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M. He, R. Jinno, K. Kamada, S.C. Park, A.A. Starobinsky, J. Yokoyama, On the violent preheating in the mixed Higgs-R2 inflationary model, Physics Letters B 791, 36-42 (2019), Scopus: 2-s2.0-85061838889.
A.Yu. Kamenshchik, E.O. Pozdeeva, S.Yu. Vernov, A.A. Starobinsky, A. Tronconi, G. Venturi, Induced gravity, and minimally and conformally coupled scalar fields in Bianchi-I cosmological models, Phys. Rev. D 97, 023536 (2018); arXiv:1710.02681, WoS: 000423521000003.
T. de Paula Netto, A.M. Pelinson, I.L. Shapiro, A.A. Starobinsky, From stable to unstable anomaly-induced inflation, Eur. Phys. J. C 76(10), 544 (2016); arXiv:1509.08882, WoS: 000385249500008, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84990854959.
A.A. Starobinsky, S.V. Sushkov, M.S. Volkov, The screening Horndeski cosmologies, J. Cosm. Astropart. Phys., 1606, 007 (2016); arXiv:1604.06085, WoS: 000378778300007, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84976345010.
D.K. Hazra, A. Shafieloo, G.F. Smoot, A.A. Starobinsky, Primordial features and Planck polarization, J. Cosm. Astropart. Phys., 1609, 009 (2016); arXiv:1605.02106, WoS: 000389772300022, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84988312159.
D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, H. Giacomini, When is the growth index constant?, J. Cosm. Astropart. Phys., 1612, 037 (2016); arXiv:1610.00363, WoS: 000398395400009, Scopus: 2-s2.0-85016401095.
A.S. Koshelev, L. Modesto, L. Rachwal, A.A. Starobinsky, Occurrence of exact R2 inflation in non-local UV-complete gravity, J. High Energy Phys. 1611, 067 (2016); arXiv:1604.03127, WoS: 000387691500006, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84994798409.
V. Sahni, A. Shafieloo, A.A. Starobinsky, Model-independent evidence for dark energy evolution from Baryon acoustic oscillations, Astrophys. J. Lett., 793(2), L40 (2014); arXiv:1406.2209, WoS: 000341885900019, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84907214832.
A.E. Romano, S.S. Negrete, M. Sasaki, A.A. Starobinsky, Non-perturbative effects of primordial curvature perturbations on the apparent value of a cosmological constant, EPL 106, 69002 (2014); arXiv:1311.1476, WoS: 000339426500030, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84903639293.
P. André, C. Baccigalupi, A. Banday, D. Barbosa, B. Barreiro, J. Bartlett, N. Bartolo, E. Battistelli, R. Battye, G. Bendo, A. Benoȋt, J.-P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, M. Béthermin, P. Bielewicz, A. Bonaldi, F. Bouchet, F. Boulanger, J. Brand, M. Bucher, C. Burigana, Z.-Y. Cai, P. Camus, F. Casas, V. Casasola, G. Castex, A. Challinor, J. Chluba, G. Chon, S. Colafrancesco, B. Comis, F. Cuttaia, G. D'Alessandro, A. Da Silva, R. Davis, M. de Avillez, P. de Bernardis, M. de Petris, A. de Rosa, G. de Zotti, J. Delabrouille, F.-X. Désert, C. Dickinson, J.M. Diego, J. Dunkley, T. Enßlin, J. Errard, E. Falgarone, P. Ferreira, K. Ferrière, F. Finelli, A. Fletcher, P. Fosalba, G. Fuller, S. Galli, K. Ganga, J. García-Bellido, A. Ghribi, M. Giard, Y. Giraud-Héraud, ..., A. Starobinsky et al (PRISM Collaboration - 142 authors), PRISM (Polarized Radiation Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission): an extended white paper, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 1402, 006 (2014); arXiv:1310.1554.
D.K. Hazra, A. Shafieloo, G.F. Smoot, A.A. Starobinsky, Ruling out the power-law form of the scalar primordial spectrum, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 1406, 061 (2014); arXiv:1403.7786, WoS: 000339801900016, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84903994912.
D.K. Hazra, A. Shafieloo, G.F. Smoot, A.A. Starobinsky, Wiggly Whipped Inflation, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 1408, 048 (2014); arXiv:1405.2012, WoS: 000341848800048, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84918843712.
D.K. Hazra, A. Shafieloo, G.F. Smoot, A.A. Starobinsky, Inflation with Whip-Shaped Suppressed Scalar Power Spectra, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 071301 (2014); arXiv:1404.0360, WoS: 000341115700003, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84907452083.
A.A. Starobinsky, Lectures on modern problems of cosmology, Труды международной школы по гравитации и космологии "GRACOS-2014". 30.06 - 5.07.2014, Казань / под общей редакцией проф. Ю. Г. Игнатьева. -- Казань, Казанский университет, 2014, c. 47-58. ISBN 978-5-00019-239-9.
A.A. Starobinsky, Inflationary models in the Einstein and modified gravity producing the best fit to present observational data, Сборник тезисов: Международная зимняя школа-семинар по гравитации, астрофизике и космологии "Петровские чтения - 2014". Аннотации лекций. Тезисы докладов. Казань, 17-21 февраля 2014 г. Казанский федеральный университет. 2014, с.8 [А.А. Старобинский, Инфляционные модели в эйнштейновской и модифицированной гравитации, наиболее хорошо описывающие современные наблюдательные данные].
A. Shafieloo, S. Majumdar, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinsky, Searching for systematics in SNIa and galaxy cluster data using the cosmic duality relation, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 1304, 042 (2013); arXiv:1212.1277, WoS: 000318556200042, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84877985619.
H. Motohashi, A.A. Starobinsky, J. Yokoyama, Cosmology based on f(R) Gravity admits 1 eV Sterile Neutrinos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 121302 (2013) [5 pages]; arXiv:1203.6828, WoS: 000316399800003, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84875241057.
A.A. Starobinsky, Present status of inflationary models, В сб: "Фридмановские чтения: тезисы докладов международной научной конференции (Пермь, 24 июня-28 июня 2013 г.)", гл. ред. В.Ф. Панов, Перм. гос. нац. исслед. унт.- Пермь, 2013, с.4.
Д.А. Варшалович, А.А. Вихлинин, М.Р. Гильфанов, С.А. Гребенев, В.В. Железняков, Л.М. Зелёный, М.Н. Павлинский, М.Г. Ревнивцев, А.А. Старобинский, А.М. Черепащук, Е.М. Чуразов, Н.И. Шакура, Рашид Алиевич Сюняев (к 70-летию со дня рождения), Успехи физ. наук, 183 (3), 331-332 (2013) [D.A. Varshalovich, A.A. Vikhlinin, M.R. Gil’fanov, S.A. Grebenev, V.V. Zheleznyakov, L.M. Zelenyi, M.N. Pavlinskii, M.G. Revnivtsev, A.A. Starobinsky, A.M. Cherepashchuk, E.M. Churazov, N.I. Shakura, Rashid Alievich Sunyaev (on his 70th birthday), Phys. Usp. 56(3), 311–313 (2013)].
A.O. Barvinsky, A.Yu. Kamenshchik, C. Kiefer, A.A. Starobinsky, C.F. Steinwachs, Higgs boson, renormalization group, and naturalness in cosmology, Eur. Phys. J. C 72(12), 2219 (2012); arXiv:0910.1041, WoS: 000312074800021, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84868305141.
A.E. Romano, A.A. Starobinsky, M. Sasaki, Effects of inhomogeneities on apparent cosmological observables: “fake” evolving dark energy, Eur. Phys. J. C 72(12), 2242 (2012); arXiv:1006.4735, WoS: 000314407400016, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84870220009.
F. Finelli, A. Gruppiso, F. Paci, A.A. Starobinsky, Searching for hidden mirror symmetries in CMB fluctuations from WMAP 7 year maps, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 1207, 049 (2012); arXiv:1111.5362, WoS: 000307079600006, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84864454058.
S.V. Ketov, A.A. Starobinsky, Inflation and non-minimal scalar-curvature coupling in gravity and supergravity, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 1208, 022 (2012); arXiv:1203.0805, WoS: 000308800700023, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84866292887.
A. Shafieloo, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinsky, New null diagnostic customized for reconstructing the properties of dark energy from baryon acoustic oscillations data, Phys. Rev. D 86, 103527 (2012) [7 pages]; arXiv:1205.2870, WoS: 000311538500004, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84870216804.
F. Finelli, G. Marozzi, A.A. Starobinsky, G.P. Vacca, G. Venturi, Stochastic growth of quantum fluctuations during slow-roll inflation, AIP Conf. Proc. 1446, 320-332 (2012) [Proc. 11th Annual Int. Meeting "Fundamental Frontiers of Physics", Paris, France, 6-9 July 2010]; arXiv:1102.0216, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84874783296.
H. Motohashi, A.A. Starobinsky, J. Yokoyama, f(R) Cosmology and Massive Neutrinos, Int. J. Mod. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 10(1), 35-42 (2012) [Proceedings of the Symposium on Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics (CosPA 2011); Editor: Bo-Qiang Ma].
C.F. Steinwachs, A.O. Barvinsky, A.Y. Kamenshchik, C. Kiefer, A.A Starobinsky, The Higgs Field as an Inflaton, Proc. 12th Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity (MG 12), Paris, France, 12-18 Jul 2009. Singapore: World Scientific, p.1244-1246 (2012) [The Twelfth Marcel Grossmann Meeting On Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics and Relativistic Field Theories. Ed. by Thibault Damour, Robert T. Jantzen and Remo Ruffini. Singapore: World Scientific, 2012, 2660 pp (In 3 Volumes). ISBN 978-981-4374-51-4], Scopus: 2-s2.0-84885605853.
F.S. Queisser, C. Kiefer, A.A. Starobinsky, Cosmological Constant from Decoherence?, Proc. 12th Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity (MG 12), Paris, France, 12-18 Jul 2009. Singapore: World Scientific, p.1305-1307 (2012) [The Twelfth Marcel Grossmann Meeting On Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics and Relativistic Field Theories. Ed. by Thibault Damour, Robert T. Jantzen and Remo Ruffini. Singapore: World Scientific, 2012, 2660 pp (In 3 Volumes). ISBN 978-981-4374-51-4], Scopus: 2-s2.0-84885676740.
A. Kamenshchik, A.O. Barvinsky, C. Kiefer, A.A. Starobinsky, C.F. Steinwachs, Asymptotic Freedom in Inflationary Cosmology with a Non-Minimally Coupled Higgs Field, Proc. 12th Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity (MG 12), Paris, France, 12-18 Jul 2009. Singapore: World Scientific, p.1429-1431 (2012) [The Twelfth Marcel Grossmann Meeting On Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics and Relativistic Field Theories. Ed. by Thibault Damour, Robert T. Jantzen and Remo Ruffini. Singapore: World Scientific, 2012, 2660 pp (In 3 Volumes). ISBN 978-981-4374-51-4], Scopus: 2-s2.0-84885615461.
A.A. Starobinsky, Duration and decay branching ratios of stochastic inflation, Proc. 22nd Workshop on General Relativity and Gravitation in Japan 2012 (JGRG 22), Hongo, Tokyo, Japan, 12 -16 November 2012, page 111604.
S. Deser, A. Starobinsky, Editorial note to: Matvei P. Bronstein, Quantum theory of weak gravitational fields, Gen. Relativ. Gravit., 44 (1), 263-265 (2012); arXiv:1110.5941, WoS: 000298659500015, Scopus: 2-s2.0-84855270370.
U. Alam, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinsky, Reconstructing Cosmological Matter Perturbations using Standard Candles and Rulers, Astrophys. J., 704(2), 1086-1097 (2009); arXiv:0812.2846.
H. Motohashi, A.A. Starobinsky, J. Yokoyama, Analytic solution for matter density perturbations in a class of viable cosmological f(R) models, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 18(11), 1731-1740 (2009); arXiv:0905.0730.
M. Joy, A. Shafieloo, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinsky, Is a step in the primordial spectral index favored by CMB data?, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 0906, 028 (2009); arXiv:0807.3334.
A.O. Barvinsky, A.Yu. Kamenshchik, C. Kiefer, A.A. Starobinsky, C. Steinwachs, Asymptotic freedom in inflationary cosmology with a non-minimally coupled Higgs field, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 0912, 003 (2009); arXiv:0904.1698.
K.A. Bronnikov, A.A. Starobinsky, Once again on thin-shell wormholes in scalar-tensor gravity, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 24(20), 1559-1564 (2009); arXiv:0903.5173.
F. Finelli, G. Marozzi, A.A. Starobinsky, G.P. Vacca, G. Venturi, Generation of fluctuations during inflation: Comparison of stochastic and field-theoretic approaches, Phys. Rev. D 79, 044007 (2009) [9 pages]; arXiv:0808.1786.
A. Shafieloo, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinsky, Is cosmic acceleration slowing down?, Phys. Rev. D 80, 101301(R) (2009) [5 pages]; arXiv:0903.5141.
V. Gorini, A.Yu. Kamenshchik, U. Moschella, O.F. Piattella, A.A. Starobinsky, More about the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations for the generalized Chaplygin gas, Phys. Rev. D 80, 104038 (2009) [8 pages]; arXiv:0909.0866.
H. Motohashi, A.A. Starobinsky, J. Yokoyama, Phantom behaviour and growth index anomalous evolution in viable f(R) gravity models, Proc. 19th Workshop in General Relativity and Gravitation in Japan (JGRG19), 30 Nov - 4 Dec 2009, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 239-242; arXiv:1002.0462.
Y. Urakawa, A.A. Starobinsky, Adiabatic regularization of primordial perturbations generated during inflation, Proc. 19th Workshop in General Relativity and Gravitation in Japan (JGRG19), 30 Nov - 4 Dec 2009, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 367-371.
E. Komatsu, N. Afshordi, N. Bartolo, D. Baumann, J.R. Bond, E.I. Buchbinder, C.T. Byrnes, X. Chen, D.J.H. Chung, A. Cooray, P. Creminelli, N. Dalal, O. Dore, R. Easther, A.V. Frolov, K.M. Górski, M.G. Jackson, J. Khoury, W.H. Kinney, L. Kofman, K. Koyama, L. Leblond, J.-L. Lehners, J.E. Lidsey, M. Liguori, E.A. Lim, A. Linde, D.H. Lyth, J. Maldacena, S. Matarrese, L.McAllister, P. McDonald, S. Mukohyama, B. Ovrut, H.V. Peiris, C. Raeth, A. Riotto, Y. Rodriguez, M. Sasaki, R. Scoccimarro, D. Seery, E. Sefusatti, U. Seljak, L. Senatore, S. Shandera, E.P.S. Shellard, E. Silverstein, A. Slosar, K.M. Smith, A.A. Starobinsky, P.J. Steinhardt, F. Takahashi, M. Tegmark, A.J. Tolley, L. Verde, B.D. Wandelt, D. Wands, S. Weinberg, M. Wyman, A.P.S. Yadav, M. Zaldarriaga, Non-Gaussianity as a Probe of the Physics of the Primordial Universe and the Astrophysics of the Low Redshift Universe, Astro2010: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey, Science White Papers, no. 158; arXiv:0902.4759.
V.G. Gurzadyan, A.A. Starobinsky, T. Ghahramanyan, A.L. Kashin, H. Khachatryan, H. Kuloghlian, D. Vetrugno, G. Yegorian, Large Scale Plane-Mirroring in the Cosmic Microwave Background WMAP5 Maps, Astron. Astrophys., 490(3), 929-934 (2008); arXiv:0807.3652.
J. Lesgourgues, A.A. Starobinsky, W. Valkenburg, What do WMAP and SDSS really tell about inflation?, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 0801, 010 (2008); arXiv:0710.1630.
V. Gorini, A.Yu. Kamenshchik, U. Moschella, O.F. Piattella, A.A. Starobinsky, Gauge-invariant analysis of perturbations in Chaplygin gas unified models of dark matter and dark energy, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 0802, 016 (2008); arXiv:0711.4242.
A.O. Barvinsky, A.Yu. Kamenshchik, A.A. Starobinsky, Inflation scenario via the Standard Model Higgs boson and LHC, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 0811, 021 (2008); arXiv:0809.2104.
M. Joy, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinsky, New universal local feature in the inflationary perturbation spectrum, Phys. Rev. D 77, 023514 (2008); arXiv:0711.1585.
V. Gorini, A.Yu. Kamenshchik, U. Moschella, V. Pasquier, A.A. Starobinsky, Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations in the presence of the Chaplygin gas: Stars and wormholelike solutions, Phys. Rev. D 78, 064064 (2008) (9 pages); arXiv:0807.2740.
V. Sahni, A. Shafieloo, A.A. Starobinsky, Two new diagnostics of dark energy, Phys. Rev. D 78, 103502 (2008); arXiv:0807.3548.
А.А. Старобинский, Темная энергия во Вселенной, Труды Института прикладной астрономии РАН, № 18, 94-94 (2008).
R. Gannouji, D. Polarski, A. Ranquet, A.A. Starobinsky, Scalar-Tensor Dark Energy Models, Proc. 11th Marcel Grossmann Meeting On General Relativity (MG11), 23-29 Jul 2006, Berlin, Germany. Ed. by H. Kleinert, R.T. Jantzen and R. Ruffini. Hackensack, World Scientific, p. 1794-1796 (2008); astro-ph/0701650.
U. Alam, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinsky, Reconstruction of Dark Energy Using Supernova and Other Datasets, Proc. 11th Marcel Grossmann Meeting On General Relativity (MG11), 23-29 Jul 2006, Berlin, Germany. Ed. by H. Kleinert, R.T. Jantzen and R. Ruffini. Hackensack, World Scientific, p. 1797-1799 (2008).
A.O. Barvinsky, A.Yu. Kamenshchik, A.A. Starobinsky, Inflation in the Standard Model with a strong non-minimal curvature coupling and the Higgs boson mass, Proc. 15th Int. Seminar on High Energy Physics: Quarks - 2008, 23-29 May 2008, Sergiev Posad, Russia.
J.F. Macías-Pérez, G. Lagache, B. Maffei, K. Ganga, A. Bourrachot, P. Ade, A. Amblard, R. Ansari, E. Aubourg, J. Aumont, S. Bargot, J. Bartlett, A. Benoît, J.-Ph. Bernard, R. Bhatia, A. Blanchard, J.J. Bock, A. Boscaleri, F.R. Bouchet, P. Camus, J.-F. Cardoso, F. Couchot, P. de Bernardis, J. Delabrouille, F.-X. Désert, O. Doré, M. Douspis, L. Dumoulin, X. Dupac, Ph. Filliatre, P. Fosalba, F. Gannaway, B. Gautier, M. Giard, Y. Giraud-Héraud, R. Gispert, L. Guglielmi, J.-Ch. Hamilton, S. Hanany, S. Henrot-Versillé, V. Hristov, J. Kaplan, J.-M. Lamarre, A.E. Lange, K. Madet, Ch. Magneville, D.P. Marrone, S. Masi, F. Mayet, J.A. Murphy, F. Naraghi, F. Nati, G. Patanchon, O. Perdereau, G. Perrin, S. Plaszczynski, M. Piat, N. Ponthieu, S. Prunet, J.-L. Puget, C. Renault, C. Rosset, D. Santos, A. Starobinsky, I. Strukov, R.V. Sudiwala, R. Teyssier, M. Tristram, C. Tucker, J.-Ch. Vanel, D. Vibert, E. Wakui, D. Yvon, Archeops in-flight performance, data processing, and map making, Astron. Astrophys., 467(3), 1313-1344 (2007); astro-ph/0603665.
C. Kiefer, I. Lohmar, D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, Pointer states for primordial fluctuations in inflationary cosmology, Class. Quantum Grav., 24 (7), 1699-1718 (2007); astro-ph/0610700.
U. Alam, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinsky, Exploring the properties of dark energy using Ia type supernovae and other datasets, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 0702, 011 (2007); astro-ph/0612381.
E.W. Kolb, A.A. Starobinsky, I.I. Tkachev, Trans-planckian wimpzillas, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 0707, 005 (2007); hep-th/0702143.
C. Kiefer, I. Lohmar, D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, Origin of classical structure in the Universe, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 67, 012023 (2007).
V.G. Gurzadyan, A.A. Starobinsky, A.L. Kashin, H. Khachatryan, G. Yegorian, On axial and plane-mirror inhomogeneities in the WMAP3 cosmic microwave background maps, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 22(39), 2955-2964 (2007); arXiv:0709.0886.
K.A. Bronnikov, A.A. Starobinsky, No realistic wormholes from ghost-free scalar-tensor phantom dark energy, Письма в ЖЭТФ, 85 (1), 3-8 (2007) [JETP Letters, 85(1), 1-5 (2007)]; gr-qc/0612032.
A.A. Starobinsky, Disappearing cosmological constant in f(R) gravity, Письма в ЖЭТФ, 86 (3), 183-189 (2007) [JETP Lett., 86(3), 157-163 (2007)]; arXiv:0706.2041.
V. Sahni, A. Starobinsky, Reconstructing dark energy, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 15(12), 2105-2132 (2006); astro-ph/0610026.
R. Gannouji, D. Polarski, A. Ranquet, A.A. Starobinsky, Scalar-tensor models of normal and phantom dark energy, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 0609, 016 (2006); astro-ph/0606287.
A. Shafieloo, U. Alam, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinsky, Smoothing supernova data to reconstruct the expansion history of the Universe and its age, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 366(3), 1081-1095 (2006); astro-ph/0505329.
О.В. Верходанов, Ю.Н. Парийский, А.А. Старобинский, Определение ΩΛ и Н0 по фотометрическим данным радиогалактик, Бюллетень Специальной астрофизической обсерватории РАН, 58, 5-16 (2005) [O.V. Verkhodanov, Yu.N. Parijskij, A.A. Starobinsky, Determination of ΩΛ and Н0 from photometric data of radio galaxies]; arXiv:0705.2776.
A.A. Starobinsky, Inflaton field potential producing the exactly flat spectrum of adiabatic perturbations, Письма в ЖЭТФ, 82 (4), 187-191 (2005) [JETP Lett., 82(4), 169-173 (2005)]; astro-ph/0507193.
A. Benoît, the Archeops collaboration (including A.A. Starobinsky), ARCHEOPS: a balloon experiment for measuring the cosmic microwave background anisotropies, Adv. Space Research, 33(10), 1790-1792 (2004).
A. Benoît, the Archeops collaboration (including A.A. Starobinsky), Measurements of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies with ARCHEOPS, Adv. Space Research, 34(3), 479-482 (2004).
A. Benoît, the Archeops collaboration (including A.A. Starobinsky), First detection of polarization of the submillimeter duffuse galactic dust emission by Archeops, Astron. Astrophys., 424(2), 571-582 (2004); astro-ph/0306222.
U. Alam, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinsky, The case for dynamical dark energy revisited, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 0406, 008 (2004); astro-ph/0403687.
U. Alam, V. Sahni, T.D. Saini, A.A. Starobinsky, Is there supernova evidence for dark energy metamorphosis?, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 354 (1), 275-291 (2004); astro-ph/0311364.
U. Günther, A. Starobinsky, A. Zhuk, Multidimensional cosmological models: Cosmological and astrophysical implications and constraints, Phys. Rev. D 69, 044003 (2004) [12 pages]; hep-ph/0306191.
О.В. Верходанов, Ю.Н. Парийский, А.А. Старобинский, Возраст эллиптических галактик и динамика расширения Вселенной в прошлом, Труды ГАИШ, 75, с. 198 (2004).
U. Alam, V. Sahni, T.D. Saini, A.A. Starobinsky, Rejoinder to "No Evidence of Dark Energy Metamorphosis", astro-ph/0404468, astro-ph/0406672.
S.V. Chervon, V.N. Melnikov, A.A. Starobinsky (eds.), Third Ulyanovsk International School-Seminar “Problems of Theoretical and Observational Cosmology – UISS-2003”, September 1–10, 2003, Ulyanovsk, Russia - Preface, Gen. Rel. Grav., 36(7), 1509-1511 (2004).
A. Benoît, the Archeops collaboration (including A.A. Starobinsky), The cosmic microwave background anisotropy power spectrum measured by Archeops, Astron. Astrophys., 399(3), L19-L23 (2003); astro-ph/0210305.
A. Benoît, the Archeops collaboration (including A.A. Starobinsky), Cosmological constraints from Archeops, Astron. Astrophys., 399(3), L25-L30 (2003); astro-ph/0210306.
U. Alam, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinsky, Can dark energy be decaying?, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 0304, 002 (2003); astro-ph/0302302.
U. Alam, V. Sahni, T.Sa. Deepini, A.A. Starobinsky, Exploring the expanding Universe and dark energy using the statefinder diagnostic, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 344 (4), 1057-1074 (2003); astro-ph/0303009.
V. Sahni, T.D. Saini, A.A. Starobinsky, U. Alam, Statefinder - A new geometrical diagnostic of dark energy, Письма в ЖЭТФ, 77 (5), 243-248 (2003) [JETP Lett., 77 (5), 201-206 (2003)]; astro-ph/0201498.
Д.А. Варшалович, А.А. Галеев, М.Р. Гильфанов, С.А. Гребенев, В.В. Железняков, Е.П. Мазец, М.Н. Павлинский, А.А. Старобинский, О.В. Терехов, А.М. Черепащук, Е.М. Чуразов, Н.И. Шакура, Рашид Алиевич Сюняев (к шестидесятилетию со дня рождения), Успехи физ. наук, 173 (3), 333-334 (2003) [D.A. Varshalovich, A.A. Galeev, M.R. Gil’fanov, S.A. Grebenev, V.V. Zheleznyakov, E.P. Mazets, M.N. Pavlinskii, A.A. Starobinskii, O.V. Terekhov, A.M. Cherepashchuk, E.M. Churazov, N.I. Shakura, Rashid Alievich Sunyaev (on his sixtieth birthday), Phys. Usp. 46 (3), 325-327 (2003)].
E. Saar, J. Einasto, O. Toomet, A.A. Starobinsky, H. Andernach, M. Einasto, E. Kasak, E. Tago, The supercluster-void network V. The regularity periodogram, Astron. Astrophys., 393 (1), 1-23 (2002); astro-ph/9907238.
G. Felder, L. Kofman, A. Starobinsky, Caustics in tachyon matter and other Born-Infeld scalars, J. High Energy Phys., 0209, 026 (2002); hep-th/0208019.
A. Frolov, L. Kofman, A. Starobinsky, Prospects and problems of tachyon matter cosmology, Phys. Lett. B 545 (1-2), 8-16 (2002); hep-th/0204187.
A.A. Starobinsky, I.I. Tkachev, Trans-Planckian particle creation in cosmology and ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Письма в ЖЭТФ, 76 (5), 291-295 (2002) [JETP Lett., 76 (5), 235-239 (2002)]; astro-ph/0207572.
F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Einasto, V. Müller, J.P. Mücket, A.A. Starobinsky, Observational matter power spectrum and the height of the second acoustic peak, Astrophys. J., 559 (1), 1-8 (2001); astro-ph/0012320.
A.A. Starobinsky, S. Tsujikawa, J. Yokoyama, Cosmological perturbations from multi-field inflation in generalized Einstein theories, Nucl. Phys. B 610 (1-2), 383-410 (2001); astro-ph/0107555.
A.A. Starobinsky, Robustness of the inflationary perturbation spectrum to trans-Planckian physics, Письма в ЖЭТФ, 73 (8), 415-418 (2001) [JETP Lett., 73 (8), 371-374 (2001)]; astro-ph/0104043.
J. Lesgourgues, D. Polarski, S. Prunet, A.A. Starobinsky, Detectability of the primordial origin of the gravitational wave background in the Universe, Astron. Astrophys., 359 (1), 414-418 (2000); gr-qc/9906098.
A.A. Starobinsky, Future and origin of our Universe: modern view, Gravit. Cosmol., 6 (3), 157-163 (2000); astro-ph/9912054.
V. Sahni, A. Starobinsky, The case for a positive cosmological Λ-term, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 9 (4), 373-443 (2000); astro-ph/9904398.
C. Kiefer, D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, Entropy of gravitons produced in the early Universe, Phys. Rev. D 62, 043518 (2000) [6 pages]; gr-qc/9910065.
T.D. Saini, S. Raychaudhury, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinsky, Reconstructing the cosmic equation of state from supernova distances, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (6), 1162-1165 (2000); astro-ph/9910231.
B. Boisseau, G. Esposito-Farèse, D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, Reconstruction of a scalar-tensor theory of gravity in an accelerating Universe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(11), 2236-2239 (2000); gr-qc/0001066.
A.A. Starobinsky, Cosmology with a Lambda-term, In: Joint Europian and National Astronomy Meeting "JENAM-2000", Moscow, GEOS, 2000, p.48.
J. Einasto, M. Einasto, E. Tago, A.A. Starobinsky, F. Atrio-Barandela, V. Müller, A. Knebe, P. Frisch, R. Cen, H. Andernach, D. Tucker, Steps toward the power spectrum of matter. I. The mean spectrum of galaxies, Astrophys. J., 519 (2), 441-455 (1999); astro-ph/9812247.
J. Einasto, M. Einasto, E. Tago, V. Müller, A. Knebe, R. Cen, A.A. Starobinsky, F. Atrio-Barandela, Steps toward the Power Spectrum of Matter. II. The Biasing Correction with σ8 Normalization, Astrophys. J., 519 (2), 456-468 (1999); astro-ph/9812248.
J. Einasto, M. Einasto, E. Tago, A.A. Starobinsky, F. Atrio-Barandela, M. Volkerüller, A. Knebe, R. Cen, Steps toward the power spectrum of matter. III. The primordial spectrum, Astrophys. J., 519 (2), 469-478 (1999); astro-ph/9812249.
J. Lesgourgues, D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, Large primordial gravitational wave background in a class of BSI ΛCDM models, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 308 (1), 281-288 (1999); astro-ph/9807019.
P.B. Greene, L. Kofman, A.A. Starobinsky, Sine-Gordon parametric resonance, Nucl. Phys. B 543 (1-2), 423-443 (1999); hep-ph/9808477.
A.A. Starobinsky, Cosmology with a variable cosmological term, В сб.: "Теоретические и экспериментальные проблемы общей теории относительности и гравитации. 10-ая Российская гравитационная конференция. Владимир, 20 - 27 июня 1999 г.", Москва, Российское гравитационное общество, 1999, стр. 161.
A.A. Starobinsky, How to generate the exact Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum of adiabatic perturbations, В сб.: "Теоретические и экспериментальные проблемы общей теории относительности и гравитации. 10-ая Российская гравитационная конференция. Владимир, 20 - 27 июня 1999 г.", Москва, Российское гравитационное общество, 1999, стр. 162.
C. Kiefer, J. Lesgourgues, D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, The coherence of primordial fluctuations produced during inflation, Class. Quantum Grav., 15(10), L67-L72 (1998); gr-qc/9806066.
A.A. Starobinsky, Beyond the simplest inflationary cosmological models, Gravit. Cosmol., 4, Suppl., 88-99 (1998); astro-ph/9811360.
C. Kiefer, D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, Quantum-to-classical transition for fluctuations in the early universe, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 7 (3), 455-462 (1998); gr-qc/9802003, WoS: 000074537000006.
J. Lesgourgues, D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, CDM models with a BSI step-like primordial spectrum and a cosmological constant, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 297(3), 769-776 (1998); astro-ph/9711139.
A.A. Starobinsky, How to determine an effective potential for a variable cosmological term, Письма в ЖЭТФ, 68(10), 721-726 (1998) [JETP Lett., 68(10), 757-763 (1998)]; astro-ph/9810431, WoS: 000077742500001.
M.Yu. Khlopov, M.E. Prokhorov, A.A. Starobinsky (eds.), Cosmion 96: Second International Conference on CosmoParticle Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology Supplement 4, 1998.
J. Lesgourgues, D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, S. Prunet, LambdaCDM model with Broken Scale Invariance confronted with observations, Abstracts of the 19th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology, held in Paris, France, Dec. 14-18, 1998. Eds.: J. Paul, T. Montmerle, and E. Aubourg (CEA Saclay), p.162.
A.A. Starobinsky, Inflation for Large Scale Structure, In: Large Scale Structure: Tracks and Traces. Proc. of the 12th Potsdam Cosmology Workshop, Potsdam, 15-19 Sept. 1997. Eds. V. Muller, S. Gottlober, J.P. Mucket, J. Wambsganss (Singapore: World Scientific), 1998, pp. 375-380.; astro-ph/9808152.
J. Lesgourgues, D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, On the phase-space volume of primordial cosmological perturbations, Class. Quantum Grav., 14 (4), 881-888 (1997); gr-qc/9806067.
J. Einasto, M. Einasto, P. Frish, S. Gottlöber, V. Müller, V. Saar, A.A. Starobinsky, E. Tago, D. Tucker, H. Andernach, The supercluster-void network. II. An oscillating cluster correlation function, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 289 (4), 801-812 (1997); astro-ph/9704127.
J. Einasto, M. Einasto, P. Frish, S. Gottlöber, V. Müller, V. Saar, A.A. Starobinsky, D. Tucker, The supercluster-void network. III. The correlation function as a geometrical statistic, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 289 (4), 813-823 (1997); astro-ph/9704129.
J. Einasto, M. Einasto, S. Gottlöber, V. Müller, V. Saar, A.A. Starobinsky, E. Tago, D. Tucker, H. Andernach, P. Frish, A 120-Mpc periodicity in the three-dimensional distribution of galaxy superclusters, Nature, 385 (6612), 139-141 (1997); astro-ph/9701018, WoS: A1997WB72800047.
J. Lesgourgues, D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, Quantum-to-classical transition of cosmological perturbations for non-vacuum initial states, Nucl. Phys. B 497 (1-2), 479-508 (1997); gr-qc/9611019, WoS: A1997XK49100022.
P.B. Greene, L. Kofman, A. Linde, A.A. Starobinsky, Structure of resonance in preheating after inflation, Phys. Rev. D 56(10), 6175-6192 (1997); hep-ph/9705347, WoS: A1997YH16600018.
F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Einasto, S. Gottlöber, V. Müller, A.A. Starobinsky, A built-in scale in the initial spectrum of density perturbations: evidence from cluster and CMB data, Письма в ЖЭТФ, 66 (6), 373-378 (1997) [JETP Lett., 66 (6), 397-403 (1997)]; astro-ph/9708128.
A. de Oliveira-Costa, G.F. Smoot, A.A. Starobinsky, Constraining topology with the CMB, In: Microwave Background Anistropies. Proc. XVIth Moriond Astrophysics Meeting, Les Arcs, Savoie, France, March 16th-23rd, 1996. Edited by Francois R. Bouchet, Richard Gispert, Bruno Guilderdoni, and Jean Tran Thanh Van. Gif-sur-Yvette: Editions Frontieres, 1997, p. 85-90. ISBN: 3863322087; astro-ph/9705125.
J.A. Frieman, R. Brandenberger, C. Kiefer, V. Müller, V. Mukhanov, K. Sato, A.A. Starobinsky, P.J. Steinhardt, N. Straumann, A. Wipf, Are we making progress in relating cosmology anfd fundamental theories?, In: The Evolution of the Universe, ed. by G. Börner and S. Gottlöber, J. Wiley & Sons (Chichester - New York - Weinheim - Brisbane - Singapore - Toronto), 1997, pp. 141 - 156.
A.A. Starobinsky, On the internal structure of black holes, In: 15th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation (December 16-21, 1997). Abstracts of Plenary Lectures and Contributed Papers (IUCAA, 1997). p. 157.
A.A. Starobinsky, Cosmological models with a decaying cosmological constant, In: 15th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation (December 16-21, 1997). Abstracts of Plenary Lectures and Contributed Papers (IUCAA, 1997). p. 180.
A.A. Starobinsky, What new physics is demanded by viable cosmological models?, In: Abstract Book, Kyoto IAU23, August 17 - 30, 1997 (Kyoto University Press, 1997), p. 138.
A. de Oliveira-Costa, G.F. Smoot, A.A. Starobinsky, Can the lack of symmetry in the COBE DMR maps constrain the topology of the Universe?, Astrophys. J., 468 (2), 457-461 (1996); astro-ph/9510109.
D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, Semiclassicality and decoherence of cosmological perturbations, Class. Quantum Grav., 13 (3), 377-391 (1996); gr-qc/9504030, WoS: A1996UD10200006.
L. Kofman, A. Linde, A.A. Starobinsky, Nonthermal phase transitions after inflation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (7), 1011-1014 (1996); hep-th/9510119, WoS: A1996UB36300002.
А.В. Маркевич, А.А. Старобинский, Об относительном вкладе первичного гравитационно-волнового фона в угловые флуктуации температуры реликтового гравитационного излучения, Письма в Астрон. ж., 22 (7), 483-490 (1996) [A.V. Markevich, A.A. Starobinskii, The Relative Contribution of a Background of Primordial Gravitational Waves to the Angular Fluctuations of the CMB Temperature, Astron. Lett. 22(4), 431-437 (1996)].
A.A. Starobinsky, Modern cosmological models with dark matter and their confrontation with observational data, In: Cosmoparticle Physics. I. Proc. of 1st International Conference on Cosmoparticle Physics "Cosmion-94". Eds. M.Ju. Khlopov, M.E. Prokhorov, A.A. Starobinsky, J. Tran Thanh Van. Cedex, France: Edition Frontiers, 1996, pp. 141-146.; astro-ph/9603074.
A.A. Starobinsky, Spectrum of initial perturbations in open and closed inflationary models, In: Cosmoparticle Physics. I. Proc. of 1st International Conference on Cosmoparticle Physics "Cosmion-94". Eds. M.Ju. Khlopov, M.E. Prokhorov, A.A. Starobinsky, J. Tran Thanh Van. Edition Frontiers, 1996, pp. 43-52.; astro-ph/9603075.
E.Ju. Panteo, A.A. Starobinsky, CMB anisotropy from primordial gravitational wave background in the CDM+Λ cosmological model, In: Cosmoparticle Physics. I. Proc. of 1st International Conference on Cosmoparticle Physics "Cosmion-94". Eds. M.Ju. Khlopov, M.E. Prokhorov, A.A. Starobinsky, J. Tran Thanh Van. Edition Frontiers, 1996, pp. 247-252.
A.A. Starobinsky, Present status of concordance between predictions of the inflationary scenario of the early Universe and observations, Inauguration Conference of APCTP, 4-10 June 1996. Program and Abstracts. APCTP, 1996, p. 76.
L. Kofman, A. Linde, A. Starobinsky, Comments on "Analytic and Numerical Study of Preheating Dynamics", hep-ph/9608341.
D. Pogosyan, A. Starobinsky, Mixed Cold-Hot Dark Matter Model with Falling and Quasi-Flat Initial Perturbation Spectra, Astrophys. J., 447 (2), 465-473 (1995); astro-ph/9409074.
D. Munshi, T. Souradeep, A.A. Starobinsky, Skewness of Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature Fluctuations Due to Non-linear Gravitational Instability, Astrophys. J., 454 (2), 552-560 (1995); astro-ph/9501100.
D. Munshi, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinsky, A comparison of approximations to gravitational clustering in the weakly nonlinear regime, Bull. Astron. Soc. India, 23, 564 (1995).
D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, Structure of Primordial Gravitational Waves Spectrum in a Double Inflationary Model, Phys. Lett. B 356 (2-3), 196-204 (1995); astro-ph/9505125.
D. Pogosyan, A. Starobinsky, Mixed cold-hot dark matter model with a falling initial perturbation spectrum, Lect. Notes Phys., 455, 195-204 (1995) [Birth of the Universe and Fundamental Physics: Proc. Int. Workshop, Rome, Italy, 18–21 May 1994. Ed. by Franco Occhionero. Springer, xv,387 pp, ISBN 978-3-540-60024-4].
D. Munshi, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinsky, A comparison of approximations to gravitational instability, Lect. Notes Phys., 455, 305-306 (1995) [Birth of the Universe and Fundamental Physics, Franco Occhionero (Ed.). Springer, xv,387 pp, ISBN 978-3-540-60024-4].
А.В. Маркевич, А.А. Старобинский, В сб: Рос. Грав. Общ., Москва, 1995, с.110.
Е.Ю. Пантео, А.А. Старобинский, В сб: Рос. Грав. Общ., Москва, 1995, с.117.
D. Pogosyan, A. Starobinsky, Mixed Cold-Hot Dark Matter Models with Several Massive Neutrino Types, In: Large Scale Structure in the Universe, Proc. 11th Int. Workshop on Relativistic Astrophysics, Potsdam, Germany, 18-24 Sept. 1994. Ed. by J.P. Mücket, S. Gottloeber, V. Müller. Singapore: World Scientific, 1995, p.118-122; astro-ph/9502019.
A.A. Starobinsky, J. Yokoyama, Density fluctuations in Brans-Dicke inflation, Proc. 4th Workshop on General Relativity and Gravitation. Ed. by K. Nakao et al, Kyoto University, 1995, p. 381-390; gr-qc/9502002.
D.Yu. Pogosoyan, A.A. Starobinsky, Confrontation of the Cold Plus Hot Dark Matter Model with Observational Data, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc, 265 (2), 507-512 (1993).
T.S. Fetisova, D.Yu. Kuznetsov, V.A. Lipovetskii, A.A. Starobinskii, R.P. Olovin, Features of the spatial distribution of rich clusters of galaxies in the northern and southern Galactic hemispheres (in Russian), Письма в Астрон. ж., 19(6), 508-516 (1993) [T.S. Fetisova, D.Yu. Kuznetsov, V.A. Lipovetskii, A.A. Starobinskii, R.P. Olovin, Features of the spatial distribution of rich clusters of galaxies in the northern and southern Galactic hemispheres, Astron. Lett. 19(3), 198-202 (1993)].
A.A. Starobinsky, New restrictions on spatial topology of the universe from microwave background temperature fluctuations, Письма в ЖЭТФ, 57(10), 606-609 (1993) [JETP Lett., 57(10), 622-625 (1993)]; gr-qc/9305019.
A.V. Chepurnov, Yu.N. Parijskij, A.A. Starobinsky, CDM Model: COBE and RATAN-600 Experiments, In: Current Topics in Astrofundamental Physics, Edited by N. Sanchez, and A. Zichichi. The Science and Culture Series - Astrophysics, Singapore: World Scientific, 1993., p.227-234.
T.S. Fetisova, D.Yu. Kuznetsov, V.A. Lipovetsky, R.P. Olowin, A.A. Starobinsky, Spatial Distribution of Very Rich Abell Clusters: Results and Projects, In: Observational Cosmology. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, Volume 51; San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP); 1993; edited by Guido L. Chincarini, Angela Iovino, Tommaso Maccacaro, and Dario Maccagni, p.102.
D. Polarski, A.A. Starobinsky, Spectra of perturbations produced by double inflation with an intermediate matter-dominated stage, In: The Origin of Structure in the Universe. Editors, E. Gunzig, P. Nardone; Publisher, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Boston, MA, 1993, p. 161-174. ISBN 0792322347.
S. Gottlöber, V. Müller, A.A. Starobinsky, Analysis of inflation driven by a scalar field and a curvature-squared term, Phys. Rev. D 43 (8), 2510-2520 (1991).
Yu.N. Parijskij, B.L. Erukhimov, M.G. Mingaliev, A.B. Berlin, N.N. Bursov, N.A. Nizhelskij, M.N. Naugolnaja, V.N. Chernenkov, O.V. Verkhodanov, A.V. Chepurnov, A.A. Starobinsky, Discovery of the Small Scale Sky Anisotropy at 2. 7cm: Radio Sources or Relic Emission?, In: Observational Tests of Cosmological Inflation, Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop, held in Durham, U.K., December 10-14, 1990, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1991, edited by T. Shanks, A. J. Banday, and R. S. Ellis. NATO Advanced Science Institutes (ASI) Series C, Volume 348, p.437-442.
A.A. Starobinskii, Ya.B. Zel’dovich, Quantum effects in cosmology, Nature, 331 (6158), 673-674 (1988).
V. Müller, H.-J. Schmidt, A.A. Starobinsky, The stability of the de Sitter space-time in fourth order gravity, Phys. Lett. B 202 (2), 198-200 (1988).
A.A. Starobinskii, Microwave-background temperature fluctuations: intermediate angular scales (in Russian), Письма в Астрон. ж., 14 (5), 394-403 (1988) [A.A. Starobinskii, Microwave-background temperature fluctuations: intermediate angular scales, Sov. Astron. Lett., 14(3), 166-170 (1988)].
A.A. Starobinsky, Y.B. Zeldovich, The Spontaneous Creation of the Universe, Astrophysics and Space Physics Reviews, 6, 105 (1988) [Sov. Sci. Rev., Sect. E, Vol. 6, Part 2, p. 103 — 144].
Я.Б. Зельдович, А.А. Старобинский, Вселенная с нетривиальной топологией и возможность ее квантового рождения, Письма в Астрон. ж., 10 (5), 323-328 (1984) [Ya.B. Zel’dovich, A.A. Starobinskii, Quantum creation of a universe with nontrivial topology, Sov. Astron. Lett., 10(3), 135-137 (1984)], WoS: A1984TU34100001.
A.A. Starobinsky, Nonsingular Model of the Universe with the Quantum-Gravitational de Sitter Stage and its Observational Consequences, In: Quantum Gravity. Edited by M. A. Markov and P. C. West. Published by Plenum Press, New York, 1984, p. 103-128.
Л.А. Кофман, В. Сахни, А.А. Старобинский, Анизотропная космологическая модель, создаваемая квантовой поляризацией вакуума, ЖЭТФ, 85 (6), 1876-1886 (1983) [L.A. Kofman, V. Sakhni, A.A. Starobinskii, Anisotropic cosmological model created by quantum polarization of vacuum, Sov. Phys. JETP, 58(6), 1090-1095 (1983)].
А.А. Старобинский, Спектр возмущений, возникающих в несингулярной модели Вселенной с начальной стадией де-Ситтера и анизотропией реликтового излучения, Письма в Астрон. ж., 9(10), 579-584 (1983) [A.A. Starobinskii, The perturbation spectrum evolving from a nonsingular, initially de Sitter cosmology, and the microwave background anisotropy, Sov. Astron. Lett., 9(5), 302-304 (1983)], WoS: A1983SQ78400014.
А.А. Старобинский, Изотропизация космологического расширения общего вида при наличии эффективной космологической постоянной, Письма в ЖЭТФ, 37 (1), 55-58 (1983) [A.A. Starobinskii, Isotropization of arbitrary cosmological expansion given an effective cosmological constant, JETP Lett., 37 (1), 66-69 (1983)].
A. Starobinsky, Possibility of Large Effective Cosmological Constant in the Early Universe and its Observational Consequences - a New Trend in Cosmology, In: General Relativity and Gravitation, Vol. 1, Classical Relativity. Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on General Relativity and Gravitation, held July 4-9, 1983, in Padova, Italy. Ed. by B. Bertotti, F. de Felice and A. Pascolini. Published by Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, 1983, p. 674.
L.A. Kofman, V. Sahni, A.A. Starobinski, Anisotropic Homogeneous Spacetime Metrics Supported by Vacuum Polarization, In: General Relativity and Gravitation, Vol. 1, Classical Relativity. Proc. 10th Inte. Conf. on General Relativity and Gravitation, held July 4-9, 1983, in Padova, Italy. Edited by B. Bertotti, F. de Felice and A. Pascolini. Published by Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, 1983, p. 1102.
А.А. Старобинский, Может ли эффективная гравитационная постоянная стать отрицательной?, Письма в Астрон. ж., 7(2), 67-72 (1981) [A.A. Starobinskij, Can the effective gravitational constant become negative?, Sov. Astron. Lett. 7(1), 36-38 (1981)].
А.А. Старобинский, Эволюция малых возмущений изотропных космологических моделей с однопетлевыми квантово-гравитационными поправками, Письма в ЖЭТФ, 34 (8), 460-463 (1981) [A.A. Starobinskii, Evolution of small perturbations of isotropic cosmological models with one-loop quantum gravitational corrections, JETP Lett., 34 (8), 438-441 (1981)].
В.Ц. Гурович, А.А. Старобинский, Квантовые эффекты и регулярные космологические модели, ЖЭТФ, 77 (5), 1683-1700 (1979) [V.Ts. Gurovich, A.A. Starobinskii, Quantum effects and regular cosmological models, Sov. Phys. JETP 50(5), 844-851 (1979)].
А.А. Старобинский, Спектр реликтового гравитационного излучения и начальное состояние Вселенной, Письма в ЖЭТФ, 30(11), 719-723 (1979) [A.A. Starobinskii, Spectrum of relict gravitational radiation and the early state of the universe, JETP Lett., 30(11), 682-685 (1979)].
А.А. Старобинский, Об одной несингулярной изотропной космологической модели, Письма в Астрон. ж., 4(4), 155-159 (1978) [A.A. Starobinskii, On a nonsingular isotropic cosmological model, Sov. Astron. Lett. 4(2), 82-84 (1978)].
Д.Д. Соколов, А.А. Старобинский, О структуре тензора кривизны на конических особенностях, Докл. Акад. наук СССР, 234 (5), 1043-1046 (1977) [D.D. Sokolov, A.A. Starobinskii, The structure of the curvature tensor at conical singularities, Sov. Phys. Dokl. 22(6), 312-314 (1977)].
Я.Б. Зельдович, А.А. Старобинский, М.Ю. Хлопов, В.М. Чечеткин, Первчные черные дыры и проблема дейтерия, Письма в Астрон. ж., 3(5), 208-211 (1977) [Ya.B. Zel’dovich, A.A. Starobinskii, M.Yu. Khlopov, V.M. Chechëtkin, Primordial black holes and the deuterium problem, Sov. Astron. Lett., 3(3), 110-112 (1977)].
Я.Б. Зельдович, А.А. Старобинский, О скорости рождения частиц в гравитационных полях, Письма в ЖЭТФ, 26 (5), 373-377 (1977) [Ya.B. Zel’dovich, A.A. Starobinskii, Rate of particle production in gravitational fields, JETP Lett., 26 (5), 252-255 (1977)].
A.A. Starobinsky, Quantum effects in cosmology and black-and-white hole physics, Proc. 1st Marcel Grossman Meeting on General Relativity. Trieste, Italy, 7 Jul 1975, p. 499-501. Ed. by R. Ruffini, North-Holland, 1977, xv+671 pp.
С.Г. Мамаев, В.М. Мостепаненко, А.А. Старобинский, Рождение частиц из вакуума вблизи однородной изотропной сингулярности, ЖЭТФ, 70 (5), 1577-1591 (1976) [S.G. Mamaev, V.M. Mostepanenko, A.A. Starobinskii, Particle creation from the vacuum near a homogeneous isotropic singularity, Sov. Phys. JETP 43(5), 823-830 (1976)], WoS: A1976BU26600001.
S.G. Mamaev, V.M. Mostepanenko, A.A. Starobinskii, Energy and pressure of matter created near an isotropic cosmological singularity (in Russian), Письма в Астрон. ж., 2(3), 136-139 (1976) [S.G. Mamaev, V.M. Mostepanenko, A.A. Starobinskii, Energy and pressure of matter created near an isotropic cosmological singularity, Sov. Astron. Lett., 2(2), 53-54 (1976)].
Я.Б. Зельдович, А.А. Старобинский, О возможности холодной космологической сингулярности и спектре первичных дыр, Письма в ЖЭТФ, 24(11), 616-618 (1976) [Ya.B. Zel’dovich, A.A. Starobinskii, Possibility of a cold cosmological singularity in the spectrum of primordial black holes, JETP Lett., 24(11), 571-573 (1976)], WoS: A1976DT22900010.
Я.Б. Зельдович, А.А. Старобинский, Рождение частиц и поляризация вакуума в анизотропном гравитационном поле, ЖЭТФ, 61 (6), 2161-2175 (1971) [Ya.B. Zeldovich, A.A. Starobinsky, Particle Production and Vacuum Polarization in an Anisotropic Gravitational Field, Sov. Phys. JETP, 34(6), 1159-1166 (1972)].
V.D. Krivchenkov, A.A. Starobinskii, Remark concerning infinitesimal operators of representations of the group 0+(4). (in Russian), Известия высших учебных заведений. Физика, № 9, 40–44 (1971) [V.D. Krivchenkov, A.A. Starobinskii, Remark concerning infinitesimal operators of representations of the group 0+(4), Sov. Phys. J., 14(9), 1194-1197 (1971)].
Я.Б. Зельдович, Л.П. Питаевский, В.С. Попов, А.А. Старобинский, Рождение пар в поле тяжелых ядер и в гравитационном поле, Успехи физ. наук, 105 (4), 780-781 (1971) [Ya.B. Zel’dovich, L.P. Pitaevskiĭ, V.S. Popov, A.A. Starobinskiĭ, Pair Production in a Field of Heavy Nuclei and in a Gravitational Field, Sov. Phys. Usp. 14(6), 811-813 (1972)].

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Summary: On February 25, 1999, the claimant injured her neck and right shoulder while lifting at work. She subsequently was diagnosed as suffering from a tear within the shoulder joint, for which she had surgery; carpal tunnel syndrome, for which she had surgery; and a cervical disk herniation and foraminal narrowing, for which she had surgery. Her last surgery was in 2001. In 2002 she worked for a month in a school kitchen, and from the fall of 2003 to March 2002 worked Monday and Tuesday nights as a bartender at a small bar in Clyde Park, Montana, a bar that on a good Monday or Tuesday night grossed $100. During her time as a bartender, a lateral epicondylitis flared in her right elbow and forearm, and in April 2002 she sought medical care for the condition. She alleges the condition is attributable to her 1999 industrial accident and is supported in her claim by her treating physicians. An IME doctor disputes the contention, opining that although her condition is job related it is the result of repetitive use and not her 1999 injury and became symptomatic as a result of her bartending.
Held: The claimant's conditions was caused by her industrial accident and the insurer is liable for her condition.
Causation: Medical Condition. "Causation is an essential element to benefit entitlement. The claimant has the burden to prove a causal connection by a preponderance of the evidence." Hash v. Montana Silversmith, 256 Mont. 252, 257, 846 P.2d 981, 983 (1993).
Proof: Conflicting Evidence: Medical. It has been a long standing rule that, while not conclusive, the treating physician's opinions are entitled to "greater evidentiary weight" than the testimony of non-treating physicians. Kloepfer v. Lumbermen's Mutual Casualty Co., 276 Mont. 495, 498, 916 P.2d 1310, 1312 (1996). At minimum, the rule requires this Court to defer to the treating physician where the evidence is evenly balanced. Key v. Liberty Northwest Ins. Co., 2001 MTWCC 53, ¶ 30.
Proof: Conflicting Evidence: Medical. Facts concerning the claimant's history of symptoms are considered in evaluating medical opinions which are driven by that history.
¶1 The trial in this matter was held in Bozeman, Montana, on April 9, 2004. Petitioner was present and represented by Mr. James G. Edmiston. Respondent was represented by Mr. Larry W. Jones.
¶2 Exhibits: There are two trial exhibits - Exhibits 4 and 5 - attached to the Pretrial Order. Additional exhibits are attached to the depositions. There are no objections to any of the exhibits and they are all admitted.
¶3 Witnesses and Depositions: Petitioner was the only witness at trial. In addition, the parties submitted the depositions of petitioner, Penny McNeill (2), Diana Berlin, Dr. Michelle Cameron-Donaldson, and Dr. Bill S. Rosen for the Court's consideration.
¶4a Whether Petitioner's right forearm/elbow condition of lateral epicondylitis is a compensable consequence of the original injury, so that Liberty is responsible for paying medical and indemnity benefits.
¶4b Whether Petitioner is entitled to an award of attorney fees and costs pursuant to §§39-71-611/612, MCA (1997) (bifurcated for later trial).
¶4c Whether Petitioner is entitled to an award of the twenty percent penalty under §39-71-2907, MCA (1997) (bifurcated for later trial).
The parties agreed at trial to proceed with the first issue and severed the latter two issues for later trial if needed. I am therefore bifurcating the second and third issues and certifying the judgment as to the first issue. Further delay in entering judgment may delay treatment of the condition and lead to further harm.
¶8 The claimant is currently suffering from lateral epicondylitis of the right forearm and elbow. The condition is characterized by right forearm pain. (See Rosen Dep. Ex. 2.) The claimant testified that the degree of pain is related to her activities. Lifting with her arm stretched out especially exacerbates her pain.
¶9 The question presented in the present case is whether her condition was caused by her 1999 industrial accident. The testimony on the question is conflicting.
¶10 Some further history of the claimant's other injuries provides background to the present controversy.
¶12 Following the shoulder repair, the claimant had tingling and numbness in her hands and underwent carpal tunnel releases. (Id.) The Court does not have the claimant's full medical records so the precise date of the surgery is unknown.
¶14 According to the claimant, at the time of her original injury her pain encompassed her shoulder and went all the way down her arm, however, the pain down her arm was principally on the underside of the arm.
¶16 The claimant was off work until August 2002 due to her shoulder, carpal tunnel, and cervical conditions. It was after her return to work in August 2002 that her right forearm pain flared and became truly troublesome.
¶17 In late August or early September 2002 claimant went to work as a kitchen worker for the central kitchen of the Bozeman School District. She worked approximately seven hours a day for four to five days a week. She worked there for approximately a month, and quit because of the long drive to and from work.
¶18 The claimant testified that while employed in the kitchen she had trouble lifting pans and trays with her arms extended. Her right forearm and elbow bothered her.
¶19 The claimant's next employment began in September or October 2002 when she went to work at the Lucky Penny Bar in Clyde Park. She worked Monday and Tuesday evenings as a bartender, mixing and serving drinks, providing poker machine change, and microwaving an occasional pizza.
¶20 Clyde Park is a small town with a population of 310 per the 1990 census.(3) The Lucky Penny is one of two bars in town. The claimant served approximately ten customers on an average evening, and most of the drinks were beer. The limited nature of the bar's business, and, more importantly, of the claimant's work, is best illustrated by bar revenues: the bar was lucky to rake in $100 on a Monday or Tuesday evening.
¶21 The claimant's job involved little more than lifting individual glasses and bottles of beer. Her husband changed out the beer keg when needed, cleaned, and took out garbage. She stocked the cooler but that involved putting individual bottles into the cooler.
¶22 The claimant's employment at the Lucky Penny lasted until March 2003. She testified that her right arm bothered her during her employment and that she finally quit because it was bothering her and she disliked the drive to and from work.
¶23 In March 2003, the claimant requested permission to change treating orthopedic doctors. (Ex. 4 at 26.) Her old treating physician, Dr. Campbell, was in Bozeman. By March 2003, a new orthopedic surgeon - Dr. Michelle Cameron-Donaldson - had established a practice in Livingston, Montana, which is much closer to the claimant's home. The claimant requested permission to see Dr. Cameron-Donaldson. (Id.) Liberty approved her request.
¶24 Dr. Cameron-Donaldson's medical credentials are set out in her CV. (Cameron-Donald Dep. Ex. 1.) She completed her residency in orthopedic surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. She then participated in a year long sports medicine fellowship at Stedman Hawkins Clinic in Vail, Colorado, completing the fellowship in 2001. She has authored numerous papers, some of which have been published and others which have been submitted for review. She received several awards for her research and one for a paper on the upper extremity.
¶27 Dr. Cameron-Donaldson sent her findings to Montana Workman's [sic] Comp [Liberty]. (Cameron-Donaldson Dep. Ex. 2.) Following receipt of those findings, Liberty requested the claimant to return to Dr. Campbell, her original treating physician for examination.
Today, Ms. Brodie [claimant] tells me that the symptoms of right forearm pain began approximately six months prior to the onset of her evaluation with Dr. Donaldson. She notes that her symptoms worsened in December when she began working part time as a bartender. She reports that because the symptoms worsened to such a degree, she eventually quit the job.
¶32 Both Drs. Cameron-Donaldson and Rosen testified by deposition.
9 related to her original injury in her shoulder.
16 they weren't really designed to be stressed.
19 her neck, she developed problems with her arm.
¶34 Dr. Cameron-Donaldson was asked about the contribution of the claimant's work at the Lucky Penny but was unable to comment, noting that it could have caused an exacerbation of symptoms or flare-up. (Id. at 19.) She also noted, however, that activities of daily living could cause a natural progression of the claimant's symptoms.
¶35 With respect to Dr. Wood's 2001 office note concerning aching in the claimant's forearm, Dr. Cameron-Donaldson testified that it could have been due to either the claimant's neck condition or from epicondylitis, but she went on to point out that aching due to neck problems is more typically in the shoulders rather than the arm, although the aching can run into the arms. Her testimony in this regard, which is unrefuted, weakly supports a conclusion that claimant's epicondylitis was mildly symptomatic prior to her return to work. The conclusion is strengthened by claimant's testimony that she experienced off-and-on elbow or arm pain after the industrial accident and prior to her returning to work.
¶38 Dr. Rosen disagreed with Dr. Cameron-Donaldson's mechanical compensation theory of causation. He testified that he spent one-half hour doing a Medline search and could not find articles supporting her theory. He also added some "lunchroom" discussion he had with two orthopedic surgeons as buttressing his opinions, however, I do not know what details they were provided and they did not testify, so I give the lunchroom talk little weight.
¶39 This case presents the perennial problem concerning conflicting medical testimony: How does a court, sitting as fact-finder, resolve the conflict, especially where the conflicting opinions are by eminently qualified physicians and none appear illogical or biased?
¶40 Medical literature is of course one measure which can be used in judging the validity of opinions, especially, in cases where the condition is non-traumatic and the case for causation involves review of epidemiological evidence. However, it is of limited use in this case for several reasons. First, Dr. Cameron-Donaldson was not asked about supporting literature and based her opinions on actual experience and knowledge concerning the treatment of shoulder injuries. While some causation questions are best answered by scientific research and epidemiological studies, I did not have evidence in this case indicating the sort of causation at issue here has been studied. Second, Dr. Rosen's search apparently did not turn up evidence refuting Dr. Cameron-Donaldson's theory.
¶41 Dr. Cameron-Donaldson, who picked up the claimant's treatment in 2003, expressly deferred to Dr. Campbell, and I agree with her deference. It has been a long-standing rule that while not conclusive, the treating physician's opinions are entitled to "greater evidentiary weight" than the testimony of non-treating physicians. Kloepfer v. Lumbermen's Mutual Casualty Co., 276 Mont. 495, 498, 916 P.2d 1310, 1312 (1996). At minimum, the rule requires this Court to defer to the treating physician where the evidence is evenly balanced. Key v. Liberty Northwest Ins. Co., 2001 MTWCC 53, ¶ 30. Although the parties did not provide complete medical records showing the extent Dr. Campbell saw the claimant over the time subsequent to her 1999 shoulder surgery, he was the initial treating physician for the claimant's industrial injury, and certainly followed the claimant for at least some period of time following her SLAP surgery. He was therefore in the best position to evaluate the relationship between her epicondylitis and her industrial injury. With the evidence provided by Dr. Cameron-Donaldson in support of Dr. Campbell's opinion, and lacking, I find this is an appropriate case to defer to the treating physician.
¶42 Moreover, I think the facts of the case are more consistent with Dr. Campbell's and Dr. Cameron-Donaldson's causation opinions, although that factual support is somewhat weak. Among those facts is the limited nature of the claimant's employment in 2002 and 2003. She worked for only a month in the school district kitchen. While working for several months as a bartender, a full explication of her bartending work shows that the physical requirements of her work were little different than ordinary household chores or everyday living activities. I find little indication in the depositions or medical records that either Dr. Cameron-Donaldson or Dr. Rosen fully appreciated the limited extent of her physical activities while bartending. In light of the nature of her bartending activities, the increase in her symptoms during her employment are likely coincidental and is more consistent with a natural progression of a preexisting condition than due to work-related trauma. Claimant's complaints to Dr. Wood in 2001 and her recollection of some mild waxing and waning of forearm pain over the years following her industrial accident are fully consistent with that conclusion.
¶44 I therefore find that the claimant's lateral epicondylitis of the right arm is causally related to her February 25, 1999 industrial injury.
¶45 This case is governed by the 1997 version of the Montana Workers' Compensation Act since that was the law in effect at the time of the claimant's industrial accident. Buckman v. Montana Deaconess Hospital, 224 Mont. 318, 321, 730 P.2d 380, 382 (1986).
¶46 The claimant bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that she is entitled to the benefits she seeks. Ricks v. Teslow Consolidated, 162 Mont. 469, 512 P.2d 1304 (1973); Dumont v. Wicken Bros. Construction Co., 183 Mont. 190, 598 P.2d 1099 (1979).
¶47 An insurer is liable only for those medical conditions caused or materially aggravated by an industrial accident. "Causation is an essential element to benefit entitlement. The claimant has the burden to prove a causal connection by a preponderance of the evidence." Hash v. Montana Silversmith, 256 Mont. 252, 257, 846 P.2d 981, 983 (1993); followed in, e.g., Dolan v. American Protection Ins. Co., 2004 MTWCC 9, ¶ 36; Markovich v. Helmsman Management Services, 2003 MTWCC 4, ¶ 30. Thus, an insurer is not liable for a new condition caused by a subsequent injury or events. Anderson v. Zurich American Ins. Co., 2003 MTWCC 45, ¶¶ 37-38.
¶48 In this case, the evidence, though far from overwhelming, preponderates in favor of a finding and conclusion that the claimant's epicondylitis was caused by her 1999 industrial injury. Accordingly, Liberty is liable for that condition.
¶49 The claimant's lateral epicondylitis was caused by her 1999 industrial injury for which Liberty is responsible. Liberty is therefore liable for and shall pay all reasonable medical expenses related to the condition and shall pay any indemnity benefits which are due on account of disability arising from the condition.
¶50 The penalty and attorney fee issues are bifurcated and are therefore not addressed.
¶51 This JUDGMENT is certified as final for purposes of appeal.
¶52 Any party to this dispute may have twenty days in which to request a rehearing from these Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law and Judgment.
DATED in Helena, Montana, this 27th day of May, 2004.
1. At the time of the accident, the claimant's last name was Brodie. She has since married and taken her husband's last name.


text:
I am broadly interested in understanding what enables cells to grow, divide, transmit signals, process information and make decisions. These processes are particularly interesting because they happen reliably in spite of the inherent randomness, or stochasticity, of the biochemical networks inside the cell.
The goal of my research is to identify the principles that govern the design and robust function of networks of interacting genes and proteins. These design principles are ones that have been consistently chosen by evolution, and so may play an important role in the cell.
Biological networks are too complex to be understood by studying their individual components alone. To study the networks at a systems-level it is necessary to use a theoretical approach. To do this I use tools from physics, mathematics and bioinformatics. This allows me to explore the temporal, spatial and stochastic dynamics of biochemical network models using analytical, computational or statistical and computational methods.
Experimental advances in high-throughput methods in molecular biology provide systems-level data. Single cell studies quantify variations in biomolecular copy numbers in the cells and their corresponding effects on the cell’s appearance and characteristics, it’s phenotype. Together, these data provide an excellent opportunity for system-level and quantitative study of the mechanisms of robust cellular function, and phenotypic variability. To this end, I regularly collaborate with biologists that generate system level and single cell level experimental data to incorporate this into our mathematical models.
I am based in the Department of Mathematics at Imperial College London. I am also the mathematician in residence at MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (MRC LMS), where I consult and collaborate with MRC LMS researchers on the application of mathematical approaches in biomedical science.
Read more about Shahrezaei’s work on using maths to model the “bet hedging” of biology.
Stochastic decision making in the lambda phage (A-B) Schematic of the core genetic network involved in lysis-lysogeny decision. CI gene promotes itself and represses the other genes. Cro represses everything, while CII promotes CI. (C-D) It is observed that multiplicity of infection (MOI) can affect decision making even if the concentration of phage in bacteria is remained constant. Stochastic simulations of this genetic system shows that one phage in a small cell compared to two phage in cell with double volume produces very similar mean [CII] time course (blue lines). However, the stochastic trajectory of [CII] (green lines) is much more variable in the MOI= 1 case, resulting in a higher chance of crossing threshold (dashed lines) and inducing lysogeny fate.
Bertaux F, Marguerat S, Shahrezaei V. (2018). Division rate, cell size and proteome allocation: impact on gene expression noise and implications for the dynamics of genetic circuits. Royal Society Open Science 5.
Uhia I, Priestman M, Joyce G, Krishnan N, Shahrezaei V, Robertson BD. (2018). Analysis of ParAB dynamics in mycobacteria shows active movement of ParB and differential inheritance of ParA. PLOS One 13.
Priestman M, Thomas P, Robertson BD, Shahrezaei V. (2017). Mycobacteria Modify Their Cell Size Control under Sub-Optimal Carbon Sources. Front Cell Dev Biol 5.
Sturrock M, Li S, Shahrezaei V. (2017). The influence of nuclear compartmentalisation on stochastic dynamics of self-repressing gene expression. Journal of Theoretical Biology 424, 55-72.
Archer N, Walsh MD, Shahrezaei V, Hebenstreit D. (2016). Modeling Enzyme Processivity Reveals that RNA-Seq Libraries Are Biased in Characteristic and Correctable Ways. Cell Systems 3, 467.
Shahrezaei V, Marguerat S. (2015). Connecting growth with gene expression: of noise and numbers. Curr Opin Microbiol 25, 127-135.
Robb M, Shahrezaei V. (2014). Stochastic cellular fate decision making by multiple infecting Lambda phage. PLOS One 9.
Dushek O, Lellouch A, Vaux D, Shahrezaei V. (2014). A novel biosensor architecture is predicted to reduce nonlinear reporting of signaling protein activity. Biophysical Journal 107, 773-82.
Szomolay B, Shahrezaei V. (2012). Bell-shaped and ultrasensitive dose-response in phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycles: the role of kinase-phosphatase complex formation. BMC Systems Biology 6, 26.
Malleshaiah M*, Shahrezaei V*, Swain PS, Michnick SW. (2010). The Ste5 scaffold protein directly controls a switch-like mating decision in yeast. Nature 465, 101-105.

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On November 27, 2017, the Supreme Court heard argument in Oil States Energy Services, LLC v. Greene’s Energy Group, LLC, to answer whether inter partes review (IPR) violates the Constitution by “extinguishing private property rights through a non-Article III forum without a jury.” The case stems from an IPR proceeding in front of the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB). Greene’s Energy Group filed the IPR petition to invalidate certain claims of U.S. Patent No. 6,179,053, which is owned by Oil States. In the IPR proceeding, the PTAB found that all of the claims at issue were unpatentable.
Oil States appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which affirmed the decision of the PTAB in a Rule 36 decision providing no written opinion. The Supreme Court then granted certiorari, limited to the question above. As discussed below, the oral argument shows a split among the Court on the issue.
Congress created IPR proceedings, with the passage of the America Invents Act (AIA), to allow third parties to challenge the validity of issued patents at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) based on prior art patents and printed publications. IPR proceedings are generally considered “a quicker and cheaper substitute for litigation.” Frequently, district courts grant accused infringers’ motions to stay litigation pending IPR proceedings. Over the past few years, the PTAB has invalidated a large percentage of claims that have been reviewed, and in turn, IPR has become a very popular avenue for accused infringers. Prior to the creation of IPR, the USPTO examined the validity of issued patents for more than 30 years through ex parte reexamination, and more recently through inter partes reexamination.
Are Patents a Public Right or a Private Right?
As noted by the Federal Circuit in MCM, one central question is whether patent rights are a public right or a private right. Under Article III of the Constitution, Congress cannot “withdraw from judicial cognizance any matter which, from its nature, is the subject of a suit at the common law, or in equity, or admiralty.” In practice what this means is that only an Article III court can decide cases that were traditionally subject to common law at courts in England in 1789. One exception to this rule that the Supreme Court has recognized is that cases concerned with so-called “public rights” can be assigned to administrative agencies for resolution.
Parties in patent disputes have some options in light of the upcoming decision, which is expected in the next few months. If the Supreme Court were to find that IPR is an unconstitutional delegation of power, it is not clear what would happen to patents that were already declared invalid by the PTAB. Patentees who have patents invalidated by the PTAB should try to avoid final judgments by district courts, so that they might still have the opportunity to assert their patents if the Supreme Court reverses in Oil States. Efforts to accomplish this have had, thus far, little success.
Some patentees have also attempted to avoid IPR by transferring their patents to Native American tribes, which might not be subject to IPR under sovereign immunity. Although it is not yet clear whether this scheme will effectively render the patents immune to IPR, this issue has slowed down the IPR proceedings, and may ensure that these proceedings or appeals from these proceedings are still live when Oil States is decided.
Some had hoped that oral argument would provide a good indicator of how the Court will rule in this case, but the justices seemed split and the outcome is far from clear. Joseph Matal, director of the USPTO, had predicted that the Court would issue “a 9-0 decision in the agency’s favor,” which following arguments seems unlikely. The opinion in Oil States will provide a final answer as to whether Congress can authorize the USPTO to review the validity of issued patents, a question that was first brought to the Federal Circuit in 1985.
Click here to read a transcript of the arguments in Oil States Energy Services, LLC v. Greene’s Energy Group, LLC.
 Oil States Energy Servs., LLC, No. 16-712 (U.S. argued November 27, 2017).
 Petition for a Writ of Certiorari at 2, Oil States Energy Servs., LLC, No. 15-446 (U.S. Feb. 22, 2016).
 Brief for the Petitioner at 17, Cuozzo Speed Techs., LLC, No. 15-446 (U.S. Feb. 22, 2016).
 MCM Portfolio LLC v. Hewlett-Packard Co., 812 F.3d 1284 (Fed. Cir. 2015).
 Id. at 1291 and 1293.
 Murray’s Lessee v. Hoboken Land & Improvement Co., 59 U.S. 272, 284 (1855).
 Stern v. Marshall, 564 U.S. 462, 484 (2011).
 Brief for Respondent at 30, Oil States Energy Servs., LLC, No. 15-446 (U.S. Oct. 23, 2017).
 Brief of Petitioner, Oil States Energy Servs., LLC, No. 15-446 (U.S. Aug. 24, 2017).
 Commodity Futures Trading Comm’n v. Schor, 478 U.S. 833, 851 (1986).
 See Order Dismissing Case, SurfCast, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp., ECF No. 315 (D. Me. August 21, 2017) (No. 2:12-cv-00333-JDL).
 Order at 1, LEAK Surveys, Inc. v. FLIR Systems, Inc., ECF No. 141 (N.D. Tex. November 13, 2017) (No. 3:13-cv-02897).
 See, e.g., Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc., et al. v. Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe, IPR 2016-01127.
 Ryan Davis, USPTO Chief Predicts Supreme Court will Uphold AIA Reviews (June 29, 2017), https://www.law360.com/articles/934552/uspto-chief-predicts-supreme-court-will-uphold-aia-reviews.
 Patlex Corp. v. Mossinghoff, 758 F.2d 594, 604 (Fed. Cir. 1985).

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EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, SECRETARY OF FINANCE, COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS, DISTRICT COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS, Port of Aparri, Cagayan, DISTRICT COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS, Port of San Fernando, La Union, and HEAD OF THE LAND TRANSFORTATION OFFICE, Petitioners, v.FORERUNNER MULTI RESOURCES, INC., Respondent.
We review1 a ruling2 of the Court of Appeals enjoining the government from enforcing, litis pendentia, a ban on the importation of used motor vehicles.
Respondent Forerunner Multi Resources, Inc. (respondent), a corporation engaged in the importation of used motor vehicles via the ports of Aparri, Cagayan and San Fernando, La Union, sued the government in the Regional Trial Court of Aparri, Cagayan (trial court) to declare invalid EO 156, impleading petitioner public officials as respondents.8 Respondent attacked EO 156 for (1) having been issued by President Arroyo ultra vires; (2) trenching the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Constitution; and (3) having been superseded by Executive Order No. 418 (EO 418),9 issued by President Arroyo on 4 April 2005, modifying the tariff rates of imported used motor vehicles. Respondent sought a preliminary injunctive writ to enjoin, litis pendentia, the enforcement of EO 156.
Respondent elevated the case to the Court of Appeals in a certiorari petition.
Petitioners are now before this Court charging the Court of Appeals with having committed an error of law in reinstating the preliminary injunctive writ for respondent. They argue that Southwing controls the case, precluding the Court of Appeals from recognizing a clear legal right of respondent to import used motor vehicles.
Respondent counters that the doctrinal import of Southwing was weakened by the subsequent issuance of EO 418, allegedly repealing EO 156. Respondent invokes our minute Resolution of 15 November 2010 denying the petition in G.R. No. 187475 (Executive Secretary v. Feniz [CEZA] International, Inc.) as judicial confirmation of the supposed repeal.
As prayed for by petitioners, we issued a temporary restraining order on 16 January 2012 against the Court of Appeals ruling.
The question is whether the Court of Appeals erred in granting preliminary injunctive relief to respondent to enjoin enforcement of EO 156.
We hold that it was error for the Court of Appeals to grant preliminary injunctive relief to respondent. We set aside the Court of Appeals ruling and reinstate the trial courts Order of 7 July 2010.
It is a deeply ingrained doctrine in Philippine remedial law that a preliminary injunctive writ under Rule 5814 issues only upon a showing of the applicants "clear legal right"15 being violated or under threat of violation by the defendant.16 "Clear legal right," within the meaning of Rule 58, contemplates a right "clearly founded in or granted by law."17 Any hint of doubt or dispute on the asserted legal right precludes the grant of preliminary injunctive relief.18 For suits attacking the validity of laws or issuances with the force and effect of law, as here, the applicant for preliminary injunctive relief bears the added burden of overcoming the presumption of validity inhering in such laws or issuances.19 These procedural barriers to the issuance of a preliminary injunctive writ are rooted on the equitable nature of such relief, preserving the status quo while, at the same time, restricting the course of action of the defendants even before adverse judgment is rendered against them.
The narrow ambit of this review precludes us from passing upon the merits of the constitutional and administrative issues respondent raised to attack EO 156. Nevertheless, we have no hesitation in holding that whatever legal right respondent may possess vis à vis the operation of EO 156, we find such legal right to be doubtful by force of the Southwing precedent. Until reversed or modified by this Court, Southwing makes conclusive the presumption of EO 156s validity. Our holding is bolstered by respondents failure to remove its case from the confines of such ruling.
Nor does our ruling in Filipino Metals furnish doctrinal support for respondent. We sustained the trial courts issuance of a preliminary injunctive writ in that case to enjoin the enforcement of Republic Act No. 8800 (RA 8800) delegating to a cabinet member the power to adopt measures to address prejudicial importations in contravention of relevant international agreements. We grounded our ruling on the fact that the petitioners, which principally argued that RA 8800 violates Article VI, Section 28(2) of the Constitution (limiting Congress delegation of the power to fix trade quotas to the President), "have established a strong case for the unconstitutionality of RA 8800."23 In short, the petitioners in Filipino Metals discharged the burden of overcoming the presumption of validity accorded to RA 8800, warranting the issuance of a preliminary injunctive writ in their favor. Southwing forecloses a similar finding for respondent.
Contrary to respondent's claim, our minute Resolution dated 15 November 2010 denying the petition in Feniz did not have the effect of modifying much less reversing our holding in Southwing. The petition in Feniz sought a review of the ruling of the trial court striking down Section 2 of EO 418. The trial court found such provision, which imposed additional specific duty of P500,000 on each imported used motor vehicle, void for having been issued by President Arroyo ultra vires. Neither the validity of EO 156 nor the alleged repeal by EO 418 of EO 156 was the lis mota in Feniz.
WHEREFORE, we GRANT the petition. We SET ASIDE the Decision dated 27 June 2011 and the Resolution dated 14 November 2011 of the Court of Appeals. The Order dated 7 July 201 0 of the Regional Trial Court of Aparri, Cagayan, Branch 10, is REINSTATED. The temporary restraining order issued on 16 January 2012 is made PERMANENT.
2 Decision dated 27 June 2011 and Resolution denying reconsideration dated 14 November 2011, penned by Associate Justice Agnes Reyes-Carpio with Associate Justices Fernanda Lampas Peralta and Priscilla J. Baltazar-Padilla, concurring.
4 Exempted from the bans coverage are personal vehicles of returning residents or immigrants, diplomatic vehicles, trucks, buses, and special purpose vehicles (Section 3.1.1 to Section 3.1.5).
5 EO 156, 13th Whereas Clause.
6 G.R. No. 164172 (Executive Secretary v. Subic Integrated Macro Ventures Corp.) and G.R. No. 168741 (Executive Secretary v. Motor Vehicle Importers Association of Subic Bay Freeport, Inc.), all reported in 518 Phil. 103 (2006).
7 We held in Southwing: "In sum, the Court finds that Article 2, Section 3.1 of EO 156 is void insofar as it is made applicable to the presently secured fenced-in former Subic Naval Base area as stated in Section 1.1 of EO 97-A. Pursuant to the separability clause of EO 156, Section 3.1 is declared valid insofar as it applies to the customs territory or the Philippine territory outside the presently secured fenced-in former Subic Naval Base area as stated in Section 1.1 of EO 97-A.
8 Docketed as SCA II-4677 for the writs of certiorari and prohibition.
10 Branch 6 of the trial court initially refused to issue a writ of preliminary injunction but Branch 10, to which the case was re-raffled, reconsidered in the Order of 27 November 2008.
13 502 Phil. 191 (2005).
14 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure.
15 Also variously phrased as "clear unmistakable right" (Equitable PCI Bank, Inc. v. OJ-Mark Trading, Inc., G.R. No. 165950, 11 August 2010, 628 SCRA 79, 89) or "clear and positive right" (Valley Trading Co., Inc. v. Court of First Instance of Isabela, Branch 11, 253 Phil. 494, 499 ).
16 Angela Estate, Inc. v. Court of First Instance of Negros Occidental, 133 Phil. 561 (1968) reiterated in Locsin v. Climaco, 136 Phil. 216 (1969); Bacolod Murcia Milling Co., Inc. v. Capitol Subdivision, Inc., 124 Phil. 128 (1966); Dizon v. Yatco, 121 Phil. 180 (1965).
17 Boncodin v. National Power Corporation Employees Consolidated Union (NECU), 534 Phil. 741, 754 (2006).
18 Sps. Arcega v. Court of Appeals, 341 Phil. 166 (1997).
19 Valley Trading Co., Inc. v. Court of First Instance of Isabela, Branch 11, supra; Tablarin v. Gutierrez, 236 Phil. 768 (1987); Ve r a v. A rc a, 138 Phil. 369 (1969).
20 Supra note 6 at 129.
22 Talisay-Silay Milling Co., Inc. v. CFI of Negros Occidental, 149 Phil. 676 (1971); Bacolod Murcia Milling Co., Inc. v. Capitol Subdivision, Inc., supra note 16.
23 Supra note 13 at 200.

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Walsworth’s Life Sciences practice focuses on the defense of pharmaceutical, medical device and dietary and herbal supplement and research institutions in product liability claims, brought individually, as mass tort, multi-district litigation (MDL), or class action litigation. Our class action lawyers have substantial experience litigating the nuanced differences between various state and federal class action provisions, including the Class Action Fairness Act, and have successfully defeated class certification in numerous cases, which resulted in a significant reduction in the value of the case. The firm’s clients derive substantial benefit from our experienced team of trial lawyers who have successfully taken numerous product cases to verdict and stand ready to try cases at any time and location.
We have represented clients as both local and regional counsel, and we have also served as national coordinating counsel for a number of our clients. Our in-depth knowledge about our clients’ products and businesses leads to novel strategies and results that, in many cases, our clients thought at the beginning of the litigation were not possible. Walsworth clients look to our experience and level of commitment in developing national strategies and handling all phases of litigation, including appeals.
In addition to exceptional representation in the courtroom, we also provide pre-litigation avoidance counseling. Our extensive litigation experience, technical expertise and knowledge of our clients’ industries are keys to our success in helping clients assess risk and avoid litigation.
Hyoung v. Amneal Pharmaceuticals – Dismissal of generic pharmaceutical manufacturer from a personal injury product liability case where the plaintiff claimed she developed Stevens Johnson Syndrome from ingestion of drug.
Gonzalez v. Various Defendants – Dismissal of a drug manufacturer client from a personal injury product liability action at the outset of case in response to a planned filing of a demurrer.
Truong v. Teva Parenteral Medicines, Inc. – Dismissal of a pharmaceutical manufacturer from a personal injury product liability action.
Almaguer v. Centurion – Dismissal of medical device manufacturer in personal injury product liability case. Plaintiff sought damages for permanent injuries to a minor allegedly resulting from defective circumcision clamp.
Matheson v. StelKast – Dismissal of hip implant manufacturer in personal injury product liability action.
Judgment entered in favor of medical device manufacturer client following two rounds of successful dispositive motions. While motion for summary judgment was pending, plaintiff was granted leave to amend her complaint to add new causes of action. A demurrer was filed on behalf of manufacturer client and sustained by the court, without leave to amend.
Morgan v. Wang – Dismissal of a medical device manufacturer in a personal injury product liability and fraud action where plaintiff sought damages related to a spinal fusion procedure.

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Juan Pablo Rendon-Inzunza is currently serving a 59-month sentence for importing cocaine into the United States. Now before the Court is Rendon-Inzunza's habeas petition brought pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255, through which he seeks a sentence reduction. Mr. Rendon-Inzunza seeks the relief on the ground that, due to his alien status, he is ineligible for a one-year sentence reduction through a drug program, or early release into a halfway house. He argues that deprivation of these benefits or privileges due to his alien status violates his Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment rights to due process and equal protection.
Mr. Rendon-Inzunza's contention that he is entitled to relief on due process and equal protection grounds is without merit. To state an equal protection claim, a plaintiff must allege he was treated differently from other similarly situated persons, see City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Ctr., 473 U.S. 432, 439 (1985), and deportable aliens are not "similarly situated" to United States citizens. It is not an equal protection violation to allow United States citizen-inmates, who must re-enter domestic society, to participate in rehabilitative or other programs while denying that privilege to deportable inmates. See, e.g., Santos v. United States, 940 F.Supp. 275, 281 (D. Hawaii 1996) (one's status as deportable alien, which may result in ineligibility for less restrictive terms of confinement, cannot justify downward departure; plaintiff failed to state an equal protection claim "because deportable aliens are not 'similarly situated' to United States citizens"). The Supreme Court "has firmly and repeatedly endorsed the proposition that Congress may make rules as to aliens that would be unacceptable if applied to citizens." Demore v. Kim, 538 U.S. 510, 521-22 (2003).
This Court has previously rejected the claim that an alien's ineligibility for various prisoner programs or benefits violates that person's rights. See Lizarraga-Lopez v. United States, 89 F.Supp.2d 1166 (S.D. Cal. 2000). In Lizarraga-Lopez, the movant sought a downward departure because, as a deportable alien, he was ineligible for early release into a halfway house. Lizarraga-Lopez brought his motion under 18 U.S.C. § 3624(c), which requires the Director of the Bureau of Prisons ensure, to the extent practicable, that prisoners spend a portion of their final months in prison under conditions that afford them "a reasonable opportunity to adjust to and prepare for the re-entry" into the community. Since Lizarraga-Lopez was a pro se litigant, the Court considered whether his motion might appropriately be brought under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. To the extent that Lizarraga-Lopez challenged the propriety of his sentence based on the allegedly selective application of 18 U.S.C. § 3624(c), and not the execution of his sentence by the Bureau of Prisons, the Court liberally construed his motion as stating a colorable claim under section 2255. The case therefore speaks directly to this one.
After a thoughtful analysis, the Court concluded that the movant's status as a deportable alien needn't be considered as a mitigating factor for the purposes of a downward departure. First, section 3624(c) does not "guarantee placement into community confinement for any federal prisoner regardless of citizenship status." Id. at 1169. To the contrary, the words "to the extent practicable" appear, front and center, in the provision. Second, the Bureau of Prisons has broad discretion to determine the appropriate conditions for a prisoner under 18 U.S.C. § 3621(b). Id. Third, legitimate policy interests and Congress's plenary power over alien affairs justify the differential treatment. Id. And fourth, "to allow Lizarraga-Lopez a five-month early release and deportation would grant him a windfall relative to those prisoners who are United States citizens, since Lizarraga-Lopez would be entirely free from custody while his counterparts remained in detention either at home or in a 'halfway house.'" Id.
The Courtalso concluded, even assuming section 3624(c) "confers any substantive right to be vindicated by habeas relief," that the text and logic of the statute must exclude deportable aliens from early release programs. Id. The Court's reasoning stands. The purpose of halfway houses is to facilitate the reintegration of prisoners into the community, but prisoners in Rendon-Inzunza's position are released first to the Attorney General and then to a foreign community. Moreover, halfway houses are still custodial institutions wherein prisoners serve out their full sentences, and from which deportable aliens would be a unique flight risk.
No due process or equal protection issue arises merely because a defendant's alien status excludes him from certain programs available to citizens, within the prison system or without. Accordingly, Mr. Rendon-Inzunza's argument that the court should consider his request for an additional downward departure on that basis raises no ground for habeas relief and is rejected. The Motion is accordingly DENIED. Additionally, Rendon-Inzunza has not made a substantial showing that he has been denied a constitutional right, thus the Court sua sponte DENIES a certificate of appealability. 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2) (providing that a certificate shall issue "only if the applicant has made a substantial showing of a denial of a constitutional right").


Section, act Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, title I, § 111, 60 Stat. 999, set forth Congressional declaration of objectives for this chapter.
Title I, § 101, 60 Stat. 999, which provided that titles I through X of act Aug. 13, 1946, which enacted this chapter and amended section 681 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, be cited as the “Foreign Service Act of 1946”.
Title X, § 1061, 60 Stat. 1032, which provided that chapter be construed liberally.
Title X, § 1062, 60 Stat. 1033, which provided that if any provision of this chapter or the application of any such provision to any person or circumstance be held invalid, the validity of the remainder of the chapter or the application thereof not be affected.
Title X, § 1063, 60 Stat. 1033, which provided that the title, part, and section headings of this chapter were inserted for convenience and, in the case of conflict between such headings and substance of the titles, parts, or sections, the heading be disregarded.
Title X, § 1064, 60 Stat. 1033, which provided that nothing in this chapter be construed to affect provisions of act July 3, 1946, ch. 359, §§ 1–4, 60 Stat. 426, formerly set out as a note under section 906 of this title, and that “classified grades” under that Act be construed to mean classes 1 to 5, inclusive.
Title X, § 1071, 60 Stat. 1033, which authorized appropriations to carry out the purposes of this chapter.
Title XI, § 1122, 60 Stat. 1035, which provided that funds appropriated to Department of State for fiscal year 1947, under the caption “Foreign Service”, be available for purposes of this chapter and authorized additional appropriations as required to carry out this chapter.
Title XI, § 1132, 60 Stat. 1040, which provided that any section not expressly repealed by this chapter but which is inconsistent with any provisions of this chapter shall be considered as having been amended or superseded by this chapter.
Title XI, § 1133, 60 Stat. 1040, which provided that repeal of sections by this chapter should not in any way affect acts done or rights accruing or accrued, or any suits or proceedings had or commenced in any civil case, prior to such repeal, but that all rights and liabilities should continue as if such repeal had not been made.
Title XI, § 1134, 60 Stat. 1040, which provided that repeal of any section by this chapter shall not be construed as a revival, up to effective date of this chapter, of any section which may have been previously repealed by implication.
Title XI, § 1135, 60 Stat. 1040, which provided that notwithstanding provisions of this chapter, existing rules, regulations, and Executive orders remain in effect until revoked or modified, unless clearly inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter.
Title XI, § 1141, 60 Stat. 1040, which provided that this chapter be effective three months following Aug. 13, 1946.
Pub. L. 89–308, § 1, Oct. 31, 1965, 79 Stat. 1129, which provided that Pub. L. 89–308 be cited as the “Foreign Service Annuity Adjustment Act of 1965”, was repealed by Pub. L. 96–465, title II, § 2205(16) Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160.