Timberlake was invited by Swedish broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT), to perform "Can't Stop the Feeling" live during the interval act at the grand finale of the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 on May 14, 2016.

(meta data) TITLE: Eurovision Eurovision 2016: Justin Timberlake is the interval act of the final

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# Eurovision 2016: Justin Timberlake is the interval act of the final

The world famous singer Justin Tiberlake will be performing during the final of the 2016 Eurovision Song Contest.

Famous world star and singer Justin Timberlake, was invited by SVT to perform during the final of the 2016 Eurovision Song Contest, taking place this Saturday in Stockholm.

The singer will present for the first time live his latest single Can not Stop The Feeling, which will be the soundtack of the movie Trolls.

The musician and actor Justin Timberlake has won nine Grammy Awards and four Emmys.

His successful solo career includes hits like Cry Me a River, SexyBack and Mirrors and he has starred in films such as The Social Network, Bad Teacher and Friends with Benefits.

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#Eurovision #cometogether #esc2016 #Stockholm @gretasalome from #Iceland takes to the red carpet!

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Germany's @jamielee_kriewitz on the red carpet!

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Career.:2013–2017: "The 20/20 Experience", "2 of 2", and "Trolls".

 Showcasing the final date of The 20/20 Experience World Tour at Las Vegas' MGM Grand Garden Arena, the space-age themed concert film titled "Justin Timberlake + The Tennessee Kids" and directed by Jonathan Demme premiered at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival on September 13. Timberlake dedicated the film to Prince for influencing his music. Ahead of its debut at the film festival, the streaming service Netflix released it on October 12. Timberlake composed the soundtrack and served as music supervisor for the 2017 film "The Book of Love" which his wife Jessica Biel produced and starred in.
 Timberlake voiced the lead character in DreamWorks Animation's musical comedy "Trolls" opposite Anna Kendrick. The film was released in November 2016, and will return for its sequel "Trolls 2" in 2020. He also served as the executive music producer, performing original music for the film, The lead single, "Can't Stop the Feeling!", was released on May 6, 2016.


He earned a bachelor's degree in applied mathematics from the University of Paris IX Dauphine in 1985.

(meta data) TITLE: Bill Gross Made a Mess of PIMCO. Manny Roman Is Here to Clean It Up | Institutional Investor

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2011-06-20

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Inside the quest to make the world's most famous bond manager boring again.

Never before in the history of Pacific Investment Management Co. had $1.4 trillion looked so small.

The firm's co-founder and chief investment officer — the brilliant but mercurial Bill Gross, known as the bond king for his decades-long streak of stellar returns — had abruptly resigned via a handwritten letter left at the firm's offices in the middle of the night.

Gross's shocking exit capped months of mounting tensions at the firm.

His heir apparent, PIMCO CEO Mohamed El-Erian, had resigned that January after openly arguing with Gross; other portfolio managers had threatened to walk if Gross wasn't fired, according to press reports at the time.

The performance of Gross's funds, including the once-$293 billion Total Return Fund, had faltered, and his behavior had become even more eccentric than usual: One of his later investor letters was mostly a paean to his dead cat; another likened sneezing to an erotic experience.

Several of the firm's pension clients put the firm on a watch list.

Still, when Gross left, so did many of the firm's investors, draining hundreds of billions of dollars in assets out of the firm.

Questions swirled around whether the firm could survive without Gross, who had co-founded it in 1971 with just $12 million in assets and built it into a $2 trillion fixed-income powerhouse.

PIMCO moved quickly to stanch the Gross-induced bleeding.

The firm appointed PIMCO chief operating officer Douglas Hodge as CEO, promoting then-deputy chief investment officer Daniel Ivascyn to CIO and elevating several other long-time portfolio managers to senior roles, putting a trio of them in charge of the Total Return Fund.

Then, in October 2015, Gross — who had since joined what is now Janus Henderson — slapped the firm with a lawsuit seeking more than $200 million in damages, saying he had been forced out by "a cabal" of PIMCO executives "driven by a lust for power, greed, and a desire to improve their own financial position" to deny him a nine-figure bonus.

Gross declined to comment for this story.

After the firm started to recover from the turbulence, PIMCO's executives began to look to the future.

Then they made a bold move, surprising both investors and the marketplace with the announcement in July 2016 that Emmanuel (Manny) Roman would take the reins as CEO.

Roman, 54, was "an inspired choice, and a risky one," Donald Putnam, founder and managing director at investment and merchant bank Grail Partners, told Institutional Investor at the time.

A native of France, Roman was an unknown entity to the PIMCO rank and file; he was the first PIMCO outsider to take the top job in the firm's history, and he had never managed a firm with anywhere near that level of assets.

But Roman had engineered a successful turnaround at U.K. asset manager Man Group and steered his previous firm, GLG Partners, through some tumultuous episodes, ultimately selling it to Man Group for $1.6 billion, a staggering premium.

He was highly regarded by former colleagues and employees as an intensely focused, process-driven manager who had a track record for institutionalizing businesses that needed to be tamed but who could also command the respect of egotistical star managers thanks to a strong grasp of the markets.

Today, roughly a year after Roman officially started at PIMCO, several of its largest funds are outperforming their competitors, and it's had four consecutive quarters of asset inflows, including a record $62 billion in the second quarter of this year.

Mutual fund tracker Morningstar just upgraded PIMCO'S Parent Pillar rating — one indicator of how it scores mutual fund firms — to positive from neutral, reflecting the firm's more stable footing post-Gross.

And while PIMCO's assets are still a long way from their Gross-era peak, today it has $1.69 trillion, including $400 billion from parent company Allianz, up respectably from its nadir of $1.4 trillion after Gross left.

The firm's asset mix is far more diverse than it was under Gross — at the time of his departure, Total Return accounted for a substantial chunk of the firm's assets — and its legal feud with him has been settled for $81 million.

In December it also settled charges with the Securities and Exchange Commission for $20 million that it misled investors in its Total Return ETF about the performance and did not accurately value its holdings.

Part of PIMCO's recent success comes down to Ivascyn, who has successfully guided the firm's biggest portfolios and generated strong investment returns.

The $99 billion PIMCO Income fund, which he manages with Alfred Murata, has outperformed 99 percent of its peers over the past three years; some PIMCO funds managed by others have also performed well.

"First and foremost, performance is really, really good," Roman says in an interview at the firm's Newport Beach headquarters.

The new CEO is sitting in the Founders Room, an expansive conference room rechristened as part of the firm's settlement with Gross.

One wall affords stunning vistas of the Pacific Ocean; the other sports six stipple portraits, one each for Gross and five other PIMCO executives.

"Whether you look at one, three, or five-year periods, it's the best performance period in our history," Roman continues.

"And I think a lot of credit goes to Dan and the whole team for having navigated the markets remarkably well.

Obviously, that makes everything much easier."

But Ivascyn and others say at least part of PIMCO's recent success can also be traced to Roman, whom current and former colleagues say is at once a cerebral polymath and a take-charge, no-nonsense decision maker.

Roman enjoyed a "blistering" 18-year career at Goldman Sachs, in the words of a former colleague, making partner before joining London-based hedge fund firm GLG in 2005.

As co-CEO of GLG with Pierre Lagrange, Roman played an instrumental role in the firm's acquisition by Man Group, where he became chief operating officer in 2010 before rising to the CEO role in 2013.

"Since Manny's been here we've seen the stability in the form of most financial metrics: stabilization in AUM, positive flows, continued strengthening of the partnership with Allianz — we have real good relationships there," Ivascyn says.

"I think Manny brings a lot of that to the table.

He holds people to a very high standard, which we need if we're going to truly have a performance culture.

But he also is quite fair and well balanced, with good values."

Roman also played a key role in brokering the truce with Gross, meeting with him at his Janus office in January, according to a Wall Street Journal report.

Roman told Gross that PIMCO would be willing to accede to one of Gross's wishes — recognition within the firm for his achievements — but that if he refused to settle, he should prepare for an ugly trial, according to the report, which called the discussion "intense."

The case was settled after PIMCO's lawyers made a better financial offer to end the dispute, the report said.

At Man Group, former colleagues say, Roman acted decisively to revive a firm whose flagship quantitative strategy, AHL, had suffered several years of poor performance.

He slashed the firm's cost base by about half, including a roughly 20 percent reduction in its workforce in his first year on the job, and diversified the business via a string of successful acquisitions.

Ultimately, Roman's tough decisions paid off.

During his tenure, the publicly traded firm's assets increased by 34 percent, while its share price rose by 19 percent.

But at PIMCO he faces an arguably tougher task.

While the firm seems on solid footing today, it remains to be seen whether PIMCO — a big, active asset manager in a world that's increasingly tilting toward passive strategies, at a time when fees are under intense pressure — can transform itself beyond the 46-year-old business model on which it was founded.

There is also a question of whether it can hold onto its status as one of the biggest and most successful asset managers in the world.

"When a firm is that successful, to maintain that success is incredibly hard, never mind to try to move forward," says Luke Ellis, chief executive officer of Man Group, who first met Roman as an investor in GLG's funds and then later worked with him at Man Group.

"It's like being the New England Patriots — winning a Super Bowl is hard; winning a second and third is harder.

The existential challenge there is to maintain the drive and the quality and the delivery that they've done that got them there."

Meanwhile, Roman has entered the job several decades into a bull run in fixed income assets, and he has to figure out how to position the business for when that run inevitably ends.

It may already be happening in some fixed income strategies, as Morningstar analyst Miriam Sjoblom points out.

For example, the Income Fund has done well in the past from investments in non-agency mortgages that had experienced once-in-a-lifetime dislocations.

"The easy money has been made in that sector, so it's going to be challenging for that fund to deliver similar levels of returns going forward," she explains.

"As that strategy grows and opportunities in the non-agency mortgage market continue to go away, that'll be a challenge for the firm."

And while a significant selloff in the bond market seems an unlikely probability for the near term, it would be bad for the firm if it did happen, given PIMCO's intensive efforts, particularly in recent years, to focus purely on fixed income.

The firm has largely abandoned its efforts in fundamental equities; it shuttered its PIMCO Pathfinder and PIMCO Emerging Markets Equity strategies in 2015, and its CIO for global equities, Virginie Maisonneuve, plus the portfolio managers and analysts for those strategies, all left the firm that year.

It also shut down its active equity dividend business last year.

The firm also faces competition from scrappy upstarts.

These include Jeffrey Gundlach's DoubleLine Capital, which recently picked off a $3.4 billion mandate from variable annuity provider Jackson National.

Earlier this year, Jackson National announced it had changed the subadviser for its JNL/Total Return Bond Fund to DoubleLine from PIMCO.

Some of the assets that left following Gross's departure went to rival firms and may not return — at least not any time soon.

Finally, the firm has to persuade investors spooked by the drastic redemptions after Gross's departure that it is no longer dependent on a small handful of superstars — a feat made harder now that Ivascyn's PIMCO Income fund has swelled to nearly $100 billion, up from $70 billion toward the end of 2016.

Sjoblom notes that it is fair to wonder whether PIMCO's business could become too concentrated, given that it happened in the past with Total Return.

"Will PIMCO be thoughtful about letting the business hinge on one strategy?" she asks.

For Roman, the answer lies in striking the right balance between preserving the best parts of Gross's legacy — a singular focus on performance and a blazing work ethic — and moving beyond the most controversial.

"Some of Bill's legacy and some of the founders' legacy are absolutely great," says Roman.

"You wouldn't believe how hard people work in this place.

People work enormously hard, and they're competitive — they look at the numbers and they know what other people are doing, and that's a great legacy.

What I think has to change is the fact that it's about a team and it's about 2,200 people, and it's not about the CIO and the CEO."

To put it simply, after years of headlines and drama, Roman and Ivascyn, who enjoy an extremely close working relationship, seem intent on making the firm, well, boring — or, to use their preferred parlance, "industrialized."

"That means that performance comes from the work of many people," Roman elaborates.

"It's not one great person who does everything.

You talk about Dan, but the guy who co-runs the fund with him is a guy called Alfred Murata, who is absolutely stunning.

We have six CIOs, and they've been here for a long time."

Roman says Ivascyn is on board with this philosophy.

"Our job is to groom a generation of great investors," he says.

I think he believes in the industrial process; he believes in building a generation of great investors.

That's a big difference with Bill, and I think a good one."

Manny Roman did not seem destined for a career in asset management.

Born and raised in Paris to artist parents, Roman displayed a gift for mathematics and attended the University of Paris IX Dauphine, earning a bachelor's degree in applied mathematics before setting off to the famed University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

There he earned an MBA in finance and econometrics in 1987 before moving straight to Goldman Sachs, rising through the ranks to co-head its worldwide global securities and European equities businesses.

He was a partner by 1998, and co-head of European equities by 2003.

Johannes Huth, KKR's London-based head of private equity for Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, first met Roman in business school; their paths crossed later when both worked for investment banks in London.

Huth describes Roman as a "Renaissance man" in terms of the breadth of his interests.

Roman has a passion for the finer things — he collects art and rare books, and boasts a 6,000-bottle wine cellar — but is also a devoted supporter of London's Arsenal Football Club.

He holds a seat on the board of publishing giant Penguin Random House, which he got after cold-calling and persuading them that he had no agenda other than a love of books — and has been a trustee of The Paris Review.

(Roman says one thing he particularly misses about his Man Group days is that he is no longer affiliated with the Man Booker Prize, the esteemed British literary honor that the asset manager began sponsoring in 2002.)

"You name it, he's probably interested in it," says Lagrange, now a senior adviser to Man Group.

"He could have been a concert pianist, a painter, a winemaker, a philosopher, an editor, a pure intellectual, a trader — I can't even start to tell you where his interests lie; they lie everywhere."

Roman's intellectual interest in the financial markets helped propel his rise in the world of global finance; although he was never directly a risk taker, his command of the markets — along with a driven, focused management style — earned him the respect of always-skeptical portfolio managers.

After 18 years, Roman left Goldman to join GLG, a then-ten-year-old, fundamentally focused hedge fund firm that had spun out of Lehman Brothers five years earlier.

GLG, one of the first hedge funds in London, had a cowboy culture prior to Roman's arrival, characterized by a handful of swaggering portfolio managers who traded aggressively and put up big numbers.

"In a star culture, people don't take orders from a nobody," says Lagrange, who persuaded his GLG co-founder Noam Gottesman to bring in his friend Roman for an interview.

"For managers there's very little room for the people who are not managing or making the money.

So we felt we needed somebody who was going to stand up to the founders, somebody we're going to respect, somebody who's got intelligence, who's got drive, who's going to be coming with views and coming in with authority."

Former colleagues say Roman won over the risk takers by knowing "to his fingertips" what was going on in the financial markets at any given time.

He was also rumored to always know the top 20 positions in each of the firm's funds.

"I remember when the guys from the CNRS came," says Lagrange, recalling a meeting at GLG with executives from the pension fund of France's national center for scientific research.

They start the conversation about some obscure mathematical stuff, and Manny was totally on top of it.

And the fund managers who were with me, they all look at me and say, 'How does he know all this?'

That happened again and again and again in the years we worked together.

I don't know half the things he knows — I can bluff a little bit, but I am quickly out of my depth.

I've never seen him be out of his depth."

Working at GLG presented Roman with his first serious challenges as an asset management executive.

In 2006, the firm and one of its former star portfolio managers, Philippe Jabre, were each hit with fines of £750,000 (then $1.4 million) over trades Jabre had made in Sumitomo convertible bonds, which the regulator for the U.K.'s financial markets said were conducted using improper inside information.

GLG was deemed to be "vicariously liable" for not properly monitoring Jabre.

(Jabre chose to appeal the decision but later dropped it; GLG declined to file an appeal, and Jabre never returned to the firm.

He later founded his own hedge fund firm, Jabre Capital Partners, in Geneva.

Jabre declined to comment for this story.

The episode was the first of a few brushes with regulators over the years for GLG.)

Then, in 2008, another star GLG portfolio manager — emerging-markets trader Greg Coffey — announced he was leaving the firm, prompting investors to pull more than $1 billion out of the funds he managed.

Lagrange says Roman deftly steered the firm throughout the various crises.

"I don't think we would have had such a good outcome without him," he says.

"He brought us a much more institutionalized management.

He was very instrumental in getting us to the next level."

That next level included a listing on the New York Stock Exchange in 2007 via reverse merger with special-purpose acquisition company Freedom Acquisition Holdings, followed by the acquisition by Man Group.

The former deal netted a $630 million payday for Roman, Gottesman, and Lagrange; the latter deal also resulted in a sizable windfall and catapulted Roman into the upper ranks of Man Group's management.

He was appointed COO shortly thereafter, and became CEO in 2013.

At Man Group, Roman faced more difficult tasks, including layoffs and reduced reliance on AHL, once its prized profit engine, which had disappointed investors for years.

"The reality is, Man needed a radical reengineering and it needed a change of the culture," says Man Group CEO Ellis.

"Apart from anything else, it needed a massive change in the cost base.

There was the need to professionalize everything in the firm, and Manny is very good about getting people to understand they need to be professional in what they do, to not be frivolous, and get the cost base down."

After Roman's appointment as COO, he promoted several GLG executives to senior roles at Man, a move that press reports at the time said helped him shore up his power base — and put him in a contest against then-CEO Peter Clarke to rule the firm.

Roman denied the existence of a power struggle between him and Clarke, saying in a 2013 Financial Times interview, "Peter is my friend.

I think the success or failure of a group rests on the group, not on one individual."

One former colleague says that while Roman was well liked, he had a "velvet fist" and was unafraid to make tough decisions.

Lagrange says Roman is warm and caring, both as a boss and a friend, but has "a French abruptness" that can sometimes give the opposite impression — a view Ellis confirms.

"There can be a slightly gruff exterior the first time people meet him," notes Ellis, who adds that Roman is equally capable of being charming.

"The reality is when you work with him, he is incredibly concerned for people's welfare.

I could give a hundred stories of Manny stepping in to help somebody in a personal situation, whether it's health related or something else.

He would go hugely out of his way to make sure that people felt looked after."

As Ellis explains, that created a reserve of goodwill that led employees and colleagues to give Roman the benefit of the doubt when it came to business decisions.

That in turn led people to trust him and do what he said, partly because he eschewed an argumentative style in favor of a more persuasive approach, adds Lagrange.

"If he wants you to do something, he's basically going to convince you why you want to do it, and get you to do it — not out of coercion, but with persuasion, which is actually much more difficult to argue," says Lagrange.

"You would end up doing things you can't believe you're doing, because you were made to understand it was the right thing to do."

That decisive and persuasive nature may be one reason why Ivascyn and a handful of other PIMCO executives chose Roman to succeed Hodge (who stayed on as managing director and adviser).

Roman accepted the job after a series of meetings in Newport Beach with the executives.

Roman's focus and drive made him a good fit for PIMCO, where Gross had created a famously intense culture with a laser-like focus on investment performance.

It also helped that Roman hit it off instantly with Ivascyn.

"It's like an arranged wedding, and it worked out great," jokes Roman.

"I think we're like long-lost brothers who found each other, and it's a great relationship.

We have a lot in common, and he's just a damn good investor.

We talk every day, sometimes not about work."

"Since he's been here, I think we've had a real good relationship.

And we encouraged Manny to get to know the [portfolio management] team."

That is yet another departure from the Gross era.

Ivascyn says that in the past, members of the executive office would not sit in on investment committee meetings, a convention Roman has bucked.

"I think he has established relationships that are quite deep and in many respects remind me of [former PIMCO CEO] Bill Thompson way back when in terms of the style — just getting to know PMs and understanding different perspectives," Ivascyn adds.

But one thing that remains a holdover from the Gross era is PIMCO's macroeconomic focus, which the firm couples with an intensive bottom-up research process.

The firm's investment committee meets three times a week, for three hours at a time, to discuss macro issues.

Roman says he relishes being a part of it.

"We have endless debates about various topics," he says.

"I think people learn from that and I think they value that.

We spent two days talking about Treasury auctions; yesterday it was about the result in Spain and Catalonia and our exposure and global portfolio in terms of Spain.

For someone who came, like me, from the outside, the quality is mind-blowing, just the depth of the information."

That process, one of Gross's famous hallmarks, has apparently continued to pay dividends.

The institutional share class of the PIMCO Income fund returned 7.77 percent through October 23, outperforming 88 percent of its peers, according to Morningstar Direct data.

The fund took in $23.5 billion in net new money over the 12 months ending in August and is now the industry's biggest actively managed bond fund.

PIMCO Total Return — although down nearly 75 percent from its peak in terms of assets, to $74.7 billion — gained 4.86 percent this year over the same period, besting 92 percent of its peers, and just recorded its first quarter of net inflows in four years.

But maintaining the levels of performance PIMCO has reached recently — at a time when active management in general is under siege — will not be easy.

However, Roman argues that this is a much bigger problem for equity managers than for fixed income managers.

(Morningstar's Sjoblom shares this view.)

Roman points to the firm's recent research showing that active fixed-income managers have largely beaten their passive counterparts, unlike their active equity peers.

There's also the issue of keeping the talent around.

In the Morningstar report, Sjoblom and her colleague Eric Jacobson wrote that PIMCO has "taken steps to prevent its strategies from being overly dependent on just one individual," in part by naming co-managers on several strategies, allowing senior investment professionals — who make up five members of its nine-person executive committee — to have substantial sway in the firm's direction, and by initiating a series of retention bonus payments, which were completed this summer.

When asked if PIMCO could survive without Ivascyn, Roman points out that while the firm's CIO isn't likely to leave, it still has a substantial talent bench, one it continues to grow.

He is planning to hire some 200 people across various areas of the firm in the next year and is leading an effort to make the firm more global.

He's also building out the firm's quantitative effort and expanding its efforts in private credit, with the announced hire earlier this year of Greg Hall from Blackstone Group to lead PIMCO's $12 billion private strategies group.

He's also getting used to life in Southern California.

Though Huth wondered how his friend would acclimate to the culture, Roman — who is divorced and has two adult daughters — seems to have found a way to make it work for him.

He doesn't drive, instead taking an Uber to the firm's offices each day, and he bemoans the "piles of Dan Brown books" at the local Border's, the only bookseller close to PIMCO's offices.

But he maintains another home in the bohemian Los Feliz neighborhood of Los Angeles, which he says has an interesting arts scene.

And he frequently travels to PIMCO's offices in New York, where his daughters also live.

As for his day job, Roman shares one more trait with the firm's most famous founder: a single-minded focus on being the leading fixed income manager in the world.

"For that, we need to have the best people and we need to have great performance," he says.

"And that's a very simple mission statement.

We're not trying to be all things to all people; we're not trying to be Walmart.

The way I think of PIMCO is, the single most important thing is the alpha we generate.

We start with that — and we finish with that."

### Man Group Hires Co-COOs For U.S. Unit

### Sustainable Returns: Environmental, Social, and Governance Investing

Roman grew up in Paris, the only child of the artists Philippe Roman and Véronique Jordan Roman.


Eulo once hosted the World Lizard Racing Championships on their Paroo Track, but environmentalists put an end to that annual event.

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A- A+ Home Council Executive Staff Meet your Councillors Meeting Minutes Advisory Committee Minutes Council Meeting Dates Council Meeting Agendas and Minutes Employment Opportunities Council Publications

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# EULO - Home of the World Championship Lizard Races!

The town of Eulo is situated on the Bulloo Developmental Road (Adventure Way) 70 km west of Cunnamulla and has a population of about 70 people.

The township was originally built close to the Paroo River but as floods almost wiped out the entire town, building began on higher ground where Eulo now stands.

Like most bush towns it has an interesting history.

The most notable character was Isabel Robinson – the Eulo Queen.

She was born in 1849 on the isle of Mauritius and migrated to Australia as a teenager.

She arrived in Cunnamulla in 1878 and shortly afterwards moved to Eulo with her husband.

The town's only pub carries her name and is where visitors can learn about her life and the early history of the town.

The rural land surrounding Eulo is predominantly used for sheep and cattle grazing, however, the area is well known for its rich flavoursome honey obtained from the blossom of the local native Yapunyah tree.

Honey along with other natural products made from bees wax are produced at Eulo for the local and national market.

Eulo has many attractions, such as the Lizard Lounge, a newly built picnic area, the Bilby Burrow art and craft gallery, a general store with a display of honey production, a date farm and winery open to visitors and mud springs just west of the town.

For more information about Eulo click here


He said, however, that "this grassroots movement on behalf of 'We the People' will continue," stating that he would give more details March 4.

(meta data) TITLE: Carson sees no 'path forward' for presidential bid - The Washington Post

(meta data) AUTHOR: https://www.facebook.com/ben.terris

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/washingtonpost

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# Carson sees no 'path forward' for presidential bid

On my list Retired neurosurgeon Ben Carson says he does not see "a path forward" for his presidential campaign.

Here's a look back at some of the things he has said since announcing in May 2015 that he was seeking the Republican nomination.

By Robert Costa and Robert Costa National political reporter covering the White House, Congress and campaigns Ben Terris Ben Terris

Feature reporter covering national politics March 2, 2016

Ben Carson, the retired neurosurgeon who briefly led the Republican presidential race before his campaign began an extended public implosion, told his supporters in a statement Wednesday afternoon that he does not see a "path forward" and will not attend Thursday's debate in Detroit.

But Carson did not formally suspend his campaign.

Instead, he said in the statement that he has decided to make a speech about his political future on Friday at the Conservative Political Action Conference in Maryland, just outside Washington.

"I do not see a political path forward in light of last evening's Super Tuesday primary results," the Wednesday statement said.

"However, this grassroots movement on behalf of 'We the People' will continue.

Along with millions of patriots who have supported my campaign for President, I remain committed to Saving America for Future Generations."

The announcement served as an acknowledgment that Carson's candidacy is all but over following a disappointing showing in the 11 states that held contests Tuesday.

The decision follows months of candidate stumbles, staff infighting and strategy shifts derailing what had once appeared to be an unstoppable journey to conservative superstardom.

It also marks the coming departure of the only high-profile African American candidate in the 2016 presidential race.

Carson, 64, burst onto the political scene in early 2013 when, addressing the typically nonpartisan National Prayer Breakfast, he spoke about the dangers of political correctness, put forward the idea of a flat tax and criticized President Obama's health-care law.

What stood out was that he did so right beside a steely-faced Obama.

That week, the Wall Street Journal ran an editorial titled "Ben Carson for President."

By August of that year, there was a "National Draft Ben Carson for President Committee."

Before he launched his presidential bid last May, the group had raised close to $16 million, gotten a half-million signatures encouraging Carson to run and had 30,000 active volunteers across the country, according to organizers.

The media whirlwind was hardly his first brush with fame.

Before he took the conservative world by storm, Carson was famous for an up-from-his-bootstraps life story, from impoverished childhood to a high-profile neurosurgery career.

He was, at 33, the youngest major division director in Johns Hopkins Hospital history, and he was the first pediatric neurosurgeon to successfully separate twins conjoined at the head.

He wrote a best-selling book, "Gifted Hands," about his life, which later became a television movie.

[The surgery that made Ben Carson famous — and its complicated aftermath]

The same bluntness that catapulted him into contention in a year that favored plain-spoken insurgents and outsider candidates earned him criticism as well.

He found himself in political hot water for calling the Affordable Care Act the "worst thing that has happened in this nation since slavery," saying that the United States now is "very much like Nazi Germany" and predicting that allowing same-sex marriage could lead to legalized bestiality.

Even his political team admitted from the start that perhaps he needed to work on his messaging.

"If I could create the Webster's dictionary of words Dr. Carson could use in the campaign, there would be some words I'd leave out," his former campaign chairman, Terry Giles, told The Washington Post before Carson officially jumped into the race.

Later, when Donald Trump grabbed headlines, the usually mild-mannered Carson was urged to dial it up and take the mogul on more aggressively.

Until the end, he sought to offer himself to Republicans as a calm and steady hand, untouched by Washington.

Republican presidential candidate Dr. Ben Carson, who has yet to win a state in the Republican race, said he was "not quite ready to quit" after poor performance on Super Tuesday.

"Many people told me that this business is corrupt, that it's evil, that it's how it'll always be," Carson said in a phone interview Monday.

"But I don't believe that we have to accept that.

We should rail against that, fight against it, and get something that's decent and inspirational."

His performance may have played a role in his political undoing.

Even as his "politically incorrect" style played well in places with staunchly conservative bases, his apparent unfamiliarity with many policy fundamentals, particularly on national-security issues, made some voters wary.

[Ben Carson slashes staff as funds dry up]

His support dropped precipitously in the weeks after two terrorist attacks late last year, bringing him from second place just behind Trump to fourth or fifth place in most national polls.

San Bernardino happened," he told The Post late last year.

"Somehow the narrative has been projected that if you're soft-spoken and mild-mannered, there is no way you can deal with terrorism, with national security, that you're not a strong person."

It wasn't just Carson's often unfiltered and unseasoned approach that cost him; his advisers' did as well, as internal feuds played out publicly, and candidate and campaign deficits were spotlighted in unusually detailed media admissions by some staffers and advisers.

Disagreements within the campaign's highest ranks broke out into the open on numerous occasions, highlighting a persistent and sharp division between Armstrong Williams — Carson's longtime business manager, who was not formally part of the campaign — and Barry Bennett, the Republican operative who led it.

As Carson fell from top-tier status, he publicly blamed campaign aides for his drop in the polls — calling some of them overpaid and ineffective — and vowed a staff shake-up in an interview arranged by Williams without Bennett's knowledge.

Carson backtracked hours later, but within days, several of his most experienced campaign hands, including Bennett, had resigned.

A new campaign chairman was named: retired Army Maj. Gen. Robert F. Dees — previously a Carson policy adviser who, like the candidate himself, had never before been involved in a political campaign.

The departure of a string of senior aides didn't end the behind-the-scenes drama.

Within weeks, reporters were sent a list of the only staffers they were to contact for campaign comment and for candidate interview requests — a list that pointedly did not include Williams.

[Flashback: Why is Ben Carson toying with a long-shot presidential bid?]

The Carson campaign war chest, which had been flush with cash after solid fundraising quarters earlier in the race, began shrinking dramatically amid questions about how the money was being spent.

Carson made further sweeping changes last month, cutting staff salaries and shrinking his traveling entourage.

"We had to get a much better check on the finances.

I was appalled when I did a deep dive and saw what was going on.

We saw that and stopped it," Carson said in the Monday interview.

The mild-mannered candidate soon lashed out at individuals he accused of sabotaging his presidential bid, including rival Ted Cruz of Texas, whose campaign falsely circulated the idea that Carson was going to quit the race on the night of the Iowa caucuses.

He followed up a distant fourth-place showing in Iowa with last-place showings in New Hampshire and in South Carolina, a state he had once said would be a special focus.

He polled poorly again in the 11 GOP primaries and caucuses Tuesday night.

When asked Monday whether he would ever reenter politics if he left the race, Carson chuckled at the prospect.

"I'm certainly not looking for something to do," he said, adding that his plan after leaving medicine in 2013 was to retire to Palm Beach, Fla., with his wife.

"But yes, if I didn't think the country needed what we're doing, I'd be there."

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The campaign released a statement on the crash: “A van transporting three campaign volunteers and a Carson campaign employee hit a patch of ice and flipped on its side where it was struck by another vehicle.” In response, Carson cancelled campaign stops in South Carolina and California, and instead chose to be with Joplin's family at a hospital in Omaha, Nebraska.
 In the Iowa Caucuses on February 1, Carson came in 4th place with 9% of the vote (over 17,000 popular votes), thus earning 3 delegates. However, a significant controversy arose when CNN said that Carson was taking a break from the campaign trail. Members of Ted Cruz's campaign caught wind of the story, and began telling voters at the caucuses that Carson had dropped out. Carson accused Cruz's campaign of doing this explicitly to switch potential Carson voters to Cruz, an accusation that front runner Donald Trump also began to use against Cruz. Carson leveled these accusations at Cruz consistently over the next few days, particularly during the 8th GOP debate in New Hampshire on February 6. Carson suffered a poor showing at the New Hampshire primary, polling at 2.3%, and receiving 0 delegates. During the debate on February 6, he apparently missed his introduction from the moderator, and could be seen waiting apprehensively offstage while other candidates passed by. On March 2 following the Super Tuesday primaries, Carson announced that he did "not see a political path forward" and would not attend the next Republican debate in Detroit.


He joined the Economic Freedom Fighters to implement the party's policies.

(meta data) TITLE: EFF names W Cape candidates | IOL News

Politics / 25 March 2014, 10:45am / Jason Felix

The EFF (Western Cape branch) announced the W.Cape list of candidates for the 2014 Provincial Elections at the Ritz Hotel this morning.

From left in the front row: Commissar Bernard Joseph, Commissar Nazier Paulsen(Premier Candidate) and Commissar Veronica Mente.

A lecturer, provincial government employees, former ANC members and a trade unionist are all on the Economic Freedom Fighters Western Cape list of candidates.

The party announced on Monday that Nazier Paulsen would be its Western Cape premier candidate for the May 7 elections.

Paulsen, a software engineering and project management lecturer at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, was voted in at the party's elective conference in January.

"These men and women form part of the new revolutionary provincial government that will lead our people to better prosperity," he said.

Candidates had been selected on the basis of their integrity.

"None of the members who joined this party joined to be on a candidate list.

We are here to serve the people and only the people.

Because we are still a new party, we had input from the national leadership.

It was sort of a filter-down process, but most of the candidates are from the province," he said.

Paulsen said his election campaign would focus on informal settlements, schools affected by gang violence, and land.

"We have too many informal settlements in the province.

There is land available all over the province - why can it not be utilised?

"It's because the majority of the land belongs to the capitalists.

We believe in land appropriation and it's what we will be pushing in Parliament."

Bernard Joseph, a former Cope member and a Community Safety Department employee, said he had joined the party to implement "its radical change".

Joseph is third on the party's candidate list.

"I moved to the EFF from Cope, where there was no leadership and no movement.

At the EFF we have a vibrant team of young and old men and women determined to take the province forward.

"The DA in the Western Cape is doing exactly what the ANC is doing at the national government level," he said.

Former ANC and SACP member Veronica Mente, who is second on the list, said: "I stand for the change the EFF wants to bring about in the country.

In the Western Cape, we have a gang problem, and the state of township schools is dire.

Among the candidates are Yerushka Chetty, Nimrod Mlindi, Novume Ralarala, Melikhaya Xego, Florence Daniels, Andre Timotheus, Patricia Booi and Ayanda Gladile.

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He was a member of the Congress of the People before he joined the Economic Freedom Fighters. Joseph said that he left the party because he felt that the party lacked leadership and movement.


The oldest law school in the Southwestern United States, USC Law had its beginnings in 1896, and was officially established as a school of the university in 1900.

(meta data) TITLE: History of USC Gould | USC Gould School of Law

Founded in 1900, USC Gould School of Law was Southern California's first law school.

Previously, attorneys had to be imported to serve the burgeoning region's legal needs.

Then, in 1896, a group of ambitious apprentices formed "a school of permanent character" to educate lawyers of exceptional quality.

The Los Angeles Law School was incorporated in 1898 and became a part of USC in 1900.

Since the school's inception, USC Gould has maintained a richly diverse student body, with women, ethnic minorities and international scholars among our earliest graduates.

We helped pioneer the concepts of clinical and interdisciplinary legal education.

And our accomplished graduates have long served leadership roles in private practice, on the bench, and in public service, business and teaching.

This distinguished history continues at USC Gould, as our students and alumni carry forward the tradition of innovation, equity and excellence.

Today, the school is global in reach, influence and renown.

View a historical timeline of USC Gould.

Women have played a prominent role at USC Gould from the start.

Five women were among the 36 legal apprentices who established the school, and self-made agricultural magnate Harriet W.R. Strong served on the institution's original 11-member board of trustees.

In 1911, USC Gould graduated a dozen female lawyers and launched the nation's first women's law student organization, Phi Delta Delta.

By 1930, with 120 alumnae, the school was an established leader in preparing women for the legal profession.

Arguably the most renowned American female lawyer from the 1920s through the 1940s, Mabel Walker Willebrandt, JD 1916, LLM 1917, served as assistant U.S. attorney general during U.S. President Warren G. Harding's administration.

Other distinguished alumnae from the school's early years include the first female district attorney in the United States, the first female Asian-American justice on the California Supreme Court, and the first woman elected to Congress from California, who was also the first woman to chair the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors.

We were the first leading law school to appoint a female dean, Dorothy W. Nelson, LLM 1956, who served from 1968 until 1980, when she was appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.

The school has maintained an ethnically diverse student body from the earliest days, with the first African-American graduate, Clarence B. Thompson, earning his JD in 1904.

Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Armenian and Russian Jewish students also matriculated in the early 1900s.

The first Japanese national to graduate from USC Gould, Sei Fujii, JD 1911, worked for decades to address racially discriminatory laws.

You Chung Hong, JD 1924, LLM 1925, became the first Chinese-American admitted to practice in California — and later the nation's foremost Chinese civil rights attorney.

In 1927, the school's first female African-American student earned her law degree.

The first Latino student followed in 1930 — and was later appointed to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.

By the 1940s, USC African-American graduates were being appointed to judgeships and serving as Los Angeles city attorneys.

In 1943, African-American alumni established the John M. Langston Bar Association in reaction to the racism of other bar associations.

A USC Gould alumnus became the nation's first Armenian-American federal judge, while another became the first woman and first African-American to serve as district attorney for Los Angeles County, the largest local prosecutorial office in the nation.

USC Gould pioneered the concepts of public interest, experiential and interdisciplinary legal education.

The first modern legal aid program was founded out of a USC Gould clinic, while the school initiated a nationwide shift by introducing an interdisciplinary curriculum to the study of law.

In 1929, we established the Legal Clinic at USC, in which students gained hands-on training in the delivery of legal services to the poor.

It served as a model for other law schools across the country in both experiential learning and public interest programs.

By the time the clinic became the Legal Aid Foundation of Los Angeles in 1937, USC Gould students and faculty had assisted more than 19,000 clients representing dozens of countries.

Thirty years later, in 1967, USC Gould housed what would become California's oldest and largest legal services support center — the Western Center on Law and Poverty.

In 1965, with the groundbreaking course Law, Language and Ethics, USC Gould became the first to incorporate an interdisciplinary curriculum into legal studies.

The school would soon add concepts from psychology, politics, medicine, economics, history and other fields.

This launched a new, nationwide paradigm regarding how lawyers are trained.

In other educational innovations, USC Gould was the second top 20 law school to introduce an online LLM degree and the first to offer a graduate certificate in business law.

USC Gould alumni are partners in the world's largest law firms, head major international companies, and serve leadership roles in government and public service organizations.

Graduates have become governors, U.S. senators and members of Congress, and mayors of cities large and small.

Nearly 500 of our alumni have served as state or federal judges, including the first African-American judge west of Chicago, the earliest Latinos on the bench, and the first Asian-American judge and first female judge in Southern California.

By the late 1980s, USC Gould graduates dominated the California Supreme Court, holding four of the seven positions.

The law school is named in honor of the Gould family.

Judge James Gould was a noted legal scholar and one of the teachers and proprietors of Litchfield Law School, the first law school in the United States.

His descendant Charles Winthrop Gould, a distinguished New York lawyer, bequeathed the family estate to his nephew, Col. John W. Barnes, who earned his LLB in 1927 and his LLM in 1929, both at USC.

When Barnes died in the mid-1940s, he left the Gould estate in trust to the university.

The full gift came in the mid-1960s, when USC Law became USC Gould School of Law.

Alumni Spotlight Q&A: Jennifer Westhoff Zayas

Meet Jennifer Westhoff Zayas (JD 2013), vice president of business and legal affairs at Annapurna Pictures.

The entertainment and media associate at Manatt discusses his how law school lessons apply to his career.

A message from Dean Andrew T. Guzman to the USC Gould School of Law community

The University of Southern California Gould School of Law (USC Gould), located in Los Angeles, California, is a law school within the University of Southern California.


The series filmed in the Spanish cities Seville, Cáceres, Almodóvar del Río, Santiponce, Zumaia and Bermeo.

(meta data) TITLE: GAME OF THRONES TO BEGIN PRODUCTION ON SEASON SEVEN THIS SUMMER — HBO & Cinemax PR — Medium

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HBO PROfficial Medium account for the @HBO and @Cinemax Corporate Communications team.

### EMMY®- AND GOLDEN GLOBE-WINNING HBO SERIES GAME OF THRONES TO BEGIN PRODUCTION ON SEASON SEVEN THIS SUMMER

LOS ANGELES, July 18, 2016 — The Emmy®- and Golden Globe-winning series GAME OF THRONES will begin shooting its next season later this summer, it was announced today by Casey Bloys, president, HBO programming.

Production of the seven-episode seventh season will be based in Northern Ireland, while additional portions will be filmed in Spain and Iceland, with debut slated for summer 2017 on HBO.

"Now that winter has arrived on GAME OF THRONES, executive producers David Benioff and D.B. Weiss felt that the storylines of the next season would be better served by starting production a little later than usual, when the weather is changing," said Bloys.

"Instead of the show's traditional spring debut, we're moving the debut to summer to accommodate the shooting schedule."

Season seven directors will include Mark Mylod, Jeremy Podeswa, Matt Shakman and Alan Taylor.

Locations for shooting in Spain will include Sevilla, Caceres, Almodovar del Rio, Santiponce, Zumaia and Bermeo.

Last week, GAME OF THRONES received 23 Primetime Emmy® nominations, the most of any nominee for the third year in a row.

This year's nominations include Outstanding Drama Series, 2 for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series (Peter Dinklage, Kit Harington), 3 for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series (Emilia Clarke, Lena Headey, Maisie Williams), Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series (Max von Sydow), 2 for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series (Miguel Sapochnik, Jack Bender) and Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series (David Benioff and D.B. Weiss).

The executive producers of GAME OF THRONES are David Benioff, D.B. Weiss, Carolyn Strauss, Frank Doelger and Bernadette Caulfield; co-executive producers, Guymon Casady, Vince Gerardis, George R.R. Martin and Bryan Cogman; producers, Chris Newman, Greg Spence and Lisa McAtackney.

Follow @HBOPR for more news and information.

Filming began on August 31, 2016, at Titanic Studios in Belfast, and ended in February 2017. In an interview with the showrunners, it was announced that the filming of the seventh season would be delayed until later in the year due to necessary weather conditions for filming. The showrunners stated "We're starting a bit later because, you know, at the end of this season, winter is here, and that means that sunny weather doesn't really serve our purposes any more. We kind of pushed everything down the line so we could get some grim, gray weather even in the sunnier places that we shoot."
 Girona, Spain, did not return as one of the filming locations. Girona stood in for Braavos and parts of King's Landing. It was later announced that the seventh season would film in Northern Ireland, Spain and Iceland, with filming in Northern Ireland beginning in August 2016.


He competed in the marathon at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

(meta data) TITLE: Michele Fanelli Bio, Stats, and Results | Olympics at Sports-Reference.com

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Born: September 14, 1907 in Orta Nova, Foggia, Italy

Michele Fanelli finished eighth in the 1934 European Championships marathon.

Michele Fanelli (14 September 1907 – 13 December 1989) was an Italian long-distance runner.


The WSIAT was formerly known as the Workers' Compensation Appeals Tribunal (WCAT) which was established  Oct 1, 1985 by the Ontario government.

(meta data) TITLE: OWTL | Workers' Compensation Law - A Documentary History in Ontario

Ontario Labour Relations Board, Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal, Pay Equity Hearings Tribunal

The library is available to workers, employers, and their representatives as they deal with issues in labour relations, employment standards, pay equity and workers' compensation.

We are open to the public Monday to Friday from 8:30am to 5pm

(Please deliver all post and packages to the WSIAT mailroom on 5th floor)

# Workers' Compensation Law A Documentary History in Ontario

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Workers' Compensation Law | Origins and Foundations i

From the law of Employers' Liability to Workers' Compensation Law

Commissioned and Task Force Reports: 1932 - 1973

Proposing the Creation of an Independent Appeals Tribunal

1991 - Standing Committee on Resources Development-Services delivery

Other Key Studies and Reports Released During the 1980s and Early 1990s

SECOND MAJOR REFORM (MID 1990'S - PRESENT)

Premier's Labour Management Advisory Committee (PLMAC)

1994 - The Royal Commission on Workers' Compensation

Standing Committee on Resources Development Submissions

Workers' Compensation Law | Origins and Foundations 1

### From the law of Employers' Liability to Workers' Compensation Law

Workers' compensation was established in Ontario in 1914 following an examination of workers' compensation schemes by Sir William Ralph Meredith.

Prior to this, workers had to sue their employers in court to get compensated for their injuries.

In 1886, the Legislative Assembly enacted the Workmen's Compensation for Injuries Act,1 which was essentially an employer liability act.

In 1910, Sir W. R. Meredith was appointed to head a Royal Commission to investigate workers' compensation, which resulted in the Workmen's Compensation Act of 1914 which went in effect Jan. 1, 1915.

The administration of the workers' compensation system was given to an independent agency, initially called the Workmen's Compensation Board (the name was changed to "Workers' Compensation Board" in 1981).

Workmen's Compensation for Injuries Act,S.O. 1886, 49 Vict., c. 28

Workmen's Compensation Act, S.O. 1914, c. 25

Report on workmen's compensation for injuries

Mavor, James. -- Toronto: Warwick Bros. & Rutter, 1900

This report was submitted to the Legislative Assembly by James Mavor, a professor of political philosophy at the University of Toronto in 1900.

He recommended that Ontario should observe British and Continental reforms before taking any steps to establish a no-fault workers' compensation system.2

The interim report by Ralph W. Meredith summarizes the laws of European countries, provinces of Canada, and U.S. states covering workers' compensation at the time of writing (1912).

An analysis of principles and comparison of systems follows along with the Minutes of Evidence taken before Meredith.

2 See The law of employers' liability in Ontario 1861-1900: the search for a theory.

Workers' Compensation Law | Origins and Foundations 2

Meredith's final report submitted to Sir John Morison Gibson, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario.

Meredith proposed that a workers' compensation system be set up based on the following principles:

Interim report on laws relating to the liability of employers to make Compensation to their Employees for Injuries received in the course of their employment, which are in force in other countries, and as to how far such laws are found to work satisfactorily

Meredith, Ralph W. -- Toronto: L.K. Cameron, 1912.

Second interim report on laws relating to the liability of employers ..

Meredith, Ralph W. -- Toronto: L.K. Cameron, 1913.

Final report on laws relating to the liability of employers ..

Final report on laws relating to the liability of employers to make compensation to their employees for injuries received in the course of their employment which are in force in other countries . . . with appendixes

### Commissioned and Task Force Reports: 1932 - 1973

Report of the Commissioner in the matter of The Workmen's Compensation Act

Report on the Workmen's compensation act ; report of the Hon. Justice Roach, commissioner appointed to inquire into and report upon, and to make recommendations regarding the Workmen's Compensation Act upon subjects other than detail administration

Commission to inquire into and report upon and to make recommedations regarding the Workmen's Compensation Act upon subjects other than detail administration.

Workers' Compensation Law | Origins and Foundations 3

"Appointed as Commissioner in October 1949 by the Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, Wilfred Daniel Roach examined scales of compensation, payment of claims, industrial diseases, assessments, appeals, accident prevention, merit rating, rehabilitation, investments, and composition of the Board."

Report of the Royal Commission in the matter of the Workmen's Compensation Act

McGillivray, George A. / Ontario. Royal Commission in the Matter of the Workmen' s Compensation Act.

"This Royal Commission inspected all phases of the Ontario Board's operation and concluded that the revised administrative structure implemented in 1965 was operating smoothly.

The inquiry resulted in forty-one recommendations for improving the system."

"The system" referred to was the Board's internal appeal process.

The Ontario workers' compensation system remained relatively stable through the 1960's.

However, late in that decade, a period of intensive debate about the workers' compensation system began.

The administration of workmen's compensation in Ontario

Workers' Compensation Board. -- Toronto: The Task Force, 1973.

Task Force members: A. R. Ard, R.D. Johnston, Michael Starr

Report of the Task Force Workmen's Compensation Board, 1972

This Task Force was appointed in January 1973 by the Honourable Fern Guindon, Ont. Minister of Labour.

It proposed a major reorganization of the WCB, pointing out that its organization lacked sensitivity and effectiveness and advocated for a stronger service orientation.

Workers' Compensation Law | First Major Reform 4

By the late 60s and early 70s, the compensation system was perceived by injured workers to contain a number of fundamental flaws.

In 1974, injured workers joined together to form the Union of Injured Workers (UIW), in an effort to bring pressure on the government and the WCB.

Of critical importance to the Union was the question of permanent partial disability awards – pensions.

On February 11, 1980, the Minister of Labour announced the appointment of Professor Paul C. Weiler to make recommendations with respect to the workmen's compensation system in Ontario.

(The law reform debate was largely framed around processes emanating from the appointment of Professor Paul Weiler to study the system. )

1984 - Bill 101 brought changes to benefits for injured workers, the administrative structure of the WCB, and the establishment of four independent new bodies.

1989 -Bill 162 introduced the dual-award system (compensation for economic and non-economic loss), new vocational rehabilitation and re-employment provisions.

The year 1989 marked the 75th anniversary of the Workers' Compensation Act in Ontario.

The last half of the 1980s witnessed a significant transformation of the workers' compensation system in Ontario.

This overhaul affected every aspect of the system: legislative, organizational, operational, financial and cultural.6

Workers' Compensation Act, R.S.O. 1980, c.539 (pre-1985)

Workers' Compensation Amendment Act, 1984 (No. 2), S.O. 1984 c. 58 (Bill 101) (pre-1989)

Workers' Compensation Amendment Act, 1989, S.O. 1989, c. 47 (Bill 162) (post-1989)

Workers' Compensation Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. W. 11 (pre-1997)

Did not include the dual award wage loss system for permanent partial disability compensation.

Various amendments broadened the scope of supplementary awards to the existing permanent pension.

6 Workers' compensation in Ontario : system in transition, 1985 - 1990 /

-- Toronto: Workers' Compensation Board, 1990.

Workers' Compensation Law | First Major Reform 5

WCTA was created as an independent body to serve as the final level of appeal from decisions of the WCB.

IDSP was created as an independent agency to recommend on compensation criteria for occupational diseases (Occupational Disease Panel by Bill 165-/abolished by Bill 99)

Office of the Worker Adviser & Office of the Employer Adviser established

The name of the Board was changed from the "Workmen's" to the Workers' Compensation Board.

#### 1990 amendments- Bill 162, 1988 (R.A July 26, 1989-Effective January 2, 1990)

The second half of the implementation of the Weiler proposals began in June 20, 1988, with the tabling of Bill 162.7 Bill 162 comprehensively reformed the system of compensation for permanent disabilities and enacted for the first time strong re-employment provisions.

Bill 162, an Act to Amend the Workers' compensation Act, is the most significant change to the Act since its inception.

It contained three main initiatives: 1) the dual – award model of disability compensation, 2) vocational rehabilitation, and 3) re-employment obligations.8

Several new time limits were included in the Act and some benefits payment periods were restricted.

#### Towards Weiler and the First Major Reform

The report known as the "Grey Paper" was prepared for the WCB by Ken Harding, former secretary of the Association of Canadian Workers' Compensation Boards in 1979.

It would be studied with a view to restructuring the compensation system in Ontario.

It was perceived as extremely narrow and subjective by the Injured Workers Consultants (IWC), which called on the government to institute a broad enquiry of the whole system by an independent source.

Current concerns in workmen's compensation.

Workmen's Compensation Board WCB Ontario.

Tabled in the Legislature, Dec 19, 1979 by Hon Mr Elgie.

The 1978 actuarial report prepared by the Wyatt Company, raised questions about the financial soundness of the workers' compensation system.9

The report recommended that a much more broadly-based study was needed to resolve what were perceived to be controversial items in the workers' compensation system.

7 See Dee, Garth, "A Short History of Workers' Compensation" p. 14

9 Examination of the Financial Structure of the Workmen's Compensation Board and an Assessment of the Actuarial Deficit (Toronto: Wyatt Co., 1978)

Workers' Compensation Law | First Major Reform 6

Examination of the financial structure of the Workmens' Compensation Board and an assessment of the actuarial deficit : report.

Professor Paul Weiler was commissioned by the Honourable Robert G. Elgie, Ont. Minister of Labour, to review the system of Workers' Compensation in Ontario.

"Recommendations were submitted respecting the decision-making procedures of the WCB, the scheme of compensating injured workers, the method of financing compensation, the relationship between the WCB and the OS&H division of the Ministry of Labour, the role of workers advisors, and the decentralization of claims adjudication."

In his first report, Weiler reviewed the philosophical underpinnings of workers' compensation; he outlined the issues and made a number of proposals aimed at overhauling the benefit system and the administrative structure of workers' compensation.

On November 18, 1980, Labour Minister Elgie tabled Weiler's first report, Reshaping workers' compensation for Ontario.

Reshaping workers' compensation for Ontario

Weiler, Paul C. -- Toronto: Ministry of Labour, 1980.

Weiler, Paul C. -- Toronto: Ministry of Labour, 1980b.

Weiler's second report addressed the issues of how industrial disease should be handled within worker's compensation, the relationship of this program to others involved in the compensation and prevention of disabling injuries to Ontario workers, and systemic reform.

The second report pointed the way toward consideration of a system of universal disability compensation as one possible solution.

11 For more background on the context and goals of the Weiler report, see Will injured workers get a fair hearing? : an educational forum on workers' compensation and the Weiler Study : current problems and issues.

/ Weiler, Paul C. Toronto: Committee on the Weiler Study, 1980.

This background paper was prepared by the Committee on the Weiler Study for the Educational Forum held Sunday, June 8th, 1980 in Toronto.

It included an overview of problems with the Ontario WCB, a discussion of perceived racism and sexism at the Board, the relationship of workers' compensation and educational health and safety, the precursors to the Weiler study, an analysis of the financial workings of compensation, a look at legislation in Saskatchewan and British Columbia.

Workers' Compensation Law | First major Reform 7

Protecting the worker from disability : challenges for the eighties

-examined the original dual-award proposal in light of the debate since 1980 and changes in the compensation system.

He recommended a new variant of the dual award system, moving from an "actual wage loss" system to a "projected wage loss" proposal.

Permanent partial disability : alternative models for compensation

Summary of the Weiler report on workers' compensation benefits for permanent partial disability.

[possibly part of press release with Weiler 3rd report] 1986.

Professor Weiler in Phase II of his study entitled Protecting the Worker from Disability: Challenges for the Eighties, issued in April of 1983, gave considerable attention to the compensation of occupational disease in Ontario.

The research for Professor's Weiler's study was done by Dr. Annallee Yassi and her findings are detailed in this document.

Occupational disease and workers' compensation in Ontario : report prepared for Paul Weiler in his study of workers compensation in Ontario.

Weiler, Paul C.; Yassi, Annalee. / Ontario.

Responses to the study of the workmen's compensation system in Ontario (Weiler report)

Submissions to the study of the workmen's compensation system in Ontario (Weiler report)

Submission of the Ontario Federation of Labour to Professor Paul C. Weiler].

Coverage since 1915 of industrial diseases under the Workmen's Compensation Act, Ontario.

This report was prepared for the Minister of Labour, Robert G. Elgie, pursuant to arrangements made with Professor Paul. C. Weiler, by Professor Terence G. Ison.

Compensation for industrial disease under the Workers' Compensation Act of Ontario

-- Toronto: Industrial Disease Standards Panel, 1989.http://www.canoshweb.org/odp/default.htm

Workers' Compensation Law | Origins and Foundations 8

Terms of reference for the review of the Ison Report (dated Feb.28,1989) entitled: 'Compensation for industrial disease under the Workers' Compensation Act of Ontario.'

Industrial Disease Standards Panel. 1989.

[Weiler's review of Professor Ison's report on compensation for industrial disease, prepared for the I.D.S.P.]

### Proposing the Creation of an Independent Appeals Tribunal

The Minister of Labour, Elgie, introduced this White Paper on June 25, 1981.

The White Paper is a two-part Ministry response to the Weiler Report.

The first half consists of a 71 page distillation of Weiler's recommendations into 21 major proposals.

The second part is draft legislation putting these proposals into legislative language.

The White Paper proposed the creation of an independent appeals Tribunal and increased access by workers to documents concerning them.

These recommendations were adopted in Bill 101, which established the Workers' Compensation Appeals Tribunal.

WCAT became operational on 1 October 1989.12

White paper on the Workers' Compensation Act

Weiler, Paul C. / Wyatt Company.; Ontario. Workers' Compensation Revision Commitee.

Workers' Compensation Revision Committee.

-- -- 2nd ed. -- Toronto: The Ministry, 1983.

#### Standing Committee on Resources Development

The Standing Committee on Resources Development has frequently examined the operations of the Ontario Workers' Compensation Board.

Between 1980 and 1988, the Standing Committee reviewed the Board's Annual Report on a regular basis.

The Standing Committee also held public hearings in 1984 and 1989 to assist in its review of Amendments to the Workers' Compensation Act (Bills 101 and 162, respectively)."

12 See Workers' Compensation in Ontario: a decade of reform.

-- University of Toronto Faculty of Law review.

13 See GP WSI Report Stand. Com. Res. Dev. 1991

Workers' Compensation Law | First Major Reform 9

On September 8, 1982, The Standing Committee on Resources Development began hearings on the Weiler Report and White Paper with a mandate to invite briefs and public appearances on WCB reform.

This is the final report of the Standing Committee on Resources Development with respect to the Weiler Report and the Government White Paper.

Report on 'Reshaping workers' compensation for Ontario' by Paul C. Weiler - 1980 ('The Weiler Report') and ' Government of Ontario White paper on the Workers' Compensation Act' - 1981 ('The White paper') : final report

Standing Committee on Resources Development.

[Transcripts of the Standing Committee on Resources Development re Annual Report, Workers' Compensation Board, 1983].

Ontario. Legislative Assembly. Standing Committee on Resources Development.

GP WSI Transcripts Stand. Com. Res. Dev. 1983

Report on the 1984 Annual Report of the Workers' Compensation Board

Laughren, Floyd. / Ontario. Legislative Assembly. Standing Committee on Resources Development.

In keeping with the statutory requirement of s. 85 of the Workers' Compensation Act, the WCB's report was referred to the Standing Committee on Resources Development.

NOTE: In 1984 the practice differed from previous years in two respects: groups were invited to comment on the report in public hearings and the Committee made a decision that a report of its own would come out of its deliberations.

[Submission of 1985 10 08 to the Standing Committee on Resources Development on the Workers' Compensation Board Annual Report 1984].

Employers' Council on Workers' Compensation. 1985 10 08.

[Transcripts of the Standing Committee on Resources Development re Annual Report, Workers' Compensation Board, 1984].

Legislative Assembly. Standing Committee on Resources Development.

Pursuant to s. 85 of the Workers' Compensation Act, the Board filed its 1985 annual report with the Minister of Labour, who in turn submitted it to the Legislative Assembly.

Report on the 1985 Annual Report of the Workers' Compensation Board

The Committee held public hearings in Toronto from March 9 to March 13, 1987.

The Committee recommended the establishment of a Royal Commission to review the workers' compensation system in Ontario with the objective of making recommendations to the government for a new Workers' Compensation Act.

Workers' Compensation Law | First Major Reform 10

Standing Committee on Resources Development.

-- Toronto: Legislative Assembly of Ontario, 1987.

Submissions to the Standing Committee on Resource Development on the Annual Report of the Workers' Compensation Board, 1985.

Ontario. Legislative Assembly. Standing Committee on Resources Development.

-- Toronto: Legislative Assembly of Ontario, 1988.

Submissions to the Standing Committee on Resource Development on the Annual Report of the Workers' Compensation Board, 1986.

Report to the Standing Committee on Resources Development

#### Standing Committee on Resources Development - Bill 101

Hansard. Official Report of Debates. Legislative Assembly of Ontario.

-- Toronto: Legislative Assembly of Ontario, 1984.

[Transcripts of the Standing Committee on Resources Development re Workers' Compensation Amendment Act (Bill 101)].

GP WSI Bill 101 Transcripts Stand. Com. Res. Dev. 1984

[Exhibits submitted to the Standing Committee on Resources Development re Workers' Compensation Amendment Act (Bill 101)].

Workers' Compensation Law | First Major Reform 11

On June 20, 1988, Minister of Labour Gregory Sorbara introduced to the Legislative Assembly amendments to the Worker's Compensation Act.

This publication includes the amendments (Bill 162), the Minister's statement to the Assembly, and some background material.

The Green paper process was initiated by Mr Sorbara, Minister of Labour in 1988, during the Bill 162 debates.

The purpose was to study important aspects of workers' compensation law not dealt with by Bill 162.14

Labour's positions on matters raised during the green paper external committee discussions on workers compensation reform.

Ontario Federation of Labour ( OFL) July 4, 1989 15 p. 1989.

Re: the Green Paper on workers' compensation.

[Board's views on topics which might be included for discussion in the Green Paper]

Elgie, Robert G. -- Workers' Compensation Board (Ontario).

Letter to Minister of Labour from Robert G Elgie.

#### Standing Committee on Resources Development- Bill 162

Agenda re hearings on Bill 162, an Act to Amend the Workers' Compensation Act

Standing Committee on Resources Development.

Hansard re: Bill 162, Workers' Compensation Amendment Act, 1988

Toronto: Legislative Assembly of Ontario, 1989.

[Transcripts of the Standing Committee on Resources Development regarding Bill 162, Workers' Compensation Amendment Act - February 27 - July 10, 1989]

Submissions to the Standing Committee on Resources Development regarding Bill 162, Workers' Compensation Amendment Act, 1988

-- I.A.V.G.O. reporting service newsletter.

Workers' Compensation Law | First Major Reform 12

### 1991 Standing Committee on Resources Development-Service delivery

In April 1991 the New Democratic Member for Muskoka-Georgian Bay, Mr. Dan Waters used his party's privilege under the provisions of Standing Order 123 to ask the Standing Committee on Resources Development to conduct "a review of the procedures of the Workers' Compensation Board which impede the provision of efficient services to workers and employers."

Report under standing order 123 on service delivery at the Workers' Compensation Board Ontario.

-- Toronto: The Committee, Legislative Assembly of Ontario, 1991.

In 1992, the Interim report of the Operational Review was tabled.

Operational review of service performance : interim report

Workers' Compensation Board. -- Toronto: The Board, 1992.

### Task Force on Vocational Rehabilitation

"After much outcry about the way rehabilitation was being administered in the province, the government created the Task Force on rehabilitation in 1986.

The task force comprised of employer and employee representatives, and representatives of the medical community." 15

This is the report produced by the members of the Task Force on Vocational Rehabilitation.

The government tabled this report in April 1988.

The report recommended comprehensive reform of the nature and delivery of vocational rehabilitation services.

Towards dignity and independence for the injured worker.

Task Force on the Vocational Rehabilitation Services of the Workers' Compensation Board

Task Force on the Vocational Rehabilitation Services of the Workers' Compensation Board.

An injury to one is an injury to all : towards dignity and independence for the injured worker : a summary of a report submitted to the Minister of Labour on September 2, 1987

Task Force on the Vocational Rehabilition Services of the Workers' Compensation Board.

Submission to the Ontario Task Force on Vocational Rehabilitation by the Ontario Federation of Labour.

Ontario Federation of Labour, 1986 33 p. OFL 1986.

15 Dirk Derstine, Shamash Nathu, (1990), "Workers' Compensation in Ontario: A Decade of Reform" 48 University of Toronto Faculty of Law Review 22 [MF 4238]

Workers' Compensation Law | First major Reform 13

[Labour view of current state of workers compensation in Ontario includes comments on bill 162

Ontario Federation of Labour OFL. -- OFL / FTO 32nd Annual Convention. November 28-Dec 1, 1988.

Report of the Chairman's Task Force on Service Delivery and Vocational Rehabilitation

Task Force on Service Delivery and Vocational Rehabilitation.

-- Toronto: The Task Force, Workers' Compensation Board, 1992.

Action plan : the WCB's response to the report of the Chairman's Task Force on Service Delivery and Vocational Rehabilitation

-- Toronto: Workers' Compensation Board, 1992.

Strengthening vocational rehabilitation : a vocational rehabilitation program review : a discussion paper for consultation.

Workers' Compensation Board. -- Toronto: The Board, 1992.

In 1989, the Workers' Compensation Board (WCB) hosted a symposium, which brought together leading authorities to discuss subjects such as legislative changes to workers' compensation, new approaches to medical and vocational rehabilitation, and organizational change in large public agencies.

This commemorative book includes the text of presenters', guest speakers' panelists' and chairman's remarks.

The Workers' Compensation Board of Ontario 75th anniversary symposium Toronto: The Board, 1989.

Workers' Compensation Law | First Major Reform 14

### Other Key Studies and Reports Released During the 1980s and Early 1990s

Committee report on proposed worker's compensation legislation.

(Report comments, from the law profession's point of view, on a number of documents proposing changes to the 1984 Workers' Compensation Legislation.)

Feasibility study with respect to a workers' compensation program for workers under federal jurisdiction : phase I, report.

Project on compensation for personal injury and death : research paper : compensation for loss of working capacity.

Reaume, Denise. / Ontario Law Reform Commission.

-- Toronto: Ontario Law Reform Commission, 1987.

Report on compensation for personal injuries and death

-- Toronto: Ministry of the Attorney General, 1987.

Legislative history of industrial disease entitlement.

A report to the Medical and Occupational Disease Policy Branch.

-- Workers' Compensation Board (Ontario). August, 1991. 111p. 1991.

Report of the Occupational Disease Task Force

West, Leigh; King A; Rickwood, R. / Ontario.

Workers' Compensation Law | Second Major Reform 15

## SECOND MAJOR REFORM (MID 1990s - PRESENT)

Bill 165-An Act to Amend the Workers' Compensation Act and the Occupational Health and Safety Act, S.O. 1994, c. 24

Bill 15- Workers' Compensation and Occupational Health and Safety Amendment Act, 1995, S.O. 1995, c.5

Bill 99, Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 16, Sch.A.

The Bill received second reading on April 24, 1997, and was referred to the Standing Committee on Resources Development for Public hearing during the period June 9, 1997 to August 14, 1997.

On October 10, 1997, Bill 9916 was given royal assent.

### Premier's Labour Management Advisory Committee (PLMAC)

As a result of conflicting pressures, in the spring of 1993, a committee composed of trade union and business leaders, the "Premier's Labour Management Advisory Committee" (PLMAC) was given the responsibility to develop legislative proposals.

Package of materials including: PLMAC [Premier's Labour Management Advisory Committee] WCB reform framework.

Technical summary of workers' compensation reform.

### 1994 - The Royal Commission on Workers' Compensation

On November 4, 1994, Labour Minister Shirley Coppen officially launched the Royal Commission on workers' compensation.

Ms. Coppen named Lynn William, as chief commissioner, and David C. Smith and Jalynn Bennett as vice-commissioners.

16 Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 16, Sch.

The full title of the Act is, An Act to serve the financial stability of the compensation system for injured workers, to promote the prevention of injury and disease in Ontario workplaces and to revise the Workers' Compensation Act and make related amendments to other Acts.

Workers' Compensation Law | Second Major Reform 16

[Terms of reference for the Ontario Royal Commission on Workers Compensation.]

and proclamation of members of the Commission.

GP WSI Summaries/Reports Royal Com. 1995

The Royal Commission began to receive submissions and to hold hearings.

Following the 1995 general election, the new government scrapped the Royal Commission17 and appointed C. Jackson as Minister without portfolio, responsible for workers' compensation.

The members of the Commission briefed Minister Jackson but did not issue any report on their findings.

Summaries / reports on the public hearings of the Royal Commission on the Workers' Compensation Board of Ontario

Royal Commission on the Workers' Compensation Board of Ontario.

-- Toronto: Ontario Federation of Labour, 1995.

The Report on New Directions for Workers' Compensation Reform, by Minister Jackson, outlined a set of recommendations for extensive changes to the workers' compensation system based on the comprehensive review of the Ontario's workers' compensation system he conducted since his appointment in July of 1995 as Minister Responsible for WCB Reform.

These recommendations formed the basis for the introduction by the Minister of Labour, on November 26, 1996, of Bill 99.

New directions for workers' compensation reform

Jackson, Cam. / Ontario. Minister Without Portfolio Responsible for Workers' Compensation Reform.

-- Toronto: Minister Without Portfolio Responsible for Workers' Compensation Reform, 1996.

Related Materials Regarding The Report on New Directions for Workers' Compensation Reform

New directions for workers' compensation: a discussion paper.

The Honorourable Cam Jackson, Minister Without Portfolio, Responsible for Workers' Compensation Reform. January, 1996 52p. 1995.

Minister Cam Jackson's discussion paper New Directions for Workers' Compensation Reform.

Comment by S.R. Ellis, Q.C. Tribunal Chair.

Ellis, S. Ronald. -- Workers' Compensation Appeals Tribunal (Ontario).

Final-level appeal processes in workers' compensation systems.

Ellis, S. Ronald. -- Workers' Compensation Appeals Tribunal (Ontario). December 1995 31p. and 6p. appendix. 1995.

Workers' Compensation Law | Second Major Reform 17

Private sector solutions for workers' compensation problems : a report to Cam Jackson, Minister without Portfolio Responsible for WCB Reform

-- Toronto: Insurance Bureau of Canada, 1996.

Private sector solutions for workers' compensation problems.

A report to Cam Jackson Minister without portfolio responsible for WCB reform.

### Standing Committee on Resources Development Submissions

#### Standing Committee on Resources Development Submissions -Bill 165

Submission to the Standing Committee on Resources Development Bill 165.

Proposed changes to the Ontario Workers' Compensation Act.

CAW / TCA Canada. September 6, 1994. 36p. 1994.

#### Standing Committee on Resources Development Submissions -Bill 99, 1997

Bill 99 : workers' compensation reform act : review and analysis of proposed changes to the Workers' Compensation Act

Toronto: L.A. Liversidge & Associates, 1997.

Bill 99. Workers' Compensation Reform Act.

Review and analysis of proposed changes to the Workers' Compensation Act.

L.A. Liversidge & Associates Ltd. January 27, 1997. 1997.

Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Act and commentary : 2009 edition.

-- 2009 -- Markham, ON: LexisNexis Butterworths, 2008.

Workers' compensation : foundations for reform.

-- Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

Workmen's compensation for injuries act, 1892, 55 Vict. cap. 30 (0.) : and the Revised statute of Ontario (1887), chapter 135, commonly known as Lord Campbell's act / with copious notes by George Smith Holmested

Workers' Compensation Law | Books, Studies and Articles 18

The Workmen's compensation acts, 1925 to 1940 : with notes, rules, orders, regulations and schemes.

-- -- Being the 33rd ed., of 'Willis' Workmen's Compensation Acts'.

Workers' Compenastion Appeals Tribunal. no. 85 A 0545. Decision 915.

The workmen's compensation movement in Ontario.

Piva, Michael J. -- Ontario history. 1975 v.67 )1) p.39-56.

Workers' Compensation in Ontario: a decade of reform.

Derstine, Dirk Nathu Shamash. -- University of Toronto Faculty of Law review.

Justice for injured workers: a community responds to government 'reform'.

McCombie, Nick. -- Canadian community law journal. 1984 v.7 p.136-173 1984.

Justice for injured workers: the struggle continues.

Biggin, P Buonastella, O Endicott, M McKinnon, J Spano, S Ublansky, D. -- Journal of law and social policy.

[Bill 162 and other documents relating to legislative history: Key workers' compensation reform proposals: chronology and background notes.]

History of legislative reform of workers' compensation in Ontario.

Poverty law in Ontario: the year in review.

[Includes comment on PLMAC reform proposals and Bill 165]

Ellsworth,Randal Morrison, Ian Keene, Judith Rapsey, Paul Pearce, Gweyneth.

This nuisance of litigation: the origins of workers'-compensation in Ontario.

Risk, R. C. B. -- In David H. Flaherty, ed., Essays in the History of Canadian Law. p. 418 - 491 1983.

The law of employers' liability in Ontario 1861-1900: the search for a theory.

Tucker, Eric. -- Osgoode Hall law journal. 1984 v.22(2) p.216-280. 1984.

Report to the Occupational Disease Advisory Panel.

Changes to Schedule 3 Regulation of Workplace Safety and Insurance Act.

Lowe, Grant. -- Workplace Safety and Insurance Board. (Ontario).

Issues in workers' compensation appeals system reform

Hyatt, Douglas E. -- Workplace injuries and diseases: essays in honour of Terry Thomason.

W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 2005. p.117-140.

2 See The law of employers' liability in Ontario 1861-1900: the search for a theory.

6 Workers' compensation in Ontario : system in transition, 1985 - 1990 /

-- Toronto: Workers' Compensation Board, 1990.

7 See Dee, Garth, "A Short History of Workers' Compensation" p. 14

11For more background on the context and goals of the Weiler report, see Will injured workers get a fair hearing? : an educational forum on workers' compensation and the Weiler Study : current problems and issues.

/ Weiler, Paul C. Toronto: Committee on the Weiler Study, 1980.

This background paper was prepared by the Committee on the Weiler Study for the Educational Forum held Sunday, June 8th, 1980 in Toronto.

12 See Workers' Compensation in Ontario: a decade of reform.

-- University of Toronto Faculty of Law review.

13 See GP WSI Report Stand. Com. Res. Dev. 1991

-- I.A.V.G.O. reporting service newsletter.

16 Workplace Safety and Insurance Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 16, Sch.

Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal