While many companies offer label design and production services, few can efficiently and cost effectively review such labeling for compliance with the application regulations within the U.S. and Internationally. Additionally, we can help identify issues that could potentially lead to costly regulatory or legal challenges with respect to language that is either not allowed or does not have suitable claim substantiation.
§ 101.1 – Principal display panel of package form food.
§ 101.2 – Information panel of package form food.
§ 101.3 – Identity labeling of food in packaged form.
§ 101.4 – Food; designation of ingredients.
§ 101.5 – Food; name and place of business of manufacturer, packer, or distributor.
§ 101.9 – Nutrition labeling of food.
§ 101.10 – Nutrition labeling of restaurant foods.
§ 101.12 – Reference amounts customarily consumed per eating occasion.
§ 101.13 – Nutrient content claims–general principles.
§ 101.14 – Health claims: general requirements.
§ 101.15 – Food; prominence of required statements.
§ 101.17 – Food labeling warning, notice, and safe handling statements.
§ 101.18 – Misbranding of food.
§ 101.22 – Foods; labeling of spices, flavorings, colorings and chemical preservatives.
§ 101.30 – Percentage juice declaration for foods purporting to be beverages that contain fruit or vegetable juice.
§ 101.36 – Nutrition labeling of dietary supplements.
§ 101.42 – Nutrition labeling of raw fruit, vegetables, and fish.
§ 101.43 – Substantial compliance of food retailers with the guidelines for the voluntary nutrition labeling of raw fruit, vegetables, and fish.
§ 101.44 – What are the 20 most frequently consumed raw fruits, vegetables, and fish in the United States?
§ 101.45 – Guidelines for the voluntary nutrition labeling of raw fruits, vegetables, and fish.
§ 101.60 – Nutrient content claims for the calorie content of foods.
§ 101.61 – Nutrient content claims for the sodium content of foods.
§ 101.62 – Nutrient content claims for fat, fatty acid, and cholesterol content of foods.
§ 101.65 – Implied nutrient content claims and related label statements.
§ 101.67 – Use of nutrient content claims for butter.
§ 101.69 – Petitions for nutrient content claims.
§ 101.70 – Petitions for health claims.
§ 101.71 – Health claims: claims not authorized.
§ 101.72 – Health claims: calcium, vitamin D, and osteoporosis.
§ 101.73 – Health claims: dietary lipids and cancer.
§ 101.74 – Health claims: sodium and hypertension.
§ 101.75 – Health claims: dietary saturated fat and cholesterol and risk of coronary heart disease.
§ 101.76 – Health claims: fiber-containing grain products, fruits, and vegetables and cancer.
§ 101.77 – Health claims: fruits, vegetables, and grain products that contain fiber, particularly soluble fiber, and risk of coronary heart disease.
§ 101.78 – Health claims: fruits and vegetables and cancer.
§ 101.79 – Health claims: Folate and neural tube defects.
§ 101.80 – Health claims: dietary noncariogenic carbohydrate sweeteners and dental caries.
§ 101.81 – Health claims: Soluble fiber from certain foods and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
§ 101.82 – Health claims: Soy protein and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
§ 101.83 – Health claims: plant sterol/stanol esters and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
§ 101.91 – Gluten-free labeling of food.
§ 101.93 – Certain types of statements for dietary supplements.
§ 101.100 – Food; exemptions from labeling.
§ 101.105 – Declaration of net quantity of contents when exempt.
§ 101.108 – Temporary exemptions for purposes of conducting authorized food labeling experiments.


WARDEN GERALDINE D. COHEN, et al., Defendants.
At this time, the Court must review Plaintiff's Complaint, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2), to determine whether it should be dismissed as frivolous or malicious, for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or because it seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. For the reasons set forth below, the Court concludes that Plaintiff's Complaint will be dismissed with prejudice as against Defendant State of New Jersey and will be dismissed without prejudice as against all other defendants.
Plaintiff brings this civil rights action, pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, against the following defendants: (1) Geraldine D. Cohen, Warden of Atlantic County Justice Facility (“ACJF”); (2) Atlantic County Freeholder Frank Formica; (3) Atlantic County Executive Dennis Levinson; and (4) the State of New Jersey.
District courts must review complaints in those civil actions in which a person is proceeding in forma pauperis. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). This statute directs district courts to sua sponte dismiss any claim that is frivolous, is malicious, fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. Id. This action is subject to sua sponte screening for dismissal under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B) because Plaintiff is proceeding as indigent.
According to the Supreme Court's decision in Ashcroft v. Iqbal, “a pleading that offers ‘labels or conclusions' or ‘a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do.'” 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). To survive sua sponte screening for failure to state a claim,  the complaint must allege “sufficient factual matter” to show that the claim is facially plausible. Fowler v. UPMC Shadyside, 578 F.3d 203, 210 (3d Cir. 2009) (citation omitted). “A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Belmont v. MB Inv. Partners, Inc., 708 F.3d 470, 483 n.17 (3d Cir. 2012) (quoting Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678); see also Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679 (2009) (“Determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for relief [is] a context-specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense.”).
Moreover, while pro se pleadings are liberally construed, “pro se litigants still must allege sufficient facts in their complaints to support a claim.” Mala v. Crown Bay Marina, Inc., 704 F.3d 239, 245 (3d Cir. 2013) (citation omitted).


Show business and Art19. The news broke last week that 21st Century Fox, one of the Murdoch empire’s many tentacles, has invested in an upcoming podcast network called Wondery. The network is headed up by one Hernan Lopez, who was the CEO of Fox International Channels until recently, when the corporation’s globally focused programming unit was restructured out of existence.
The size of Fox’s investment is unclear, though you can draw your own conclusions from a Bloomberg report stating the network “has more than $1 million to work with,” a sum that reportedly comes from both the investment and Lopez’s own money. What exactly will make up Wondery’s future content offerings is anybody’s guess, with The Hollywood Reporter offering broad strokes that the network will “create and curate original, scripted, and unscripted programming.” I’m going to go out on a limb here and say that “curate” is roughly a synonym for content acquisition, so if there are any podcasters out in the audience, ready your pitches.
One thing you should note about Wondery is its partnership with California-based tech company Art19, which Variety notes will help the network with “distribution infrastructure and dynamic ad insertion.” Yep, dynamic ad insertion — it’s a direct competitor to Acast, Panoply, and the solutions currently adopted by public radio stations like WNYC and WBEZ that we often discuss in this column.
Long-time podcast watchers will know that Art19 has been around for a while. (There’s a handy Daily Dot article from 2012 that serves as a great snapshot of the company at the time.) Art19 is responsible for powering pods like those coming out of the Feral Audio network — home of Harmontown! — and DGital Media‘s Comedy Voices Network.
The company was founded in 2011, when it envisioned itself as an end-to-end services provider offering everything from ad sales support to distribution. “When we first designed this company, we thought we had to do everything,” Art19 co-founder and CEO Sean Carr told me. This was a function of there simply being not enough players attacking other problems in the space around the same time. It’s hard to focus on a specific problem when there’s no ecosystem of effort to begin with.
In recent years, as more money and more companies flowed into the space, Art19 began to focus on being a technology company. Its core product involves publishing tools akin to Soundcloud and LibSyn, which will allow — as we’ve discussed — for dynamic ad insertion and ad-serving technology reminiscent of AdsWizz.
Eventually, the company plans to take on measurement and discovery. With regard to the former, Carr referred to shifting podcasting out of RSS feeds and into API-connected services, and talked a bit about something his team is calling “Art19DB,” or the IMDB for audio. There’s quite a bit to this, but I’ll let your imagination roam free here for now.
So that’s Art19, a technology that I’ve long overlooked but shouldn’t have. I have a feeling we’re going to hear quite a bit from them in the months to come.
Anyway, back to Wondery: what, exactly, are we seeing here? What’s particularly interesting about Lopez is his background in large-scale entertainment media operations — this is certainly a man oriented toward growth and scale, with considerable history in both departments. But how does that relate to the current podcasting landscape? My gut thinks we’re bound to see something closer to CBS’s Play.it network than a more bespoke operation like Gimlet or Radiotopia: a reliance on public personalities, talk radio formats, and higher content volumes; less a cultivation of new audio aesthetics, and more the adaptation of existing radio programming. That may well be a good thing, as such a genre opens itself up to be an entry point for a different kind of audience.
The Wondery website is scheduled to go live sometime this week. As for its shows, Variety notes that the company’s goal is to roll out its first offering by spring, while Bloomberg pegs those plans closer to summer.
Other fronts in audio innovation. I’ve been thinking a lot more about Amazon lately. Not in relation to Audible, mind you — although I do think a lot about that company, its subscription model, and its already robust audience penetration base — but rather, about the Amazon Echo. In case you’re unfamiliar with the thing, the Echo is a tubular object that’s a sly cross between a wireless speaker and a voice-controlled computer. It’s fairly futuristic in conceit; you can ask the Echo to describe the weather, to play your local public radio station, to make grocery lists. It’s a non-traditional way to interface with the Internet — not through keyboard, mouse, and monitor, but through structured conversation.
Recently, Amazon announced that it’s going to release a portable, smaller, cheaper version of the Echo. It was also revealed that the Echo is now able to read your Kindle books aloud, although navigation and the overall experience are limited for now.
So far, the bulk of conversation about technological solutions to podcast discovery and expansion have largely revolved around conversations about social: audio virality (or lack thereof), Facebook’s experiments with NPR, clipping and shareability (which seemed to dominate the This American Life audio hackathon last year). But what if audio shareability, a concern about the dynamics of how audio moves through the digital media ecosystem, is absolute peanuts compared to concerns about structures, availabilities/accessibilities, and hardware? After all, as we’ve discussed in the past, one of podcasting’s major and unambiguous tipping points was Apple’s decision to include the native Podcast app on the iPhone by default in the iOS8 update.
I’m not advocating that we pull back from further explorations in social audio. Rather, I think there are other, perhaps even better, fronts to pursue: re-examining the way in which we control and interface with audio in our mobile devices, expanding access points, thinking beyond headphones.
One more thing: in mid-2015, Amazon announced the creation of a $100 million fund to support innovations in artificial intelligence for the Echo. It’s called the “Alexa Fund” (Alexa, by the way, is the Echo’s version of the Apple AI avatar Siri), and the fund is principally concerned with natural language recognition.
When I first heard this news — initially through a rumor, then through the email from the Serial team — I wasn’t really sure what I was looking at. Was this an expression of extreme confidence in the audience’s capacity for patience, or some sort of editorial miscalculation?
The second season of Serial has so far struck me as more than a little frustrating. That’s not so much due to the reporting — indeed, the show’s performance remains technically impeccable, and perhaps my frustration is a result of me missing some sort of point. But there’s something about this season that feels as if the show is taking its audience, and all the goodwill it gained (perhaps accidentally) rolling off the first season, for granted. Perhaps it’s the almost leisurely pace of the early episodes — despite the intense and painful pictures they paint — or perhaps it’s the absence of a clear central gambit that goes beyond psychological exploration.
The show’s creators have signaled that the stakes, and the scope, will greatly expand at some point, and I’m looking forward to that, but the decision to further stretch out the release schedule (for good journalistic reason, I’m sure) suggests an assumption that we will return, that we will continue caring over the long-term.
More presidential election podcasts. In the last edition of Hot Pod, I talked a bit about a suite of relatively new journalistic podcasts that are topically pegged to the current 2016 presidential election cycle. I guess I was on to something, because the past week saw the Huffington Post and Bloomberg Politics launch election-related — or election-adjacent — shows of their own. The new HuffPo show is called “Candidate Confessional,” and it will feature interviews with politicians who’ve run for office, presidential and otherwise, but ultimately lost. (Among the interviewed: one Michelle Bachmann, in case you’re somehow nostalgic for 2012.) For more information about the podcast, here’s Poynter with a write-up.
The two new Bloomberg Politics podcasts are called “Masters in Politics” and “Culture Caucus,” and they’re due to be published on a bi-weekly basis. Interestingly, they extend Bloomberg’s already long list of existing podcasts, which I never knew existed until I started digging into this item a few days ago. Where did these come from? I have no idea how much of a listenership all those podcasts have, but as with most things related to Bloomberg Media, I’ve stopped trying to understand how any of it works because there’s too much money and sometimes the media business makes no sense (#NYValues). In any case, the official Bloomberg announcement post mentioned that the podcasts are available on the Bloomberg Terminal in addition to iTunes and Soundcloud, which I guess is as exclusive a distribution point as you’re ever going to get.


text:
The protection of your privacy is important to us! We would therefore like to use the following information to inform you about how we handle your data that is collected when using our Internet offers as well as during usage of our mobile Werder applications.
We only collect and use personal data of our users insofar necessary to provide a functional website as well as our content and services. If this is not the case, personal data will only be used with the consent of the user on a regular basis. An exception applies in such cases where prior consent cannot possibly be obtained and the processing of the data is permitted by law.
Insofar as we obtain the consent of personal data of the affected individual for the processing of personal data, Article 6(1)(a) of the Basic EU Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will serve as the legal basis. For the processing of personal data necessary for the performance of a contract, of which the data subject is a part, Article 6(1)(b) GDPR serves as the legal basis. This also applies to processing operations that are necessary for the implementation of pre-contractual measures. Insofar as the processing of personal data is necessary to fulfil a legal obligation to which our company is subject, Article 6 paragraph 1 lit. c GDPR serves as the legal basis. In the event that the vital interests of the data subject or another individual requires the processing of personal data, Article 6(1)(d) of the GDPR serves as the legal basis. If processing is necessary to protect a justified interest of our company or a third party and if the interests, fundamental rights and freedoms of the data subject do not outweigh the former interest, Article 6(1)(f) GDPR serves as the legal basis for processing. The legitimate interest of our company lies in the performance of our business activities.
WERDER processes and stores the personal data of the data subject only for as long as it is necessary for storage purposes. Furthermore, data may be stored insofar as this has been specified by the European or national legislator in EU regulations, laws or other rules to which the person responsible for the processing is subject. As soon as the storage purpose ceases to apply or a storage period prescribed by the aforementioned regulations expires, the personal data is routinely blocked or deleted.
We take all reasonable technical and organizational precautions to protect your information. All webpages that request sensitive information from you are encrypted before being transmitted to us. This provides the best possible protection against unauthorized access.
When you visit a page of our website, by default our web server collects the name of the retrieved file, the date and time of access, the amount of data transferred, and any error messages.
The processing of data serves to deliver the content of our website, in order to guarantee the functionality of our information technology systems and to optimize our website. The data of the log files are always stored separately from other personal data of the users.
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To make the use of our webpages more comfortable for our customers, our site uses the analytics and advertising tools Google Analytics (including the Universal Analytics features) and DoubleClick by Google, created by Google Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043 ("Google").
b) How Do the Tools Work?
Google Analytics uses "cookies" (see Section 1), which are stored on your computer. These cookies enable us to analyze your use of our website.
Universal Analytics allows us to analyze activities on our websites across devices (for example, if you access our site by computer and later by smartphone). It does so by assigning a pseudonym to the user, rather than to the device. The pseudonym is a "User ID," a unique sequence of numbers that is not personally identifiable. You are assigned a User ID when you register at werder.de or when you log into your existing customer account. Google only receives the User ID and the usage data associated with the User ID. As a result, it impossible to attribute the usage data to a specific person.
c) What Happens to My Information?
The information collected by these applications is transmitted to a Google server in the USA and stored there. Google uses this information on our behalf to evaluate your use of the website, to compile reports on website activities, and to provide us, as the website operator, with additional services related to website and Internet usage. Google does not merge the information transmitted from your browser in connection with these Google services with any other data. In order to enhance the protection of your information, we use Google Analytics and Universal Analytics with the extension “_anonymizeIp().” This extension processes IP addresses only in an abbreviated form to prevent any of your information from being traced directly to you.
d) How Can I Prevent My Information from Being Collected and Processed?
You can prevent cookies from being stored by adjusting the relevant settings on your browser. However, please be advised that if you opt out of using cookies, you may not be able to use all of the features of this website.
In order to evaluate and optimize our online advertising, our website uses the "conversion tracking" feature of the advertising program Google AdWords. This feature lets us identify whether users access our website through Google ads and, if so, how many users access us this way. When you click on a Google ad, Google places a "conversion cookie" on your device. This cookie has a 30-day "lifetime." If a user accesses one of our webpages through our Google ad within these 30 days, Google identifies which ad brought the visitor to our site and shares this information with us. Personal information that could be used to identify individual visitors is not collected. We only receive a statistical analysis of the total number of users who clicked on our ads and were directed to our site.
With this service, we as well as Facebook can keep track of the user’s actions after they have clicked on a Facebook advertisement. This way, we can analyze the effectiveness of Facebook advertisements for statistical and marketing research purposes with the aim of optimizing advertisement activities.
The collected data is kept anonymously which means we cannot trace the identity of the user. However, the data will be saved by Facebook, so Facebook can bring a connection between the advertisement and the user profile. Facebook will use this information for their advertisement purposes, according to the Facebook record usage policy (https://www.facebook.com/about/privacy)/). You can allow Facebook as well as their partner organizations the display of advertisements on and off of the Facebook page. A cookie can be installed on your computer for this purpose.
We only implement a Facebook pixel with your personal consent. This consent for implementing the custom audience pixel can only be given by users who are older than 13 years. In case you are younger than 13 years, we kindly request you to ask your legal guardian for their consent. You can revoke your consent any time.
Please click the following button if you want to revoke your consent.
Facebook uses its "Facebook Insights" service on our Facebook pages. If you consent to tracking on our website by opting in, your data will be collected for our Facebook fan page. You may exercise your rights towards Facebook Ireland and WERDER. The primary responsibility according to DS-GVO for the processing of Insights data lies with Facebook. Facebook fulfils all obligations under the DS-GVO with regard to the processing of Insights data and makes the essence of Page Insights available to individuals concerned with their data. WERDER makes no decisions regarding the processing of Insights data and other information resulting from Art. 13 DSGVO, including legal basis, identity of the person responsible and storage period of cookies on user terminals.
For more information about the Page Insights additions regarding the responsible party at Facebook please click this link.
Personal data is information about you which allows conclusions to be drawn about your identity or which directly or indirectly refers to you, e.g. your name, your address or your telephone number. Information which does not allow conclusions to be drawn about a specific or identifiable person is not included.
If you register on the WERDER website by providing personal data, the data will be transmitted to WERDER in the respective input form. The data is stored exclusively for the purpose of internal use at WERDER. During registration, the IP address of the user and the date and time of registration are stored in addition to the data mentioned below. This serves to prevent misuse of services. The data will not be passed on to third parties. An exception applies if there is a legal obligation to disclose.
Registered persons have the possibility to delete or modify the stored data at any time. The affected person will receive information about the personal data stored about him or her at any time. Registration is based on our legitimate interests. With the possibility to register, we can offer our visitors the comfort to log in again regularly and to store the data permanently.
a) What Information Do We Collect and How Do We Use It?
For your registration, we need certain information from you, such as your name, address, date of birth, email address, and a username. The fields that must be filled out for registration are marked as mandatory in the login menu. Other information (such as your cell phone number) is optional. We store and use the information you provide only to render the services requested by you, such as for ticket sales, WerderTV subscriptions, or purchases in our store.
For certain paid services, we also require bank or credit card data. We only store your bank details if payment is made by direct debit. If you choose to pay with a credit card, we need your credit card information. Credit card information is not collected by us. It is collected directly and exclusively by the payment service providers commissioned by us, which specialize in online transactions. This way, you can shop with confidence.
c) Can I Buy Something from the Fanshop Without Registering?
You must register before you can purchase anything in our Fanshop. The information we collect to process the purchase is not stored in the central database (see Section 3). It is only collected and stored in the store system.
You can also register on our website by entering your Verimi service registration details. By registering with this service, your registration data will be transmitted to us.
Registration with Verimi requires that you have set up a Verimi user account.
Verimi and Werder have mutually committed to comply with data protection regulations and to maintain a high level of security.
a) What data do we collect and for what purpose?
First and last name, address (street, house number, postal code, town), date of birth, date of joining the association, department and, if applicable, team membership, bank details, if applicable, the names and contact details of the legal representatives, telephone number, e-mail addresses, if applicable, function in the association, household and family membership if applicable when allocated to the family contribution, health data.
To fulfil your claims or to assert any claims against you.
As part of the public relations work on club activities, personal data is published in notices, in the club newspaper and on websites and passed on to the press.
Age or year of birth.
The publication of personal data on the Internet or in local, regional or national print media is carried out to safeguard the legitimate interests of the association (cf. Article 6 para. 1 lit. f) DSGVO). The legitimate interest of the club is to inform the public by reporting on the activities of the club. In this context, personal data, including pictures of the participants, are published, for example, in the context of reporting on sporting events of the club.
The publication of photos and videos, which were made outside of public events, takes place exclusively on the basis of the consent of the persons depicted.
On the club website the data of the members of the board, the heads of department and the trainers will be published with first name, surname, function, e-mail address and telephone number.
The list of members or participants are made available to the respective employees of the club (e.g. board members, department heads, and trainers) to the extent required by the respective task. When it comes to the extent of the personal data used, we will follow the guideline of minimal use of data.
Personal data of members may only be passed on to other club members with the consent of the person concerned. The use of participant lists, in which the participants of meetings and other events register for example as proof of attendance, is not regarded as such a publication.
you have given your express consent pursuant to Art. 6 para. 1 sentence 1 lit. a DSGVO, the disclosure pursuant to Art. 6 para. 1 sentence 1 lit. f DSGVO is necessary for the assertion, exercise or defense of legal claims and there is no reason to assume that you have an overriding legitimate interest in the non-disclosure of your data, for the disclosure pursuant to Art. 6 para. 1 sentence 1 lit. a DSGVO is necessary for the disclosure of your data pursuant to Art. 6 para. 1 sentence 1 lit. f DSGVO. 6 para. 1 sentence 1 lit. c DSGVO, this is legally permissible and required according to Art. 6 para. 1 sentence 1 lit. b DSGVO for the implementation of your membership.
Debt collection companies and lawyers for the purpose of asserting any claims.
Your data will not be passed on to third parties for advertising purposes.
When you register with us, we store the information that we collect in a central database, which is operated by SV Werder Bremen GmbH & Co KG aA. All companies in the WERDER BREMEN Group use the database to provide services.
Sport - Verein „WERDER" von 1899 e.V.
b) Why Is the Information Stored Centrally?
Our online services are based on a client system that is used by all companies of the WERDER BREMEN Group, which can access the central database through the system. This system enables us to render services more economically and more effectively, provide better data protection from third parties, and avoid duplicate records. It also makes our system more user-friendly for you. You only need one user account to access all WERDER services. When you create one profile with a username and password, you can also use it for other types of services.
If you would like to purchase products or services from WERDER in the fan shop, you must provide certain details. We require your name, your address, your e-mail address and your date of birth to process the contracts you have entered into with WERDER. Further information is voluntary.
information. However, this credit card data is not collected by us, but directly and exclusively via the payment service providers commissioned by us and specialized in online transactions. This also applies to payment providers such as PayPal and direct deposit. As soon as you select this, you will be redirected to the respective page, where other data protection regulations may apply. These can be found in the specific respective data protection regulations of each provider.
A purchase in our fanshop is possible with or without registration. The data collected by us to process purchases is not stored in the central database (see section 3), but only recorded and stored in the shop system in order to fulfil our contract with you.
If you ordered goods from WERDER that are to be delivered to you, we will pass on your name and address to the respective delivery service. This is done so that the product arrives safely with you and the contract between you and Werder can be fulfilled.
If you subscribe to the WERDER newsletter, the data will be transmitted in the corresponding input page to the person responsible for processing. When registering for the newsletter, the IP address of the user and the date as well as time of registration are stored. This serves to prevent misuse of the services or the e-mail address of the person concerned. The data will not be passed on to third parties. An exception exists if there is a legal obligation to disclose the information. The data will be used exclusively for sending the newsletter. The newsletter will be sent on the basis of your consent (Art. 6 para. 1 sentence 1 lit. a) DS-GMO).
"Herewith I agree that one of the organizations of Werder Bremen will send me e-mails to the e-mail address given by me for the purpose of sending me information about SV Werder Bremen. The organizations of Werder Bremen are: Sports-Verein "WERDER" of 1899 e.V., SV Werder Bremen GmbH & Co KG aA, Werder Bremen Fan-Service GmbH. I have the right to revoke this consent at any time with effect for the future. I have taken note of the data protection declaration with further information on data processing."
You can revoke this consent at any time in the future by unsubscribing from the newsletter. To do this, go to www.werder.de after signing on with your user profile to "My data" and unsubscribe from the newsletter or click on the unsubscribe link "Unsubscribe from this newsletter" at the bottom of the newsletter. You will then be automatically removed from the mailing list.
The registration for our newsletter occurs with a so-called ‘’double opt-in’’ procedure. This means that after registration you will receive an e-mail asking you to confirm your registration. The time of registration and confirmation as well as the IP address are stored as proof of registration for the newsletter.
The statistical survey, analysis and recording of the notification procedure is based on justified interest (Art. 6 para. 1 sentence 1 lit. f DS-GMO). The legitimate interest here is in the proper and correct execution of dispatching e-mails.
We only store the e-mail address you have provided when subscribing to the newsletter for as long as you have subscribed to the newsletter. As soon as you have unsubscribed from the newsletter, we will delete your e-mail address.
If you have expressly consented to the use of your personal information (especially including your email address) by the companies of the WERDER BREMEN Group for advertising and marketing purposes, your information may also be transmitted within the WERDER BREMEN Group (see above, Section 3 a) and used to provide information on membership and promotions, as well as for offers by WERDER sponsors. Your information is not disclosed to third parties outside of the WERDER BREMEN Group. You can revoke your consent at any time. In each of our marketing materials, we include a specific notice reminding you that you may choose to opt out.
Your data will not be passed on to third parties for advertising purposes of third parties, unless you have given your consent in accordance with section 7.
No personal information is collected when the WERDER CARD is issued. The card is issued "anonymously."
Your personal information is not collected if you pay cash to load funds onto your card. The chip on the card only stores information on the amount paid to load the card. This amount is applied as credit to the card with the specified card number.
If you use your EC or credit card to load funds onto your WERDER CARD at one of our recharging points, the information from your card is sent directly to the relevant payment service provider. We do not store card information. If the amount applied to the card is accepted, it is stored on the chip of your WERDER CARD.
If you reload your WERDER CARD online at werder.de, the information provided by you is not stored by us. It is sent directly to the relevant payment service provider.
The purchases made with the WERDER CARD cannot be traced to any specific person.
Parts of our website may include Share buttons for the social networking sites Facebook, Twitter, and Google+ ("networks"). The Share buttons can be identified by the Share icon, which is displayed next to the word "SHARE." When you click on this button, icons for the three networks appear.
In order to protect your personal information as well as possible, the Share buttons integrated into our site are only activated when you click on the icon for one of the networks. A connection to a social networking server is established only after you have clicked on the corresponding network icon. If you simply access or visit our site, none of your information is transferred.
When you click on a button, your browser establishes a direct connection to the server of the network operator. The operator transfers the content of the Share button directly to your browser and embeds it on the website. This informs the network operator that you have accessed a specific page of our website. If you are logged into the relevant network at the same time, the visit to our website can be associated with your account. If you want to prevent this association, you should log out of the network before clicking on the Share button.
By clicking on the respective share button you agree that your user data and, if applicable, your profile data of the respective social network (if you are logged in at that time) will be transmitted and will be forwarded to the USA [RBF6].
On the website www.werder.de there is a contact form that can be used for electronic contact. To use the contact form, enter your name, e-mail address, subject and message so that we can process and respond to your inquiry accordingly. You can also optionally enter your membership number so that we can better assign you to an existing account. The provision of a contact form serves our interests, as it gives us more opportunities to get in touch with you. Alternatively, you can contact us via the e-mail address provided. If the data subject contacts the security officer through one of these channels, the personal data transmitted by the data subject shall be stored automatically. This data is stored solely for the purpose of processing or contacting the person concerned. The data will not be passed on to third parties. The data is used on the basis of our legitimate interests (Art. 6 Par. 1 S. 1 lit f. DS-GMO). We are interested in providing our visitors with as many contact channels as possible and answering them quickly.
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The use of these e-mail addresses for applications serves our legitimate interests to create another way of submitting applications and to address a broader field of potential applicants. Alternatively, you can also send us your written application by mail. The storage of the data collected serves solely to conduct the application process. The maximum storage period is 6 months from the end of the application process. The data will only be passed on to third parties within the framework as described in section 8. Unsolicited applications received electronically (by e-mail) will be deleted immediately upon receipt. However, we reserve the right to save application documents for possible contact for up to 12 months if our legitimate interests indicate that a position may be considered for the specific application within this period. By sending the unsolicited application, you also declare your consent to this storage. You are entitled to revoke your consent to the storage at any time at the e-mail address personal@werder.de. Applications sent by mail to Werder Bremen Fan-Service GmbH will be returned to the applicants at the end of the application process.
the existence of automated decision-making, including profiling in accordance with Article 22(1) and (4) DS-GMO and - at least in these cases - relevant information on the logic involved and the scope and intended effects of such processing for the data subject.
You have the right to request information as to whether the personal data concerning you is transferred to a third country or to an international organization. In this context, you may request to be informed of the appropriate guarantees in accordance with Art. 46 DS-GMO in connection with the transmission of such data.
You have a right of correction and/or completion vis-à-vis the responsible party if the personal data processed concerning you is incorrect or incomplete. WERDER will make the correction without delay.
if you have lodged an appeal against the processing pursuant to Art. 21 para. 1 DS-GMO and it is not yet clear whether the legitimate reasons of the person responsible outweigh your reasons.
If the processing of personal data concerning you has been restricted, such data may only be processed - apart from being stored - with your consent or for the purpose of asserting, exercising or defending rights or protecting the rights of another individual or legal person or on grounds of an important public interest of the Union or of a Member State.
You revoke your consent on which the processing was based pursuant to Art. 6 para. 1 lit. a or Art. 9 para. 2 lit. a DS-GMO, and there is no other legal basis for the processing.
You file an objection against the processing pursuant to Art. 21 para. 1 DS-GMO and there are no overriding legitimate grounds for processing or you file an objection against the processing pursuant to Art. 21 para. 2 DS-GMO.
The personal data concerning you has been collected in relation to information society services offered in accordance with Art. 8 para. 1 DS-GMO.
14.4.2 If WERDER has made the personal data concerning you public, then WERDER is obliged to delete it in accordance with Art. 17 Para. 1 DS-GMO, WERDER, taking into account the available technology, and measures appropriate to the implementation costs, including technical measures, to inform data processors who process the personal data that you, as the data subject, have requested the deletion of all links to this personal data or of copies or replications of this personal data.
If you have exercised your right to have the data controller correct, delete or limit the processing, the person responsible is obliged to inform all recipients with whom the personal data concerns or has been disclosed of this correction or deletion of the data or restriction on processing, unless this proves impossible or involves a disproportionate effort.
You have the right, vis-à-vis WERDER, to be informed about these recipients.
You have the right to object at any time, for reasons arising from your particular situation, to the processing of personal data concerning you on the basis of Article 6(1)(e) or (f) DS-GMO; this also applies to profiling based on these provisions. WERDER will no longer process personal data concerning you, unless WERDER can prove compelling reasons worthy of protection for the processing which outweigh your interests, rights and freedoms or the processing serves to assert, exercise or defend legal claims. If the personal data concerning you is processed for direct marketing purposes, you have the right to object at any time to the processing of the personal data concerning you for the purpose of such advertising; this also applies to profiling in so far as it is connected with such direct advertising. If you object to the processing for direct marketing purposes, the personal data concerning you will no longer be processed for these purposes.
However, these decisions may not be based on special categories of personal data pursuant to Art. 9 para. 1 DS-GMO, unless Art. 9 para. 2 lit. a or g applies and appropriate measures have been met to protect your rights and freedoms and your legitimate interests.
With regard to the cases mentioned in a. and c., WERDER will take appropriate measures to protect the rights and freedoms as well as your legitimate interests, including at a minimum the right to obtain the intervention of a person by the person responsible, to state his own position and to challenge the decision.
Regardless of any other administrative or judicial assistance, you have the right of appeal to a regulatory authority, in particular in the member state in which you reside, your location of work or the location of possible infringement, should you believe that the processing of personal data concerning you violates the GDPR.
The regulatory authority to which the complaint has been submitted shall inform the person who filed the complaint of the status and results of the complaint, including the possibility of a judicial assistance under Article 78 GDPR.

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The below list of U.S. states and territories indicates whether a notary public in that jurisdiction is required to validate notarial acts by affixing an official seal. The list also includes the source where the Texas secretary of state obtained the information for each state or territory.
NOTE: The secretary of state’s office compiled this information for purposes of complying with § 405.019, Government Code. Based on our research, we believe this information to be current as of December 2010. This information should not be relied on in determining the legal requirements of a particular jurisdiction. If you have any questions, corrections or updates in connection with this list, contact Notary Public Unit, at (512) 463-5705.
Source: Ala. Code § 36-20-32. Seal.
For the authentication of his official acts, each such notary must provide a seal of office which must present, by its impression, his name, office and the state for which he was appointed.
Source: Alaska Stat. § 44.50.064. Official seal.
(a) A notary public shall keep an official seal, which is the exclusive property of the notary public, and shall ensure that another person does not possess or use the official seal.
(2) may be a circular form not over two inches in diameter, may be a rectangular form not more than one inch in width by two and one-half inches in length, or may be an electronic form as authorized by regulations adopted by the lieutenant governor.
Source: American Samoa Notary Public Handbook (PDF); See also Am. Somoa Code Ann. §31.0301 et seq.
(a) A notary shall keep an official seal that is the exclusive property of the notary. The seal shall not be possessed or used by any other person, nor surrendered to an employer upon termination of employment.
(b) An image of the official seal shall be affixed by the notary on every paper document notarized.
(c) An image of the seal shall be affixed only at the time the notarial act is performed.
(d) When not in use, the seal shall be kept secure and accessible only to the notary.
number which shall be recorded in the journal of notarial acts for its respective notarization.
(f) Within 10 days after the seal of a notary is stolen, lost, damaged, or otherwise rendered incapable of affixing a legible image, the notary, after informing the appropriate law enforcement agency in the case of theft or vandalism, shall notify the Secretary by any means providing a tangible receipt or acknowledgment, including certified mail and electronic transmission, and also provide a copy or number of any pertinent police report. Upon receipt of such notice the Secretary shall issue to the notary a new Certificate of Authorization to Purchase a Notary Seal, which shall be presented to a seal vendor in accordance with section 31.0341.
(g) As soon as reasonably practicable after resignation, revocation, or expiration of a notary commission, or death of the notary, the seal shall be destroyed or defaced so that it may not be misused.
(5) a border in a rectangular shape no larger than 1 inch by 2 inches, surrounding the required words.
(b) Illegible information within a seal impression may be typed or printed legibly by the notary adjacent to but not within the impression.
(c) An embossed seal impression that is not photographically reproducible may be used in addition to but not in lieu of the seal described in subsection (a).
…B. Notaries public shall:…3. Authenticate with the official seal all official acts on every certificate or acknowledgment signed and sealed by the notary.
…(B) A notary public’s official seal may be any shape and shall produce a stamped seal that is no more than one and one-half inches high and two and one-half inches wide. A notary public may possess only one official seal but may also possess and use an embossing seal that may be used only in conjunction with the notary public’s official seal. An embossing seal is not an official seal of a notary public.
Source: Ark. Code Ann. § 21-14-107(b)-(c). Signature – Seal.
…(b)(1) Under or near a notary public’s official signature on every notary certificate, the notary public shall provide a seal of his or her office, which shall be either a rubber stamp seal or a seal embosser. The seal shall be clear and legible and capable of photographic reproduction.
(E) The notary public’s commission number issued by the Secretary of State if the notary public has been issued a commission number.
(c) A notary seal shall not include the Seal of the State of Arkansas or an outline of the state.
A notary public shall provide and keep an official seal, which shall clearly show, when embossed, stamped, impressed or affixed to a document, the name of the notary, the State Seal, the words "Notary Public," and the name of the county wherein the bond and oath of office are filed, and the date the notary public's commission expires. The seal of every notary public commissioned on or after January 1, 1992, shall contain the sequential identification number assigned to the notary and the sequential identification number assigned to the manufacturer or vendor. The notary public shall authenticate with the official seal all official acts. … The seal of every notary public shall be affixed by a seal press or stamp that will print or emboss a seal which legibly reproduces under photographic methods the required elements of the seal. The seal may be circular not over two inches in diameter, or may be a rectangular form of not more than one inch in width by two and one-half inches in length, with a serrated or milled edged border, and shall contain the information required by this section.
Source: Colo. Rev. Stat. § 12-55-112. Official signature - rubber stamp seal - seal embosser - notary's electronic signature.
(1) At the time of notarization, a notary public shall sign such notary’s official signature on every notary certificate or in the case of an electronic record, a notary public shall affix his or her electronic signature.
(2) Under or near such notary’s official signature on every notary certificate, a notary public shall rubber stamp or emboss clearly and legibly such notary’s official seal. The official notary seal shall contain only the outline of the seal, the name of the notary, exactly as such notary writes his or her official signature, the words “STATE OF COLORADO”, and the words “NOTARY PUBLIC”.
(3) Under or near such notary’s official signature on every notary certificate, a notary public shall write or stamp “my commission expires (commission expiration date)”.
(4) Every notary public may provide, keep, and use a seal embosser engraved to show such notary’s name and the words “NOTARY PUBLIC” and “STATE OF COLORADO”. The indentations made by the seal embosser shall not be applied on the document where the notary certificate appears in a manner that will render illegible or incapable of photographic reproduction any of the printed marks or writing.
(b) The notary attaches to the document a document authentication number issued by the secretary of state.
(5) The illegibility of any of the information required by this section does not affect the validity of a document or transaction.
No seal required, but specific requirements if choose to use one.
Source: Conn. Gen. Stat. § 3-94k. Notarial certificate. Notarial seal. Stamp.
If a notary public utilizes a notarial seal, the notary shall, near the notary’s official signature on a notarial certificate, affix an impression of the notarial seal, which shall include: (1) The notary's name exactly as it appears on the notary’s certificate of appointment, (2) the words “Notary Public” and “Connecticut” and (3) the words “My commission expires (commission expiration date)”, provided the notary may elect to have the words in subdivision (3) appear on a stamp instead of such seal. If the notary does not utilize a notarial seal or stamp, the words “Notary Public” and “My commission expires (commission expiration date)” shall be typed or printed legibly by the notary near the notary’s official signature on a notarial certificate.
Source: Del. Code Ann. § 4310. Engraving of seal; effect of use of nonconforming seal; electronic notarial seal; notary's official signature; electronic signature.
(b) If the official seal of any notary public is not engraved in conformity with this section, it shall not invalidate an official act, but such act shall be as valid as though the seal had been engraved in conformity with the requirements of this section.
(d) In acting as a notary public, a notary shall sign the notary’s name exactly and only as it appears on the commission, or otherwise execute the notary’s electronic signature in a manner that attributes such signature to the notary public identified on the commission.
(e) The notary’s official electronic seal and signature shall be attached to an electronic document in a manner that is capable of independent verification and prevents any subsequent changes or modifications to the electronic document.
Source: D.C. Code § 1-1204. Seal.
Each notary public shall provide a notarial seal with which he shall authenticate all his official acts.
See also D.C. Code § 1-1205. Filing of signature; depositing impression of seal; certification as to authenticity.
Each notary public shall file his signature and deposit an impression of his official seal with the Mayor of the District of Columbia or his designated agent, and the Mayor or his designated agent may certify to the authenticity of the signature and official seal of the notary public.
Source: Fla. Stat. § 117.05. Use of notary commission; unlawful use; notary fee; seal; duties; employer liability; name change; advertising; photocopies; penalties.
…(3)(a) A notary public seal shall be affixed to all notarized paper documents and shall be of the rubber stamp type and shall include the words “Notary Public-State of Florida.” The seal shall also include the name of the notary public, the date of expiration of the commission of the notary public, and the commission number. The rubber stamp seal must be affixed to the notarized paper document in photographically reproducible black ink. Every notary public shall print, type, or stamp below his or her signature on a paper document his or her name exactly as commissioned. An impression-type seal may be used in addition to the rubber stamp seal, but the rubber stamp seal shall be the official seal for use on a paper document, and the impression-type seal may not be substituted therefor.
(b) Any notary public whose term of appointment extends beyond January 1, 1992, is required to use a rubber stamp type notary public seal on paper documents only upon reappointment on or after January 1, 1992.
Source: Ga. Code Ann. § 45-17-6. Seal of office.
(a)(1) For the authentication of his notarial acts each notary public must provide a seal of office, which seal shall have for its impression his name, the words ‘Notary Public,’ the name of the state, and the county of his residence; or it shall have for its impression his name and the words ‘Notary Public, Georgia, State at Large.’ Notaries commissioned or renewing their commission after July 1, 1985, shall provide a seal of office which shall have for its impression the notary’s name, the words ‘Notary Public,’ the name of the state, and the county of his appointment. The embossment of notarial certificates by the notary’s seal shall be authorized but not necessary, and the use of a rubber or other type stamp shall be sufficient for imprinting the notary’s seal. A scrawl shall not be a sufficient notary seal. An official notarial act must be documented by the notary’s seal.
Source: Guam Code Ann. § 33412. Notarial Seals.
(4) A rectangular border surrounding the required words.
(b) Illegible information within an inked stamp impression of the notarial seal may be typed or printed legibly by the notary adjacent to but not within the impression. The commission expiration date must be an integral part of the inked stamp notarial seal and may not be inserted into the impression.
(c) An embossed seal impression that may be photographically reproducible and which shall contain the words "Notary Public in and for the Territory of Guam, USA," and the notary’s name exactly as indicated on the commission shall be used in addition to but not in lieu of the seal described in subsection (a).
Source: Haw. Rev. Stat. § 456-3. Seal.
Every notary public shall constantly keep an engraved seal of office or a rubber stamp facsimile seal which shall clearly show, when embossed, stamped, or impressed upon a document, the notary's name, and the words, "notary public" and "State of Hawaii". The notary public shall authenticate all the notary's official acts, attestations, certificates, and instruments therewith, and shall always add to an official signature the typed or printed name of the notary and a statement showing the date that the notary's commission expires.
Source: Idaho Code Ann. § 51-106. Seal.
(b) A rubber stamp with a serrated or milled edge border in rectangular or circular form, which contains the same information required for the seal embosser.
(2) Each notary public whose current commission became effective on or after July 1, 1998, shall provide and keep an official seal which shall be a rubber stamp with a serrated or milled edge border in a rectangular or circular form, which includes the words “Notary Public,” the notary public’s name, the words “State of Idaho,” and nothing more.
(3) The seal shall be impressed below or near the notary public’s official signature on each notary certificate which he administers.
Source: Ill. Comp. Stat. § 3-101. Official Seal and Signature.
(4) a serrated or milled edge border in a rectangular form not more than one inch in height by two and one‑half inches in length surrounding the information.
(b) At the time of the notarial act, a notary public shall officially sign every notary certificate and affix the rubber stamp seal clearly and legibly using black ink, so that it is capable of photographic reproduction. The illegibility of any of the information required by this Section does not affect the validity of a transaction.
Source: Ind. Code § 33-42-2-4 Seal; acts void if not attested by seal.
A notary may not act until the notary has procured a seal that will stamp upon paper a distinct impression, in words or letters, sufficiently indicating the notary’s official character, to which may be added any other device as the notary public may choose.
Source: Iowa Code § 9E.6A. Acquisition and use of stamp or seal.
(1) The words “Notarial Seal” and “Iowa”.
(3) The words “Commission Number” followed by a number assigned to the notary public by the secretary of state.
(4) The words “My Commission Expires” followed either by the date that the notary public’s term would ordinarily expire as provided in section 9E.4 or a blank line. If the seal or stamp contains a blank line, the person must print the date that the notary public’s term would ordinarily expire on the blank line imprinted on each document, instrument, or paper subject to a notarial act.
(3) The person’s title under which the person may perform a notarial act under section 9E.10.
Source: Kan. Stat. Ann. § 53-105. Seal; statement of date of expiration of appointment.
Every notary public shall provide a notarial seal containing such notary’s name exactly as it appears on the application for appointment as a notary public, and the words “notary public” and “state of Kansas” or words of like import indicating statewide notarial authority, approved by the secretary of state. Such seal shall authenticate all official acts, attestations and instruments therewith. Every notary public shall add to such notary’s official signature the date of expiration of appointment as a notary public. The seal of every notary public shall be either a seal press and the impression thereof inked or blackened or a rubber stamp to be used with permanent ink so that any such seal may be legibly reproduced by photographic process. No notary public shall use either such seal unless an impression thereof has been filed in the office of secretary of state.
Are Louisiana notaries required to use a seal? A Louisiana notary's signature is his seal.
See also La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 35:1 et seq.; La. Civ. Code Ann. art 1833.
A notary public may keep a seal of office, engraved with the notary public's name exactly as it appears on the notary public's commission, and the words "Notary Public" and "Maine" or its abbreviation "Me.," with the arms of state or such other device as the notary public chooses.
Source: Md. Code Ann., State Gov’t § 18-108. Notary Seal or Stamp.
(a) In general.- A notary public shall provide a public notarial seal or stamp with which the notary shall authenticate the notary's acts, instruments, and attestations, on which seal or stamp shall be shown a device that the notary thinks proper and for legend shall have the name, surname, and office of the notary and the notary's place of residence, which shall be designated by the county of the notary's residence or if the notary is a resident of the City of Baltimore, by the City of Baltimore.
(b) Out-of-state notary.- If the notary is an out-of-state notary, the legend shall have the name, surname, office of the notary, and the county where the notary qualified.
(c) Inclusion of expiration date of commission.- Each notary shall include on each act, instrument, or attestation the expiration date of the notary’s commission as a notary.
Notaries must have and use a stamp or seal. It can be either a black ink stamp, or a seal that makes an indentation on the paper. The stamp or seal must contain: (1) the notary public’s name; (2) the words "notary public," "Commonwealth of Massachusetts" or "Massachusetts," and "my commission expires on" or "my commission expires" or "commission expires" (all of which indicate the commission expiration date); and (3) a facsimile of the great seal of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. If you are a current notary and have a seal that has all of this information except for the expiration date, you may obtain a black ink stamp that has your name and the expiration date. You then would use both the stamp and the seal each time you notarize a document.
Stamp/seal permitted not required; specific contents required, but no requirements for design of stamp.
Source: Mich. Comp. Laws § 55.287. Signature of notary public; statements; stamp, seal, or electronic process; effect of illegible statement.
(1) A notary public shall place his or her signature on every record upon which he or she performs a notarial act. The notary public shall sign his or her name exactly as his or her name appears on his or her application for commission as a notary public.
(a) The name of the notary public exactly as it appears on his or her application for commission as a notary public.
(b) The statement: "Notary public, State of Michigan, County of __________.".
(d) If performing a notarial act in a county other than the county of commission, the statement: "Acting in the County of __________.".
(3) A notary public may use a stamp, seal, or electronic process that contains all of the information required by subsection (2). However, the stamp, seal, or electronic process shall not be used in a manner that renders anything illegible on the record being notarized. An embosser alone or any other method that cannot be reproduced shall not be used.
(4) The illegibility of the statements required in subsection (2) does not affect the validity of the transaction or record that was notarized.
Subdivision 1.Requirement. Every notary, including an ex officio notary under section 358.15, shall obtain an official notarial stamp as specified in subdivision 3, with which to authenticate official acts. The official notarial stamp, and the notary's official journal, are the personal property of the notary and are exempt from execution.
Subd. 2.Validation and legalization of certain instruments.
(a) All instruments heretofore duly made and executed which have been acknowledged before a notary public as provided by law, but the seal or stamp used thereon has engraved on it "notary public," are hereby validated and legalized, and in case such instruments are recorded, the recording is hereby validated and legalized, and all such instruments are validated to the same extent as though properly sealed at the time of their acknowledgment. This subdivision shall not affect any action now pending in any of the courts of this state.
(b) The official notarial stamp required by this section, whether applied to the record physically or electronically, is deemed to be a "seal" for purposes of the admission of a document in court.
Subd. 3.Specifications. The official notarial stamp consists of the seal of the state of Minnesota, the name of the notary as it appears on the commission or the name of the ex officio notary, the words "Notary Public," or "Notarial Officer" in the case of an ex officio notary, and the words "My commission expires ............... (or where applicable) My term is indeterminate," with the expiration date shown on it and must be able to be reproduced in any legibly reproducible manner. The official notarial stamp shall be a rectangular form of not more than three-fourths of an inch vertically by 2-1/2 inches horizontally, with a serrated or milled edge border, and shall contain the information required by this subdivision.
Subd. 4.Notarial stamp may be affixed electronically. The information required by this section may be affixed electronically and shall be logically and securely affixed or associated with the electronic record being notarized.
Source: 1-14 Miss. Code R. § 403.02. Seal Image.
(e) a border in a circular shape with a diameter no less than one and one-half inches and no larger than two and one-half inches, surrounding the required words.
(2) Illegible information within a seal impression may be typed or printed legibly by the notary adjacent to but not within the impression.
(3) An embossed seal impression that is not photographically reproducible may be used in addition to but not in lieu of the seal described in Subsection (1).
(4) The model seals contained in Section 902.07 of the Appendix of Forms meet the seal image requirements of Section 403.02(1). The model seals are merely examples of valid seal formats. Other seal formats that meet the requirements of Section 403.02(1) shall likewise be considered valid.
Source: Mo. Rev. Stat. § 486.285. Seal, contents, form—application—property of notary.
486.285. 1. Each notary public shall provide, keep, and use a seal which is either an engraved embosser seal or a black inked rubber stamp seal to be used on the document being notarized. The seal shall contain the notary's name exactly as indicated on the commission and the words "Notary Seal", "Notary Public", and "State of Missouri" and, after August 28, 2004, the commission number assigned by the secretary of state, provided that the notary public has been issued a commission number by the secretary of state, all of which shall be in print not smaller than eight-point type.
2. The indentations made by the seal embosser or printed by the black inked rubber stamp seal shall not be applied on the notarial certificate or document to be notarized in a manner that will render illegible or incapable of photographic reproduction any of the printed marks or writing on the certificate or document.
3. Every notary shall keep an official notarial seal that is the exclusive property of the notary and the seal may not be used by any other person or surrendered to an employer upon termination of employment.
The SOS also explains the requirement in the notary handbook.
Seal required, but requirements vary. Fax to (406) 444-4623 for verification until 09/2013.
Source: Mont. Code Ann. § 1-5-416 (2009). Powers and duties.
(e) authenticate with the notary public's official seal and the notary's original signature, which must be in blue or black ink, as it appears on the notary's certificate of commission, all official acts. Whenever the notary public signs officially as a notary public, the notary public shall add to the signature the words "Notary Public for the State of Montana, residing at.... (stating the name of the town or city of the notary public's post office)" and shall endorse upon the instrument the date, showing the month, day, and four-digit year, of the expiration of the notary public's commission.
SOS has page dedicated to seals; requirements vary depending on commission expiration date.
A notary with a commission expiration date prior to 10/1/2013 may use either a crimper-type or an ink-type seal. If an ink seal is used, the ink must be blue or black. All notaries with a commission expiration date of October 1, 2013 or later are required to have an ink stamp unit, rectangular in shape and approximately 1” x 2 ½” in size, that contains a seal and the additional statutorily mandated information: The notary’s printed name; the title, “Notary Public for the State of Montana”; the words, “Residing at” with the name of the city or town where the notary lives; and the notary’s commission expiration date, shown as Month/Day/Four Digit Year. The stamp may be either blue or black ink only.
Source: Neb. Rev. Stat. § 64-210. Seal; contents; ink stamp.
Source: Nev. Rev. Stat. § 240.040. Use of stamp; embossed notarial seal not required; requirements of stamp.
2. After July 1, 1965, an embossed notarial seal is not required on notarized documents.
(b) Produce a legible imprint.
4. A notary public shall not affix his or her stamp over printed material.
5. As used in this section, “mechanical stamp” includes an imprint made by a computer or other similar technology.
Source: N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 455:3. Powers.
Every notary public, in addition to the usual powers of the office, shall have the same powers as a justice of the peace in relation to depositions and the acknowledgment of deeds and other instruments and the administering of oaths. All acknowledgments made by a notary public shall be either under an official seal or shall carry the legible imprint of an official rubber stamp stating the name of the notary, the words ""notary public, New Hampshire'' and the expiration date of the notary public's commission.
See also N. H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 456-B:7. Certificate of Notarial Acts.
I. A notarial act must be evidenced by a certificate signed and dated by a notarial officer. The certificate must include identification of the jurisdiction in which the notarial act is performed and the title of the office of the notarial officer and may include the official stamp or seal of office. If the officer is a notary public, the certificate must also indicate the date of expiration, if any, of the commission of office, but omission of that information may subsequently be corrected. If the officer is a commissioned officer on active duty in the military service of the United States, it must also include the officer's rank.
All of a Notary Public’s certifications must either be under an official seal or carry the legible imprint of an official rubber stamp.
(3) The expiration date of the Notary Public’s Commission.
Source: N.J. Stat. Ann. § 41:1-7. Seal not necessary to validity of oath or affidavit.
It shall not be necessary to the validity or sufficiency of any oath, affirmation or affidavit, made or taken before any of the persons named in section 41:2-1 of this title, that the same shall be certified under the official seal of the officer before whom made.
Source: N.M. Stat. Ann. § 14-12A-18. Official seal or stamp.
A. A notary public shall keep an official seal or stamp that is the exclusive property of the notary public. The seal or stamp shall not be possessed or used by any other person or surrendered to an employer upon termination of employment.
B. A notarial seal or stamp shall contain the exact name of the notary public as it appears on the application for appointment and the words "NOTARY PUBLIC - STATE OF NEW MEXICO" and shall authenticate official acts with the seal or stamp.
(name of notary public printed)".
D. An impression or image of the seal or stamp shall be affixed only at the time the notarial act is performed.
Source: N.Y. Exec. § 137. Statement as to authority of notaries public. In exercising his powers pursuant to this article, a notary public, in addition to the venue of his act and his signature, shall print, typewrite, or stamp beneath his signature in black ink, his name, the words "Notary Public State of New York," the name of the county in which he originally qualified, and the date upon which his commission expires and, in addition, wherever required, a notary public shall also include the name of any county in which his certificate of official character is filed, using the words "Certificate filed .......... County."
Source: N.C. Gen. Stat. § 10B-37. Seal image.
(a) A notary shall affix the notary's official seal near the notary's official signature on the notarial certificate of a record.
(1) The notary's name exactly as commissioned.
(2) The words "Notary Public".
(3) The county of commissioning, including the word "County" or the abbreviation "Co.".
(4) The words "North Carolina" or the abbreviation "NC".
(c) The notary seal may be either circular or rectangular in shape. Upon receiving a commission or a recommission on or after October 1, 2006, a notary shall not use a circular seal that is less than 1 ½ inches, nor more than 2 inches in diameter. The rectangular seal shall not be over 1 inch high and 2 ½ inches long. The perimeter of the seal shall contain a border that is visible when impressed.
(c1) Alterations to any information contained within the seal as embossed or stamped on the record are prohibited.
(d) A notarial seal, as it appears on a record, may contain the permanently imprinted, handwritten, or typed date the notary's commission expires.
(e) Any reference in the General Statutes to the seal of a notary shall include the stamp of a notary, and any reference to the stamp of a notary shall include the seal of the notary.
Source: N.D. Cent. Code § 44-06-04. FILING OF OATH, BOND, AND IMPRESSION OF NOTARIAL SEAL - REQUIREMENTS OF SEAL.
…After August 1, 2003, a notary being commissioned must obtain a seal approved by the secretary of state which must be designed to leave a clear impression, be photographically reproducible, include the words "State of North Dakota" and "Notary Public", contain the name and commission expiration date of the notary public exactly as shown on the notary's commission, and which may not contain any other words, numbers, symbols, or a reproduction of the great seal of the state. All notary seals must be surrounded by a border and be either one and five-eighths inch [41.28 millimeters] in diameter or if of a rectangular design, may be up to or equal to seven-eighths inch [22.23 millimeters] vertically by two and five-eighths inches [66.68 millimeters] horizontally. An official seal is the property of the notary only and may not be retained or used by any other person including an employer of a notary even if the employer purchased or paid for the notary's seal. An official seal must remain in the direct and exclusive control of the notary at all times during a notary's commission. A notary must affix the notary's seal to each jurat or certificate of acknowledgment at the time of performing the notarial act.
Source: Public Law No. 14-52. § 3322. Seal.
(a) Every notary public shall keep a seal of office, which may be a rubber stamp or impression seal, engraved with his or her name, and the words “Notary Public” and “Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.” The notary public shall authenticate all of his official acts, attestations, certificates and instruments therewith.
(b) Upon resignation, death, expiration of term of office, removal from or abandonment of office, or change in residence from the Commonwealth, the notary public shall immediately deliver his or her seal to the Attorney General, who shall deface or destroy it. By failing for 60 days to comply with the above requirement, the notary public, or the notary’s executor or administrator, shall forfeit to the Commonwealth not more than $500, in the discretion of the court, to be recovered in an action to be brought by the Attorney General on behalf of the Commonwealth.
Source: Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 147.04 Seal and register.
Before entering upon the discharge of his duties, a notary public shall provide himself with a seal of a notary public. The seal shall consist of the coat of arms of the state within a circle one inch in diameter and shall be surrounded by the words “notary public,” “notarial seal,” or words to that effect, the name of the notary public and the words “State of Ohio.” The seal may be of either a type that will stamp ink onto a document or one that will emboss it. The name of the notary public may, instead of appearing on the seal, be printed, typewritten, or stamped in legible, printed letters near his signature on each document signed by him. A notary public shall also provide himself with an official register in which shall be recorded a copy of every certificate of protest and copy of note, which seal and record shall be exempt from execution. Upon the death, expiration of term without reappointment, or removal from office of any notary public, his official register shall be deposited in the office of the county recorder of the county in which he resides.
Source: Okla. Stat. §49-5. Official seal - Types of seals - Authentication of documents - Penalties - Fees - Exception.
Every notary shall obtain a notarial seal containing the words “State of Oklahoma” and “Notary Public” and the notary’s name. This seal may be either a metal seal which leaves an embossed impression or a rubber stamp used in conjunction with a stamp pad and ink. Each notary shall authenticate all official acts, attestations, and instruments with this seal; and shall add to the notary’s official signature, the commission number of the notary and the date of expiration of the commission of the notary. Failure to add the commission number or the date of expiration of the commission shall not affect the recordability of the instrument or the notice given by such recording. This date and commission number may be a part of the stamp or seal.
Source: Or. Rev. Stat. § 194.031 Notarial seal; exception for notarization of certain plats; filing of sample imprint; replacement seal; rules.
(1) The official seal of a notary public shall be a stamp made of rubber or some other substance capable of making a legible imprint on paper in black ink. The imprint must legibly reproduce under photographic methods.
(2) The Secretary of State shall adopt rules prescribing the size and form of the imprint of the official seal to promote uniformity, legibility and permanency.
(3) Except as provided in subsection (4) of this section, the attempt to notarize an instrument required to be notarized shall be of no effect unless it bears an imprint of the official seal of the notary who performed the notarization made in the manner required under subsections (1) and (2) of this section.
(d) The words “MY COMMISSION EXPIRES” immediately followed by the date the notary public’s commission expires, expressed in terms of the month, by name not abbreviated, two-digit date and complete year.
(5) Upon delivery of an official seal to a notary public, the notary public shall cause an imprint of the official seal to be filed in the office of the Secretary of State, together with any other information that is by rule required. The filing shall be done in the manner and within the time prescribed by rule.
See also Or. Admin. R. 160-100-0100. Description of Imprint of Official Seal.
(E) The words "My Commission Expires", immediately followed by the notary public's commission expiration date, expressed in terms of the month, two-digit date, and complete year.
(2) The imprint of an official seal of a notary public shall be made with permanent black ink.
Or. Admin. R. 160-100-0120. Description of Official Seal Embosser.
(1) An official seal embosser of a notary public shall be two concentric circles each formed by a continuous solid or intermittent line.
(c) The word "NOTARY" above the word "PUBLIC" both centered within the inner circle.
Source: Act No. 373 of 1953, as amended by Act 151 of 2002, effective July 1, 2003, § 12. Notarial Seal.
(a) A notary public shall provide and keep an official seal which shall be used to authenticate all the acts, instruments and attestations of the notary. The seal shall be a rubber stamp and shall show clearly in the following order: the words “Notarial Seal”; the name and surname of the notary and the words “Notary Public”; the name of the municipality and county in which the notary maintains an office; and the date the notary’s commission expires.
(b) The seal shall have a maximum height of one (1) inch and width of three and one-half (3 1/2 ) inches, with a plain border. It shall be stamped in a prominent place on the official notarial certificate near the notary's signature in such a manner as to be capable of photographic reproduction.
(2) The name of the municipality and the county in which the notary maintains an office.
(3) The date the notary's commission is due to expire.
Source: P.R. Laws Ann. Title 4, § 2034. Public documents - Signatures; initials; flourish and seal.
The grantors and witnesses shall sign the deed and shall also affix the initials of their name and surname or surnames to the margin of each one of the pages of the document which shall be flourished and sealed by the notary.
(d) Although not required by the Rhode Island General Laws, it is prudent for a notary public to use a seal when notarizing documents. The seal should include the notary's name exactly as it appears on his or her commission and the words "NOTARY PUBLIC" and "RHODE ISLAND." A notary's seal is the exclusive property of the notary; it may not be used by any other person. This section shall not preclude a notary who is a member of the General Assembly in the State of Rhode Island from notarizing a document without the use of a seal on the floor of the General Assembly during open session.
Source: S.C. Code Ann. § 26-1-60. Seal of office; notary shall indicate date of expiration of commission.
Each notary public shall have a seal of office, which shall be affixed to his instruments of publications and to his protestations. He shall indicate below his signature the date of expiration of his commission. But the absence of such seal or date prior to and after May 30, 1968 shall not render his acts invalid if his official title be affixed thereto.
Source: S.D. Codified Laws § 18-1-3.1. Requirements of notary public seal.
(4) A border surrounding the imprint.
In addition, rubber stamp seals shall have the word, seal.
If a seal is used by a notary public, the notary public shall write, or print by a device made for such printing, below the seal's imprint or print and if not provided by the form, the words, my commission expires, and shall provide a date therefor.
Source: Tenn. Code Ann. § 8-16-114. Seal of notary public for the state of Tennessee — Imprinting of seal — Fee.
(a) The secretary of state shall prescribe and design an official seal to be used by a Tennessee notary public. The seal of office may be imprinted by a rubber or other type of stamp. Such stamp shall imprint the seal of office in any color other than black or yellow, provided the color used to imprint the seal shall be clearly legible and appear as black when photocopied on a non-color copier. Nothing in this subsection (a) shall be construed to require a notary public to procure such a rubber or other stamp or to use a particular color of ink with the stamp prior to the expiration of the notary's term of office, and all impression notary seals shall be valid for use until the end of the notary's term of office. Notwithstanding any other provision of law or provision of this subsection (a) to the contrary, the use of an embossed notary seal after May 12, 2003, shall not render such an acknowledgement defective. No person shall incur any civil or criminal liability for failure to imprint the seal of office in a color required by this subsection (a) nor shall any document or title imprinted with a seal of the wrong color be invalid because of such failure.
See also Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 1360-7-2-01. NOTARY PUBLIC SEAL OF OFFICE.
(1) A notary public commissioned on or after July 1, 2004, shall use a notary seal that substantially conforms to the following design: a circular seal with the notary public’s name as it appears on the commission printed at the top, the county of election printed at the bottom, and the words “State of Tennessee Notary Public” or “Tennessee Notary Public” printed in the center. A sample seal format appears below.
(2) Effective July 1, 2004, and until the expiration of his/her current term of office, a notary public commissioned prior to July 1, 2004, shall use either the notary seal design identified in section (1), or a notary seal that substantially conforms to the following design: a circular seal with the notary public’s name as it appears on the commission printed at the top, the county of election and state printed at the bottom, and “Notary Public at Large” printed in the center. A sample seal format appears below.
Source: Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 406.013.
(a) A notary public shall provide a seal of office that clearly shows, when embossed, stamped, or printed on a document, the words "Notary Public, State of Texas" around a star of five points, the notary public's name, and the date the notary public's commission expires. Notaries public commissioned for the first time on or after January 1, 2016, and notaries public renewing their commissions on or after that date must have their notary ID number on their seal of office. See Section 406.013 of the Texas Government Code as amended by HB 1683 (PDF). The notary public shall authenticate all official acts with the seal of office.
(b) The seal may be a circular form not more than two inches in diameter or a rectangular form not more than one inch in width and 2-1/2 inches in length. The seal must have a serrated or milled edge border.
(c) The seal must be affixed by a seal press or stamp that embosses or prints a seal that legibly reproduces the required elements of the seal under photographic methods. An indelible ink pad must be used for affixing by a stamp the impression of a seal on an instrument to authenticate the notary public's official act.
(d) Subsection (c) does not apply to an electronically transmitted authenticated document, except that an electronically transmitted authenticated document must legibly reproduce the required elements of the seal.
Source: Utah Code Ann. § 46-1-16. Official signature -- Official seal -- Seal impression.
(1) In completing a notarial act, a notary shall sign on the notarial certificate exactly and only the name indicated on the notary's commission.
(2) (a) A notary shall keep an official notarial seal that is the exclusive property of the notary and that may not be used by any other person.
(b) Upon the resignation, revocation, or expiration of a notarial commission, the seal shall be destroyed.
(c) Each notarial seal obtained by a notary on or after July 1, 2003 shall use purple ink.
(3) (a) A new seal shall be obtained for any new commission or recommission.
(b) A new seal shall be obtained if the notary changes the notary's name of record at any time during the notary's commission.
(v) a rectangular border no larger than one inch by two and one-half inches surrounding the required words and seal.
(4) An embossed seal impression that is not photographically reproducible may be used in addition to, but not in place of, the photographically reproducible seal required in this section.
(5) The notarial seal shall be affixed in a manner that does not obscure or render illegible any information or signatures contained in the document or in the notarial certificate.
(iii) the expiration date of the notary's commission.
"notary public," "state of Utah," and "my commission expires on______ (date)".
Source: The Notary Guide states that Vermont law does not require the use of seals by notaries. This requirement was repealed in 1984 (No. 194, Adj. Sess., §2). For documents leaving the state you may need a seal, but within the state no seal is required.
(a) Each notary public shall keep an official impression seal bearing his name, date of expiration of commission, and judicial division.
(b) The notary public must affix his impression seal to each document and either write, print or stamp his or her name in a legible fashion on the document.
(c) A document is not properly notarized until both the seal has been impressed thereon and the name of the notary public has been affixed thereto.
Source: Va. Code Ann. § 47.1-16. Notarizations to show date of act, etc.
C. Upon every writing which is the subject of a notarial act, the notary shall, after his certificate, state the date of the expiration of his commission in substantially the following form: "My commission expires the . . . . day of . . . . . ., . . . .."
Near the notary's official signature on the notarial certificate of a paper document, the notary shall affix a sharp, legible, permanent, and photographically reproducible image of the official seal, or, to an electronic document, the notary shall attach an official electronic seal.
D. The notary shall attach the official electronic signature and seal to the electronic notarial certificate of an electronic document in a manner that is capable of independent verification and renders any subsequent changes or modifications to the electronic document evident.
E. A notary's electronic signature and seal shall conform to generally accepted standards for secure electronic notarization.
Source: Wash. Rev. Code § 42.44.050. Seal or stamp.
Every person appointed as a notary public in this state shall procure a seal or stamp, on which shall be engraved or impressed the words "Notary Public" and "State of Washington," the date the appointment expires, the person's surname, and at least the initials of the person's first and middle names. The director shall prescribe by rule the size and form or forms of the seal or stamp.
See also Wash. Admin. Code § 308-30-010. Size and form of notary seal or stamp.
(1) The type shall be a minimum of 8 point type.
(2) The stamp shall be minimum one and five-eighths inches in diameter. If a rectangular stamp is used the minimum dimensions shall be one inch wide by one and five-eighths inches long.
(3) The imprint shall be affixed with indelible ink only.
(4) The face of any notary stamp shall contain permanently affixed letters and numerals and shall not be preprinted.
(5) The use of the Washington state seal on the notary stamp or seal is prohibited.
(6) A vendor may not provide a notarial seal, or stamp, either inking or embossing, to a person claiming to be a notary, unless the person presents a photo copy of the person's Notary Certificate.
(7) A notary applying for a seal or stamp as a result of a name change shall present a copy to the vendor of the certificate evidencing the notary's name change from the director.
Source: W. Va. Code § 29C-4-102. Rubber stamp seal.
(e) A serrated or milled edge border in a rectangular form not more than one inch in width by two and one-half inches in length surrounding the information.
No person holding a notary commission pursuant to former section two, article four, chapter twenty-nine on the effective date of this chapter may be required to obtain or use a rubber stamp seal prior to the expiration of that commission. However, such a notary who was appointed for one or more counties of the state may obtain and use the rubber stamp seal prior to the expiration of that commission if the name of the county in which the notarial act is performed is on the seal used for that act.
See also W. Va. Code § 29C-4-103. Seal embosser.
(a) Every notary public may provide, keep and use a seal embosser engraved to show the words "Notary Seal," his name, "Notary Public," and "State of West Virginia."
(b) The indentations made by the seal embosser shall not be applied on the notarial certificate or document to be notarized in a manner that will render illegible or incapable of photographic reproduction any of the printed marks or writing.
Source: Wis. Stat. § 137.01. NOTARIES (3) NOTARIAL SEAL OR STAMP.
…(3)(a) Except as authorized in s. 137.19, every notary public shall provide an engraved official seal which makes a distinct and legible impression or official rubber stamp which makes a distinct and legible imprint on paper. The impression of the seal or the imprint of the rubber stamp shall state only the following: "Notary Public," "State of Wisconsin" and the name of the notary. But any notarial seal in use on August 1, 1959, shall be considered in compliance.
(b) The impression of the notarial seal upon any instrument or writing or upon wafer, wax or other adhesive substance and affixed to any instrument or writing shall be deemed an affixation of the seal, and the imprint of the notarial rubber stamp upon any instrument or writing shall be deemed an affixation of the rubber stamp.
Source: Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 32-1-106. Official seal.
(a) Each notary public before entering upon the duties of his office, shall provide himself with an official seal with which he shall authenticate all his official acts, which seal shall clearly show, when embossed, stamped, impressed or affixed to a document, his name, the words "notary public," the name of the county wherein he resides, and the word "Wyoming," and the seal of a notary public shall not be levied upon or sold. If the notary public changes his county of residence to a different county than that shown on the seal, he shall have the seal altered to indicate such change.
(b) The seal of every notary public may be affixed by a seal press or stamp that will print or emboss a seal which legibly reproduces under the photographic methods the name of the notary, the words "notary public," the name of the county in which he resides and the word "Wyoming." The seal may be circular not over two (2) inches in diameter or may be a rectangular form of not more than three-fourths of an inch in width by two and one-half (2 1/2) inches in length, with a serrated or milled edged border, and shall contain the information required by this section.


We have successfully handled appeals before the California Court of Appeal, California Superior Court, Bankruptcy Appellate Panel for the Ninth Circuit, District Court, and the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, a number of which have resulted in published opinions.
Asset Management Holdings, LLC v. Aleli A. Hernandez, Appeal No. 17-60044 (9th Cir. February 25, 2019) - The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel and the Bankruptcy Court’s orders determining that SLO’s client was eligible for Chapter 13 relief under Bankruptcy Code § 109(e), and finding that the bankruptcy petition was filed in good faith.
(BAP 9th Cir. Apr. 11, 2017) - The Bankruptcy Appellate Panel affirmed the Bankruptcy Court's Orders confirming the debtor's Chapter 13 Plan and denying the lienholder's motion to dismiss on eligibility grounds under Bankruptcy Code § 109(e).
Hai Lecong v. Ashley Tran, No. 15-60039 (9th Cir. Feb. 13, 2017) - The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the Bankruptcy Court's Order granting summary judgment, determining that a state court judgment in favor of our client was excepted from the debtor's discharge under Bankruptcy Code § 523(a)(2) based upon the doctrine of issue preclusion.
Dhawan v. Biring, 241 Cal.App.4th 963 (Cal. App. 2d Dist. 2015) - The California Court of Appeal affirmed the Los Angeles Superior Court's Order vacating and setting aside a $3,200,000 default judgment-- entered more than seven years earlier--where the judgment was void and subject to collateral attack at any time in accordance with California Code of Civil Procedure §§ 473(d) and 580.
In re First T.D. & Investments, Inc. (Neilson v. Chang), 253 F.3d 520 (9th Cir. 2001) - In reversing the District Court, the Ninth Circuit held that California Business and Professions Code § 10233.2 applied to an assigned promissory note and deed of trust, deeming the security interests perfected. Therefore, the trustee's avoidance action under Bankruptcy Code § 544 failed.
In re Cobe (Smith v. Cobe), 229 B.R. 15 (BAP 9th Cir. 1998) - The Bankruptcy Appellate Panel affirmed the Bankruptcy Court's grant of summary judgment based on issue preclusion, where summary judgment was conditioned on affirmance of the state court judgment after jury trial by the California Court of Appeal.
Plotkin v. Pomona Valley Imports (In re Cohen), 199 B.R. 709 (B.A.P. 9th Cir. Cal. 1996) - The Bankruptcy Appellate Panel affirmed the Bankruptcy Court’s grant of summary judgment in two related cases involving defense of alleged fraudulent transfer in a Ponzi scheme involving the sale of late model Mercedes Benz cars to Hollywood movie stars and entertainment executives.
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