beagley Nellie J.
Beasley Thomas C. June 14, 1946 Beasley Marion T.
Beck Mary Robbins March 27, 1947 Robbins Oliver H.
Beeler Ella A. December 30, 1948 Beeler Charles J.
Bell Charles M. July 13, 1983 E 7 83-72 Bell Shirley J.
Bell Donald H. October 3, 1986 E 10 86-117 Bell Terry R.
Bell Horace S. May 26, 1970 E 70-43 Belser Fred J.
Bell Horace S. May 26, 1970 E 70-43 Sohn William P.
Beller Ruby Irene July 9, 1968 E 68-72 Long Greta E.
Belles Gerald Kendall June 13, 1978 E 78-54 Belles Rosalyn B.
Bender Norma J. March 7, 1985 E 3 85-19 Bender William L.
Berry Willard J. September 5, 1946 Berry Lulu A.
Berry William Franklin May 7, 1963 Berry Daniel E.
Bersot Mary A. November 16, 1967 E 67-86 Bersot Charles N.
Blair Arthur G. September 7, 1953 Blair Arthur R.
Blair Harry H., Jr. January 30, 1986 E 1 86-14 Blair Patricia S.
Blake Lola A. December 16, 1965 E 65-84 Blake Edwin H.
Blake Lola A. December 16, 1965 E 65-84 Blake Paul G.
Blanton William D. August 6, 1954 7637 Worrell Harry M.
Blanton William F. January 29, 1953 Blanton Walter E.
Blessing Edgar M. June 28, 1945 Blessing Elsie L.
Boll Cecil G. September 11, 1978 E 78-81 Boll Lucille M.
Boll Harry I. August 23, 1966 E 66-68 Boll George M.
Bond John Lane January 21, 1965 E 65-5 Jones Lloyd L.
Booker Donald Ivan October 12, 1982 E 82-106 Booker Peggy A.
Booty John August 4, 1948 Hunt Leona B.
Borders John August 13, 1954 7639 Hauk L.V.
Bostic Alice L. May 15, 1951 Mendell Edward T.
Bowen Joseph B. January 12, 1945 Jones Gerald G.
Bowen Margaret L. April 15, 1970 E 70-27 Bowen Richard L.
Bowman Grace A. February 11, 1956 7749 Smith Milburn F.
Bowman John D. August 15, 1975 E 75-75 Bowman Dorothy A.
Bowman William H. June 9, 1955 7702 Bowman Robert W.
Boyd Clara A. March 14, 1986 E 3 86-24 Boyd Ervin O.
Branson Homer December 27, 1955 7739 Branson Berenice M.
Brewer Elias June 21, 1955 7707 Brewer F.H.
Brewer Jules E. July 1, 1969 E 69-72 Brewer Frankie M.
Brooks Carolann M. June 16, 1971 E 71-48 Brooks Frederick R.
Brown Agnes Evelyn February 25, 1980 E 80-19 Brown Ronald V.
Brown Agnes Evelyn February 25, 1980 E 80-19 Easton Barbara A.
Brownlee Hubert W. February 11, 1959 7954 Page Walter H.
Bryan Louisa B. December 16, 1986 E 12 86-143 Lewis Virginia M.
Bryant Bessie July 15, 1986 E 7 86-77 Bryant Ernest C.
Bryant Gilbert September 4, 1954 7642 Lewis Edward A.
Bryant Paul C. April 4, 1983 E 4 83-33 Bryant Meade T.
Buchanan Levi September 25, 1956 Edwards John W.
Buchanan William January 25, 1949 Buchanan Bessie I.
Buechler Lee January 19, 1949 Buechler Donald L.
Buell Georgia Rush July 15, 1950 Buell Herbert J.
Buis Edward L. April 12, 1955 7684 Holtsclaw Herschell H.
Buis Evelyne Yerger October 11, 1965 E 65-70 Haught William H.
Bunker Myrtle May 10, 1951 Shepard Paul A.
Bunten Mary E. April 20, 1979 E 79-38 Welling Arthur R., Jr.
Burdett Hurlie E. July 12, 1974 E 74-64 Burdett Gertrude E.
Burdge Gail E. August 7, 1981 E 81-71 Mitchell Vaughn N.
Burnett Jesse April 19, 1952 Burnett Ruth G.
Busby Elvin November 22, 1968 E 68-110 Neal Louise M.
Butler Laura G. August 20, 1952 Butler Maurice G.
Campbell Harry R. January 10, 1952 Campbell Stella M.
Campbell Henry R. January 10, 1952 Campbell Stella M.
Canary Lawrence Little November 30, 1984 E 11 84-95 Hall Robert A.
Carter Lewis F. January 7, 1952 Carter Mary E.
Carter Mary E. August 22, 1962 E 62-41 Larsh Bonita F.
Carter Minta January 15, 1953 Carter Orval O.
Cartheuser Louis W., Sr. January 4, 1957 7805 Gill William T.
Chadwick Monte Cleo May 23, 1984 E 5 84-47 Chadwick Geraldine F.
Chambers Rhoda Ann February 24, 1945 Ellis Ruth E.
Chappel Nellie M. June 11, 1986 E 6 86-64 Patrick Shirley A.
Chatham Lee E. August 25, 1951 Layne Thelma G.
Chatham Lee E. August 25, 1951 Kellems Hallie M.
Cherry Frances B. April 18, 1952 Kendall John A.
Cherry John W. May 3, 1952 Kendall John A.
Christie Bertha L. March 5, 1968 E 68-35 Christie James L.
Christie Gladys November 21, 1949 Christie James F.
Church Minnie M. August 20, 1965 E 65-59 Lind Melvin R.
Church Robert S. January 9, 1974 E 74-2 Church James S.
Clark Harry, Jr. August 1, 1951 Clark Irene G.
Clark Mary G. October 22, 1984 E 10 84-80 Stevens Dean A.
Clark Phyllis W. April 6, 1972 E 72-25 Clark Marion E.
Clawson Guy December 13, 1960 8072 Franklin Alice C.
Clawson Harold A. October 14, 1969 E 69-102 Clawson Patricia J.
Clay Mary E. May 26, 1949 Clay James H.
Cline Ethel B. February 22, 1972 E 72-11 Lind Melvin R.
Cline Herschel V. August 28, 1980 E 80-76 Wisehart Bonnie M.
Cline John A. September 21, 1982 E 82-98 Lortz Susan I.
Clossey Joseph November 13, 1951 Clossey Harry E.
Coate Samantha R. February 26, 1949 Hendrix Elsie M.
Coates Ezra September 13, 1948 Hendrix Elsie M.
Coble Walter A. January 16, 1945 Richardson John T.
Coble Walter A. January 16, 1945 Marley Albe R.
Coffey Anna Catherine November 20, 1986 E 11 86-131 Wood Robert A.
Coffin Bertha April 7, 1978 E 78-37 Howard John M., Jr.
Coffin Bonnie Eugene August 22, 1961 E 61-46 Coffin Gladys M.
Coffin Rosetta November 20, 1952 Coffin Clifford C.
Coleman B. Pearle September 7, 1976 E 76-89 Coleman David H.
Collings Joe S. July 22, 1960 8052 Ayres Hildon E.
Conn Glenn T. November 27, 1962 E 62-63 Barber Lois M.
Conwell Anne May 20, 1950 Thornburg Mary E.
Cook Ora Everett September 10, 1957 7859 Cook Paul C.
Cooper Dwight L. October 31, 1972 E 72-85 Cooper Burdell A.
Cooper Fay September 24, 1946 Cooper Ralph G.
Cooper Harvey Otis August 4, 1947 Kendall John A.
Cooper Lura February 21, 1959 7957 Kendall John A.
Cooper Wallingford December 21, 1954 7665 Cooper Freeman E.
Cooprider Lydia E. February 21, 1945 Cooprider Samuel L.
Costin Clara C. November 2, 1979 E 79-99 Costin Jack E.
Courtney Charles September 18, 1963 E 63-59 Parker Chester V.
Courtney Edward D. July 7, 1952 Gulley Otis E.
Cowley Joseph R. May 1, 1979 E 79-43 Johnston Norma M.
Cox Andrew J., Jr. March 12, 1968 E 68-39 Kendall John A.
Cox Belva Lisby August 12, 1966 E 66-62 Lind Melvin R.
Cox Byron N. October 13, 1970 E 70-98 Cox Ralph H.
Cox Earl B. October 17, 1956 7785 Cox Fern J.
Cozad Martha Emma November 6, 1961 E 61-59 Cozad Walter S.
Crews Clarence November 4, 1960 8069 Bennett Irvine A.
Crews Lela K. December 29, 1972 E 72-100 Crews Roy F.
Crimmel Elma R. January 22, 1946 Gross Xenia E.
Cromer Cassie E. May 30, 1979 E 79-58 Cromer Donald J.
Crostreet Joseph H. May 21, 1968 E 68-60 Huffman William E.
Crouse Alva M. October 8, 1964 E 64-86 Crouse Austin E.
Cullison Edward Everett November 2, 1972 E 72-86 Kennedy Timothy J.
Cummings Frieda Li May 22, 1984 E 5 84-45 Cummings James C.
Cundiff Thomas March 3, 1966 E 66-17 Ryan Frank R.
Cunningham Rayburn R. February 4, 1983 E 2 83-13 Cunningham Ralph E.
Cunningham Wesley C. July 26, 1967 E 67-61 Cunningham Melvin L.
Curtiss Austen Eno February 28, 1964 E 64-17 Vandivier John C., Jr.
Dailey John Edward May 5, 1951 Ramsey Herman W.
Dale Alma September 1, 1965 E 65-63 Dale Paul T.
Darnall Dexter E. November 19, 1953 Darnall Woodson A.
Darnall Woodson A. August 29, 1969 E 69-88 Hadley June D.
Daugherty Charles W. April 18, 1964 E 64-34 Daugherty Virginia M.
Daugherty William E. October 21, 1947 Sears Charles V.
Davis Alden November 8, 1945 Spencer Arnold F.
Davis Edgar December 10, 1954 7662 Davis Norah O.
Davis Eula August 13, 1985 E 8 85-83 Davis Harold R.
Davis Eula August 13, 1985 E 8 85-83 Love Karen M.
Davis Franklin Ray June 29, 1955 7709 Davis Etna P.
Davis Iva Hazel September 26, 1974 E 74-86 Smiley Waneta S.
Davis Otis May 15, 1946 Sears Charles V.
Davis Thomas C. February 3, 1951 Schwartz Mamie L.
Davison Reva Elizabeth November 18, 1986 E 11 86-132 Davison James C.
Dean Harold O. October 2, 1980 E 80-86 Hites Mary C.
DeLashmit Lucille M. March 10, 1961 E 61-14 DeLashmit William L.
DeLong Marion F. June 30, 1971 E 71-52 DeLong Helen E.
DeMaria James March 9, 1984 E 3 84-24 Mendenhall Jeanne O.
DeMoss Charles L., Jr. October 15, 1986 E 10 86-122 Rosemary Ralph A.
Denny Jurd March 24, 1948 Kahl Archie J.
DePew Kate M. May 15, 1961 E 61-29 Arnold L.J.
Dickerson Lizzie E. March 20, 1947 Ellis Milford E.
Dillon Edward Austin January 13, 1958 7877 Dillon Max E.
Dillon Tom L. March 8, 1955 7679 Parker Edgar R.
Disney Cornelius A. April 27, 1948 Disney Hursel H.
Dixon George L. October [blank] 1949 Dixon Stanley M.
Dodds William Wray, Jr. March 23, 1983 E 3 83-27 Dodds Rhonda L.
Dooley Zackariah July 8, 1948 Pike Chester G.
Douglas Mary C. September 23, 1949 Loy Wendell D.
Downard Canady H. April 7, 1947 Downard Oliver M.
Downard Thomas H. May 19, 1955 7695 Raber Claud D.
Draine Luman S. March 8, 1972 E 72-16 Draine Nellie A.
Dugan William F. December 18, 1952 Dugan Michael D.
Duncan Glen W. June 8, 1977 E 77-61 Runnells Margaret L.
Dunn Nola February 24, 1970 E 70-12 Dunn Oren E.
Eads Everett January 13, 1971 E 71-6 Eads Ezra E.
Easley Milburn July 15, 1983 E 7 83-73 Easley George L.
Eastes Bertha January 13, 1965 E 65-3 Eastes Carl A.
Ebert Oscar June 26, 1970 E 70-60 Ebert William L.
Ebert Oscar June 26, 1970 E 70-60 Ebert Larry D.
Eckler Sylvia M. October 16, 1981 E 81-101 Tanselle Donald W.
Edick Kenneth G. July 17, 1980 E 80-61 Edick Terry H.
Edmondson C. Samuel November 13, 1964 E 64-98 Edmondson Richard M.
Edmonson Ethel Ader July 26, 1957 7854 Orbison Robert H.
Edwards Inez L. April 23, 1973 E 73-53 Mowrer Imogene C.
Eggers Sarah F. February 27, 1951 Dale Hubert S.
Elam Ben H. October 15, 1968 E 68-97 Elam Grace E.
Ellett Frank April 3, 1948 Ellett Clayton R.
Elliott William Ralph March 7, 1947 Elliott Eldridge A.
Elliott William Ralph March 7, 1947 Elliott Maurice B.
Ellis Lyman Hall July 3, 1980 E 80-57 Ellis Beatrice B.
Ellis Martha H. September 1, 1966 E 66-70 Ellis Lyman H.
Ellis Solomon T. May 8, 1950 Ellis Lyman H.
English Earl E. May 17, 1965 E 65-37 English Cordia L.
English Vergal H. June 28, 1985 E 6 85-67 Higgins Gloria C.
Euliss Everett I. July 17, 1945 Pike Chester G.
Euliss Ruby D. December 12, 1964 E 64-99 Booth Vernon E.
Evans Edward J. June 27, 1975 E 75-63 Evans Mildred L.
Evans Joseph October 3, 1969 E 69-100 Evans Ondah S.
Evans Margaret Etta January 20, 1947 Parker Chester V.
Evans Myrtle M. May 5, 1950 Hadley George W.
Farquer Alva A. February 7, 1948 Farquer John A.
Feller Raymond L. September 28, 1967 E 67-79 Feller Alice C.
Ferguson Ida May April 16, 1946 Hood J.E.
Fields Nelson Nathaniel September 23, 1949 Fields Mary J.
Fischer Kathleen L. February 18, 1976 E 75-119 Lowry James L.
Fisher Marvin V. March 11, 1981 E 81-27 Kendall John A.
Fleece Hubert December 6, 1973 E 73-110 Fleece Clifford W.
Flinn Mary I. April 10, 1946 Flinn Walter B.
Foscue Garland B. August 23, 1961 E 61-47 Raber James S.
Foster Lulu J. July 24, 1967 E 67-60 Wallace Robert L.
Foudray Edgar E., Sr. March 26, 1949 Foudray Edgar E., Jr.
Fowler Alma July 7, 1952 Gulley Otis E.
Fowler John W. July 7, 1952 Gulley Otis E.
Fox Lawrence May 24, 1950 Fox John K.
Franklin Myrtie February 26, 1949 Garner Opal B.
Franklin Neva March 10, 1981 E 81-26 Franklin Glendon R.
Franklin Neva March 10, 1981 E 81-26 Parr Mary E.
Franklin Sarah E. February 23, 1951 Franklin Herman R.
Frazier Carl Ray July 28, 1958 7906 Allen Archie E.
Friedman Dana Sue July 21, 1981 E 81-65 Gaskins Kimela A.
Fry Clifford M. December 21, 1979 E 79-111 Funk Janis B.
Funk Merle E. May 5, 1977 E 77-49 Funk Ruth A.
Funkhouser Dana G. December 15, 1972 E 72-97 Gentry Herschel, Sr.
Galford Leona G. January 31, 1975 E 74-44 Galford Lester C.
Gambold John J., Sr. October 15, 1965 E 65-75 Gambold Grace F.
Garner Charles C. September 30, 1947 Garner Chester R.
Garner Sarah Iva March 17, 1953 Garner Chester R.
Garrett Elmo, Sr. March 24, 1981 E 81-32 Garrett Elmo, Jr.
Gasper Jessie Maude January 22, 1960 8016 Lind Melvin R.
Geiger Shirley Marie October 14, 1964 E 64-81 Floyd Cecil E.
Gentry Ora E. February 21, 1952 Ray James V.
Gibbons Lowell L. February 23, 1965 E 65-14 Gibbons Coleen M.
Gibson Edward Melvin August 20, 1970 E 70-79 Gibson Janet E.
Gibson Lillian H. June 26, 1984 E 6 84-54 Richardson Patricia A.
Gilbert Clara B. April 8, 1952 Knight C.D.
Gilbert Ralph May 28, 1959 7958 Gilbert Morris J.
Gladden Charles Lindy March 20, 1986 E 3 86-27 Gladden Carolyn J.
Gladden Harry September 13, 1973 E 73-89 Gladden George L.
Glassburn James W. December 12, 1986 E 11 86-134 Lowry James L.
Goodwin Hazel D. May 5, 1967 E 67-39 Goodwin George T.
Graham Charles Leslie December 10, 1969 E 69-128 Graham Charles H.
Green Ella Lavon March 3, 1981 E 81-21 Weaver Hugh W.
Greening William Vance April 1, 1970 E 70-24 Greening Ruth N.
Greist O.H. November 8, 1947 Greist Mina W.
Griggs Iva B. October 24, 1983 E 10 83-115 Simpson Virginia R.
Griswold Harry L. May 28, 1985 E 5 85-53 Powell Barbara J.
Groover Leota B. January 21, 1982 E 82-9 Groover Robert L.
Groover Lois E. May 11, 1964 E 64-44 Groover Robert L.
Grove Reuben Ralph January 8, 1974 E 74-1 Grahn Raymond J.
Gulley Clara F. October 19, 1953 Gulley Otis E.
Guthrie Frank, Jr. January 15, 1957 7808 Guthrie Gwen G.
Haas Ralph M. February 8, 1963 E 63-10 Haas Betty J.
Hack Cora D. May 19, 1948 Hack William H.
Hadley Anna Lydia November 17, 1982 E 82-120 Hadley Clifford M.
Hadley Cleo R. June 6, 1960 8041 Hughes Claude I.
Hadley David M. August 24, 1979 E 79-88 Hadley Vivian M.
Hadley Laurence March 25, 1946 Hadley Stanley M.
Hadley Lucia Hanna February 20, 1950 Hanna Hortense M.
Hagee Mary L. May 14, 1979 E 79-53 Hagee Pansy M.
Hagerman James R. March 4, 1985 E 3 85-15 Hagerman Shelby J.
Halfaker Luna A. June 14, 1950 Halfaker John A.
Halfaker Ryland T. April 7, 1952 Parker Edgar R.
Hall Alvin September 25, 1945 Hall Vera M.
Hall Vera M. May 21, 1974 E 74-51 Wean Blanche M.
Hamilton Bruce Wesley August 12, 1950 Hamilton Robert B.
Hamilton Karl I., Jr. July 10, 1980 E 80-59 Hamilton Pauline R.
Hamilton Milton L. October 8, 1958 7918 Hamilton Dorothy L.
Hamilton Milton L. September 9, 1958 7918 Shelton Fred E.
Hamm Sallie Ellen April 11, 1967 E 67-30 Lind Melvin R.
Hammerstrom Fay September 20, 1974 E 74-85 Orbison Robert H.
Hancock William L. January 28, 1949 Parker Chester V.
Hanna Horace L. November 18, 1952 Hanna Hortense M.
Hardin Emmett M. January 11, 1949 Hardin Anna L.
Harris Bert T. September [blank] 1945 Wilson Hazel G.
Harris J. Ivan August 18, 1947 Hanna Frank A.
Harris Jennie M. April 5, 1948 Baker Charles E.
Harvey Carl April 23, 1970 E 70-35 Harvey Neal A.
Harvey Carl April 23, 1970 E 70-35 Harvey Glen M.
Harvey George R. January 7, 1947 Harvey George L.
Harvey Mildred C. September 18, 1986 E 9 86-112 Harvey John C.
Harvey Otis February 20, 1975 E 75-20 Harvey Conrad G.
Havens Maye M. August 22, 1974 E 74-76 Edmondson Charlotte H.
Havens Samuel Taylor July 24, 1969 E 69-80 Edmondson Richard M.
Hawkins Elizabeth Fae August 19, 1983 E 8 83-88 Hawkins Joseph H.
Hawley Harold O. October 10, 1949 Hawley Minnie P.
Hayden Maggie March 1, 1949 Ayers Hildon E.
Heady George B. August 31, 1949 Heady Dessie M.
Heinlein Rose January 9, 1984 E 1 84-3 Heinlein Merl F.
Helt Harry November 13, 1951 Nolen William W.
Helton Ethel F. June 27, 1974 E 74-60 Helton Fredrick G.
Helton Ethel F. June 27, 1974 E 74-60 Helton Richard H.
Hendricks John August 4, 1950 Hendricks John L.
Henry Charlie M. January 12, 1960 8015 Brooks Nina M.
Hern George W. January 21, 1967 E 67-12 Hern Wilbur L.
Herold Josephine A. January 10, 1948 Kelly Bert F.
Herring Mark Eugene June 8, 1983 E 6 83-5? Herring Jane A.
Herring Mary V. July 2, 1980 E 80-56 Herring Franklin E.
Herrington Ned C. March 5, 1984 E 3 84-23 Skillman Rexford D.
Hewitt Doris June September 18, 1951 Clay James H.
Hibschman Frances E. June 3, 1985 E 5 85-60 Hibschman Harry R.
Hibschman Harry R. June 17, 1986 E 6 86-69 Hibschman Tim B.
Hicks Nora B. July 22, 1964 E 64-66 Hicks James M.
Higgins Fannie Elsie February 11, 1969 E 69-17 Higgins Harvey M., Jr.
Higgins Fannie Elsie February 11, 1969 E 69-17 Higgins Robert M.
Hill Jane Elizabeth April 27, 1956 7764 Hill Emory H.
Himes Fred C. May 25, 1973 E 73-61 Willem Richard C.
Hiss Lily Mills January 4, 1956 7742 Mills Emil B.
Hitch Edna Jean April 17, 1985 E 4 85-32 Hitch Donald W.
Hoadley C. Virgil January 22, 1964 E 64-7 Glaeser Edward A.
Hoadley C. Virgil January 22, 1964 E 64-7 Kendall John A.
Hodson Clarence K. May 1, 1973 E 73-57 Larmer Allen L.
Hodson Flora M. December 13, 1968 E 68-119 Lydick B.E.
Hodson Myrtle D. April 16, 1970 E 70-28 Hodson Dalta M.
Hogan Michael M. November 14, 1973 E 73-106 Hogan John P.
Hollaway Byron L. March 30, 1982 E 82-32 Hollaway Russell L.
Hollingsworth Hannah B. January 28, 1948 Barlow Marie H.
Hollingsworth Murza M. December 20, 1947 Brown Grace B.
Hollingsworth Murza M. December 20, 1947 Marshall Gertrude A.
Holmes Ed May 6, 1950 Holmes Earl W.
Holtsclaw Matie July 27, 1954 7635 Ayers Hildon E.
Hopson Roy D. September 29, 1981 E 81-100 Hopson Pauline M.
Horn Grace Stella September 14, 1964 E 64-79 Thomson Harry G.
Hostetler Charles E. September 22, 1958 7922 Hostetler John L.
Howard Charlie November 9, 1956 7790 Howard William F.
Howard John McDowell, Sr. April 13, 1964 E 64-31 Howard John M., Jr.
Huffman Isaac October 27, 1945 Miller Daniel L.
Hufford Alice M. May 23, 1950 Hufford Joel V.
Hughes Betty J. April 5, 1973 E 73-43 Hughes Norman E.
Hughes Edna Alzade January 6, 1958 7876 Ayers Hildon E.
Hughes Glendon March 23, 1976 E 76-43 Guido Anthony C.
Hughes Ivan March 1, 1973 E 72-73 Porter Robert G.
Hughes Ivan September 25, 1972 E 72-73 Porter Robert G.
Hughes Lillie May August 12, 1986 E 8 86-95 Hughes Clifford L.
Hughes Lowell Samuel January 14, 1976 E 76-2 Hughes Zelpha M.
Hughes Lula B. July 9, 1962 E 62-32 Cannan Dorotha A.
Hundley Robert D. June 12, 1954 7631 Coates Robert E.
Hunt Earl L. April 27, 1959 7969 Ryan Frank R.
Hunt Ivan L. September 22, 1950 Hunt Mary E.
Hunt Olson December 21, 1962 E 62-67 York Mary E.
Hunter Dennis Joe October 31, 1983 E 10 83-118 Hunter Kenneth C.
Husted John N. June 22, 1953 7566 Husted Selwyn F.
Ingle Harriet N. January 30, 1976 E 76-19 Ingle James E.
Ingle Harriet N. January 30, 1976 E 76-19 Howard John M., Jr.
Ingram Ada Figg January 23, 1959 7947 Ingram Addison H.
Isenberg John W. May 14, 1947 Isenberg Hugh G.
Jackson Frank C. May 14, 1951 Jackson Hugh F.
Jackson Harold E. March 14, 1967 E 67-21 Jackson Ruth M.
Jackson Paul D. March 6, 1961 E 61-13 Jackson Blanche S.
Jackson Robert E. October 3, 1969 E 69-99 Jackson Cheryl T.
Jackson Roswell P. October 22, 1951 Green Fern J.
Jackson Walter H. January 19, 1961 E 61-3 Jackson Edwin R.
Jared Frank C. April 23, 1952 Jared Norman W.
Jared Lillian Douglas January 23, 1952 Hampton Mark I.
Jaynes Cecil December 4, 1969 E 69-125 Jaynes Cora A.
Jeffries Irmin G. September 9, 1969 E 69-91 Jeffries Buell O.
Jeffries Roxie Page January 29, 1979 E 79-15 Small Nora L.
Jenkins Charles Lester December 4, 1975 E 75-114 Jenkins Roscoe C.
Jenkins Charles Lester December 4, 1975 E 75-114 Jenkins Kenneth L.
Jenkins John A. August 9, 1965 E 65-57 Pickett David W.
Jessup Nettie H. October 20, 1952 Jessup Albert H.
Johnson Benjamin, Jr. June 23, 1964 E 64-52 Raber James S.
Johnson Dorotha Ione May 27, 1983 E 5 83-50 McGinnis James R., Sr.
Jones Cora B. October 19, 1963 E 63-68 Jones Floyd B.
Jones Delbert R. July 11, 1955 7710 Jones Floyd B.
Jones Floyd K. July 10, 1973 E 73-71 Jones Harold W.
Jones James S. September 7, 1949 Hadley George W.
Jones Laura A. June [blank] 1957 7845 Jones Ralph M.
Jones Mary E. August 17, 1971 E 71-64 Jones Orin E.
Jones Melvin Everett December 19, 1951 Jones Oren E.
Jones Otis E. July 5, 1949 Jones Verlie E.
Jordan Joseph J. June 24, 1963 E 63-42 Hadley Fern J.
Jordan Mary Margaret February 19, 1974 E 74-15 Hadley Fern J.
Junken Alonzo F. April 15, 1953 Ayres Hildon E.
Kahl Archie J. January 16, 1950 Kahl Hazel G.
Kahl Hazel G. November 17, 1969 E 69-117 Jackman Lebert E.
Kahl Hazel G. November 17, 1969 E 69-117 Davisson Oscar S.
Karsner Elizabeth Wood February 6, 1984 E 2 84-11 Riegner Richard H.
Kehrein Karl E. February 5, 1963 E 63-6 Kehrein Karl E., Jr.
Kehrein Laura A. January 26, 1973 E 73-18 Kehrein Karl E., Jr.
Kellems Julia May July 13, 1955 7713 Kellems Anson M.
Kellum Wilbur H. September 26, 1950 Sherow Douglas T.
Kendall Elfie M. January 13, 1956 7743 Kendall Milber E.
Kennedy Richard D. March 26, 1985 E 3 85-27 Johnson Lisa M.
Kenworthy Garnett I. December 15, 1986 E 12 86-141 Kenworthy Judith A.
Kercher Russell, Jr. December 17, 1980 E 80-109 Kercher Sheila A.
Kerr John Harvey September 20, 1961 E 61-51 Kerr Maude E.
Kersey Dayton L. July 18, 1963 E 63-45 Powell Harold A.
King Virginia September 11, 1950 Beaman Albert L.
Kirtley Lowell W. February 5, 1973 E 73-21 Kirtley Robert W.
Kivett Ernest C. June 14, 1966 E 66-44 Hurst Nellie F.
Klee Thomas November 5, 1981 E 81-111 Klee Henry J.
Knauer Robert W. April 30, 1985 E 4 85-39 Knauer Fred T.
Kozisek Anna October 8, 1980 E 80-87 Kozisek Jerry J.
Kozisek Anna October 8, 1980 E 80-87 Miller Betty A.
Kraft Henry Fred March 6, 1958 7885 Kraft John F.
Laakmann Henry Fredrick August 24, 1945 Laakmann Otto C.
LaFoe James O. November 20, 1962 E 62-60 Denny Lester C.
Lagler Frieda Louise April 24, 1980 E 80-38 Lagler Karl R.
Lamar Joseph C. June 9, 1950 Lamar Clifford C.
Lambert Artemus E. September 5, 1947 Lambert Gilbert E.
Lambert Jessie Clarise June 28, 1971 E 71-51 Porter Robert G.
Land Iola M. December 2, 1980 E 80-105 Worrell Bernie D.
Langton Anna B. November 5, 1962 E 62-55 Lukins Marion L.
Langton Bruce F. April 3, 1963 E 63-23 Lukins Marian L.
Larmer Eva May 12, 1952 Larmer George W.
Larmer Roy September 9, 1946 Larmer Allen H.
Lawson Wilda A. July 19, 1974 E 74-65 Lawson Joseph L.
Leak Edith L. June 16, 1976 E 76-69 Leak John M.
Leak Edith L. June 16, 1976 E 76-69 Leak Robert H.
Leak James K. December 23, 1980 E 80-114 Grooms Jane K.
Leak Margaret C. December 29, 1945 Leak Roscoe R.
Leap Pauline November 12, 1946 Leap William J.
Leap William H. January 10, 1945 Smith Everett T.
Lee Bernard Maurice May 20, 1957 7838 Lee Roy D., Sr.
Leisure James E. January 8, 1986 E 1 86-2 Shelton Sharon L.
Leitzman Hazel November 10, 1976 E 76-108 Leitzman Arthur, Jr.
Lentz Walter F. May 6, 1983 E 5 83-45 Wheeler Robert E.
Leonard Nita L. July 7, 1978 E 78-58 Lind Melvin R.
Leondis Ina T. March 6, 1970 E 70-15 Leondis Paul G.
Lewis Lee September 30, 1949 Lewis Ancel G.
Lieske Ruth Eleanor December 8, 1969 E 69-126 Lieske Margaret A.
Lindley Carl T. July 29, 1971 E 71-57 Lindley Paul D.
Lindley Carl T. July 29, 1971 E 71-57 Lindley E.E.
Lindsay Lisa J. August 10, 1982 E 82-79 Quinn Joan E.
Linton Mary Ann December 29, 1976 E 76-128 Linton Raymond C.
Lister Robert July 14, 1955 7714 Porter Robert G.
Littell Vileta A. May 1, 1973 E 73-58 Littell Milo D.
Little Edward O. December 9, 1947 Little Nellie M.
Little Paul H. July 26, 1973 E 73-73 Little Howard G.
Little Ruth A. April 9, 1981 E 81-38 George Joanne R.
Lockwood Mabel A. July 25, 1978 E 78-62 Bryant Elizabeth C.
Lombardi Clarice V. September 3, 1975 E 75-83 Cunningham Melvin L.
Long George A. December 20, 1946 Jeffries Buell O.
Long George A. December 20, 1946 Noland Mary E.
Long Minnie August 13, 1954 7638 Woody Lois L.
Long Sallie April 21, 1949 Noland Mary E.
Long Sallie April 21, 1949 Jeffries Buell O.
Long Sarah E. March 8, 1948 Carter Effie L.
Loughrey Gail Dee April 13, 1970 E 70-25 Loughrey Edward J.
Low Otto V. August 30, 1962 E 62-43 Low Robert J.
Lucas Robert F. April 4, 1945 Lucas Mary D.
Lukins William July 16, 1948 Kendall John A.
Lunsford James B. August 12, 1966 E 66-61 Parsons Mildred I.
Lydick Elsie December 14, 1951 Lydick Roy E.
Lydick William E. August 26, 1947 Lydick Elsie F.
Mackey Carlos D. October 23, 1981 E 81-105 Mackey Pauline C.
Mackey Charles A. April 4, 1960 8030 Mackey Paul E.
Mackey Charles A. April 4, 1960 8030 Thompson Harold M.
Mackey Gertrude July 5, 1960 8047 Joseph Ruth G.
Mackey Pauline C. October 21, 1983 E 10 83-113 Joseph Ruth G.
Mahan Thomas J. December 23, 1981 E 81-131 Groover Richard J.
Mahoney Agnes September 23, 1981 E 81-98 Brown Glenn D.
Mahoney Anthony F. October 30, 1962 E 62-50 Mahoney Murriel E.
Majors Horace A. November 20, 1961 E 61-63 Majors Bueford T.
Malcom Gracie E. June 30, 1971 E 71-53 Lind Melvin R.
Manco Joyce I. July 2, 1985 E 6 85-68 Guido Anthony C.
Martin Cecil C. December 13, 1958 7940 Martin Goldie K.
Martin Cecil C. December 13, 1958 7940 Martin Audrey J.
Martin Chester W. November 18, 1964 E 64-102 Martin Dessie M.
Martin Earl, Sr. April 24, 1986 E 4 86-47 Comer Lee T.
Martin Grant July 25, 1973 E 73-72 Martin Frank T.
Martin Harry June 13, 1977 E 77-65 Martin Lindol E.
Martin Melia A. August 31, 1970 E 70-84 Lind Melvin R.
Martz Mary E. August 31, 1982 E 82-88 Martz Bill L.
Marvel Frank October 30, 1958 7932 Simms Genevieve M.
Masten Flora November 20, 1945 Gambold John J.
Masten Ira March 19, 1949 Masten Ida R.
Masters Mae Smith June 30, 1983 E 6 83-64 Eilar Richard B.
Matthias Alice October 23, 1958 7927 McCoy Doris E.
Mattox Earl E. December 22, 1952 Mattox Vera B.
May Walter B. January 11, 1973 E 73-10 Porter Robert G.
McAninch John June 11, 1947 McAninch James D.
McCammack Howard C. November 3, 1971 E 71-84 McCammack Vivian G.
McClary Bessie Mae January 26, 1963 E 63-4 Moss Jessie V.
McClary Franklin H. July 3, 1967 E 67-55 Moss Jesse V.
McClellan William A. May 19, 1955 7690 McClellan Hazel D.
McCloud James A. August 15, 1950 Baker Charles E.
McCloud Jason E. February 17, 1970 E 70-10 McCloud Thelma C.
McCloud Joe May 11, 1956 7770 DeWitt William R.
McClure Fannie E. January 12, 1950 Gambold John J.
McClure Genevieve T. January 4, 1973 E 73-1 Carter Marian C.
McCoy Henry Ford September 21, 1955 7729 McCoy Dorothy B.
McDonald Teresa September 10, 1985 E 9 85-95 Frutkin Lawrence D.
McDuffie Alonzo L. April [blank] 1949 Richardson Russell I.
McFadden Garrett V. August 23, 1955 7720 McFadden Mildred L.
McFerran Henry A. July 8, 1954 McFerran Etta R.
McGraw William G. February 26, 1969 E 69-18 McGraw William L.
McGraw William G. February 26, 1969 E 69-18 McGraw Bobby J.
McHaffie Lena August 3, 1973 E 73-77 Traylor Martha E.
McIntyre Harlie R. August 16, 1985 E 8 85-86 McIntyre Gordon E.
McKinney Paul April 16, 1968 E 68-46 McKinney Paul T.
McMullin Sidney January 15, 1951 Lange Shirley M.
McPheeters Minnie E. March 30, 1965 E 65-26 Rohn Charles R.
McWethy Edith Wade April 24, 1954 7626 McWethy John S.
Meece Donald H. July 17, 1986 E 7 86-82 Meece Dona S.
Meldrum Charlie April 29, 1969 E 69-44 Lind Melvin R.
Meloy Hortense E. March 8, 1968 E 68-38 Lewis Seth B.
Mercer Altie B. September 29, 1955 7725 Pales Elizabeth B.
Mercer Cornelius S. August 8, 1952 Pomeroy Cornelia A.
Merritt May July 10, 1947 Merritt William G.
Middleton Lilly D. June 17, 1947 Pike Chester G.
Miles Lydia A. July 28, 1945 Hampton Mary E.
Miller Arnold H. April 10, 1973 E 73-45 Miller Lora L.
Miller Margaret Lucille September 6, 1956 7789 Miller Rudy B.
Miller Pearl July 27, 1979 E 79-76 Hamilton Mary P.
Mills Alice M. April 8, 1950 Henley Walter S.
Mitchell Frank A. November 10, 1951 Mitchell George T.
Mitchell Larry G. October 10, 1963 E 63-67 Brunt Richard C.
Mitchell Liza Anna December 1, 1971 E 71-92 Mitchell Harold H.
Mitchell Russell G. November 22, 1982 E 82-93 Mitchell Charles R.
Mobley Rachel E. December 15, 1945 Mobley James B.
Money Charles C. February 13, 1953 Money Sarah M.
Mongan Leo Paul April 29, 1985 E 4 85-38 Mongan Timothy R.
Mongan Leo Paul April 29, 1985 E 4 85-38 Mongan Anthony R.
Monniger Edith F. February 21, 1956 7755 Robbins Ralph R.
Montgomery Lee W. September 15, 1972 E 72-69 Montgomery Van C.
Montgomery Nellie Blanche March 14, 1986 E 3 86-25 Johnston Norma M.
Moore Everett L. April 4, 1952 Moore Margaret V.
Moore Woodrow L. October 21, 1983 E 10 83-114 Moore Marjorie I.
Moran John C. November 14, 1977 E 77-104 Moran Michael W.
Morgan Carroll January 25, 1982 E 82-10 Morgan Gerald L.
Morgan Nettie May August 21, 1967 E 67-64 Keller Violet M.
Morphew Hulda June 15, 1946 Smith Fred T.
Morphew Nancy December 6, 1956 7798 Page Cecil T.
Morris Edna June 22, 1946 Baker Charles E.
Morrison Harry O. June 15, 1967 E 67-50 McCalment Donald C.
Mowrer Gladys W. September 19, 1977 E 77-93 Mowrer John C.
Murphy Elberta M. May 20, 1986 E 5 86-58 Murphy James R.
Murphy Robert W. April 14, 1960 Murphy Marcia O.
Murphy Willard B. April 3, 1981 E 81-37 Daniel Melvin R.
Mutter Henry January 20, 1972 E 72-6 Mutter Joseph R.
Myers Charles R. June 21, 1973 E 73-65 Myers Julia A.
Myers Dorothy L. July 14, 1982 E 82-70 Majors Beuford T.
Myers Mary Jane June 3, 1955 7698 Ayers Hildon E.
Myers Myrtle E. August 15, 1961 E 61-45 Myers Clinton F.
Myers Myrtle E. August 15, 1961 E 61-45 Myers Thomas I.
Nagelson Bonnie December 4, 1972 E 72-92 Selch John W.
Nagelson Bonnie December 4, 1972 E 72-92 Hughes Claude I.
Nanney Glendon H. October 7, 1985 E 10 85-112 Nanney Virgis I.
Nash William David April 23, 1965 E 65-32 Weaver Hugh W.
Newlin William M. May 9, 1947 Newlin Helen E.
Newman Eva N. February 9, 1954 7612 Hunter Albert O.
Newman Jennie January 2, 1963 E 63-1 Case Frank A.
Newman John B. September 25, 1950 Newman Arthur B.
Nichols Ruby February 4, 1950 Scott Benjamin A.
Nichols Vernon September 28, 1973 E 73-96 Nichols Orville W., Jr.
Niese Anna C. July 17, 1951 Pike C.G.
Nixon Ethel March 22, 1985 E 3 85-21 Jones Jannie C.
Nolan Thomas July 15, 1960 8049 Ayres Hildon E.
Norcutt Ralph Andrew December 16, 1952 Norcutt Alma L.
Nothstine William M. September 30, 1975 E 75-97 Nothstine Ila B.
O'Brien Tracy Marvin February 10, 1955 7669 O'Brien Johnnie B.
O'Dell Ida February 27, 1947 Shields Charles E.
Oddi Guido Eugene June 7, 1983 E 6 83-57 Singer Michael F.
Odom Nora June 10, 1960 8043 Ward Beulah F.
Odom Nora June 10, 1960 8043 Odom Buford D.
Oles Michael Louis, Sr. March 6, 1985 E 3 85-17 Oles Michael L., Jr.
Olmstead Rosemary July 17, 1972 E 72-53 Olmstead Patrick R.
Otenburg Dottie July 5, 1972 E 72-42 Lind Melvin R.
Owen Florence M. January 25, 1949 Owen Logan R.
Owen Ruth S. February 11, 1959 7956 Owen Leslie D.
Owens Charles F. July 30, 1946 Owens Ernest E.
Owens William R. April 3, 1968 E 68-43 Owens Alton R.
Page Asa February 24, 1953 Parrish Lena, Mrs.
Page H. Marcella November 23, 1970 E 70-113 Page Donald J.
Palmer George E. June 12, 1951 Palmer Bernice E.
Parker Albert C. April 17, 1946 Parker Robert L.
Parker Elsie M. March 2, 1972 E 72-14 Stamper Lucille M.
Parker Fred R. December 7, 1966 E 66-87 Wildason Karl A.
Parks William Earl April 19, 1948 Parks Lula M.
Parsons Udolia M. May 13, 1949 Hanna Frank A.
Patterson Linnea E. April 10, 1961 E 61-24 Ayers Hildon E.
Patterson Marcus Winfield January 19, 1953 Patterson Maurice W.
Patterson Virgil December 6, 1963 E 63-79 Vandivier John C., Jr.
Peck Ethel M. September 1, 1964 E 64-75 Hadley Helen W.
Pennington Carrie B. July 7, 1950 Musselman Mary M.
Pennington Edgar C. April 21, 1950 Pennington Carrie B.
Phillips Alma C. January 19, 1953 West Lora A.
Phillips Emma E. February 28, 1962 E 62-10 Eggers William C.
Phillips James O. January 19, 1949 Phillips Clarence B.
Phillips Mary Ellen April 11, 1967 E 67-31 Lind Melvin R.
Phillips Richard James March 19, 1976 E 76-40 Plunkett Darrel L.
Phillips William J. October 4, 1972 E 72-76 Phillips Clarimonde E.
Pierson Bennie V. April 2, 1964 E 64-27 Pierson Ercie O.
Pierson Charles January 21, 1946 Pierson Bennie V.
Pierson Donald J. May 17, 1974 E 74-46 Pierson Charlotte G.
Pierson Estella M. August 20, 1948 Hendricks Robert N.
Pierson William T. October 16, 1945 Pierson Inez M.
Plasters Carrie Pearl August 18, 1986 E 8 86-96 Osborne Mary A.
Ploenges Clarence March 5, 1968 E 68-36 Hudson Paul B.
Plummer James William June 21, 1982 E 82-60 Plummer Mildred L.
Plunkett Alva C. August 5, 1964 E 64-69 Plunkett Cecil C.
Poe James B. June 25, 1945 Stevenson J.O.
Poer Clay C. January 26, 1952 Poer James R.
Pogue William Arthur February 6, 1968 E 68-18 Kline Janet E.
Poland Fern F. September 30, 1961 E 61-53 Poland Verl D.
Poland Fern F. September 30, 1961 E 61-53 Poland Laurel E.
Pollard James R. May 23, 1980 E 80-43 Davis Jim B.
Portwood John T. July 9, 1976 E 76-76 Portwood Donald E.
Potts Joyce A. September 23, 1986 E 9 86-113 Potts William F., Sr.
Pounds Winfield S. November 15, 1962 E 62-57 Pounds Lowell D.
Prater Joseph D. April 17, 1963 E 63-27 McHenry Robert A.
Pratt James A. July 14, 1965 E 65-49 Pratt Henry L.
Price Carl V. April 14, 1959 7966 Ryan Frank R.
Price Hazel Morris March 1, 1973 E 73-32 Price Robert M.
Price Hazel Morris March 1, 1973 E 73-32 Price Frank A.
Price Hazel Morris March 1, 1973 E 73-32 Parsons Mary C.
Price James D. January 30, 1978 E 78-8 Price Christopher J.
Price Jesse M. January 22, 1952 Price John W.
Price Kittie I. September 12, 1955 7722 Price Maurice H.
Price Maude M. November 8, 1974 E 74-97 Price Chester M.
Price Maude M. November 8, 1974 E 74-97 Coleman Rosamond B.
Pringle Harlan W. January 30, 1953 Weaver Hugh W.
Pritchett James Howard March 19, 1962 E 62-13 Pritchett Carl W.
Proctor Blanche Mae November 2, 1964 E 64-92 Proctor Leonard F.
Proctor James W., Sr. January 27, 1953 Proctor James W., Jr.
Pruett Rolla F. May 10, 1984 E 5 84-41 Hammond John R.
Quinn Harry J. August 31, 1965 E 65-62 Quinn Helen V.
Ragsdale Lora Ray January 7, 1961 E 61-1 Ragsdale Hobart E.
Ramsey Anna H. December 19, 1956 7800 Kendall John A.
Ramsey Herman W. July 22, 1970 E 70-70 Chambers George O.
Ramsey Lucy J. October 17, 1955 7728 Ramsey Albert N.
Ramsey Walter A. March 4, 1975 E 75-29 Ramsey Franklin O.
Randall Clifford A. June 4, 1985 E 5 85-56 Randall William L.
Randolph John E.F. April 29, 1952 Randolph Sandra H.
Rawlings Charles H. January 13, 1969 E 69-5 Hammonds John E.
Ray James V. January 30, 1981 E 81-13 Ray Wanda J.
Reed Albert January 26, 1976 E 76-14 Reed Fannie R.
Reed James A. February 28, 1950 Reed Walter T.
Reed Jewell March 10, 1975 E 75-33 Reed Charles T.
Rees Mary S. November 8, 1984 E 11 84-86 Rees Thomas H.
Reitzel Daniel H. March 14, 1977 E 77-31 Firkins Margaret A.
Reitzel J. Edgar May 7, 1979 E 79-48 Fruits Sharon C.
Reser Harvey C. September 10, 1950 Gentry Herschel A.
Reynolds Evaretta September 20, 1951 Ayers Hildon E.
Rhea Howard L. June 14, 1952 Rhea Roxie E.
Rhees Cecil F. July 8, 1952 Rhees Maxine V.
Richardson Bruce Edward August 22, 1956 7775 Richardson Nanna E.
Richardson Edna K. September 23, 1969 E 69-97 Richardson Thomas O.
Richardson Frank H. May 1, 1974 E 74-41 Richardson Faye J.
Richardson John T. October 28, 1947 Richardson Effie T.
Richardson John T. October 28, 1947 Richardson Wesley T.
Rigdon Elsie March 16, 1966 E 66-23 Raber Claud D.
Riley Naomi November 23, 1967 E 67-91 Cox Andrew J., Jr.
Riley Naomi November 23, 1967 E 67-91 Kendall John A.
Rissler John Charles July 13, 1982 E 82-68 Rissler Josephine M.
Roach Ora E. October 29, 1963 E 63-70 Bell Edith O.
Robards Charles W. October 1, 1945 Roberts Sally R.
Roberts Frank M. January 6, 1966 E 66-2 Roberts Hester A.
Roberts Gladys June 29, 1970 E 70-62 Lilly Pleas B.
Roberts Lorinda October 11, 1947 Webb Eugene L.
Robinson John W. July 26, 1946 Robinson Everett O.
Robinson Lida Sawyer December 22, 1980 E 80-112 Bostrom Katherine R.
Robinson Lillie F. February 19, 1958 Robinson Mabel L.
Rodney Clifford C. October 17, 1967 E 68-82 Rodney Mary M.
Rodney Effie M. March 29, 1947 Rodney Clifford C.
Roeder Minnie June 5, 1981 E 81-51 Weaver Hugh W.
Rose Webster August 9, 1957 7856 Cox Fern J.
Roseboom Arthur Noble September 29, 1961 E 61-52 Roseboom Arthur E.
Ross Elmer September 22, 1958 7923 Ross Eugene M.
Ross Howard F. January 5, 1972 E 71-99 Howard John M., Jr.
Ross Howard F. January 5, 1972 E 71-99 Ross Frances B.
Rost Fred, Sr. April 17, 1984 E 4 84-35 Rost Inez L.
Roth Paul A. November 28, 1952 Roth Lucile G.
Routh George E. February 5, 1963 E 63-7 Routh Howard F.
Rowan Ora E. July 12, 1971 E 71-54 Eggers W.C.
Rowe Rollin April 16, 1963 E 63-26 Rowe Noxie I.
Rumley Juda December 8, 1959 8009 Shelton Fred E.
Runnels Georgia M. December 30, 1971 E 71-97 Runnels Paul A.
Runnels James Grant February 2, 1945 Taylor John D.
Runyion Charles Alfred July 11, 1972 E 72-49 Lind Melvin R.
Rushton Levi Jasper April 13, 1945 Rushton Lloyd K.
Russell Lulu Esto May 22, 1967 E 67-45 Lind Melvin R.
Sallust Bernice T. June 5, 1970 E 70-48 Sallust Karroll T.
Salsman Joseph E. April 22, 1948 Salsman Vasil A.
Samuels Mattie February 8, 1967 E 67-16 Samuels Arthur E.
Sanders Grace November 12, 1981 E 81-116 Weaver Viola F.
Sanders Mattie J. October 28, 1948 Young Edna M.
Scheidler Thomas D. July 24, 1975 E 75-70 Lannerd Marilyn I.
Schenck Alverda February 13, 1946 Scamahorn Oscar T.
Schenck Ernest E. August 25, 1967 E 67-66 DeLong Opal O.
Schmalz Nell D. June 13, 1984 E 6 84-50 Adams Phyllis A.
Schmehr Fred March 15, 1951 Buechler Raymond E.
Schmid Maude Bernice October 9, 1963 E 63-65 Ensminger Fred D.
Schwartz John A. September 30, 1957 7863 Schwartz Raleigh E.
Scott Asa A. January 14, 1957 7806 Randle Lawrence N.
Scott Elizabeth Pearl January 29, 1957 7811 Randle Lawrence N.
Scott Floyd E. November 4, 1954 Scott Cecil F.
Scott Grace E. May 16, 1968 E 68-55 Hendricks Gladys L.
Scott Nathaniel W. March 19, 1951 Scott Forrest L.
Scott Opal A. January 10, 1986 E 1 86-4 Scott Max M.
Scotten Orval R. September 22, 1964 E 64-83 Kendall John A.
Seifert Mary E. July 21, 1964 E 64-65 Seifert Joseph E.
Selch Bertha O. December 12, 1966 E 66-90 Ayers Hildon E.
Sellers Maxwell E. September 27, 1972 E 72-74 Stevenson Allan J.
Seymour Max E. August 17, 1964 E 64-72 Seymour Carolina A.
Shackelford Lou Ella December 28, 1945 Buis Cornie L.
Shane Claude W. January 25, 1958 7878 Wallace Margaret L.
Shannon Aubrey K. January 12, 1967 E 67-4 Shannon Harold S.
Sharp Belle February 19, 1945 Rein John H.
Sharp Earl F. February 28, 1986 E 2 86-21 York Rick C.
Sharp Mary B. July 29, 1946 Sharp Josef B.
Sharp Nellie Lou February 19, 1957 7819 Golden Harold D.
Sharp Roy M. June 28, 1949 Golden Harold D.
Shartle Lena February 29, 1952 Shartle Clarence F.
Shaw Jessie Dell December 9, 1966 E 66-88 Rhea Kenneth C.
Sheets Albert March 21, 1957 7825 Sellars Claire J.
Sheets Marvin January 22, 1975 E 75-10 Pace Wendell E.
Shepherd Bessie S. February 15, 1955 7670 Francis Vivian S.
Shields Elizabeth B. November 13, 1981 E 81-117 Shields Donald W.
Shirley Elnora Hadley December 19, 1975 E 75-120 Crayton Lois S.
Shirley Wendell A. February 21, 1966 E 66-13 Haflich Gene P.
Shockley John C. September 10, 1946 Gatson Lillie G.
Shockley Mary Esther June 30, 1976 E 76-74 Shockley John H.
Shoffner Inez May 13, 1950 Kahl Hazel G.
Shotkowski Edward G. March 23, 1981 E 81-31 Faulkner Saundra M.
Simm Alice A. March 9, 1964 E 64-20 Simms Ernest Roger, Jr.
Simmons Myrtle E. August 18, 1972 E 72-64 Stevenson Allan J.
Simmons Robert A. April 10, 1969 E 69-32 Simmons Theodore R.
Smith Carrie Lillian September 30, 1963 E 63-62 Raber James S.
Smith Ermine Dewey January 25, 1966 E 66-10 Ayers Hildon E.
Smith I. Porter November 7, 1961 E 61-60 Smith Esther G.
Smith Lucy May April 19, 1965 E 65-30 Smith Milburn F.
Smith Minnie Effie August 16, 1949 Scamahorn Oscar T.
Smith Riley E. August 22, 1966 E 66-67 Dill Julius C.
Smith William F. December 31, 1953 Franklin William F.
Smoot Charles R. July 27, 1964 E 64-67 Smoot Glenn E.
Sowders Orville E. March 12, 1951 Sowders Carrie E.
Sparks Nettie B. March 14, 1949 Stout John M.
Spears Anna E. December 26, 1950 Spears Robert G.
Speedy Alonzo August 12, 1966 E 66-65 Lind Melvin R.
Spoor Richard C. February 23, 1978 E 78-14 Spoor Gerald R.
St. John David H. May 14, 1963 E 63-34 Mowrer Schuyler C.
Stanley George M. February 15, 1947 Scamahorn Oscar T.
Stanley Jennie March 11, 1966 E 66-21 Cox Henry N.
Stanley Julian M. September 16, 1960 8058 Stanley Leona A.
Stanley Leona A. May 8, 1979 E 79-49 Draper Jeraldine M.
Stanley William January 16, 1967 E 67-6 Stanley Charles A.
Stapert John December 17, 1954 7663 Stapert Rinze J.
Starr Ralph W., Jr. January 5, 1979 E 79-3 Starr Alyce J.
Steele Hobert December 18, 1982 E 82-132 Steele Marvin D.
Stephenson Jack Robert May 23, 1985 E 5 85-51 Stephenson Betty I.
Stephenson Lura September 10, 1965 E 65-64 Fields Leon W.
Stevenson Edgar March 31, 1948 Stevenson Sarah L.
Stevenson Edward A. December 30, 1971 E 71-98 Davis Jim B.
Stevenson Sarah L. June 9, 1949 Lewis Roy V.
Stewart Anna Laura October 17, 1956 7786 Loyd Ruth S.
Stewart Orene H. August 20, 1981 E 81-79 Klingstein William O.
Stickler Revona Ann October 30, 1983 E 11 83-120 Stickler Steven F.
Stipe Elvin E. May 7, 1957 7834 Stipe Maurice E.
Stipe Ruth E. November 21, 1977 E 77-107 Stipe Maurice E.
Stoelting A. Linden July 20, 1981 E 81-64 Stewart Robert E.
Stone William V. November 15, 1951 Smith Robert W.
Stout Hattie J. August 17, 1970 E 70-76 Stout Thelma M.
Stout Ottie M. July 18, 1972 E 72-54 Stout Merrill L.
Stovall Thomas Paul, Jr. September 5, 1979 E 79-90 Stovall Marilyn K.
Strouse Mary T. May 9, 1951 Harvey George L.
Stuart Eunice Isabel August 8, 1945 Stuart Edward M.
Summers Minerva September 29, 1967 E 67-80 Mowrer Schuyler C.
Swain Lela March 8, 1966 E 66-18 Parker Chester V.
Swindler William Harrison March 9, 1962 E 61-61 Martin Dorothy S.
Syrus Harold E. January 31, 1969 E 69-11 Syrus Sylvia K.
Taylor Harry F. April 13, 1949 Hadley George W.
Tharp Charles A. August 17, 1963 E 63-50 Tharp Willis E.
Tharp William W. March 5, 1958 7884 Tharp Willard O.
Thomas Clarkson B. March 24, 1948 McGonagle C.A.
Thompson Blanche G. October 30, 1978 E 78-98 Kirkpatrick Louanna T.
Thompson Clara V. October 4, 1955 7726 Wills Pauline T.
Thompson George M. March [blank] 1952 Jordan Fern T.
Thompson George M. March [blank] 1952 Thompson Earl L.
Thompson Jesse E. July 31, 1967 E 67-62 Thompson Harry E.
Thornburg L. Park September 22, 1976 E 76-93 Cummins George W., Sr.
Thorpe Earl Richard July 14, 1964 E 64-62 Pressell Violet M.
Tincher Maude F. September 9, 1965 E 65-65 Gentry William R.
Tooker Edna C. September 29, 1980 E 80-85 Mowrer Imogene C.
Towell Hardie M. May 6, 1950 Towell Irene W.
Towell Irene Wheeler August 16, 1977 E 77-84 Lanjhar Robert D.
Tracy Anne Chester July 2, 1965 E 65-45 Bingham James E.
Tucker Anita April 18, 1986 E 4 86-41 Blackmore Darlene A.
Tucker Earl October 13, 1965 E 65-73 Tucker NeNetah B.
Tucker Nenetah April 18, 1986 E 4 86-41 Blackmore Darlene A.
Turley Edith Miles October 20, 1969 E 69-105 Whalen Edward E.
Uhl Calvin December 2, 1944 Gilbert Ralph M.
Underwood Victor Raymond July 21, 1983 E 7 83-76 Underwood Minnie L.
Vannice Fauna J. September 11, 1970 E 70-91 Michel Norman W.
Vaughn Ella M. January 19, 1979 E 79-11 Jackson Lindell G.
Vaughn James Watson June 28, 1984 E 6 84-56 Fulwider Robert E.
Vice Cornelia E. May 12, 1948 Knight Chauncey D.
Walker Warner M. December 1, 1972 E 72-91 Leondis Mary C.
Wallace Luella February 29, 1952 Shartle Clarence F.
Wallace Pleasant H. January 5, 1945 Wallace Noble D.
Walls Avis Ruark November 21, 1968 E 68-109 McHaffie Robert E.
Walls Sara Berneice February 23, 1968 E 68-31 Walls William M.
Walsh Mary E. February 10, 1954 Raber Claud D.
Walter Charles August [blank] 1949 Walter C.H.
Walter Myrtle Z. June 4, 1953 Walter Charles H.
Walton Isabella September 25, 1970 E 70-93 Mowrer John C.
Walton Sarah B. February 18, 1976 E 76-22 Walton Frank E.
Walton Sarah B. February 18, 1976 E 76-22 Willard Eva A.
Walton William J. July 28, 1949 Adams William B.
Ward Millie Jane November 7, 1963 E 63-72 Ryan Frank R.
Ward Ray March 14, 1977 E 77-30 Ward Raymond E.
Ward Rose H. November 3, 1967 E 67-85 Raber Claud D.
Warren Martha J. August 29, 1947 Shepherd Sylvia A.
Warrick Homer A. April 18, 1983 E 4 83-36 Warrick Frank B.
Waters Elizabeth July 21, 1950 Clay James H.
Waters Eva S. February 25, 1955 7676 Reynolds Mary O.
Watkins Martha A. April 9, 1969 E 69-31 Hay Doris J.
Watkins Mary E. July 13, 1971 E 71-55 Etcheson W.E., Jr.
Way Walter G. December 22, 1949 Taylor John D.
Way Walter G. December 6, 1948 Taylor John D.
Weatherford Pearl J. June 13, 1977 E 77-64 Roberson Ray D.
Weatherman Harold E. July 10, 1945 Weatherman Ena V.
Weaver Cora L. April 22, 1947 Weaver Walter C.
Webb Albert L. June 4, 1947 Webb Raymond A.
Webb Albert L. October 11, 1947 Webb Eugene L.
Webb Raymond A. October 11, 1947 Webb Eugene L.
Weddle Donald James January 10, 1972 E 72-4 Weddle Delbert R.
Weesner Ruth D. December 31, 1951 Weesner Edward J.
Weisbach George V. June 27, 1957 7848 Kirk Thelma W.
Welborn Dinah M. May 12, 1948 Davis Emma I.
Welty Anna Elizabeth May 2, 1980 E 80-41 Lydick B.E.
Wendling Emma H. February 28, 1968 E 68-33 Davis Charles M.
West Homer January 7, 1952 West Julia A.
West Lora A. June 16, 1955 7704 Phillips Aldus W.
West Robert N. February 15, 1945 West Brytus E.
Westfall Helen Eileen Stokes December 19, 1986 E 12 86-146 Wood Robert A.
Wheeler Eden March 3, 1960 8023 Grounds Margaret E.
Whitaker Edith F. April 19, 1978 E 78-41 David Virginia L.
White Alice September 25, 1956 7783 Edwards John W.
Whitenack Willa April 28, 1964 E 64-36 Mason Carlyle L.
Wiley Myrtie M. April 30, 1969 E 69-45 Lind Melvin R.
Wilhoite Ralph G. September 9, 1958 7919 Scamahorn Oscar T.
Wilkening Warren Roland February 1, 1954 7610 Hall Leon A.
Williams Charles Otis November 27, 1951 Shelton Fred E.
Williams Charles R. November 2, 1981 E 81-108 Williams Carlena A.
Williams David Gene November 16, 1982 E 82-118 Williams Trudy D.
Williams Florence F. January 3, 1969 E 69-2 Wortman Loretta R.
Williams Fred M. February 18, 1964 E 64-14 Martin Barbara J.
Williams Gladys Ethelene January 13, 1986 E 11 85-120 Williams Henry M., Jr.
Williams Hazel J. June 11, 1975 E 75-55 Cork Hazel J.
Williams Iva H. August 9, 1966 E 66-59 Worrell Bernice M.
Williams James Worthington June 12, 1963 E 63-39 Albertson John W.
Williams Jessie Ladoscia January 21, 1964 E 64-6 Shaw John E.
Williams Marie G. May 8, 1972 E 72-31 Williams Donald R.
Wilson Allen J. November 22, 1948 Wilson Josephine H.
Wilson Beulah B. September 29, 1983 E 9 83-102 Wilson Garland E.
Wilson Christina B. April 29, 1971 E 71-33 Wilson Benjamin E.
Wilson James L. April 28, 1961 E 61-27 Wilson Lester G.
Wilson Lillian K. January 3, 1969 E 69-3 Boots Jane R.
Wolf Comer Day September 2, 1976 E 76-87 Wolf David G.
Wood Bessie B. February 24, 1978 E 78-17 Thomas Roberta L.
Wood William W. January 16, 1954 Wood Maurice A.
Worrell Lee K. April 30, 1957 7833 Worrell Laura L.
Wren Anna M. November 22, 1946 Wren George M.
Wright Francis M. November 29, 1950 Wright Josephine B.
Yaden Cecil L. September 8, 1967 Alexander Priscilla Y.
Young Marie M. November 28, 1972 E 72-90 Alkire Betty M.
Zimmerman Charles E. June 13, 1949 Zimmerman Harry P.
Zimmerman Julia Anna November 19, 1953 Zimmerman Marvin M.
Zimpelman Florence Ona December 8, 1967 E 67-93 Kersey Esta E.

matches: V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V. V.


In a prosecution for conspiracy corruptly and by threats and force to obstruct the due administration of justice in a circuit court of the United States, the combination of minds for the unlawful purpose and the overt act in effectuation of that purpose must appear charged in the indictment.
A conspiracy is sufficiently described as a combination of two or more persons, by concerted action, to accomplish a criminal or unlawful purpose or some purpose not in itself criminal or unlawful by criminal or unlawful means.
When the criminality of a conspiracy consists in an unlawful agreement of two or more persons to compass or promote some criminal or illegal purpose, that purpose must be fully and clearly stated in the indictment, while if the criminality of the offense consists in the agreement to accomplish a purpose not in itself criminal or unlawful by criminal or unlawful means, the means must be set out.
An indictment against a person for corruptly or by threats or force endeavoring to influence, intimidate, or impede a witness or officer in a court of the United States in the discharge of his duty must charge knowledge or notice, or set out facts that show knowledge or notice, on the part of the accused that the witness or officer was such.
A person is not sufficiently charged in such case with obstructing or impeding the due administration of justice in a court unless it appear that he knew or had notice that justice was being administered in such court.
"SEC. 5399. Every person who corruptly or by threats or force endeavors to influence, intimidate, or impede any witness or officer in any court of the United States in the discharge of his duty or corruptly or by threats or force obstructs or impedes or endeavors to obstruct or impede the due administration of justice therein shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars or by imprisonment not more than three months, or both. "
"SEC. 5440. If two or more persons conspire either to commit any offense against the United States or to defraud the United States in any manner or for any purpose, and one or more of such parties do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, all the parties to such conspiracy shall be liable to a penalty of not more than ten thousand dollars, or to imprisonment for not more than two years, or to both fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court."
mills of complainant, or in or upon any mining or other property of complainant, or from preventing anyone from entering the service of the complainant herein or in any unlawful manner interfering with the business of said complainant in employing persons to work upon its said property, or from going upon any part of the said complainant's property without permission from the complainant or its agents or employees so to do or in any manner entering upon the works of the complainant, or within the buildings of the complainant without its consent or the consent of its managers, agents, or employees, and reference is hereby had to the bill of complaint herein, to which your attention is hereby directed, until the further order of this Court, or the judge thereof, and the foregoing restraining order is also directed against the agents, servants, aiders, abettors, members, and associates of the defendants or either of them."
"at Shoshone County, within the Northern Division of the District of Idaho aforesaid, did unlawfully, corruptly, fraudulently, and feloniously conspire, combine, confederate, and agree together to commit an offense against the United States as follows, to-wit,' said defendants did, then and there, 'unlawfully, corruptly, fraudulently, and feloniously conspire, combine, confederate, and agree together to intimidate, by force and threats of violence, the employees of the said Bunker Hill and Sullivan Mining and Concentrating Company, then working in and upon the mines of the said company and within and around the mill and other buildings of the said company in said Shoshone County, said mines, mill, and other buildings of said company being then and there the mines, mill, and other buildings mentioned and described in said writ of injunction, with the intent then and thereby on the part of the said"
"to compel the employees of the said Bunker Hill and Sullivan Mining and Concentrating Company to abandon their work in and upon the mines, mill, and other buildings of the said mining company last mentioned;"
then and there further unlawfully, fraudulently, corruptly, and feloniously conspire, combine, confederate, and agree together to intimidate, by force and threats of violence, the officers and agents of the said Bunker Hill and Sullivan Mining and Concentrating Company, with the intent then and there and thereby, by means of said force and threats of violence, to compel the officers and agents of said mining company to discharge and dismiss from the employ of the said mining company all employees (other than such persons as were members of what is called the 'Miners' Union') who were working either upon or within the mines of the said company and in the said company's mill and other buildings, which said last-mentioned mines, mill, and other buildings are the mines, mill, and other buildings mentioned and described in the aforesaid writ of injunction issued out of the said United States circuit court."
and force the said employees, by the intimidation and violence and threats of violence aforesaid, to abandon and leave and cease their said employment under said company, and their work in and upon the mines, mill, and other buildings of the said mining company last mentioned."
And the defendants did, by intimidation and violence and threats of force and violence, intimidate and compel the officers and agents of said Bunker Hill Company, against their will and consent, to discharge and dismiss from the service and employment of the company all its employees other than such persons as were members of what was called the "Miners' Union," who were then working in and upon the property of the company.
"at the said Shoshone County, within the said Northern Division of the District of Idaho, did, on the 11th day of July, 1892, unlawfully, willfully, fraudulently, and feloniously conspire, combine, confederate, and agree together to commit an offense against the United States, to-wit, to corruptly, and by force and threats, obstruct and impede the due administration of justice in the aforesaid United States circuit court for the Ninth Judicial Circuit, District of Idaho, and did thereafter, on the 12th day of July, 1892, in pursuance of said unlawful and malicious combination and conspiracy, unlawfully, willfully and feloniously, in the manner and form aforesaid, corruptly, and by force and threats of violence, obstruct and impede the due administration of justice in the aforesaid United States circuit court. All of which is contrary to the form, force, and effect of the United States statutes in such cases made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the United States."
Motions to quash and demurrers were filed and overruled, and, after verdict, motions in arrest were made and denied. Plaintiffs in error were convicted and sentenced to imprisonment in the Detroit House of Correction, George A. Pettibone, for 2 years, John Murphy, for 15 months, and M. L. Devine and C. Sinclair, for 18 months each.
This writ of error was thereupon allowed.
Under section 5399, any person who corruptly endeavors to influence, intimidate, or impede any witness or officer in any court of the United States in the discharge of his duty, or corruptly, or by threats or force, obstructs or impedes or endeavors to obstruct or impede the due administration of justice therein is punishable by a fine of not more than $500, or by imprisonment not more than three months, or both, and under section 5440, if two or more persons conspire to commit an offense against, or defraud, the United States, and one or more of them do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, all the parties are liable to a fine of not more than $10,000 or to imprisonment for not more than two years or to both. The confederacy to commit the offense is the gist of the criminality under this section, although, to complete it, some act to effect the object of the conspiracy is needed, United States v. Hirsch, 100 U. S. 33.
This is a conviction for conspiracy corruptly and by threats and force to obstruct the due administration of justice in the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Idaho, and the combination of minds for the unlawful purpose, and the overt act in effectuation of that purpose, must appear charged in the indictment.
under section 5440 of the Revised Statutes that the conspiracy must be sufficiently charged, and cannot be aided by averments of acts done by one or more of the conspirators in furtherance of the object of the conspiracy.
The courts of the United States have no jurisdiction over offenses not made punishable by the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States, but they resort to the common law for the definition of terms by which offenses are designated.
A conspiracy is sufficiently described as a combination of two or more persons, by concerted action, to accomplish a criminal or unlawful purpose or some purpose not in itself criminal or unlawful by criminal or unlawful means, and the rule is accepted, as laid down by Chief Justice Shaw in Commonwealth v. Hunt, 4 Metc. 111, that when the criminality of a conspiracy consists in an unlawful agreement of two or more persons to compass or promote some criminal or illegal purpose, that purpose must be fully and clearly stated in the indictment, while if the criminality of the offense consists in the agreement to accomplish a purpose not in itself criminal or unlawful by criminal or unlawful means, the means must be set out.
This indictment does not in terms aver that it was the purpose of the conspiracy to violate the injunction referred to or to impede or obstruct the due administration of justice in the circuit court, but it states as a legal conclusion from the previous allegations that the defendants conspired so to obstruct and impede. It had previously averred that the defendants conspired, by intimidation, to compel the officers of the mining company to discharge their employees, and the employees to leave the service of the company, a conspiracy which was not an offense against the United States, though it was against the state. Rev.Stats. of Idaho, § 6541. The injunction was also set out, and it was alleged that the defendants did intimidate and compel the employees to abandon work, but the indictment nowhere made the direct charge that the purpose of the conspiracy was to violate the injunction or to interfere with proceedings in the circuit court.
The combination to commit an offense against the United States was averred to consist in a conspiracy against the state, and the completed act to have been in pursuance of such conspiracy, but the pleader carefully avoided the direct averment that the purpose of the confederation was the interruption of the course of justice in the United States court.
Nor did the indictment charge that the defendants were ever served with process or otherwise brought into court, or that they were ever in any manner notified of the issue of the writ or of the pendency of any proceedings in the circuit court.
That this omission was advisedly made is apparent from the statement in the bill of exceptions that there was no evidence given on the trial showing or tending to show that the writ of injunction mentioned and set forth in the indictment was served upon the defendants or either or them, or that they or either of them had any notice or knowledge of the issue thereof.
"In an indictment upon a statute, it is not sufficient to set forth the offense in the words of the statute unless those words, of themselves, fully, directly, and expressly, without any uncertainty or ambiguity, set forth all the elements necessary to constitute the offense intended to be punished, and the fact that the statute in question, read in the light of the common law, and of other statutes on the like matter, enables the court to infer the intent of the legislature does not dispense with the necessity of alleging in the indictment all the facts necessary to bring the case within that intent."
That was the case of an indictment for passing a forged obligation of the United States, and it was held that by omitting the allegation that the defendant knew the instrument which he uttered to be forged, it had failed to charge him with any crime.
was a witness or officer in order to conviction of the charge of influencing, intimidating, or impeding such witness or officer in the discharge of his duty, so it must be necessary for the accused to have knowledge or notice or information of the pendency of proceedings in the United States court or the progress of the administration of justice therein before he can be found guilty of obstructing or impeding or endeavoring to obstruct or impede the same.
In United States v. Bittinger, 15 Am.L.Reg. (N.S.) 49, it was held that a person is a witness, under section 5399 of the Revised Statutes, who is designated as such, either by the issue of a subpoena or by the endorsement of his name on the complaint, but that, before anyone could be said to have endeavored to corruptly influence a witness under that section, he must have known that the witness had been properly designated as such. United States v. Kee, 39 F. 603.
In United States v. Keen, 5 Mason, 453, it was ruled by Mr. Justice Story and Judge Davis that it was no defense to an indictment for forcibly obstructing or impeding an officer of the customs, in the discharge of his duty, that the object of the party was personal chastisement, and not to obstruct or impede the officer in the discharge of his duty, if he knew the officer to be so engaged.
In case of that sort it is the official character that creates the offense, and the scienter is necessary. King v. Osmer, 5 East 304; King v. Everett, 8 B. and C. 114; State v. Carpenter, 54 Vt. 551; State v. Burt, 25 Vt. 373; State v. Maloney, 12 R.I. 251; State v. Downer, 8 Vt. 429; Commonwealth v. Israel, 4 Leigh 675; Yates v. People, 32 N.Y. 509; Commonwealth v. Kirby, 2 Cush. 577; State v. Hilton, 26 Mo. 199; State v. Smith, 11 Or. 205; Horan v. State, 7 Tex.App. 183; Duncan v. State, 7 Humph. 148; State v. Hailey, 2 Strob. 73; State v. Beasom, 70 N.H. 367.
This is so whenever knowledge is an essential ingredient of the offense and not implied in the statement of the act itself. Whart.Crim.Pl. & Pr. § 164.
obstructs, resists, or opposes any officer of the United States, in serving or attempting to serve or execute any mesne process or warrant or any rule of or order of any court of the United States may be imprisoned and fined. It was held in United States v. Tinklepaugh, 3 Blatchford 425, that an indictment under this section must distinctly state and charge that a legal process, warrant, etc., was issued by a court of the United States and was in the hands of some officer of the United States for service who had authority to serve that same, and that after such process was in the hands of the officer for service, someone knowingly and willfully obstructed, resisted, or opposed him in serving or attempting to execute the same. And in United States v. Stowell, 2 Curtis 153, it was decided that an averment that the warrant resisted was issued by a commissioner was not good, but the facts constituting the due issue must be recited, and the absence of an averment that the commissioner who issued the warrant was thereto authorized could not be aided by referring to the court records. United States v. Wilcox, 4 Blatchford 391.
knowledge or notice, that the writ has been issued or the order entered, or at least that application is to be made; but without service of process or knowledge or notice or information of the pendency of proceedings, a violation cannot be made out. 2 Dan.Ch.Pr. (4th Amer. ed.) 1684; 2 High on Injunctions (3d ed.) §§ 1421, 1452; Winslow v. Nayson, 113 Mass. 411.
Undoubtedly it is a condition of penal laws that ignorance of them constitutes no defense to an indictment for their violation, but that rule has no application here. The obstruction of the due administration of justice in any court of the United States, corruptly or by threats or force, is indeed made criminal, but such obstruction can only arise when justice is being administered. Unless that fact exists, the statutory offense cannot be committed, and while, with knowledge or notice of that fact, the intent to offend accompanies obstructive action, without such knowledge or notice, the evil intent is lacking. It is enough that the thing is done which the statute forbids, provided the situation invokes the protection of the law and the accused is chargeable with knowledge or notice of the situation, but not otherwise.
It is insisted, however, that the evil intent is to be found not in the intent to violate the United States statute, but in the intent to commit an unlawful act in the doing of which justice was in fact obstructed, and that therefore the intent to proceed in the obstruction of justice must be supplied by a fiction of law. But the specific intent to violate the statute must exist to justify a conviction, and, this being so, the doctrine that there may be a transfer of intent in regard to crimes flowing from general malevolence has no applicability. 1 Bish.Crim.Law § 335. It is true that if the act in question is a natural and probable consequence of an intended wrongful act, then the unintended wrong may derive its character from the wrong that was intended; but if the unintended wrong was not a natural and probable consequence of the intended wrongful act, then this artificial character cannot be ascribed to it as a basis of guilty intent. The element is wanting through which such quality might be imparted.
In re Coy, 127 U. S. 731, illustrates this distinction. There, the acts of Congress and the statutes of Indiana made it a criminal offense for an inspector of elections or other election officer to whom was committed the safekeeping and delivery to the board of canvassers of the poll books, tally sheets, and certificates of the votes to fail to perform this duty of safekeeping and delivery, and it was held that in an indictment in a United States court for a conspiracy to induce those officers to omit such duty in order that the documents mentioned might come to the hands of improper persons, who tampered with and falsified the returns at an election which included a member of Congress, it was not necessary to allege or prove that it was the intention of the conspirators to affect the election of the member of Congress who was voted for at that place the returns of which were in the same poll books, tally sheets, and certificates with those for state officers, and that the danger which might arise from the exposure of the papers to the chance of falsification or other tampering was not removed because the purpose of the conspirators was to violate the returns as to state officers, and not the returns as to the member of Congress.
to the opportunity for their falsification, or to the danger of such changes or forgeries as might affect that election, dispensed with the necessity of an averment or proof that there was a specific intent or design to influence the congressional election.
Nor is this all. The unlawful act which the defendants are charged with conspiring to commit was not an offense against the United States, so that, if the defendants were held guilty of a conspiracy to violate the injunction or interfere with proceedings about which they knew nothing, such conviction would have to rest upon a conspiracy to commit an act unlawful in another jurisdiction, and in itself a separate and distinct offense therein.
While offenses exclusively against the states are exclusively cognizable in the state courts and offenses exclusively against the United States are exclusively cognizable in the federal courts, it is also settled that the same act or series of acts may constitute an offense equally against the United States and the state, subjecting the guilty party to punishment under the laws of each government. Cross v. North Carolina, 132 U. S. 131, 132 U. S. 139. But here we have two offenses in the character of which there is no identity, and to convict defendants of a conspiracy to obstruct and impede the due administration of justice in a United States court because they were guilty of a conspiracy to commit an act unlawful as against the state, the evil intent presumed to exist in the latter case must be imputed to them, although ignorance in fact of the pendency of the proceedings would have otherwise constituted a defense, and the intent related to a crime against the state.
The power of the United States court was not invoked to prohibit or to punish the perpetration of a crime against the state. The injunction rested on the jurisdiction to restrain the infliction of injury upon the complainant. The criminal character of the interference may have contributed to strengthen the grounds of the application, but could not and did not form its basis.
crime against the state in the circuit court, but their offense against the United States consisted entirely in the violation of the statute of the United States by corruptly or by threats or force impeding or obstructing the due administration of justice. If they were not guilty of that, they could not be convicted, and neither the indictment nor the case can be helped out by reference to the alleged crime against the state, and the defendants be punished for the latter under the guise of a proceeding to punish them for an offense which they did not commit.
The judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded, with instructions to quash the indictment and discharge the defendants.
I dissent from the opinion and judgment in this case. The burden of the decision is, as I understand it, that the indictment is fatally defective because it does not allege that the defendants knew of the injunction, and also that the conspiracy was to obstruct the administration of justice in the federal court. In other words, the defendants cannot be convicted of obstructing the administration of justice in the federal court, because they did not know that justice was being there administered, and that, as they did not combine with the intent of obstructing the administration of justice, no such intent can in law be imputed to them. I insist that the true rule is that where parties combine in an unlawful undertaking -- and by that I mean an undertaking unlawful in and of itself, and not one simply forbidden by statute, one which is malum in se, as distinguished from malum prohibitum -- they are amenable to the bar of criminal justice for every violation of law they in fact commit, whether such violation is intended or not.
"If divers persons come in one company to do any unlawful thing, as to kill, rob, or beat a man, or to commit a riot, or to do any other trespass, and one of them, in doing thereof, kill a man, this shall be adjudged murder in them all that are present of that party abetting him and consenting to the act or ready to aid him, although they did but look on."
"Where divers persons resolve generally to resist all opposers in the commission of any breach of the peace, and to execute it with violence or in such a manner as naturally tends to raise tumults and affrays, as by committing a violent disseisin with great numbers, or going to beat a man, or rob a park, or standing in opposition to the sheriff's posse, . . . they must, at their peril, abide the event of their actions."
where there is a conspiracy to accomplish an unlawful purpose [as the forcible driving out of the new miners was], and the means are not specifically agreed upon or understood, each conspirator becomes responsible for the means used by any coconspirator in the accomplishment of the purpose in which they are all at the time engaged."
See also Hamilton v. People, 113 Ill. 34; Stephens v. State, 42 Ohio St. 150; State v. Allen, 47 Conn. 121.
Applying these authorities to this case, if, while these defendants were thus forcibly driving the employees of the mining companies away from their work, one of them had shot and killed a resisting employee, would not all be guilty of murder, although only the single party had a thought of murder in his heart? Of course, I do not mean to claim that if a number are engaged in a single unlawful undertaking, and one of them steps aside and commits an entirely independent crime, all are responsible for that; but I do insist that if all are engaged in an unlawful undertaking, and while so engaged and in carrying out that undertaking, one commits an additional offense not within the actual thought and intent of his coconspirators, all are guilty of that additional offense. And in like manner, where parties conspire and combine to do an unlawful act, and in carrying that unlawful purpose into execution they do in fact violate a statute, of whose terms they may be ignorant, and therefore one which they did not intend to violate, they are in law guilty of its violation, and may be punished accordingly. The law under those circumstances imputes to the wrongdoer the intent to violate every law which he does in fact violate. So as these parties are guilty of this most unlawful act, this gross breach of the peace, this act which in and of itself was a flagrant wrong against the rights of individuals, both employers and employees, they should be chargeable with the intent to commit every violation of law which they did in fact commit. And when parties stop injunctive process, they impede the administration of justice.
"The indictment in this case charges a conspiracy to induce certain election officers appointed under the laws of Indiana to commit a crime against the United States, the crime being the alleged omission by them to perform certain duties imposed by the laws of that state respecting elections. But it contains no allegation that the alleged conspiracy was to affect the election of a member of Congress, which, as said above, appears to me to be essential to bring the offense within the jurisdiction of the court. If the conspiracy was to affect the election of a state officer, no offense was committed cognizable in the district court of the United States. If it had any other object than to affect the election of a member of Congress, it was a matter exclusively for the cognizance of the state courts."
me that in this opinion the Court endorses the views expressed by MR. JUSTICE FIELD in that dissent and then repudiated by a majority of the Court.
I am authorized to say that MR. JUSTICE BROWN agrees with me in this dissent.


What Safety Regulations Apply to Me?
This is a common question asked by many types of motor carriers. Who is a motor carrier? Basically, it is anyone that uses a “commercial vehicle” to conduct business on the roadways. This, in most cases, includes tow operators.
FIRST QUESTION, ‘DO YOU OPERATE COMMERCIAL VEHICLES’?
Is carrying a placardable amount of a hazardous material.
“Interstate commerce” is business that crosses state lines. In the case of carriers, it means either the vehicle or the cargo is destined to, or has, crossed a state line as part of the carrier’s movements. In the case of a tow operation, the “cargo” is the vehicle being towed. If the commercial vehicle is used in intrastate commerce, then the state’s definition of a commercial vehicle applies. Many states have adopted the FMCSA’s definition, but other states use their own definition.
SO YOU OPERATE COMMERCIAL VEHICLES. THE NEXT QUESTION IS, ‘WHAT RULES APPLY’?
If you operate vehicles that meet the FMCSA or state definition of a commercial vehicle, the FMCSA or state’s safety regulations will apply to your operation. If you are an intrastate carrier, you need to be aware that most states have adopted the majority of the FMCSA safety regulations for their intrastate carriers. Therefore, the FMCSA regulations or a slight variation of them may very likely apply to you. The key areas that these regulations cover are carrier credentialing, driver licensing and qualifications (and possibly drug testing), vehicle parts and accessories, hours of service, and vehicle inspection and maintenance. In this article we will discuss these requirements, and following each requirement will be the FMCSA regulation number involved if you want to look up the details.
Carriers that operate in interstate commerce must file an MCS-150 and be issued a USDOT number (see §390.19). If the carrier is charging the public for the service they provide (not just hauling cargo the company owns), the carrier must also have “for-hire authority.” Most states have a similar structure when it comes to their intrastate carriers. In addition, some states and municipalities have additional requirements on tow operators under their jurisdiction. In the case of a for-hire carrier, the company may also be subject to specific insurance minimums (see Part 387).
Once the company becomes a registered carrier, the vehicles must be marked in accordance with the regulations (see §390.21) and the company must maintain an “accident register” where all accidents the company is involved in are recorded. The FMCSA considers an accident to be an occurrence involving a company vehicle that resulted in a death, an injury requiring immediate treatment away from the scene, or a vehicle having to be towed away from the scene due to disabling damage (see §390.15).
Drivers must have the correct license for the vehicle being operated. If the vehicle qualifies as a CDL Class A vehicle (a vehicle weighing or rated at 26,001 pounds or more pulling a towed unit weighing or rated for 10,001 pounds or more) the driver must have a Class A CDL. If the unit being towed is a combination vehicle that has multiple units, the driver would also need to have the “double/triple” endorsement as well as a Class A CDL. If the towing unit weighs more than 26,001 pounds and the towed unit is under the 10,001 pound threshold, then a Class B CDL is required. If the combination is 26,000 pounds or less, and the towed unit is 10,000 pounds or less (and is carrying no placarded hazardous materials), a regular driver’s license is all that is required in most states (see §383.91).
If the vehicle being towed would require the driver of the vehicle to have a special endorsement to his/her CDL (hazardous materials, tanker, etc.) then the tow truck driver would need to have that endorsement as well (see §383.93).
The driver must also have passed a physical and have a valid medical card (see §391.43). The company must have a driver qualification file showing that the driver meets the driver qualification requirements. This file would need to include the driver’s application (§391.21), the background checks done when the driver was hired (§391.23), annual MVR checks (§391.25), annual reviews of driver’s performance (§391.27), road test certificate or equivalent (§391.31 and §391.33), and a copy of the driver’s medical card (§391.43).
Some jurisdictions have additional driver qualification requirements for drivers of tow truck drivers (such as a tow operator certification). If the driver operates a vehicle requiring a CDL to operate, the driver must have been provided a copy of the company’s drug and alcohol policy (see §382.601), and the company must have gotten a verified negative test result and have it on file before using the driver (see §382.301). The company must also have the driver on the random drug and alcohol testing selection list (see §382.305).
To record their hours-of-service compliance, drivers must maintain a “record of duty status,” better known as a “log” (see §395.8). There are exceptions for drivers that operate in “short haul” operations that can allow the company to use time records in place of the driver having to complete a log. The details of these exceptions are in the FMCSA regulations at §395.1(e). The key is that the driver cannot drive once one of these limits is reached, whether the driver is keeping a log or operating under one of the exceptions that allow time records to be kept in place of logs. The driver can still work, just not drive.
Just like the drivers, once a vehicle is a commercial vehicle, certain regulations apply. To begin with, the vehicle needs to be equipped in accordance with Part 393 of the regulations. These regulations mandate what parts and accessories are required and what condition they must be in. The vehicle then must be inspected and maintained by the company in accordance with Part 396, and maintenance records must be kept showing that the vehicle has been systematically inspected, maintained, lubricated, and repaired when necessary (see §396.3). The vehicle and cargo also must be inspected by the driver at the beginning of the workday and the driver must submit a report stating the condition of the vehicle at the end of the day (this is referred to as a driver vehicle inspection report or DVIR). These requirements are covered in the regulations at §392.7, §392.9, §396.11, and §396.13.
Finally, the vehicle must pass a very specific inspection called a “periodic inspection” (commonly called an “annual inspection”) as required by §396.17. If the state has an equivalent inspection that the commercial vehicle must undergo, this can take the place of this required inspection.
A request from law enforcement to assist in clearing an accident or disabled vehicle from traffic.
Operating in support of a declared disaster.
When responding to a request from law enforcement or in the case of a declared disaster, the driver and vehicle are only exempted from the regulations when he/she is responding to, operating in direct support of, and returning from the event. In both cases, the regulations in Parts 390 to 399 are the regulations the driver and vehicle are exempted from, meaning that, if the vehicle requires a CDL driver to operate it, the drug and alcohol regulations in Part 382 and CDL regulations in Part 383 still apply. What it comes down to is, if the driver is doing “every day towing” (such as customer called- in tows, dealer tows, or auction tows) and not operating in one of the two emergency situations discussed above, all of the rules that normally apply to a commercial vehicle and its driver apply. The driver is only exempt from the rules in Parts 390 to 399 when the driver is involved in emergency or disaster relief operations.


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An ordinance passed by the board of aldermen of the City of Greensboro, North Carolina, in pursuance of powers conferred by the legislature of the state, that every person engaged in the business of selling or delivering picture frames, pictures, photographs or likenesses of the human face in the City of Greensboro, whether an order for the same shall have been previously taken or not, shall pay a license tax of ten dollars for each year, is an attempt to interfere with, and to regulate commerce, and as such is invalid as to an agent of a corporation residing out of the state. Where a portrait company carrying on business in one state obtains orders through an agent in another state for pictures and frames, the fact that, in filling the orders, it ships the pictures and frames in separate packages, for convenience in packing and handling, to its own agent, who places the pictures in their proper places or frames and delivers them to the persons ordering them, does not deprive the transaction of its character of interstate commerce, or take it out of the salutary protection of the commerce clause of the federal Constitution.
"The business mentioned in the ordinance. following is not"
named in the charter of the city, other than in the above section.
"That the following is an ordinance duly passed by the Board of Aldermen of the City of Greensboro under and by virtue of the foregoing section of said charter, and prior to any of the orders being taken:"
" Be it ordained by the Board of Aldermen of the City of Greensboro, North Carolina:"
for the same shall have been previously taken or not, unless the said business is carried on by the same person in connection with some other business for which a license has already been paid to the city, shall pay a license tax of ten dollars for each year."
" Any person engaging in said business without having paid the license tax required herein shall be fined twenty dollars, and each and every sale or delivery shall constitute a separate and distinct offense."
"That neither the defendant, the Chicago Portrait Company, nor any of the employees of the Chicago Portrait Company, have paid the city any license tax."
"If, upon the foregoing facts, the court shall be of opinion that the defendant is guilty, the jury say that he is guilty; otherwise they say that he is not guilty."
"That on the ___ day of _____, 1900, the defendant, being employed by the Chicago Portrait Company, a foreign corporation, of Chicago, Illinois, came to Greensboro for the purpose of delivering certain pictures and frames for which contracts of sale had previously been made by other employees of the Chicago Portrait Company, who had preceded the defendant in Greensboro;"
"That the defendant went to the Southern Railway freight station and took therefrom large packages of pictures and frames which had been shipped to Greensboro, North Carolina, addressed to the Chicago Portrait Company, carried these packages to the rooms of the defendant in the Woods House, a hotel in the City of Greensboro, and there broke the bulk, placing said pictures in their proper frames, and from this point delivered the pictures one at a time to the purchasers in the City of Greensboro;"
"The defendant had been engaged in this work two days when arrested;"
"That section 57 of the Charter of the City of Greensboro, North Carolina, is as follows:"
by suit, or the articles upon which the tax is imposed, or any other property of the owner made by forthwith distrained and sold to satisfy the same, namely:"
" 21. Upon all subjects taxed under Schedule B, chapter one hundred and thirty six, Laws of North Carolina, session of one thousand eight hundred and eighty-three, not heretofore provided for, shall pay a license or privilege tax of ten dollars. And the board of aldermen shall have power to impose a license tax on any business carried on in the City of Greensboro not before enumerated herein, not to exceed ten dollars a year."
Upon this special verdict, the court adjudged that defendant was guilty and sentenced him to pay a fine of twenty dollars and costs of the action. From this judgment the defendant appealed to the Supreme Court of North Carolina. That court, Faircloth, C.J., and Clark, J., dissenting, on November 7, 1900, affirmed the judgment of the superior court, and thereupon the cause was brought to this Court by a writ of error allowed by the chief justice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina.
we think the case falls within previous decisions of this Court on this subject.
"all drummers and all persons not having a regular licensed house of business in the taxing district, offering for sale or selling goods, wares, or merchandise therein by sample, shall be required to pay to the county trustee the sum of $10 per week or $25 per month for such privilege, and no license shall be issued for a longer period of three months."
employment or business exercised under authority of the Constitution and laws of the United States, and imposes taxes upon all property within the state, mingled with and forming part of the great mass of property therein, but that, in making such internal regulations, a state cannot impose taxes upon persons passing through the state, or coming into it merely for a temporary purpose, especially if connected with interstate or foreign commerce; nor can it impose such taxes upon property imported into the state from abroad, or from another state, and not become part of the common mass of property therein, and no discrimination can be made, by such regulations, adversely to the persons or property of other states, and no regulations can be made directly affecting interstate commerce.
protection of its own citizens, we are brought back to the condition of things which existed before the adoption of the Constitution, and which was one of the principal causes that led to it. If the selling of goods by sample and the employment of drummers for that purpose injuriously affect the local interest of the states, Congress, if applied to, will undoubtedly make such reasonable regulations as the case may demand. And Congress alone can do it, for it is obvious that such regulations should be based on a uniform system applicable to the whole country, and not left to the varied, discordant, or retaliatory enactments of forty different states. The confusion into which the commerce of the country would be thrown by being subject to state legislating on this subject would be but a repetition of the disorder which prevailed under the articles of confederation."
Asher v. Texas, 128 U. S. 129, was a case where a state statute required from "every commercial traveler, drummer, salesman, or solicitor of trade, by sample or otherwise, an annual occupation tax," and such legislation was declared inoperative so far as it affected one soliciting orders for a business house in another state. The same doctrine was held in Stoutenburgh v. Hennick, 129 U. S. 141, in the case of an agent of a Maryland business house soliciting orders in the District of Columbia without having taken out a license as required by an act of the Legislative Assembly of the District of Columbia.
"The character of police regulation, claimed for the requirements of the statute in question, is certainly not such as to give them a controlling force over the regulations of interstate commerce which may have been expressly or impliedly adopted by Congress, or such as to exempt them from nullity when repugnant to the exclusive power given to Congress in relation to that commerce. This is abundantly shown by the decisions to which we have already referred, which are clear to the effect that neither licenses nor indirect taxation of any kind, nor any system of state regulation, can be imposed upon interstate, any more than upon foreign, commerce, and that all acts of legislation producing any such result are, to that extent, unconstitutional and void."
"that all persons canvassing or soliciting, within said city [of Titusville], orders for goods, books, paintings, wares, or merchandise of any kind, or persons delivering such articles under orders so obtained or solicited, shall be required to procure from the mayor a license to transact said business, and shall pay the said treasurer therefor the following sums, according to the time for which said licenses shall be granted,"
frames, upon a salary; that, upon receiving orders for pictures and picture frames, the agents of Shepard forwarded the same to him at Chicago, where the goods were made, and from there shipped to the purchasers in Titusville by railroad freight and express, and the price of said goods was collected and forwarded by the express companies and sometimes by the agents to said Shepard at Chicago; that Brennan, the agent employed by Shepard, was engaged in conducting the business in the manner stated at the time of his arrest, and acting solely for Shepard.
"It is strongly urged, as if it were a material point in the case, that no discrimination is made between domestic and foreign drummers -- those of Tennessee and those of other states; that all are taxed alike. But that does not meet the difficulty. Interstate commerce cannot be taxed at all, even though the same amount of tax should be laid on domestic commerce, or that which is carried on solely within the state. This was decided in the case of State Freight Tax, 15 Wall. 232. The negotiation of sales of goods which are in another state, for the purpose of introducing them into the state in which the negotiation is made, is interstate commerce. A New Orleans merchant cannot be taxed there for ordering goods in London or New York because, in the one case it is an act of foreign, and in the other of interstate commerce, both of which are subject to regulation by Congress alone."
The last case we shall cite is the recent one of Stockard v. Morgan, 185 U. S. 27, where was considered the validity of a statute of the State of Tennessee providing for the collection of a privilege tax on the occupation of merchandise brokers.
By agreement of the parties, two questions only were argued in the state court: (1) whether or not the complainants, who had filed a bill to restrain the collection of the tax, were merchandise brokers and subject by the statute to tax as such; (2) whether or not their business constituted interstate commerce, and therefore was beyond the reach of the state's taxing power. The state supreme court held that the complainants, as merchandise brokers, were within the meaning of the statute, and that the tax was a valid one under the Constitution of the United States.
This Court, though recognizing that it was obliged to accept the construction put upon the statute by the state court, reversed the judgment of that court in respect to the nature of the commerce as interstate. In the opinion of the court, delivered by MR. JUSTICE PECKHAM, the principal cases, beginning with Brown v. Maryland, 12 Wheat. 419, and ending with Brennan v. Titusville, were again reviewed, and the conclusions there reached were affirmed.
should hold, as it was held there, that it was an interference with interstate commerce, and that the defendant was not guilty. But, to our minds, there is a decided difference between this case and that. The contract to make and deliver these pictures was an executory contract, and no title passed by this contract. . . . If they had been completed in Chicago, and under contract shipped to the purchaser, the title would have passed to the consignee upon delivery to the railroad in Chicago, the railroad being deemed to be the agent of the consignee, . . . and Brennan v. Titusville would have applied, as the tax would have been upon the commerce. But, instead of completing the pictures in Chicago and shipping them to the parties who had contracted for them, they were shipped to itself (the Chicago Portrait Company) in Greensboro. This being so, no title ever passed from the Chicago Portrait Company, until the pictures were put in the frames and delivered by the defendant. These pictures belonged to the Chicago company when they were shipped from Chicago, and belonged to it when they got to Greensboro. And the question is could the Chicago Portrait Company, because it was a foreign corporation, engage in the business of completing these pictures, and in selling and delivering them in Greensboro, without becoming liable to a city tax, for which its own citizens would be liable? It seems to us that it could not."
condition of articles of commerce, if shipped directly to the purchasers, cannot subject them to the license tax.
But we are not disposed to concede that, under the facts of this case, the pictures were, in any proper sense, incomplete when received in Greensboro. That the frames and the pictures were in separate packages, if such was the case, was merely for convenience in packing and handling, and "placing the pictures in their proper places" (the language of the verdict), meant that each picture was placed in the frame designed for it. The selection of the frame was as much a part of the purchase and sale as the selection of the picture.
Transactions between manufacturing companies in one state, through agents, with citizens of another, constitute a large part of interstate commerce, and for us to hold, with the court below, that the same articles, if sent by rail directly to the purchaser, are free from state taxation, but, if sent to an agent to deliver, are taxable through a license tax upon the agent, would evidently take a considerable portion of such traffic out of the salutary protection of the interstate commerce clause of the Constitution.
municipal ordinances, but that such efforts have been heretofore rendered fruitless by the supervising action of this Court. The cases hereinbefore cited disclose the truth of this observation.
Reversed, and the cause is remanded to that court to take further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.

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