Chapter 3 Committee meetings, etc.
§ 1. Adoption Board consists of a Chairman, who shall be a high court judge or Supreme Court Justice, and of nine other members, of which four members with medical expertise (Pediatrics, internal medicine, psychiatry, and child and adolescent psychiatry), a psychologist, a social worker, two lay community members as well as a lawyer from the Department of family affairs.
(2). Members and deputies are appointed by the Minister of Justice in these for up to four years at a time. A member may be appointed for 8 years in total. The same applies to a Deputy.
(3). The legal member of the Board is Vice-Chairman of the Board. The Vice-President replaces the President's place, if the Chairman is prevented.
(d)) to publish an annual report.
§ 3. The Committee President shall organise the Committee's work, with the assistance of the Secretariat, in accordance with article 3. Chapter 2, and head of Committee meetings.
§ 4. The Chairman, or the Chairman authorises it, represent the Board.
§ 5. Department of Family Affairs provides secretarial assistance available to the Committee.
(2). The Secretariat can be attached by experts as consultants.
(3). The Committee can make use of external consultants, in particular, to collect, process and disseminate knowledge about adoption, see. § 2, nr. 3 (c).
§ 6. The Tribunal secretariat provides assistance to Committee work and carries out including the continuous updating and supplementing the Board's knowledge about the adoption.
§ 7. The Board can exercise its activities in both meetings, to which all members are summoned (plenary meetings), and outside the meetings.
(2). The Board may authorize one or more members to take decisions on certain specified conditions.
(3). The Board may authorize one or more members or the Secretariat to carry out the Board's decisions.
§ 8. The Board is in the Affairs dealt with on plenary meetings, a quorum when at least 5 members, including the Chairman, are participating.
(2). Decisions are made by ordinary majority of votes. In cases where the votes are equal, the Chairman shall have the casting vote.
§ 9. Committee meetings are not public.
(2). The Committee can, except in the case of the processing of complaints, summon persons likely to have special insight or interest therein, to participate during the Board's treatment of an item on the agenda.
(3). The Secretariat's employees may, in accordance with the President's determination to participate in the Committee's meetings.
§ 10. A member must, as far as possible, give notice of absence in whole or in part.
(2). By a member absences shall be convened if possible, delegate.
§ 11. The Committee holds meetings at the agreed meeting days and, in fact, as often as the Chairman deems necessary. The Chairman shall convene a meeting, when two members request it. The Chairman determines the notice of the request.
§ 12. The agenda shall be determined by the Chairman.
(2). Any Member may require to put an item on the agenda.
(3). The agenda must, wherever possible, be attached to the material that is necessary for the Board's treatment of the items on the agenda.
(4). Acts in specific appeals for treatment must be available to members in good time before the meeting. In exceptional cases, it is sufficient that the acts are available at the latest at the meeting.
§ 13. The Secretariat shall prepare the minutes of each Committee meeting.
(2). Draft record is emitted at the latest in connection with the convening of the next meeting.
(3). Objections to the minutes shall be made no later than at the next Committee meeting.
§ 14. Adoption Committee members are subject to General rules on secrecy legislation.
(2). The Committee members shall ensure that the material is received in connection with the work of the Tribunal, is not disclosed to third parties. Member shall by resignation back give confidential material, as the person is in possession of.
§ 15. When a complaint is filed with the Board, shall be the responsibility of the Secretariat to prepare the matter to Committee proceedings. The Secretariat shall ensure that the case is adequately illuminated.
§ 16. Scheduling of the Secretariat, in cooperation with the Chairman, the number of cases for each Committee meeting, as taking into account the nature of the proceedings and reasonable treatment is possible to include.
§ 17. The Committee shall decide in appeal proceedings by oral treatment at plenary meetings, see. However, paragraph 2, and section 18.
(2). When special circumstances justifying it, the President may determine that a complaint be dealt with outside of a meeting. A member may, however, require that the matter be dealt with at a plenary meeting.
3) rejection of a request for resumption of proceedings, if there is no new and significant information.
(2). The Board's other members are informed of the decisions subsequently taken pursuant to paragraph 1.
§ 19. The, which is a party to the appeal proceedings shall be eligible for oral satisfaction of the Committee to explain his perception of the appeal.
2) Board's reasons for decision, together with an indication of the views of individual members, if there has been disagreement.
(2). The minutes shall be approved at the meeting of the individual Committee members.
§ 21. The Board's decision shall state whether there has been consensus among Committee members about their deliberations or whether the offered dissent. By dissent must vote the number appear in the decision.
(2). The parties to proceedings shall be informed of the decision as soon as possible. At the same time it shall inform the authority or intermediary organisation, whose decision has been lodged against this.
(3). The Board shall publish decisions of general interest in anonymous form.
§ 22. The Board may convene consultations provided for review in adoption cases from the Tribunal.
(2). The Committee shall inform the adoption consultation about the outcome of the review.
(3). The Tribunal may not, as part of its supervisory activities redo adoption samrådenes decisions.
§ 23. The Board may hold meetings with adoption consultations. The Committee may also give guiding opinions and recommendations for adoption consultations.
§ 24. The Committee shall inform the Department of Family Affairs on matters which give rise to administrative difficulties.
§ 25. The Board oversees the intermediary organisations processing of matching proposals and with organisations abroad, including cooperation with the foreign partners.
(2). The Committee may as part of its supervisory activities in accordance with paragraph 1 summon things from both the intermediary organisations such as adoption consultations.
section 26. The Tribunal can impose an intermediary organization to provide information about your organization's circumstances and whether a foreign intermediary-party relationship.
(2). The Committee may request the Department of Family Affairs pursuant to the Hague Convention of 29 on. May 1993 on protection of children and cooperation in respect of intercountry adoption to obtain information necessary for the supervision of the Board.
(3). The Committee may request the intermediary organisations to provide material for lighting by giving countries ' legislation and practice relating to adoption, as the Board may request the organizations to prepare statements on current conditions and future prospects. The Committee may also visit foreign authorities and intermediate organisations, foreign contacts as part of its supervision.
§ 27. The Board may hold meetings with the intermediary organisations. The Committee may also submit guiding opinions and recommendations to the intermediary organisations.
section 28. The Committee shall inform the Department of Family Affairs of the supervision gives rise to, including on matters which, in the Board's view, can give rise to actions against an intermediary organization.
section 29. The Tribunal may, at the request of the Department of Family Affairs, give opinions on General or specific conditions concerning the intermediary organisations and their activities abroad, including on their existing or future cooperation relationships abroad.
(2). The Committee shall issue, at the request of the Department of Family Affairs, setting for approval of an intermediary organization cooperation abroad.
section 30. When an adoption consultation file a case under section 16 of the Ordinance for approval as an adopter, in which an adoption applicant is approved for adoption, three members of the Board shall conduct a review of the matter and does it including the familiar with the information in the case, which could have an impact in connection with the possible selection of the applicant in accordance with section 31.
(2). In order to carry out the examination referred to in paragraph 1, the appointment of one or more groups in the Committee vote. The Member of the Board who is a social worker, is a member of all the vote groups.
section 31. When a child abduction adopted at national adoption is sought or placed in care with a view to the adoption, with the assistance of the Committee, the Adoption of the Paediatric Committee member of a review of the child's case. The vote group, see. section 30, paragraph 2, on the recommendation of the permanent member selects in the groups, then the vote of the approved applicants, who after a concrete assessment deemed best suited to adopt the child or receive the child in care with a view to adoption.
(2). The total Board informed about decisions taken subsequently in accordance with paragraph 1.
section 32. The treatment of matters covered by this chapter, is done on the writing basis.
section 33. The notice shall enter into force on the 1. October 2009.
(2). Executive Order No. 1041 of 16. December 1999 on the rules of procedure for Adoption, the Committee is hereby repealed.


text:
M. Betke and Z. Wu. 2016. Data Association for Multi-Object Visual Tracking. Morgan & Claypool Lecture Series on Computer Vision. 120 pages.
R. I. Elanwar, W. Qin, and M. Betke. Making Scanned Arabic Documents Machine Accessible Using an Ensemble of SVM Classifiers. International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, 21(1-2):59-75, June 2018. Abstract, pdf.
D. Gurari, K. He, B. Xiong, J. Zhang, M. Sameki, S. D. Jain, S. Sclaroff, M. Betke, and K. Grauman. "Predicting Foreground Object Ambiguity and Efficiently Crowdsourcing the Segmentation(s)." International Journal of Computer Vision. 126:714-730. 2018. Online Article.
W. Feng, M. Sameki, and M. Betke. "Exploration of Assistive Technologies Used by People with Quadriplegia Caused by Degenerative Neurological Diseases." International Journal of Human Computer Interaction, 34(9):834-844. 2018 Online Article.
J. Zhang, S. Ma, M. Sameki, S. Sclaroff, M. Betke, Z. Lin, X. Shen, B. Price, and R. Mech "Salient Object Subitizing," International Journal of Computer Vision, 124(2):169-186, September 2017. Online Article.
A. Joshi, C. Monnier, M. Betke, and S. Sclaroff. "Comparing random forest approaches to segmenting and classifying gestures." Image and Video Computing, 58:86-95, February 2017. Online Article.
N. L. Brace, T. L. Hedrick, D. H. Theriault, N. W. Fuller, Z. Wu, M. Betke, J. K. Parrish, D. Grunbaum, K. A. Morgansen, and W. E. Boeing. "Using Collision Cones to Assess Biological Deconfliction Methods," Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 13(122):20160502, September 21, 2016. 8 pages. Open Access, pdf.
Z. Kong, N. Fuller, S. Wang, K. Ozcimder, E. Gillam, D. Theriault, M. Betke, and J. Baillieul. Perceptual Modalities Guiding Bat Flight in a Native Habitat. Scientific Reports, 6: 27252. June 6, 2016. 10 pages. Open Access.
Z. Wu and M. Betke. "Global Optimization for Coupled Detection and Data Association in Multiple Object Tracking." Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 143:25-37, 2016. Online Article.
C. W. Kwan, I. Paquette, J. J. Magee, and M. Betke, "Adaptive Sliding Menubars Make Existing Software More Accessible to People with Severe Motion Impairments," Universal Access in the Information Society. 13(1):5-22, March 2014. pdf.
Diane H. Theriault, Nathan W. Fuller, Brandon E. Jackson, Evan Bluhm, Dennis Evangelista, Zheng Wu, Margrit Betke, and Tyson L. Hedrick "A protocol and calibration method for accurate multi-camera field videography." The Journal of Experimental Biology, 217:1843--1848. Open Access online, February 2014. Article.
S. Epstein, E. Missimer and M. Betke. "Using kernels for a video-based mouse-replacement interface," Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 18(1):47-60, January 2014. pdf .
X. Yang, C. Schaaf, A. Strahler, T. Kunz, N. Fuller, M. Betke, Z. Wu, Z. Wang, D. Theriault, D. Culvenor, D. Jupp, G. Newnham, and J. Lovell. Study of bat flight behavior by combining thermal image analysis with a LiDAR forest reconstruction. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 39(S1):S112-S125, October 2013. Article.
S. Epstein and M. Betke, "The Kernel Semi-least Squares Method for Sparse Distance Approximation," Neural Computation, 25(3):532-548, February 2013.
T. G. Hallam, A. Raghavan, H. Kolli, D. Dimitrov, P. Federico, H. Qi, G. F. McCracken, M. Betke, J. K. Westbrook, K. Kennard, T. H. Kunz. "Dense and sparse aggregations in complex motion: Video coupled with simulation modeling." Ecological Complexity, 7(1):69-75, March 2010, pdf. 5 videos.
N. Hristov, M. Betke, A. Bagchi, D. Hirsh Theriault, T. H. Kunz. "Seasonal variation in colony size of Brazilian free-tailed bats at Carlsbad Cavern using thermal imaging" Journal of Mammalogy, 91(1):183-192, February 2010. Abstract and pdf.
W. Mullally, M. Betke, M. Albert, and K. Lutchen. "Explaining Clustered Ventilation Defects via a Minimal Number of Airway Closure Locations." Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 37(2):286-300, February 2009. Pdf file. Html open access.
N. I. Hristov, M. Betke, and T. H. Kunz, "Applications of thermal infrared imaging for research in aeroecology." Integrative and Comparative Biology. 48(1):50-59, July 2008. Abstract. Pdf file.
P. Federico, T. G. Hallam, G. F. McCracken, S. Purucker, W. Grant, A. N. Sandoval, J. Westbrook, R. Medellin, C. Cleveland, C. G. Sansone, J. D. López Jr., M. Betke, A. Moreno-Valdez, T. H. Kunz, "Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) as insect pest regulators in transgenic and conventional cotton crops." Ecological Applications. 18(4):826-837, June 2008. Abstract, pdf.
J. Wang, V. Athitsos, S. Sclaroff, and M. Betke. "Detecting Objects of Variable Shape Structure with Hidden State Shape Models." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 30(3):477-492, March 2008. Abstract, pdf. Videos.
M. Betke, D. E. Hirsh, N. C. Makris, G. F. McCracken, M. Procopio, N. I. Hristov, S. Tang, A. Bagchi, J. Reichard, J. Horn, S. Crampton, C. J. Cleveland, and T. H. Kunz. "Thermal Imaging Reveals Significantly Smaller Brazilian Free-tailed Bat Colonies than Previously Estimated." Journal of Mammalogy, 89(1):18-24, February 2008. Abstract and pdf. Also discussed in Nature, 452, Research Highlights, p. 507.
P. J. McNerney, J. Konrad, and M. Betke, "Block-Based MAP Disparity Estimation under Alpha-Channel Constraints." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology. 17:6, pp. 785-789, June 2007. pdf.
M. Gorman, A. Lahav, E. Saltzman, and M. Betke, "A Camera-based Music Making Tool for Physical Rehabilitation." Computer Music Journal, 31(2): 39-53, Summer 2007. pdf (restricted access).
J. Wang, M. Betke, and J. P. Ko, "Pulmonary Fissure Segmentation on CT." Medical Image Analysis, 10(4):530-547, August 2006. PubMed Entry pdf (restricted access).
C. J. Cleveland, M. Betke, P. Federico, J. D. Frank, T. G. Hallam, J. Horn, J. D. López Jr., G. F. McCracken, R. A. Medellín, A. Moreno-Valdez, C. G. Sansone, J. K. Westbrook, and T. H. Kunz. "Economic Value of the Pest Control Service Provided by Brazilian Free-tailed Bats in South-central Texas." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 4(5):238-248, June 2006. pdf (restricted access).
M. Betke, O. Gusyatin, and M. Urinson, "SymbolDesign: A User-centered Method to Design Pen-based Interfaces and Extend the Functionality of Pointer Input Devices." Universal Access in the Information Society, 4(3), pp. 223 - 236, March 2006. (Published online: 29 September 2005.) pdf.
D. P. Gierga, J. Brewer, G. C. Sharp, M. Betke, C. G. Willett, G. T. Y. Chen. "The correlation between internal and external markers for abdominal tumors: Implications for respiratory gating." International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics, 61:5, pp. 1551-1558, April 2005. pdf (restricted access).
W. Mullally, M. Betke, J. Wang and J. P. Ko, "Segmentation of Nodules on Chest Computed Tomography for Growth Assessment," Medical Physics, 31:4, pp. 839-848, April 2004. pdf (restricted access).
D. P. Gierga, G. T. Y. Chen, J. H. Kung, M. Betke, J. Lombardi, C. G. Willett, "Quantification of Respiration-induced Abdominal Tumor Motion and the Impact on IMRT Dose Distributions." International Journal on Radiation Oncology - Biology - Physics, 58:5, pp. 1584-1595, April 2004. pdf (restricted access).
K. Grauman, M. Betke, J. Lombardi, J. Gips, and G. Bradski, "Communication via Eye Blinks and Eyebrow Raises: Video-Based Human-Computer Interfaces." Universal Access in the Information Society, 2:4, pp. 359-373, November 2003. pdf. Copyright Springer-Verlag.
M. Betke, H. Hong, D. Thomas, C. Prince, J. P. Ko, "Landmark Detection in the Chest and Registration of Lung Surfaces with an Application to Nodule Registration." Medical Image Analysis, 7:3, pp. 265-281, September 2003. Link to publisher and pdf, PubMed Entry.
J. P. Ko, H. Rusinek, E. Jacobs, J. S. Babb, M. Betke, G. McGuinness, and D. P. Naidich, "Volume Measurement of Small Pulmonary Nodules on Chest CT: A Phantom Study," Radiology, 228:3, pp. 864-870, September 2003. pdf. Abstract.
M. Betke J. Gips, and P. Fleming, "The Camera Mouse: Visual Tracking of Body Features to Provide Computer Access For People with Severe Disabilities." IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 10:1, pp. 1-10, March 2002. pdf. PubMed Entry.
M. Betke and N. Makris, "Recognition, Resolution and Complexity of Objects Subject to Affine Transformation." International Journal of Computer Vision , 44:1, pp. 5-40, August 2001. pdf (restricted access).
J. P. Ko and M. Betke, "Chest CT: Automated Nodule Detection and Assessment of Change over Time-Preliminary Experience." Radiology, 218, 267-273, January 2001. Link to publisher, pdf (restricted access).
M. Betke, E. Haritaoglu and L. S. Davis, "Real-Time Multiple Vehicle Detection and Tracking from a Moving Vehicle." Machine Vision and Applications, 12:2, pp. 69-83, September 2000. Link to publisher, pdf (restricted access).
B. Awerbuch, M. Betke, R. Rivest, and M. Singh, "Piecemeal Graph Exploration by a Mobile Robot." Information and Computation, 152:2, pp. 155-172, August 1999. pdf (restricted access).
M. Betke and L. Gurvits, "Mobile Robot Localization using Landmarks," IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 13:2, pp. 251-263, 1997. pdf.
M. Betke, R. Rivest, and M. Singh, "Piecemeal Learning of an Unknown Environment." Machine Learning, 18:2-3, pp. 231-254, February-March 1995. pdf.
R. Agrawal, A. Joshi, and M. Betke. "Enabling Early Gesture Recognition by Motion Augmentation." The 11th Annual International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA 2018), Corfu, Greece, June 26-29, 2018, pages 98-101. pdf.
A. Joshi, S. Ghosh, S. Gunnery, L. Tickle-Degnen, S. Sclaroff, and M. Betke "Context-sensitive Prediction of Facial Expressivity using Multimodal Hierarchical Bayesian Neural Networks." Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG'18), Xi'an, China, May 15-19, 2018. 8 pp.
R. Elanwar and M. Betke. "Physical Layout Analysis of Scanned Arabic books." 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Arabic and derived Script Analysis and Recognition (ASAR), March 2018.
R. S. M. Saad, R. Elanwar, N. S. Abdel Kader, S. Mashali, and M. Betke. "Analyzing scanned Arabic documents using Random Forests." 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Arabic and derived Script Analysis and Recognition (ASAR), March, 2018. Winner of the ASAR Segmentation Challenge.
W. Qin, R. Elanwar and M. Betke. "LABA: Logical Layout Analysis of Book Page Images in Arabic Using Multiple Support Vector Machines." 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Arabic and derived Script Analysis and Recognition (ASAR), March 2018.
M. Sameki, T. Zhang, L. Ding, M. Betke, and D. Gurari. "Crowd-O-Meter: Predicting the Vulnerability of Crowd Workers to False News." The Fifth AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing (HCOMP 2017), Quebec City, Canada, October 24-26, 2017, 10 pages. pdf.
A. Joshi, S. Ghosh, M. Betke, S. Sclaroff, and H. Pfister. "Personalizing Gesture Recogntion using Hierarchical Bayesian Neural Networks," IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Waikiki Beach, Hawaii, July 2017, 10 pages, pdf.
E. Saraee, S. Singh, K. Hendron, M. Zheng, A. Joshi, T. Ellis, and M. Betke. "ExerciseCheck: Remote Monitoring and Evaluation Platform for Home Based Physical Therapy." 10th Annual International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA'17), Rhodes, Greece. June 2017.
E. Saraee, S. Singh, A. Joshi and M. Betke. "PostureCheck: Posture modeling for exercise assessment using the Microsoft Kinect." International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation (ICVR), June 2017.
E. Saraee and A. Joshi and M. Betke. "A therapeutic robotic system for the upper body based on the Proficio robotic arm." International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation (ICVR), June 2017.
L. Guo, K. Mays, M. Sameki, and M. Betke. "From crowdsourcing to crowdcoding: An alternative approach to annotate big data in communication research." International Communication Association (ICA) 67th Annual Conference, San Diego, May 2017.
M. Sameki, M. Gentil, D. Gurari, E. Saraee, E. Hasenberg, J. Wong, and M. Betke. " CrowdTrack: Interactive Tracking of Cells in Microscopy Image Sequences with Crowdsourcing Support." GroupSight Workshop at The Fourth AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing (HCOMP 2016), Austin, Texas, October 30-November 3, 2016. 4 pages. pdf.
D. Gurari, M. Sameki, and M. Betke. "Investigating the Influence of Data Familiarity to Improve the Design of a Crowdsourcing Image Annotation System." The Fourth AAAI Conference on Human Compuation and Crowdsourcing (HCOMP 2016), October 30-November 3, 2016. 10 pages. pdf.
M. Sameki, M. Gentil, K. K. Mays, L. Guo, and M. Betke. "Dynamic Allocation of Crowd Contributions for Sentiment Analysis during the 2016 U.S. Presidental Election." Work-in-progress poster at The Fourth AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing (HCOMP 2016), October 30-November 3, 2016. 10 pages. pdf.
D. Gurari, M. Sameki, Z. Wu, and M. Betke. "Mixing Crowd and Algorithm Efforts to Segment Objects in Biomedical Images." The 3rd Interactive Medical Image Computation Workshop (IMIC) held in conjunction with MICCAI 2016 in Athens, Greece, October 21, 2016. 8 pages. pdf.
M. Gentil, M. Sameki, D. Gurari, E. Saraee, E. Hasenberg, J. Y. Wong, and M. Betke. "Interactive Tracking of Cells in Microscopy Image Sequences" The 3rd Interactive Medical Image Computation Workshop (IMIC) held in conjunction with MICCAI 2016 in Athens, Greece, October 21, 2016. 10 pages. pdf.
M. Sameki, D. Gurari, and M. Betke. "ICORD: Intelligent Collection of Redundant Data -- A Dynamic System for Crowdsourcing Cell Segmentations Accurately and Efficiently." The CVPR Workshop on Computer Vision for Microscopy Image Analysis (CVMI) on July 1, 2016. 10 pages. pdf.
D. Gurari, S. D. Jain, M. Betke and K. Grauman. "Pull the Plug? Predicting If Computers or Humans Should Segment Images." IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2016, Las Vegas, June 2016, pages 382-391. pdf.
E. Saraee and M. Betke."Dynamic adjustment of physical exercises based on performance using the Proficio robotic arm." 9th Annual International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA'16), Corfu, Greece, June 2016. 8 pages. pdf.
R. S. M. Saad, R. I. Elanwar, N. S. Abdel Kader, S. Mashali, and M. Betke. "BCE-Arabic-v1 dataset: A step towards interpreting Arabic document images for people with visual impairments." 9th Annual International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA'16), Corfu, Greece, June 2016. 8 pages. pdf.
A. Joshi, L. Tickle-Degnen, S. Gunnery, T. Ellis, and M. Betke. "Predicting active facial expressivity in people with Parkinson's disease." 9th Annual International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA'16), Corfu, Greece, June 2016. 4 pages. pdf.
E. Saraee, K. Ramrakhyani, A. Sanan, S. Singh and M. Betke, "Kinect versus Proficio: Measuring Hand Position During Exercise Monitoring," 9th Annual International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA'16), Corfu, Greece, June 2016, 2 pages, pdf.
A. Kurauchi, W. Feng, A. Joshi, C. Morimoto, and M. Betke. "EyeSwipe: Dwell-free Text Entry Using Gaze Paths," CHI 2016, the Annual ACM Conference of the Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction (SIGCHI), San Jose, California, May 2016. 4 pages. pdf.
H. Le, A. Joshi and M. Betke. "b3.js: A Library for Interactive Web Data Visualizations in Virtual Reality." IEEE Virtual Reality 2016 Conference in Greenville, South Carolina, March 19-23, 2016. 2 pages. pdf.
M. Breslav, T. Hedrick, S. Sclaroff, and M. Betke. "Discovering Useful Parts for Pose Estimation in Sparsely Annotated Datasets." IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, WACV, Lake Placid, NY, March 7--10, 2016. 9 pages, pdf.
J. Zhang, S. Ma, M. Sameki, S. Sclaroff, M. Betke, Z. Lin, X. Shen, B. Price, and R. Mech, "Salient Object Subitizing," IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, (CVPR), Boston, MA, June 7-12, 2015, pages 4045-4054. Paper and poster.
M. Sameki, D. Gurari, and M. Betke, "Characterizing Image Segmentation Behavior of the Crowd," 2015 Conference on Collective Intelligence, Santa Clara, CA, May 31-June 2, 2015, 4 pages, pdf or local copy. Oral Presentation.
A. Joshi, C. Monnier, M. Betke, and S. Sclaroff, "A Random Forest Approach to Segmenting and Classifying Gestures," 11th IEEE International Conference on Face and Gesture Recognition, (FG), Ljubljana, Slovenia, May 4-8, 2015. 8 pages. pdf.
D. Gurari, D. Theriault, M. Sameki, B. Isenberg, T. A. Pham, A. Purwada, P. Solski, M. Walker, C. Zhang, J. Y. Wong, and M. Betke. "How to Collect Segmentations for Biomedical Images? A Benchmark evaluating the performance of experts, crowdsourced non-experts, and algorithms." IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), Hawaii, January 2015. 8 pages. pdf.
D. Gurari, D. Theriault, and M. Betke. "Informed Segmentation: A Framework for Using Context to Select an Algorithm and a Case Study Using Humans in the Loop." Interactive Medical Image Computation Workshop (IMIC), held in conjunction with MICCAI 2014, in Boston on Sunday, September 14. 9 pages. pdf. Presentation Video.
D. Gurari, D. Theriault, M. Sameki, and M. Betke. "How to use level set methods to accurately ﬁnd boundaries of cells in biomedical images? Evaluation of six methods paired with automated and crowdsourced initial contours." The Interactive Medical Image Computation Workshop (IMIC), in conjunction with MICCAI 2014, Boston, September 14. 9 pages. pdf. BEST PAPER AWARD FOR INNOVATIVE IDEA. Code and Data. Presentation Video.
W. Feng, M. Chen and M. Betke. "Target Reverse Crossing -- A Selection Method for Camera-based Mouse-replacement Systems." The 7th International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments, PETRA , Rhodes, Greece, May 2014. 4 pages. pdf.
Z. Wu, N. Fuller, D. Theriault, and M. Betke. "A Thermal Infrared Video Benchmark for Visual Analysis." In Proceedings of 10th IEEE Workshop on Perception Beyond the Visible Spectrum (PBVS), Columbus, Ohio, USA, 2014. 8 pages. Pdf. Dataset.
M. Breslav, N. Fuller, S. Sclaroff and M. Betke, "3D Pose Estimation of Bats in the Wild," Proceedings of the IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, WACV, Steamboat Springs, CO, March 2014. 8 pages. Pdf.
S. Kim, D. Gurari, C. Yang, C. D. Hartman, M. Jacobsen, J. Y. Wong and M. Betke. "I'mCell: A touch pad tool for annotating cell images." Biomedical Signal Analysis (BSA) Conference: 3-D Imaging in Medine, Florianopolis, Brazil, March 2014. 3 pages. Pdf.
Q. Bai, Z. Wu, S. Sclaroff, M. Betke, and C. Monnier, "Randomized Ensemble Tracking," Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), Sydney, Australia, December 2013, pdf, avi video, and mov video.
Z. Kong, K. Ozcimder, N. Fuller, A. Greco, D. Theriault, Z. Wu, T. Kunz, M. Betke, and J. Baillieul. "Optical flow sensing and the inverse perception problem for flying bats," The 2013 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), Florence, Italy, December 2013. 8 pages.
M. Betke. "emPower, an Infrastructure for Remote Assessment of Interfaces for Individuals with Severe Motion Impairments." Proceedings of the AAATE 2013, the 12th European AAATE Conference by the Association for the Advancement of Assistive Technology in Europe, Vilamoura, Portugal, September 2013. 4 pp.
Z. Wu, J. Zhang, and M. Betke. "Online Motion Agreement Tracking." British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC), Bristol, U.K., September 2013. 10 pp. Abstract, pdf, and video.
J. Magee and M. Betke, "Automatically Generating online social network messages to combat social isolation of people with disabilities." In C. Stephanidis and M. Antona, editors, Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. User and Context Diversity. 7th International Conference, UAHCI 2013, Held as Part of HCI International 2013, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 21-26, 2013, Proceedings, Part II, LNCS 8010, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pages 684-693, 2013, pdf.
B. L. Boardman, T. L. Hedrick, D. H. Theriault, N. W. Fuller, M. Betke, and K. A. Morgansen. "Collision avoidance in biological systems using collision cones." Proceedings of The 2013 American Control Conference, June 2013. 8 pp.
W. Feng, M.Chen and M. Betke, "Preliminary Investigation of the Impact of Visual Feedback on Camera-based Mouse-replacement Interaction System," The 6th International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA), 4 pages, May 2013. pdf.
M. Breslav, N. W. Fuller, and M. Betke, "Vision System for Wingbeat Analysis of Bats in the Wild." Proceedings of the Workshop on Visual Observation and Analysis of Animal and Insect Behavior (VAIB 2012), to be held in conjunction with the 21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2012) Tsukuba, Japan, November, 2012. 4 pp., pdf.
G. Towne, D. H. Theriault, Z. Wu, N. W. Fuller, T. H. Kunz and M. Betke, "Error Analysis and Design Considerations for Stereo Vision Systems Used to Analyze Animal Behavior." Proceedings of the Workshop on Visual Observation and Analysis of Animal and Insect Behavior (VAIB 2012), to be held in conjunction with the 21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2012) Tsukuba, Japan, November, 2012. 4 pp. pdf.
Z. Wu, A. Thangali, S. Sclaroff, and M. Betke, "Coupling Detection and Data Association for Multiple Object Tracking." Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Providence, RI, June 16-21, 2012. 8 pp., pdf.
C. Kwan, I. Paquette, J. J. Magee, P. Y. Lee, and M. Betke. "Click Control: Improving Mouse Interaction for People with Motor Impairments." The 13th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, ASSETS'11, Dundee, Scotland, U.K., October 2011.
J. J. Magee, C. Kwan, M. Betke and F. Hietpas. "Enhancing Social Connections Through Automatically-Generated Online Social Network Messages." The 13th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, ASSETS'11, Dundee, Scotland, U.K., October 2011.
S. Epstein and M. Betke. "An Information Theoretic Representation of Agent Dynamics as Set Intersections." The Fourth Conference on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), Mountain View, CA, USA, August 2011. S. Epstein won the 2011 Solomonoff Student Prize for this paper.
B. Kim, D. Gurari, H. O'Donnell, and M. Betke. "Interactive Art System for Multiple Users Based on Tracking Hand Movements," IADIS International Conference Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction (IHCI), Rome, Italy, July 2011. 8 pp. pdf.
Z. Wu, T. H. Kunz, and M. Betke. "Efficient Track Linking Methods for Track Graphs Using Network-flow and Set-cover Techniques." In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2011), Colorado Springs, pp. 1185-1192, June 21-23, 2011. pdf.
J. J. Magee, S. Epstein, E. S. Missimer, C. Kwan, and M. Betke. Adaptive mouse-replacement interface control functions for users with disabilities. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: Users Diversity - Volume Part II (UAHCI'11), Orlando, Florida, July 2011, pages 332-341, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
S. Epstein, E. S. Missimer, and M. Betke. An information theoretic mouse trajectory measure. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: Users Diversity - Volume Part II (UAHCI'11), Orlando, Florida, pages 301-309, July 2011.
C. Kwan and M. Betke. Camera canvas: Image editing software for people with disabilities. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: Users Diversity - Volume Part II (UAHCI'11), Orlando, Florida, pages 146-154, July 2011.
I. Paquette, C. Kwan, and M. Betke. "Menu Controller: Making Existing Software More Accessible for People with Motor Impairments." The 4th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA 2011), Crete, Greece. May 2011. 8 pp.
E. Ataer-Cansizoglu and M. Betke. "An information fusion approach for multiview feature tracking." In 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), August 23-26, 2010, Istanbul, Turkey. IAPR Press, August 2010, 4 pp. pdf.
D. H. Theriault, Z. Wu, N. I. Hristov, S. M. Swartz, K. S. Breuer, T. H. Kunz, and M. Betke. "Reconstruction and analysis of 3D trajectories of Brazilian free-tailed bats in flight." In Workshop on Visual Observation and Analysis of Animal and Insect Behavior, held in conjunction with the 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, August, 2010, Istanbul, Turkey, August 2010. 4 pp. pdf.
J. Magee and M. Betke. "HAIL: hierarchical adaptive interface layout." In K. Miesenberger et al., editor, 12th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs (ICCHP 2010), Vienna University of Technology, Austria, Part 1, LNCS 6179, pages 139-146. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, July 2010. pdf. Abstract.
E. Missimer and M. Betke. "Blink and wink detection for mouse pointer control." The 3rd ACM International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA 2010), Pythagorion, Samos, Greece. June 2010. 8 pp. pdf.
Z. Wu, N. I. Hristov, T. H. Kunz, and M. Betke. "Tracking-Reconstruction or Reconstruction-Tracking? Comparison of Two Multiple Hypothesis Tracking Approaches to Interpret 3D Object Motion from Several Camera Views." IEEE Workshop on Motion and Video Computing (WMVC) Snowbird, Utah, December 2009. 8 pp. pdf.
Z. Wu, N. I. Hristov, T. L. Hedrick, T. H. Kunz, and M. Betke "Tracking a Large Number of Objects from Multiple Views." IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), Kyoto Japan, September/October 2009. 8 pp. pdf.
C. Connor, E. Yu, J. Magee, E. Cansizoglu, S. Epstein, and M. Betke, 2009. "Movement and Recovery Analysis of a Mouse-Replacement Interface for Users with Severe Disabilities." 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International 2009), San Diego, CA, July 2009. 10 pp. pdf.
M. Betke. Intelligent Interfaces to Empower People with Disabilities. In Handbook of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments. H. Nakashima, J. C. Augusto, and H. Aghajan (Editors), pages 409-432, Springer Verlag. June 2009. ISBN: 0387938079. pdf (restricted access).
S. Deshpande and M. Betke. "RefLink: An Interface that Enables People with Motion Impairments to Analyze Web Content and Dynamically Link to References." The 9th International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Information Systems (PRIS 2009), Milan, Italy, May 2009, A. Fred (editor), pages 28-36, INSTICC Press. pdf.
Z. Wu, M. Betke, J. Wang, V. Athitsos, and S. Sclaroff, "Tracking with Dynamic Hidden-State Shape Models," Computer Vision - ECCV 2008, 10th European Conference on Computer Vision, Marseille, France, October 12-18, 2008, Proceedings, Part I, LNCS 5302, D. Forsyth, P. Torr, and A. Zisserman (editors), pages 643-656, Springer-Verlag. pdf.
M. Betke, "Camera-based Interfaces and Assistive Software for People with Severe Motion Impairments," Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on "Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Ambient Intelligence" (AITAmI'08), Patras, Greece. 21st-22nd of July 2008. Co-located event of ECAI 2008. J.C. Augusto, D. Shapiro and H. Aghajan (Eds.). 5 pp., pdf.
M. Betke, D. E. Hirsh, A. Bagchi, N. I. Hristov, N. C. Makris, and T. H. Kunz. Tracking large variable numbers of objects in clutter. In Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Minneapolis, MN, June 2007. 8 pp. pdf.
W. Mullally, A. Milutinovic, M. Betke, M. Albert, and K. Lutchen "Personalized Airway Trees from a Generative Model, Lung Atlas, and Hyperpolarized Helium MRI." MICCAI 2006 Workshop "From Statistical Atlases to Personalized Models: Understanding Complex Diseases in Populations and Individuals." Copenhagen, Denmark, October 6, 2006. 4 pp. pdf.
B. Waber. J. Magee, and M. Betke. "Web Mediators for Accessible Browsing." C. Stephanidis, M. Pieper (Eds.), Universal Access in Ambient Intelligence Environments -- 9th International ERCIM Workshop "User Interfaces For All" UI4ALL 2006, Königswinter, Germany, September 2006, Revised Papers. LNCS 4397, pages 447-466. Springer-Verlag. Abstract. pdf. See also Technical Report BU-CS-2006-007: pdf. 26 pp.
W. Akram, L. Tiberii and M. Betke. "A customizable camera-based human computer interaction system allowing people with disabilities autonomous hands free navigation of multiple computing tasks." C. Stephanidis, M. Pieper (Eds.), Universal Access in Ambient Intelligence Environments -- 9th International ERCIM Workshop "User Interfaces For All" UI4ALL 2006, Königswinter, Germany, September 2006, Revised Papers. LNCS 4397, pages 28-42. Springer-Verlag. Abstract. pdf. See also Technical report BU-CS-2006-006: pdf.
T. Castelli, M. Betke, and C. Neidle. "Facial feature tracking and occlusion recovery in American Sign Language." In A. Fred and A. Lourenço, editors, Pattern Recognition in Information Systems: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Pattern Recogntion in Information Systems - PRIS 2006, pages 81-90, Paphos, Cyprus, May 2006. INSTICC Press. pdf. Technical Report BU-CS-2005-024: pdf.
M. Betke, J. Ruel, G. C. Sharp, S. B. Jiang, D. P. Gierga, and G. T. Y. Chen. "Tracking and prediction of tumor movement in the abdomen." In A. Fred and A. Lourenço, editors, Pattern Recognition in Information Systems: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Pattern Recogntion in Information Systems - PRIS 2006, pages 27-37, Paphos, Cyprus, May 2006. INSTICC Press. pdf.
V. Athitsos, J. Wang, S. Sclaroff, M. Betke, "Detecting Instances of Shape Classes That Exhibit Variable Structure." Computer Vision -- ECCV 2006, 9th European Conference on Computer Vision, Graz, Austria, May 7-13, 2006, Proceedings, Part 1, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 3951, pp. 121-134. Springer-Verlag. Abstract. pdf. Also Technical Report BU-CS-2005-021: pdf, 15 pp.
W. Mullally, M. Betke, C. Bellardine, and K. Lutchen. "Locally Switching Between Cost Functions in Iterative Non-Rigid Registration." In Y. Liu, T. Jiang and C. Zhang, editors. Computer Vision for Biomedical Image Applications. First International Workshop, CVBIA 2005, Beijing, China, October 21, 2005. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3765, pp. 367-377. Springer Verlag. Abstract. pdf.
N. I. Hristov, M. Betke, and T. H. Kunz. "Seasonal Monitoring of Brazilian Free-tailed Bats at Carlsbad Caverns National Park Using Advanced Infrared Thermal Imaging." 35th Annual North American Symposium on Bat Research, (NASBR 2005), Sacramento, CA, October 2005.
J. Wang, E. Gu, and M. Betke. "MosaicShape: Stochastic Region Grouping with Shape Prior." Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2005), pp. 902-908, San Diego, CA, USA, June 2005. pdf.
J. Wang, M. Betke, and J. P. Ko. "Shape-based Curve Growing Model and Adaptive Regularization for Pulmonary Fissure Segmentation in CT." C. Barillot, D. R. Haynor (editors), Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI'04), Part I, LNCS 3217, pp. 541-548. Saint-Malo, France, September 2004. pdf. Abstract.
J. Brewer, M. Betke, D. P. Gierga, and G. T. Y. Chen. "Real-time 4D Tumor Tracking and Modeling From Internal and External Fiducials in Fluoroscopy." C. Barillot, D. R. Haynor (editors), Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2004), Part II, LNCS 3217, pp. 594-601, Saint-Malo, France, September 2004. pdf. Abstract.
O. Gusyatin, M. Urinson, and M. Betke. "A Method to Extend Functionality of Pointer Input Devices." C. Stary and C. Stephanidis (editors), Proceedings of the 8th International ERCIM Workshop "User Interfaces For All" UI4ALL 2004, Revised Selected Papers, LNCS 3196, Vienna, Austria, June 2004. Pages 426-439. Abstract. pdf.
S. Crampton, M. Betke, "Counting Fingers in Real Time: A Webcam-Based Human-Computer Interface with Game Applications," Proceedings of the Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, affiliated with HCI International 2003, pp. 1357-1361, Crete, Greece, June 2003. color-pdf, book-pdf.
C. Fagiani, M. Betke, and J. Gips, "Evaluation of Tracking Methods for Human-Computer Interaction." Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Applications in Computer Vision (WACV 2002), pp. 121-126, Orlando, Florida, December 3-4, 2002. pdf.
R. L. Cloud, M. Betke, J. Gips, "Experiments with a Camera-Based Human-Computer Interface System." Proceedings of the 7th ERCIM Workshop "User Interfaces for All," UI4ALL 2002, pp. 103-110, Paris, France, October 2002. pdf.
S. Crampton and M. Betke, "Finger Counter: A Human-Computer Interface." 7th ERCIM Workshop "User Interfaces for All," UI4ALL 2002, pp. 195-196, Paris, France, October 2002. pdf.
J. Lombardi and M. Betke, "A Camera-based Eyebrow Tracker for Hands-free Computer Control via a Binary Switch." 7th ERCIM Workshop "User Interfaces for All," UI4ALL 2002, pp. 199-200, Paris, France, October 2002. pdf.
H. Hong, M. Betke, S. Teng, D. Thomas, and J. P. Ko, "Multilevel 3D Registration of Lung Surfaces in Computed Tomography Scans -- Preliminary Experience," International Conference on Diagnostic Imaging and Analysis, ICDIA 2002, pp. 90-95, Shanghai, China, August 2002. pdf.
J. Wang, M. Betke, and J. P. Ko, "Segmentation of Pulmonary Fissures on Diagnostic CT -- Preliminary Experience," International Conference on Diagnostic Imaging and Analysis, ICDIA 2002, pp. 107-112, Shanghai, China, August 2002. pdf.
W. Mullally, M. Betke, H. Hong, J. Wang, K. Mann, and J. P. Ko, "Multi-criterion 3D Segmentation and Registration of Pulmonary Nodules on CT: A Preliminary Investigation," International Conference on Diagnostic Imaging and Analysis, ICDIA 2002, pp. 176-181, Shanghai, China, August 2002. pdf.
J. Gips, P. DiMattia, M. Betke, "Collaborative Development of New Access Technology and Communication Software," 10th Biennial Conference of the International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, ISAAC 2002, Odense, Denmark, August 2002. pdf.
M. Betke, E. Naftali and N. C. Makris, "Necessary Conditions to Attain Performance Bounds on Structure and Motion Estimates of Rigid Objects," Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference (CVPR 2001) Vol. 1, pp. 448-455, Kauai, Hawaii, December 2001. pdf.
K. Grauman, M. Betke, J. Gips, G. R. Bradski, "Communication via Eye Blinks - Detection and Duration Analysis in Real Time," Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference CVPR 2001, Vol. 2, pp. 1010-1017, Kauai, Hawaii, December 2001. pdf.
M. Betke, H. Hong, and J. P. Ko, "Automatic 3D Registration of Lung Surfaces in Computed Tomography Scans," Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention -- MICCAI 2001. 4th International Conference, Utrecht, The Netherlands, October 14-17, 2001, Proceedings. pp. 725-733. Springer-Verlag. Abstract. pdf.
J. Gips, M. Betke, and P. A. DiMattia, "Early Experiences Using Visual Tracking for Computer Access by People with Profound Physical Disabilities." In C. Stephanidis, editor, Universal Access in HCI: Towards an Information Society for All: 1st International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, UAHCI 2001 , pp. 914-918, New Orleans, LA, August 2001. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. pdf.
G. Kollios, S. Sclaroff, and M. Betke, "Motion Mining: Discovering Spatio-Temporal Patterns in Databases of Human Motion." 2001 ACM SIGMOD Workshop on Research Issues in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, DMKD 2001, pp. 25-32, Santa Barbara, CA, May 2001. pdf.
M. Betke and W. Mullally, "Preliminary Investigation of Real-Time Monitoring of a Driver in City Traffic." Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Vehicles, IV 2000, pp. 563-568, Dearborn, MI, October 2000. pdf (color), pdf (bw), ps.Z, ps.
J. Gips, M. Betke, P. Fleming, "The Camera Mouse: Preliminary Investigation of Automated Visual Tracking for Computer Access." Proceedings of the Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America 2000 Annual Conference, RESNA 2000, pp. 98-100, Orlando, FL, July 2000. pdf.
M. Betke, W. Mullally, J. Magee, "Active Detection of Eye Scleras in Real Time." Proceedings of the IEEE CVPR Workshop on Human Modeling, Analysis and Synthesis, HMAS 2000, Hilton Head Island, SC, June 2000. pdf, ps, ps.gz.
M. Betke and J. P. Ko, "Detection of Pulmonary Nodules on CT and Volumetric Assessment over Time." In C. Taylor and A. Colchester, editors, Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention -- MICCAI'99. Second International Conference, Cambridge, UK, September 19-22, 1999, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 1679/1999, pp. 245-252, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Abstract. pdf.
M. Betke and J. Kawai, "Gaze Detection via Self-Organizing Gray-Scale Units." Proceedings of the International Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems, pp. 70-76, Kerkyra, Greece, September 1999. pdf.
M. Betke and H. Nguyen, "Highway Scene Analysis from a Moving Vehicle under Reduced Visibility Conditions," IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Vehicles (IV), pp. 131-136, Stuttgart, Germany, October 1998. pdf. Also, BCCS-98-1.
M. Betke and N. Makris, "Information-Conserving Object Recognition." Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 145-152, Bombay, India, January 1998. pdf.
M. Betke, E. Haritaoglu and L. Davis, "Highway Scene Analysis." Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC'97, pp. 812-817, Boston, November 9-12, 1997. pdf.
M. Betke, E. Haritaoglu and L. Davis, "Multiple Vehicle Detection and Tracking in Hard Real Time." Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, pp. 351-356, Seikei University, Tokyo, Japan, September 19-20, 1996. pdf.
B. Awerbuch, M. Betke, R. Rivest, and M. Singh, "Piecemeal Graph Exploration by a Mobile Robot." Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory (COLT), pp. 321-328, July 1995. pdf. Also, MIT-LCS-TM-512.
M. Betke and N. Makris, "Fast Object Recognition in Noisy Images Using Simulated Annealing." Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), pp. 523-530, June 1995. pdf. Also MIT-AI-Memo-1510.
M. Betke and L. Gurvits, "Mobile Robot Localization using Landmarks." Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ/GI International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 135-142, September 1994. pdf.
M. Betke, R. Rivest, and M. Singh, "Piecemeal Learning of an Unknown Environment." Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory (COLT), pp. 277-286, July 1993. pdf. Also, MIT-AI-Memo-1474.
C. Spampinato, G. M. Farinella, B. Boom, V. Mezaris, M. Betke, and R. B. Fisher. "Editorial: Special issue on animal and insect behaviour understanding in image sequences." The EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing, 2015:1, January 30, 2015.
I. Maglogiannis, F. Makedon, G. Pantziou, and M. Betke. "Editorial: Pervasive technologies and assistive environments: Cognitive systems for assistive environments: Special issue of PETRA 2010 and 2011 conferences." Universal Access in the Information Society: 13(1):1--4, March 2014.
I. Maglogiannis, M. Betke, G. Pantziou, and F. Makedon. "Editorial: Assistive environments for the disabled and senior citizens: Theme issue of the PETRA 2010 and 2011 conferences." Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 18(1):1--3, January 2014.
M. Betke. "Understanding Animal Flight with Three-dimensional and Infrared Computer Vision: Invited Keynote Talk." In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Multimedia Analysis for Ecological Data (MAED' 13), Barcelona, Spain, October 2013. pdf.
M. Betke. "Intelligent Interfaces to Empower People with Disabilities." In Handbook of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments. H. Nakashima, J. C. Augusto, and H. Aghajan (Editors), Springer Verlag. 2010. ISBN: 0387938079. pdf. Introduction.
T. H. Kunz, M. Betke, N. I. Hristov, and M. Vonhof. Methods for assessing colony size, population size, and relative abundance of bats. In T. H. Kunz and S. Parsons, editors, Ecological and Behavioral Methods for the Study of Bats. 2nd Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 2009. pdf.
S. Sclaroff, M. Betke, G. Kollios, J. Alon, V. Athitsos, R. Li, J. Magee, and T. Tian. "Tracking, analysis, recognition of human gestures in video." In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), pages 806-810, Seoul, Korea, August 2005. pdf.
M. Betke, D. Theriault, Z. Wu, N. Fuller, M. Breslav, and B. Borucki. "Seeing in the dark -- an analysis of bat flight through stereographic infrared videography." In Proceedings of the 16th International Bat Research Conference, San Jose, Costa Rica, August 2013. Abstract.
Christopher Hung, Danna Gurari, and Margrit Betke. "Crowdsourced Annotation through Gamification," Boston University, Research Internship in Science and Engineering Program, Symposium Abstact, Summer 2013. Abstract.
N. Fuller, D. Theriault, A. Greco, Z. Wu, T. Kunz, J. Baillieul, and M. Betke. "Describing the Myotis Superhighway: Characteristics of Aggregated 3D Trajectories through a Cluttered Environment 42th Annual North American Symposium on Bat Research (NASBR 2012), San Juan, Puerto Rico, October 2012. Abstract.
A. Greco, N. Fuller D. Theriault, Z. Wu, T. Kunz, J. Baillieul, and M. Betke. "Understanding Obstacle Avoidance in Myotis velifer through Analysis of Reconstructed 3D Flight Trajectories 42th Annual North American Symposium on Bat Research (NASBR 2012), San Juan, Puerto Rico, October 2012. Abstract.
K. M. Gillman, G. Towne, A. J. Harwick, A. Gatnick, T. D. Little, M. Betke, Z. Wu, J. D. Reichard, D. S. Reynolds, and T. H. Kunz, "Myotis lucifugus at Maternity Colonies in Massachusetts: Assessing Impacts of White-nose Syndrome," 41st Annual North American Symposium on Bat Research (NASBR 2011), Toronto, Canada, October 2011. Abstract.
N. Hristov, M. Betke, and T. H. Kunz. "Conservation and management of the Brazilian free-tailed bat: colony size and activity patterns using thermal imaging." Symposium on the "Protection and Management of Rare and Endangered Subterranean Fauna," co-located with the 15th International Congress of Speleology, Kerrville, Texas USA, July 2009.
T. H. Kunz, J. C. Chau, Z. Wu, L. Hong, J. D. Reichard, M. Betke, and T. D. C. Little. "A Novel, Remote-Controlled BatCam for Censusing Small Colonies of Bats." 38th Annual North American Symposium on Bat Research (NASBR 2008), Scranton, PA, October 2008. Abstract. Poster.
N. I. Hristov, L. C. Allen, E. Gillam, M. Betke, Z. Wu, and T. H. Kunz. "Mechanisms of self-organization in flying Brazilian free-tailed bats" (Tadarida brasiliensis). In the Proceedings of the 38th Annual North American Symposium on Bat Research (NASBR), Scranton, PA, October 2008.
N. I. Hristov, L. C. Allen, E. Gillam, M. Betke, Z. Wu, and T. H. Kunz. "Mechanisms of self-organization in flying Brazilian free-tailed bats" (Tadarida brasiliensis). The 45th Annual Meeting of the Animal Behavior Society (ABS), Snowbird, UT, August 2008.
N. I. Hristov, M. Betke, and T. H. Kunz. "Applications of Thermal Infrared Imaging in Field Biology." Symposia and Oral Abstracts. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 47(Supplement 1):e1--e152, December 2007. Oral presentation at The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual Meeting, SICB 2008, San Antonio, TX, January 2-6, 2008. Abstract.
L. Premerlani, M. Betke, S. Sclaroff, and T. H. Kunz. "Stereoscopic Reconstruction and Analysis of Infrared Videos of Bats." International Conference on Complex Systems ICCS 2007, October 28 - November 2, Boston, MA. Abstract.
T. H. Kunz, N. I. Hristov, and M. Betke. "Seasonal Emergence Behavior of Brazilian Free-tailed Bats at Carlsbad Caverns." International Conference on Complex Systems ICCS 2007, October 28 - November 2, Boston, MA. Abstract.
N. I. Hristov, M. Betke, L. Premerlani, M. Procopio, and T. H. Kunz. "Thermal Imaging Reveals Highly Variable Nightly and Seasonal Activity Patterns of Brazilian Free-tailed Bats at Carlsbad Caverns." XIV International Bat Research Conference (IBRC) and the 37th Annual North American Symposium on Bat Research (NASBR), Mérida, 19-23 August 2007.
N. I. Hristov, M. Betke, and T. H. Kunz. "Lessons in History: Colony Size and Population Decline of Brazilian Free-Tailed Bats at Carlsbad Caverns," Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB), 2007 Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, January 2007, Abstract.
N. I. Hristov, M. Betke, and T. H. Kunz. "Lessons in History: Colony Size and Population Decline of Brazilian Free-Tailed Bats at Carlsbad Caverns," 36th Annual North American Symposium on Bat Research (NASBR), Wilmington, NC, October, 2006. pdf.
N. I. Hristov, M. Betke, and T. H. Kunz. " Assessment of Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) populations using advanced infrared thermal imaging." Symposia and Oral Abstracts. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 45(6):1015, 2005. Oral presentation at The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual Meeting, SICB 2006, Orlando, FL, January 2006. Abstract.
M. Betke, T. H. Kunz, S. Tang, and D. E. Hirsh. "Censusing Brazilian Free-tailed Bats with Infrared Thermal Imaging - Challenges, Lessons Learned, and Initial Results." 34th Annual North American Symposium on Bat Research, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, October 2004. pdf.
E. Y. Lee, M. Betke, and T. H. Kunz. "Bats in Motion: Stereo Object Recognition and Trajectory Analysis of Flying Bats." 34th Annual North American Symposium on Bat Research, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, October 2004. pdf.
D. E. Hirsh, M. Betke, and T. H. Kunz. "Computer Vision for Tracking Bats in Infrared Thermal Video: A Tool for Understanding the Behavior of Bats in Flight." 34th Annual North American Symposium on Bat Research, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, October 2004. pdf.
C. J. Cleveland, M. Betke, P. Federico, J. D. Frank, T. G. Hallam, J. Horn, T. H. Kunz, J. D. Lopez, G. F. McCracken, R. A. Medellin, A. Moreno-Valdez, C. G. Sansone, and J. K. Westbrook. "Economic value of pest control services by Brazilian free-tailed bats in Texas cotton production." In Proceedings of the 34th Annual North American Symposium on Bat Research (NASBR)}, Salt Lake City, UT, October 2004. pdf.
T. H. Kunz, M. Betke, D. Hirsh, N. Hristov, E. Lee, L. Allen, J. Reichard, and M. Bamberger and J. D. Bamberger. "Build it and they will come: Establishment of a founder colony of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in a man-made cave." In Proceedings of the 34th Annual North American Symposium on Bat Research (NASBR)}, Salt Lake City, UT, October 2004. pdf.
W. Mullally, E. Rietzel, G. Chen, N. Choi, M. Betke. "Fast Segmentation of Pulmonary Tumors by Contour Propagation in 4DCT." 46th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM 2004), Pittsburgh, PA, July, 2004. Abstract.
D. E. Hirsh, M. Betke, S. Crampton, J. Horn, and T. H. Kunz, "Censusing Brazilian Free-tailed Bats Using Infrared Thermal Imaging and Computer Vision Methods," 33rd Annual North American Symposium on Bat Research, NASBR, Lincoln, Nebraska, October, 2003. D. Hirsh won the Lubee Bat Conservancy Award for an outstanding oral presentation. Abstract.
D. P. Gierga, G. Sharp, J. Brewer, M. Betke, C. G. Willett, and G. T. Y. Chen, "Correlation between External and Internal Markers for Abdominal Tumors: Implications for Respiratory Gating." The 45th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, ASTRO, Salt Lake City, Utah, October 2003. Oral presentation. Abstract.
D. P. Gierga, G. T. Y. Chen, J. Kung, M. Betke, J. Lombardi, C. Willett, "Quantitative Fluoroscopy of Respiration-Induced Abdominal Tumor Motion and the Impact of Motion On IMRT Dose Distributions" The 45th American Association of Physicists in Medicine Annual Meeting, AAPM , San Diego, California, August 2003, Abstract.
J. P. Ko, H. Rusinek, E. Jacobs, R. Chandra, G. McGuinness, M. Betke, D. P. Naidich. "Volume quantitation of small pulmonary nodules on low dose chest CT: a phantom study." The Radiological Society of North America 87th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting RSNA 2001, Chicago, IL, November 2001. Abstract.
M. Betke, E. Haritaoglu and L. Davis, "Highway Scene Analysis in Hard Real Time" Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, ITSC'97, page 367, Boston, November 9-12, 1997. Abstract.
E. Saraee, M. Jalal, M. Betke. SAVOIAS: A Diverse, Multi-Category Visual Complexity Dataset. 10 pages. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.01771. September 2018.
Z. Wu, N. I. Hristov, T. H. Kunz, and M. Betke. Tracking-Reconstruction or Reconstruction-Tracking? Comparison of Two Multiple Hypothesis Tracking Approaches to Interpret 3D Object Motion from Several Camera Views. Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2010-030, Boston University. September 2010. Abstract. pdf. ps. In press (links will work soon).
D. M. House, M. L. Walker, Z. Wu, J. Y. Wong, and M. Betke. Tracking of cell populations to understand their spatio-temporal behavior in response to physical stimuli Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2010-031, Boston University. September 2010. Abstract. pdf. ps. In press (links will work soon).
J. J. Magee, S. Epstein and E. Missimer, and M. Betke. Adaptive mappings for mouse-replacement interfaces. Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2010-029, Boston University. September 2010. Abstract. pdf. ps. In press (links will work soon).
J. Magee and M. Betke. HAIL: hierarchical adaptive interface layout. Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2010-028, Boston University. September 2010. Abstract. pdf. ps. In press (links will work soon).
D. H. Theriault, Z. Wu, N. I. Hristov, S. M. Swartz, K. S. Breuer, T. H. Kunz, and M. Betke. Reconstruction and analysis of 3D trajectories of Brazilian free-tailed bats in flight. Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2010-027, Boston University. September 2010. Abstract. pdf. ps. In press (links will work soon).
E. S. Missimer, S. Epstein, John J. Magee, and M. Betke. Customizable Keyboard. Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2010-023, Boston University. August 12, 2010. Abstract. pdf. ps.
S. Deshpande and M. Betke. RefLink: An Interface that Enables People with Motion Impairments to Analyze Web Content and Dynamically Link to References, Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2009-008, Boston University. March 11, 2009. Abstract. pdf. ps.
W. Mullally, S. Sclaroff, and M. Betke. Example-Based Image Registration via Boosted Classifiers, Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2009-007, Boston University. March 11, 2009. Abstract. pdf. ps.
S. Epstein, M. Betke. Active Hidden Models for Tracking with Kernel Projections, Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2009-006, Boston University. March 10, 2009. Abstract. pdf. ps.
Z. Wu, N. Hristov, T. Hedrick, T. Kunz, M. Betke. Tracking a Large Number of Objects from Multiple Views, Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2008-025, Boston University. March 10, 2009. Abstract. pdf. ps.
M. Betke. "Camera-based Interfaces and Assistive Software for People with Severe Motion Impairments." Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2008-025, Boston University. October 1, 2008. Abstract. pdf. ps.
W.-B. Kim, C. Kwan, I. Fedyuk, and M. Betke. "Camera Canvas: Image Editor for People with Severe Disabilities." Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2008-010, Boston University. June 14, 2008. Abstract. pdf.
J. Wang, V. Athitsos, S. Sclaroff, and M. Betke. "Object Detection at the Optimal Scale with Hidden State Shape Models." Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2006-026, Boston University. October 2, 2006. Abstract. pdf.
B. Waber, J. Magee, and M. Betke. "Web Mediators for Accessible Browsing." Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2006-007, Boston University. May 11, 2006. Abstract. pdf.
W. Akram, L. Tiberii, and M. Betke. "A customizable camera-based human computer interaction system allowing people with disabilities autonomous hands free navigation of multiple computing tasks." Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2006-006, Boston University. May 11, 2006. Abstract. pdf.
M. Gorman, M. Betke, E. Saltzman and A. Lahav. "MusicMaker -- A Camera-based Music Making Tool for Physical Rehabilitation." Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2005-032, Boston University. December 8, 2005. Abstract. pdf.
V. Rodeski, W. Mullally, C. Bellardine, K. Lutchen and M. Betke. "Computing a Uniform Scaling Parameter for 3D Registration of Lung Surfaces." Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2005-027, Boston University. July 7, 2005. Abstract. pdf.
T. Castelli, M. Betke, and C. Neidle. "Facial Feature Tracking and Occlusion Recovery in American Sign Language." Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2005-024, Boston University. July 7, 2005. Abstract. pdf.
B. Waber, J. Magee and M. Betke. "Fast Head Tilt Detection for Human-Computer Interaction." Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2005-023, Boston University. July 7, 2005 Abstract. pdf.
V. Athitsos, J. Wang, S. Sclaroff and M. Betke. "Detecting Instances of Shape Classes That Exhibit Variable Structure." Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2005-021, Boston University. June 8, 2005. Abstract. pdf.
M. Chau, and M. Betke. "Real Time Eye Tracking and Blink Detection with USB Cameras." Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2005-012, Boston University. April 28, 2005. Abstract. pdf.
J. Wang, E. Gu, and M. Betke. "MosaicShape: Stochastic Region Grouping with Shape Prior." Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2005-008, Boston University. February 27, 2005. Abstract. pdf.
M. Betke, O. Gusyatin, and M. Urinson. "SymbolDesign: A User-centered Method to Design Pen-based Interfaces and Extend the Functionality of Pointer Input Devices" Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2005-007, Boston University. February 27, 2005. Abstract. pdf.
M. Betke, J. Wang and J. P. Ko , Integrated Chest Image Analysis System "BU-MIA." Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2004-001, Boston University. January 7, 2004. Abstract. pdf.
J. Lombardi and M. Betke, "A Self-initializing Eyebrow Tracker for Binary Switch Emulation," Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2002-023, Boston University. September 20, 2002. Abstract. pdf.
M. Betke, H. Hong, and J. P. Ko, "Automatic 3D Registration of Lung Surfaces in Computed Tomography Scans," Department of Computer Science Technical Report BUCS-2001-004, Boston University. April 24, 2001. Abstract. pdf.
M. Betke and N. Makris, "Information-Conserving Object Recognition" UMD-CfAR-TR-858.

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1. 21007. Adulteration of apples. U. S. v. 159 Cases and 54 Cases of Apples. Default decrees of condemnation and destruction.
2. 21010. Adulteration of apples. U. S. v. 16 Bushels, et al., of Apples. Default decree of condemnation, forfeiture, and destruction.
3. 21017. Adulteration of apples. U. S. v. 85 Bushels of Apples. Default decree of condemnation, forfeiture, and destruction.
4. 21027. Adulteration of apples. U. S. v. 714 Boxes of Apples. Default decree of condemnation, forfeiture, and destruction.
5. 21028. Adulteration of apples. U. S. v. 25 Bushels of Apples. Default decree of condemnation, forfeiture, and destruction.
6. 21035. Adulteration of apples. U. S. v. 40 Bushels of Apples. Default decree of condemnation, forfeiture, and destruction.
7. 21038. Adulteration of apples. U. S. v. 756 Boxes of Apples. Decree of condemnation and forfeiture. Product released under bond.
8. 21041. Adulteration of apples. U. S. v. 12 Boxes and 25 Boxes of Apples. Default decree of condemnation and destruction.
9. 21045. Adulteration of apples. U. S. v. Wenatchee Federated Growers. Plea of guilty. Fine, $100.
10. 21062. Adulteration of apples. U. S. v. 163 Boxes of Apples. Default decree of condemnation, forfeiture, and destruction.

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G.R. No. 181692, August 14, 2013 - ADELAIDA SORIANO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.
ADELAIDA SORIANO, Petitioner, v. PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Respondent.
Before this Court is a petition for review on certiorari assailing the May 19, 2005 Decision1 and January 11, 2008 Resolution2 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. CR No. 23108 insofar as it ordered petitioner to pay P74,807 plus interest to private complainant Consolacion R. Alagao.
That on September 9, 1994, at more or less 2:00 o'clock [sic] in the afternoon, and days thereafter, at Piaping Puti, Macabalan, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, with intent to defraud and cause damage and prejudice by means of deceit, and false pretenses or fraudulent acts executed prior to or simultaneously with the commission of the fraud, did then and there wil[l]fully, unlawfully and feloniously represent and pretend to the offended party, Consolacion Alagao y Regala, who was then canvassing for buyers of her one (1) truck load of corn grits containing 398 sacks, that she (accused Adelaida Soriano) was engaged in the business of buying corn grits, among others from the public under the business style of A & R Soriano Trading, paying it in cash, with place of business located at Piaping Puti, Macab[a]lan, this City; that due to accused[’s] representation, said offended party was persuaded and convinced to sell her own corn grits to the former, which cereals came all the way from Old Nungnungan, Don Carlos, Bukidnon; that after unloading said 398 sacks of corn grains in the establishment of said Adelaida Soriano, said accused did not pay offended party for the said goods delivered, but instead she let offended party to sign a Cash Voucher, making it appear thereat that offended party has received the sum of P85,607.00, when in truth and in fact accused has not paid the same; that inspite of that misrepresented entries in the Cash Voucher above-cited, the accused further directed to collect the same amount from a neighbor of the offended party in OId.Nungnungan, above-mentioned; that perplexed about the actions of Mrs. Adelaida Soriano, offended party proceeded to demand payment from her but the accused failed to pay her monetary obligation [to] the offended party as the accused and her business establishment disappeared from Piaping Puti, Macabalan, this City after the incident, and transferred to an unknown location; that she couId.not also get back the said 398 sacks of corn grits anymore because the accused had disposed of it already; thus misapplying, misappropriating and converting the said sum of P85,607.00 the value of 398 sacks of corn grits, to her own gain and benefit, to the damage and prejudice of the said offended party, in the aforestated sum of P85,607.00, Philippine currency.
WHEREFORE, IN VIEW OF THE FOREGOING PREMISES, accused Adelaida Soriano is hereby found guilty beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of Estafa as defined and penalized under Article 315, par. 2(a) of the Revised Penal Code, and is hereby sentenced to suffer imprisonment of Four (4) Years, Two (2) Months and One (1) day of Prision Correccional, as minimum, to Thirteen (13) Years, Four (4) Months of Reclusion Temporal, as maximum and, is hereby further ordered to pay the offended party in this case the amount of P85,607.00 representing the value of the 398 sacks of corn grains. Costs against the accused.
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the assailed Decision of the Regional Trial Court of Misamis Oriental, Branch 40, dated 16 March 1999 in Criminal Case No. 95-41 is REVERSED and SET ASIDE. Appellant ADELAIDA SORIANO is ACQUITTED of the crime charged on the ground of reasonable doubt. However, Appellant ADELAIDA SORIANO is hereby ordered to pay private complainant CONSOLACION R. ALAGAO the sum of seventy-four thousand, eight hundred seven pesos (P74,807.00) as payment for the remaining balance of the cash value of the 398 sacks of corn grains, plus, legal interest at the rate of 12% per annum computed from 9 September 1994 until fully paid.
The CA ruled that the prosecution failed to establish that petitioner made false pretenses, fraudulent acts or fraudulent means to induce Alagao to deliver to her the 398 sacks of corn grains. In fact, in Alagao’s testimony, she admitted that she delivered the corn grains to petitioner because the latter was demanding payment from her and she wanted to pay her obligation of P40,000 to petitioner so that she couId.get back the title of her daughter’s mortgaged property and the balance of the total cash value of the 398 sacks of corn. Thus, the CA heId. in the absence of deceit, petitioner’s liability is only civil.
In determining petitioner’s civil liability, the CA deducted from P85,607 – the total value of the 398 sacks of corn grains delivered to petitioner – the P3,000 petitioner had paid Alagao and the P7,800 which the CA considered as the value of the 64 sacks of corn grains which Alagao intended as partial payment for the P40,000 loan, thus leaving the balance of P74,807.
The Court of Appeals committed error in the computation of petitioner’s civil liability as it failed to apply correctly the principle of set-off or compensation.
The Court of Appeals, in applying set-off or compensation, erroneously placed private complainant’s indebtedness to petitioner at P40,000.00 instead of P51,730.00 as found by it and as stipulated during pre-trial.
Thus, deducting Alagao’s indebtedness of P43,930 from petitioner’s indebtedness amounting to P74,807, petitioner’s remaining indebtedness shouId.only be P30,877.
Petitioner likewise argues that the CA also failed to consider Alagao’s obligation to deliver to her ¼ of every harvest. Petitioner claims that her ¼ share in the harvest amounted to P57,200 for four harvests. Therefore, applying the principle of set off, it is Alagao who is indebted to petitioner in the amount of P26,323 (P57,200 minus P30,877).
Respondent on the other hand contends that the amount of loan extended to Alagao was P40,000 and not P51,730 as claimed by petitioner. Moreover, the entire value of the 398 sacks of corn grains shouId.not be set off with Alagao’s loan since (1) the loan was not yet due and demandable at the time of delivery of the 398 sacks of corn grains in September 1994; and (2) only 154 of the 398 sacks of corn grains belong to Alagao. Respondent also claims that P13,765.9517 should be considered as the correct value of the 64 sacks intended by Alagao as partial payment for the loan and not P7,800 as found by the CA.
This Court rules that all the above requisites for compensation are present in the instant case.
First, petitioner and Alagao are debtors and creditors of each other. It is undisputable that petitioner and Alagao owe each other sums of money. Petitioner owes P85,607 for the value of the corn grains delivered to her by Alagao in September 1994 while Alagao owes petitioner P51,730 by virtue of a loan extended by the latter in February 1994.
Second, both debts consist in a sum of money. There is no issue as to the P85,607 debt by petitioner that it consists a sum of money. As to the P51,730 received by Alagao from petitioner, though what was extended by petitioner consists of cash advances and fertilizers, there is no dispute that said amount is payable in money.
Third, both debts are due. Upon delivery of the 398 sacks to petitioner, she was under the obligation to pay for the value thereof as buyer. As to Alagao’s debt, the contract of loan provided that it is payable in February 1996. Though it was not yet due in September 1994 when she delivered the 398 sacks of corn grains to petitioner, it eventually became due at the time of trial of the instant case.
And lastly, neither of the debts are subject of a controversy commenced by a third person. There are no third-party claims with respect to Alagao’s P51,730 loan. As to petitioner’s P85,607 debt representing the 398 sacks of corn grains, Alagao claims that she is not the sole owner of all the 398 sacks. This claim of Alagao, however, was never substantiated and a perusal of the information for estafa shows that the subject corn grains are all owned by her. Moreover, the alleged other owners have not commenced any action to protect their claim over it. Thus, the P85, 607 debt cannot be considered subject of a controversy by a third person.
With respect to the 114 share in the harvest due to petitioner as provided in the contract of loan, the same cannot be considered in the legal compensation of the debts of the parties since it does not consist in a sum of money, said share being in the form of harvests. More importantly, it is not yet liquidated. There is still a dispute as to how many harvests were made from the time of the execution of contract of loan up to the time the action was commenced against petitioner and even when the principal obligation became due in February 1996. Thus, the harvests due petitioner is not capable of determination.
WHEREFORE, the May 19, 2005 Decision and January 11, 2008 Resolution of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. CR No. 23108 are hereby AFFIRMED with MODIFICATION. Petitioner Adelaida Soriano is hereby ordered to pay P30,877 as payment for the remaining balance of the cash value of the 398 sacks of corn grains, plus legal interest at the rate of 6%21 per annum computed from finality of this Decision until its full satisfaction.
Sereno, C.J., (Chairperson), Brion,*Bersamin, and Reyes, JJ., concur.
1Rollo, pp. 18-36. Penned by Associate Justice Myrna Dimaranan-Vidal with Associate Justices Teresita Dy-Liacco Flores and Edgardo A. Camello concurring.
2 Id. at 38-39. Penned by Associate Justice Edgardo A. Camello with Associate Justices Teresita Dy Liacco Flores and Mario V. Lopez concurring.
6 Exh. “1,” Exhibits for Accused, pp. 1-2.
7 Exh. “E,” Exhibits for Plaintiff, pp. 5-6.
10 TSN, September 10, 1996, pp. 8-9; Exh. “C,” Exhibits for Plaintiff, p. 3.
11 TSN, November 5, 1996, pp. 16-17.
12 Records, pp. 170-177. Penned by Acting Judge Rodrigo F. Lim, Jr.
18Nadela v. Engineering and Construction Corporation of Asia (ECCO-ASIA), 510 Phil. 653, 666 (2005), citing PNB MADECOR v. Uy, 415 Phil. 348, 359 (2001), Art. 1278, CIVIL CODE and Compañia General de Tabacos v. French and Unson, 39 Phil. 34, 51 (1918).
19Raquel-Santos v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 174986, 175071 & 181415, July 7, 2009, 592 SCRA 169, 196.
20Toshiba Information Equipment (Phils.), Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, G.R. No. 157594, March 9, 2010, 614 SCRA 526, 545.
21 Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Circular No. 799, Series of2013 issued on June 21, 2013.