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Flagellar filaments, which act as propellers, consist of self-assembling protein subunits (flagellin) arranged in a helix and forming a hollow tube (reviewed in reference 135). Subunits move down the hollow core and are polymerized at the tip of the flagellum. The V. parahaemolyticus polar organelle is a complex flagellum. There are six polar flagellin genes, organized in two loci (86, 122). The flagellins are similar to each other: FlaB and FlaA are 78% identical, FlaB and FlaC are 68% identical, FlaB and FlaD are 99% identical, FlaB and FlaF are 69% identical, and FlaB and FlaE are 50% identical. Despite the great protein similarity of FlaB and FlaD, the flagellins migrate differently on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, suggesting the possibility of posttranslational modification, e.g., glycosylation, which has been observed for flagellins of many bacteria including some spirochetes, Campylobacter species, and P. aeruginosa (27, 56, 171, 196), or phosphorylation, which has been detected for flagellins of P. aeruginosa (85). Analysis of the protein composition of purified flagella from wild-type strains and strains with mutations in flagellin genes suggests that all of the flagellins can be incorporated into the organelle and that FlaA, FlaB, and FlaD are the major subunits (121, 122; L. McCarter, unpublished data). Nothing is known with respect to their spatial arrangement in the flagellum. Loss of function of a single flagellin gene has little or no effect on swimming motility or flagellar structure (waveform or length). Thus, none of the six flagellin genes is essential for filament formation. Deletion of the flaFBA or the flaCD genes also has little effect on motility, but the deletion of both loci (flaFBA flaCD) completely abolishes motility (122).
Why are there six flagellin genes? It is not clear why the organism possesses such an extraordinary number of flagellins. The similarity of the gene products and the dispensability of the genes suggest that there are no special structural requirements, although the filament structure and function could be more complex and adapted to specific circumstances than our laboratory tests can reveal. Bacteria are known to modulate the antigenicity of their flagellar filaments by expression of different flagellin genes or by recombination and rearrangement of flagellin genes (reviewed in reference 190). Therefore, the capacity for immune system evasion in a host organism might account for some of the diversity. The multiplicity of flagellin genes suggests a significant reservoir for antigenic or phase variation. Although the sheath covers the filament and might be thought to provide a disguise, electron microscopy suggests that it may be fragile (2, 164). Thus, the sheath may not protect the filament against the immune response of a host. In some respects the endoflagella of the spirochetes are similar, for these flagella can also be viewed as being sheathed, polar organelles (reviewed in reference 103). The spirochete flagella are normally found in the periplasm, between the outer membrane and the cell cylinder and attached near each cell pole. Purification of periplasmic flagella demonstrated that these filaments are also complex, with generally two to four different flagellin proteins, encoded by distinct genes, as well as containing an accessory, nonflagellin protein.
The flagellum is sheathed by an apparent extension of the cell membrane (2). The mechanism of how a sheathed flagellum rotates has not been elucidated. Potentially, the flagellar filament could rotate within the sheath or the two could rotate as a unit (50). Little is known about the composition, formation, or function of flagellar sheaths, which are found in many bacteria, including marine Vibrio species, V. cholerae, B. bacteriovorus, and Helicobacter pylori (reviewed in reference 164). Evidence from these organisms suggests that the sheath contains both lipopolysaccharide and proteins and that it may exist as a stable membrane domain distinct from the outer membrane (42, 51, 58, 69, 144). The lipid content of the sheath of B. bacteriovorus is distinct from that of the outer membrane, and the sheath appears to be a highly fluid, symmetric bilayer (179). How the sheath is formed remains essentially uninvestigated. It has been postulated that the sheath forms concomitantly with the elongation of the flagellar filament. However, it is provocative to note that "tubules" or structures that appear to be empty sheaths lacking filament have been observed, which suggests the interesting possibility of uncoupling of the flagellar core and the sheath assembly (2). One of three major sheath proteins of V. alginolyticus has been characterized. Genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that it is a lipoprotein (52). Another flagellar sheath protein that is a lipoprotein is HpaA of H. pylori (76, 144). There is some controversy about the role and cellular location of HpaA. Although HpaA has also been reported to be a cell surface adhesin (45), other groups have localized HpaA to the cytoplasm (144) or the flagellar sheath (76), and no adherence defect for hpaA mutants to eukaryotic cell lines has been demonstrated (76, 144). Experiments with V. anguillarum suggest the sheath is a virulence organelle. Mutants of V. anguillarum that lack a major flagellar sheath antigen are avirulent, even though the initial stages of infection are unaffected (137). Biochemical analysis indicates that this particular sheath antigen is lipopolysaccharide. Thus, the sheath may be important for specific interactions with the environment.
And, the presence of the sheath appears to make the loss of the distal cap (HAP2, here) non-fatal to flagellar function.
The sheath seems to provide some variation to the pathway of flagellar assembly. The hook-basal-body complex forms a channel through which proteins can be exported. In fact, not only are structural elements of the flagellum exported through this channel, but also regulatory molecules, e.g., the flagellar anti- factor FlgM, are secreted (70, 99, 139). For bacteria with unsheathed flagella, such as E. coli, mutants with defects in genes encoding three hook-associated proteins (HAPs) are nonmotile and secrete unpolymerized flagellin subunits (66). HAP1 and HAP3 are the connector proteins that join the filament to the hook. Without the ability to adapt flagellin subunits to the hook, the flagellins are secreted. HAP2 is also called the distal capping protein because its role is one of a cap or plug. Without this cap, flagellins are also secreted. Since purified flagellin subunits can assemble in vitro (9) and since an S. enterica serovar Typhimurium mutant lacking HAP2 can polymerize filaments if the concentration of flagellin in the external medium is high (67), the role of HAP2 has been viewed as capping the flagellar tip to retard subunit secretion sufficiently to increase the local concentration of flagellin and promote self-assembly. Recent work in Salmonella, analyzing cap-filament interactions by cryoelectron microscopy, suggests a model for the cap as being a flat, disklike pentameric structure that acts as a processive chaperone, preventing the loss of flagellin monomers and actively catalyzing folding and insertion into the filament (200).
HAP mutants of V. parahaemolyticus display different phenotypes (122). The most striking difference is in the phenotypes of mutants with defects in the gene encoding HAP2. These mutants are competent for filament assembly and motile. Figure 5 compares the flagella of the wild type and mutants with defects in the gene that encodes HAP2, and the flagella seem mostly indistinguishable. This suggests that in the absence of HAP2 but in the presence of the flagellar sheath, the local concentrations of the flagellin monomers remain high enough to allow polymerization of subunits. HAP1 and HAP3 mutants of V. parahaemolyticus are nonmotile and nonflagellated; however, they produce detached, severely truncated filaments encased in a membrane (122). The sheath seems to act to retain flagellin monomers and allow subunit assembly. The polymerized flagellins cannot be connected to the hook and bleb off as abortive filaments surrounded by a membrane vesicle. Similar filamentless mutants that produce flagellin-containing membrane vesicles were isolated in V. alginolyticus, although the genetic lesions in these strains were not determined (136). Thus, the sheath itself appears to be able to substitute for the cap.
The complement of chemotaxis (che) genes and their organization are different from those in E. coli. One of these genes is cheV, which encodes a hybrid CheY/CheW. CheV has been found in a number of organisms, including Bacillus species, Campylobacter jejuni, H. pylori, P. aeruginosa, and V. cholerae. In B. subtilis, genetic analysis suggests that CheV and CheW are functionally redundant (155). Three unusual ORFs occur within the che gene cluster of region 2. ORF1 encodes a protein that resembles Soj of B. subtilis and other ATPase proteins involved in chromosome partitioning (152, 161). The other ORFs encode potential polypeptides that do not resemble proteins of known function. It seems curious that a Soj-like protein exists within a flagellar/chemotaxis operon, and this particular arrangement is conserved in other bacteria, e.g., P. aeruginosa, P. putida, and V. cholerae. Perhaps these novel ORFs will prove key for understanding the linkage between cell division and flagellation or development. It should be remarked that many of the V. parahaemolyticus che genes located in the flagellar clusters (Table 2) were discovered by mutant analysis; i.e., these genes produce defects in chemotaxis when mutated. The V. cholerae genome, as well as those of Pseudomonas species, indicates additional complexity with respect to a multiplicity of potential che genes.
MotX and MotY proteins are the unique components of sodium-type flagellar systems, and their specific roles are not known. Loss of function of either motX or motY produces a paralyzed mutant completely defective for swimming but competent for flagellar assembly (123, 124, 141). Both proteins possess single membrane-spanning domains. The C terminus of MotY contains an extended domain that shows striking homology to a number of outer membrane proteins know to interact with peptidoglycan, e.g., OmpA and peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins (124). The simplest hypothesis for the role of MotY is that the polar flagellar motor possesses two elements for anchoring the force generator. Perhaps extremely precise alignment of the stator with the rotor is required for a motor that spins as fast as 100,000 rpm. The role of MotX remains mysterious. It is known that MotX recruits MotY to the membrane when the proteins are coexpressed in E. coli (123). Furthermore, overexpression of MotX is lethal to E. coli in proportion to the external Na+ concentration, and lethality can be reversed by the presence of the sodium channel blocker amiloride. This suggests that the proteins may somehow participate in or modulate Na+ translocation. For example, MotX could act to modify or specify ion channel activity. Thus, it may be that all four proteins comprise and specify the sodium-type torque-generating unit. However, there is no existing evidence that places MotX and MotY in the physical context of MotA and MotB. It is possible that MotX and MotY may play a more distinct role in the generation of sodium-driven motility; e.g., they could participate in some other aspect of the sodium cycle.
The genomes of V. cholerae and P aeruginosa are tantalizing with respect to chemotaxis, for they suggest additional complexity over that of E. coli due to a multiplicity of che-like genes. For example, five cheY-like genes can be identified in V. cholerae.
Flagella, which act as semirigid helical propellers, provide bacteria with a highly efficient means of locomotion. For example, many Vibrio and Pseudomonas species swim in liquid environments at speeds as fast as 60 �m/s (10, 11, 64, 189). The propellers are powered by reversible rotary motors embedded in the cell membrane, which can turn the flagellum at rates as high as 1,700 revolutions per s (rps) (115). Energy for rotation of the motor is derived from either the sodium or proton membrane potential (72, 117). The number and arrangement of the propellers can vary, but the mode of insertion is of two major types, i.e., polar or peritrichous. Flagella play other roles in addition to swimming in liquid (reviewed in reference 132). They can enable bacteria to move over and colonize surfaces, a process called swarming (63). They also participate in adhesion. Attachment of bacteria to surfaces is often first mediated by contact of the flagellum with the surface (127). As propulsive organelles, flagella seems to aid in overcoming negative electrostatic interactions and thus are believed to play a key role in the initial steps of adsorption of bacteria to surfaces, biofilm formation, and invasion of hosts (30, 39, 154). Studies using Vibrio alginolyticus have demonstrated that attachment to glass is directly proportional to swimming speed (90). Other studies have shown that by disabling the flagellar motor of the fish pathogen V. anguillarum, invasion into the fish host is severely reduced (142). In addition, some flagella are sheathed by a membrane that appears to be an extension of the outer cell membrane. The composition of this sheath (specifically, lipopolysaccharide and protein) may allow additional specific interactions between the bacterium and a surface (77, 163, 164).
F. A. Janssens Laboratory of Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.
Many bacterial species are motile by means of flagella. The structure and implantation of flagella seems related to the specific environments the cells live in. In some cases, the bacteria even adapt their flagellation pattern in response to the environmental conditions they encounter. Swarming cell differentiation is a remarkable example of this phenomenon. Flagella seem to have more functions than providing motility alone. For many pathogenic species, studies have been performed on the contribution of flagella to the virulence, but the result is not clear in all cases. Flagella are generally accepted as being important virulence factors, and expression and repression of flagellation and virulence have in several cases been shown to be linked. Providing motility is always an important feature of flagella of pathogenic bacteria, but adhesive and other properties also have been attributed to these flagella. In nonpathogenic bacterial colonization, flagella are important locomotive and adhesive organelles as well. In several cases where competition between several bacterial species exists, motility by means of flagella is shown to provide a specific advantage for a bacterium. This review gives an overview of studies that have been performed on the significance of flagellation in a wide variety of processes where flagellated bacteria are involved.
133. Motaleb, M. A., L. Corum, J. L. Bono, A. F. Elias, P. Rosa, D. S. Samuels, and N. W. Charon. 2000. Borrelia burgdorferi periplasmic flagella have both skeletal and motility functions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:10899-10904 Abstract/Free Full Text.
Department of Botany, University of Bristol, England.
The gas vesicle is a hollow structure made of protein. It usually has the form of a cylindrical tube closed by conical end caps. Gas vesicles occur in five phyla of the Bacteria and two groups of the Archaea, but they are mostly restricted to planktonic microorganisms, in which they provide buoyancy. By regulating their relative gas vesicle content aquatic microbes are able to perform vertical migrations. In slowly growing organisms such movements are made more efficiently than by swimming with flagella. The gas vesicle is impermeable to liquid water, but it is highly permeable to gases and is normally filled with air. It is a rigid structure of low compressibility, but it collapses flat under a certain critical pressure and buoyancy is then lost. Gas vesicles in different organisms vary in width, from 45 to > 200 nm; in accordance with engineering principles the narrower ones are stronger (have higher critical pressures) than wide ones, but they contain less gas space per wall volume and are therefore less efficient at providing buoyancy. A survey of gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria reveals that there has been natural selection for gas vesicles of the maximum width permitted by the pressure encountered in the natural environment, which is mainly determined by cell turgor pressure and water depth. Gas vesicle width is genetically determined, perhaps through the amino acid sequence of one of the constituent proteins. Up to 14 genes have been implicated in gas vesicle production, but so far the products of only two have been shown to be present in the gas vesicle: GvpA makes the ribs that form the structure, and GvpC binds to the outside of the ribs and stiffens the structure against collapse. The evolution of the gas vesicle is discussed in relation to the homologies of these proteins.

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Στην ELPEN είμαστε πολύ περήφανοι για το γεγονός ότι βασικά στελέχη μας διατηρούν ενεργό σχέση με την έρευνα, δημοσιεύοντας σε αξιόπιστα επιστημονικά περιοδικά, σε συνεργασία με ερευνητές από άλλες ιατρικές ειδικότητες και επιστήμες σε κλινικούς τομείς όπως : χειρουργικός και παθολογικός τομέας καθώς και στο τομέα της ιατρικής εκπαίδευσης.
Intermittent Ischemic Preconditioning Protects Against Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Extensive Hepatectomy in Steatotic Rat Liver.
Sikalias N, Karatzas T, Alexiou K, Mountzalia L, Demonakou M, Kostakis ID, Zacharioudaki A, Papalois A, Kouraklis G.
J Invest Surg. 2017 Jun 23:1-12.
Efficacy of intramuscular moxifloxacin in the treatment of experimental osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Soranoglou V, Galanopoulos I, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Papalois A, Giannitsioti E, Poultsides LA, Choreftaki T, Kanellakopoulou K.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation following Partial Hepatectomy: A New Concept to Promote Liver Regeneration-Systematic Review of the Literature Focused on Experimental Studies in Rodent Models.
Papanikolaou IG, Katselis C, Apostolou K, Feretis T, Lymperi M, Konstadoulakis MM, Papalois AE, Zografos GC.
Comparison of the acute hematopoietic capacities of erythropoietin and U-74389G concerning hematocrit levels.
Tsompos C, Panoulis C, Toutouzas K, Triantafyllou A, Zografos G, Papalois A.
Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 2017 Jan 31.
Extended hepatectomy using the bipolar tissue sealer: an experimental model of small-for-size syndrome in pigs.
Athanasiou A, Kontos M, Pikoulis E, Griniatsos J, Papalois A, Spartalis E, Moris D, Felekouras E, Liakakos T.
The beneficial role of simultaneous splenectomy after extended hepatectomy: experimental study in pigs.
Athanasiou A, Papalois A, Kontos M, Griniatsos J, Liakopoulos D, Spartalis E, Agrogiannis G, Liakakos T, Pikoulis E.
J Surg Res. 2017 Feb;208:121-131.
Lazaroid U-74389G for cardioplegia-related ischemia-reperfusion injury: an experimental study.
Dedeilias P, Papalois A, Angelidis C, Giannopoulos G, Deftereos S, Chorti M, Apostolakis E, Kostopanagiotou G.
J Surg Res. 2017 Jan;207:164-173.
The effect of erythropoietin on uterus inflammation during ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.
Open versus Thoracoscopic RFA-Assisted Lung Resection.
Poupalou A, Kontos M, Felekouras E, Papalois A, Kavantzas N, Agrogiannis G, Yagoubi F, Tomos P.
J Invest Surg. 2016 Nov 22:1-7.
N-Acetylcysteine and Desferoxamine Reduce Pulmonary Oxidative Stress Caused by Hemorrhagic Shock in a Porcine Model.
Mani A, Staikou C, Karmaniolou I, Orfanos N, Mylonas A, Nomikos T, Pafiti A, Papalois A, Arkadopoulos N, Smyrniotis V, Theodoraki K.
The TNBS-induced colitis animal model: An overview.
Antoniou E, Margonis GA, Angelou A, Pikouli A, Argiri P, Karavokyros I, Papalois A, Pikoulis E.
Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2016 Aug 19;11:9-15.
Corrigendum to "Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Regeneration of Vocal Folds: A Study on a Chronic Vocal Fold Scar".
Angelou V, Kalodimou V, Messini I, Psychalakis N, Karampela E, Papalois A.
The Effect of the Antioxidant Drug "U-74389G" on Creatinine Levels during Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats.
Tsompos C, Panoulis C, Toutouzas K, Zografos G, Papalois A.
Kaparelos D, Moris D, Kontos M, Papalampros A, Petrou A, Tsigris C, Pikoulis E, Kavantzas N, Papalois A, Felekouras E.
The Acute Effect of the Antioxidant Drug U-74389G on Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Levels During Hypoxia Reoxygenation Injury in Rats.
Peritoneal Albumin Dialysis as a Novel Approach for Liver Support: Study in a Porcine Model of Acute Hepatic Failure.
Defterevos G, Nastos C, Papalois A, Kalimeris K, Margelos V, Fragulidis G, Pafiti A, Mikrovas A, Nomikos T, Smyrniotis V, Arkadopoulos N.
The effects of antioxidants on a porcine model of liver hemorrhage.
Orfanos NF, Mylonas AI, Karmaniolou II, Stergiou IP, Lolis ED, Dimas C, Papalois AE, Kondi-Pafiti AI, Smyrniotis VE, Arkadopoulos NF.
Markakis C, Tsaroucha A, Papalois AE, Lambropoulou M, Spartalis E, Tsigalou C, Romanidis K, Simopoulos C.
The Use of Vascularized Fascia as Carrier in Cases of Prelaminated Fasciocartilaginous and Osseofascial Flaps.
Tsagarakis M, Spyropoulou GA, Lykoudis E, Papalois A, Tsimponis A, Fragia C, Iconomou T, Papadopoulos O.
Bioartificial liver attenuates intestinal mucosa injury and gut barrier dysfunction after major hepatectomy: Study in a porcine model.
Nastos C, Kalimeris K, Papoutsidakis N, Defterevos G, Pafiti A, Kalogeropoulou E, Zerva L, Nomikos T, Papalois A, Kostopanagiotou G, Smyrniotis V, Arkadopoulos N.
Preliminary Results of the Influence of Duodenojejunal Bypass in a Porcine Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus.
Hiridis S, Konstantinidis K, Menenakos E, Diamantis T, Papalois A, Zografos G.
Antioxidant 21-aminosteroid "U-74389G" ameliorates the short-time effect of hypoxia-reoxygenation on the platelet count in rats.
[The Effect of the Antioxidant Drug U-74389G on Magnesium Levels During Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury in Rats].
Solid Organ Cool-tip Radiofrequency Ablation: An Experimental Study with Clinicopathological Correlations.
Kontos M, Drakos E, Papalois A, Petrou A, Pikoulis E, Felekouras E.
Single-Incision Laparoscopic Right Hemi-Colectomy: a Systematic Review.
Apostolou KG, Orfanos SV, Papalois AE, Felekouras ES, Zografos GC, Liakakos T.
Indian J Surg. 2015 Aug;77(4):301-12.
Role of Stem Cells Transplantation in Tissue Regeneration After Acute or Chronic Acetaminophen Induced Liver Injury.
Katselis C, Apostolou K, Feretis T, Papanikolaou IG, Zografos GC, Toutouzas K, Papalois A.
Apigenin Attenuates Inflammation in Experimentally Induced Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Lung Injury.
Basios N, Lampropoulos P, Papalois A, Lambropoulou M, Pitiakoudis MK, Kotini A, Simopoulos C, Tsaroucha AK.
Interleukin 18 binding protein ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion-induced hepatic injury in mice.
Ouzounidis N, Giakoustidis A, Poutahidis T, Angelopoulou K, Iliadis S, Chatzigiagkos A, Zacharioudaki A, Angelopoulos S, Papalois A, Papanikolaou V, Giakoustidis D.
Expression of Inflammatory and Regenerative Genes in a Model of Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion and Partial Hepatectomy.
Athanasopoulos P, Mastoraki A, Papalois A, Nastos C, Kondi-Pafiti A, Kostopanagiotou G, Smyrniotis V, Arkadopoulos N.
Effects of U-74389G (21-Lazaroid) and Ascorbic Acid on Liver Recovery After Acute Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats.
Bonatsos V, Kappas I, Birbas K, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Toutouzas K, Karampela E, Syrmos N, Bonatsos G, Papalois AE.
Dietary glycotoxins induce RAGE and VEGF up-regulation in the retina of normal rats.
Kandarakis SA, Piperi C, Moschonas DP, Korkolopoulou P, Papalois A, Papavassiliou AG.
Geranios A, Pikoulis E, Papalois A, Kontos M, Agrogiannis G, Petrou A, Pavlakis E, Felekouras E.
Neuronal tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β expression in a porcine model of intracerebral haemorrhage: Modulation by U-74389G.
Bimpis A, Papalois A, Voumvourakis K, Oláh O, Tiszlavicz L, Liapi C.
Lazaroid U-74389G Administration in Pancreatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Swine Model Encompassing Ischemic Preconditioning.
Chrysikos DT, Sergentanis TN, Zagouri F, Psaltopoulou T, Theodoropoulos G, Flessas I, Agrogiannis G, Alexakis N, Lymperi M, Katsarou AI, Patsouris ES, Zografos CG, Papalois AE.
The effects of hemorrhagic shock secondary to hepatectomy in a swine model.
Mylonas AI, Orfanos NF, Karmaniolou II, Lolis ED, Stergiou EP, Papalois AE, Nomikos TN, Kondi-Pafiti AI, Smyrniotis VE, Arkadopoulos NF.
Effects of lazaroid U-74389G on intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in porcine experimental model.
Flessas I, Bramis I, Menenakos E, Toutouzas K, Agrogiannis G, Patsouris E, Nonni A, Chrysikos D, Korontzi M, Gioxari A, Zografos G, Papalois A.
Effectiveness of sildenafil and U-74389G in a rat model of colitis.
Margonis GA, Christoloukas N, Antoniou E, Arkadopoulos N, Theodoropoulos G, Agrogiannis G, Pikoulis E, Patsouris ES, Zografos GC, Papalois AE.
Hemiepiphysiodeses for guided growth in children.
Dovris D, Mavrogenis AF, Christogiannis I, Nomikos G, Papaparaskeva K, Koulalis D, Papalois A, Karameris A, Babis GC.
Fascia lata allograft bridging of a rotator cuff tear in a rabbit animal model.
Varvitsiotis D, Papaspiliopoulos A, Vlachou V, Feroussis J, Papalois A, Papacharalampous X, Soucacos PN, Zoubos A.
The effect of the antioxidant drug "U-74389G" on oophoritis during ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.
Τsompos C, Panoulis C, Tοutouzas K, Zografos G, Papalois A.
Effect of infliximab on the healing of intestinal anastomosis. An experimental study in rats.
Papaconstantinou I, Zeglinas C, Gazouli M, Nastos K, Yiallourou A, Lykoudis P, Evangelou K, Papalois A, Papaioannou M, Vlachogiannakos J, Tzathas C.
The effect of erythropoietin on serum uric acid levels during renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.
Perihaematomal cytokine expression is a crucial component of intracerebral haemorrhage pathophysiology.
Zarros A, Bimpis A, Papalois A, Baillie GS.
Mycophenolate mofetil and sirolimus in hepatocyte transplantation in an experimental model of toxic acute liver failure.
Loukopoulos I, Sfiniadakis I, Pillai A, Konstantoulakis M, Androulakis G, Bonatsos V, Zografos G, Papalois A.
Development of an animal model of fibrous cholangitis in pigs.
Lainakis NG, Papalois A, Agrogiannis G, Antonopoulos CN, Michail P, Bastounis E, Patsouris E, Felekouras E.
Does tissue ischemia actually contribute to leak after sleeve gastrectomy? An experimental study.
Natoudi M, Theodorou D, Papalois A, Drymousis P, Alevizos L, Katsaragakis S, Zografos G, Leandros E, Menenakos E.
The effect of U-74389G on pancreas ischemia-reperfusion injury in a swine model.
Chrysikos DT, Sergentanis TN, Zagouri F, Psaltopoulou T, Flessas I, Agrogiannis G, Alexakis N, Bramis I, Patsouri EE, Patsouris ES, Korontzi M, Katsarou A, Zografos GC, Papalois AE.
A novel liver parenchyma transection technique using locking straight rigid ties. An experimental study in pigs.
Vrochides D, Kardassis D, Ntinas A, Miliaras D, Papalois A, Magnissalis E, Metrakos P.
J Invest Surg. 2014 Apr;27(2):106-13.
Modulation of crucial adenosinetriphosphatase activities due to U-74389G administration in a porcine model of intracerebral hemorrhage.
Bimpis A, Papalois A, Tsakiris S, Kalafatakis K, Zarros A, Gkanti V, Skandali N, Al-Humadi H, Kouzelis C, Liapi C.
The role of apigenin in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis.
Lampropoulos P, Lambropoulou M, Papalois A, Basios N, Manousi M, Simopoulos C, Tsaroucha AK.
The efficacy of recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC) vs antithrombin III (at III) vs heparin, in the healing process of partial-thickness burns: a comparative study.
Kritikos O, Tsagarakis M, Tsoutsos D, Kittas C, Gorgoulis V, Papalois A, Giannopoulos A, Kakiopoulos G, Papadopoulos O.
Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2012 Jun 30;25(2):66-73.
Single-stitch telescopic bilioenterostomy in an animal model.
Vrochides D, Ntinas A, Kardassis D, Miliaras D, Metrakos P, Papalois A.
J Invest Surg. 2012 Oct;25(5):317-25.
Improvement of a long random skin flap survival by application of vascular endothelial growth factor in various ways of local administration in a rat model.
Structural and mechanical integrity of tendon-to-tendon attachments used in upper limb tendon transfer surgery.
Tsiampa VA, Ignatiadis I, Papalois A, Givissis P, Christodoulou A, Fridén J.
Porcine model of hemorrhagic shock with microdialysis monitoring.
Larentzakis A, Toutouzas KG, Papalois A, Lapidakis G, Doulgerakis S, Doulami G, Drimousis P, Theodorou D, Katsaragakis S.
Activation of acetylcholinesterase after U-74389G administration in a porcine model of intracerebral hemorrhage.
Bimpis A, Papalois A, Tsakiris S, Zarros A, Kalafatakis K, Botis J, Stolakis V, Zissis KM, Liapi C.
Metab Brain Dis. 2012 Jun;27(2):221-5.
VEGF application on rat skin flap survival.
Oxidative and pre-inflammatory stress in wedge resection of pulmonary parenchyma using the radiofrequency ablation technique in a swine model.
Karaiskos T, Tomos P, Asouhidou I, Nikiteas N, Kontakiotis T, Papalois A.
Treatment with simvastatin inhibits the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysms in rabbits.
Mastoraki ST, Toumpoulis IK, Anagnostopoulos CE, Tiniakos D, Papalois A, Chamogeorgakis TP, Angouras DC, Rokkas CK.
Acute pressure overload of the right ventricle. Comparison of two models of right-left shunt. Pulmonary artery to left atrium and right atrium to left atrium: experimental study.
Argiriou M, Mikroulis D, Sakellaridis T, Didilis V, Papalois A, Bougioukas G.
Nerve growth factor combined with an epineural conduit for bridging a short nerve gap (10 mm). A study in rabbits.
Barmpitsioti A, Konofaos P, Ignatiadis I, Papalois A, Zoubos AB, Soucacos PN.
Changes of blood biochemistry in the rabbit animal model in atherosclerosis research; a time- or stress-effect.
Dontas IA, Marinou KA, Iliopoulos D, Tsantila N, Agrogiannis G, Papalois A, Karatzas T.
Development of a porcine model of post-hepatectomy liver failure.
Arkadopoulos N, Defterevos G, Nastos C, Papalois A, Kalimeris K, Papoutsidakis N, Kampouroglou G, Kypriotis D, Pafiti A, Kostopanagiotou G, Smyrniotis V.
Changes in arterial blood flow of free flaps after the administration of sildenafil in swine.
Gravvanis A, Papalois A, Delikonstantinou I, Pentilas N, Zogogiannis I, Tsoutsos D, Karakitsos D.
Effects of intraperitoneal albumin on systemic and cerebral hemodynamics in a swine model of acute liver failure.
Tympa A, Nastos C, Defterevos G, Papalois A, Kalimeris K, Kostopanagiotou G, Vassiliou I, Smyrniotis V, Arkadopoulos N.
Can the use of hyaluronidase reduce capsule formation?
Spyropoulou GA, Papalois A, Batistatou A, Doukas M, Tsoutsos D.
A systematic approach to the failed plastic surgical reconstruction of the diabetic foot.
Ignatiadis II, Tsiampa VA, Papalois AE.
The use of Papineau technique for the treatment of diabetic and non-diabetic lower extremity pseudoarthrosis and chronic osteomyelitis.
Polyzois VD, Galanakos SP, Tsiampa VA, Papakostas ID, Kouris NK, Avram AM, Papalois AE, Ignatiadis IA.
Distal posterior tibial artery perforator flaps for the management of calcaneal and Achilles tendon injuries in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
Ignatiadis IA, Georgakopoulos GD, Tsiampa VA, Polyzois VD, Arapoglou DK, Papalois AE.
Effects of lazaroids on intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in experimental models.
Flessas II, Papalois AE, Toutouzas K, Zagouri F, Zografos GC.
Interposition of a reversed jejunal segment enhances intestinal adaptation in short bowel syndrome: an experimental study on pigs.
Digalakis M, Papamichail M, Glava C, Grammatoglou X, Sergentanis TN, Papalois A, Bramis J.
The effect of local use of nandrolone decanoate on rotator cuff repair in rabbits.
Papaspiliopoulos A, Papaparaskeva K, Papadopoulou E, Feroussis J, Papalois A, Zoubos A.
Differential effect of Pistacia vera extracts on experimental atherosclerosis in the rabbit animal model: an experimental study.
Marinou KA, Georgopoulou K, Agrogiannis G, Karatzas T, Iliopoulos D, Papalois A, Chatziioannou A, Magiatis P, Halabalaki M, Tsantila N, Skaltsounis LA, Patsouris E, Dontas IA.
Reversal of experimental posthepatectomy liver failure in pigs: a new application of hepatocyte bioreactors.
Arkadopoulos N, Kostopanagiotou G, Nastos C, Papalois A, Papoutsidakis N, Kalimeris K, Defterevos G, Kanna T, Polyzois K, Kampouroglou G, Kypriotis D, Costopanagiotou C, Pafiti A, Tzanatos H, Smyrniotis V.
Eicosapentanoic acid prolongs survival and attenuates inflammatory response in an experimental model of lethal trauma.
Koutsostathis S, Tsaganos T, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Kotsaki A, Papalois A, Efstathopoulos N.
Xenotransplantation of hepatocytes in rats with acute liver failure using sirolimus for immunosuppression.
Lytras D, Papalois A, Tsaroucha AK, Papagoras D, Kyriazanos J, Lambropoulou M, Giannakou N, Galanos A, Simopoulos CE.
J Int Med Res. 2010 Mar-Apr;38(2):546-57.
The retrograde limb of the internal mammary vein in the swine model: a sufficient outflow option in free tissue transfer.
Gravvanis A, Tsoutsos D, Papalois A, Karabinis A, Dimitriou V, Karakitsos D.
Treatment with bioartificial liver improves lung injury in a swine model of partial hepatectomy and ischemia/reperfusion.
Arkadopoulos N, Kalimeris K, Papalois A, Nastos C, Papoutsidakis N, Defterevos G, Zarkadis IK, Mikrou A, Pafiti A, Andreadou I, Kostopanagiotou G, Smyrniotis V.
Int J Artif Organs. 2010 Feb;33(2):105-13.
Chissas D, Stamatopoulos G, Verettas D, Kazakos K, Papalois A, Agrogiannis G, Papaeliou A, Agapitos E, Balanika A, Papadopoulou E, Anastopoulos G, Ntagiopoulos PG, Asimakopoulos A.
Preservation of venous outflow improves transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap survival following vascular delay.
Tsoutsos D, Gravvanis A, Kakagia D, Ghali S, Papalois A.
Influence of intranasal sterile isotonic sea water applications on xylometazoline administration: an experimental study in pigs.
Nikolaidis E, Eleftheriadou A, Yiotakis I, Lazaris AC, Agrogianis G, Ferekidou E, Keramaris N, Papalois A, Kandiloros D.
Video-assisted lung resection using radiofrequency ablation in a porcine model.
Tomos P, Felekouras E, Poupalou A, Kontos M, Pappa P, Kavatzas N, Pavlopoulos D, Kostakis A, Papalois A, Tsigris C.
Comparison of safety and efficacy of ultrasonic and bipolar thermal energy: an experimental study.
Diamantis T, Gialikaris S, Kontos M, Gakiopoulou C, Felekouras E, Papalois A, Agrogiannis G, Patsouris E, Bastounis E.
The effect of nifedipine on the patency of microvascular anastomosis in rats.
Panagiotopoulos KE, Koutsouris M, Panagiotopoulos E, Antonopoulos D, Panagiotopoulos V, Papalois A, Kepenekidis A.
The effects of vasopressors on perfusion of gastric graft after esophagectomy. An experimental study.
Theodorou D, Drimousis PG, Larentzakis A, Papalois A, Toutouzas KG, Katsaragakis S.
The effect of negative pressure therapy on the femoral vein blood flow and wall structure.
Lioupis C, Kotsis T, Barbatis C, Seretis E, Nomikos A, Volondakis-Baltatzis I, Papalois A, Andrikopoulos V, Leaper D.
The effect of U-74389G on liver recovery after acute liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in a swine model.
Tsaroucha AK, Papalois A, Vernadakis S, Adamopoulos S, Papadopoulos K, Lambropoulou M, Constadinidis T, Kyriazi A, Papadopoulos N, Simopoulos C.
The beneficial effect of genetically engineered Schwann cells with enhanced motility in peripheral nerve regeneration: review.
Gravvanis AI, Lavdas AA, Papalois A, Tsoutsos DA, Matsas R.
New pure motor nerve experimental model for the comparative study between end-to-end and end-to-side neurorrhaphy in free muscle flap neurotization.
Spyropoulou GA, Lykoudis EG, Batistatou A, Papalois AE, Tagaris G, Pikoulis E, Bastounis E, Papadopoulos O.
ACL reconstruction with semitendinosus tendon autograft without detachment of its tibial insertion: a histologic study in a rabbit model.
Papachristou G, Nikolaou V, Efstathopoulos N, Sourlas J, Lazarettos J, Frangia K, Papalois A.
Endoscopic transgastric procedures in anesthetized pigs: technical challenges, complications, and survival.
The prophylactic effect of L-arginine in acute ischaemic colitis in a rat model of ischaemia/reperfusion injury.
Fotiadis C, Adamis S, Misiakos EP, Genetzakis M, Antonakis PT, Tsekouras DK, Gorgoulis VG, Zografos GC, Papalois A, Fotinou M, Perrea D.
Acta Chir Belg. 2007 Mar-Apr;107(2):192-200.
The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on secondary skin wound healing: an experimental study.
Athanasiou A, Karkambounas S, Batistatou A, Lykoudis E, Katsaraki A, Kartsiouni T, Papalois A, Evangelou A.
Beneficial effect of an antibody against interleukin-2 receptor (daclizumab) in an experimental model of hepatocyte xenotransplantation.
Papagoras D, Papalois A, Tsaroucha A, Lytras D, Kyriazanos J, Giannakou N, Laftsidis P, Simopoulos C.
World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Mar 7;13(9):1435-7.
[Allogenic islet transplantation on the rat liver after allogenic nonparenchymal cells injection in the thymus].
Chaib E, Papalois A, Brons IG, Calne RY.
Implants of type I collagen gel containing MG-63 osteoblast-like cells can act as stable scaffolds stimulating the bone healing process at the sites of the surgically-produced segmental diaphyseal defects in male rabbits.
Themistocleous GS, Katopodis HA, Khaldi L, Papalois A, Doillon C, Sourla A, Soucacos PN, Koutsilieris M.
Static indentation test for neocartilage surface hardness in repair of periosteal articular cartilage defects.
Darmanis S, Papanikolaou A, Papalois A, Apergis E, Verettas D, Kazakos K.
Acta Orthop Belg. 2006 Oct;72(5):621-32.
The effectiveness of an extracellular low-potassium solution in 24-hour lung graft preservation.
Dedeilias P, Koletsis E, Apostolakis E, Chorti M, Sfyra B, Papalois A, Bellenis I, Bolos K.
Med Sci Monit. 2006 Nov;12(11):BR355-61.
Comparison of monopolar electrocoagulation, bipolar electrocoagulation, Ultracision, and Ligasure.
Diamantis T, Kontos M, Arvelakis A, Syroukis S, Koronarchis D, Papalois A, Agapitos E, Bastounis E, Lazaris AC.
Early apoptosis of monocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory response and of bacterial translocation in an experimental model of multiple trauma.
Efstathopoulos N, Tsaganos T, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Kaldis P, Nicolaou V, Papalois A, Koutoukas P, Papachristou G, Giamarellou H.
Clin Exp Immunol. 2006 Jul;145(1):139-46.
[Transanal endorectal pull-through with or without laparoscopic assistance? Development of an experimental model].
Papandreou E, Baltogiannis N, Cigliano B, Charissi V, Tilemis S, Papalois A, Nikolaou S, Keramidas D.
A novel spleen-preserving laparoscopic technique using radiofrequency ablation in a porcine model.
Pikoulis E, Felekouras E, Papaconstantinou I, Kontos M, Prassas E, Griniatsos I, Bacoyiannis C, Pappa P, Papalois A, Tsigris C, Giannopoulos A, Papalambros E, Bramis J, Bastounis E.
Laparoscopic liver resection using radio frequency ablation in a porcine model.
Felekouras E, Papaconstantinou I, Pikoulis E, Kontos M, Georgopoulos S, Papalois A, Diamantis T, Bramis J, Papalambros E, Bastounis E.
Effect of genetically modified Schwann cells with increased motility in end-to-side nerve grafting.
Gravvanis AI, Lavdas A, Papalois AE, Franceschini I, Tsoutsos DA, Dubois-Dalcq M, Matsas R, Ioannovich JD.
[Alogenic islet transplantation on the rat liver after alogenic dendritic cells injection in the thymus].
Experimental isolation and transplantation of hepatocytes with the use of antibody against interleukin-2 receptor (daclizumab) as immunosuppressive agent.
Tsiolis I, Papalois A, Loukopoulos I, Gravvanis A, Lykoudis E, Theodossopoulou E, Chairakakis A, Dimitroulopoulos D, Sfiniadakis I, Vassiliou I, Felekouras E, Dedeilias P, Kontogiorgi M, Papadimitriou L, Papadimitriou I.
Effects of mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclosporine administration on graft survival and function after islet allotransplantation in diabetic rats.
Fotiadis C, Xekouki P, Papalois AE, Antonakis PT, Sfiniadakis I, Flogeras D, Karampela E, Zografos G.
World J Gastroenterol. 2005 May 14;11(18):2733-8.
N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids confer hemodynamic stability in an experimental model of multiple trauma.
Efstathopoulos N, Bathrellos E, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Lazarettos J, Papalois A, Grecka P, Nikolaou V.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2005 May;72(5):357-62.
Radio-frequency tissue ablation in liver trauma: an experimental study.
Felekouras E, Kontos M, Pissanou T, Drakos E, Pikoulis E, Papalois A, Bramis J, Diamantis T, Georgopoulos S, Nikolaos N, Sigala F, Papalambros E, Pappas P, Bastounis E.
Radiofrequency tissue ablation in an experimental model of grade IV renal trauma: a preliminary report.
Kontos M, Felekouras E, Drakos E, Pikoulis E, Mitropoulos D, Staikou C, Hatzianastasiou D, Sigala F, Papalois A, Papalambros E, Bastounis E.
Beneficial effect of nerve growth factor-7S on peripheral nerve regeneration through inside-out vein grafts: an experimental study.
Gravvanis AI, Tsoutsos DA, Tagaris GA, Papalois AE, Patralexis CG, Iconomou TG, Panayotou PN, Ioannovich JD.
Use of mycophenolate mofetil in the experimental allo-transplantation of hepatocytes in rats with fulminant hepatic failure.
Kontalexis S, Papalois A, Bibidakis E, Gravvanis A, Lykoudis E, Theodossopoulou E, Dimitroulopoulos D, Sfiniadakis I, Prachalias A, Felekouras E, Dedeilias P, Kontogiorgi M, Papadimitriou L, Papadimitriou I.
A bioresorbable calcium phosphate delivery system with teicoplanin for treating MRSA osteomyelitis.
Lazarettos J, Efstathopoulos N, Papagelopoulos PJ, Savvidou OD, Kanellakopoulou K, Giamarellou H, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Nikolaou V, Kapranou A, Papalois A, Papachristou G.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004 Jun;(423):253-8.
A novel antioxidant non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent protects rat liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Leventis I, Andreadou I, Papalois A, Sfiniadakis I, Gorgoulis VG, Korkolis DP, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Kourounakis PN, Fotiadis C.
Effect of U-74389G (21-lazaroid) on intestinal recovery after acute mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion in rats.
Andreadou I, Poussios D, Papalois A, Gavalakis N, Aroni K, Gazouli M, Gorgoulis VG, Fotiadis C.
Microvascular repair following crush-avulsion type injury with vein grafts: effect of direct inhibitors of thrombin on patency rate.
Gravvanis AI, Tsoutsos DA, Lykoudis EG, Iconomou TG, Tzivaridou DV, Papalois AE, Patralexis CG, Ioannovich JD.
Protective effect of a novel antioxidant non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (compound IA) on intestinal viability after acute mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion.
Poussios D, Andreadou I, Papalois A, Rekka E, Gavalakis N, Aroni K, Kourounakis PN, Fotiadis C, Sechas MN.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Apr 4;465(3):275-80.
In vivo test of two low doses of mycophenolate mofetil in an experimental model of islet allotransplantation.
Xekouki P, Papalois A, Fotiadis C, Sfiniadakis J, Karampela E, Papadopoulou A, Grigoriou T, Sechas MN.
Microsurgical repair after crush-avulsion injury of the femoral vein in rats: prevention of microvascular thrombosis with recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA).
Lykoudis EG, Contodimos GB, Tsoutsos DA, Frangia KB, Papalois AE, Stamatopoulos CN, Ioannovich JD.
Transplantation of cultured allogeneic hepatocytes without immunosuppression.
Fotiadis C, Pilichos H, Preza A, Papalois A, Demonakou M, Perrea D, Xekouki P, Poussios D, Karampela E, Papadopoulou A, Grigoriou T, Karayannakos P, Sechas M.
Use of an isolated pancreatic graft (ex vivo) of swine as model for drug studies.
Papalois A, Smyrniotis V, Papadimitriou L, Syriou V, Konstantellou E, Tsaroucha A, Doufas AG, Lykoudis E, Karampela E, Grigoriou T, Manoli E, Papadimitriou J, Tolis G.
Microvascular repair with 1-mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts: effect of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on the patency rate and healing process.
Lykoudis EG, Papalois AE, Gravvanis AI, Frangia KB, Stamatopoulos CN, Ioannovich JD.
[Isogenic islet transplantation on the rat liver (method for isolation and purification of the Langerhans islets)].
Prefabrication of an axial bio-synthetic flap for circumferential tracheal defect reconstruction.
Lykoudis EG, Tsoutsos DA, Papalois AE, Frangia KB, Stamatopoulos CN, Ioannovich JD.
Br J Plast Surg. 2000 Sep;53(6):508-15.
Microvascular repair following a modified crush-avulsion injury in a rat model: effect of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator on the patency rate.
Lykoudis EG, Panayotou PN, Stamatopoulos CN, Frangia KB, Papalois AE, Ioannovich JD.
The role of triple immunosuppressive treatment in the successful implantation of islet grafts.
Papalois A, Nikolaou A, Nikolaou C, Papalois B, Tountas C, Karamanos V, Lykoudis E, Davaris P, Pataryas T, Smyrniotis V, Papadimitriou L, Golematis B.
Isolated pancreatic graft of swine: development of a model for drug studies.
Papalois A, Smyrniotis V, Papadimitriou L, Kostopanagiotou G, Vassiliou P, Loukakos P, Lykoudis E, Demonakou M, Pyrsopoulos N, Vagena M, Syriou V, Papadimitriou J, Tolis G.
Development of a laparoscopic approach for islet transplantation.
Papalois A, Bonatsos G, Birbas C, Toutouzas K, Golematis B.
Induction of anaesthesia with remifentanil after bolus midazolam administration in Landrace/Large White swine.
Zacharioudaki A, Lelovas P, Sergentanis TN, Karlis G, Hansen AK, Papalois A, Xanthos T.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2017 Apr 17.
Host's Endogenous Caveolin-1 Expression is Downregulated in the Lung During Sepsis to Promote Cytoprotection.
Kataki A1, Karagiannidis I, Memos N, Koniaris E, Antonakis P, Papalois A, Zografos GC, Konstadoulakis MM.
Centhaquin Effects in a Swine Model of Ventricular Fibrillation: Centhaquin and Cardiac Arrest.
Papalexopoulou K, Chalkias A, Pliatsika P, Papalois A, Papapanagiotou P, Papadopoulos G, Arnaoutoglou E, Petrou A, Gulati A, Xanthos T.
Comparison of two biventricular infarct patterns with respect to the infarct burden required to induce cardiogenic shock: An experimental study.
Koudoumas D, Terrovitis J, Glentis P, Ntalianis A, Tsolakis E, Zannas AS, Tseliou E, Papalois A, Drakos S, Nanas JN.
Hellenic J Cardiol. 2016 Dec 5.
Effect of Erythropoietin on Postresuscitation Renal Function in a Swine Model of Ventricular Fibrillation.
Pantazopoulos C, Iacovidou N, Kouskouni E, Pliatsika P, Papalois A, Kaparos G, Barouxis D, Vasileiou P, Lelovas P, Kotsilianou O, Pantazopoulos I, Gkiokas G, Garosa C, Faa G, Xanthos T.
Heme Oxygenase 1 Up-Regulates Glomerular Decay Accelerating Factor Expression and Minimizes Complement Deposition and Injury.
Detsika MG, Duann P, Atsaves V, Papalois A, Lianos EA.
Am J Pathol. 2016 Nov;186(11):2833-2845.
Screening for colorectal cancer: the role of the primary care physician.
Triantafillidis JK, Vagianos C, Gikas A, Korontzi M, Papalois A.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Jan;29(1):e1-e7.
The effect of antioxidant supplementation on bacterial translocation after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion.
Tassopoulos A, Chalkias A, Papalois A, Iacovidou N, Xanthos T.
Effect of Infliximab and Adalimumab on Experimental Colitis Following Orally Supplemented Iron.
Triantafillidis J, Vagianos C, Agrogiannis G, Gikas A, Douvi G, Syrmos N, Patsouris E, Papalois A.
J Invest Surg. 2017 Feb;30(1):6-12.
Effects of Erythropoietin Administration on Adrenal Glands of Landrace/Large White Pigs after Ventricular Fibrillation.
Faa A, Faa G, Papalois A, Obinu E, Locci G, Pais ME, Lelovas P, Barouxis D, Pantazopoulos C, Vasileiou PV, Iacovidou N, Xanthos T.
Triantafillidis JK, Triantafyllidi A, Vagianos C, Papalois A.
Intralipid™ administration attenuates the hypotensive effects of acute intravenous amiodarone overdose in a swine model.
Xanthos T, Psichalakis N, Russell D, Papalois A, Koutsovasilis A, Athanasopoulos D, Gkiokas G, Chalkias A, Iacovidou N.
Combination of chest compressions and interposed abdominal compressions in a swine model of ventricular fibrillation.
Georgiou M, Papathanassoglou E, Middleton N, Papalois A, Xanthos T.
Presence of an HO-1 expression threshold in renal glomeruli.
Detsika MG, Atsaves V, Papalois A, Lianos EA.
Kolettis TM, La Rocca V, Psychalakis N, Karampela E, Kontonika M, Tourmousoglou C, Baltogiannis GG, Papalois A, Kyriakides ZS.
Kolettis TM, Kontonika M, Barka E, Daskalopoulos EP, Baltogiannis GG, Tourmousoglou C, Papalois A, Kyriakides ZS.
Inhibition of Atherosclerosis Progression, Intimal Hyperplasia, and Oxidative Stress by Simvastatin and Ivabradine May Reduce Thoracic Aorta's Stiffness in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits.
Koniari I, Mavrilas D, Apostolakis E, Papadimitriou E, Papadaki H, Papalois A, Poimenidi E, Xanthopoulou I, Hahalis G, Alexopoulos D.
EXTENDED CYTOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AUTOPHAGY IN THE LATE STAGES OF SEPSIS AND FLUCTUATIONS IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS IN A RAT EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF KIDNEY INJURY.
Karagiannidis I, Kataki A, Glustianou G, Memos N, Papalois A, Alexakis N, Zografos GC, Konstadoulakis MM.
Impact of androgen and dietary advanced glycation end products on female rat liver.
Palioura E, Palimeri S, Piperi C, Sakellariou S, Kandaraki E, Sergentanis T, Levidou G, Agrogiannis G, Papalois A, Korkolopoulou P, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Papavassiliou AG.
Serum lipid profile and inflammatory markers in the aorta of cholesterol-fed rats supplemented with extra virgin olive oil, sunflower oils and oil-products.
Katsarou AI, Kaliora AC, Papalois A, Chiou A, Kalogeropoulos N, Agrogiannis G, Andrikopoulos NK.
Centhaquin improves survival in a swine model of hemorrhagic shock.
Papapanagiotou P, Xanthos T, Gulati A, Chalkias A, Papalois A, Kontouli Z, Alegakis A, Iacovidou N.
A Review of Carbon Dioxide Monitoring During Adult Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.
Pantazopoulos C, Xanthos T, Pantazopoulos I, Papalois A, Kouskouni E, Iacovidou N.
Nifekalant Versus Amiodarone in the Treatment of Cardiac Arrest: an Experimental Study in a Swine Model of Prolonged Ventricular Fibrillation.
Karlis G, Iacovidou N, Lelovas P, Niforopoulou P, Papalois A, Siafaka I, Mentzelopoulos S, Xanthos T.
Properties of myelin altered peptide ligand cyclo(87-99)(Ala91,Ala96)MBP87-99 render it a promising drug lead for immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis.
Deraos G, Rodi M, Kalbacher H, Chatzantoni K, Karagiannis F, Synodinos L, Plotas P, Papalois A, Dimisianos N, Papathanasopoulos P, Gatos D, Tselios T, Apostolopoulos V, Mouzaki A, Matsoukas J.
Angiotensin II inhibitor facilitates epidermal wound regeneration in diabetic mice.
Kamber M, Papalazarou V, Rouni G, Papageorgopoulou E, Papalois A, Kostourou V.
Amelioration of oxidative and inflammatory status in hearts of cholesterol-fed rats supplemented with oils or oil-products with extra virgin olive oil components.
Katsarou AI, Kaliora AC, Chiou A, Kalogeropoulos N, Papalois A, Agrogiannis G, Andrikopoulos NK.
Eur J Nutr. 2016 Apr;55(3):1283-96.
Histopathology of renal asphyxia in newborn piglets: Individual susceptibility to tubular changes.
Gerosa C, Iacovidou N, Argyri I, Fanni D, Papalois A, Aroni F, Faa G, Xanthos T, Fanos V.
Mutational analysis of circulating tumor cells from colorectal cancer patients and correlation with primary tumor tissue.
Lyberopoulou A, Aravantinos G, Efstathopoulos EP, Nikiteas N, Bouziotis P, Isaakidou A, Papalois A, Marinos E, Gazouli M.
Triantafyllidi A, Xanthos T, Papalois A, Triantafillidis JK.
The role of enteral nutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: current aspects.
Triantafillidis JK, Vagianos C, Papalois AE.
Cold snare polypectomy with pull technique of flat colonic polyps up to 12 mm: a porcine model.
Tribonias G, Komeda Y, Voudoukis E, Bassioukas S, Viazis N, Manola ME, Giannikaki E, Papalois A, Paraskeva K, Karamanolis D, Paspatis GA.
Afterload-induced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion.
Diakos NA, Pozios I, Katsaros L, Vakrou S, Sventzouri S, Michelinakis N, Tseliou E, Bonios M, Malliaras K, Papalois A, Anastasiou-Nana M, Terrovitis JV.
Quantum dots-bevacizumab complexes for in vivo imaging of tumors.
Gazouli M, Bouziotis P, Lyberopoulou A, Ikonomopoulos J, Papalois A, Anagnou NP, Efstathopoulos EP.
Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Resuscitation in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Research Model.
Chalkias A, Spyropoulos V, Koutsovasilis A, Papalois A, Kouskouni E, Xanthos T.
Effects of intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation on left ventricular mechanoenergetics in a porcine model of acute ischemic heart failure.
Malliaras K, Charitos E, Diakos N, Pozios I, Papalois A, Terrovitis J, Nanas J.
Tsiachris D, Tsioufis C, Dimitriadis K, Kordalis A, Thomopoulos C, Kasiakogias A, Papalois A, Papademetriou V, Tousoulis D, Stefanadis C.
Effect of mesalamine and prednisolone on TNBS experimental colitis, following various doses of orally administered iron.
Triantafillidis JK, Douvi G, Agrogiannis G, Patsouris E, Gikas A, Papalois AE.
Critical care and perioperative monitoring.
Karakitsos D, El Barbary M, Gillman LM, Papalois A, Shiloh A.
Erythropoietin administration facilitates return of spontaneous circulation and improves survival in a pig model of cardiac arrest.
Vasileiou PV, Xanthos T, Barouxis D, Pantazopoulos C, Papalois AE, Lelovas P, Kotsilianou O, Pliatsika P, Kouskouni E, Iacovidou N.
Reoxygenation of asphyxiated newborn piglets: administration of 100% oxygen causes significantly higher apoptosis in cortical neurons, as compared to 21%.
Faa G, Fanos V, Fanni D, Gerosa C, Faa A, Fraschini M, Pais ME, Di Felice E, Papalois A, Varsami M, Xanthos T, Iacovidou N.
Metabolomics network characterization of resuscitation after normocapnic hypoxia in a newborn piglet model supports the hypothesis that room air is better.
Fanos V, Noto A, Xanthos T, Lussu M, Murgia F, Barberini L, Finco G, d'Aloja E, Papalois A, Iacovidou N, Atzori L.
The impact of peri-operative anti-TNF treatment on anastomosis-related complications in Crohn's disease patients. A critical review.
Papaconstantinou I, Zeglinas C, Gazouli M, Nastos K, Yiallourou A, Papalois A, Tzathas C.
Invasive and ultrasound based monitoring of the intracranial pressure in an experimental model of epidural hematoma progressing towards brain tamponade on rabbits.
Kasapas K, Diamantopoulou A, Pentilas N, Papalois A, Douzinas E, Kouraklis G, Slama M, Terkawi AS, Blaivas M, Sargsyan AE, Karakitsos D.
Transauricular balloon angioplasty in rabbit thoracic aorta: a novel model of experimental restenosis.
Koniari I, Apostolakis E, Diamantopoulos A, Papadaki H, Papadimitriou E, Poimenidi E, Karnabatidis D, Karahaliou A, Costaridou L, Papalois A, Siablis D, Dougenis D, Alexopoulos D.
Lipids Health Dis. 2014 Feb 15;13:33.
The role of total parenteral nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease: current aspects.
Nutritional status and nutritional support before and after pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis.
Karagianni VT, Papalois AE, Triantafillidis JK.
Addition of glucagon to adrenaline improves hemodynamics in a porcine model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation.
Raffay V, Chalkias A, Lelovas P, Karlis G, Koutsovasilis A, Papalois A, Jevdjic J, Fiser Z, Xanthos T.
Anti-inflammatory effect of elemental diets with different fat composition in experimental colitis.
Papada E, Kaliora AC, Gioxari A, Papalois A, Forbes A.
S100B immunoreactivity: a new marker of hypoxia-related cardiac damage in newborn piglets.
Faa A, Xanthos T, Papalois A, Locci A, Pampaloni P, Pais ME, Aroni F, Gazzolo D, Faa G, Iacovidou N.
Chatzigeorgiou A, Kandaraki E, Piperi C, Livadas S, Papavassiliou AG, Koutsilieris M, Papalois A, Diamanti-Kandarakis E.
Sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy: current issues.
Triantafillidis JK, Merikas E, Nikolakis D, Papalois AE.
Transforming growth factor-β inhibition and endothelin receptor blockade in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Megalou AJ, Glava C, Vilaeti AD, Oikonomidis DL, Baltogiannis GG, Papalois A, Vlahos AP, Kolettis TM.
Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation exerts acute and chronic effects on renal hemodynamics in swine.
Tsioufis C, Papademetriou V, Dimitriadis K, Tsiachris D, Thomopoulos C, Park E, Hata C, Papalois A, Stefanadis C.
The role of novel biomarkers in early diagnosis and prognosis of acute kidney injury in newborns.
Argyri I, Xanthos T, Varsami M, Aroni F, Papalois A, Dontas I, Fanos V, Iacovidou N.
Effects of L-NAME on coronary blood flow, infarct size and the extent of the no-reflow phenomenon.
Pierrakos CN, Tsolakis EJ, Pozios IA, Diakos N, Charitos E, Malliaras K, Bonios MJ, Lazaris N, Papazoglou P, Venetsanakos J, Papalois A, Terrovitis JV, Nanas JN.
Chios mastic fractions in experimental colitis: implication of the nuclear factor κB pathway in cultured HT29 cells.
Papalois A, Gioxari A, Kaliora AC, Lymperopoulou A, Agrogiannis G, Papada E, Andrikopoulos NK.
Drugs in newborn resuscitation: the more we learn the least we use.
Iacovidou N, Vasileiou PV, Papalois A, Syggelou A, Bassareo PP, Xanthos T.
Passive leg raising during cardiopulmonary resuscitation results in improved neurological outcome in a swine model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation.
Dragoumanos V, Iacovidou N, Chalkias A, Lelovas P, Koutsovasilis A, Papalois A, Xanthos T.
Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced myocardial lesions in newborn piglets are related to interindividual variability and not to oxygen concentration.
Faa A, Iacovidou N, Xanthos T, Locci A, Pampaloni P, Aroni F, Papalois A, Faa G, Fanos V.
Detection of herplex simplex virus-1 and -2 in cardiac myxomas.
Pateras IS, Evangelou K, Tsimaratou K, Liontos M, Sakellariou S, Barlogiannis T, Karakitsos P, Papalois A, Kotsinas A, Gorgoulis VG.
An experimental model of neonatal normocapnic hypoxia and resuscitation in Landrace/Large White piglets.
Aroni F, Xanthos T, Varsami M, Argyri I, Alexaki A, Stroumpoulis K, Lelovas P, Papalois A, Faa G, Fanos V, Iacovidou N.
Andreadou I, Farmakis D, Prokovas E, Sigala F, Zoga A, Spyridaki K, Papalois A, Papapetropoulos A, Anastasiou-Nana M, Kremastinos DT, Iliodromitis EK.
Investigating the signal transduction pathways underlying remote ischemic conditioning in the porcine heart.
Hausenloy DJ, Iliodromitis EK, Andreadou I, Papalois A, Gritsopoulos G, Anastasiou-Nana M, Kremastinos DT, Yellon DM.
Toward nephrogenesis in the pig kidney: the composite tubulo-glomerular nodule.
Gerosa C, Fanos V, Fanni D, Nemolato S, Locci A, Xanthos T, Papalois A, Faa G, Iacovidou N.
Use of the impedance threshold device improves survival rate and neurological outcome in a swine model of asphyxial cardiac arrest*.
Pantazopoulos IN, Xanthos TT, Vlachos I, Troupis G, Kotsiomitis E, Johnson E, Papalois A, Skandalakis P.
Inexperienced nurses and doctors are equally efficient in managing the airway in a manikin model.
Xanthos T, Bassiakou E, Koudouna E, Stroumpoulis K, Vlachos I, Johnson EO, Vasileiou P, Papalois A, Iacovidou N.
Structural and biomechanical alterations in rabbit thoracic aortas are associated with the progression of atherosclerosis.
Koniari I, Mavrilas D, Papadaki H, Karanikolas M, Mandellou M, Papalois A, Koletsis E, Dougenis D, Apostolakis E.
Maniotis C, Tsalikakis DG, Tzallas AT, Varnavas V, Kontaras K, Glava C, Baltogiannis GG, Papalois A, Kolettis TM, Kyriakides ZS.
Pistacia lentiscus resin regulates intestinal damage and inflammation in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis.
Gioxari A, Kaliora AC, Papalois A, Agrogiannis G, Triantafillidis JK, Andrikopoulos NK.
Fragou M, Gravvanis A, Dimitriou V, Papalois A, Kouraklis G, Karabinis A, Saranteas T, Poularas J, Papanikolaou J, Davlouros P, Labropoulos N, Karakitsos D.
Transforming growth factor-β inhibition attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats.
Megalou AJ, Glava C, Oikonomidis DL, Vilaeti A, Agelaki MG, Baltogiannis GG, Papalois A, Vlahos AP, Kolettis TM.
A metabolomic approach in an experimental model of hypoxia-reoxygenation in newborn piglets: urine predicts outcome.
Atzori L, Xanthos T, Barberini L, Antonucci R, Murgia F, Lussu M, Aroni F, Varsami M, Papalois A, Lai A, D'Aloja E, Iacovidou N, Fanos V.
Conventional direct laryngoscopy versus videolaryngoscopy with the GlideScope®: a neonatal manikin study with inexperienced intubators.
Iacovidou N, Bassiakou E, Stroumpoulis K, Koudouna E, Aroni F, Papalois A, Xanthos T.
Aldosterone receptor blockade inhibits degenerative processes in the early stage of calcific aortic stenosis.
Gkizas S, Koumoundourou D, Sirinian X, Rokidi S, Mavrilas D, Koutsoukos P, Papalois A, Apostolakis E, Alexopoulos D, Papadaki H.
Dose-dependent effects of sildenafil on post-ischaemic left ventricular function in the rat isolated heart.
Kolettis TM, Kontaras K, Spartinos I, Maniotis C, Varnavas V, Koutouzis M, Mourouzis I, Papalois A, Pantos C, Kyriakides ZS.
Pharmacokinetics of Linezolid and Ertapenem in experimental parapneumonic pleural effusion.
Saroglou M, Tryfon S, Ismailos G, Liapakis I, Tzatzarakis M, Tsatsakis A, Papalois A, Bouros D.
Aldosterone receptor inhibition alters the viscoelastic biomechanical behavior of the aortic wall.
Gkizas SI, Apostolakis E, Pagoulatou E, Mavrilas D, Papachristou DJ, Koletsis E, Papalois A, Papadaki H, Alexopoulos D.
Penetration of azithromycin in experimental pleural empyema fluid.
Saroglou M, Ismailos G, Tryfon S, Liapakis I, Papalois A, Bouros D.
IGF-1 expression in infarcted myocardium and MGF E peptide actions in rat cardiomyocytes in vitro.
Stavropoulou A, Halapas A, Sourla A, Philippou A, Papageorgiou E, Papalois A, Koutsilieris M.
Acute liver acetaminophen toxicity in rabbits and the use of antidotes: a metabonomic approach in serum.
Zira A, Mikros E, Giannioti K, Galanopoulou P, Papalois A, Liapi C, Theocharis S.
Remote postconditioning is more potent than classic postconditioning in reducing the infarct size in anesthetized rabbits.
Gritsopoulos G, Iliodromitis EK, Zoga A, Farmakis D, Demerouti E, Papalois A, Paraskevaidis IA, Kremastinos DT.
In vivo models for heart failure research.
Halapas A, Papalois A, Stauropoulou A, Philippou A, Pissimissis N, Chatzigeorgiou A, Kamper E, Koutsilieris M.
Treatment of experimental osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a synthetic carrier of calcium sulphate (Stimulan) releasing moxifloxacin.
Kanellakopoulou K, Galanopoulos I, Soranoglou V, Tsaganos T, Tziortzioti V, Maris I, Papalois A, Giamarellou H, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ.
Restenosis is not associated with stent length in a pig model of coronary stent implantation.
Koutouzis M, Papalois A, Kyrzopoulos S, Dafnomili P, Kyriakides ZS.
Antiatherosclerotic properties of EP2302, a novel squalene synthase inhibitor, in the cholesterol-fed rabbit.
Tavridou A, Kaklamanis L, Papalois A, Kourounakis AP, Rekka EA, Kourounakis PN, Charalambous A, Manolopoulos VG.
Detection of perivascular blood flow in vivo by contrast-enhanced intracoronary ultrasonography and image analysis: an animal study.
Vavuranakis M, Papaioannou TG, Kakadiaris IA, O'Malley SM, Naghavi M, Filis K, Sanidas EA, Papalois A, Stamatopoulos I, Stefanadis C.
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2007 Dec;34(12):1319-23.
EP2306 [2-(4-biphenyl)-4-methyl-octahydro-1,4-benzoxazin-2-ol, hydrobromide], a novel squalene synthase inhibitor, reduces atherosclerosis in the cholesterol-fed rabbit.
Accumulation of dietary glycotoxins in the reproductive system of normal female rats.
Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Piperi C, Korkolopoulou P, Kandaraki E, Levidou G, Papalois A, Patsouris E, Papavassiliou AG.
Coronary sinus stent implantation improves acute ischaemic mitral valve regurgitation; an experimental safety and efficacy study.
Manginas A, Karagiannis SE, Karatasakis G, Papalois A, Papalambrou A, Daphnomili P, Kaklamanis L, Khaldi L, Cokkinos DV.
Simultaneous deregulation of p16 and cyclin D1 genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a combined immunohistochemistry and image analysis study based on tissue microarrays.
Tsiambas E, Karameris A, Gourgiotis S, Salemis N, Athanassiou AE, Karakitsos P, Papalois A, Merikas E, Kosmidis P, Patsouris E.
Dexamethasone as adjuvant therapy to moxifloxacin attenuates valve destruction in experimental aortic valve endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus.
Skiadas I, Pefanis A, Papalois A, Kyroudi A, Triantafyllidi H, Tsaganos T, Giamarellou H.
Repeated balloon inflations do not diminish ST segment elevation even though coronary collateral recruitment is promoted in pigs.
Lyras T, Papalois A, Klamargias L, Kyrzopoulos S, Dafnomili P, Kyriakides ZS.
Pharmacological characterization in vitro of EP2306 and EP2302, potent inhibitors of squalene synthase and lipid biosynthesis.
Tavridou A, Kaklamanis L, Megaritis G, Kourounakis AP, Papalois A, Roukounas D, Rekka EA, Kourounakis PN, Charalambous A, Manolopoulos VG.
Myrianthefs P, Boutzouka E, Venetsanou K, Papalois A, Kouloukousa M, Kittas C, Baltopoulos G.
Favorable response to subcutaneous administration of infliximab in rats with experimental colitis.
Triantafillidis JK, Papalois AE, Parasi A, Anagnostakis E, Burnazos S, Gikas A, Merikas EG, Douzinas E, Karagianni M, Sotiriou H.
World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Nov 21;11(43):6843-7.
Estrogen decreases neointimal hyperplasia and improves re-endothelialization in pigs.
Kyriakides ZS, Lymberopoulos E, Papalois A, Kyrzopoulos S, Dafnomili V, Sbarouni E, Kremastinos DT.
The effects of 5-HT4 receptor blockade and stimulation, during six hours of atrial fibrillation.
Leftheriotis DI, Theodorakis GN, Poulis D, Flevari PG, Livanis EG, Iliodromitis EK, Papalois A, Kremastinos DT.
Hypoxemic reperfusion after 120 mins of intestinal ischemia attenuates the histopathologic and inflammatory response.
Douzinas EE, Kollias S, Tiniakos D, Evangelou E, Papalois A, Rapidis AD, Tsoukalas GD, Patsouris E, Roussos C.
Crit Care Med. 2004 Nov;32(11):2279-83.
No effect of stem cell mobilization with GM-CSF on infarct size and left ventricular function in experimental acute myocardial infarction.
Terrovitis J, Charitos C, Dolou P, Papalois A, Eleftheriou A, Tsolakis E, Charitos E, Mponios M, Karanastasis G, Koudoumas D, Agapitos E, Nanas JN.
Myocardial ischemia in intestinal postischemic shock: the effect of hypoxemic reperfusion.
Douzinas EE, Pitaridis MT, Patsouris E, Kollias S, Boursinos V, Karmpaliotis DI, Gratsias Y, Evangelou E, Papalois A, Konstantinidou AE, Roussos C.
Crit Care Med. 2003 Aug;31(8):2183-9.
Reduction of myocardial infarct size in rabbits by a novel indole derivative with antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.
Andreadou I, Tasouli A, Iliodromitis E, Tsantili-Kakoulidou A, Papalois A, Siatra T, Kremastinos DT.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Oct 25;453(2-3):271-7.
Beneficial effect of a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with basic character and antioxidant properties on experimental colitis in rats.
Andreadou I, Papalois A, Triantafillidis JK, Demonakou M, Govosdis V, Vidali M, Anagnostakis E, Kourounakis PN.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Apr 26;441(3):209-14.
Hypoxaemic reperfusion ameliorates the histopathological changes in the pig brain after a severe global cerebral ischaemic insult.
Douzinas EE, Patsouris E, Kypriades EM, Makris DJ, Andrianakis I, Korkolopoulou P, Boursinos V, Papalois A, Sotiropoulou C, Davaris P, Roussos C.
Intensive Care Med. 2001 May;27(5):905-10.
The effect of hypoxemic reperfusion on cerebral protection after a severe global ischemic brain insult.
Douzinas EE, Andrianakis I, Pitaridis MT, Karmpaliotis DJ, Kypriades EM, Betsou A, Gratsias Y, Sotiropoulou C, Papalois A, Roussos C.
Intensive Care Med. 2001 Jan;27(1):269-75.
Preconditioning limits myocardial infarct size in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
Kremastinos DT, Bofilis E, Karavolias GK, Papalois A, Kaklamanis L, Iliodromitis EK.
Experimental gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: training in a porcine model.
Kasapidis P, Bassioukas S, Mavrogenis G, Tribonias G, Delis K, Georgopoulos S, Christodoulou D, Emmanouil T, Paraskeva K, Panteris V, Papalois A, Triantafillidis J, Tsiamoulos Z, Fukuhara T, Komeda Y, Kashida H.
Is In-Vivo laparoscopic simulation learning a step forward in the Undergraduate Surgical Education?
Pantelidis P, Sideris M, Tsoulfas G, Georgopoulou EM, Tsagkaraki I, Staikoglou N, Stagias G, Psychalakis N, Tsitsopoulos P, Athanasiou T, Zografos G, Papalois A.
Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2017 Feb 1;16:52-56.
Evaluating the educational environment of an international animal model-based wet lab course for undergraduate students.
Sideris MC, Papalois AE, Athanasiou T, Dimitropoulos I, Theodoraki K, Dos Santos FS, Paparoidamis G, Staikoglou N, Pissas D, Whitfield PC, Rampotas A, Papagrigoriadis S, Papalois V, Zografos G, Tsoulfas G.
Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2016 Oct 24;12:8-17.
Promoting Undergraduate Surgical Education: Current Evidence and Students' Views on ESMSC International Wet Lab Course.
Sideris M, Papalois A, Theodoraki K, Dimitropoulos I, Johnson EO, Georgopoulou EM, Staikoglou N, Paparoidamis G, Pantelidis P, Tsagkaraki I, Karamaroudis S, Potoupnis ME, Tsiridis E, Dedeilias P, Papagrigoriadis S, Papalois V, Zografos G, Triantafyllou A, Tsoulfas G.
Developing an International Combined Applied Surgical Science and Wet Lab Simulation Course as an Undergraduate Teaching Model.
Sideris M, Papalois A, Tsoulfas G, Majumder S, Toutouzas K, Koletsis E, Dedeilias P, Lymperopoulos N, Papagrigoriadis S, Papalois V, Zografos G.
Introducing In Vivo Dissection Modules for Undergraduate Level Trainees: What Is the Actual Benefit and How Could We Make It More Efficient?

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sipgate only processes personal data insofar as required for providing a functioning website as well as contents and sipgate services. Users’ personal data is usually only processed if required for fulfilling contractual or legal obligations or with the user’s consent. Cases where it is impossible to obtain prior consent for effective reasons and the data processing is permitted by law form an exception to this rule.
In the event of sipgate obtaining consent from the data subject for personal data processing activities, Art. 6 (1) lit. a of the General Data Protection Regulation (hereinafter referred to as “GDPR”) forms the legal basis.
When processing personal data required for fulfilling an agreement to which the data subject is party, Art. 6 (1) lit. b GDPR forms the legal basis. The same applies to processing activities required for implementing pre-contractual measures.
In the event of personal data having to be processed for fulfilling a legal obligation of sipgate, Art. 6 (1) lit. c GDPR forms the legal basis.
Should essential interests of the data subject or another natural person require the processing of personal data, Art. 6 (1) lit. d GDPR serves as the legal basis.
If the processing is required to maintain a justified interest of sipgate or third party, and if the interests, basic rights and freedoms of the data subject do not outweigh the interest stated above, Art. 6 (1) lit. f GDPR serves as the legal basis for processing.
The personal data of the data subject is deleted or blocked as soon as the purpose for its storage ceases to exist. Data may also be stored if stipulated by European or national legislation in EU directives, laws or other regulations which apply to sipgate. Data is also blocked or deleted if a storage period stipulated by the above standards expires, unless it is necessary to continue storing the data for the conclusion or fulfilment of an agreement.
The sipgate systems automatically collect data and information from the system of the accessing computer each time the sipgate website (and the websites of its affiliated companies) is accessed.
Information on the browser type and version, the user’s operating system, internet service provider and IP address, date and time of access, websites from which the user’s system is referred to sipgate’s website, and websites accessed by the user’s system through the sipgate website(s).
The data is also stored in the sipgate log files. This data is not stored together with other personal data of the user.
Data and log files are temporarily stored on the legal basis of Art. 6 (1) lit. f GDPR.
The system has to temporarily store the user’s IP address to display the website on the user’s computer. The user’s IP address has to be stored for the duration of the session for this purpose.
It is stored in log files to ensure the functionality of the website. We also use this data to optimise the website and ensure the security of our IT systems. The data is not analysed for marketing purposes in this respect.
The above-stated purpose also constitutes the justified interest of sipgate in the data processing in accordance with Art. 8 (1) lit. f GDPR.
The data is deleted as soon as it is no longer required for fulfilling the purpose for which it was collected. If the data is collected for displaying the website, this is the point at which the respective session ends.
If the data is stored in log files, it is deleted no later than seven days from being collected. Data may be stored for longer periods than the ones stated above. In such event, the user’s IP address is deleted or alienated so that it is no longer possible to allocate it to the accessing client and this data no longer links to a specific person.
The collection of data for displaying the website and storage of data in log files is crucial for operating the website. The user therefore has no option to object.
language settings, shopping basket items, log-in information, browser type, operating system, referrer URL (previously visited page), time of server request and IP address.
browser type, operating system, referrer URL (previously visited page), time of server request and IP address.
The user data collected in this manner is pseudonymised by technical features. Once this process has been completed, it is no longer possible to allocate the data to the accessing user. The data is stored separately to other personal user data.
The legal basis for the processing of personal data and use of technically required cookies is Art. 6 (1) lit. f GDPR.
Art. 6 (1) lit. a GDPR forms the legal basis for processing personal data whilst using cookies for analysis purposes with the user’s consent.
Any email address entered by you when purchasing goods or services on the sipgate website may be used by sipgate to send you a newsletter. The newsletter exclusively contains direct advertising for our own goods and services. We engage external service providers for sending the newsletter.
We record the number of opened and delivered newsletters in this respect.
The newsletters contain a web beacon, i.e. a one-pixel file which is accessed by the server of our service provider when the newsletter is opened. Technical information, such as on your browser and system as well as your IP address and time of request, is collected as part of this request. This information is used for improving the technical aspects of the service on the basis of technical data or the target groups and their read behaviour based on their request locations (which can be determined with the help of the IP address) or access times.
The statistical data collected also includes the determination if the newsletters have been opened and when and which links have been clicked. This information can be allocated to the individual newsletter recipients for technical reasons. However, neither we nor our service provider intend to monitor individual users. The analyses merely serve for us to recognise the read behaviour of our users and to adjust our contents accordingly or to send different contents that meet our users’ interests.
Section 7 (3) of the Act against unfair competition (Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb – UWG) forms the legal basis for sending the newsletter following the sale of goods or services.
Art. 6 (1) lit. f GDPR forms the basis for recording the number of opened and delivered newsletters.
Email addresses and user names are collected for delivering a personalised newsletter.
The number of opened and delivered newsletters is recorded to recognise potential technical problems and to improve the contents. This purpose also constitutes sipgate’s justified interest in accordance with Art. 6 (1) lit. f GDPR.
The data is deleted as soon as it is no longer required for fulfilling the purpose for which it was collected. The user email address is therefore stored for as long as the newsletter subscription remains active.
The affected user can cancel the newsletter subscription at any time. A corresponding link is included in every newsletter for this purpose.
The sipgate website contains contact forms that can be used for contacting the company via electronic channels. If the user decides to use this option, the data entered in the input mask is transferred to sipgate and stored.
This data includes: email address, customer number and phone number, if required.
Art. 6 (1) lit. a GDPR forms the legal basis for data processing with the user’s consent.
The legal basis for processing data transferred as part of an email is provided by Art. 6 (1) lit. f GDPR. If the email contact aims at concluding an agreement, Art. 6 (1) lit. b GDPR forms an additional legal basis for processing.
sipgate exclusively processes personal data from the input masks for processing the contact request. In the case of contact being made via email, this also constitutes the necessary and justified interest in processing the data.
The other personal data processed during the send process serves to prevent the misuse of the contact form and ensure the security of sipgate’s IT systems.
The data is deleted as soon as it is no longer required for fulfilling the purpose for which it was collected. For the personal data from the input mask of the contact form and those sent via email, this is the case once the respective conversation with the user has ended. The conversation has been concluded once the respective matter has been clarified in full and final.
The user may withdraw its consent for processing the personal data at any time. In such case, the conversation cannot be continued.
sipgate uses zendesk, a tool provided by Zendesk Inc., 1019 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA, for collecting and processing customer requests. We have concluded a data processing agreement with this company. When customers email sipgate, their email address, customer number and any other information sent are stored by zendesk.
Art. 6 (1) lit. f GDPR forms the legal basis for processing data which is transferred as part of an email. If the email contact aims at concluding or fulfilling an agreement, Art. 6 (1) lit. b GDPR forms the legal basis for processing.
The personal data is exclusively processed for finding a specific solution to customer queries whilst recording and/or processing them. It is essential in this respect for sipgate to be able to contact the respective customer.
Users may request the deletion of their personal data at any time. In such case, the conversation cannot be continued.
We engage the services of the copyright holders of fonts for displaying various fonts. To do so, the IP address of the querying computer is transferred to the copyright holder supplying the font.
Art. 6 (1) lit. f GDPR forms the basis for the processing of personal data.
The display of the sipgate website(s) in the requested font.
The IP address is deleted immediately after accessing the font.
We use the services of Google (Google LLC, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway Mountain View, CA 94043 USA) for our work as well as internal and external communication. We have concluded a data processing agreement with this company. As part of our work, various personal data (such as IP address of the querying computer, your name, your email address and other data processed during the conclusion of an agreement and/or its performance by us) is stored on Google servers, if required for the performance of the agreement or communication with the customer (such as email, conclusion of agreements via Google drive).
Art. 6 (1) lit. b and f GDPR forms the basis for the processing of personal data.
Customer contacts and other various processes that are required for the performance and fulfilment of the agreement.
The data is deleted if no longer required and we are not obliged to store it by law.
We use the services of intercom (Intercom, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94105, USA) for our online communication. We have concluded a data processing agreement with this company. As part of these activities, the IP address of the querying computer is transferred to intercom which provides various online communication services (such as online chat and automatic customer onboarding) for customers on the sipgate website.
Creating direct customer contact and providing automated assistance for using sipgate services.
The IP address is deleted immediately after closing the session.
The additional “User ID” function is also integrated on some websites.
The User ID is a unique, permanent and non-personalised character sequence which we allocate to you as a person and not to a specific device. It enables us to record your visit and ￼user behaviour on our website from various devices (e.g. smartphone, tablet or ￼laptop). The User ID is only allocated to you if we can clearly ￼identify you as a user. This generally is the case when you ￼register for the first time on our website. We do not combine the data collected under the User ID with personal data￼. We only transfer the pseudonymised User ID to Google Universal Analytics and ￼use it as your pseudonym when dealing with Google. Other data and information relating to ￼your account is not transferred to Google. Your user behaviour on our ￼websites is then transferred to the Google servers in the USA, together with your User ID, where it is stored ￼and processed for analysis purposes. Google links the transferred information to ￼pseudonymised user profiles and ￼provides sipgate with a summary of them. sipgate does not combine these transferred user profiles with your personal data. This makes it impossible to allocate the data to specific persons at all times. You can object to the transfer of a User ID to Google by sending us an email with the following subject: “Data Protection: User-ID”.
sipgate has activated IP anonymisation (“_anonymizeIP()” extension) on this website. This means that IP addresses are recorded anonymously by way of IP masking to remove any direct link to persons. The full IP address is only transferred to Google servers in the USA and abbreviated there in exceptional circumstances. The IP address is usually abbreviated within the member states of the European Union or other contracting states of the Agreement on the European Economic Area and transferred to Google servers in the USA in abbreviated form.
Art. 6 (1) lit. a and f GDPR forms the basis for the processing of personal data. The above purpose also constitutes sipgate’s justified interest in the processing of personal data in accordance with Art. 6 (1) lit. f GDPR.
Google uses this information on behalf of sipgate for analysing the use of the latter’s website, for compiling website activity reports and for providing other services relating to the use of the internet and website for sipgate. Google does not combine the IP address transferred by your browser within the scope of Google Analytics with other data.
The data is stored for a maximum period of 26 months.
You can adjust your browser settings to block the storage of cookies. However, we would like to point out that you may no longer be able to fully use all of the functions on this website in this case. You can also prevent the transfer of the data created by the cookie that relates to your use of the website (including your IP address) to Google and the processing of this data by Google by downloading and installing the respective browser plug-in from the following link (http://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout?hl=de). The web analysis remains deactivated until the Google add-on is deactivated and/or deleted. Please therefore do not delete this add-on as long as you wish to prevent the web analysis. The add-on has to be installed in every browser on every computer. You have to install the add-on separately if you access sipgate services and/or websites from different browsers/computers.
By using this website you agree for us to collect and process your personal data in the manner and for the purpose stated above if you have not installed the above browser plug-in.
As part of the use of Google products, data is stored on servers located within the United States of America. This data usually (see Section VIII. A. 1.) does not relate to a person as it has been anonymised prior to being transferred.
Data transfer to the United States of America is justified by the conclusion of the agreement between sipgate and Google which contains standard contractual clauses developed by the EU Commission.
sipgate uses Sentry, a service provided by Software Inc., Sentry, 1501 Mariposa St # 408, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA, on its website for checking and monitoring stability.
This service is used for monitoring the technical stability of the services provided by sipgate on its websites. This makes it possible to monitor system stability and recognise and improve code errors. The collected data enables sipgate to recognise when and which display errors have occurred and on which operating system. This data exclusively serves to provide sipgate services with the least possible errors and to rectify any errors found.
The above purposes also constitute the justified interest of sipgate in the data processing in accordance with Art. 6 (1) lit. f GDPR.
All data, such as information on the device used and time of error are collected in anonymised form, stored and deleted immediately once it has been analysed. sipgate is unable, at any time, to link the stored data back to a specific or determinable person. Any entries made by the user are recognised as such by Sentry and never collected.
sipgate uses HubSpot, a service provided by HubSpot Inc., on its website for analysis purposes. HubSpot Inc. is a US company with branch in Ireland (HubSpot, 2nd floor 30 North Wall Quay, Dublin 1, Ireland, Tel.: +353 1 5187500).
Art. 6 (1) lit. a and f GDPR forms the basis for the processing of personal data using the Hub Spot service.
The data collected via HubSpot is used for generating statistics on the use of the sipgate websites. sipgate requires these statistics to ensure that the website and all contents operate smoothly and to continuously optimise them.
sipgate further requires the data collected by the HubSpot service to provide users with targeted marketing.
The above purpose also constitutes sipgate’s justified interest in the processing of personal data in accordance with Art. 6 (1) lit. f GDPR.
sipgate uses the data collected via the Hubspot service exclusively for the purposes stated above and never transfers it to third parties.
Website visitors can leave comments on some of the websites of sipgate GmbH. To do so, visitors have to give an email address.
When a new comment is stored, sipgate GmbH fully automatically checks if the website visitor has a Gravatar account based on the email address provided by the visitor.
Gravatar is a service that is used to ensure that a profile picture is uploaded only once centrally to be displayed on all websites visited that contain a comment or similar function.
If no Gravatar account has been created for the requested email address, Gravatar immediately deletes the requested email address.
If a Gravatar account has been created for the requested email address, the profile picture of the respective user is automatically displayed on the websites of sipgate GmbH, together with the comments of this user.
No other data is stored in this respect.
Displaying the profile pictures of users of the websites of sipgate GmbH.
sipgate transfers the personal data that has been collected and stored to our service providers within the scope of contractual regulations if this is necessary for processing your agreement. Obviously, these service providers are requested to comply with the applicable data protection regulations.
Credit card payments: SIX Payment Services Germany GmbH, Langenhorner Chausee 92-94, 22415 Hamburg, Germany.
Paypal payments: PayPal Deutschland GmbH, Am Marktplatz 1, 14532 Europaparc Dreilinden, Germany.
Affiliated companies are companies that are controlled by sipgate. Data may be transferred to affiliated companies. However, we only transfer data if these companies are either governed by this Data protection Declaration or comply with guidelines that provide at least the same level of protection as this Data Protection Declaration.
We only disclose the personal data of our customers if required to do so by law or if such transfer is necessary to assert our general terms and conditions of business or other agreements or to protect our rights and the rights of our customers and third parties. This includes an exchange of data with companies specialising in the prevention and minimisation of misuse and credit card fraud. No data is transferred for commercial use by these companies, it is exclusively transferred for the purposes stated above.
Facebook is a social network operated by Facebook Ireland Limited (Hanover Reach, 5-7 Hanover Quay, Dublin 2 Ireland). sipgate maintains a Facebook page (fan page).
If you have logged into your Facebook account and use the sipgate Facebook fan page, Facebook gives us access to your “public information” on Facebook that you make available to the public or approve for the respective application via a technical interface. On Facebook, “public” means that everyone, including persons outside of Facebook, can see your data. This includes your name, profile picture, cover photo, gender, networks, “Likes”, user name (Facebook URL) and user ID (Facebook ID).
Based on the Facebook data protection policy, Facebook decides which data is permanently accessible to the public and which you can make accessible by adjusting your privacy settings.
sipgate maintains a Twitter account. Twitter is a microblogging service operated by the US company Twitter, Inc. (795 Folsom Str., Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94107).
We collect your title, name, address, date of birth and payment information within the scope of the conclusion of an agreement.
In addition to the existing data, e.g. from the customer order, sipgate also uses your traffic and user data. Traffic and user data include data created during telephone calls or through other methods via the network used by sipgate (SMS / MMS, data services).
Art. 6 (1) lit. b GDPR forms the basis for the processing of this data.
The traffic data is created when the telecommunication connection is established and maintained and is required for invoicing purposes. It is stored, processed and used for a maximum period of six months from dispatch of invoice.
The existing data is required for performing the agreement.
The email address is also required for contacting the customer (sending invoices and other product-related information).
The data is deleted as soon as it is no longer required for fulfilling the purpose for which it was collected.
In accordance with the German Telecommunications Act (Telekommunikationsgesetz – TKG), we are obliged to store the existing data until the close of the calendar year following the termination of the agreement. Any longer data storage periods required in accordance with commercial law, such as for invoices (German Commercial Code (Handelsgesetzbuch – HGB) or German Tax Code (Abgabenordnung – AO)) are binding.
Users may request the deletion of their personal data at any time. Upon receipt of such request, sipgate deletes the personal data, unless obliged to store it in accordance with commercial law.
Please also refer to the general terms and conditions of business and specification of services applicable to the respective product.
You may request confirmation if sipgate processes your personal data.
8. Existence of an automated decision-making process, including profiling, in accordance with Art. 22 (1) and (4) GDPR and, at least in these cases, meaningful information on the logic involved as well as the consequences and intended effects of such processing on the data subject.
You have the right to request information regarding the question if your personal data is transferred to a third country or international organisation. You may request to be informed about the suitable guarantees in accordance with Art. 46 GDPR relating to the data transfer in this respect.
You have the right to request the correction and/or completion of the data from the controller if your processed personal data is incorrect or incomplete. The controller must correct the data immediately.
a) Your personal data is no longer required for the purposes for which it was collected or processed in any other manner.
b) You withdraw your consent for the processing in accordance with Art. 6 (1) lit. a or Art. 9 (2) lit. a GDPR and there is no other legal basis for such processing.
c) You object against the processing in accordance with Art. 21 (1) GDPR and there are no overriding justified interests for the processing or you object to the processing in accordance with Art. 21 (2) GDPR.
d) Your personal data has been processed illegally.
e) Your personal data has to be deleted in order to fulfil a legal obligation under EU law or the law of the member states applicable to the controller.
f) Your personal data was collected with regard to services offered by the information company in accordance with Art. 8 (1) GDPR.
If the controller has published your personal data and is obliged to delete it in accordance with Art. 17 (1) GDPR, the controller shall implement adequate measures, including technical measures that take into consideration the available technology and implementation costs, to inform the controllers that are processing the personal data that you, the data subject, have requested the deletion of all links to this personal data, copies or duplicates thereof.
e) Asserting, enforcing or defending legal claims.
If you have asserted the right to correction, deletion or limitation of processing against the controller, the latter is obliged to notify all recipient to which your personal data has been disclosed of such correction and deletion of the data or its limitation of processing, unless this is impossible or would incur disproportionate costs and effort.
You have the right to be notified by the controller about such recipients.
Automated methods are used for processing the data.
In execution of this right, you further have the right to enforce that your personal data is transferred directly from one controller to another, insofar as this is technically possible. Such actions may not impair the freedoms and rights of other persons.
The right to data transferability does not apply to personal data processing that is required for fulfilling a task transferred to the controller that is in the interest of the general public or necessary to enforce the orders of a public authority.
You have the right to object against the processing of your personal data based on Art. 6 (1) lit. e or f GDPR at any time and for reasons arising from your specific situation; the same applies for any profiling based on these regulations.
The controller will no longer processes your personal data in this case, unless it can provide evidence of compelling reasons worth protecting for the processing which outweigh your interests, rights and freedoms, or the processing serves to asset, enforce or defend legal claims.
If your personal data is processed for the purpose of direct advertising, you have the right to object to the processing of your personal data for such advertising purposes at any time; the same applies to profiling that is related to such direct advertising.
If you object to the processing for the purpose of direct advertising, your personal data will no longer be processed for such purpose.
You have the option to assert your right to object by using automated methods that employ technical specifications in connection with the use of services provided by the information company, regardless of Directive 2002/58/EC.
You have the right to withdraw your data protection consent declaration at any time. The withdrawal of this consent does not affect the legality of the processing based on the consent until its withdrawal.
Notwithstanding any other remedy under administrative law or before the courts, you have the right to complain to a supervisory authority, particularly in the member state where you reside, work or where the alleged violation took place if you are of the opinion that the processing of the respective personal data violates the GDPR.
The supervisory authority to which the complaint was submitted informs the complainant of the status and results of the complaint, including the option of legal remedy in accordance with Art. 78 GDPR.

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