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Philadelphia Criminal Defense Lawyers Zak T. Goldstein and Demetra Mehta continue to find success in the courtroom. In the last month, our criminal lawyers have obtained successful results in PCRA Petitions and cases involving assault, burglary, drug, and theft charges. If you are facing criminal charges, call 267-225-2545 for a free criminal defense strategy session with one of our defense lawyers.
Commonwealth v. ZS – Attorney Goldstein recently obtained a new sentencing hearing for a defendant who had been sentenced to 15-30 years in jail for a direct violation of probation. The defendant was on probation for selling drugs when he was arrested and ultimately convicted of robbery. After receiving a sentence of up to 20 years for the robbery case, the probation judge sentenced the defendant to 15-30 years consecutive to the sentence for the robbery charges. This led to an overall sentence which could have kept the defendant in jail for up to 50 years despite his young age at the time of the conviction for the direct violation.
Philadelphia PCRA Lawyer Zak T. Goldstein, Esq.
After reviewing the transcripts from the violation of probation hearing, Attorney Goldstein quickly recognized that significant legal errors had occurred during the probation sentencing to which the original lawyer should have objected. Mr. Goldstein filed a Post-Conviction Relief Act Petition amending the defendant’s initial pro se filings and arguing that the defendant should receive a new probation violation sentencing because defense counsel had been ineffective at the original hearing. Criminal defendants have a constitutional right to the effective assistance of counsel under both the Pennsylvania and United States constitutions, and an ineffective performance by counsel at the trial, appeal, or probation levels can lead to a new trial, appeal, sentencing, or probation hearing. In this case, defense counsel at the original violation hearing failed to object when the probation judge found on the record that the defendant’s expressions of remorse were hollow solely because the defendant refused to waive his right to an in-person probation violation hearing and allow the hearing to be conducted by video from the state prison. Further, defense counsel failed to file a motion to reconsider the sentence or appeal the excessive sentence. Attorney Goldstein argued that defendants have a constitutional right to be present for important hearings in their cases, and courts may not legally punish defendants for exercising those rights. Further, when courts rely on illegal sentencing factors such as the decision to exercise a constitutional right, the defendant is entitled to a new sentencing hearing.
The Commonwealth filed a Motion to Dismiss the PCRA Petition, arguing both that the Petition was untimely because Petitioner did not formally title his pro se petition as a PCRA Petition and that original counsel was not required to object or litigate the issues on appeal in order to be effective. The Court agreed with Attorney Goldstein, denied the prosecution’s Motion to Dismiss, and granted the PCRA Petition. The court ordered that the defendant receive a new sentencing hearing which, due to the passage of time since the original sentence, will occur in front of a different judge from the one who placed the defendant on probation. Although the outcome of the new sentencing is far from guaranteed, the defense will have the opportunity to argue for something less than the original 15-30 year consecutive sentence.
Commonwealth v. JB – JB was charged with a domestic violence Aggravated Assault for choking his girlfriend. Aggravated Assault is one of the most serious felonies that a defendant can face in Pennsylvania, and if JB had been convicted of Aggravated Assault, he would have almost certainly been facing jail time. Our attorneys were able to negotiate a plea to Simple Assault as a misdemeanor of the second degree for one year of probation. JB will not become a felon as a result of this case, and he is no longer facing a significant jail sentence.
Commonwealth v. RD – Burglary and Assault Charges dismissed at preliminary hearing.
Commonwealth v. DM – Our attorneys obtained entry into a diversionary program for a client who was charged with underage drinking. If the client completes a class and pays a small fine, the arrest will be expunged and the client will not lose their driver’s license.
Commonwealth v. DB – The client was charged with Aggravated Assault and DUI for nearly running over an acquaintance. Aggravated Assault is a serious felony which often results in jail time. Despite the fact that much of the incident was captured on surveillance video, our attorneys were able to negotiate a deal for simple assault and DUI with no jail time. Instead of facing jail time and a felony conviction, the defendant will spend five days on house arrest and six months on probation and be able to apply for an ignition interlock driver’s license when the new interlock law goes into effect in August.
Commonwealth v. BR – Our attorneys negotiated a fully mitigated sentence of 1.5 – 3 years in jail for a defendant who had pleaded guilty to committing the F1 Robbery and F1 Aggravated Assault of an off duty police officer while on probation.
Commonwealth v. JR – Attorney Goldstein obtained a probationary sentence with drug treatment for a defendant who entered into an open guilty plea to selling drugs while police watched. Although the Pennsylvania sentencing guidelines called for a state prison sentence, Attorney Goldstein convinced the sentencing judge that the defendant should be given a chance at treatment and job training instead of jail time.
Commonwealth v. JB – Obtained a dismissal of Unauthorized Use of Automobile charges prior to trial.
Commonwealth v. WB – Obtained a dismissal of F2 Aggravated Assault charges prior to trial.
Commonwealth v. TR – Defendant was charged with burglary. Attorney Goldstein obtained a dismissal of the burglary charges at the preliminary hearing.
Commonwealth v. IR –The defendant was charged with Theft by Unlawful Taking and Receiving Stolen Property as felonies of the third degree after police arrested him and alleged that he had been the passenger in a stolen car. Attorney Goldstein obtained a full dismissal of the charges following the preliminary hearing. Attorney Goldstein argued that the defendant had not been identified as the driver of the vehicle or done anything else incriminating like running or making any inculpatory statements. Likewise, there was nothing about the car which would indicate to anyone inside of it that it had been stolen. Accordingly, the evidence was insufficient to show that the client knew or should have known that the car was stolen or that the client was the one who stole or ever possessed the car.
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Sulla v. Board of Registered Nursing (2012) 205 Cal.App.4th 1195. A registered nurse was convicted of a misdemeanor after being involved in causing a single car accident while driving with a blood alcohol limit in excess of the legal limit. The Board of Registered Nursing sought to revoke his license and following a hearing before an administrative law judge, the nurse's license was ordered revoked, but the revocation was stayed for three years subject to meeting conditions of probation. The nurse appealed to the superior court which granted a writ of administrative mandate and reversed the disciplinary action taken finding that the nurse's conduct and the conviction were not substantially related to the qualifications, functions or duties of a registered nurse.
The court of appeal reversed. The court concluded that the discipline imposed was appropriate and that the nurse's conduct did constitute unprofessional conduct based on the use of alcohol in a manner dangerous to himself or others. This conduct bore a sufficient nexus to the qualifications of a nurse to justify the disciplinary action taken.
Fitzsimons v. California Emergency Physicians Medical Group (2012) 205 Cal.App.4th 1423. A published opinion in which Rich Raines and Amanda Beck are published on the winning side. The court finds that the plaintiff, although a partner in a partnership, was a person who had protection under Government Code §12940(h) from retaliation for opposing harassment of employees. Because the partnership was the employer of the people who were the victims of the harassment that had been reported by the plaintiff, she subsequently alleged that she had become the subject of partnership retaliation. The harassment of the partnership employees, if proven, was an unlawful practice for which the partnership was potentially liable under Government Code §12940 and §12940(h) makes it an unlawful practice to retaliate "against any person" for opposing that harassment.
JSJ Limited Partnership v. Mehrban (2012) 205 Cal.App.4th 1512. This is another in a series of SLAPP cases. In this case, an attorney filed a SLAPP motion contending that a complaint brought against him was one arising from protected activity and that Plaintiff also did not demonstrate the probability of prevailing on its claims.
The court of appeal reversed the trial court and remanded with an order to grant the motion to strike. The plaintiff had filed a complaint against the defendant, and another party, alleging causes of action for malicious prosecution and abuse of process. The court found that the complaint arose from protected activity and was properly the subject as a result of a SLAPP motion. The litigation privilege barred the claim for abuse of process because the nature of the claim was based on the allegation that the defendant and his client had misused the litigation process by filing a frivolous lawsuit. While in an appropriate case this might give rise to a cause of action for malicious prosecution, the mere filing or maintenance of a lawsuit, even for an improper purpose, is not a proper basis by itself for an abuse of process action. The court also found that the voluntary dismissal of the claim was not a favorable termination for purposes of malicious prosecution. The plaintiff could not therefore establish that it would prevail on the merits and the SLAPP motion should have been granted.


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text:
Variability of economic and political conditions in Ukraine put forward new requirements for assessing the development of the insurance market, the state of which has a significant impact on the activities of economic relations and the state as a whole. Building an adequate model for assessing the insurance market and its practical use may affect the timely adoption of managerial decisions and the development of measures to improve the insurance market functioning. This is confirmed by a large number of scientific studies in the economic literature on the analytical component of the insurance market management, as well as the fact that a timely and objective comprehensive analysis is an integral part of the adoption of effective managerial decisions.
In view of this, trends of the insurance market in Ukraine in difficult geopolitical and economic conditions, which are characterized by the influence of variables of the unstable economic environment, are outlined. Linear multifactorial models, which give an opportunity to assess the influence of factors on the dynamics of changes in the volume of insurance premiums and insurance payments in the market, are constructed. An estimation of the influence of each of the selected factors is carried out and based on the conducted factor analysis, a significant impact on their volume of indicators of the number of insurance companies, GDP per capita and exchange rate, is performed. Alongside with this, trend lines are constructed and forecast values of gross insurance premiums and payments are determined. Based on the conducted analysis, ways of activating the development of the market as an important subject of the country's financial and credit system are proposed.
Another significant result of the research is the formation of an indicative model-scheme of the comprehensive assessment of the determinants of the insurance market development. The developed model contains a clear list and sequence of stages of the insurance market analysis and a specific methodology for assessing the impact of key factors, characteristic for changing conditions of management, on the efficiency of its functioning. Practical application allows to take into consideration the influence of individual determinants of the insurance market development on its condition, to increase the efficiency of managerial decisions in this area.
insurance market; insurance premiums; insurance payments; factorial analysis; econometric model; model-scheme.
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UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS, FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT.
Before Mcmillian and Murphy, Circuit Judges, and Bogue,1 District Judge.
Dwayne Etheridge was convicted by a jury of conspiracy to possess and distribute cocaine and of possession with intent to distribute cocaine, and he was sentenced to 90 months. On direct appeal the judgment was affirmed. See United States v. Etheridge, 168 F.3d 495, 1998 WL 792467 (8th Cir. Nov. 17, 1998) (Table). Now before the court is his appeal from the denial by the district court2 of his petition to set aside his convictions under 28 U.S.C. 2255. Etheridge claimed ineffective assistance of counsel and due process violations and asked in the alternative for resentencing. A certificate of appealability was granted by the district court on the ineffective assistance of counsel claims he had raised. We affirm.
Dwayne Etheridge and Valeria Newsome were indicted for conspiracy to possess and distribute cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. 846, and possession with intent to distribute cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(B). Newsome entered into a plea agreement and testified at trial that she had a long history of drug trafficking and was engaged in drug dealing with Etheridge. She said that Etheridge had recruited her to go to Arizona and ship drugs back to Minnesota. The drugs were obtained from a source known as Jesus, who was an acquaintance of Newsome's husband, DJ Newsome, and her brother, Kevin Moore. According to Newsome's testimony, she picked up drugs and mailed them to a family member in Minnesota on numerous occasions. Etheridge would then telephone that family member and pick up the drugs. Etheridge paid the source directly and wired money to Newsome for her services. Deputy Brad Erickson testified that controlled deliveries had been made after postal workers discovered packages of cocaine in the mail; Tanisha Willis was found at one location. Willis reported that a man with the nickname "D" had recruited her to receive packages, and she later identified Etheridge as "D" from a photo lineup. When deputies searched Etheridge's apartment with a search warrant, they found a pager, a cellular phone, false W-2 tax and wage statements, phone and pager records, and an address book linking him to the drug conspiracy.
Etheridge's theory of defense at trial was that it was Newsome who shipped the drugs to her relatives and that he was merely a family friend calling to check on Willis' sick child and innocently present where the drugs were delivered. On cross examination of Newsome, Etheridge's attorney attempted to establish that she was the leader of the conspiracy and that she was lying to fulfill her plea bargain. Newsome admitted at trial that her husband had had a long history of dealing drugs and that she had also mailed drugs back to family members in Minnesota before she ever met Etheridge. She testified that her brother set up the deals because Etheridge did not know the source. Newsome also admitted that under her plea agreement she would receive a reduced sentence for her testimony, that her other family members were subject to indictment, and that she realized that her testimony could subject her brother Kevin Moore to prosecution.
After Etheridge was convicted on both counts, his attorney filed a motion requesting a sentencing hearing on whether he should be given a two level enhancement for being a leader of the conspiracy. At the sentencing hearing, Etheridge's attorney advised the court that an evidentiary hearing would not be necessary. He argued that the trial evidence had established that Newsome was the leader. He pointed to evidence that she had sent drugs to her brother and daughter before she met Etheridge, that she sent drugs to her daughter on September 6 without Etheridge's knowledge, that it was her husband who had the source, and that she had established a distribution structure before Etheridge was involved. The district court found that Etheridge was a leader and applied a two level enhancement. The court concluded, however, that Etheridge's Criminal History Category of III was overstated in the Presentence Investigation Report he reduced it to Category II. The resulting guideline range was 87 to 108 months, and the court sentenced him to 90 months of imprisonment, four years of supervised release, and $200 in special assessments.
In his 2255 petition, Etheridge sought vacation of his convictions or resentencing without the two level enhancement or after an evidentiary hearing. He claimed that his Sixth Amendment right to effective assistance of counsel was violated because his attorney failed to challenge the search warrant and failed to request a hearing under Franks v. Delaware, 438 U.S. 154 (1978), failed to request a buyer-seller instruction, and improperly waived an evidentiary hearing at sentencing. Etheridge also claimed his due process rights were violated because the government purchased the testimony of his coconspirators, basing this claim on the original Tenth Circuit panel decision in United States v. Singleton, 144 F.3d 1343 (10th Cir. 1998), rev'd en banc, 165 F.3d 1297(1999).
The district court denied the petition without holding an evidentiary hearing. It pointed out that Etheridge's counsel had challenged the search warrant by bringing a motion to suppress and arguing its invalidity on appeal. The court also held that the Franks claim lacked merit because the standard of "reckless disregard" could not be met. A buyer-seller instruction would have undermined the defense theory that Etheridge was innocent and merely present at the locations to which the drugs were mailed. An evidentiary hearing was not needed because the court already knew from the trial evidence about Newsome's role in the trafficking and there was sufficient evidence that Etheridge was a leader. Finally, the court noted that the Singleton theory was foreclosed by United States v. Albanese, 195 F.3d 389, 394 (8th Cir. 1999). The court granted Etheridge a certificate of appealability only on his ineffective assistance of counsel claims.
On appeal from the denial of his petition, Etheridge argues that the district court erred by not holding an evidentiary hearing before denying the petition and that his counsel was ineffective at trial and on direct appeal because he failed to go forward with an evidentiary hearing at sentencing, did not adequately cross examine Newsome about her plea agreement, allowed the trial to be conducted in a "choppy and sporadic nature," and declined to address Singleton at the appellate argument. Etheridge also attempts to argue prosecutorial misconduct based on the alleged incomplete disclosure of Newsome's plea agreement.3 The government argues that Etheridge was not prejudiced by the lack of an evidentiary hearing at sentencing because the district court already knew about Newsome's drug activity and that the other claims are not reviewable because the claim of prosecutorial misconduct is not covered in the certificate of appealability and some of his ineffective assistance of counsel claims were not presented to the district court.
The district court granted a certificate of appealability on the question of whether Etheridge was denied effective assistance of counsel. Those issues presented to the district court were Etheridge's claims that his attorney failed to challenge the validity of the search warrant or to request a Franks hearing, failed to request a buyer seller instruction, and improperly waived an evidentiary hearing at sentencing. In his appellate briefs, Etheridge only addressed counsel's failure to conduct an evidentiary hearing at sentencing. He did not discuss the other three claims of ineffective assistance. Claims not argued in the briefs are deemed abandoned on appeal. See Jasperson v. Purolator Courier Corp., 765 F.2d 736, 740-41 (8th Cir. 1985). Moreover, Etheridge has conceded that those "issues [are] not presented on this appeal." Appellant's Reply Brief at 1. The only issue presented to the district court which has been certified and briefed on appeal was whether counsel was ineffective for not conducting an evidentiary hearing at sentencing. This is the only issue we need address.
Etheridge also raises issues in his briefs that were neither certified for appeal nor presented to the district court. He now argues prosecutorial misconduct and ineffectiveness of counsel because he did not adequately cross examine Newsome about her plea agreement, refused to address inquiries at oral argument about the possible applicability of Singleton, and allowed the trial to be conducted in a "choppy and sporadic nature." Issues not presented to the district court and not within the scope of the certificate of appealability are not properly before this court and will not be addressed. See Nelson, 109 F.3d at 1325; Fields, 201 F.3d at 1026 n.2.
On the ineffective assistance claim that was certified, we review the district court's conclusions of law de novo, its findings of fact for clear error, and its denial of an evidentiary hearing for an abuse of discretion. See Tokar v. Bowersox, 198 F.3d 1039, 1045 (8th Cir. 1999); Payne v. United States, 78 F.3d 343, 347 (8th Cir. 1996). To prevail Etheridge must show (1) that his attorney's performance fell below a professional objective standard of reasonableness; and (2) that he was prejudiced. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). In assessing whether counsel's performance was reasonable, we look at prevailing professional norms and "consider all the circumstances. Id. at 688. To establish prejudice, Etheridge must show a "reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different." Id at 694.
Etheridge claims that if a sentencing hearing had been conducted, evidence that Newsome was the leader of the conspiracy would have been presented and as a result he would not have received a two level sentence enhancement under U.S.S.G. 3B1.1. According to Etheridge, a hearing would have revealed that he did not recruit Roger Moore or Tanisha Willis, that Newsome and her husband both had a long history of selling drugs, that the drugs came from her husband's contact, that she mailed drugs to her family members numerous times before she met Etheridge, and that she also stole part of the cocaine and sent it to her daughter without Etheridge's knowledge. The government responds that the evidence Etheridge claims would have been elicited had already been heard by the district court at trial.
On direct appeal, Etheridge argued that the district court improperly assessed a two level enhancement for organizing the conspiracy. See Etheridge, 1998 WL 792467 at *1. We affirmed the enhancement, pointing out that the evidence showed he recruited people to mail and receive drugs and he instructed accomplices on how and where to deliver the drugs. See id. For this reason we need not review Etheridge's argument at this stage. See United States v. Shabazz, 657 F.2d 189, 190 (8th Cir. 1981). Even if review were not precluded, however, Etheridge has not shown that he was prejudiced by his counsel's performance. See DeRoo v. United States, 223 F.3d 919, 925 (8th Cir. 2000).
At the sentencing proceeding, Etheridge's attorney reminded the court about the evidence presented at trial: Newsome sent drugs to her brother and daughter before she met Etheridge, on September 6, 1997 she sent drugs to her daughter without Etheridge's knowledge, the source was her husband's, and she had established a distribution structure before Etheridge was involved. The district court indicated that it was fully aware of this evidence, that there was substantial evidence that Etheridge was a leader in the conspiracy because he arranged for pickups and deliveries, mailed the money, and told Newsome where to mail the drugs. Since most of the evidence Etheridge claims would have been uncovered by an evidentiary hearing was highlighted by his attorney and already known by the court, he cannot show a reasonable probability that he would not have received the enhancement. He has not shown prejudice or that his Sixth Amendment right to the effective assistance of counsel was violated or that the district court erred by not holding an evidentiary hearing on his 2255 petition.
The Honorable Andrew W. Bogue, United States District Judge for the District of South Dakota, sitting by designation.
The Honorable Paul A. Magnuson, Chief United States District Judge for the District of Minnesota.
After the initial appellate briefs were filed, Etheridge moved to supplement the record to introduce an affidavit of Newsome. In this affidavit she states that the prosecutor promised he would not bring charges against her relatives if she testified against Etheridge. The government responds that the affidavit addresses claims not presented to the district court and is beyond the certificate of appealability. We deny the motion to supplement. See Fields v. United States, 201 F.3d 1025, 1026 n.2 (8th Cir. 2000); Mulvaney v. Rush, 487 F.2d 684, 687 (3d Cir. 1973); see also United States. v. Grey Bear, 116 F.3d 349, 350 (8th Cir. 1997). Etheridge also argues that an evidentiary hearing should have been conducted to question Newsome about her plea agreement and about why no one in her family had been prosecuted. We decline to address this argument because it was not presented to the district court, see United States v. Nelson, 109 F.3d 1323, 1325 (8th Cir. 1997), but we note elsewhere that there was much evidence at trial about Newsome and her plea agreement.

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