text:
LOW SHADING LOSS SOLAR MODULE - Crystal Solar, Inc.
A solar cell comprises an optically transparent handle, wherein the handle includes grooves into which tabs are inserted, enabling the use of high aspect ratio tabs with minimal shading of the front side of the solar cell. Electrical connection of the tabs to busbars on the surface of the layers of the solar cell is through apertures at the bottom of each groove on the handle—the grooves being aligned to the busbars. The apertures may be filled with solder, metal pins, metal spheres, etc, and in embodiments the tabs may be metal wires. The solar cells with optically transparent handles may be formed into solar cell modules. Furthermore, in embodiments the handle with integral tabs simplifies and reduces the cost of solar cell and module fabrication since the top surface of the transparent handle including tabs may be completely flat.
20040115536 Method for producing electrical conductors, a solar collector, an electrochemical cell and use of conductors produced in this way June, 2004 Blankenborg et al.
20090301547 SOLAR GENERATORS COMPRISING FLOATING HOLLOW ELEMENTS December, 2009 Laing et al.
20090301545 Solar Concentrator Backpan December, 2009 Young et al.
20040139998 Thermoelectric conversion device, thermoelectric conversion device unit, and method for manufacturing thermoelectric conversion device July, 2004 Itoigawa et al.
20070261731 Photovoltaic Power Generation Module and Photovoltaic Power Generation System Employing Same November, 2007 Abe et al.
20090014059 Thermophotovoltaic electrical generation systems January, 2009 Radhakrishnan et al.
Brendel, et al., "15.4%-efficient and 25 mum-thin crystalline Si solar cell from layer transfer using porous silicon," Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), vol. 197 (2003), pp. 497-501.
1. A solar cell structure comprising: solar cell layers with busbars on the surface of said solar cell layers; a first layer of bonding material over the surface of said solar cell layers and over the surface of said busbars on said surface of said solar cell layers; an optically transparent handle with grooves for tabs and apertures at the bottom of said grooves, wherein said grooves in said optically transparent handle are aligned with said busbars of said first structure and said apertures in said optically transparent handle are aligned with said openings in said first layer of bonding material, wherein said first layer of bonding material attaches said optically transparent handle to said solar cell layers, and wherein said first layer of bonding material has openings to match said apertures in said optically transparent handle; electrical contact materials in said apertures in said optically transparent handle, said electrical contact materials making electrical contact between corresponding electrical contact materials and busbars; and tabs in said grooves, said tabs making electrical contact between corresponding electrical contact materials and tabs.
2. The solar cell structure as in claim 1, wherein said tabs do not extend above the surface of said optically transparent handle.
3. The solar cell structure as in claim 1, wherein said solar cell layers are single crystal silicon layers.
4. The solar cell structure as in claim 1, further comprising a metal layer on the backside of said solar cell layers.
5. The solar cell structure as in claim 1, wherein said grooves have a height to width ratio of at least 1:1.
6. The solar cell as in claim 1, wherein said grooves have a height to width ratio of at least 2:1.
7. The solar cell as in claim 1, wherein said tabs have a first portion with a high aspect ratio for fitting in said groove of a first solar cell and a second portion having a low aspect ratio for making electrical contact to the back side of a second solar cell.
8. The solar cell as in claim 7, wherein said high aspect ratio is about 3.7:1.0.
9. The solar cell as in claim 7, wherein said low aspect ratio is about 1.0:7.5.
10. The solar cell structure as in claim 1, further comprising an optically transparent superstrate attached to said optically transparent handle by a second layer of bonding material.
11. A method of fabricating a solar cell comprising: providing a structure including solar cell layers with busbars on the surface of said solar cell layers; providing an optically transparent handle with grooves for tabs and apertures at the bottom of said grooves; applying a sheet of bonding material over the surface of said solar cell layers and over the surface of said busbars on said surface of said solar cell layers, wherein said sheet has openings to match said apertures in said optically transparent handle; aligning said grooves in said optically transparent handle with said busbars of said structure and said apertures in said optically transparent handle with said openings in said sheet, and laminating said optically transparent handle to said structure; introducing electrical contact materials into said apertures in said optically transparent handle, and making electrical contact between corresponding electrical contact materials and busbars; and inserting tabs into said grooves and making electrical contact between corresponding electrical contact materials and tabs.
12. The method as in claim 11, wherein said solar cell layers are epitaxial silicon layers on a silicon substrate.
13. The method as in claim 12, further comprising separating said epitaxial silicon layers attached to said transparent handle from said silicon substrate.
14. The method as in claim 13, further comprising, after said separating, depositing a metal layer on the backside of said epitaxial silicon layers.
15. The method as in claim 13, wherein said separating is after said inserting and said making electrical contact.
16. The method as in claim 13, wherein said separating is after said aligning and said laminating.
17. The method as in claim 11, further comprising after said inserting and said making electrical contact, laminating said optically transparent handle to an optically transparent superstrate.
18. The method as in claim 11, further comprising after said inserting and said making electrical contact, electrically connecting said solar cell in series with a second solar cell.
19. The method as in claim 11, further comprising after said inserting and said making electrical contact, electrically connecting said solar cell in series with a second solar cell and a third solar cell forming a series chain of solar cells.
20. The method as in claim 19, further comprising after said forming a series chain of solar cells, laminating said series chain of solar cells to an optically transparent superstrate.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/777,891 filed Mar. 12, 2013, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/961,233 filed Oct. 7, 2013, both incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Thin silicon using epitaxy and lift-off is very attractive as a next generation technology since it represents a polysilicon-less, ingot-less and kerf-less approach to making mono-crystalline solar cells. The challenge with this approach has been to process these thin silicon substrates (less than 50 microns thick) with high yield and yet preserve the ability to make high efficiency cells, such as cells with selective emitter formation on the front side and point contacts (as in PERC and PERL cells) on the back side. To fabricate these cells at high yield, the thin silicon must always be attached to a handle during these process steps.
An approach developed by Crystal Solar Corporation (see U.S. patent application publication no. 2013/0056044 and PCT International Publication No. WO 2013/020111 to K. V. Ravi et al.) enables thin epitaxial silicon to remain attached to the silicon substrate on which the epitaxial layer was grown while the high temperature steps of cell making are completed, up to and including screen printing front contacts. The epitaxial layer is then attached to a hard transparent handle (such as a glass sheet), with tabs extending beyond the epitaxial layer and handle, and the epitaxial layer is exfoliated from the substrate. The back side of the cell is completed with aluminum contacts, while the thin silicon is attached to the glass handle. However, such an approach requires tabbing of the thin epitaxial cells before attaching the cells to the handle; this step can be potentially yield limiting since the tabs are typically 200 microns thick and tend to stress the epitaxial layer which is typically only 50 microns thick. Furthermore, the presence of tabs, sticking out beyond the silicon and glass, during the back side processing makes the final backside cell and module processing difficult to automate.
A typical busbar in a standard high efficiency cell is 1.5 mm wide and a typical front to back 156 mm square cell has three busbars. The reason these busbars are 1.5 mm wide is to match the width of the tabs that go on the top of the busbars to connect to the next cell. These tabs are only about 200 microns thick and a 1.5 mm tab is needed to carry the current from the cell (typically 3 amperes per busbar). Tabs are soldered on to the busbars and the tabs are later strung together, front to back, connecting adjacent cells in a module to form a series string of cells. The width of the tabs results in shading losses—the tabs covering areas of the solar cells which consequently do not receive light and thus do not contribute to power generation. Approaches to eliminate the shading losses completely such as interdigitated back contact (IBC) cells or metal wrap through (MWT) cells do exist but all of them involve significantly increasing the complexity of cell processing. For example, in the case of IBC, electrically isolated contacts have to be made on the back side of the cell by masking part of the cell. In the case of MWT, holes have to be drilled through the cell to bring all of the current carrying busbars to the back of the cell. The busbar area is significantly reduced, but complications arise when the tabs of the two contacts have to be electrically isolated from each other. All of this is even more complicated when it comes to thin silicon cells, which are mechanically fragile; for example, drilling holes in thin silicon may easily lead to micro-cracking.
There is a need for improved tab configurations for solar cells, and for improved fabrication processes, particularly for thin silicon solar cells.
The present invention provides a solar cell with a transparent handle, wherein the handle includes grooves/slots into which tabs are inserted, enabling the use of high aspect ratio tabs which reduce the shading of the front side of the solar cell when compared to conventional low aspect ratio tabs. Electrical connection of the tabs to busbars on the surface of the solar cell is through apertures at the bottom of each groove on the transparent handle—the grooves being aligned to the busbars. The apertures may be filled with solder, metal pins, metal spheres or other electrically conductive materials. Furthermore, in embodiments the tabs may be metal wires such as copper wires. The solar cells with transparent handles may be formed into solar cell modules, wherein the solar cells are strung together in series—the tabs connecting the front of one solar cell to the back of the next—and the series connected solar cells are laminated between front and back sheets. Furthermore, the transparent handle with integral tabs simplifies and reduces the cost of solar cell and module fabrication since the top surface of the transparent handle including tabs is completely flat.
According to aspects of the present invention a solar cell structure may comprise: solar cell layers with busbars on the surface of the solar cell layers; a first layer of bonding material over the surface of the solar cell layers and over the surface of the busbars on the surface of the solar cell layers; an optically transparent handle with grooves for tabs and apertures at the bottom of the grooves, wherein the grooves in the optically transparent handle are aligned with the busbars of the first structure and the apertures in the optically transparent handle are aligned with the openings in the first layer of bonding material, wherein the first layer of bonding material attaches the optically transparent handle to the solar cell layers, and wherein the first layer of bonding material has openings to match the apertures in the optically transparent handle; electrical contact materials in the apertures in the optically transparent handle, the electrical contact materials making electrical contact between corresponding electrical contact materials and busbars; and tabs in the grooves, the tabs making electrical contact between corresponding electrical contact materials and tabs.
According to further aspects of the present invention, a method of fabricating a solar cell may comprise: providing a structure including solar cell layers with busbars on the surface of the solar cell layers; providing an optically transparent handle with grooves for tabs and apertures at the bottom of the grooves; applying a sheet of bonding material over the surface of the solar cell layers and over the surface of the busbars on the surface of the solar cell layers, wherein the sheet has openings to match the apertures in the optically transparent handle; aligning the grooves in the optically transparent handle with the busbars of the structure and the apertures in the optically transparent handle with the openings in the sheet, and laminating the optically transparent handle to the structure; introducing electrical contact materials into the apertures in the optically transparent handle, and making electrical contact between corresponding electrical contact materials and busbars; and inserting tabs into the grooves and making electrical contact between corresponding electrical contact materials and tabs.
Further aspects of the invention include solar cell modules comprising the solar cells described herein, and methods for forming the solar cell modules from the solar cells described herein.
FIG. 13 is a photograph of the front side of a solar cell fabricated according to the second process flow of the present invention.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, which are provided as illustrative examples of the invention so as to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Notably, the figures and examples below are not meant to limit the scope of the present invention to a single embodiment, but other embodiments are possible by way of interchange of some or all of the described or illustrated elements. Moreover, where certain elements of the present invention can be partially or fully implemented using known components, only those portions of such known components that are necessary for an understanding of the present invention will be described, and detailed descriptions of other portions of such known components will be omitted so as not to obscure the invention. In the present specification, an embodiment showing a singular component should not be considered limiting; rather, the invention is intended to encompass other embodiments including a plurality of the same component, and vice-versa, unless explicitly stated otherwise herein. Moreover, applicants do not intend for any term in the specification or claims to be ascribed an uncommon or special meaning unless explicitly set forth as such. Further, the present invention encompasses present and future known equivalents to the known components referred to herein by way of illustration.
FIGS. 1A & 1B show a top view and a cross-sectional view of an example of a solar cell module according to some embodiments of the present invention. The solar cell module 100 mat comprise: top and bottom sheets 160 and 170, respectively; and encapsulant/bonding material 180 bonding the top and bottom sheets to a string of solar cells. Each solar cell may comprise: an optically transparent handle 110 attached to epitaxial silicon solar cell layers 130; busbars 140 on the top surface of the solar cell layers 130; and solder contacts 150 electrically connecting the busbars to corresponding tabs 120. Backside metallization layers 190 provide for electrically connecting to the tabs 120 on the backside. In FIG. 1A, the position of the solder contacts 150, which are actually below the tabs, are indicated even though they would not be visible in a top view.
FIG. 2 shows a top view of a tab 120, according to some embodiments of the present invention. Referring to FIGS. 1A, 1B &2, the tab 120 is shown to comprise a thin and wide portion 121, a transition portion 122 and a tall and thin portion 123. The portion 121 is used to electrically connect to the back of a solar cell (the wide surface making contact to the back of the solar cell) and the portion 123 fits in the slots/grooves provided in the transparent handle (see FIG. 3) and makes electrical contact to the busbars, as described above. The portion 122 connects the portions 121 and 123, transitioning from the back to the front surface of consecutive serially connected solar cells. The tabs may be made of OFHC copper with a tin or solder coating, for example, FIG. 2 is not drawn to scale; the length of the different portions of the tab will be sized to match the solar cell substrates being used. Furthermore, the length of the portion 123 will be sized to match the length of the slots/grooves in the optically transparent handle, and the dimensions of the tab measured perpendicular to its length—height and width—may be determined as described below.
FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a transparent handle 110, according to some embodiments of the present invention. The handle 110 has grooves/slots 111 in the top surface and apertures 112 along the length of each groove/slot, for allowing electrical connections to be made between the tabs 120 and corresponding busbars 140. The handles may be made of glass, acrylic or other optically transparent polymer materials with the requisite properties, including rigidity or flexibility, depending on the application. The apertures 112 in the transparent handle 110 may be formed by laser drilling—using a green laser, for example. The slots/grooves 111 may also be formed by laser ablation, although preformed slots/grooves may be readily introduced during the production of the glass or acrylic sheet. Note that the depth of the grooves/slots is preferably matched to the height of the portion 123 of the tabs 120. Furthermore, the width of the grooves/slots is preferably slightly wider than the width of the tabs, permitting ease of placement of the tabs, with sufficient room for the encapsulant to flow between the tab and the transparent handle—for example, a slot width 0.1 mm more than the tab width. An example of dimensions of the features of a 156×156 mm2 transparent handle for a 0.3 mm wide×1.1 mm tall tab is as follows: 1.6 mm thick handle with slots/grooves 0.4 mm wide and 1.1 mm tall and apertures 0.5 mm tall and approx. 0.2 mm in diameter. However, a wide range of tab sizes can be accommodated according to the present invention, ranging from a high aspect ratio tab, such as in the preceding example, to a more conventional 1.5 mm wide×0.2 mm tall tab, for example. In embodiments the ratio of groove height to groove width may be at least 1.0:1.0, in further embodiments the ratio may be at least 2.0:1.0, and in other embodiments the ratio may be at least 2.7:1.0; the corresponding ratios of tab height to tab width for the thin portion 123, may in embodiments be greater than 1.0:1.0, in further embodiments the ratio may be greater than 2.0:1.0, and in other embodiments the ratio may be greater than 2.7:1.0, respectively. Furthermore, the height of the apertures may be determined in some embodiments by the thickness of optically transparent handle that must remain below the grooves/slots in order to provide mechanical integrity of the handle to reduce the occurrence of mechanical failures during handling to an acceptable level. For example, in embodiments the ratio of aperture 112 height to groove/slot 111 height may be at least 1.0:4:00, in further embodiments the ratio may be at least 1.0:2.0, and in other embodiments the ratio may be at least 1.0:1.0.
An example of a first process flow for fabrication of a solar cell according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown in the cross-sectional representations of FIGS. 4-6 (the cross-sectional plane for FIGS. 4-6 being perpendicular to the sectional plane X-X of FIG. 1, although FIGS. 4-6 represent the fabrication of a single solar cell rather than illustrating a finished module). In FIG. 4 an optically transparent handle 110 is shown being aligned to a solar cell such that the apertures 112 and grooves/slots 111 are aligned to the busbars 140, which run into the plane of the page. A very thin layer of encapsulant/bonding material 160 is used to bond the handle to the surface of the solar cell. The encapsulant layer 160 is applied such that the busbars are not covered where the apertures 112 in the handle 110 will be located by having pre-cut holes in the encapsulant layer (which can be made by simple punching) in such a way that the holes don't close after the first lamination so that the busbar is accessible through the holes in the transparent handle for making electrical contact. In FIG. 5, solder contacts 150 are introduced into the apertures 112 in the transparent handle 110. The tabs 120 are then introduced into the grooves/slots 111 and electrically connected to corresponding busbars 140 by the solder contacts 150. In FIG. 6, the solar cell is separated from the silicon substrate 135, using techniques described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0056044 and PCT International Publication No. WO 2013/020111 to K. V. Ravi et al. Once the solar cell is separated from the silicon substrate, the backside of the solar cell can be processed—including deposition of a backside metallization layer 190 (see FIG. 1B).
An example of a second process flow for fabrication of a solar cell according to some embodiments of the present invention is shown in the cross-sectional representations of FIGS. 7-11 (with the same cross-sectional plane as for FIGS. 4-6). In FIG. 7 an optically transparent handle 110 is shown affixed to a solar cell such that the apertures 112 and grooves/slots 111 are aligned to the busbars 140, which run into the plane of the page. A very thin layer of encapsulant/bonding material 160 is used to bond the handle to the surface of the solar cell. The encapsulant layer 160 is applied such that the busbars are not covered where the apertures 112 in the handle 110 are located by having pre-cut holes in the encapsulant layer (which can be made by simple punching) in such a way that the holes don't close after the first lamination so that the busbar is accessible through the holes in the transparent handle for making electrical contact. In FIG. 8, the solar cell is separated from the silicon substrate 135, using techniques described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0056044 and PCT International Publication No. WO 2013/020111 to K. V. Ravi et al. Once the solar cell is separated from the silicon substrate, the backside of the solar cell can be processed normally without the complications of pre-tabbing—depositing a backside metallization layer 190, as shown in FIG. 9. Note that backside processing—using PVD (physical vapor deposition) or LFOC (laser-fired ohmic contacts), for example—was found to be easier at this stage before tabs are affixed. In FIG. 10, solder contacts 150 are introduced into the apertures 112 in the transparent handle 110. The tabs 120 are then introduced into the grooves/slots 111 and electrically connected to corresponding busbars 140 by the solder contacts 150.
Furthermore, in embodiments, instead of filling the apertures 112 in the transparent handle 110 with solder, pre-tinned copper studs, pre-tinned copper spheres or other electrically conductive materials can be used—fixed in place with a material such as conductive adhesive, conductive silver paste, solder, etc. Note that the studs and spheres may be pre-tinned for better wetting by solder during the tab soldering step. See FIG. 11 for an example of the pre-tinned copper spheres 155 and see FIG. 12 for an example of the studs 750. It is noted that the pre-tinned copper spheres are expected to present a lower cost manufacturing process than either using solder or pre-tinned studs; furthermore, the copper spheres can easily be dispensed into the apertures in the transparent handle using a simple pick and place mechanism or similar. Pre-tinning may be achieved using an electroless deposition of Sn on the copper spheres and studs.
Yet furthermore, since solder will be contacting both the busbar and the tab, the tab can also be an electrically conductive wire, such as a copper wire, with an appropriate diameter which can be dropped into the grooves as shown in FIG. 11—see copper wire 125 contacting the surface of the pre-tinned copper sphere 155 with solder 156 in between. As shown in FIG. 11, the solder on the surface of the pre-tinned copper sphere 155 will effectively wet the place where the sphere and the wire touch providing a good contact, and the same is true for the place where the sphere touches the busbar. The copper wire may also be used with the solder filled apertures and with the pre-tinned studs. The solder 156 may be deposited on the busbars at the bottom of the apertures prior to dropping the spheres into the apertures and then solder may be deposited on top of the spheres prior to dropping the tab into the groove.
A photograph of the front side of a solar cell fabricated using the second process flow and copper studs is provided in FIG. 13. The handle on the front side of the solar cell is transparent; consequently, the front side metallization is seen through the handle. Two busbars 140 are seen running horizontally across the solar cell; the parallel lines which run vertically are current collection fingers 142 which channel current to the busbars. The current collection fingers may be fabricated on the surface of the silicon solar cell layers at the same time as the busbars. Circular features 750 can be observed in FIG. 13 which are copper studs which are positioned in the apertures in the transparent handle see FIG. 12 and associated description provided below. Tabs have not yet been added to the solar cell in FIG. 13. The solar cell in FIG. 13 may be characterized (I-V under illumination) using the copper studs to make electrical contact to the front side busbars and metallization on the backside for making electrical contact to the backside; after characterization, the solar cell will be tabbed and connected in series to other solar cells as part of the module fabrication process.
The tabs 120 can have many variations, such as: (1) portions 123 being 0.4 mm wide×0.8 mm tall; (2) portions 123 being 0.5 mm wide×0.6 mm tall; and (3) other variations—for example, the portions 123 can have highly reflective vertical surfaces to collect more light, as shown in FIG. 12, potentially overcoming the shadow losses incurred when light is incident at an angle. FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional representation of a reflective tab 720 electrically connected to busbar 140 by a pre-tinned copper stud 750 with conductive adhesive material 751 between stud and busbar and stud and tab—the conductive adhesive may be a material such as conductive silver paste, solder, etc. Light rays 721 are incident on the reflective surface of the tab 720 and light rays 722 are the corresponding reflected rays which will be absorbed by the epitaxial silicon absorber layer. The handle and other layers are not shown for the sake of clarity. The light reflectivity of the sides of the tabs may be improved by coating with various metals if needed.
The solar cells with transparent handles as described herein may be formed into solar cell modules, wherein the solar cells are strung together in series—the tabs connecting the front of one solar cell to the back of the next—and the series connected solar cells are laminated between front and back sheets, is shown in FIGS. 1A & 1B. A method of fabricating a solar cell module according to some embodiments of the present invention may include: providing a plurality of silicon solar cells with transparent handles and integral tabs, as described herein; laminating the top surfaces of the transparent handles of the plurality of silicon solar cells to a front sheet; stringing together in series the plurality of silicon solar cells, the tabs of the plurality of silicon solar cells connecting the front of one solar cell to the back of the next in the series string; and laminating the back surfaces of the plurality of silicon solar cells to a back sheet. Further details of module fabrication are provided in U.S. patent application publication no. 2013/0056044 and PCT International Publication No. WO 2013/020111 to K. V. Ravi et al.
Advantages of the present invention may include: (1) enabling low shading losses on ultrathin epitaxial silicon without resorting to either MWT or IBC, for example an area gain of 2% or more is expected due solely to implementation of the low shading loss approaches of the present invention; (2) enabling the use of ultra-thin EVA (a significant cost reduction compared to the typical amount of EVA used in current modules—the EVA being thinner because in the present invention the EVA need only be the thickness of the busbar, whereas in the prior art the EVA needs to be the thickness of the tab) with a transparent handle for thin silicon solar cells; (3) reducing the amount of silver metal needed to form the busbars (another significant cost reduction), which are narrower than the typical 1.5 mm due to the use of narrower tabs; (4) fabrication cost can be low (well below $0.50/watt) with a reusable silicon substrate; and (5) an additional cost advantage comes from the use of low cost copper spheres and wires (for tabs) and less use of solder or conductive Ag pastes.
Using the low shading loss tabs, and pre-tinned studs of the present invention, thin silicon solar cells were fabricated—for example, as shown in FIG. 13. The fill factor for these thin silicon cells was measured in the range of 79 to 80 percent, which is a significant improvement over the more usual 75 to 76 percent fill factor for thin silicon measured for cells with conventional tabbing, and is comparable to the fill factors measured for conventional (thick) mono-silicon solar cells with conventional tabbing. Note that these thin silicon solar cells have epitaxial silicon layers with a total thickness of roughly 50 microns, and are representative of thin silicon solar cells having a thickness of the silicon epitaxial layers of about 120 microns or less. The reason for this improved fill factor using the process and structure of the present invention is believed to be due to lower stress in the epitaxial silicon layers than for the prior art structures. (In the prior art devices it is thought that the tabbed epitaxial layers are stressed—the thin epitaxial cells are tabbed before attaching the cells to the handle and since the tabs are typically 200 microns thick compared with the epitaxial layers, which are typically only 50 microns thick, and the tabs do not provide support unfirmly over the area of the epitaxial layers it is expected that the tabbed epitaxial layers are stressed. This is compared with the devices of the present invention which are attached to a handle, which provides uniform support to the epitaxial layers over their top surface, before tabbing.) Furthermore, the process and structure of the present invention are expected to result in improved yields over the prior art—the approach of the present invention is considered to be more robust.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to figures which show specific numbers of tabs, apertures, etc. these figures are representative of the structures and processes, and it is intended that the number of tabs, apertures, etc. will vary depending on the specific solar cells and modules, as will be clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, the figures, with the exception of FIG. 13, are not drawn to scale, but are provided in order to easily illustrate the structures and processes.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to thin silicon solar cells, the principles, teachings and examples of the present invention may also be applied to: thin, fragile and/or flexible solar cells; gallium arsenide based solar cells; solar cells such as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/776,471 entitled “Epitaxial Growth of III-V Solar Cells on Reusable Silicon Substrate with Porous Silicon Separation Layer”, incorporated in its entirety herein; conventional (thick) silicon solar cells; III-V and II-VI type material based solar cells; dual junction and triple junction solar cells including silicon; CIGS material based solar cells; etc. The tabs, transparent handles, and other features of the present invention may be used widely in the solar cell industry to replace the conventional tabs, etc.
Although the present invention has been particularly described with reference to certain embodiments thereof, it should be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that changes and modifications in the form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

matches:
Application No. 61
Application No. 61
V.
V.
V.
V.


text:
Texto-base: CIANCIARUSO, Marcus Vinicius; SILVA, Igor Aurélio; BATALHA, Marco Antônio. Diversidades filogenética e funcional: novas abordagens para a Ecologia de comunidades. Biota Neotropica, v. 9, n. 3, p. 93-103, 2009.
Texto-base: CLINCHY, Michael; SHERIFF, Michael J.; ZANETTE, Liana Y. Predator‐induced stress and the ecology of fear. Functional Ecology, v. 27, n. 1, p. 56-65, 2013.
Texto-base: DOS SANTOS, E. F.; NOLL, F. B.; BRANDÃO, C. R. F. Functional and taxonomic diversity of stinging wasps in Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest areas. Neotropical entomology , v. 43, n. 2, p. 97-105, 2014.
Texto-base: PETCHEY, Owen L.; GASTON, Kevin J. Functional diversity (FD), species richness and community composition. Ecology Letters, v. 5, n. 3, p. 402-411, 2002.
Texto-base: SAFI, Kamran et al. Understanding global patterns of mammalian functional and phylogenetic diversity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 366, n. 1577, p. 2536-2544, 2011.
Texto-base: GALLAO, Jonas E.; BICHUETTE, Maria Elina. Taxonomic distinctness and conservation of a new high biodiversity subterranean area in Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, v. 87, n. 1, p. 209-217, 2015.
Diversidade funcional: a ecologia “pura”, como ensinado nos livros de ecologia, está indo na direção da lâmpada incandescente?
Texto-base: RESETARITS, William J.; CHALCRAFT, David R. Functional diversity within a morphologically conservative genus of predators: implications for functional equivalence and redundancy in ecological communities. Functional Ecology, v. 21, n. 4, p. 793-804, 2007.
Texto-base: SRIVASTAVA, Diane S. et al. Phylogenetic diversity and the functioning of ecosystems. Ecology Letters, v. 15, n. 7, p. 637-648, 2012.
Texto-base: CHILLO, V.; OJEDA, R. A. Mammal functional diversity loss under human-induced disturbances in arid lands. Journal of Arid Environments, v. 87, p. 95-102, 2012.
Texto-base: DEHLING, D. Matthias et al. Functional and phylogeneticdiversity and assemblage structure of frugivorous birds along an elevational gradient in the tropical Andes. Ecography, v. 37, n. 11, p. 1047-1055, 2014.
Texto-base: BAÑOS-PICÓN, Laura et al. Analyzing insect community structure through the application of taxonomic distinctness measures. Zoological Studies, v. 48, n. 3, p. 298-314, 2009.
Texto-base: BLAUM, Nielset al. How functional is functional? Ecological groupings in terrestrial animal ecology: towards an animal functional type approach. Biodiversityand Conservation, v. 20, n. 11, p. 2333-2345, 2011.
Texto-base: CHAPIN III, F. Stuart et al. Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature, v. 405, n. 6783, p. 234-242, 2000.
Texto-base: CARVALHO, R. A. et al. Drafting a blueprint for functional and phylogeneticdiversity conservation in the Brazilian Cerrado. Nat. Conserv, v. 8, p. 171-176, 2010.
Texto-base: PU, Zhichaoetal. Phylogenetic diversity stabilizes community biomass. Journal of Plant Ecology, p. 071, 2014.
Texto-base: DALERUM, Fredrik. Phylogeneticand functional diversity in large carnivore assemblages. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, v. 280, n. 1760, p. 20130049, 2013.

matches: v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v.


text:
Information: He is given credit as the founder of the Alsop Family. Places Lived: 1175, Gamel de Haleshoppe was listed in the Pipe Rolls of Derbyshire, England. He was the first known person with this last name in the area.
+ 2 i. Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, born Abt. 1150; died Abt. 1224 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
3 ii. Hugh de Alsopp, died Unknown.
Property: Bet. 1189 - 1191, Went with King Richard I on the third Crusade to the Holy Land. In recognition for bravery and competence he was bestowed with Knighthood. He was given land by Sir Ralph de Lyleburne in Derbyshire.
2. Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp (Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1150, and died Abt. 1224 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
More About Gweno De (Alsope) Alsopp: Honors-11: Abt. 1195, Gweno was given control of Alsop-En-Le-Dale.
+ 4 i. Henry3 De Alsopp, born Abt. 1188; died Abt. 1258 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
Generation No. 3 4. Henry3 De Alsopp (Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1188, and died Abt. 1258 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England. He married Margery. She was born Abt. 1190, and died Unknown in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
+ 5 i. William4 De Alsopp, born Abt. 1235 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England. 6 ii. Richard De Alsopp, born Abt. 1212 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
5. William4 De Alsopp (Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1235 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died Unknown in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
+ 7 i. Ranulph5 De Alsopp I, born Abt. 1265 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Abt. 1320 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
7. Ranulph5 De Alsopp I (William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1265 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died Abt. 1320 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England. He married Beatrix. She was born Abt. 1269, and died Unknown in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
+ 8 i. Ranulph6 De Alsopp II, born Abt. 1295 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Abt. 1342 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
8. Ranulph6 De Alsopp II (Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1295 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died Abt. 1342 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England. He married Agnes. She was born Abt. 1298, and died Unknown in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
+ 9 i. Richard7 De Alsopp, born 1325 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died 1385 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
9. Richard7 De Alsopp (Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born 1325 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died 1385 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England. He married Margery. She was born Abt. 1329, and died Unknown in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
+ 10 i. Thomas8 De Alsopp, born Abt. 1355 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Abt. 1412 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
10. Thomas8 De Alsopp (Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1355 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died Abt. 1412 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
Child of Thomas De Alsopp is: + 11 i. John9 Alsopp I, born Abt. 1385 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Abt. 1441 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
I (Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1385 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died Abt. 1441 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
+ 12 i. John10 Alsopp II, born Abt. 1410 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
12. John10 Alsopp II (John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1410 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died Unknown in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
+ 13 i. John11 Alsopp III, born Abt. 1440 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
13. John11 Alsopp III (John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1440 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died Unknown in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
+ 14 i. Thomas12 Alsopp, born Abt. 1470 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Abt. 1530 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
+ 15 ii. John Alsopp, born Abt. 1472 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
14. Thomas12 Alsopp (John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1470 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died Abt. 1530 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England. He married Jane Erdeswick, daughter of Hugh Erdeswick. She was born Abt. 1473 in Sandon, Stafford, England, and died Unknown.
+ 16 i. John (Alsope)13 Alsopp, born Abt. 1495 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Abt. 1560 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
15. John12 Alsopp (John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1472 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died Unknown. He married Elizabeth Kniveton. She was born in of Mercaston, Derbyshire, England, and died Unknown.
+ 17 i. Thomas13 Alsopp, born in Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
16. John (Alsope)13 Alsopp (Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1495 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died Abt. 1560 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England. He married (1) Jane Beresford, daughter of John Beresford. She was born Abt. 1496 in of Fenny, Bentley, and died 1518 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England. He married (2) Margery Sleigh. She died Unknown.
+ 18 i. George14 Alsopp, born Abt. 1520 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Abt. 1581 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
19 ii. Thomazine Alsopp, died Unknown. She married Henry Kayes; born in Kilbourne, England; died Unknown.
20 i. Margery14 Alsopp, died Unknown.
21 ii. Grace Alsopp, died Unknown.
22 iii. Elizabeth Alsopp, died Unknown.
23 iv. Ellena Alsopp, died Unknown.
24 v. Anthoney Alsopp, died Unknown.
25 vi. Thomas Alsopp, died Unknown.
26 vii. Henry Alsopp, died Unknown.
17. Thomas13 Alsopp (John12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born in Derbyshire, England, and died Unknown. He married Anne Basset, daughter of William Basset and Elizabeth Meverell. She was born in Blore, England, and died Unknown.
27 i. Thomas14 Alsopp, died Unknown. He married Elizabeth; born Bet. 1493 - 1518; died 1579 in Potterton, Barwick-in-Elmet parish, West Riding, Yorkshire, England.
Elizabeth was the third cousin of her husband Thomas.
18. George14 Alsopp (John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1520 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died Abt. 1581 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England. He married Jane (Joan) Eggerton, daughter of William Eggerton. She was born Abt. 1582 in of Wall Grange, England, and died Unknown.
+ 28 i. John15 Alsopp, born Abt. 1547; died 1602.
+ 29 ii. Thomas Alsopp, born in ALSop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
30 iii. George Alsopp, died Unknown.
31 iv. Elizabeth Alsopp, died Unknown.
28. John15 Alsopp (George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1547, and died 1602. He married (1) Anne Alsopp, daughter of Thomas Alsopp and Anne Basset. She was born 1554, and died Unknown. He married (2) Elizabeth Twin in London, England. She was born in Duxford, Kent, England, and died Unknown.
32 i. Thomas16 Alsopp, died Unknown.
33 ii. George Alsopp, died Unknown.
34 iii. Elizabeth Alsopp, died Unknown.
+ 35 iv. Anthony Alsopp, born Abt. 1574; died 1617.
29. Thomas15 Alsopp (George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born in ALSop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died Unknown. He married Isabel Whalley, daughter of (___) Whalley. She died Unknown.
36 i. George16 Alsopp, died Unknown.
35. Anthony16 Alsopp (John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1574, and died 1617. He married Jane Smith, daughter of Richard Smith. She was born 1574 in Of Cambridge ( Rochester), Staffordshire, England, and died Unknown.
+ 37 i. John17 Alsop, born 1595 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died 1631 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
38 ii. Timothy Alsop, born in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
39 iii. Thomas Alsop, born in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
40 iv. Ralph Alsop, born in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
41 v. Marmaduke Alsop, born in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
42 vi. Anne Alsop, born in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown. She married (___) Walton; born in Eggington, England; died Unknown.
43 vii. Sarah Alsop, born in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
44 viii. Dorothy Alsop, born in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown. She married Henry Hopkinson, esq; born in of Lincoln's Inn, England; died Unknown.
45 ix. Ranulph Alsop, born in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
37. John17 Alsop (Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born 1595 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died 1631 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England. He married Temperance Gilbert 01 May 1617, daughter of William Gilbert. She was born Abt. 1600 in Mickleover, Derbyshire, England, and died Unknown.
+ 46 i. Anthony18 Allsopp, born Abt. 1619 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Aft. 1691.
47 ii. John Allsopp, born Abt. 1620 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died 1646.
48 iii. Timothy Allsopp, born Abt. 1620 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
49 iv. Jane Allsopp, born Abt. 1620 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
50 v. Joseph Allsopp, born 18 Jan 1621 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died 08 Nov 1698. He married Elizabeth Preston; born Bef. 18 Jan 1623; died 29 Aug 1693.
51 vi. Mary Allsopp, born Abt. 1623 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
52 vii. Elisabeth Allsopp, born 1625 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Jul 1688.
53 viii. George Allsopp, born Abt. 1626 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died 1679.
54 ix. Clara Allsopp, born Abt. 1627 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
46. Anthony18 Allsopp (John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1619 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died Aft. 1691. He married Eleanor Gell Jun 1637 in Carsington, Derbyshire, England, daughter of SirJohn Gell and Elizabeth Willoughby. She was born 1619 in Hopton, Derbyshire, England, and died 1712.
Anthony Alsop, sold Alsop-En-La-Dale in 1691 to Sir Philip Gell, a relative of his wife, Eleanor. He also sold other properties between 1688 and 1689. The reason is not known.
+ 55 i. John19 Allsopp, born 1638 in Carsington, England; died Unknown in Market Weeton, in the Wolds, York, England.
56 ii. Thomas Allsopp, died Unknown.
57 iii. Timothy Allsopp, died Unknown.
+ 58 iv. Samuel Allsopp, born Abt. 1655 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Bef. 27 Feb 1729 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
59 v. Marmaduke Allsopp, died Unknown.
60 vi. Elizabeth Allsopp, died Unknown.
61 vii. Hannah Allsopp, died Unknown.
62 viii. Eleanor Allsopp, died Unknown.
63 ix. Mary Allsopp, died 05 Dec 1713.
+ 64 x. Hester Allsopp, died Unknown.
55. John19 Allsopp (Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born 1638 in Carsington, England, and died Unknown in Market Weeton, in the Wolds, York, England. He married Katherine Cope. She was born in Fenny Bentley, England, and died Unknown.
65 i. John20 Allsopp, born 1694; died Unknown.
58. Samuel19 Allsopp (Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Abt. 1655 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died Bef. 27 Feb 1729 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England. He married Mary Wast 1681. She was born Abt. 1655, and died Unknown.
66 i. Sarah20 Allsop, born 1683 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died Apr 1772. She married Robert Mellor; born in Idridgehay, Derby, England; died Unknown.
67 ii. Mary Allsop, died Mar 1686 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England.
+ 68 iii. Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop) Allsop, born 1688 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England; died 03 Mar 1716.
64. Hester19 Allsopp (Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) died Unknown. She married Josiah Trott. He was born in Mappleton, England, and died Unknown.
69 i. Josiah20 Trott II, died Unknown.
70 ii. Baptist Trott, died Unknown.
68. Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop (Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born 1688 in Alsop-En-La-Dale, Derbyshire, England, and died 03 Mar 1716. He married Bridget Bearcroft, daughter of Thomas Bearcroft and Bridget Mason. She was born 1679 in Upton-on-Severn, Wor, England, and died 22 May 1747.
+ 71 i. Thomas21 Allsopp, born 1705 in St. Swithin Pa., Worcestershire, England or Derby and Berlingham Hall; died 08 Dec 1783.
72 ii. Bridget Allsopp, died Unknown.
73 iii. Richard Allsopp, died Unknown.
74 iv. Samuel Allsopp, died Unknown.
75 v. Mary Allsopp, died Unknown.
71. Thomas21 Allsopp (Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born 1705 in St. Swithin Pa., Worcestershire, England or Derby and Berlingham Hall, and died 08 Dec 1783. He married Anne Challinor 08 Dec 1733 in Hanbury, Staffordshire, England, daughter of William Challinor. She was born 08 Dec 1702 in Of Faulde, Staffordhire, England, and died May 1786.
76 i. Mary22 Allsopp, born 1734 in All Saints, Birlington Hall, Derbyshire, England; died 16 May 1769.
77 ii. Thomas Allsopp, born 14 Sep 1736 in All Saints Par., Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
78 iii. Samuel Allsopp, born 1738 in All Saints, Birlington Hall, Derbyshire, England; died Aft. 1744.
79 iv. William Allsopp, born 1740 in All Saints, Birlington Hall, Derbyshire, England; died 16 Nov 1769.
80 v. Annie Allsopp, born 1742 in All Saints, Birlington Hall, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
81 vi. Robert Allsopp, born 1745 in All Saints, Birlington Hall, Derbyshire, England; died 1769.
82 vii. Richard Allsopp, born Abt. 1746 in All Saints, Birlington Hall, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
83 viii. George Allsopp, born 1747 in All Saints, Birlington Hall, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
+ 84 ix. James Allsopp, born 1751 in Derbyshire, England; died 24 Apr 1800.
84. James22 Allsopp (Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born 1751 in Derbyshire, England, and died 24 Apr 1800. He married Anne Wilson 30 Jun 1778 in Barton, Burton-On-Trent, Staffordshire, England, daughter of Benjamin Wilson. She was born Abt. 1753 in Of, Burton on Trent, Staffordshire, England, and died 02 Sep 1845.
85 i. Anne23 Allsopp, born 1779 in All Saints, Derby, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
86 ii. Samuel Allsopp, born 12 Aug 1780 in Burton-On-Trent, Derbyshire, England; died 26 Feb 1838. He married Frances Fowler 06 Sep 1804; died Unknown.
Occupation: 1805, Founded the "Samuel Allsopp and Company" in Burton England.
87 iii. Thomas Allsopp, born 21 Mar 1782 in Of Newton Solney, Derbyshire, England; died 1855.
+ 88 iv. Robert Allsopp, born 1783 in of Newton Solney, Derbyshire, England; died Unknown.
89 v. James Allsopp, born Abt. 1785 in Of Newton Solney, Derbyshire, England; died 01 Oct 1785.
90 vi. Hannah Allsopp, born Abt. 1789 in Of Newton Solney, Derbyshire, England; died 22 Dec 1792.
88. Robert23 Allsopp (James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born 1783 in of Newton Solney, Derbyshire, England, and died Unknown. He married Mary Allcroft, daughter of Peter Allcroft and Sarah (Widdison). She was born 18 Dec 1774 in Staveley, Derby, England, and died 27 Jun 1835 in At sea, on journey to America..
Ancestry.com. New York, 1820-1850 Passenger and Immigration Lists [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: MyFamily.com, Inc., 2003. Original data: New York. Registers of Vessels Arriving at the Port of New York from Foreign Ports, 1789-1919. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. Micropublication M237, rolls # 1-95.
Immigration: 1835, Robert immigrated with his wife and children to America.
Burial: 1836, Mary Allcroft died on the ship while coming to America. She was buried at sea.
91 i. Richard24 Allsopp, born Dec 1811; died Unknown in Canada.
92 ii. William Allsopp, born Aug 1812; died Unknown in Newburgh, New York.
New York. Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York, New York, 1820-1897. Micropublication M237. Rolls # 1-675. National Archives, Washington, D.C.
93 iii. Robert Jennings Allsopp, born Jan 1814 in Died as an infant; died Unknown.
+ 94 iv. John Allsopp, born 15 Sep 1815 in Teversal, near Nottinghamshire, England; died 1851 in McDonough County, Illinois.
95 v. Robert Allsopp, born Aug 1817; died 1834 in Mansfield, England.
96 vi. Thomas Allsopp, born Feb 1819; died 1854 in Seneca, Ontario County, New York. He married Laura Baker; died Unknown.
+ 97 vii. Mary Allsopp, born Dec 1820; died Unknown.
+ 98 viii. Elizabeth Allsopp, born Nov 1822; died Unknown.
94. John24 Allsopp (Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born 15 Sep 1815 in Teversal, near Nottinghamshire, England, and died 1851 in McDonough County, Illinois. He married Elizabeth "Betsy" Mather 24 Dec 1836 in Dutchess County, New York, daughter of Charles Mather and Charlotte Rose. She was born 13 Oct 1816 in Wingerworth, Derbyshire, England, and died 1892 in Pike County, Illinois.
John and Elizabeth left New York and traveled to Illinois between 1839 and 1840. Their first child, Aaron, was born in 1839 in New York. They are found on the 1840 Census for Adams County, Illinois.
Occupation: Elizabeth was a teacher in England before migrating to America.
99 i. Mary S25 (Alsup), born 30 Oct 1837 in New York, New York, New York; died Unknown.
100 ii. Anna Nancy (Alsup), born 26 Oct 1839 in New York; died 06 Sep 1897. She married George Gaylen Taylor 24 Apr 1862; born 1840; died 1904.
101 iii. Elizabeth Allsopp (Alsup), born 18 Aug 1842 in McDonough County, Illinois; died 1883. She married W. Morrison 1870; died Unknown.
+ 102 iv. Charlotte Allsop (Alsup), born 06 Jan 1847 in McDonough County, Illinois; died 26 Dec 1920 in Knoxville, Marion County, Illinois.
+ 103 v. John James Allsop (Alsup), born 19 Jul 1850 in McDonough County, Illinois; died 19 Apr 1926 in Albia, Iowa.
97. Mary24 Allsopp (Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Dec 1820, and died Unknown. She married Charles Teall. He died Unknown.
104 i. Charles25 Teall, died Unknown.
105 ii. James Teall, died Unknown.
98. Elizabeth24 Allsopp (Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Nov 1822, and died Unknown. She married James Teall. He died Unknown.
106 i. Anna25 Teall, died Unknown in Died at age 5..
107 ii. Fred Teall, died Unknown.
+ 108 iii. Edward Teall, died Unknown.
102. Charlotte Allsop25 (Alsup) (John24 Allsopp, Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born 06 Jan 1847 in McDonough County, Illinois, and died 26 Dec 1920 in Knoxville, Marion County, Illinois. She married James W. Houston 07 Aug 1866 in Pike's County, Illinois Book A, Pg 11, Pike Co. Ill. He died Unknown.
+ 109 i. Elizabeth26 Houston, died Unknown.
103. John James Allsop25 (Alsup) (John24 Allsopp, Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born 19 Jul 1850 in McDonough County, Illinois, and died 19 Apr 1926 in Albia, Iowa. He married (1) Martha Rubart 04 Jul 1867 in Pike County, Illinois, daughter of Reed Rubart and Mary John. She was born 12 Jun 1851 in Beverly, Adam County, Illinois, and died 15 Dec 1879 in Illinois. He married (2) Emily J. Hobbs 17 Feb 1881. She was born in Perry, Illinois, and died 20 Jul 1890. He married (3) Harriet Nellie Forgy 24 Dec 1893 in Pike County, Illinois. She died Unknown.
+ 110 i. Marion M.26 Alsup, born in Baylis, Pike County, Illinois; died 19 Dec 1935 in Illinois.
+ 111 ii. Allen A. Alsup, born Apr 1871 in Troy Township, Monroe County, Illinois; died 1915 in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
112 i. Martha26 Alsup, born 1882; died Unknown. She married Ira Gladson; died Unknown.
113 ii. Ben Alsup, born 1883; died Unknown.
114 i. Iola26 Alsup, died Unknown. She married Ray Robinson; died Unknown.
115 ii. John Harry Alsup, died 19 Jun 1919. He married Hazel Mott; died Unknown.
108. Edward25 Teall (Elizabeth24 Allsopp, Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) died Unknown. He married (___) Lauterman. She died Unknown.
116 i. Dorothy26 Teall, died Unknown.
117 ii. George Teall, born 1890; died Unknown. He married Gladys Scott; died Unknown.
118 iii. Fred Teall, died Unknown.
109. Elizabeth26 Houston (Charlotte Allsop25 (Alsup), John24 Allsopp, Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) died Unknown. She married James H Weaver. He died Unknown.
119 i. Leta27 Weaver, died Abt. 1980 in Des Moines, Iowa. She married (__) Pecinovsky; died Unknown.
110. Marion M.26 Alsup (John James Allsop25 (Alsup), John24 Allsopp, Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born in Baylis, Pike County, Illinois, and died 19 Dec 1935 in Illinois. He married Mary E. Test, daughter of Mrs. Test. She died 21 Dec 1934.
Places Lived: 1919, In the 1919 Prairie Index, this family is listed as living in Baylis R2 Hadley Section 13...they owned 80 acres.
+ 120 i. John "Everett"27 Alsup, born Private.
121 ii. Chloe Alsup, born Private.
111. Allen A.26 Alsup (John James Allsop25 (Alsup), John24 Allsopp, Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Apr 1871 in Troy Township, Monroe County, Illinois, and died 1915 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He married Susan "Monie" Charlotta Hill, daughter of Cholin Hill and Susan Turner. She was born Apr 1875 in Iowa, and died Unknown.
Burial: 1915, Oaklawn Cemetery, Tulsa, Oklahoma Section 18.
122 i. Lois27 Alsup, born Mar 1897 in Montgomery or Monroe County, Iowa; died Abt. 1924.
123 ii. Gladys Bonita Alsup, born 26 Jan 1901 in Montgomery County, Iowa; died Mar 1982 in San Francisco, San Francisco County, California. She married (1) Unknown Griffith; died Unknown. She married (2) Clarence Woods Abt. 1930; died Unknown.
+ 124 iii. Quanna(h) Oma Talaquah Alsup, born 19 Aug 1907 in Broken Arrow, Tulsa County, Oklahoma; died Unknown.
+ 125 iv. Quentine "Tiny" Juanita Alsup, born 15 Mar 1909 in Broken Arrow, Tulsa County, Oklahoma; died 13 Sep 1989 in San Francisco, San Francisco County, California.
+ 126 v. Allen Reed Alsup, born 19 Mar 1913 in Tulsa, Oklahoma; died Aug 1976 in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
120. John "Everett" 27 Alsup (Marion M.26, John James Allsop25 (Alsup), John24 Allsopp, Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Private.
127 i. Marjorie28 Alsup, born Private. She married Tom Stoudt Private; born Private.
124. Quanna(h) Oma Talaquah27 Alsup (Allen A.26, John James Allsop25 (Alsup), John24 Allsopp, Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born 19 Aug 1907 in Broken Arrow, Tulsa County, Oklahoma, and died Unknown. He married Dorothy Private. She was born Private.
128 i. Quanna Lee28 Alsup, born Private.
125. Quentine "Tiny" Juanita27 Alsup (Allen A.26, John James Allsop25 (Alsup), John24 Allsopp, Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born 15 Mar 1909 in Broken Arrow, Tulsa County, Oklahoma, and died 13 Sep 1989 in San Francisco, San Francisco County, California. She married (1) Louis "Denzel" Duggins Abt. 1924, son of William Duggins and Carrie Alexander. He was born 20 Jul 1905 in Moberly, Randolph County, Missouri, and died 24 Nov 1972 in San Bernardino, California. She married (2) William Winfield Noyes 06 May 1935 in Cushing, Oklahoma. He was born 25 Aug 1901 in Bells, Texas, and died 18 Jan 1965 in Los Angeles, California.
+ 129 i. Lahlee28 Duggins, born Private.
+ 130 ii. Barbara Lee "Rusty" Duggins, born 24 Mar 1927 in Tulsa, Oklahoma; died 07 Feb 2004 in 78-275 "A" Blue Sky Way, La Quinta, California 92253.
+ 131 i. William Winfield Jr.28 Noyes, born Private.
126. Allen Reed27 Alsup (Allen A.26, John James Allsop25 (Alsup), John24 Allsopp, Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born 19 Mar 1913 in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and died Aug 1976 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He married Jewell Private. She was born Private.
Year: 1930; Census Place: Precinct 7, Bexar, Texas; Roll: T626_2299; Page: 6A; Enumeration District: 187; Image: 0365.
132 i. Kenneth Allen28 Alsup, born Private.
133 ii. Alene Alsup, born Private.
129. Lahlee28 Duggins (Quentine "Tiny" Juanita27 Alsup, Allen A.26, John James Allsop25 (Alsup), John24 Allsopp, Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Private. She married (1) William Joseph Knittle Private. He was born 16 Jan 1916 in Williamsport, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, and died 02 Feb 1985 in Los Angeles, California. She married (2) Frank Anthony Morrell Private. He was born 12 Nov 1927 in Los Angeles, California, and died 01 Dec 1992 in Culver City, Los Angeles, California.
+ 134 i. Raymond George29 Knittle, born Private.
+ 135 ii. William Joseph Knittle, Jr., born Private.
+ 136 iii. Susan Quentine Knittle, born Private.
+ 137 iv. Richard Michael Knittle, born Private.
130. Barbara Lee "Rusty"28 Duggins (Quentine "Tiny" Juanita27 Alsup, Allen A.26, John James Allsop25 (Alsup), John24 Allsopp, Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born 24 Mar 1927 in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and died 07 Feb 2004 in 78-275 "A" Blue Sky Way, La Quinta, California 92253. She married (1) Delmer Joseph "Buzz" Trible 07 Jun 1944. He was born 23 Sep 1925, and died 18 Jun 1994. She married (2) Milton Edward Kurtz Private. He was born Private. She married (3) Richard Thornton Hauer 10 Jun 1967. He was born 05 Oct 1920, and died 18 Aug 1988 in San Francisco, California.
Aunt Babs (Barbara) passed away peacefully today, Saturday, February 7, 2004 about 4:00pm (California time) with her daughter, Shari, son-in-law, Jay and grandson, Darryl by her side. Her son, David and his daughters had visited last week and said their good-byes.
to have a celebration of her life.
She passed away from lung/breast cancer.
Delmer was a POW during the Korean War.
+ 138 i. Sharon Lee29 Trible, born Private.
+ 139 ii. David Joseph Trible, born Private.
131. William Winfield Jr.28 Noyes (Quentine "Tiny" Juanita27 Alsup, Allen A.26, John James Allsop25 (Alsup), John24 Allsopp, Robert23, James22, Thomas21, Samuel ( Allsopp) (Alsop)20 Allsop, Samuel19 Allsopp, Anthony18, John17 Alsop, Anthony16 Alsopp, John15, George14, John (Alsope)13, Thomas12, John11, John10, John9, Thomas8 De Alsopp, Richard7, Ranulph6, Ranulph5, William4, Henry3, Gweno De (Alsope)2 Alsopp, Gamellus (Gamel) De ( Alsope) (Haleshoppe)1 Alsop) was born Private. He married Judith Voylene Masters Private. She was born Private.
140 i. Lori29 Noyes, born Private.
+ 141 ii. Lynda Lee Noyes, born Private.
Allen Alsup 1871-1915 Tulsa, Oklahoma. Great grandfather of Susan Q. Knittle-Hunter. Wife of Susan Charlotta Hill.
Quentine (Tiny) Juanita Alsup Duggins Noyes (About age 16 in about 1925).
Lahlee (b 1925) and Barbara Duggins (b 1927) abt 1929. Daughters of Quentine Juanita Alsup and Louis Denzel Duggins.
(L to R) Lahlee Duggins, Quentine Jaunita Alsup Noyes, William Winfield Noyes Sr (2nd husband), Barbara Alsup, William Winfield Noyes Jr. (front).

matches: v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v.


FACTS: Able, a calendar year taxpayer, obtained a judgment of divorce in November, 1987. The judgment did not become final until February, 1988.
ISSUE: What is Able's filing status for the 1987 tax year?
DISCUSSION: For filing purposes, a taxpayer's marital status is generally determined at the close of the taxpayer's taxable year, G.L. c. 62, § 1(g), and an individual is considered married unless legally separated from his or her spouse under a decree [judgment] of divorce. Id.
In Massachusetts, judgments of divorce are initially issued as judgments nisi, temporary in nature, which generally become absolute after 90 days unless the court orders otherwise. G.L. c. 208, § 21.
While the judgment nisi is a judgment of divorce, that judgment does not change the marital status of the parties, Sheffer v. Sheffer, 316 Mass. 575 (1944), and the marriage remains in force for 90 days until the judgment nisi becomes absolute. Ross v. Ross, 385 Mass. 30 (1982). Consequently, the "decree of divorce" referred to in G.L. c. 62, § 1(g) is the absolute judgment, not the judgment nisi.
DIRECTIVE: At the close of Able's tax year the judgment nisi entered in his case had not yet become absolute. Able was, therefore, married and could file either jointly or as married filing separately. In order to file jointly, however, Able's spouse must also sign the return. If the spouse cannot be located or refuses to sign a joint return, Able must file as married filing separately.
REFERENCE: G.L. c. 62, § 1(g); G.L. c. 208, § 21; Sheffer v. Sheffer, 316 Mass. 575 (1944); Ross v. Ross, 385 Mass. 30 (1982).


The Secretary shall establish and implement programs under which competitive acquisition areas are established throughout the United States for contract award purposes for the furnishing under this part of competitively priced items and services (described in paragraph (2)) for which payment is made under this part. Such areas may differ for different items and services.
may be phased in first among the highest cost and highest volume items and services or those items and services that the Secretary determines have the largest savings potential.
In carrying out the programs, the Secretary may waive such provisions of the Federal Acquisition Regulation as are necessary for the efficient implementation of this section, other than provisions relating to confidentiality of information and such other provisions as the Secretary determines appropriate.
there shall be excluded negative pressure wound therapy items and services.
Nothing in subclause (I) shall be construed to provide an independent cause of action or right to administrative or judicial review with regard to the termination provided under such subclause.
the Secretary may subdivide metropolitan statistical areas with populations (based upon the most recent data from the Census Bureau) of at least 8,000,000 into separate areas for competitive acquisition purposes.
Metropolitan statistical areas not selected under round 1 or round 2 with a population of less than 250,000.
Areas with a low population density within a metropolitan statistical area that is otherwise selected, as determined for purposes of paragraph (3)(A).
The Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services shall, through post-award audit, survey, or otherwise, assess the process used by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to conduct competitive bidding and subsequent pricing determinations under this section that are the basis for pivotal bid amounts and single payment amounts for items and services in competitive bidding areas under rounds 1 and 2 of the competitive acquisition programs under this section and may continue to verify such calculations for subsequent rounds of such programs.
may not reject the bid on the basis that any covered document is missing or has not been submitted on a timely basis, if all such missing documents identified in the notice provided to the bidder under subclause (I) are submitted to the Secretary not later than 10 business days after the date of such notice.
the date that is 30 days after the first date specified by the Secretary for submission of bids under such program.
shall not be construed as permitting a bidder to change bidding amounts or to make other changes in a bid submission.
In this subparagraph, the term “covered document” means a financial, tax, or other document required to be submitted by a bidder as part of an original bid submission under a competitive acquisition program in order to meet required financial standards. Such term does not include other documents, such as the bid itself or accreditation documentation.
With respect to rounds of competitions beginning under this subsection for contracts beginning not earlier than January 1, 2017, and not later than January 1, 2019, an entity may not submit a bid for a competitive acquisition area unless, as of the deadline for bid submission, the entity has obtained (and provided the Secretary with proof of having obtained) a bid surety bond (in this paragraph referred to as a “bid bond”) in a form specified by the Secretary consistent with subparagraph (H) and in an amount that is not less than $50,000 and not more than $100,000 for each competitive acquisition area in which the entity submits the bid.
the bid bond submitted by such entity for such area shall be forfeited by the entity and the Secretary shall collect on it.
In the case of a bidding entity for any product category for a competitive acquisition area, if the entity does not meet the bid forfeiture conditions in subclauses (I) and (II) of clause (i) for any product category for such area, the bid bond submitted by such entity for such area shall be returned within 90 days of the public announcement of the contract suppliers for such area.
Covered items (as defined in section 1395m(a)(13) of this title) for which payment would otherwise be made under section 1395m(a) of this title, including items used in infusion and drugs (other than inhalation drugs) and supplies used in conjunction with durable medical equipment, but excluding class III devices under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.], excluding certain complex rehabilitative power wheelchairs recognized by the Secretary as classified within group 3 or higher (and related accessories when furnished in connection with such wheelchairs), and excluding drugs and biologicals described in section 1395u(o)(1)(D) of this title.
Items and services described in section 1395u(s)(2)(D) of this title, other than parenteral nutrients, equipment, and supplies.
Orthotics described in section 1395x(s)(9) of this title for which payment would otherwise be made under section 1395m(h) of this title which require minimal self-adjustment for appropriate use and do not require expertise in trimming, bending, molding, assembling, or customizing to fit to the individual.
items and services for which the application of competitive acquisition is not likely to result in significant savings.
In the case of a covered item for which payment is made on a rental basis under section 1395m(a) of this title and in the case of payment for oxygen under section 1395m(a)(5) of this title, the Secretary shall establish a process by which rental agreements for the covered items and supply arrangements with oxygen suppliers entered into before the application of the competitive acquisition program under this section for the item may be continued notwithstanding this section. In the case of any such continuation, the supplier involved shall provide for appropriate servicing and replacement, as required under section 1395m(a) of this title.
With respect to items or services included within a particular HCPCS code, the Secretary may establish a process for certain items and services under which a physician may prescribe a particular brand or mode of delivery of an item or service within such code if the physician determines that use of the particular item or service would avoid an adverse medical outcome on the individual, as determined by the Secretary.
A prescription under subparagraph (A) shall not affect the amount of payment otherwise applicable for the item or service under the code involved.
For each competitive acquisition area in which the program is implemented under this subsection with respect to items and services, the payment basis determined under the competition conducted under subsection (b) shall be substituted for the payment basis otherwise applied under section 1395m(a) of this title, section 1395m(h) of this title, or section 1395u(s) of this title, as appropriate.
by a hospital to the hospital’s own patients during an admission or on the date of discharge.
to which such programs would not apply, as specified by the Secretary, if furnished by a physician to the physician’s own patients as part of the physician’s professional service.
The Secretary shall conduct a competition among entities supplying items and services described in subsection (a)(2) for each competitive acquisition area in which the program is implemented under subsection (a) with respect to such items and services.
The entity meets applicable quality standards specified by the Secretary under section 1395m(a)(20) of this title.
The entity meets applicable financial standards specified by the Secretary, taking into account the needs of small providers.
The total amounts to be paid to contractors in a competitive acquisition area are expected to be less than the total amounts that would otherwise be paid.
Access of individuals to a choice of multiple suppliers in the area is maintained.
The entity meets applicable State licensure requirements.
Any delay in the implementation of quality standards under section 1395m(a)(20) of this title or delay in the receipt of advice from the program oversight committee established under subsection (c) shall not delay the implementation of the competitive acquisition program under this section.
A contract entered into with an entity under the competition conducted pursuant to paragraph (1) is subject to terms and conditions that the Secretary may specify.
The Secretary shall recompete contracts under this section not less often than once every 3 years.
whether each such subcontractor meets the requirement of section 1395m(a)(20)(F)(i) of this title, if applicable to such subcontractor.
Not later than 10 days after such a supplier subsequently enters into a subcontracting relationship described in clause (i)(II), such supplier shall disclose to the Secretary, in such form and manner, the information described in subclauses (I) and (II) of clause (i).
The Secretary may limit the number of contractors in a competitive acquisition area to the number needed to meet projected demand for items and services covered under the contracts. In awarding contracts, the Secretary shall take into account the ability of bidding entities to furnish items or services in sufficient quantities to meet the anticipated needs of individuals for such items or services in the geographic area covered under the contract on a timely basis.
The Secretary shall award contracts to multiple entities submitting bids in each area for an item or service.
Payment under this part for competitively priced items and services described in subsection (a)(2) shall be based on bids submitted and accepted under this section for such items and services. Based on such bids the Secretary shall determine a single payment amount for each item or service in each competitive acquisition area.
Payment under this section for items and services shall be in an amount equal to 80 percent of the payment basis described in subparagraph (A).
Before applying clause (i), the individual shall be required to meet the deductible described in section 1395l(b) of this title.
Payment for any item or service furnished by the entity may only be made under this section on an assignment-related basis.
Nothing in this section shall be construed as precluding the use of an advanced beneficiary notice with respect to a competitively priced item and service.
the Secretary has awarded a contract to the contractor for such items and services under this section.
In this section, the term “bid” means an offer to furnish an item or service for a particular price and time period that includes, where appropriate, any services that are attendant to the furnishing of the item or service.
In applying subparagraph (A) to a contractor, the contractor shall include a successor entity in the case of a merger or acquisition, if the successor entity assumes such contract along with any liabilities that may have occurred thereunder.
In developing procedures relating tobids and the awarding of contracts under this section, the Secretary shall take appropriate steps to ensure that small suppliers of items and services have an opportunity to be considered for participation in the program under this section.
The Secretary may consider the clinical efficiency and value of specific items within codes, including whether some items have a greater therapeutic advantage to individuals.
The Secretary may enter into contracts with appropriate entities to address complaints from individuals who receive items and services from an entity with a contract under this section and to conduct appropriate education of and outreach to such individuals and monitoring quality of services with respect to the program.
The Secretary may contract with appropriate entities to implement the competitive bidding program under this section.
With respect to the competitive acquisition program for diabetic testing strips conducted after the first round of the competitive acquisition programs, if an entity does not demonstrate to the Secretary that its bid covers types of diabetic testing strip products that, in the aggregate and taking into account volume for the different products, cover 50 percent (or such higher percentage as the Secretary may specify) of all such types of products, the Secretary shall reject such bid. With respect to bids to furnish such types of products on or after January 1, 2019, the volume for such types of products shall be determined by the Secretary through the use of multiple sources of data (from mail order and non-mail order Medicare markets), including market-based data measuring sales of diabetic testing strip products that are not exclusively sold by a single retailer from such markets.
Before 2011, the Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services shall conduct a study to determine the types of diabetic testing strip products by volume that could be used to make determinations pursuant to subparagraph (A) for the first competition under the competitive acquisition program described in such subparagraph and submit to the Secretary a report on the results of the study. The Inspector General shall also conduct such a study and submit such a report before the Secretary conducts a subsequent competitive acquistion  program described in subparagraph (A).
demonstrate to the Secretary that it made a good faith attempt to obtain such a letter of intent or such other evidence.
With respect to bids to furnish diabetic testing strip products on or after January 1, 2019, in determining under subparagraph (A) whether a bid submitted by an entity under such subparagraph covers 50 percent (or such higher percentage as the Secretary may specify) of all types of diabetic testing strip products, the Secretary may not attribute a percentage to types of diabetic testing strip products that the Secretary does not identify by brand, model, and market share volume.
In the case of an entity that is furnishing diabetic testing strip products on or after January 1, 2019, under a contract entered into under the competition conducted pursuant to paragraph (1), the Secretary shall establish a process to monitor, on an ongoing basis, the extent to which such entity continues to cover the product types included in the entity’s bid.
If the Secretary determines that an entity described in clause (i) fails to maintain in inventory, or otherwise maintain ready access to (through requirements, contracts, or otherwise) a type of product included in the entity’s bid, the Secretary may terminate such contract unless the Secretary finds that the failure of the entity to maintain inventory of, or ready access to, the product is the result of the discontinuation of the product by the product manufacturer, a market-wide shortage of the product, or the introduction of a newer model or version of the product in the market involved.
With respect to an entity that is furnishing diabetic testing strip products to individuals under a contract entered into under the competitive acquisition program established under this section, the entity shall furnish to each individual a brand of such products that is compatible with the home blood glucose monitor selected by the individual.
furnishing information about alternative brands to the individual where the individual has not requested such information.
the right of the individual to return diabetic testing strip products furnished to the individual by the entity.
With respect to diabetic testing strip products furnished on or after the date on which the Secretary develops the standardized information under clause (i), an entity described in subparagraph (A) may not communicate directly to an individual until the entity has verbally provided the individual with such standardized information.
With respect to diabetic testing strip products furnished on or after January 1, 2019, the Secretary shall require an entity furnishing diabetic testing strip products to an individual to contact and receive a request from the individual for such products not more than 14 days prior to dispensing a refill of such products to the individual.
the implementation of the special rule described in paragraph (10).
The Secretary shall establish a Program Advisory and Oversight Committee (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Committee”).
The Committee shall consist of such members as the Secretary may appoint who shall serve for such term as the Secretary may specify.
The implementation of the program under this section.
The establishment of financial standards for purposes of subsection (b)(2)(A)(ii).
The establishment of requirements for collection of data for the efficient management of the program.
The development of proposals for efficient interaction among manufacturers, providers of services, suppliers (as defined in section 1395x(d) of this title), and individuals.
The establishment of quality standards under section 1395m(a)(20) of this title.
The Committee shall perform such additional functions to assist the Secretary in carrying out this section as the Secretary may specify.
The provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply.
The Committee shall terminate on December 31, 2011.
Not later than July 1, 2011, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the programs under this section. The report shall include information on savings, reductions in cost-sharing, access to and quality of items and services, and satisfaction of individuals.
The Secretary shall provide for a competitive acquisition ombudsman within the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services in order to respond to complaints and inquiries made by suppliers and individuals relating to the application of the competitive acquisition program under this section. The ombudsman may be within the office of the Medicare Beneficiary Ombudsman appointed under section 1395b–9(c) of this title. The ombudsman shall submit to Congress an annual report on the activities under this subsection, which report shall be coordinated with the report provided under section 1395b–9(c)(2)(C) of this title.
  So in original. Probably should be “a”.
  So in original. Probably should be “acquisition”.
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A), is act June 25, 1938, ch. 675, 52 Stat. 1040, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 9 (§ 301 et seq.) of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 301 of Title 21 and Tables.
The Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(4), is Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, as amended, which is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
A prior section 1395w–3, act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, title XVIII, § 1847, as added July 1, 1988, Pub. L. 100–360, title II, § 202(j), 102 Stat. 719; amended Oct. 13, 1988, Pub. L. 100–485, title VI, § 608(d)(5)(I), 102 Stat. 2414, provided for appointment of Prescription Drug Payment Review Commission by Director of Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–234, title II, § 201(a), (c), Dec. 13, 1989, 103 Stat. 1981, effective Jan. 1, 1990.
Subsec. (b)(10)(C) to (E). Pub. L. 115–123, § 50414(a)(1)(B), added subpars. (C) to (E).
Subsec. (b)(11), (12). Pub. L. 115–123, § 50414(b), added par. (11) and redesignated former par. (11) as (12).
2016—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–255 substituted “, excluding certain” for “and excluding certain” and inserted before period at end “, and excluding drugs and biologicals described in section 1395u(o)(1)(D) of this title”.
2015—Subsec. (a)(1)(G), (H). Pub. L. 114–10, § 522(a), added subpars. (G) and (H).
Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(v). Pub. L. 114–10, § 522(b)(1), added cl. (v).
2010—Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(i)(II). Pub. L. 111–148, § 6410(a)(1), substituted “91” for “70”.
Subsec. (a)(1)(D)(ii)(II), (III). Pub. L. 111–148, § 6410(a)(2), added subcl. (II) and redesignated former subcl. (II) as (III).
2008—Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(a)(1)(A)(i), inserted “consistent with subparagraph (D)” after “in a manner” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(i)(II). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(a)(1)(A)(ii), substituted “an additional 70” for “80” and “in 2011” for “in 2009”.
Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(i)(III). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(a)(1)(A)(iii), substituted “after 2011 (or, in the case of national mail order for items and services, after 2010)” for “after 2009”.
Subsec. (a)(1)(D) to (F). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(a)(1)(A)(iv), added subpars. (D) to (F).
Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(a)(1)(B), which directed amendment of par. (2)(A) of subsec. (a)(1) by inserting “and excluding certain complex rehabilitative power wheelchairs recognized by the Secretary as classified within group 3 or higher (and related accessories when furnished in connection with such wheelchairs)” before period at end, was executed by making the insertion in subsec. (a)(2)(A), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(d)(1), added par. (7).
Subsec. (b)(3)(C). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(b)(2), added subpar. (C).
Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(d)(3)(B), added par. (10). Former par. (10) redesignated (11).
Subsec. (b)(11). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(d)(3)(A), redesignated par. (10) as (11).
Subsec. (b)(11)(C). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(d)(4)(A), inserted “and the identification of areas under subsection (a)(1)(D)(iii)” after “(a)(1)(A)”.
Subsec. (b)(11)(D). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(d)(4)(B), inserted “and implementation of subsection (a)(1)(D)” after “(a)(1)(B)”.
Subsec. (b)(11)(G). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(d)(4)(C)–(E), added subpar. (G).
Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(c)(2)(A), substituted “December 31, 2011” for “December 31, 2009”.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(c)(2)(B), substituted “July 1, 2011” for “July 1, 2009”.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–275, § 145(a)(1), struck out subsec. (e) which related to a demonstration project on the application of competitive acquisition to clinical diagnostic laboratory tests, terms and conditions of the project, and reporting requirement.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–275, § 154(b)(3), added subsec. (f).
2003—Pub. L. 108–173 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to competitive acquisition of certain items and services for provisions relating to demonstration projects for competitive acquisition of items and services.
1999—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–113 inserted “and” after “specified by the Secretary”.
Amendment by section 154 of Pub. L. 110–275 effective June 30, 2008, see section 154(e) of Pub. L. 110–275, set out as a note under section 1395m of this title.
Amendment by Pub. L. 106–113 effective as if included in the enactment of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, Pub. L. 105–33, except as otherwise provided, see section 1000(a)(6) [title III, § 321(m)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 1395d of this title.
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Health and Human Services may implement the provisions of, and amendments made by, this section [amending ths section] by program instruction or otherwise.
The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on the impact of competitive acquisition of durable medical equipment under section 1847 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395w–3], as amended by paragraph (1) and as amended by section 2 of the Medicare DMEPOS Competitive Acquisition Reform Act of 2008 [probably should refer to section 154 of the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008, Pub. L. 110–275], on suppliers and manufacturers of such equipment and on patients. Such study shall specifically examine the impact of such competitive acquisition on access to, and quality of, such equipment and service related to such equipment and the topics specified in subparagraph (C).
Not later than 1 year after the first date that payments are made under section 1847 of the Social Security Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report on the study conducted under subparagraph (A) and shall include in the report such recommendations as the Comptroller General determines appropriate.
had no previous experience providing the product category they were contracted to provide.
Beneficiary satisfaction with the program and cost savings to beneficiaries under the program.
Costs to suppliers of participating in the program and recommendations about ways to reduce those costs without compromising quality standards or savings to the Medicare program.
Impact of the program on small businesssuppliers.
Analysis of the impact on utilization of different items and services paid within the same Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) code.
Costs to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, including payments made to contractors, for administering the program compared with administration of a fee schedule, in comparison with the relative savings of the program.
Impact on access, Medicare spending, and beneficiary spending of any difference in treatment for diabetic testing supplies depending on how such supplies are furnished.