The brothers manufactured bicycle parts and tools for repairing and manufacturing bicycles from the brothers' backyard shed and managed a retail store in downtown Chicago.

(meta data) TITLE: Armstrong Bros. Tool Company

an Armstrong S-110 1/2-Drive Locking Extension.

05/07/2019: Changes for responsive design.

01/12/2016: Added an Armstrong 204-A Structural Wrench.

01/05/2016: Added an Armstrong No. 5 Toolpost Wrench.

01/02/2016: Added an Armstrong 2429 Box Wrench.

12/08/2015: Added an Armstrong-Vanadium 1725-A Open-End Wrench.

12/07/2015: Added an Armstrong 1092-F Tappet Wrench.

12/05/2015: Added early logo from trademark, reorganized sections.

12/03/2015: Added an Armstrong A-C-3 Open-End Wrench.

Armstrong-Vanadium 1731-A Open-End Wrench.

11/02/2011: Added an Armstrong 23A Open-End Wrench.

06/21/2011: Added an Armstrong H-50 3/4-Drive Ratchet.

Armstrong-Vanadium 1033-A Open-End Wrench.

Armstrong Armaloy NM-110 Handle Extension.

09/16/2010: Added an Armstrong-Vanadium 403 Tappet Wrench.

Armstrong-Vanadium 1727 Open-End Wrench.

08/13/2010: Added an Armstrong-Vanadium 404 Tappet Wrench.

07/17/2010: Added an Armstrong 1164 Combination Wrench.

07/12/2010: Added an Armstrong-Vanadium 1027-C Open-End Wrench.

07/08/2010: Minor reorganization of alloy section, added an

07/03/2010: Added an Armstrong 2426 Box-End Wrench.

06/17/2010: Added an Armstrong A-1025 Open-End Wrench.

10/28/2009: Added an Armstrong 1705 Single-Open Wrench.

08/26/2009: Added an Armstrong 424 Tappet Wrench.

08/01/2009: Added an Armstrong 1734 (TKKX4B) Open-End Wrench.

06/19/2009: Added an Armstrong 661D S-Shaped Wrench.

06/18/2009: Added an Armstrong 1033-C Open-End Wrench.

06/13/2009: Added an Armstrong HD-1240 3/4-Drive Deep Socket.

Armstrong-Vanadium 8727 Offset Box Wrench.

Armstrong 1730 (TKKX20) Open-End Wrench.

06/04/2009: Added an Armstrong-Vanadium 422 Tappet Wrench.

06/03/2009: Added an Armstrong (Caterpiller) 5B786 Open-End Wrench.

05/21/2009: Added an Armstrong-Vanadium 1033-C Open-End Wrench.

05/20/2009: Added an Armstrong 607-A Single-Open Check-Nut Wrench.

05/11/2009: Added an Armstrong 9729-A Short Offset Box Wrench.

04/18/2009: Added an Armstrong H-15 Open-End Wrench.

04/13/2009: Added an Armstrong-Vanadium 1028-S Open-End Wrench.

03/29/2009: Added an Armstrong No. 2 Toolpost Wrench.

03/16/2009: Added an Armstrong 1166 Combination Wrench.

02/26/2009: Added an Armstrong X-1258 1 Inch Hex Drive Socket.

01/14/2009: Added an Armstrong H-115P 3/4-Drive Extension.

Armstrong Early X-1252 1 Inch Hex Drive Socket.

01/03/2009: Added an Armstrong Armaloy 1167 Combination Wrench.

12/27/2008: Added an Armstrong Armaloy 1729 Open-End Wrench.

12/24/2008: Added an Armstrong (Caterpiller) 5B782 Open-End Wrench

and an Armstrong Armaloy 1029 Open-End Wrench.

11/30/2008: Added an Armstrong Armaloy 1021-S Open-End Wrench.

Armstrong Armaloy 9725 Offset Box Wrench.

09/04/2008: Added an Armstrong 8028-A Offset Box Wrench.

08/28/2008: Added an Armstrong 8723 Offset Box Wrench.

08/22/2008: Added an Armstrong H-1254 3/4-Drive Socket.

08/17/2008: Added an Armstrong Armaloy 8025 Offset Box Wrench.

08/12/2008: Added an Armstrong S-51 1/2-Drive Ratchet.

08/09/2008: Added an Armstrong 1160 Combination Wrench.

08/08/2008: Added an Armstrong No. 21 1/2-Drive Socket Set

and an Armstrong 1170-L Combination Wrench.

07/31/2008: Added an Armstrong 1623-C Check-Nut Wrench.

07/27/2008: Added an Armstrong 2415 Box Wrench

and an Armstrong 9729-A Short Offset Box Wrench.

07/13/2008: Split into four pages, added an

Armstrong-Vanadium 1077-B S-Shaped Open-End Wrench.

07/09/2008: Added an Armstrong-Vanadium 1023 Open-End Wrench.

07/05/2008: Added an Armstrong 1039-B Open-End Wrench.

06/30/2008: Added an Armstrong 1172-L Combination Wrench.

06/07/2008: Added an Armstrong 1122 Ignition Wrench.

05/27/2008: Added an Armstrong 1728 Open-End Wrench.

04/06/2008: Added an Armstrong H-140 3/4-Drive Universal.

03/01/2008: Added an Armstrong S-40 1/2-Drive Flex-Head Breaker Bar.

02/21/2008: Added an Armstrong H-1230 3/4-Drive Socket.

02/01/2008: Added an Armstrong ST-1240 1/2-Drive Socket.

01/24/2008: Added an Armstrong 1168-L Combination Wrench

and an Armstrong 25-524 Flex-Socket Combination Wrench.

01/22/2008: Added an Armstrong S-818 1/2-Drive Socket.

01/20/2008: Added an Armstrong 8033 Offset Box Wrench.

01/17/2008: Added an Armstrong 31 Open-End Wrench.

01/15/2008: Added an Armstrong H-1231 3/4-Drive Socket.

01/09/2008: Added an Armstrong 903 Open-End Spud Wrench.

01/05/2008: Added an Armstrong S-91 1/2-Drive Ratchet.

12/21/2007: Added an Armstrong Armaloy ST-1222 1/2-Drive Socket.

12/20/2007: Added an Armstrong S-1224 1/2-Drive Socket

and an Armstrong ST-1224 1/2-Drive Socket.

12/19/2007: Added an Armstrong XX-110 1 Inch Drive Extension.

12/15/2007: Added an Armstrong Armaloy H-110 3/4-Drive Extension.

12/13/2007: Added an Armstrong Early 807 Single-Box Wrench.

12/12/2007: Added an Armstrong H-20A 3/4-Drive Breaker Bar,

an Armstrong XX-50 1 Inch Drive Ratchet,

and an Armstrong XX-1284 1 Inch Drive Socket.

12/11/2007: Added an Armstrong Armaloy ST-1234 1/2-Drive Socket.

12/06/2007: Added Armstrong Armaloy H-12xx 3/4-Drive Sockets.

12/05/2007: Added an Armstrong Armaloy H-15 3/4-Drive Socket Set.

11/17/2007: Added an Armstrong S-110P 1/2-Drive Extension.

11/15/2007: Added an Armstrong S-20A 1/2-Drive Breaker Bar.

11/09/2007: Added an Armstrong 661G S-Shaped Wrench.

10/14/2007: Added an Armstrong T-4 Specialty Wrench.

10/09/2007: Added an Armstrong 1159-A Combination Wrench.

09/05/2007: Added patent dates from catalog.

07/07/2007: Added an Armstrong XX-1264 1 Inch Drive Socket.

07/06/2007: Added an Armstrong XX-1258 1 Inch Drive Socket.

06/16/2007: Added an Armstrong S-15 1/2-Drive Speeder.

06/05/2007: Added an Armstrong HA-51 3/4-Drive Ratchet

and an Armstrong H-115 3/4-Drive Extension.

06/04/2007: Added an Armstrong 1731-A Open-End Wrench,

and an Armstrong H-1258 3/4-Drive Socket.

05/28/2007: Added an Armstrong Armaloy 4122 Flare-Nut Wrench.

05/25/2007: Added an Armstrong S-41 1/2-Drive Breaker Bar.

Armstrong-Vanadium 1033-A Open-End Wrench.

02/14/2007: Added an Armstrong 637 Check-Nut Wrench.

01/05/2007: Added an Armstrong 7725 Box-End Wrench.

01/02/2007: Added an Armstrong 1727 Open-End Wrench.

12/20/2006: Added an Armstrong 1163 Combination Wrench

and an Armstrong 1166 Combination Wrench.

12/16/2006: Added an Armstrong 6725 Box-End Wrench.

12/08/2006: Added a 2028 Obstruction Wrench.

10/25/2006: Added a S-50 1/2-Drive Ratchet.

10/13/2006: Added a 7729-A Hi-Tensile Box-End Wrench.

10/10/2006: Added a 1731 Alloy Open-End Wrench.

10/07/2006: Added a 5037 Heavy-Duty Offset Box-End Wrench.

10/02/2006: Added a 7731-A Box-End Wrench.

09/25/2006: Added a 1029 Open-End Wrench.

09/23/2006: Added a F-51 3/8-Drive Ratchet.

09/19/2006: Added a S-91 1/2-Drive Ratchet.

09/16/2006: Added a NMA-51 1/4-Drive Ratchet.

09/13/2006: Added a F-91 3/8-Drive Ratchet.

09/12/2006: Added a S-115 1/2-Drive Rotating-Grip Extension.

09/11/2006: Added a S-140 1/2-Drive Universal.

09/10/2006: Added a FA-50 3/8-Drive Ratchet.

09/09/2006: Added a SA-51 1/2-Drive Ratchet

09/08/2006: Added a S-50 1/2-Drive Ratchet

and a S-110 1/2-Drive Rotating-Grip Extension.

08/20/2006: Added a S-51 1/2-Drive Ratchet.

08/12/2006: Added a 624-A Check-Nut Wrench.

The Armstrong Bros. Tool Company began in 1890 as a maker of bicycle parts and service tools,

founded in Chicago, Illinois by four brothers.

Their first manufacturing operations were conducted literally from a backyard wooden shed,

and the brothers also operated a retail store for their bicycle parts.

In 1895 Armstrong introduced what would become their first major product,

Developed from their own manufacturing operations,

the Armstrong tool holder was a forged handle that accepted small interchangeable cutting bits,

thereby replacing the individually forged cutting tools previously required.

This dramatically reduced the time and expense involved in making lathe cutting tools,

and it's fair to say that these tool holders revolutionized the industry.

in 1900 Armstrong built their first real factory at 617 Austin Avenue in Chicago.

This was replaced a few years later in 1905 by a 100,000 square foot brick factory

a site they would occupy for many years.

Up until 1909 Armstrong concentrated primarily on tool holders and related products,

but in 1909 they started producing a line of drop-forged wrenches.

This line of tools continued to expand over the years.

By 1920 Armstrong was offering three sizes of "Aero" tappet wrenches made of chrome-nickel steel,

an early example of alloy steel usage for tools

published on page 748 of the November, 1920 issue of Railway Mechanical Engineer,

announces Armstrong catalog B-20 and notes the inclusion of "Aero" tappets among the new products.

In 1948 the company moved from the Francisco Avenue site to 5200 West Armstrong Avenue,

A second manufacturing facility in Fayetteville, Arkansas was added in 1974.

In 1994 Armstrong was acquired by the Danaher Group,

a conglomerate with other tool company holdings including Allen, K-D, Matco,

Armstrong operates now as the Industrial Hand Tools division of Danaher.

More information on the history and development of Armstrong is available

www.armstrongtools.com [External Link] web site.

Armstrong was a highly innovative organization from its beginning,

and received (or licensed) many patents over the years.

Their early catalogs even include a list of patent dates in the front,

a thoughtful addition that would have been more useful if the patent numbers

Armstrong Bros.: Issued and Licensed Patents

Patent No.InventorFiledIssuedNotes and Examples

J. Armstrong03/21/190401/10/1905Process of Cutting Steel

W.S. Robinson 12/26/1916 01/01/1918 Planer-Tool Holder

L.F. Armstrong02/17/192810/22/1929Wrench for Tool Holder

Armstrong S-110 1/2-Drive Locking Extension

H.A. Rhinevault08/22/193606/13/1939Socket Locking Device

Armstrong registered a number of trademarks,

Description First Use Date Filed Date Issued

Armstrong tools are generally clearly marked with the Armstrong name or trademarked logo,

Early tools may be marked with symbol consisting of an "A" within a triangle,

Armstrong is not known to have used any kind of a date code marking for its tools.

any estimation of manufacturing dates will have to be based on other information,

such as the design or style, patents, trademarks, finish, and so on

Probably the most important date marker for Armstrong tools is the "Armaloy" trademark,

registered with its first use in late 1946 and (presumably) marked on alloy-steel tools shortly after that.

In this article we'll assume a manufacturing date of 1947 or later for Armaloy-marked tools.

Another useful indication of the manufacturing date follows from the 1978 introduction

The new system assigned a five digit model number to all tools,

with part of the number indicating a category for the tool and the

final digits typically encoding the size.

The new model numbers were first used in Armstrong catalog 880 of 1978,

and that catalog includes a cross-reference table of old and new numbers.

The following observations and events may be helpful in estimating the manufacturing date for some tools.

Alloy steel tools had forged-in "Armstrong-Vanadium" markings

from the mid 1920s until the early 1930s

The forged-in "Armstrong-Vanadium" marking was replaced by a stamped "Chrome-Vanadium" (or equivalent)

However, the Armstrong catalogs from the 1930s continued to illustrate tools with "Armstrong-Vanadium",

and some examples may have been marked with a stamped "Armstrong-Vanadium".

These specific alloy markings are believed to have remained in use until around 1942,

after which they were typically replaced by a generic "Alloy Steel" or equivalent.

In Catalog 39b Armstrong changed the steel specification for sockets and drive tools to "Alloy Steel"

This was the second of the interim wartime-era catalogs and was likely published around 1944.

It's likely that the actual tool markings were changed before the catalog publication,

so an estimate of 1942 for the beginning of this marking is probably reasonable.

Since Armstrong began using the "Armaloy" trademark for alloy tools in late 1946,

the "Alloy Steel" marking likely indicates production in 1942-1946.

This marking is believed to have been first used during the 1942-1945 war years to indicate

the substitution of high tensile strength steel where a chrome vanadium alloy would normally have been used.

Armstrong later used "Hi-Tensile" or "Hi-Ten" on some of its carbon steel tool line,

but this usage can be distinguished by the model numbers.

Marked on alloy steel tools, first used in late 1946.

From the early 1930s onward Armstrong provided a single locking hole in the drive end of sockets,

The locking hole remained in production until at least the 1970s,

but was eventually replaced by recesses on the drive end walls.

Sockets were made with a single wide groove at the base beginning in the late 1940s,

The wide-groove style remained in use until approximately 1970.

Sockets were made with a single narrow groove at the base beginning around 1970.

Armstrong began using recesses on the drive end of sockets sometime in the 1970s or later,

replacing the locking holes used up to that time.

Examples are known of narrow-groove style sockets with drive-end recesses.

In 1978 Armstrong switched to a five-digit model numbering system, first published in catalog 880.

Sockets were made with a two narrow grooves at the base beginning sometime after 1978.

Photographs and observations of particular tools are based on items in the Alloy Artifacts collection.

Our current catalog resources are summarized in the table below.

Lists three sizes of "Aero" tappet wrenches in chrome-nickel steel.

Notice for catalog in November, 1920 issue of Railway Mechanical Engineer.

Lists "Aero" tappet wrenches in chrome-nickel steel.

Armstrong-Vanadium open-end and tappet wrenches available.

Includes price update dated January 1, 1928.

Largest socket tools in 1 inch hex drive X-Series.

Combination ("Multitype") wrenches offered.

"Drivelock" locking system for 1/2, 3/4, and 1 inch drive tools.

Sockets and tools for 1 inch square drive in XX-series.

All socket tools specify "Chrome-Vanadium Steel".

X-series model numbers for 1 inch drive, no cross-bar hole for sockets.

Socket tools in 1/4-drive NM-series available.

S-91 ratchet available with round knurled handle

S-91 ratchet with flat-sided knurled handle.

Introduction of new 5-digit product numbering system.

Sockets still with narrow-groove design.

Armstrong tools were distributed by many industrial supply companies,

and the catalogs from these suppliers may contain helpful information on Armstrong

We'll add references to some of these as time permits.

Carbon steel was the dominant material for toolmaking until around the mid 1920s,

when various alloy steels came into general use.

Fig. 1A. Armstrong No. 2 7/16 Toolpost Wrench, with Inset for Reverse Detail,

Fig. 1A shows an early Armstrong No. 2 7/16 toolpost wrench,

marked with "Armstrong" forged into the shank,

Fig. 1B. Armstrong No. 5 7/8 Toolpost Wrench, with Inset for Reverse,

Fig. 1B shows an early Armstrong No. 5 7/8 toolpost wrench,

stamped with "Armstrong Bros. Tool Co." and "Chicago, U.S.A." plus the model number on the face,

The reverse face marking is a reference to the older

U.S.S. size convention for the 7/8 opening.

Fig. 2A. Armstrong 23A 3/8x7/16 Open-End Wrench, with Inset for Reverse,

Fig. 2A shows an early Armstrong 23A 3/8x7/16 open-end wrench,

stamped "Armstrong" and "Chicago, U.S.A." on the face,

The reverse faces are stamped with the opening sizes as "1/4 CAP" and "3/16 CAP",

Fig. 2. Armstrong 1623-C 7/16x1/2 Check-Nut Wrench, with Inset for Reverse, ca. Early 1920s.

Fig. 2 shows an early Armstrong 1623-C 7/16x1/2 check-nut wrench,

stamped "Armstrong Bros. Tool Co." and "Chicago, U.S.A." on the face,

The reverse faces are stamped with the opening sizes as "5/16 S.A.E." and "1/4 S.A.E.",

references to the older S.A.E. size convention.

The wrench is listed in the automotive section of the 1921 Armstrong catalog.

Fig. 3. Armstrong 629C 3/4x7/8 Check-Nut Wrench, with Inset for Reverse Detail.

Fig. 3 shows an Armstrong 629C 3/4x7/8 open-end check-nut (thin) wrench,

marked "Armstrong Chicago U.S.A." on the face,

The inset shows the reverse side markings,

with the model number "629" in raised letters and "C" stamped into the shank.

The mix of forged-in and stamped markings probably indicates that one forged blank

could be used to make several wrench models.

Fig. 4. Armstrong 661D 5/16x3/8 S-Shaped Wrench, with Inset for Reverse Detail,

Fig. 4 shows an Armstrong 661D 5/16x3/8 S-shaped open-end wrench,

with the model number forged into the reverse.

The Armstrong catalog lists this model for use with hex capscrew sizes 1/8 and 3/16,

corresponding to the fractional opening sizes 5/16 and 3/8,

The use of A-Triangle logo with fractional size markings suggests production in the late 1920s.

Fig. 5. Armstrong 807 1-1/16 Single-Box Wrench, with Inset for Reverse Detail.

Fig. 5 shows an early Armstrong 807 1-1/16 hex single-box wrench,

marked with the model number forged into the shank,

A-Triangle logo forged into the reverse.

#### 903 11/16 Single-Open Structural Wrench

Fig. 6. Armstrong 903 11/16 Single-Open Structural Wrench, with Inset for Side View,

Fig. 6 shows an early Armstrong 903 11/16 open-end structural wrench,

although part of the pointed handle appears to have been broken off.

(The 1923 catalog specified a length of 9.5 inches.)

The 1923 Armstrong catalog noted that this wrench was sized for "rough nuts",

Armstrong continued to produce certain tools in carbon steel models even after

the widespread adoption of alloy steels,

for applications where the greater strength (but higher cost) of alloy steel was not needed

Fig. 7. Armstrong 31 25/32x7/8 Open-End Wrench, with Inset for Side View.

Fig. 7 shows an Armstrong 31 25/32x7/8 open-end wrench,

stamped on the face with "Armstrong" and "Made in U.S.A." with the

and the finish is gray paint with polished faces.

#### 5B782 (Caterpillar) 9/16x5/8 Open-End Wrench

Fig. 8. Armstrong 5B782 9/16x5/8 Open-End Wrench.

Fig. 8 shows an Armstrong 5B782 9/16x5/8 open-end wrench,

and the finish is plain steel with traces of black paint,

Several sources have suggested that open-end wrenches in the 5B78x model series were made for Caterpillar,

so this wrench has been provisionally identified as production for Caterpillar.

Similar wrenches were also produced by Billings and can be seen as the

#### 5B786 (Caterpillar) 1-1/16x1-1/8 Open-End Wrench

Fig. 9. Armstrong 5B786 1-1/16x1-1/8 Open-End Wrench, with Inset for Marking Detail.

Fig. 9 shows an Armstrong 5B786 1-1/16x1-1/8 open-end wrench,

Fig. 10. Armstrong 624-A 7/16x9/16 Check-Nut Wrench.

Fig. 11. Armstrong 637 1-1/16x1-1/4 Check-Nut Wrench.

an Armstrong 637 1-1/16 by 1-1/4 thin open-end wrench,

#### 607-A 1-1/8 Single-Open Check-Nut Wrench

Fig. 12. Armstrong 607-A 1-1/8 Single-Open Check-Nut Wrench.

Fig. 12 shows an Armstrong 607-A 1-1/8 single-open check-nut wrench,

stamped "Armstrong" and "Made in U.S.A." with the

The shank is stamped with the model number and also has a forged-in Strong-Arm logo,

and the finish is gray paint with polished faces.

#### 661G 3/8x1/2 S-Shaped Open-End Wrench

Fig. 13. Armstrong 661G 3/8x1/2 S-Shaped Open-End Wrench.

Fig. 13 shows an Armstrong 661G 3/8x1/2 S-shaped open-end wrench,

stamped on the face with "Armstrong" and "Made in U.S.A." with the

but most of the paint has been worn off.

This wrench is listed in the catalogs as a heavy-duty model for hex-head cap screws.

#### 204-A 3/4 Single-Open Construction Wrench

Fig. 13B. Armstrong 204-A 3/4 Single-Open Construction Wrench, with Inset for Reverse,

Fig. 13B shows an Armstrong 204-A 3/4 single-open construction wrench,

stamped with the fractional size and model number followed by "Hardened" on the shank,

The reverse is marked with "Armstrong" and "U.S.A." forged into the shank.

This model was listed in the 1948 catalog as a "Hi-Ten" construction wrench.

Text and Photographs Copyright © 2005-2019 Alloy Artifacts

Armstrong was founded in 1890 as the Armstrong Bros. Tool Company in Chicago, Illinois by the four Armstrong brothers.


The demonstration showed the robot's ability to identify and avoid oncoming people, work with another ASIMO, recognize when to recharge its battery and perform new tasks, such as carrying a tray and pushing a cart.

ASIMO by Honda | The World's Most Advanced Humanoid Robot

Honda Develops Intelligence Technologies Enabling Multiple ASIMO Robots to Work Together in Coordination

Two ASIMOs working together in coordination to deliver refreshments

TOKYO, Dec. 11, 2007 – Honda Motor Co., Ltd. has further advanced intelligence technologies enabling its advanced humanoid robot ASIMO to act autonomously and perform uninterrupted service to office guests.

Honda developed an intelligence technology that enhances smooth movement by enabling ASIMO to choose between stepping back and yielding the right-of-way or continuing to walk based on the predicted movement of oncoming people.

Honda also developed a new intelligence technology related to ASIMO's ability to perform tasks such as carrying a tray and pushing a cart.

In addition, a newly added function enables ASIMO to automatically charge its battery when its remaining battery level falls below a certain level.

Furthermore, a new comprehensive system was developed so that multiple ASIMOs can share tasks by adjusting to the situation and work together in coordination to provide uninterrupted service.

For example, if one ASIMO is idled while recharging, other ASIMO robots will step in and perform assigned tasks.

Honda will begin test operations of two ASIMOs equipped with these newly developed technologies December 12, at the second floor lobby of Honda's Aoyama, Japan headquarters.

Since introducing an all-new ASIMO in 2005, with more advanced physical and intelligence capabilities, Honda has focused its R&D efforts more on the area of intelligence technologies.

The newly developed technologies, which enable ASIMO to operate in an environment with people and other ASIMOs, bring Honda one step closer to the development of a humanoid robot that can be put to practical use in a real world environment requiring coexistence with people.

In situations where more than one ASIMO works together, information regarding the current status of each ASIMO will be shared constantly among the multiple networked ASIMOs in order to share tasks in the most efficient manner.

More precisely, first, the distance between the current position of each ASIMO and the site where each task needs to be performed will be calculated.

Then, taking remaining battery levels into consideration, the most time efficient way to share tasks among the multiple ASIMOs will be determined.

Based on this decision, each ASIMO autonomously performs its assigned tasks.

ASIMO identifies oncoming people through its eye camera, calculates traveling direction and speed, predicts forthcoming movements of oncoming people, and chooses the most appropriate path so that it will not block the movement of others.

When there is not enough space, ASIMO will step back and yield the right-of-way.

New autonomous battery charging function

A new battery charging station was developed for ASIMO's autonomous recharging.

When the remaining battery level falls below a certain level, ASIMO will automatically identify and walk to the closest available battery charging station and re-charge while standing.

Honda will continue its efforts to further advance intelligence technologies with the goal to develop a robot which can be truly useful in a real world environment where coexistence with people is required.

Additionally, the robot visited top engineering and computer science colleges and universities across the USA as part of the ASIMO Technology Circuit Tour in an effort to encourage students to consider scientific careers. In 2004, ASIMO was inducted into the Carnegie Mellon Robot Hall of Fame. In March 2005, the robot walked the red carpet at the world premiere of the computer-animated film, "Robots". In June 2005, ASIMO became a feature in a show called "Say 'Hello' to Honda's ASIMO" at Disneyland's Innoventions attraction, which was a part of the Tomorrowland area of the park. This was the only permanent installation of ASIMO in North America until Innoventions was closed in April 2015.
 The robot first visited the United Kingdom in January 2004 for public demonstrations at the Science Museum in London. ASIMO continued on a world tour, making stops in countries such as Spain, the United Arab Emirates, Russia, South Africa and Australia. In October 2008, ASIMO greeted Prince Charles during a visit to the Miraikan Museum in Tokyo, where it performed a seven-minute step and dance routine. In a demonstration at Honda's Tokyo headquarters in 2007, the company demonstrated new intelligence technologies that enabled multiple ASIMO robots to work together.


However, after one season, McCarthy returned to Espanola and the head coaching position.

(meta data) TITLE: Espanola Express announce return of Tom McCarthy as head coach | NOJHL League Site

Official Site of the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League

# Espanola Express announce return of Tom McCarthy as head coach

ESPANOLA, Ont. – The Espanola Express of the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League announced is pleased to announce the return of Tom McCarthy as head coach for the upcoming 2017-18 NOJHL season.

"We couldn't be happier to welcome Tom back home, as his 20 years coaching experience is matched by no other in the league," claimed Express general manager Chad Clarke.

McCarthy returns with his wealth of knowledge and experience to Espanola to start the upcoming season.

A coach with NHL playing experience, McCarthy played 529 games in the NHL amassing 437 points with the Minnesota North Stars and the Boston Bruins with 190 goals and 247 assists.

He also played in both NHL Stanley Cup playoff games and NHL All-Star games as a star left winger.

His credentials also boast being drafted No. 1 ahead of Wayne Gretzky in the OHL Priority Selection, where he went on to play two seasons with the Oshawa Generals, including a 144-point campaign in 63 outings with the Generals.

"Tom will once again play a very important role in the success of our organization as we owe it to our fans, sponsors and players to build a competitive team to go deep in the playoffs this upcoming season, that our great community can be proud of," added Clarke.

"We have a new approach to building our team this year and we are pleased with the results we have seen already and this is only one of the significant changes you will see this year as we revamp our image and culture from the ground up," stated Clarke.

McCarthy had served as head coach four of the past five years in Espanola, helping many young student-athletes achieve their dreams and goals.

During the 2016-17 he decided to pursue his own dreams and goals of coaching pro in Europe and moved on to coach in the pro MOL ligue in Eastern Europe.

He has returned to Espanola to his home and family to lead the Express in the upcoming season and many more to come.

McCarthy also led Team East to a victory over Team West as head coach at the 2013 Canadian Junior Hockey League's Prospects Games in Nova Scotia.

NOTE: The Express will be holding only one open tryout camp this season.

The camp will be open to any unattached player or having a permission to skate form who wished to attend and tryout for the team with birth years 1997 through 2001.

Players can register via the team's website at espanolaexpress.com or email Randy Blake at randy_blake@hotmail.com.

For more information on the Espanola Express, visit the team website at espanolaexpress.com or on social media at twitter.com/espanolaexpress or facebook.com/EspanolaExpress.

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The team hired former NHL forward Tom McCarthy as its first head coach. McCarthy had previously coached the Espanola Rivermen prior to the teams disbandment. The team played its first game on September 11, 2015, losing at home 4-1 to the Rayside-Balfour Canadians before a crowd of 346. After losing the first six games in franchise history, the team picked up its first victory with a 3-2 win against the Blind River Beavers. Espanola made the playoffs in their first season just ahead of the Blind River Beavers. However, they fell to the Soo Eagles in a best-of-three series 2 games to 0. Espanola finished last in the league attendance wise, averaging only 181 fans per game.
 In August 2016, coach McCarthy announced he was taking a head coaching position with HSC Csíkszereda in the Romanian Hockey League but would also remain involved with the Express as one of the owners. Co-coach Jason Rapcewicz took over as head coach.


He assisted Dries Mertens' winning goal in the team's first game of the tournament, a 2–1 win against Algeria in Belo Horizonte.

(meta data) TITLE: Belgium 2-1 Algeria - BBC Sport

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2014-06-17

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17 Jun 2014 From the section 2014 Fifa World Cup

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Goals from Marouane Fellaini and Dries Mertens saw Belgium come from behind to beat Algeria in their World Cup Group H opener in Belo Horizonte.

The north African side took a shock lead when Sofiane Feghouli scored from the spot after being fouled by Tottenham defender Jan Vertonghen.

Manchester United's Fellaini, a second-half substitute, equalised with a looping header shortly after coming on.

And Mertens scored the winner when he finished off a swift counter-attack.

The 80th-minute strike prompted an eruption of relief from the Belgium bench, not least from coach Marc Wilmots, who had spent most of the match looking understandably pensive.

Belgium striker Romelu Lukaku failed to register a single touch in the opposition areaAlgeria ended a run of 506 minutes without a goal at the World Cup

finalsThibaut Courtois is yet to lose a match he has played for Belgium (W11 D7) and has kept 10 clean sheets in 18 games

His side had 65% possession but for most of the game found it difficult to penetrate an Algeria defence marshalled by former Rangers centre-half Madjid Bougherra.

The European side, the seeded team in the group and widely tipped to do well in Brazil after an impressive qualifying campaign, fielded an imposing starting XI, with the Chelsea pair of Eden Hazard and Romelu Lukaku in attack, while Spurs' Mousa Dembele and former Chelsea man Kevin de Bruyne sat in midfield.

Pre-tournament fifth favourites with some bookmakers, they looked anything but for 69 minutes.

They were rocked in the 24th minute when forward Feghouli was hauled down by Vertonghen in the area as he aimed to convert Faouzi Ghoulam's cross.

The Valencia player recovered to sidefoot a tame penalty past another Blues player Thibaut Courtois, who dived the wrong way.

That was Algeria's first World Cup goal since 1986 - 506 minutes of football.

Belgium's best early chances were from long distance and fell to Zenit St Petersburg's Axel Witsel, who had two efforts saved before failing to convert a header.

My only concern is, centre-forward wise, do they have one to fire them to the semi-final?

The pattern changed with the Belgium substitutions.

First to test the goal was 19-year-old Lille striker Divock Origi, who forced a brilliant low save from Rais Mbolhi.

Gaps began to grow in a tiring Algeria defence, and a fresh Fellaini took advantage of that when he outmuscled marker Carl Medjani and flicked his effort beyond the reach of Mbolhi.

The winner came from a move that showed off Belgium's attack at its best.

De Bruyne tackled Feghouli in his own half and when the ball found its way to Hazard on the left, the PFA young player of the year sped down the wing and fed Mertens, who slammed his shot high into the net.

Belgium almost grabbed a third through Fellaini, but Mbolhi produced another good save from point-blank range.

"It was a tough match but we were patient throughout and at the end we were rewarded.

"We stayed calm after doing a small mistake in the first half.

We saw that Algeria were getting more and more tired.

At half-time people were a bit down, but I said 'don't worry, we will score and we will change totally the match'."

I would have liked to have a couple of tougher and more resilient players to resist their attacks but I don't have much of a choice.

But in the second half it was a bit tough.

We left too much space to the Belgian team and the two goals scored against us were to be expected."

Tottenham defender Vertonghen protested against the card and penalty decision in Estadio Mineirao

Feghouli ended Algeria's barren World Cup run in the 24th minute

Belgium supporters packed an arena in Antwerp to watch the match unfold on a big screem

Fellaini scored Belgium's first goal at a World Cup since they were last in the competition in 2002

Match-winner Mertens scored 11 goals for Napoli last seasonLine-upsMatch StatsLive Text

1Courtois2Alderweireld5VertonghenBooked at 24mins19DembéléSubstituted forFellainiat 65'minutes15van Buyten4Kompany7De Bruyne6Witsel9LukakuSubstituted forOrigiat 58'minutes22ChadliSubstituted forMertensat 45'minutes10E Hazard

66'minutes14BentalebBooked at 33mins21MahrezSubstituted forLacenat

Home TeamBelgiumAway TeamAlgeriaPossessionHome67%Away33%ShotsHome17Away3Shots on TargetHome8Away1CornersHome7Away2FoulsHome20Away18

Faouzi Ghoulam (Algeria) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

Axel Witsel (Belgium) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

Mehdi Mostefa (Algeria) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

Madjid Bougherra (Algeria) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

Vincent Kompany tries a through ball, but Marouane Fellaini is caught offside.

Saphir Taïder (Algeria) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

Eden Hazard (Belgium) wins a free kick on the left wing.

Marouane Fellaini (Belgium) header from the centre of the box is saved in the top left corner.

Assisted by Toby Alderweireld with a cross.

Dries Mertens (Belgium) right footed shot from the right side of the box to the top right corner.

Assisted by Eden Hazard following a fast break.

Mehdi Lacen (Algeria) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

Kevin De Bruyne (Belgium) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked.

Carl Medjani (Algeria) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

Kevin De Bruyne tries a through ball, but Marouane Fellaini is caught offside.

Daniel van Buyten (Belgium) header from the centre of the box is too high.

Assisted by Dries Mertens with a cross following a corner.

Jan Vertonghen (Belgium) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

Marouane Fellaini (Belgium) header from the centre of the box to the top right corner.

Assisted by Kevin De Bruyne with a cross.

Divock Origi (Belgium) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom left corner.

Assisted by Jan Vertonghen with a headed pass.

Jan Vertonghen (Belgium) left footed shot from the left side of the box misses to the left.

Read more on 2014 World Cup groups & schedule

### 2014 World Cup - BBC Features & Video

Read more on 2014 World Cup - BBC Features & Video

23 Aug From the section Cricket Read more on 'It feels like the Ashes are gone'

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### Watch highlights from the first round of group matches

20 Jun 2014 From the section 2014 Fifa World Cup Read more on 2014 Fifa World Cup: Highlights from first round of group matches

### Belgium v Algeria - watch again (UK only)

23 May 2014 From the section 2014 Fifa World Cup Read more on World Cup 2014: Belgium v Algeria

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16 Jun 2014 From the section 2014 Fifa World Cup Read more on World Cup 2014: How Belgium built their golden generation

22 Jun 2014 From the section 2014 Fifa World Cup Read more on World Cup 2014: Lawro's predictions - second group games

16 Jun 2014 From the section 2014 Fifa World Cup Read more on World Cup 2014: Today at the tournament - day six

23 May 2014 From the section 2014 Fifa World Cup Read more on 2014 Fifa World Cup: Guide to Belgium's Group H

How to get involved in just about any sport or activity

International career.:2014 World Cup and Euro 2016.

Hazard made nine appearances in the "Red Devils'" successful 2014 World Cup qualification campaign, scoring twice. The first of these came on 22 March against the Republic of Macedonia at the Philip II Arena, converting a penalty to conclude a 2–0 win after being fouled by Aleksandar Lazevski. Three days later in the reverse fixture, he beat two defenders before scoring the only goal of the game.
 On 13 May 2014, Hazard was named in Belgium's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.


Ultimately, in a shock result, Labor came up just one seat short of the 36-seat swing it needed to win back government in its own right, and was able to form a minority government with the support of independent Peter Wellington.

(meta data) TITLE: Queensland election: State wakes to new political landscape

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# Queensland election: State wakes to new political landscape

A new political landscape will greet Queensland, with Labor set to take back power after just three years.

Three seats, Mansfield, Maryborough and Whitsunday remained undecided on Saturday night, but Labor was expected to pick up enough to form a majority government.

Labor leader Annastacia Palaszczuk walks out of the political darkness, and into the spotlight as likely new Premier.

Even if Labor falls short, it is likely to have support of both Katter Australia Party and independent Peter Wellington in a hung parliament.

It was a result no George Street player had predicted, with even Labor insiders conceding a win was almost impossible at the outset of the campaign.

LNP members quickly dubbed Annastacia Palaszczuk the "accidental Premier", noting that not even federal leader Bill Shorten had expected the Inala MP to pull off what has become a political comeback for the history books.

While the LNP looks back at what went wrong, with many pointing to federal issues, potentially signalling the end of Tony Abbott's prime ministership, Labor, which campaigned on a "no asset sales" and "united Queensland" platform, which was light on policy detail, was looking forward.

"One thing is for sure, we won't be moving into the Executive Building within hours of the result," one source said.

"You may have noticed that she [Ms Palaszczuk] said grace, dignity and humility a bit during the campaign.

I think she is on notice that we will have to follow that.

Given the shock result, cabinet positions are still unsure, with Ms Palaszczuk now bound by her promise to reduce the ministry from 19 to 14 spots.

LNP government decisions will now come under review, potentially placing some projects, like Queen's Wharf, in doubt, but Labor insiders were keen to push that no decisions had been made yet.

State sanctioned ceremonies for same-sex couples are expected to be reinstated, while acting head of the Crime and Corruption Commission, Ken Levy, has been put on notice.

Beyond that, Labor will have to walk a tightrope, between their promise to be economically responsible and maintain the LNP's fiscal spending, and improve frontline services, without off-loading the state's assets.

Having run a campaign on "modest" campaign promises, many are now wondering how Labor will pull it off, without increasing the state's debt.

They have committed to consolidating the state's power assets with no forced redundancies, something which was investigated under the Bligh Government, but ultimately discarded.

"It's going to be tough and we will be feeling our way forward," one Labor staffer, who didn't want to be named said.

"But I think we all know we have to just keep talking to people.

A lot of mistakes were made during the last government that we can learn from."

Ms Palaszczuk, speaking to "true believers" in Richlands, part of a move to take Labor back to its roots, said she wanted to "put the past three years behind us".

"Who would have thought three years ago, we would have been making history tonight," she said.

Given the disbelief from the LNP camp, certainly no one from that side of the fence believed they would be relegated to a one-term wonder.

"We have a lot of thinking to do," one said.

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On 5 January 2015, media organisations reported that Newman intended to announce the election date the next day. On 6 January, Newman confirmed on Twitter that he had visited acting governor Tim Carmody and writs had been issued for an election on 31 January. During the election campaign there was speculation that Newman, sitting on a two-party margin of 5.7 points in his seat of Ashgrove, was at risk of being rolled in his own seat, drawing into question his ability to remain as Premier even if the LNP won another term.
 At the election Newman lost Ashgrove to his Labor predecessor, Kate Jones, on a swing of nearly 10 points. With his defeat in Ashgrove beyond doubt even though counting had not been finalised, Newman announced his retirement from politics on election night. He immediately resigned as both premier and LNP leader, though he remained as caretaker premier for nearly two weeks while the overall result was in doubt. Newman was the second sitting Queensland premier to lose his own seat, the first being Digby Denham.


The events diverge here with McMillan claiming the officer grabbed her breast and in return, she elbowed the police officer in the eye, although she claims to have no memory of the incident.

(meta data) TITLE: Protester Says She Doesn't Recall Hitting Officer With Elbow - NYTimes.com

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###### N.Y. / Region|Protester Says She Doesn't Recall Hitting Officer With Elbow

# Protester Says She Doesn't Recall Hitting Officer With Elbow

Cecily McMillan, 25, is charged with assaulting a police officer during an Occupy Wall Street rally at Zuccotti Park in 2012.

Anthony Lanzilote for The New York Times

Cecily McMillan, the Occupy Wall Street protester charged with assaulting a New York City police officer, testified on Wednesday that she has no recollection of blackening the officer's eye with her elbow.

Having watched a video of the episode, though, she does not deny doing it.

"As I have no memory of my elbow coming into contact with the officer's face," she said, "I've watched it hundreds of times trying to make sense of what happened."

On this ninth day of testimony, Ms. McMillan, 25, stood by her claim that she reacted during a clearing out of Zuccotti Park on March 17, 2012, after Officer Grantley Bovell grabbed her breast.

"All of the sudden I feel somebody grab me from behind, from my right breast, and pull me backward," she said.

"I was lifted in the air and then I felt my face slammed to the ground."

Ms. McMillan said she had spent that St. Patrick's Day on a pub crawl with a visiting friend.

They took a cab to Zuccotti Park in the hopes of finding another friend, and a less crowded Lower Manhattan bar.

The friend, Lara Wasserman, an opera singer, testified Wednesday that she and Ms. McMillan each had about seven beers in the four hours before the incident.

When asked by a defense lawyer, Martin R. Stolar, if that was excessive, Ms. Wasserman said, "No, we went to school in Wisconsin."

Closing arguments are expected to begin Friday.

Ms. McMillan, a labor organizer who faces seven years in prison if convicted, expressed remorse.

"I'm really sorry that officer got hurt," she said.

"People are doing their jobs; stuff happens."

She added that part of what drew her to the protests at Zuccotti Park was the hope of pushing the city to negotiate better contracts for its police officers.

On cross-examination, Assistant District Attorney Erin Choi hammered on records of Ms. McMillan's medical examinations from the days right after her arrest.

None specified that her breast was groped.

"It says I was abused," Ms. McMillan said.

"But it does not say specifically my breast."

Earlier, Officer Bovell testified that he put his hand on Ms. McMillan's shoulder to steer her out of the park after she refused a command to leave from a second officer.

He also admitted to being suspended for several days by the Police Department for fixing traffic tickets in 2010.

An onlooker's video of the episode appeared to show Ms. McMillan elbow Officer Bovell's face, run several steps, and get tackled by several officers.

Of the thousands of people arrested at Occupy Wall Street, she is just one of a few who opted for a trial.

She did so, she has said, because accepting the state's plea deal to avoid jail would have put a felony on her record.

Ms. McMillan said while her memories of that day — the six-month anniversary of Occupy Wall Street — are just "visceral blurs," her interpretation of the video was that Officer Bovell grabbed her "forcefully from behind" and caused her knees to buckle just before she struck backward.

"I was a cheerleader; I know how to jump," she said.

"But I'm a completely nonviolent activist and I've been through extensive training to make sure that no part of my body could ever be used to hurt others."

On March 17, 2012, McMillan was celebrating St. Patrick's Day with friends in Lower Manhattan when she went to Zuccotti Park to meet up with more friends. On that day, hundreds of people were in the park commemorating the six-month anniversary of the Occupy Wall Street movement. Police officers announced that the park was closed and that anyone remaining inside would be charged with trespassing, and later began clearing out the remaining protestors. According to the police, McMillan was asked to leave the park, but refused to leave. The officer later placed a hand on her shoulder to lead her out.


Similarly, in the 2018 QS Top 50 Under 50 index of universities founded less than 50 years ago, UTS ranked 8th in the world and 1st in Australia.

(meta data) TITLE: QS University Rankings: Top 50 Under 50 2018 | Top Universities

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Home > QS University Rankings: Top 50 Under 50 2018

First published in 2012, the QS Top 50 Under 50 celebrates the world's leading young universities.

It is published annually, based on the latest edition of the QS World University Rankings®, and since 2015 has doubled its range to include the Next 50 Under 50.

For the fourth year running, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore is the best young university in the world.

This year, NTU also became the highest-ranked university in its country, overtaking the National University of Singapore for the first time ever.

This year's ranking includes universities from 25 different countries.

Want to share your thoughts on this year's ranking?

Has this helped you make your mind up about where to apply?

Discover the fastest-rising stars of the higher education world founded less than 50 years ago, with the QS Top 50 Under 50 2018.

It is published annually, based on the latest edition of the QS World University Rankings® 2018, and since 2015 has doubled its range to include the Next 50 Under 50.

So far, 150 universities in over 35 countries have been rated in up to 12 categories.

Read about the top young Universities in Australia, based on the QS Top 50 Under 50 2016-2017.

Top 10 Universities in Europe Under 50 Years Old

Discover the top 10 universities in Europe under 50 years old, based on the results of the QS Top 50 Under 50 2016-2017.

Asia's Top Young Universities: NTU vs HKUST

Compare Asia's top young universities: Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST).

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The 2020 QS World University Rankings ranked UTS 9th in Australia and 140th in the world. UTS is ranked 9th in Australia and 196th internationally by the 2019 Times Higher Education World University Rankings. UTS is ranked 122nd (second in Australia) in the 2017 CWTS Leiden ranking. The university is ranked in the 301st–400th bracket in the 2017 Academic Ranking of World Universities.
 UTS ranked 1st in Australia and 15th globally in the 2017 "Times Higher Education" top 150 universities 150 Under 50 Rankings.


The objective of this part is to get 3 numbers or symbols in a row for a jackpot.

(meta data) TITLE: Pachinko - the most popular slot machines in Japan

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https//www.slotozilla.com

(meta data) COPYRIGHT: Slotozilla.com | All rights reserved.

# Pachinko – the most popular slot machines in Japan

Pachinko is a century-old kind of recreational gambling, originating from Japan.

Resembling a mixture of mechanical pinball and slot machines or freeslots, pachinko or pachislots is widespread as a national leisure on the Japanese islands.

Playing the Pachinko game online has been known to be a tolerable exception to Japanese gambling-prohibiting laws.

The rules of the game are quite simple – on the playing field, a small steel ball or a pack of balls has to make its way, falling vertically through a series of barriers, flappers and wind tunnels.

The player can control it to an extent but much is left to chance.

There are hundreds and thousands of variations available to the gamblers.

Online pachinko implements series of intentional obstacles that are put into an interactive environment that can include video or animation.

The pachinko parlors scattered throughout Japan are seldom empty – operating mostly 24/7, these venues allow smoking and beverages right at the table.

Some legal tension is rising on the matter of smoking in such parlors but so far it has not been enforced and the crowds are drawn to it.

The pachinko slot machines are known for being rewarding, and even though, Japan forbids gambling for cash, the prize tokens that you get from the payout can be exchanged for real funds in a separate designated places.

Pay back percentages often go as high as 160% – which is among the biggest reason for the game's popularity over the last century.

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To play pachinko, players get a number of metal balls by inserting cash or cards directly into the machine they want to use. These balls are then shot into the machine usually via pulling a lever once for each launch from a ball tray. The balls then fall vertically through an array of pins, levers, cups, traps and various obstacles until they reach the bottom of the machine screen.
 The player has a chance to get more balls to play with if one of the launched balls hits a certain place during the fall through the Pachinko machine. Having more balls is considered a benefit because it allows the player to remain in the game longer and ultimately have a larger winning chance. Newer machines have a digital slot machine on a large screen in the center of the system.


In mid-April, 500 migrants continued northward from Mexico City—the caravan's last official stop—toward Tijuana, in separate groups riding atop freight train cars.

(meta data) TITLE: Migrant caravan in Mexico that irked Donald Trump resumes journey to US border - CBS News

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/CBSNews

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# Remnants of migrant caravan resume trek to U.S. border

The remnants of a migrant caravan of Central Americans that angered President Donald Trump continued their journey north through Mexico toward the U.S. border Wednesday.

Organizer Irineo Mujica, speaking from the western Mexico city of Guadalajara, said about 500 migrants had been riding trains north since departing Mexico City last weekend.

The caravan that left the Guatemala-Mexico border in late March grew to more than 1,000 migrants who found safety travelling in numbers.

In Mexico City, Mujica had said the capital was the caravan's last official stop, but many of the migrants feared going solo on the dangerous final leg north and decided to keep travelling en masse.

Some who had split off to press on alone reported back about kidnappings and having their papers for safe passage torn up.

"That caused the group to regroup," he said.

Mujica said they were headed for Tijuana, where about half planned to go to the border to request asylum in the U.S.

Mr. Trump had railed against the caravan, even threatening the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement if Mexico did not stop its progress.

The majority were Hondurans fleeing gang violence and the instability that followed the contested re-election of President Juan Orlando Hernandez.

Mr. Trump also threatened U.S. aid to Honduras in a tweet and announced that he was calling for a deployment of the National Guard to the border.

When the caravan shrank, Mr. Trump struck a more conciliatory tone crediting the Mexican government's enforcement of immigration laws.

For the most part, Mexican authorities issued transit papers to those migrants who wished to request asylum in the U.S. and started paperwork for those who wanted to stay in Mexico.

The caravan is an annual, symbolic event held around Easter each year to raise awareness about the plight of migrants.

It historically does not go all the way to the border and that was not the original plan this year, Mujica said.

Central American migrants, moving in a caravan through Mexico, wait next to a railway line before embarking on a new leg of their travels, in Tlaquepaque, in Jalisco state, Mexico April 18, 2018.

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### Making his mark: Lisbon street artist Vhils

Instead of a paintbrush, Alexandre Farto uses drills and jackhammers to create large-scale public art that exposes layers of a city's history.

Once seen as a vandal known by his tag, Vhils, he has fueled the flourishing street art scene in his native Lisbon, Portugal, where murals have added a colorful touch to the otherwise overlooked or mundane, and he has transformed buildings in cities around the world by exposing layers of history.

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Drought and crop failure in the Central American dry corridor and Climate change in Honduras has been a factor in the formation of the caravans.
 Pueblo Sin Fronteras supported its first Holy Week caravan in 2017.
 On 25 March 2018, a group of about 700 migrants (80% from Honduras) began their way north from Tapachula. By 1 April, the caravan had arrived in Matías Romero, Oaxaca, and grown to about 1,200 people.


Similar rides were proposed for Japan and Australia.

(meta data) TITLE: CP Air: CP Air Interplanetary

One of the many unique marketing promotions CP Air was associated with was Tour of the Universe, a futuristic fantasy space simulator ride located at the base of Toronto's CN Tower in 1986.

CP Air News had the scoop on the airline's involvement:

Tour of the Universe, officially opened for business in late January taking upwards of 300 people per hour on flights to the environs of Jupiter.

CP Air is a sponsor of the project, and should benefit enormously from the wide publicity that will be generated.

The space trip is a world class attraction that took almost 4 years and $12 million to develop.

Reduced to simple basics, it's a 15 minute "flight" in a B747 simulator, with the whole show extended to about an hour when pre-board activities are included.

The simulator, with its 10 video and seven audio systems, pulls off the illusion of a functioning spaceport in the year 2019 with regular flights to Jupiter.

Flights to other spots in the universe are under development.

If you're wondering how a rocket blasts off from the heart of Toronto in a conventional ball of flame, well it doesn't.

Blast off is accomplished by linear magnetic traction, up the hollow core of the CN Tower.

Tour of the Universe is a development by Interactive Entertainment Inc. which has identified 23 other cities around the world as potential space tour locations.

They will be operated on a franchise basis and the second is to be opened in Japan this coming summer by the Seibu Co.

Canadian Pacific will not necessarily be involved in the international locations as each franchise operator will obtain its own sponsors.

A third tour has been proposed for Australia's Gold Coast.

Meantime, Toronto is the scene of the action.

Admission is $7 for adults, $4 for children and senior citizens.

Interactive Entertainment is offering employees and Pionairs of CP Air, Hotels & Holidays a two for one introductory package good March 1 through April 30.

Canadian Pacific Airlines Newsletters 1963-1964

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CP Air article in Flight International magazine

 The ride was the idea of Moses Znaimer and designed by SimEx.  The name of the ride, "Tour of the Universe", and its content were adapted from a work of the same name cowritten in 1980 by Robert Holdstock and Malcolm Edwards, who sold the rights for the ride.
 Construction began in 1984 and the ride began operations in 1986. Built by Showscan Film, the ride used two Boeing 747 simulators designed and built by Redifusion Ltd in Crawley, UK.  Showscan designed and built the spacecraft themed cabin that seated the 40 passengers.  Director, special effects expert and Showscan owner Douglas Trumbull produced the show film.  The ride system and its controls were later the basis for Disneyland's Star Tours ride. The ride was replaced in 1992 with a similar attraction entitled "Space Race." It was later dismantled and replaced by two other SimEx rides in 1998 and 1999.


Mario Podesta studied with Mado and he, who had been a student of Fernando De Lucia, noticed the extraordinary high register of her voice.

(meta data) TITLE: Mado Robin - Sopranos - Opera Vivrà

(meta data) PUBLISHER: http://www.facebook.com.operavivra

Madeleine Marie Robin was born at Yseures-sur-Creuse near Tours on December 29th 1918.

She grew up on her parents` property where her and her two sisters` musical ambition was encouraged in every possible way.

At the age of thirteen the girl took her first singing lessons but never at that time thought seriously about a career in opera.

She studied with Mario Podesta who, himself a pupil of Fernando De Lucia, discovered the exceptional high register of her voice.

Robin chose the aria of Gilda for a contest at the Opéra in 1937 where she easily won the first prize.

Outbreak of War delayed her operatic debut but in 1942 the singer gave her first concert at the Salle Gaveau.

At this time she recorded the first titles for Pathé-Marconi which had already made her famous without even having set foot on an operatic stage.

But still, the thought of a professional singing career did not convince her if it had not been for some persistent friends who talked her into auditioning for Jaques Rouché, then director of the Grand Opéra.

On the evening of her debut on August 12th 1945 as Gilda she not only fulfilled her public`s expectations but surpassed them by far.

Within a short time she was equally successful as Queen of the Night, Ophelia, Lakmé (role-debut in 1946), Rosina and Leila.

After two seasons Robin thought it was time to extend her artistic horizon.

She appeared at every major Opera House in France as well as in North Africa, Brussels, Luxemburg and Monte Carlo.

1950 Robin sang her first Lucia in Marseilles.

1954/55 was the year of the singer`s American debut and apart from an extensive tour she gave her only operatic performances in the U.S. in San Francisco.

She returned to the Opéra for "Zauberflöte" in 1955 and was invited to sing at the celebration of the marriage of Prince Rainer and Grace Kelly in Monaco in 1956.

Spain, Germany, England and Switzerland saw a lot of her in 1958 and one year later she started a highly acclaimed tour through Russia where one of her great triumphs was a performance of "Rigoletto" at the Bolshoi Theatre.

In February 1960 the soprano had an operation performed from which she soon recovered and returned within no time to the stages of the Salle Favart and the Opéra.

At the beginning of August she suffered a severe collapse but, again, regained her strength to record excerpts of "La Traviata" which she had always longed to perform on stage.

Mado Robin did not live to see her 42nd birthday.

On December 10th 1960 she died of leukemia.

During her all too short career several delegations of the Sorbonne`s General Physiologie had tried to discover the "secret" of Robin`s phenomenal high notes.

Her extraordinary high register, which included a C in altissimo, was of a remarkable freshness and ease and had a stupendous agility.

Some of her roles were arranged and transposed up especially for her voice!

The French film-director, Sasha Guitry, used to appreciate the following definition: "Singing is very easy if one can sing like that.

– But to be able to sing like that is very difficult."

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Robin was born in Yzeures-sur-Creuse, Touraine, where she owned the Château des Vallées. Mado took her first singing lessons when she was only 13 years old but not with the intention to make a career out of it.


The book examines how contemporary African American artists, writers, and intellectuals antebellum slavery within post-Civil Rights America in order to challenge the ongoing amnesia of slavery from America’s civic myths and to reimagine a democratic future.

(meta data) TITLE: Salamishah Tillet | Department of English

Salamishah Tillet received her Ph.D. in the History of American Civilization and A.M. in English from Harvard University and her M.A.T. from Brown University.

She graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Pennsylvania where she received her B.A. in English and Afro-American Studies.

In 2010-11, she was the recipient of the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Fellow for Career Enhancement and served as a visiting fellow at the Center of African American Studies at Princeton University.

In 2010, she was awarded the Edmund J. and Louise W. Kahn Award for Distinguished Teaching by an Assistant Professor at the University of Pennsylvania.

In 2013-14, she was a Scholar-in-Residence at Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture.

Her book Sites of Slavery: Citizenship and Racial Democracy in the Post-Civil Rights Imagination (Duke University Press, 2012) examines how contemporary African American artists, writers, and intellectuals remember antebellum slavery within post-Civil Rights America in order to challenge the ongoing exclusion of African Americans from America's civic myths and to model a racially democratic future.

In 2010, she co-edited the Callaloo: A Journal of African Diaspora Arts and Letters Special Issue on Ethiopia

her work has appeared in American Literary History, American Quarterly, Callaloo, Novel, Research in African Literatures, Savoring the Salt: The Legacy of Toni Cade Bambara, Violence in the Lives of Black Women: Battered, Black, and Blue, and Women's Review of Books.

She is currently working on a book on the civil rights icon Nina Simone.

Salamishah has appeared on the BBC, CNN, MSNBC, NPR, TedxWomen, and written blogs and editorials for The Atlantic, The Chicago Tribune, The Guardian, The Nation, The New York Times, The Root, and Time.

In 2010, she wrote the liner notes for John Legend and The Roots' three-time Grammy award-winning album, Wake Up!.

In 2013, she published Gloria Steinem: The Kindle Singles Interview for Amazon.

She is the co-founder of A Long Walk Home, Inc., a non-profit organization that uses art to end violence against girls and women.

Her research interests include American Studies, twentieth and twenty-first century African American literature, film, popular music, cultural studies, and feminist theory.

20th-Century American LiteratureAfrican American and Ethnic American Literatures

African American StudiesGender and Sexuality StudiesComparative Race and Empire Studies

2010 Kahn Award for Outstanding Teaching by an Assistant Professor

Salamishah Tillet featured on Philly.com for her Beyoncé class

Imagining the Raced Space of Freedom: Symposium In Honor of Thadious M. Davis

Prof. Salamishah Tillet's article featured in the New York Times

Ghosts, Zombies, and the Afterlives of Slavery

Salamishah Tillet in NY Times : "Oprah Winfrey on 'The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks'"

Salamishah Tillet writes for New York Times: "Finally, a Screenplay by James Baldwin"

Professor Salamishah Tillet Writes for The New York Times

Professor Salamishah Tillet Featured in the New York Times: "'Miles Ahead' and 'Nina' Try to Hit the Beat on the Offbeat"

Professor Salamishah Tillet discusses the impact of Beyonce's "Lemonade" with PBS NewsHour

Professor Salamishah Tillet featured in the New York Times: "Race"

Professor Salamishah Tillet featured in the New York Times: Spike Lee's "Chi-Raq"

Professor Salamishah Tillet featured in the New York Times: The Panthers' Revolutionary Feminism

Professor Salamishah Tillet: New York Times article on Nina Simone

Professor Salamishah Tillet featured in The Daily Pennsylvanian

Professor Salamishah Tillet Featured in The New York Times: To Stop Violence, Start at Home

"The Absurdity of Colorblindness: Post Blackness in Twenty-first Century African American Satire to Real(ly) Absurd: Post Black Paradoxes in African American Satire"

"The Protest Song: Bridge Leadership, Sonic Innovation, and the Long Civil Rights Movement"

"Personified Preaching: Black Feminist Sermonic Practice in Literature and Music"

Family Feuds: Beyoncé, Jay-Z, and Solange and the Meaning of American Music

No Bench by the Road: Monuments, Memory, and the Afterlife of Slavery

"Where My Girls At?": African American Women Performers in the 20th Century

Black Rage: Race, Affect, and the Politics of Feeling

Bessie, Beyoncé, and 20th Century Black Women Performers

Feminism and Contemporary Black Women Writers

Songs of the Underground: Introduction of African American Literature

Nina Simone: Myth, Meme, and the Icon of a Movement

African American Creative Non-Fiction: The Memoir, The Essay, and the Blog

Jazz: Style and History, Jazz Is a Woman

I, Too, Sing America: Introduction to African-American Literature

Changing The Country: Civil Rights Aesthetics and American Memory

The Black Woman: Post-Civil Rights African-American Women's Literature

Songs of the Underground: Music and African-American Literature

'Samplin' and Signfyin': Survey of African-American Literature

The Making of the Black Atlantic: Representations of Slavery in the African Diaspora

Race Films: Spike Lee and his Interlocutors

Postmodernism and African-American Literature

20th Century African-American Women Writers and Filmmakers

In 2012, Tillet published her first book entitled "Sites of Slavery: Citizenship and Racial Democracy in the Post-Civil Rights Imagination" (Duke University Press).