Boyer claimed he decided to drop publication because he was disappointed with the university's handling of movie rights.

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Chronicles of Tombstone's Turbulent Years

## The Real Tombstone Travesty - by Gary L. Roberts

### The Earp Controversy from Bechdolt to Boyer

Wyatt Earp was not the only controversial figure in the history of the American West.

Jesse James, Billy the Kid, Wild Bill Hickok, Butch Cassidy, Bat Masterson, Tom Horn, Frank Canton, and a variety of others have all had their share of hero worship and debunking in what Frank Waters called the "Great American Myth" of the "two-gun man."

Many of them, especially Jesse, the Kid, and Wild Bill have been myth collectors, but Wyatt Earp's story has been different, perhaps because he lived to a ripe old age, but almost certainly because of a peculiarly bitter division among old-timers about who and what he was.

This bitter division has been perpetuated and extended in the writings about his life.

He excites a level of controversy even today that almost defies explanation.

This controversy has taken on a life of its own in the Earp story.

It is as much a part of the research process as investigations into his days as a peace officer in Dodge City, the Fremont Street fiasco known as the "Gunfight at the OK Corral," or the vendetta ride that assured his place in the six-shooter lore of the Old West.

Exploring the literature is also a treacherous enterprise because of the peculiar corruption of the record that has attended the growth of the controversy.

Other Western characters have been lied about, fictionalized, and mythologized, but no where else is the practice so pervasive or so corrosive to truth as it is in the Earp story.

Wyatt Earp was the subject of much bitter and false commentary in his life time.

When he rode out of Tombstone in 1882, his movements were the subject of national press coverage.

Contrary to much that has been published since, Wyatt Earp was a known commodity in Western lore from the moment he gunned down Frank Stilwell in Tucson.

There was a flurry of coverage that spring, not merely in Tombstone and in Tucson, but in the rest of the country as well, especially in California and Colorado.

Yet, after 1882, despite frequent references to Earp in the press, as well as occasional interviews with him, most of what was written about him and about Tombstone bore little resemblance to what had happened.

Despite its errors and some questions about the liberties taken by his ghost writer, the account attributed to Wyatt in the San Francisco Examiner in 1896 is perhaps the closest thing to an accurate account to be published before the 1920's.1

This conclusion is faint praise, but the Examiner articles at least described real events and got most of the names right.

In contrast, Earp was subjected over the years to a series of scurrilous attacks that so distorted the facts of his life and the history of Tombstone that they were historically worthless

The vitriolic nature of these stories prompted Bat Masterson's declaration in 1907 that "Wyatt Earp. . . has excited by his display of great courage and nerve under trying conditions, the envy and hatred of those small-minded creatures with which the world seems to be abundantly peopled, and whose sole delight in life seems to be in fly-specking the reputations of real men."2

One of the problems was that Wyatt Earp left the field of his high drama largely in the hands of those who sympathized with his enemies.

The Earps left Arizona in 1882, and most of those who supported them in Tombstone either departed with the collapse of the silver boom or kept their silence.

State histories treated Earp as an outlaw, and the Arizona Pioneers Historical Society reinforced that perception.3

The stories that appeared in the popular press were even more bizarre, so strange in fact that it is almost impossible to recognize the Tombstone war in what they wrote.

After the Sharkey-Fitzsimmons fight in 1896, Earp endured a rash of sensational tales about his early life, including a widely read newspaper account by Alfred Henry Lewis, the popular writer who later befriended Bat Masterson.4

Wyatt Earp chafed under the repeated attacks, and his periodic interviews with newspapers failed to stem the flow of bad press.

In 1922, Frederick R. Bechdolt published When the West Was Young 5 which included the story of Wyatt's Tombstone years.

Bechdolt provided a reasonable chronology of what happened at Tombstone, but he badly garbled the basic facts.

Although he clearly admired Wyatt Earp's courage, he characterized the Earp-Clanton troubles as the falling out of partners in crime.

One of the effects of the publication of Bechdolt's work was that Forrestine Hooker, the daughter of Henry Hooker, the Arizona rancher, sought to write a "correct" version in response.

The Hooker manuscript was never published, but it appears to have been the first work in which Wyatt Earp actually played a role.

In the end, he was cool toward the project, and it was never published.

In addition to Bechdolt's work, Earp had been incensed by the publication of an article by John M. Scanland in the Los Angeles Times.

At the time, William S. Hart, the cowboy actor and Wyatt's friend, ably defended him in a letter to the editor, but five years later Wyatt tracked Scanland down and confronted him personally.

Scanland, who had no idea Wyatt Earp was still alive wrote a retraction.

"It does beat the band how the truth will be warped and misstated over the years," he wrote to Hart.7

Eventually, Hart and Josephine Sarah Marcus Earp, Wyatt's third wife (the redoubtable "Sadie"), persuaded Wyatt to have his story written.

As a result of these pressures, he enlisted the aid of John Flood, a young friend of his, to help him produce the 'true story."

Flood took endless stenographic notes from his conversations with Wyatt, worked with him on maps of the notable events in his life, and sought to draft a manuscript from the labors.

The finished product was hopelessly stilted, melodramatic, and just plain badly written.

Wyatt vainly tried to have it published, largely through the aegis of Hart.8

By the time Walter Noble Burns published The Saga of Billy the Kid in 1926, Hart had realized the hopelessness of the effort to publish the Flood.

When Burns approached Wyatt about writing his life's story, Hart urged him to collaborate with Burns, but Wyatt waffled, still hoping to place the Flood.9

Earp tried to persuade Burns to redirect his attention to Doc Holliday and did share some information with Burns, while urging him "please to say as little as possible about me. . . ."

Eventually, Flood urged the collaboration as well, but Burns' book, Tombstone: An Iliad of the Southwest, was already in press.

He felt betrayed, but in fact, it was a missed opportunity.

Burns elevated the story of Tombstone to epic levels and, despite its romanticism, provided a compelling portrait of Wyatt Earp as 'the lion of Tombstone."

Wyatt was blind to the positive portrayal in Tombstone, but the final indignity came when William M. Breakenridge's Helldorado: Bringing Law to the Mesquite, ghost written by the Western novelist, William MacLeod Raine, was published in 1928, portraying Wyatt as a desperate character.11

This may have been one of the reasons that he responded to the inquiries of a young journalist named Stuart N. Lake who had read Burns' book while recuperating in a San Diego hospital.

Lake began a collaboration with Wyatt that was all too brief, lasting only a few months before Wyatt died on January 13, 1929.12

Lake proceeded in spite of the setback, watched like a hawk by Wyatt's Sadie.

Eventually, in 1931, Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal was published.

It was heralded as a major biography in the reviews, and the image of Wyatt Earp as heroic defender of law and order became fixed in the American mind as a result.

What gave real power to the work was a series of lengthy quotes from Wyatt himself describing the events of Wichita, Dodge City, and Tombstone.

The book had the appearance of solid documentation, and the reviewers said so.

Calling Frontier Marshal "unique among American biographies," Florence Finch Kelly fairly gushed in the New York Times Book Review:

His method of narration, by means of the memories quoted directly and the conversations orally reported to him by his subject and other eyewitnesses, all of which he had taken pains to substantiate by checking one against another, makes this biography of the famous gun-fighting marshal of frontier days exceptionally vivid, colorful, and dramatic.

The book, because of these qualities and the paths the author has taken to make it authentic is a notable contribution to the history of our Western and Southwestern frontier.13

Lake's work was a tour de force that accomplished several notable things.

He was among the first writers to actually look at the documentary records of Wichita, Dodge City, and Tombstone.

He provided the first real chronology of the Wichita and Dodge City years, along with a cogent portrait of life in the cowtowns.

He also presented a variety of testimonials to Wyatt's prowess as a peace officer and character as a man.

Lake added vivid detail to the Tombstone story and presented a powerful case in support of Wyatt Earp.

He transformed Burns' "lion of Tombstone" into an American hero.

From the beginning there were dissenting voices.

The following year, Frank C. Lockwood published his history of Arizona in which he called Wyatt Earp a 'very crafty and suave dissimulator."14

William McLeod Raine, Breakenridge's ghost writer was one of the most vocal critics of Lake, not only raising the issue with Houghton Mifflin, but also expressing his contempt for Lake's work widely among his friends.15

Floyd Benjamin Streeter openly challenged some of the claims for Earp in his writings on the cattle towns of Kansas, and Eugene Cunningham, Western novelist and author of Triggernometry: A Gallery of Gunfighters, joined the fray.16

Eugene Manlove Rhodes, the cowboy novelist, agreed with Lake's critics, but added that "it is highly improbable that Wyatt deliberately lied.

Lying is a coward's vice–and Wyatt was a brave man."17

Arizona journalist Anton Mazzonovitch, and a host of Arizona pioneers, including J. C. Hancock, challenged Lake's view.

Several old-timers, including Tom Masterson, the brother of Bat, and Pink Simms, an old cowboy, openly expressed doubt that Earp "ever said those things." 19

The Lake image prevailed, however, in part because it was such a compelling story and provided a believable hero for many searching for heroes during the Great Depression and in part because, as Don Russell pointed out in 1949, it seemed to have documentary support.20

But there was a fatal flaw in Lake's masterpiece.

Oddly, it was Lake himself who confirmed the suspicions of those who doubted the authenticity of Wyatt's quotes.

Burton Rascoe, the biographer of Belle Starr, who openly admired Lake's book as "the best written, most credible, and most thoroughly absorbing of all the existent books about famous peace officers and notorious bandits," wrote Lake about his suspicions.

Lake replied that Earp had been inarticulate," that "in speech, he was at best monosyllabic."

As a result of his labors, Lake admitted, he felt 'journalistically justified in inventing the Earp manuscript."

Rascoe added, "This book may be faked from beginning to end, but I don't believe it is, and if it is, it is a magnificent job of fakery–a creative work of first-rate ingenuity, in fact."

One of the young writers who was outraged by Lake's book was Frank Waters.

He met Alvira Sullivan Earp, the widow of Virgil Earp in 1932, and began a collaboration with her to publish her story.

He also spent six months in Arizona, talking with old-timers and poring over the files of the Arizona Pioneers Historical Society.

He returned home convinced that Wyatt Earp was a liar and a scoundrel.

Allie's story now had another purpose–to set the record straight about the Earps.

He blended her reminiscences with the results of his research.

The problem was that she had said, proportionately to the rest of her story, very little about Tombstone.

Her story shifted into the background as he built his case.

When he submitted his manuscript, "Tombstone Travesty" to "Aunt Allie," she was outraged at its flagrantly anti-Earp tone and swore that it was all a "pack of lies."

So, he shipped the manuscript off to the Arizona Pioneers Historical Society where it was filed away and largely forgotten.

Waters resurrected the story of Miss Allie in 1946 with publication of The Colorado.

There, he denounced Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal as 'the most assiduously concocted piece of blood-and-thunder fiction ever written." 23

As it turned out, The Colorado was a portent of the future.

In the 1950's interest in Wyatt Earp was revived by The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, a weekly television series on ABC Network, and Lake's view prevailed in the works of that decade.

Still, the rash of television "westerns" almost guaranteed a reaction critical of the gunfighter.

In 1955, Edwin V. Burkholder, an old-time writer who specialized in stories about the West, published an article in Argosy Magazine, which not only denounced Wyatt Earp as a coward and a murderer but manufactured evidence to prove it.

Here was fakery in its most blatant form, designed to be as outrageous as possible.

Writing under the pseudonyms "George Carleton Mays" and "J. S. Qualey," Burkholder also filled the pages of the new popular Western magazine, Real West with sensational claims about Wyatt Earp's villainy, and even manufactured fake letters to the editor from supposed "old-timers."24

A more responsible attack on Wyatt Earp appeared in 1956 when William MacLeod Raine revived his criticism of Earp in an article called "Wyatt Earp. Man Versus Myth."

There, Raine concluded: "I think that as the infirmities of the years overtook Earp his ego resented the thought of slippers by the fire.

His mind dwelt on the past and his turbulent role on the young lawless frontier.

As he reconstructed those days, imagination embellished facts and the Wyatt Earp who emerged was much taller in the saddle than the real Wyatt Earp."

Before decade's end Wyatt Earp, along with his friend Bat Masterson and others had been denounced as 'fighting pimps" in Time Magazine, and prestigious American Heritage had published Peter Lyon's frontal assault on "The Wild, Wild West."26

The time was auspicious, then, for a major new work on Wyatt Earp, and taking advantage of the trend, Frank Waters recovered his manuscript, "Tombstone Travesty," from the Arizona Pioneers Historical Society and set about transforming it into a book he originally entitled "The Earp Gang of Tombstone."

He supplemented his earlier work with new research gleaned from his friend John D. Gilchriese, a collector and student of the Earp story.

But he could not resist the temptation of altering Allie's story.

When The Earp Brothers of Tombstone was published in 1960, it appeared to be a revelation from an insider, the widow of Virgil Earp.

Combined with a mountain of old-timer commentary critical of Earp and charges about Earp's abandonment of his second wife, Mattie, and her subsequent suicide, the effects of the book were devastating to the image of Wyatt Earp.

Waters' view seemed overpowering in the face of Aunt Allie's indictment.

Ramon F. Adams then the acknowledged expert on gunfighter literature, declared, "At last we have a book which dares to tell the truth about the Earps, refuting many highly romantic and imaginative tales told by Burns and Lake."27

Hard on the heels of The Earp Brothers of Tombstone, Ed Bartholomew published two books on Wyatt, Wyatt Earp: The Untold Story and Wyatt Earp: Man and Myth.

Bartholomew's books were openly anti-Earp and written with the intent of destroying the image of Wyatt Earp as hero.

The case was made, not by reasoned argument, but by the accumulation of anti-Earp facts, rumors, gossip, and innuendo piled on top of one another until the effect was somewhat overwhelming, not to mention tedious to follow.

But, Bartholomew's work confirmed the trend toward "debunkery," and soon the academic community was jumping on the bandwagon of the "fighting pimp" image of Wyatt Earp.

Almost overlooked in the process was a small book published in 1967 by a subsidized press in Texas.

Its title, The Suppressed Murder of Wyatt Earp, was an unfortunate mistake, but for the few Earp students who found it and read it, Glenn G. Boyer's voice seemed to offer a balanced alternative to hero-worship and debunking.

He presented documents about Mattie Earp's suicide that supported Waters' view that Wyatt had abandoned her, and, at the same time, he offered a positive view of Wyatt Earp's career which made sense and did not succumb to hero worship.

Over the years, Boyer persisted in a series of articles in which he made his case and appeared to be a refreshing voice of reason making the case for responsible stewardship of the historical record.29

The publication of books by Waters and Bartholomew combined with Nyle H. Miller and Joseph W. Snell's Why the West Was Wild (which presented newspaper and documentary evidence of Wyatt Earp's Kansas years that suggested that his exploits had been exaggerated or made up), convinced many that all that could be said about Wyatt Earp had been said, at least until John D. Gilchriese, the acknowledged Earp authority whose massive collection of Earp materials, included John Flood's notes, the Virgil Earp diary, and a mountain of other materials, finished his book for Alfred A. Knopf.

The imposing collection of Gilchriese thoroughly intimidated the field.30

It was Boyer who broke the deadlock with a blockbuster book.

I Married Wyatt Earp: The Recollections of Josephine Sarah Marcus Earp, published in 1976 by the University of Arizona Press, shook the field of gunfighter history.

Here was yet another view by an insider that appeared to reveal vital new insights into the Earp-Clanton troubles.

Boyer's work was crafted in such a way that, as editor, he criticized, corrected, and disagreed with the "author," Josie Earp.

It appeared to have balance, and sported all the academic accoutrements - endnotes, bibliography, and a review of the Earp controversy which seemed to put the whole story into perspective and suggested that here at last was a serious work of history.

Boyer "exposed" both Lake and Waters for tampering with the memories of Wyatt Earp and Allie Earp respectively and chastised both authors for manufacturing quoted material out of whole cloth.

It was a formidable performance, and soon I Married Wyatt Earp was being required as supplemental reading in U. S. history classes at universities and colleges.

Lake and Waters now seemed so extreme that it was difficult to imagine how either of them had been so readily accepted by previous generations.

Boyer followed his book with a series of articles, most of them including new "revelations" of Mrs. Earp about the controversial events in Wyatt's life, explaining that these matters had been deleted from the original book for editorial reasons.31

In the process, he was widely recognized as the leading authority on Wyatt Earp.

Subsequent writers, including Paula Mitchell Marks and Richard Maxwell Brown, both academics, accepted much that Boyer wrote without question.32

In 1993, Boyer published Wyatt Earp's Tombstone Vendetta, presented as a "nonfiction novel," based on the account of a newspaperman identified as Theodore Ten Eyck, and followed this with a fourteen-part series in True West Magazine entitled 'Wyatt Earp, Legendary American" which also identified Ten Eyck as a source in a straight biographical format.33

These works proved to be Boyer's undoing.

Several scholars in the field were skeptical of Boyer's work, but not until 1994 was he openly challenged.

Jeff Morey published a critique of Wyatt Earp's Tombstone Vendetta in the NOLA Journal in which he suggested that Ten Eyck was not a real person.

Boyer's response to Morey provided few answers and raised more questions that eventually challenged the authenticity not only of Vendetta but also of I Married Wyatt Earp.34

Eventually, Boyer would admit that most of the charges of his critics were true and in a moment of pique declared that because of his connection to the Earp family, he "had a license to say any darned thing I please for the purpose of protecting the reputation of the Earp Boys, which I committed myself to do.

I can lie, cheat, and steal, and figuratively ambush, antagonize, poison wells, and all of the others [sic] things that go with a first class Vendetta, even a figurative one."35

In short, the memoirs of Josie Earp, like those of Allie Earp and Wyatt Earp, were not the first-hand recollections they appeared to be.

And so over time, each of the three "watershed" works of what students of the field describe as 'Earpiana" were eventually discredited, and essentially for the same reason.

Lake, Waters, and Boyer each had access to a principal figure in the Earp story, the first two through direct contact and interview, the last by way of a manuscript of recollections which came into his possession from members of the Earp family.

All three writers did significant research and had access to important information.

All three were disappointed in what they received from the participants, and all filled in the gaps by puffing words in the participants' mouths.

Stuart Lake found Wyatt Earp reluctant to talk and suffered the disappointment of Earp's death before the project was completed.

Frank Waters was first charmed by Allie Earp's story, then, when he realized who she was, disappointed that she did not talk more about what happened in Tombstone.

Glenn Boyer found himself with a manuscript that barely touched Tombstone at all and had limited interest and sales potential because of it.

Of the three, Stuart Lake was perhaps the least culpable.

His work contained no footnotes, not even a bibliography.

He wrote at a time when the Western gunfighter was "Clio's bastard," a subject seemingly unworthy of treatment as "real history."

Moreover, he had to build the Earp story largely from scratch.

There was no significant body of literature on which to draw.

No doubt, he was enamored of his subject.

He was frustrated over Earp's untimely demise, and he was burdened with the presence of Sadie who zealously guarded Wyatt's reputation and still criticized the result.

Yet, in Frontier Marshal, Lake bluntly criticized the "mythmakers," singling out Burns and Breakenridge among others.

He even quoted Wyatt as saying that the 1896 Examiner articles "appeared in print with a lot of things added that never existed outside the reporter's imagination."36

Lake presented himself as a revisionist setting the record straight in contrast to the fictioneers of the past.

He created argument against the inaccuracies of the past that even impressed some of the toughest critics of Western historical writing.

Lake admitted later to Rascoe that his intent was to find "a method that would stamp mine [his book] as authentic.

But, when I came to the task I decided to [employ] the direct quotation form sufficiently often to achieve my purpose.

I've often wondered if I did not overdo in this respect."37

So when Lake put his conclusions, opinions, and imagination into Wyatt's mouth to give them far more impact than if Lake had said them himself, it was a conscious act of duplicity.

Frank Waters had the problem of the true believer.

His was a quest to destroy the "killer" in the American soul, to expose the Great American Myth which justified the economic and political exploitation of the American land and people and the "streak of violence imbedded in our nature as a people."

To him, Stuart Lake's book perpetuated that myth and was an affront to the real pioneer spirit.

Exposing Wyatt Earp as "a blackleg, a gambler, and a coward" took on a greater purpose.

Based upon his research, he no doubt believed that he had found the truth, but Allie would not confirm it and in fact adamantly refused to lend her name to his conclusions.

After he and John Gilchriese found the inquest records on the suicide of Mattie Earp in 1959, Waters returned to Los Angeles and, according to his own late statement, 'told Aunt Allie of our findings and she finally revealed the skeleton in the Earp family closet….

Aunt Allie then told me of more happenings in Tombstone."

Actually, Aunt Allie had died in 1947, twelve years before Waters discovered the Mattie Earp documents!

"Tombstone Travesty" was rewritten for publication in 1959, and all of the things that Allie had refused to talk about all those years before now flowed from her mouth - posthumously.38

The most remarkable thing about Waters' decision to add to what Allie had said was that he knew what Lake had done.

He wrote that "while Lake's book largely comprised allegedly verbatim quotations from Wyatt, Lake in his letter to my publishers affirmed that Wyatt never dictated a word to him.

Thus Lake admitted sole responsibility for the biography's fictitious contents."

And still Waters pursued the same course, mindful that his indictment of Earp would be stronger from the mouth of Earp's sister-in-law and certain that the end justified the means in the advancement of his cause.

Hildreth Halliwell, the relative with whom Allie lived in her last years was blunt about it: "I get so mad every time I think of what Frank Waters wrote after spending hours with Aunt Allie getting the true facts that I guess I go berserk."

Glenn Boyer began his work on the recollections of Josephine Sarah Marcus Earp with full knowledge of what Lake and Waters had done.

In 1975, a year before I Married Wyatt Earp was published, Boyer wrote concerning Frontier Marshal: "We cannot tell how much of this book is Lake and how much is Wyatt, in common with the failing of Waters's book, which is that we don't know how much was Aunt Allie and how much the author."

He enlarged on this theme in the epilogue of his book, and extended his observations yet further in an article in Arizona and the West published the same year.

The Cason manuscript and other related materials had come into his hands through the cooperation of the Cason family, but the manuscript was disappointing.

Mrs. Earp said almost nothing about Tombstone–and for good reason.

She had little first-hand knowledge about the goings-on in Tombstone.

She was not the confidante of the principals.

She was, like Allie, a nineteenth century woman, and the things she chose to emphasize were not unlike the things Allie told.

Like Allie, she was loyal to her husband and brooked nothing that would compromise his reputation, including her own connection to him at Tombstone.

What Boyer had was an important document for Earp researchers, but it was not the sort of thing that would have broad appeal to those who were looking for more details about the 0.K. Corral fight, the Vendetta ride, and the other goings-on at Tombstone.

He claimed in the epilogue of I Married Wyatt Earp to have had yet another manuscript, identified as the "Clum manuscript" which, he said, included the Tombstone material, but the truth was that Mrs. Earp resisted talking about Tombstone.

Indeed, she told Frank Waters' sister that she intended to write a book about her life with Wyatt Earp "starting with their marriage in San Francisco and up to Alaska etc. and fixing as much as she can Wyatt's reputation for good."

As it turned out later, under the scrutiny of his questioners, Boyer admitted that the Clum manuscript which he also called the "Colyn manuscript" was actually a collection of notes, comments, and his own research into primary and secondary sources.

In other words, the whole Tombstone section was his opinion of what happened at Tombstone put into Josephine Earp's mouth.

He has sought to justify his course by claiming, after the fact, that I Married Wyatt Earp was a novel, but it was not published as such.

It was published by a university press as part of it history list, not its fiction list.

In his introduction to the limited edition of the Flood manuscript that he published in 1981, Boyer again addressed Lake's liberties with the truth, adding, "These comments about Lake are not intended reprovingly.

He did what was necessary then, and now, to sell."43

Fakers are nothing new to the history of the American West.

The Arizona Bills, Wayne Montgomerys, and Edwin Burkholders are easily dismissed because of their transparent falsehood, but the cases of Lake, Waters, and Boyer were different.

All three were men of obvious ability who uncovered important materials and had a chance to make important contributions to an area of history sadly in need of works of real historical credibility.

All three were given credit for having made exactly that kind of contribution by reviewers at the time their books were published.

Ultimately, though, instead of maintaining the integrity of their sources, all deliberately changed the voices of their informants.

Their motivations, whether journalistic, altruistic, or materialistic, are not the primary issues here.

What is important is that the three most important books on the subject of Wyatt Earp, the three books that have had the greatest impact upon the interpretation of what happened at Tombstone, all suffer from the same kind of abuse of the historical record.44

1. Wyatt S. Earp, 'How Wyatt Earp Routed a Gang of Arizona Outlaws," San Francisco Examiner, Aug 7, 1896.

This was the first of three articles in the series.

2. William B. Masterson, "Famous Gunfighters of the Western Frontier: Wyatt Earp," Human Life (Feb, 1907): 9-10, 22.

3. James H. McClintock, Arizona: Prehistoric-Aboriginal-Pioneer-Modern 3 volumes (Chicago: S. J. Clarke Publishing Co., 1916).

See also William Henry Bishop, "Across Arizona," Harper's Monthly, LXVI (March, 1883): 493-502, and the same author's Old Mexico and Her Lost Provinces: A Journey in Mexico, Southern California and Arizona by Way of Cuba (New York Harper & Brothers, 1883).

4. See the accounts of Alfred Henry Lewis, San Francisco Call, Dec 12, 1896 (reprinted from the New York Journal). and Charles H. Hopkins, San Francisco Call, Dec 15, 1896.

See also Charles Michelson, "Mankillers at Close Range," Munsey's Magazine, 1901, reprinted as a pamphlet by Frontier Book Co., 1958.

5. Frederick R. Bechdolt, When the West Was Young (New York: The Century Company, 1922).

6. Forrestine Hooker, "An Arizona Vendetta: The Truth About Wyatt Earp and Some Others," Manuscript in the Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, California, written circa 1922.

7. John M. Scanland, 'Lurid Trails Are Left By Olden Day Bandits," Los Angeles Times, March 12, 1922; "Mr. & Mrs. Earp" to William S. Hart, March 24. 1922, and Wyatt Earp to Hart, Nov 18. 1927, William S. Hart Papers. Seave Center, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History

For a full discussion of this effort, see Casey Tefertiller, Wyatt Earp: The Life Behind the Legend (New York: John Wiley and Co., 1997): 319-324.

There are apparently four versions of the Flood Ms in the John D. Gilchriese Collection (Gilchriese acquired most of Flood's materials).

Interestingly, in light of what would later happen, Glenn G. Boyer in the epilogue of Glenn G. Boyer, editor, I Married Wyatt Earp: The Recollections of Josephine Sarah Marcus Earp.

(Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1976): 247-252, reviews the Flood-Earp-Lake connection well.

Boyer also published one version of the Flood ms as Wyatt S. Earp, Wyatt Earp's Autobiography (Sierra Vista. Arizona: Loma V. Bissette, 1981).

Copies of at least one version of the Flood are in several private collections.

See also L. Burr Belden, "Close Friend of Wyatt Earp Tells of Latter's Life," San Bernardino Sun-Telegram , April 23, 1956, for comments by Flood.

9. Mrs. Wyatt Earp to Burns, Nov 8 1926, John H. Flood, Jr. to Burns, March 28, 1927; Wyatt Earp to Burns, May 24, 1927, all in the Walter Noble Burns Collection, University of Arizona Library, Tucson.

10. Earp to Burns, March 15, 1927, Burns Collection

11. William M. Breakenridge, Helldorado: Bringing Law to the Mesquite (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1928).

Raine had published his Famous Sheriffs and Western Outlaws (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1927) the previous year.

12. Tefertiller, Life Behind the Legend, pp. 325-332.

For a full understanding of what transpired, researchers should consult the Lake Collection at the Huntington Library, San Marino., California.

13. Florence Finch Kelly, "Wyatt Earp Who Died Sociable," The New York Times Book Review, Jan 10, 1932.

14. Frank C. Lockwood, Pioneer Days in Arizona: From the Spanish Occupation to Statehood (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1932).

15. W. H. Hutchinson, A Bar Cross Man Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1956):319.

16. Floyd Benjamin Streeter, Prairie Trails and Cowtowns (Boston: Chapman and Grimes, 1936); Eugene Cunningham, Triggernometry: A Gallery of Gunfighters New York: Press of the Pioneers, 1934).

17. Rhodes to Raine, Dec 28, 1931, A Bar Cross Man, p.323.

Hancock began his crusade against the pro-Earp view following the publication of Bums' Tombstone (see his comments on Burns in the Hancock Collection, Arizona Historical Society).

After the publication of Lake's book he was quoted widely in the Arizona press.

See, for example, articles in the Tucson Citizen, Jan 30, Feb 1-12, 1932.

Mazzanovich critiqued Lake's book in the Brewery Gulch Gazette.

See especially issues for Nov 13, 1931, Feb18, March 11, April 15, April 29, 1932.

19. See the Simms letter to Kalez, Sept 30, 1934, in Jay J. Kalez, "Texan Tamer," Frontier Times, 42 (April-May, 1968): 65; see also Thomas Masterson to Merritt L. Beeson, Nov 23, 1935, Author's Collection; and Arch O'Bryant, 'Brother Tells of Colorful Life of Bat Masterson," Wichita Eagle, July 24, 1928., where Tom criticizes Lake and praises Wyatt.

20. Don Russell, for many years the editor of the Chicago Westerners Brand Book, was noted for his hard-nosed critical analysis of works on Western history.

See his review in the Brand Book, VI (Nov 1949): 74.

21. Burton Rascoe, Belle Starr: The Bandit Queen (New York: Random House, 1941): 334-335.

Lake's letter to Rascoe, Jan 9, 1941, is in the Lake Collection, Huntington Library, and is quoted in Tefertiller, Life Behind the Legend, p.333.

22. Frank Waters, The Colorado (New York: Rinehart and Company, 1946).

The clearest exposition of the fate of "Tombstone Travesty" is found in the Frank Waters Papers, Center for Southwest Research, which includes correspondence between Waters and the Arizona Historical Society.

24. Edwin V. Burkholder, "The Truth About Wyatt Earp," Argosv (July, 1955): 21-23, 64-70; and George Carleton Mays, 'What Really Happened at the OK Corral," Real West, I (Jan 1958): 14-17, 50-51, are representative of Burkholder's

William MacLeod Raine, "Wyatt Earp: Man Versus Myth," Riders West (New York: Dell Publishing Company, 1956).

26. 'The Six-Gun Galahad," Time, LXMII (1959): 57; Peter Lyon, 'The Wild, Wild West," American Heritage, XI (Aug 1960): 3248.

27. Ramon F. Adams, Six Guns and Saddle Leather Gorman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969): 670.

Ed Bartholomew, Wyatt Earp: The Untold Story (Toyahvale: Frontier Book Co., 1963); Ed Bartholomew, Wyatt Earp: Man and Myth (Toyahvale: Frontier Book Co., 1964); Eugene Hollon, Frontier Violence: Another Look New York: Oxford University Press, 1974), provides one example.

Lyon's "Wild, Wild West," is still recommended as supplementary reading in some standard U. S. history textbooks.

29. Glenn G. Boyer, The Suppressed Murder of Wyatt Earp (San Antonio: The Naylor Company, 1967); "The Pen Outdraws the Gun," Western Writers of America Roundup (April, 1968): 6-8; "The Earp Legend," Tombstone Epitaph, National Edition (March, 1975): 1, 3.

30. Nyle H Miller and Joseph W. Snell, Why the West Was Wild (Topeka: Kansas State Historical Society, 1963); John D. Gilchriese, "The Life and Times of Wyatt Earp," Cochise Quarterly, I (March, 1971): 3-6; "The Odyssey of Virgil Earp, Tombstone Epitaph, National Edition (Fail, 1968); correspondence in the Robert N. Mullin Collection, Nita Stewart Haley Center, Midlands, Texas; and Gilchriese's review of Bartholomew's books in Arizona and the West, 7 (Spring. 1965): 67-68, in which he enumerated some of the items in his collection.

31. Mrs. Wyatt Earp via Glenn G. Boyer, "Did Wyatt Earp or Doc Holliday Kill Johnny Ringo," Tombstone Epitaph, Journal Edition, 2 (1975): 4-6: Glenn G. Boyer, "Those Marryin' Earp Men," True West, 23 (April 1976): 14-21; "'Curly Bill Has Been Killed at Last"' Real West, 27 (June, 1984): 32-49, are representative samples.

32. Paula Mitchell Marks, And Die in the West: The Story of the 0. K Corral Gunfight (New York: William Morrow and Co., 1989); Richard Maxwell Brown, No Duty to Retreat Violence and Values in American Society and History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991).

33. Glenn G. Boyer, Wyatt Earp's Tombstone Vendetta; "Wyatt Earp Legendary American," True West, 40-41 (Oct 1993-Sept 1994).

Jeffrey J. Morey, "The Curious Vendetta of Glenn G. Boyer," Quarterly of the National Association for Outlaw and Lawman History, XVIII (1994): 22-28; Glenn G. Boyer, "Response from Glenn G. Boyer", Quarterly of the National Association for Outlaw and Lawman History.

X[X (1995): 24A; Glenn G. Boyer, "The Boyer Response NOLA Wouldn't Let You See," Newsletter of the Western Outlaw-Lawman History Association, IV (Spring, 1995): 5-7; Jack Burrows to the editor, True West, 42 (March, 1995): 4;Bob Candland, "Boyer: 'I Am Not An Historian," Tombstone Tumbleweed, XI (Oct16, 1997): ; Gary L. Roberts, "Trailing an American Mythmaker: History and Glenn G. Boyer's Tombstone Vendetta," The WOLA Journal, VI (Spring, 1998): 8-22, 49-53; Tony Ortega, 'How the West Was Spun," Phoenix New Times, 29 (Dec 24-30, 1998): 10-16, 19-20, 22, 24, 26-28; and "I Varied Wyatt Earp," Phoenix New Times, 30(March4-10, 1999): 10-11. and Jefferson Decker, "Tombstone Blues," Lingua Franca, 9 (July/Aug 1999).

35. "Ask the Expert on Wyatt Earp,"Historical Research Associates, http://www.his.res.com. 7/22/99.

37. Lake to Rascoe, quoted in Tefertiller, Life Behind the Legend, p.333.

38. Frank Waters, "Roots and Literary Influences," Old Southwest, New Southwest: Essays on a Region and the Literature.

Edited by Judy Nolte Lensink (Tucson: The Tucson Public Library, 1987): 14.

40. Hildreth Halliwell to Mr. Sullivan, Feb 21, 1967;Halliwell to Boyer: Nov27, 1967.

See also Hildreth Halliwell's recorded interview, Sept 21, 1971, University of Arizona Library, Tucson.

41. Boyer, "The Earp Legend," p.3; and Glenn G. Boyer, 'Postscripts to Historical Fiction about Wyatt Earp in Tombstone," Arizona and the West, 18 (Autumn, 1976): 217-236.

42. Naomi Waters to Frank Waters, Friday (Sept 9, 1938?), Waters Papers.

Also informative is the correspondence between Mabel Earp Cason and Eleanor B. Sloan of tbe Arizona Pioneers Historical Society, found in the Mabel Earp Cason Collection, Arizona Historical Society, Tucson.

The manuscript, by Mrs. Cason and Vinnolia Earp Ackerman was entitled "She Married Wyatt Earp."

It touches on Tombstone only briefly, and that portion has little to do with the Earps.

43.Boyer, "Introduction," Wyatt S. Earp, pp. iv-v

44. Shillingberg, William, Tombstone, A.T: A History of Early Mining; Miling, and Mayhem (Spokane: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1999); Allen Barra, Inventing Wyatt Earp: His Life and Many Legends New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1998); Donald Chaput, Virgil Earp: Western Peace Officer (Encampment: Affiliated Writers of America, Inc., 1994); Steve Gatto, Wyatt Earp: A Biography of a Western Legend (Tucson: San Simon Publishing, 1997); and Roy B. Young, Cochise County Cowboy War: A Cast of Characters (Apache, OK: Young & Sons Enterprises, 1999).

Glenn Boyer has written that he has in his collection of Earp documents the true memories of Allie Earp.

He says that Mrs. Earp dictated this account, Aunt Allie Remembers, to Mrs. Charles Lavonne Miller) Griffin.

Griffin was the daughter of Bill and Estelle (Edwards) Miller.

Mrs. Miller was the daughter of Bill and Adelia (Earp) Edwards.

Mrs. Edwards was the Earl brother's sister and a dear friend of Allie Earp.

Maybe some day these adventures will be published.

It would be interesting to see what Aunt Allie told her other biographer.

When confronted with allegations that "I Married Wyatt Earp" was a hoax, Boyer said he had been misunderstood. "My work is beginning to be recognized by all but a few fanatics and their puppets as a classic example of the newly recognized genre 'creative non-fiction.'"
 It was described by the "Annual Review of Information Science and Technology" in 2006 as a "creative exercise" and hoax. Some rival authors have said that the book cannot be relied on.
 As a result of the criticism and faults discovered with the book, in early 2000 the University refused to comment about the book and referred all questions to university lawyers. On January 29, 2000, Boyer posted a note on Amazon.com that he intended to take back the rights to the book. In March the University of Arizona Press announced they had released all rights to the book, removed the book from their catalog, and returned unsold copies to Boyer.  The university stated that they take their scholarly review process more seriously now than when the book was first published.


In 2018, there were 37 Yeomen Warders and one Chief Warder.

(meta data) TITLE: There's a Secret Pub in the Tower of London, and Only 37 People Are on the Guest List | VinePair

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/Vinepair

# There's a Secret Pub in the Tower of London, and Only 37 People Are on the Guest List

London's toughest door admits fewer than 40 people a night.

The bar itself is hiding in plain sight in one of the city's most thronged tourist hubs.

Welcome to the Yeoman Warders Club, also known as The Keys.

The members-only establishment is situated in the Tower of London, the historic fortress and No. 1 paid tourist attraction in England.

Located on the north bank of the River Thames, the Tower receives nearly 3 million annual visitors.

Their £22.70 admission fee includes a one-hour tour of the premises.

What it does not get them is a look at or entrance to The Keys.

The only people with access are the 37 Yeoman Warders, colloquially called Beefeaters, who live on the premises with their families.

Clad in red-trimmed coats, per the illustration on their namesake London Dry Gin, Beefeaters have guarded the Tower of London since 1485.

Historically their duties included defending the Crown Jewels and minding prisoners such as Anne Boleyn, who was beheaded in the Tower in 1536.

These days their status is largely ceremonial; modern Beefeaters lead tours and smize for Instagrammers.

In the evenings Beefeaters ditch their uniforms for street clothes and head to The Keys, where they kick back on red leather benches beneath framed and mounted artifacts, such as the ancient Yeoman Gaoler's execution axe.

Beers on tap at The Keys include a proprietary Beefeater Bitter.

The off-duty Beefeaters take turns tending bar.

Beers include Beefeater Bitter, specially brewed in Staffordshire and available only at The Keys, plus Yeoman 1485, a craft lager.

Both are "very lovely," club chairman John Donald told Reuters.

"There are certainly two sides to life here at the Tower," Donald said.

"When we are here looking after the general public, we are… very busy answering lots of questions.

And then come 6 o'clock it becomes our own little village again."

The only other patrons are the Beefeaters' personal guests.

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Countess Liliane Fawcett (born 1956), his younger daughter, has two daughters by her hedge fund manager husband, Christopher Fawcett.

(meta data) TITLE: President, Trustees, Governors, and Coram Senior Management Team | Coram

# President, Trustees, Governors, and Coram Senior Management Team

Knighted for his longstanding services to industry, the arts and charity, Sir David is a non-executive director of The Economist, former director of Pearson plc and former Chair and Chief Executive of the Financial Times.

Sir David's involvement in public life and service spans many years.

For ten years he was Chair of homelessness charity, Crisis, and continues to chair a number of organisations, including Sadler's Wells and Cambridge University Press.

He is also an active trustee of several organisations and is a member of the Honorary Council of the Royal National Theatre.

Sir David succeeds Alderman Sir Michael Bear as Coram President.

Paul is Vice Chairman for Coram's Board of Trustees, as well as a member of the Children's Services Committee and of the Finance Committee.

He has also advised on developing Coram's relationships with the public sector.

Paul was Director of Children's Services in Islington until 2009, since then he has led the implementation of the national safeguarding peer review programme on behalf of the Children's Improvement Board and the LGA.

He is the independent chair of Herefordshire Children's Improvement Board.

Paul has had an extensive career in social work as practitioner and manager.

Geoff was introduced to Coram during discussions with the Advisory Centre for Education.

He is currently the Treasurer of Coram, a member of the Nominations and Governance Committee and the Investment Committee, and Chair of the Finance Committee.

Geoff worked as a senior manager at IBM for a number of years, leading IBM financial services and IBM Business School.

Subsequently, he set up his own consultancy business helping create education strategies for a range of both private and public sector clients.

Geoff is the Chair of Trustees of Hampstead Wells and Campden Trust and former Chair of Governors of Hampstead School.

He was also a director and trustee of the Camden Arts Centre, and of the Advisory Centre for Education.

Ade is a Trustee of Coram, Coram Voice and a member of the Children Services Committee.

Ade is an experienced Social Work Director with vast expertise in the delivery of services to vulnerable children, adoption, looked after children, child protection, advocacy and children in need.

Ade has a wealth of experience in multi-agency service delivery and service management.

In addition, Ade is also a qualified business manager and has expertise in project management.

Ade has worked in various senior management roles within a number of local authorities, health, private and statutory organisations.

He previously worked as the director of Community and Children's Services at the City of London Corporation, and is currently Deputy Chief Executive of the London Borough of Bromley.

Robert is a trustee of both Coram Children's Legal Centre and Coram.

Robert spent 31 years working for the Government, latterly as Director of Employment, Commercial and Companies and on major inquiries at the Treasury Solicitors.

While a senior lawyer at the Department of Health he played a key role in the preparation for and implementation of the Children Act 1989.

He spent seven years as a non-exective director and latterly Deputy Chair of an acute NHS hospital.

He chairs occasional inspections, mainly of acute trusts, for the Care Quality Commission.

Celia is a Circuit Judge sitting at Norwich and Ipswich County Courts dealing with complex children's cases in adoption, public and private law.

She previously worked as a District Judge in East Anglia, Stratford and Wells Street Family Proceedings Court, where she dealt with some of the first concurrent planning cases, pioneered by Coram.

Before her appointment as a District Judge in 2004 she specialised in children's cases in the family court and also defending young people accused of criminal offenses in the Youth Court.

She was a trustee of the Children's Legal Centre based at Essex University before it became part of the Coram Group.

She has since then served as a trustee of Coram Children's Legal Centre and of Coram Cambridgeshire Adoption.

She has a keen interest in training professionals and judges and has served as a judicial college tutor and trained judges on children's law and practice in Tanzania and Zanzibar, as part of a joint initiative between UNICEF and Coram International.

Tony works with Life Education Nottinghamshire, where he has been a Trustee since 1998, and with Coram Life Education, where he became a Trustee in 2002.

Today, he is a trustee both of Coram Life Education and of Coram.

Tony is married with one daughter living near the Lincolnshire /Nottinghamshire border and is now retired following a career holding various management posts within British Gas based in the East Midlands and London, initially in sales and marketing but latterly in general and change management.

He has been Chair of Governors of a large comprehensive school in Lincoln for the past ten years.

Tony's other interests include extensive use of his narrow boat in the summer months, offshore sailing, golf and walking (often with his Boxer dog!).

Bill played a key role in the integration of The Children's Legal Centre with Coram.

He is a Trustee of both CCLC and Coram and a member of the Audit Committee, and recently became interim Chair of the Foundling Museum.

Bill is an international entrepreneur who has invested to turn around many underperforming businesses for the last 20 years.

Bill has worked with many international banks and venture capital houses.

He has recently founded Manfield Partners which is a specialist turnaround operator and offers investment when needed.

Bill was a founding director of the Institute for Turnaround and also has recently received an Honorary Doctorate in recognition of his four years as Chairman and Pro Chancellor of the University of Essex.

Dr Li is a Trustee of Coram and a member of the Children's Services Committee, and has recently been appointed Chair of the External Affairs Group.

Dr Li has spent many years working as a public health physician in the NHS.

Also qualified as a GP, her roles have included the regional Consultant in Public Health Medicine for the NHS in London from 1997 to 2000.

She was also the Head of the Chief Medical Officer's Corporate Development Unit for the Department of Health from 2000 to 2002; and from 2003 to 2009 she was the Director of Public Health in Waltham Forest, a deprived London borough.

More recently Dr Li has taken on the position of Deputy Regional Director - System Delivery in Public Health England (London).

She is also the founder and Chair of the Chinese National Healthy Living Centre in the UK.

In 2010 Jonathan introduced a key volunteer, Almudena Lara, who has helped Coram's Research and Policy team develop its social finance capacity.

He has advised Coram on a number of matters of policy.

Jonathan is a member of the Children's Services Committee, and a donor to Coram.

Jonathan is a Professor of Economics at King's College London.

Previously, he held the roles of Director of the National Institute of Economic and Social Research and Chief Economist at the Cabinet Office, where he advised the Cabinet Secretary, Gus O'Donnell, and Number 10 Downing Street on economic and financial issues.

Before that he held a number of other senior economic policy posts in UK government, including as Director for Children and Poverty at the Department for Work and Pensions.

His particular interests include immigration, labour markets, poverty and social mobility.

He writes regularly for the national and international press, is on Twitter at @jdportes and blogs at notthetreasuryview.blogspot.com.

Judith is a trustee of CoramBAAF and Coram Voice.

Judith is a Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist formerly working at the Tavistock Clinic.

Judith is also a professor of child mental health in the West Midlands, based at Worcester University.

In addition she is a psychotherapist and has undertaken clinical outcome studies to explore the better outcomes for abused girls and depressed young people amongst other studies.

More recently, Judith has consulted to organisations for troubled and abused children and is conducting research on what helps to produce the best outcomes.

Judith is a trustee and founder of Young Minds.

Jenny qualified as a social worker in 1986 and has been a senior manager in Local Authority Children's Services since 1997.

She has worked extensively in children's safeguarding, looked after children and quality assurance, and has also managed integrated youth and youth justice services.

Jenny moved from Luton Borough Council to take up the post of Director of Children's Services for Hertfordshire County Council in 2010.

She is the lead DCS for Sector Led Improvement in the Eastern Region and is the chair of the ADCS Families, Communities & Young People Policy Group.

Yogesh is currently Director Corporate Sustainability at Tata Consultancy Services, a global technology, consulting and business solutions company.

Yogesh previously worked as the BBC's Chief Adviser on Corporate Responsibility and Environment.

He is also chairman of the Corporate Responsibility Group (CRG), the UK's practitioner network and emerging professional body for those working in the field of corporate responsibility and sustainability.

Kim Johnson is Chairman of Coram Life Education Trustees and also serves on the Coram board.

He has worked in teaching and education for 39 years.

He was a University Visiting Lecturer on Behaviour, an OFSTED Team Inspector, President of the National Association of Head Teachers, and is a retired SEND Academy Principal.

Kim is currently an International School Ambassador for the British Council, Speaker at Westminster Forum and all Party Parliamentary Groups on SEND, and is an Education Adviser for Cavendish Free School in Cambridgeshire.

Kim's interests include fundraising for Prostate Cancer UK, and walking in the Yorkshire Dales.

Jill's background is business management in advertising, the private medical sector, the Employment Department and the House of Commons where she worked for 18 years.

Jill was the first woman to be appointed as Serjeant at Arms in 2008, a formal job with a very formal uniform.

Jill's passion is to help people to develop, grow and succeed, from primary school children who are struggling to learn to read through to entrepreneurs finding their way in business and female senior managers who are seeking to crack that ultimate glass ceiling.

Jill is Chairman of Trustees of the Coram Beanstalk literacy charity and she is a Reading Helper in a primary school in Battersea where she works with three children encouraging them to love reading and books.

Jill is a founder and an active member of Pink Shoe, a businesswomen's network affiliated to Parliament that recognises, develops and celebrates women's unique talents and skills that complement those of their male colleagues.

She leads on the development of the UK Economic Blueprint for Women, designed to stimulate the growth of women-owned businesses across the UK.

Jill is a qualified business practitioner in Neuro Linguistic Programming and an experienced coach and mentor.

#### To read our Trustees Privacy Notice, click here

### Ms Maureen Sutherland Smith (Life Governor)

Campaign GroupAppointed Governor: June 2002

Maureen has played a vital role in Coram fundraising for many years.

She chaired the Grosvenor House Arts and Antiques Fair event which raised over £400,000, and organised City Rocks, the first rock concert held in the City of London, which raised £200,000 for the Lord Mayor's Appeal.

She has played a key role in developing the Coram brand and has introduced numerous contacts and businesses to Coram.

Today, Maureen is a member of the Campaign Committee and is involved in extending Coram's reach and connections.

Maureen is founder and Chairman of The Communication Group plc, one of the UK's leading independent PR consultancies.

She was previously MD at BBDO Public Relations and CEO at the Good Relations Group plc, the first PR company to be quoted on the London Stock Exchange.

Peter is a former Chairman of Coram (1975 – 1990) and has been a Governor since 1959.

Peter is a life governor, Charter Patron and donor to Coram.

He has introduced a range of contacts and has pledged a legacy to Coram in his will.

Peter is the Chairman of Synergy Holdings Ltd and has previously been Chairman of Dawson Holdings Plc, the Goldshield Group Plc, Top Pay Research Group Ltd, Associates British Industries, Riverside Press Ltd. Wace Group Plc, and IP Plus Plc.

Peter pioneered the idea of a recruitment agency dedicated to the voluntary sector in 1984 and remains Chairman of Charity and Fundraising Recruitment.

Peter is a member of the Worshipful Company of Skinners and a trustee of Tomorrow's Achievers, Young Enterprise, the Politics and the Economics Research Trust.

He is the former Chairman of the Fountain Society, the Public Monuments and Sculpture Association and the Hyde Park Estate Association.

Guy sits on the Appeal Board and is chairman of the Investment Committee.

Guy has spent most of his working life in the City.

After graduating from H.E.C in Paris (Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales), he held senior positions in London and in Paris with Indosuez, Barclays, and BNP Paribas where he was vice-chairman of Asset Management until he retired in 2010.

He is a committee member of The Wine Society and a non-executive director of Impax Asset Management.

Campaign GroupAppointed Governor: October 2002Appointed Life Governor: June 2012

Philippa has been central to the development of Coram's events for more than a decade.

She has raised over £500,000 through her leadership at the Handel birthday concert.

She has championed the development of the Hogarth Dinner and has introduced a range of contacts.

She is a member of the Campaign Committee and remains actively involved in Coram events.

She and her husband are donors to Coram.

Philippa initially trained as a teacher with a parallel life singing choral music.

After raising a family of five children, she returned to work as a freelance consultant focusing on education, the arts and charitable projects.

Philippa managed a fund for Education in Tower Hamlets on behalf of Canary Wharf Limited for 20 years sponsoring research and implementation into early language and literacy, sport and arts development.

Philippa is also a trustee of a composer trust, the Edgar Bainton (UK) Society, and a trustee of The Levantine Foundation, a conservation charity working to preserve the paper based cultural heritage of the Near East.

### Mr Asif Rangoonwala (Vice President)

The Rangoonwala Foundation has supported the Handel Birthday Concert, and is currently a major sponsor of Coram's Art Therapy in schools project.

Asif is an entrepreneur who founded and eventually sold Eurobuns which supplies baked goods to fast food chains, restaurants and supermarkets.

Asif has gone on to start a company called South Street Asset Management providing essential accommodation for students and key workers.

He is Chairman of Powerboat P1 and has Directorships in other companies.

Asif is the Chairman of the Rangoonwala Foundation which supports marginalised societies worldwide.

He is also the Chairman of The British Pakistan Foundation and Chairman of the World Memon Foundation.

He is a Trustee of the British Asian Trust and a World Fellow of The Duke of Edinburgh's Award.

Campaign GroupAppointed Governor: June 2013

Steve has been heavily involved with Coram's Cycle To...events both corporately and personally since 2010, and Broadgate Estates will again be the lead sponsor of Cycle to MIPIM in 2014.

In 2013 the Broadgate Estates team alone raised £32,000 of the £218,000 total from the event.

Steve was appointed Managing Director of Broadgate Estates in April 2010.

He has worked with multi-national service businesses in diverse sectors including retail, consumer electronics, automotive and apparel in a variety of commercial and operational management roles.

His career to date includes management consultancy with Coopers & Lybrand; operations director of an apparel business; ten years in operational and commercial roles with DHL; and five years on the executive board of the retailer Halfords.

Steve is a Fellow of the Institute of Directors and a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT).

James is an external (non-trustee) member of Coram Group's Finance and Audit Committees.

James trained as a Chartered Accountant with Price Waterhouse, and has over 30 years' experience in corporate finance and financial management with Coopers & Lybrand, BT plc and OyezStraker.

Since 2013 he has been running his own business, Caremark (Wandsworth), providing social care to people in Wandsworth who need assistance to live independently and safely at home.

James is a Trustee of Work Stress Solutions, a mental health charity in Surrey, and was a member of Girls' Day School Trust's Audit Committee.

Rob began his career with Laing Management in 1986 as a graduate trainee, following completing a degree in Construction Management at Reading University in 1985.

He then joined Heery International (now part of the Balfour Beatty Group) in 1988 and gained experience in all aspects of construction delivery from office and hotel conversion and refurbishments to large scale multi-phase projects.

Rob joined Stanhope in 1998 and has delivered a wide range of projects as Development Director.

Rob was appointed Operations Director across all Stanhope projects in 2014.

Ruth is the Deputy Secretary of the Old Coram Association (OCA) and a Governor at Coram.

To find out more about the OCA, visit: oca1947.co.uk.

Alison's experience has meant she was an invaluable sounding board member for Coram in critical areas of our work.

She was a Foundling Museum Trustee, and is now chair of Trustees at Coram Children's Legal Centre.

Alison is a qualified solicitor who has mostly worked in local government.

Her most recent position was with the General Social Care Council as Head of Governance and Legal.

Amongst her extensive experience Alison spent time working as a child care lawyer meaning she had a high exposure to children's services including Adoption and Foster Panels.

She also worked for several years for the London Borough of Camden as Director of Law.

Chair of the Campaign GroupTrustee: June 2009 - 2018Chair of Coram Life Education: June 1993 - 2018

Lord Russell has been involved with Life Education since 1988, and became its from chairman 1993 to 2018.

Lord Russell also helped steer its amalgamation with Coram upon which he became a Coram Trustee.

In 2011 he helped organise a reception with the Duke of Westminster that resulted in income for the Lord Mayor's Appeal.

Lord Russell is currently both Chair of Trustees for CLE and a Trustee of Coram.

Lord Russell is a Partner at Spencer Stuart, one of the world's leading executive search consulting firms, which he joined in 1994.

He was a crossbench peer in the House of Lords between 1986 and 1999, and was an active member of the All Party Parliamentary Group on Drug Misuse.

Anthony Douglas was Chief Executive of Cafcass, the national agency charged with articulating the voice of the child in family courts throughout England, from 2004-2019.

Cafcass employs the most number of social workers of any UK organisation and is responsible for 140,000 children annually.

Anthony was an economist and a journalist prior to becoming a social worker and has written 4 books on UK social care and is now writing a fifth on the importance of social care globally.

He is a Visiting Fellow of the Universities of East Anglia and Plymouth and until April 2019 was a member of the Family Justice Board and the Adoption Leadership Board.

He was awarded a CBE in 2008 for services to family justice and adoption, and was made an honorary Doctor of Law by the University of East Anglia in 2018.

He was given the 'outstanding contribution to social work' award at the Social Worker of the Year Awards in November 2018.

He now chairs the Suffolk Safeguarding partnership for vulnerable children and adults and has an additional portfolio of work comprising short-term and long-term projects aimed at improving public services.

Jamie joined Burmah Castrol in 1991 and rose to become Chief Executive of Burmah Castrol Chemicals before leading the buy-out of Foseco in 2001 and its subsequent flotation in 2005.

He was Chief Executive of Foseco plc until it was acquired by Cookson Group plc in April 2008.

He is currently non-executive Chairman of Spirax-Sarco Engineering plc and Cobhamplc.

Jamie was formerly non-executive Chairman of both Tyman plc, and Ibstock plc and a non-executive director of RMC Group plc, Kelda Group plc and the Defence Support Group.

He was also Chairman of a US plastics recycling business, MBA Polymers Inc and Lafarge Tarmac Holdings Limited.

Appointed Chair: 2005Appointed Hon VP: October 2008

Sir Christopher was appointed President and Chairman of Coram in 2005, before these roles were split, and became Honorary Vice President in 2008.

He has introduced a large number of contacts to the charity, and he is currently a donor to Coram.

Sir Christopher's career in business has spanned 50 years.

His previous positions included chair of large international companies such as MEPC plc, The Boots Company plc, Royal and Sun Alliance Insurance Group, Costain plc, London Docklands Development Corporation, Cross London Rail Links (Crossrail) as well as others in the retail and construction industries.

Sir Christopher is a Liveryman of the Worshipful company of Chartered Surveyors and Chair of a regeneration project in Salisbury, Salisbury Vision.

Sir Christopher was the High Sheriff of Wiltshire in 2002 and was knighted in 1988.

Appointed Governor: 1983Appointed Chair :1995Appointed Honorary VP: 2001

Carolyn became a Trustee of Coram in the 1980s and was Chair of Coram from 1995 to 2001 during which time she oversaw the separation of Coram's child care work from the historical art collection.

The campus at Mecklenburgh Square was developed during her chairmanship and Coram moved to carry out its child care work there.

The Foundling Museum was set up as a separate charity and The Coram Collection is housed within the Museum at Brunswick Square.

She was a Trustee of the Museum from 2001 to 2012.

Carolyn is now an Honorary Vice President of Coram and Honorary Vice President of the Old Coram Association.

Carolyn is a Chartered Psychologist working with Psychology4Law, a consultancy specialising in the assessment of children and families both in the public and private sector.

Her previous appointments include senior educational psychology positions in various London Education and Social Services Authorities.

Carolyn has devoted much of her life to working within the voluntary sector as a Trustee in many child care and arts organisations including The Rainer Foundation, Touch Down Dance The Music Therapy Charity and a housing association, The Britannia Royal Naval College Museum and a housing association.

She was a magistrate in Willesden and a District Councillor in Devon.

Appointed Chair: 2003Appointed Hon VP: 2006

David was Chairman of Coram between 2003-2006 and is an Honorary Vice President of Coram.

David qualified as a solicitor in 1955 having studied law at London School of Economics.

David is a pioneer of urban community regeneration whose career has spanned over 40 years.

He was CEO and Chairman of Regalian Properties PLC for 30 years and led developments all over London involving many thousands of residential units and including the regeneration of Battersea Village.

He was responsible for the development of the landmark MI6 building at Vauxhall Cross.

David has also been Chairman of both Swansea City and Cardiff City football clubs, Deputy Chair of London Welsh Rugby Cub and now is Special Adviser to the Welsh Rugby Union.

He is also Adviser to two Welsh Government departments and to the Wales Millennium Centre.

In addition he is an alumnus and now a Fellow and Emeritus Governor of the London School of Economics.

Appointed Governor: January 2006Chair: 2008 - 2014

Edward has brought enormously influential contacts to Coram over many years.

He has been central to the Coram Campus redevelopment and chairs the Campus Development Committee.

He is a Coram donor and attends many events.

Edward, a Fellow of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, had a distinguished career in the property departments of major insurance companies, and 23 years as City Surveyor to the City of London Corporation.

He chaired cross-industry working parties which led to the creation of both the Property Services National Training Organisation and the Sector Skills Council which replaced it.

He has been President of the former General Practice Division, Honorary Treasurer of the RICS and President of the Association of Chief Estates Surveyors in Local Government.

Currently Edward is a Trustee of the University of London.

He is a Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of Chartered Surveyors and was Master in 2003/2004 during which time he was awarded his OBE for services to the Corporation of London and surveying.

President: May 2012 - July 2015Appointed Governor: July 2008

Sir Michael chose Coram as the main beneficiary of his Lord Mayor's Appeal in 2011, which raised substantial sums towards Coram's work and transformed Coram's profile in the city.

Sir Michael is currently President of Coram, the Chair of the Campaign Committee and a member of the Campus Development committee.

He is leading on the property and construction sector for the Coram Campus Appeal and is Past Master of the Worshipful Company of Paviors who supported Coram during Sir Michael's year as Master.

Sir Michael is a non-executive director of Arup and former Managing Director of Balfour Beatty Property and Regeneration Director at Hammerson plc.

Sir Michael was Lord Mayor of the City of London 2010- 2011.

He is Vice President of RedR, a Governor of Clifton College and Emeritus Trustee of Spitalfields Music Festival.

He was Chairman of the public/private City Challenge Programme in the Borough of Tower Hamlets and a Director of its successor body Cityside Regeneration.

Sir Michael was awarded Knights Bachelor in 2012 for his services to regeneration, charity and the City of London.

Carol is a member of the National Adoption Recruitment Forum & Adoption Leadership Board, CBE.

Carol started her career setting up print media enterprises in East Anglia before moving to London as a freelance arts journalist and editor.

She then became Director of Marketing and Development at the University of Westminster, later moving to the British Museum in 1999 as its first Director of Marketing and Public Affairs.

Her affinity for improving the lives of young people motivated her to accept the position of Commercial Director for the Prince's Trust in 2003, where she was responsible for all aspects of income generation.

Carol became Chief Executive of Coram in April 2007.

She is Chair of the National Autistic Society, and a member of the Department for Education's Children's Interagency Group (CIAG) and the Youth Justice Board for England and Wales.

Carol was awarded a CBE in 2013 for her contribution to services for children and families.

Renuka is a qualified teacher and educational psychologist and was Executive Director of NCH - The Bridge (now part of Action for Children's consultancy services) before joining Coram.

Renuka has worked with the British Agencies for Adoption and Fostering as their first Black Issues Consultant and has served on the trustee boards of Fostering Network, Association of Chief Executives of Voluntary Organisations (ACEVO) and Shaftesbury Young People.

Renuka has also been a school governor and a member of Local Authority Exclusion Appeal Panels.

She has written several serious case reviews, which study inter-agency work in relation to safeguarding issues.

She has provided consultancy to children's services both in the United Kingdom and abroad and is a well respected conference speaker.

Her current portfolio includes partnership problem-solving with local authorities to meet the challenge of improving outcomes for children in state care.

Velou Singara manages the Coram Group Finance and Resources.

Velou is a graduate of Mechanical Engineering and completed his Master of Business administration in Finance and Information Systems.

Velou has 20 years of Financial sector experience, working in managerial positions in different sectors including commerce, industry, education and the voluntary sector.

Velou is Qualified by Experience and also a part qualified member of Association of Chartered Certified Accountants in UK.

Velou has contributed to the development of financial regulations for charities under the Statement of Recommended Practices (SORP) to the charity commission and was a member of the HM Revenue & Customs consultation group on Vat reforms for charities.

Our strategic aimsOur people▻President, Trustees, Governors, and Coram Senior Management TeamOur reports and accountsPolicies and privacy statementsOur campus redevelopmentOur Exhibition Space

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The son of His Excellency Count Thierry Michel de Pierredon and Princess Mabel Constance de Polignac, his family were created papal counts in 1882.
 The family own Château de la Roche, near Magné in France, where the "Museum of the Knights of Malta" is located. The Count wrote several books on the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and was a Bailiff Grand Cross of the Order.
 His elder daughter, Countess Marie-Ange Michel de Pierredon (born 1953), who married firstly in 1995 (divorced) the 5th Earl of Liverpool, is a Dame of Honour and Devotion of the Order of Malta.


Veterans Day and Memorial Day services are held onsite annually.

(meta data) TITLE: Names Of Fallen Soldiers Set In Stone At Korean War Memorial « CBS Philly

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Collection: Wikipedia Outlinks March 2016

Crawl of outlinks from wikipedia.org started March, 2016.

These files are currently not publicly accessible.

It has been several years since the last time we did this.

For this collection, several things were done:

This collection will be complete, as there is a

good chance we will share the data, and sharing data with pointers to random

other collections, is a complex problem.

2. For the first time, did all the different wikis.

This one, the seed list was built from all 865 collections.

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# Names Of Fallen Soldiers Set In Stone At Korean War Memorial

Filed Under: Afghanistan, Hagan Stone Cutting Memorial Lettering, Iraq, Joseph Hagan III, Korean War Memorial, Memorial Day, Society Hill

(Joseph Hagan III of Hagan Stone Cutting Memorial Lettering adds the name of a soldier from the five-county Philadelphia area who died in Afghanistan.

PHILADELPHIA (CBS) – Preparations have been underway all over the region leading up to Memorial Day events.

One man's family business has been helping others honor those who have passed away for 140 years.

Using a sand blaster at the Korean War Memorial in Society Hill, Joseph Hagan III of Hagan Stone Cutting Memorial Lettering was adding a name to an area at the memorial designated for the soldiers who lost their lives fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan from the Philadelphia five-county area.

Joeseph Hagan III of Hagan Stone Cutting Memorial Lettering adds a name to the Korean War Memorial at 2nd and Dock Streets.

"I going to be adding John F. Kihm who died on the 19th of April 2011."

All in preparation for the Memorial Day service at the Korean War Memorial.

"The names of each individual kind of speak to us.

We try to do (it) as reverently as we can we try to remember each man and woman because they served our country well."

The names of Korean War veterans who recently passed away were also being added on the black granite ground near the Korean War Memorial, which marks it's 10th anniversary next month.

The Memorial Day service at 2nd and Dock Streets was scheduled for 11 a.m.

The Philadelphia Korean War Memorial at Penn's Landing in Philadelphia was initially dedicated on June 22, 2002 and was formally rededicated on Memorial Day, May 28, 2007 after additional work was completed. Each name of the more than 600 servicemen who were killed in action or listed as missing in action during the Korean War from Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia counties are etched in the memorial.