Protesters in the gilets jaunes protests in December 2018 looted Apple Stores in Paris.

(meta data) TITLE: It's a lot of work, being popular: Apple, Tim Cook and the gilets jaunes • The Register

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# It's a lot of work, being popular: Apple, Tim Cook and the gilets jaunes

Comment People participating in the so-called gilets jaunes* populist protests in France looted an Apple Store in Bordeaux earlier this month – taking care to snaffle the high-tech bling before trashing the place.

It must dismay the iGiant's CEO, Tim Cook, to discover that Cupertino's stores are held in about as much esteem as McDonald's and Starbucks.

McDonald's at least can claim to be feeding the poor.)

Cook may face more gilets jaunes in 2019 – and this time they'll be wearing suits.

There are two kinds of shareholders in every tech firm: profiteers in it for the short term, and long-term institutional investors.

If the latter aren't already strapping on the high-viz wear, they could soon be – and the company's own greed will be to blame.

The Wall Street Journal this week reported on Apple's collapse in India, giving us a fascinating insight of the perils of a high-price, high-margin product line.

Apple shipments in India may have collapsed by as much as 40 per cent, Canalys estimated, and Cook rarely mentions India in his conference calls.

In China, Apple may have lost as much as a third of its market share – we'll see when the full-year numbers are in.

These are the two key growth markets needed for the decades ahead, and, judging by its recent actions, Apple is pricing itself out of them.

Apple still makes 59 per cent of its revenue from the iPhone (PDF) and the company's response to counter flat or falling iPhone volumes has been to increase margins.

Revenues rose by $9bn on iPhone unit sales that remained static.

Analysts are dazzled by the trick of charging wealthy consumers in developed nations more for their Apple products.

But this year Apple has increased prices across the board to "obscene" levels, say some (a word regularly thrown about fan forums like this one).

It didn't seem so risky last year, with a range of iPhone prices encompassing the low-end iPhone SE to the X.

But the SE is no more, and the most affordable new iPhone has gone up 15 per cent since 2016; the iPad Pro 23 per cent in a year.

Other devices made sudden jumps, too: the Mac mini by 60 per cent; the MacBook Air by 20 per cent; the Watch by 21 per cent and 25 per cent.

So today, a strategy that looked risky now looks suicidal.

## Do not adjust your set: Hats off to Apple, you struggle to shift iPhones 'cos you're oddly ethical

Consider how more relatively useful an old iPhone is today, as I noted last week (this was not an ironic piece: Apple did the right thing by forgetting to include built-in obsolescence), and that's reminding everyone to keep old iPhones longer.

For the short term there has been surprisingly little pushback from investors.

Commentators marvel at Apple's increasing services revenue, up $1bn over a year to $10bn a quarter.

With the launch of a movie service, that's likely to increase.

Even with its reach and decade-long headstart, Netflix took $11bn to the bank in Q3.

So only an optimist could expect the $10bn to double any time soon.

And investors these days are much more feisty than they used to be – if not as feisty as the French looters – as they fret over the value of the long-term equity holding.

Both CALPERS (the California Public Employees' Retirement System) and BlackRock, the second-largest AAPL shareholder, have been active in recent years, both helping force changes in Apple's corporate governance.

They may be wondering if Apple is getting left behind, squeezing more margin out of the wealthy, while neglecting the emerging markets that will soon set tech trends.

Being disliked is one thing – being irrelevant is another.

Cook must ensure that isn't his legacy as CEO. ®

*literally "yellow vests" - the regulation fluorescent yellow high-viz outfits French people must carry in their cars.

The burgeoning anti-establishment movement was sparked off by a rise in fuel taxes.

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Can we interest you in some unwashed gym gear instead?

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Apple Stores have experienced numerous burglaries. Notable incidents include two burglaries in February–March 2016 where thieves stole a combined number of 67 iPhones for a combined sum of more than $49,300, a June 2016 event where a thief dressed as an Apple Store employee gained access to the electronics repair room and grabbed 19 iPhones worth $16,130, a November 2016 incident where an Apple Store was robbed of $40,000 worth of items and then attacked again in April 2017 for $24,000 worth of goods, a speedy December 2016 robbery that took 12 seconds to complete, and another December 2016 attack where multiple individuals drove a car into a store through the front glass door and proceeded to steal an unspecified number of displayed items.
 The devices on display in stores are equipped with special demo versions of their respective operating systems. iOS devices prevent passcodes from being enabled and Mac computers revert to original state after a reboot. Additionally, in case of theft, a security measure renders devices useless, by activating a "kill switch" disabling them once out-of-reach of the store's Wi-Fi network.


"PC Gamer" felt that while the game was very strange, it was beaten in its strangeness by other On-Line games such as "Psycho Killer" and "The Town With No Name".

(meta data) TITLE: Saturday Crapshoot: The Rocky Horror Show | PC Gamer

(meta data) AUTHOR: https://www.facebook.com/pcgamermagazine

(meta data) PUBLISHER: https://www.facebook.com/pcgamermagazine

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The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20190402113710/https://www.pcgamer.com/saturday-crapshoot-the-rocky-horror-show/

# Saturday Crapshoot: The Rocky Horror Show

Every week, Richard Cobbett rolls the dice to bring you an obscure slice of gaming history, from lost gems to weapons grade atrocities.

This week, it's just a jump to the left, and a step to the right.

But it's the stupid puzzles that really drive you insane...

Well, my brain just dribbled out of my ears.

The Rocky Interactive Horror Show, to give this game its full name, isn't really a game.

It's that feeling you get when you know the sick is coming at some point, guaranteed, with only one difference - at least then, you can just lie in bed and groan.

Let's get it over with quickly, shall we?

The Rocky Horror Show is a cult phenomenon, which translates roughly as "Everyone knows it's shit, but lots of people dig it anyway."

It's the story of a wholesome 50s couple, Brad and Janet, who stumble on a scary house full of the kind of people Gomez and Morticia Addams would be reluctant to invite for dinner, and get sucked into a chaotic whirlpool of sex, music and Tim Curry.

Eventually it turns out that everyone in the house is an alien and the house is a spaceship and oh god, just read the Wikpedia synopsis if you don't already know, because the game is more than enough for one page.

On the off-chance it's not obvious, no, not a fan.

Feel free to comment about how wrong that is, but bear in mind that all I shall hear is the buzzing of infinite bees.

On the other hand, it does have Christopher Lee in it, and Christopher Lee in a game is at least a novelty.

(In case you're some cultural ignoramus, he's the guy who played the mad scientist in Gremlins 2 , and also some other roles.)

Yes, you did indeed just see Christopher Lee describe sexual lubricant.

The Rocky Interactive Horror Game (which is based on an older one for ZX Spectrum and similar platforms) is an adventure that's a bit like Dizzy, if Dizzy was cheerfully confused about his sexuality and had to explore a house full of condom dispensers, deathtraps and fireballs.

You play as either Brad ("Bounder!") or Janet ("Cad!"), with the other getting captured by Frank, Columbia, Magenta and their clan and turned into stone.

To rescue them, you need to collect all the pieces of the Demedusa machine.

The catch isn't that in just 30 minutes, the house is going to blast off into space forever.

It's that extra-terrestrial abduction is the least of your problems...

This is a game where nothing - nothing - makes sense.

To get one of the bedroom keys, you fill a glass with alcohol.

A crucial object is hidden from you unless you find a pair of leather panties in the attic and put them on a skeleton in the dungeon.

There's a door with a security camera over it, but it doesn't actually connect to anything - you can walk through, but it's just the equivalent of a closet.

There's a key hidden in a fish, and a robot Elvis guarding a condom machine.

It gets to the point where finding a portrait of Dr. Frank-N-Furter with a pair of lips where his crotch should be, from which you pluck that tube of KY jelly that Mr. Lee discussed above, is almost refreshingly logical and straight-forward.

Part of the problem is that there aren't any clues.

Brad and Janet only communicate in grunts and squees, shrugging if you hit the action key at the wrong time.

You have to be pixel-perfect with their positions though, with no distinction between "That doesn't do anything" and "I can't do anything with that" or "You're just hitting Space on everything in increasing desperation, aren't you?"

Christopher Lee's occasional interruptions are the closest the game ever gets to helping you out, countered by writer and Crystal Maze host Richard O'Brien getting his own set - not as Riff-Raff, his character from the movie, but as the Game Devil, whose job is to lead you astray by eating all the scenery , lying, and laughing.

He also shows up on a digital jukebox, performing some oddly low-key solo versions of the musical's songs.

Here's how the opening bits of the game play out.

Imagine every paragraph that follows dripping out of your screen incredibly slowly, with whatever you press to scroll down doing so as if submerged in treacle.

That's your character movement, right there.

Starting outside with 30 minutes on the clock, you obviously try to walk up to the front door.

You just get a shrug from your digitised character, who incidentally looks like they're waiting for Scorpion and Liu Kang to step in and challenge them to Mortal Kombat.

With time of the essence, obviously, Brad and Janet saunter at a casual pace around the mansion - in this case, to the left, where a wedding invitation is lying on the ground for no apparent reason.

"Marriage, to Transylvanians, is a deeply alien concept," baritones Christopher Lee.

Nevertheless, put it through the letterbox and the servant Riff-Raff spontaneously unlocks the door to let you in.

Why not take you prisoner as well, like they did your partner?

All you get is Richard O'Brien smirking "You'll just love it in here," as you enter, and noting of Riff-Raff, "He won't hurt you.

This turns out to be... actually, I'm not entirely sure.

The thing is, a little like the classic adventure Maniac Mansion, you're an intruder in a house full of crazies, and the family randomly shows up at various points to try and catch you.

Sometimes, that's fatal - but all that happens if you die to them is that they carry you to an infirmary, where you wake up absolutely fine.

The only penalty is that you lose time getting back to what you were doing, and there's not much of it to spare.

You only have 30 minutes to finish the game, give or take a few refills.

The rest of the time, they steal your clothes.

They rip 'em off and put them somewhere else in the mansion, but otherwise completely ignore you.

While in your underwear - boxer shorts for Brad, pretty much a complete second set of clothes for Janet - you move at a snail's pace and aren't able to interact with anything due to embarrassment.

Unlike the original story, there's no big party or anything going on to cause this, mind.

Once dressed-down, the aliens completely ignore their guests, rendering the whole thing about as hedonistic and sexually charged as a game of Strip Solitaire.

Mostly, you're left to wander at will, aside from the locked doors in your path and their bizarre hidden keys.

If you're lucky, there's a vague connection between things.

A fridge in the basement for instance has a dial that opens a secret passageway behind a Coke machine.

That's one of the clearer cases of cause and effect.

Once behind it, you find Eddie on his motorbike, sitting in a giant freezer underneath what can only be described as an ice beam.

If you hesitate, he runs you over without a second thought.

To stop him, you have to hold up... a speeding ticket found in a totally different part of the mansion?

For no reason, this stops him, giving you time to activate the ice-beam and create frozen Meat Loaf.

What makes Rocky Interactive Horror Show hurt so much is that there's just - just - enough of a hint that the designers actually had a reason for this stuff in mind.

If it was completely random, it would be okay.

As it is, you find yourself trying to follow the logic even after solving a puzzle.

Why for instance is the key to a wine cellar in a salt pot?

Why does the arrangement of shoes in Magenta's room translate to a code in the house's guest room.

Why does Riff-Raff have a disco, and why does dancing the Time Warp in it open a secret compartment containing a disembodied brain?

And do none of these people have any sense of hygiene?

The one really cool thing this game does is something normally overlooked - the graphical border.

As time ticks away, it slowly morphs, piece by piece, from a dark, gothic interface of naked statues and gravestones into a 50s era spaceship.

Several transitions get their own special animations, like a little gremlin crawling out of its house to make way for something more sciencey.

Of course, that not being strange enough, you subsequently find that you can turn the clock back by stamping on bugs for absolutely no reason, or picking up bouncing lips that cause the characters to spontaneously orgasm if they're in their pants at the time.

Them, but thankfully not Christopher Lee...

The scary thing about Rocky Horror is that as strange as it is, it's not the strangest thing that publishers On-Line were willing to put their name on over the years.

While not particularly prolific, it also released two legendarily awful games called Psycho Killer , and The Town With No Name.

Overall, Rocky Horror makes considerably more sense than this - its basic existence, not just its contents.

At least there had to be a few fans willing to buy it purely on a whim, right?

As a game in its own right, this is obviously abysmal.

As a Rocky Horror game... well, it's tacky, it's stupid, it's badly made, it seems to actively hate its audience, and you'd have to be absolutely crazy to really get into it.

On those terms, I guess you'd have to call it a roaring success.

I can even see fans treating it as some kind of test of devotion.

If you can ever stand to hear Science Fiction again after having it looped in awful MIDI format, you're a true fan worthy of... praise?

I have some intense not-playing-this-ever-again to get back to.

#### Borderlands 2 was ahead of its time

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"Muzik" noted the title offered audiovisual delights that may surprise the player. David Freeman of Rocky Horror fansite TimeWarp felt it would appeal to Rocky fans but wouldn't convert anyone to the franchise, and praised the title's graphics. Bonusweb praised the musical motifs for adding to the game's comic atmosphere. Meztomagic deemed the game a novelty with a lot of charm. IGN felt the game had merit on a kitsch level, but that it wasn't particular impressive at an adventure game.


Esophageal webs are thin membranes occurring anywhere along the esophagus.

(meta data) TITLE: Esophageal Webs and Rings: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

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Author: Xaralambos Zervos, DO, MS; Chief Editor: Julian Katz, MD more...

Rings and webs are the most common structural abnormalities of the esophagus.

The terminology, pathogenesis, and treatment of these esophageal lesions remain controversial.

The terms rings and webs often are used interchangeably in the literature.

The pathogenesis and treatment of esophageal rings and webs are evolving.

Most of these structural lesions are asymptomatic but can cause dysphagia.

This review attempts to provide a practical update on esophageal rings and webs and to discuss their definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care.

An esophageal ring is defined as a concentric, smooth, thin (3-5 mm) extension of normal esophageal tissue consisting of 3 anatomic layers of mucosa, submucosa, and muscle.

An esophageal ring can be found anywhere along the esophagus, but it usually is found in the distal esophagus.

Three types of esophageal rings exist, and they are classified alphabetically as A, B, and C, as illustrated below.

Diagram of A, B (Schatzki), and C rings in the distal esophagus.

The B ring marks the proximal border of a hiatal hernia.

The A ring is uncommon and represents a muscular ring several centimeters proximal to the squamocolumnar junction (SQJ).

This muscular ring is not a fixed structure and may only be demonstrated in some barium swallows.

It is located approximately 1.5 cm proximal to the SQJ, and it is rarely symptomatic.

Some debate surrounds the existence of the A ring as a separate entity.

Hirano et al described a unique manometric pattern of peristaltic, high-amplitude, long-duration, and multiple peaked esophageal contractions in 3 men with A rings.

The most famous and common ring in the esophagus is the B ring or Schatzki ring, as depicted below.

[2] By definition, the Schatzki ring is a web because it is composed of only mucosa and submucosa.

Typically, the Schatzki ring is located at the SQJ, and it marks the proximal margin of a hiatal hernia.

Autopsy examinations support that the free margin of the Schatzki ring marks the SQJ.

Because of the difficulty in accurately locating the SQJ, the lower esophageal sphincter, and the lower esophageal ring during swallowing, the exact anatomic relationship between the esophageal ring and the SQJ remains controversial.

Schatzki ring with a distal hiatal hernia.

Some authors believe the Schatzki ring is a protective barrier against gastroesophageal reflux (GER), while others, such as Winters et al, question the protective nature of rings.

[3] A common complication of Schatzki ring is food impaction, as shown below.

Meat (chicken) impaction within a Schatzki ring.

Esophageal rings usually exist as a single lesion but can be multiple, as shown below.

Several names have been coined for when multiple rings are found in the esophagus, including multiple esophageal rings or webs, congenital esophageal stenosis, ringed esophagus, corrugated esophagus, and feline esophagus.

Multiple esophageal rings found throughout the entire esophagus.

In 1944, Templeton first described the esophageal ring as a weblike membranous ring in the lower esophagus.

[4] Prior to 1953, all webs were found in infants and children and were believed to be congenital.

In 1953, the term ring became popularized because of its association with dysphagia.

During this time, Ingelfinger and Kramer as well as Schatzki and Gary separately reported a group of adults older than 50 years with x-ray findings of a ringlike narrowing at the distal esophagus associated with intermittent dysphagia particularly occurring after swallowing solid foods.

[5, 6] Poorly chewed meat can impact at a distal esophageal ring, leading to the term "steakhouse syndrome."

Ingelfinger and Kramer reported 6 cases of esophageal rings, and examination of 1 of these rings following esophageal resection revealed a circle of hypertrophied muscle underlying normal esophageal mucosa.

[5] Schatzki and Gary reported 5 cases with interesting findings, all of which were associated with a hiatal hernia on x-ray film.

[6] Partial excision of one of these rings exhibited involvement of mucosa and submucosa only.

In 1968, a subsequent analysis of 64 pathologic cases of lower esophageal rings by Miller and Wichern showed that none of the rings had muscle wall involvement, except for the 1 case from Ingelfinger and Kramer.

The C ring is a rare anatomic finding on radiographic studies referring to the indentation caused by the diaphragmatic crura.

An esophageal web is a thin (2-3 mm), eccentric, smooth extension of normal esophageal tissue consisting of mucosa and submucosa that can occur anywhere along the length of the esophagus but is typically located in the anterior postcricoid area of the proximal esophagus.

An upper esophageal web (arrow) in a patient with Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

Upper gastrointestinal series showing upper esophageal webs (small arrows) in a patient with Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

Incidental finding of a small Zenker diverticulum (large arrow).

The pathophysiology of esophageal rings and webs is controversial.

Several theories have been proposed for the formation of esophageal webs and rings.

These include etiologies related to congenital origin, iron deficiency, developmental abnormality, inflammation, and autoimmunity.

Rings and webs may represent a remnant of embryologic development in which the esophagus fails to recanalize completely.

In children, fragments of cartilage in esophageal ring-like structures similar to trachea have been described.

Fonkalsrud and Anderson reported ciliated pulmonary epithelium and bronchial remnants in resected specimens; however, the fact that most patients with symptoms present when they are older than 40 years suggests that rings and webs alone do not produce any symptoms.

Publications in pediatric radiology have suggested that Schatzki rings are more common in children than once thought.

Most children are asymptomatic, and, thus, they are probably far less detected than indicated.

These findings might support the theory that the pathophysiology of the rings contains a congenital factor.

The link between iron deficiency and esophageal webs remains controversial.

Evidence for this theory is limited by the uncertainty in the duration of iron deficiency necessary for web formation.

Another challenge to this theory is that most esophageal webs are asymptomatic.

In rabbits that were iron deficient, histologic examination of esophageal muscle revealed muscle fiber abnormalities.

This histologic finding suggests that myasthenic changes in esophageal muscles may lead to dysphagia.

In patients with postcricoid webs and Plummer-Vinson syndrome (PVS), histologic findings of hyperplasia degeneration of mucosa have been reported and attributed to iron deficiency.

Okamura hypothesized that mucosal degeneration can lead to a cascade of decrease in swallowing, restriction of esophageal wall dilation, repetitive tissue injury and healing, and, eventually, permanent esophageal mucosal changes, such as a web.

[11] Chisholm and associates observed 72 patients with postcricoid webs for 15 years and found iron deficiency in 90%.

[12] However, an epidemiologic study by Elwood et al failed to show a correlation between iron deficiency and cervical esophageal webs.

Other nonsupportive studies include the equal likelihood of esophageal webs in patients who are iron deficient and in controls, lack of anemia in most patients with esophageal webs, and resolution of dysphagia but not webs following iron therapy.

Further, Chisholm reported only a 10% prevalence of esophageal webs in patients who were iron deficient.

[12] Studies are needed to determine if the duration or severity of iron deficient anemia influences web formation with or without dysphagia.

Esophageal rings have been postulated to occur during development when a pleat of mucosa is formed by infolding of redundant esophageal mucosa due to shortening of the esophagus.

The cause for the repeated plication is unknown.

Inflammatory cells can be found in biopsy specimens of esophageal rings and webs.

These inflammatory cells are more common in distal esophageal lesions than in proximal esophageal lesions.

The presence of neutrophils suggests an acute inflammatory response to a variety of insults, including GER, medications, caustic ingestion, radiation, and trauma.

Eosinophil infiltration suggests a cause from GER, allergic response (food), and idiopathic eosinophil gastroenteritis.

The finding of lymphocytes and plasma cells suggests chronic inflammation.

Autoimmune diseases have been associated with esophageal webs and include thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, graft versus host disease, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, psoriasis, blistering skin diseases, and pernicious anemia.

Patients with PVS have elevated thyroid cytoplasmic autoimmune antibodies of unknown significance.

No other autoimmune antibodies have been associated with esophageal webs.

More studies are needed to support this casual association.

The cause of esophageal rings and webs remains controversial and can be classified as congenital or acquired.

Acquired causes of lower esophageal rings include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), caustic ingestion, pill-induced inflammation, and mediastinal radiation; an association also exists with some skin diseases.

Acquired causes for esophageal webs include PVS, iron deficiency anemia, celiac sprue, inlet patch, graft versus host disease, and skin diseases.

GERD has been studied as a cause of lower esophageal rings.

Symptomatic esophageal rings typically present when an individual is older than 40 years, suggesting that chronic injury from GERD may be involved in the pathogenesis.

Although lower esophageal rings are thinner structures than peptic strictures and have no surrounding inflammation, they may be part of the spectrum of GERD-related injury.

In a small retrospective study using endoscopy and barium radiography, Chen et al demonstrated a progression of normal mucosa or lower esophageal ring to peptic stricture in some patients.

In another study using endoscopy or ambulatory pH monitoring, Marshall et al found GER in 13 of 20 (65%) consecutive patients with symptomatic lower esophageal rings.

[16] Most Schatzki rings are associated with a hiatal hernia, suggesting that GERD may be involved in their pathogenesis.

With regard to esophageal motility, Chen et al found no relationship between lower esophageal rings and esophageal dysmotility or lower esophageal sphincter hypotension.

[15] Evidence exists that acid suppression prevents recurrent symptoms in patients with peptic strictures.

Similar studies are needed to demonstrate the effects of acid suppression on symptomatic lower esophageal rings.

However, a study by Ott and associates using ambulatory pH monitoring found no difference in abnormal distal esophageal acid exposure in patients with hiatal hernia and lower esophageal rings compared to those with hiatal hernia alone.

Patients with evidence of Schatzki rings commonly present with gastric acid symptomatology.

It has been speculated that acid suppression may reduce the recurrence of Schatzki rings.

Dilation followed by acid suppression treatment reduced the risk of recurrence, even in patients without previous reflux symptoms.

Sgouros et al observed 44 consecutive patients who underwent dilation of Schatzki rings.

[18] Esophageal manometry and pH studies revealed that 14 had objective evidence of GERD, all of whom were treated with omeprazole.

The remaining patients were randomly assigned to omeprazole or placebo.

There were no recurrences of Schatzki rings in the group with documented GERD during a mean follow-up of 43 months.

Recurrence rates were also significantly lower in the group without objective evidence of GERD who were randomized to omeprazole.

Smith et al evaluated 336 patients with peptic esophageal strictures that were randomized to omeprazole (20 mg daily) or ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) for 1 year after esophageal dilation to 12-18 mm.

[19] Subsequent endoscopy and dilation was performed when clinically indicated.

The omeprazole-treated patients required significantly fewer repeated dilation sessions (30% vs 46%) and had improved dysphagia scores compared to the ranitidine-treated group.

The ingestion of alkaline or acidic agents can cause caustic injury to the esophagus.

Severe injuries have occurred from ingestion of alkaline agents, such as lye, sodium and potassium hydroxides in oven cleaners, washing detergents, Clinitest tablets, cosmetics, soaps, and button batteries.

Ingestion of caustic agents can lead to esophageal stricture.

Milder injuries have occurred from ingestion of alkaline agents, such as sodium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, and bleaches (sodium, calcium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide).

Toilet bowel cleaners (sulfuric, hydrochloric), antirust compounds (hydrochloric, oxalic), battery fluids (sulfuric), and slate cleaners (hydrochloric) can cause acid injuries.

Esophageal strictures from caustic injury develop in 15-38% of cases and occur as early as 2 weeks after caustic exposure.

Uncommon causes of lower esophageal rings include pill-induced esophagitis, rare skin disorders, such as epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, and mediastinal radiation.

The association between iron deficiency and esophageal webs is controversial.

Chisholm and Jacobs supported this association in 2 case series of 72 and 63 patients.

[12, 20] However, a careful epidemiologic study by Elwood failed to show a correlation between iron deficiency and cervical esophageal webs.

[13] Less controversy is found between iron deficiency and dysphagia without webs.

Iron deficiency clearly can precede dysphagia.

Chisholm and Bredenkamp et al noted resolution of dysphagia but not webs after iron supplementation.

PVS or Paterson-Brown-Kelly syndrome is characterized by postcricoid or upper esophageal webs eccentrically attached to the anterior wall of the esophagus and iron deficiency anemia.

Other associated features of PVS are koilonychia, cheilosis, and glossitis.

Webs are believed to arise in iron deficiency states.

Pharyngeal and cervical esophageal cancers have been associated with PVS.

Periodic screening for esophageal cancer in patients with PVS is recommended because of its malignant potential.

Celiac disease or gluten-sensitive enteropathy is characterized by small intestinal malabsorption.

Histologic examination reveals a flat mucosal surface with complete absence of normal intestinal villi.

Because iron is absorbed predominantly in the proximal small intestine, iron absorption is impaired in celiac disease.

Dickey and McConnell described 2 patients with PVS and chronic iron deficiency anemia who were found to have celiac disease by histology.

[22] Dickey and McConnell hypothesized that iron deficiency from celiac disease is the primary cause of upper esophageal webs and PVS.

Heterotropic gastric mucosa can occur throughout the esophagus, and it is termed an inlet patch if it occurs in the proximal esophagus.

The typical location of an inlet patch is usually right below the cricopharyngeal muscle at approximately 20-25 cm from the incisors.

Inlet patch has been observed in 2.8% and 3.5% of consecutive endoscopies.

On biopsy, corpus-fundic or antral-type mucosa is observed, sometimes containing parietal cells capable of acid secretion.

Inlet patches are usually incidental findings, and most cases are believed to be clinically insignificant.

Rarely, an esophageal ring and web can be found at the distal margin of the inlet patch, presumably from exposure to acid secretion.

Postcricoid esophageal web and an inlet patch (arrows outlining the border).

Upper esophageal webs have been reported in patients with chronic graft versus host disease after bone marrow transplantation.

The mechanism is believed to be the accretion of desquamated esophageal epithelium.

Caution is advised when performing endoscopy in patients with esophageal webs and graft versus host disease because of an increased risk of perforation.

Several skin diseases have been reported in association with esophageal webs, including mucous membrane pemphigoid (cicatricial pemphigoid), epidermolysis bullosa, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and psoriasis.

An autoimmune process is believed to be the cause of these associations.

Other esophageal disorders have been reported to be associated with esophageal webs, including Zenker diverticulum, as shown below, and esophageal duplication cyst.

The pathogenesis for these associations is unknown.

Upper gastrointestinal series showing upper esophageal webs (small arrows) in a patient with Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

Incidental finding of a small Zenker diverticulum (large arrow).

In patients with multiple esophageal rings, acquired causes include GER and eosinophilic esophagitis.

Wong and associates reported abnormal distal esophageal acid exposure in 7 of 9 (77%) patients by ambulatory pH monitoring.

Siafakas et al reported a case of multiple esophageal rings in an 8-year-old boy with histologic eosinophilic esophagitis who responded to an elimination diet and in whom antireflux treatment failed.

In a study by Remedios et al, of the patients enrolled, 19 were treated with swallowed fluticasone propionate for 4 weeks' duration; endoscopic biopsy specimens featured prominent eosinophilic mucosal invasion.

[24] The patients all reported symptoms of dysphagia prior to enrollment.

Eleven patients demonstrated complete resolution of symptoms, and all had marked improvement.

Four patients demonstrated complete resolution of eosinophil infiltration, and, overall, 18 patients showed significant improvement, according to their biopsy follow-up results.

The true prevalence of esophageal rings and webs is unknown because most of these lesions are asymptomatic.

Lower esophageal rings are found in 6-14% of routine barium radiographs for various reasons.

In patients with dysphagia, esophageal webs can be found in 5-15% by barium radiography.

For patients with multiple esophageal rings and webs or congenital esophageal stenosis, esophageal webs and rings are estimated to occur in 1 in 25,000 to 1 in 50,000 live births.

Race-, sex-, and age-related demographics

To date, no studies have compared racial prevalence; however, esophageal rings and webs appear to predominantly affect white individuals.

Wong et al reported 13 patients with multiple esophageal rings, and all were white.

[14] Larger studies are needed to support this observation.

Esophageal rings do not demonstrate a sex preference, but esophageal webs are found mostly in female patients.

The reason for this gender difference is unknown, but population studies suggest iron deficiency, particularly in menstruating females, may be a cause.

However, for unknown reasons, multiple esophageal rings are found predominantly in young males.

Rings and webs have been identified in all age cohorts.

Patients do not typically become symptomatic until after the age of 40 years.

Dysphagia is a very common occurrence in the elderly.

Oropharyngeal and dental problems may exacerbate symptomatic rings in the elderly, as their ability for mastication and swallowing have deteriorated.

The international prevalence is unknown.

The prognosis in patients with mild symptoms is excellent, because most respond to dietary modifications and change in eating habits.

Patients with refractory dysphagia usually respond to mechanical esophageal dilation.

Patients with recurrent dysphagia after dilation usually respond to repeat dilation.

Most patients with esophageal rings and webs are asymptomatic.

Schatzki reported a direct correlation between the luminal diameter of an esophageal ring and patients' symptoms.

Almost all patients with an esophageal lumen less than 13 mm have dysphagia.

Patients with esophageal lumen from 13 to -20 mm may or may not have dysphagia, and if the luminal diameter is greater than 20 mm, dysphagia is rare.

Spontaneous perforation of the esophagus is also rare, but it has been reported.

Intermittent dysphagia to solid food is the most common complication.

Food impaction, particularly of meat products, is common in patients with lower esophageal rings.

Signs of esophageal obstruction are dysphagia and an inability to swallow secretion.

This is a medical emergency, and prompt endoscopy with removal of the obstructed food bolus is warranted.

Intravenous glucagon is not an effective therapy.

To prevent aspiration, barium studies are contraindicated in patients with suspected food impaction.

Spontaneous esophageal perforations have been reported for both esophageal webs and rings.

The subgroup of patients who may be at risk of this rare complication is unclear.

Esophageal rings may progress to a stricture, possibly due to underlying GERD.

Aggressive GERD management may be needed.

For unknown reasons, patients with PVS are at a higher risk of esophageal carcinoma.

Celiac disease may present as PVS. Test for antigliadin and antiendomysial antibodies.

Duodenal biopsy is recommended in patients with PVS.

The following are 3 phases of treatment for patients with symptomatic esophageal rings or webs and chronic GERD:

Phase 1 - Lifestyle modification; weight reduction to ideal body weight; raise the head of bed by 6 inches; stop tobacco and alcohol use; avoid eating less than 2 hours prior to bedtime; limit intake of peppermint, spearmint, spicy food, tomato products, caffeine, and greasy food

Phase 2 - Medical treatment with either an H2-receptor antagonist or a proton pump inhibitor

Instruct patients with dysphagia to change their diet and eating habits.

Patients should eat slowly, chew their food carefully, avoid alcohol, and cut food into smaller pieces.

For patient education resources, see Heartburn and GERD Center, Digestive Disorders Center, and Cancer Center, as well Acid Reflux (GERD), Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Anemia , and Esophageal Cancer (Cancer of the Esophagus).

Clinical and manometric features of the lower esophageal muscular ring.

Is the Schatzki ring a unique esophageal entity?.

Winters GR 3rd, Maydonovitch CL, Wong RK. Schatzki's rings do not protect against acid reflux and may decrease esophageal acid clearance.

Templeton FE. X-Ray Examination of the Stomach: A Description of the Roentgenologic Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of the Esophagus, Stomach, and Duodenum.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1944. 106-112.

Ingelfinger FJ, Kramer P. Dysphagia produced by a contractile ring in the lower esophagus.

Dysphagia due to a diaphragm-like localized narrowing in the lower esophagus (lower esophageal ring).

"Steakhouse syndrome": the symptomatic lower esophageal ring.

Lower esophageal rings, webs, and annular strictures.

Esophageal stenosis due to tracheobronchial remnants.

Anderson LS, Shackelford GD, Mancilla-Jimenez R, et al.

Cartilaginous esophageal ring: a cause of esophageal stenosis in infants and children.

Esophageal web in Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

Chisholm M, Ardran GM, Callender ST, et al.

Iron deficiency and autoimmunity in post-cricoid webs.

Elwood PC, Jacobs A, Pitman RG, Entwistle CC.

Epidemiology of the Paterson-Kelly syndrome.

Esophageal manometry, 24-hour pH monitoring and clinical characteristics in 12 adults with multiple esophageal.

Correlation of lower esophageal mucosal ring and lower esophageal sphincter pressure.

Marshall JB, Kretschmar JM, Diaz-Arias AA.

Gastroesophageal reflux as a pathogenic factor in the development of symptomatic lower esophageal rings.

Correlation of lower esophageal mucosal ring and 24-h pH monitoring of the esophagus.

Sgouros SN, Vlachogiannakos J, Karamanolis G, et al.

Long-term acid suppressive therapy may prevent the relapse of lower esophageal (Schatzki's) rings: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

A comparison of omeprazole and ranitidine in the prevention of recurrence of benign esophageal stricture.

Importance of iron repletion in the management of Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

Dickey W, McConnell B. Celiac disease presenting as the Paterson-Brown Kelly (Plummer-Vinson) syndrome.

Multiple esophageal rings: an association with eosinophilic esophagitis: case report and review of the literature.

Remedios M, Campbell C, Jones DM, et al.

Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: clinical, endoscopic, histologic findings, and response to treatment with fluticasone propionate.

Single dilation of symptomatic Schatzki rings.

A prospective evaluation of its effectiveness.

Hubert G, Patrice T, Foultier MT, et al.

[Dysphagia and Schatzki ring: treatment using the Nd-YAG laser in 14 patients].

Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1990. 14(2):186-7.

The Optical Dilator: a clear, over-the-scope bougie with sequential dilating segments.

Practice patterns in the management of patients with esophageal strictures and rings.

Topical corticosteroid treatment of dysphagia due to eosinophilic esophagitis in adults.

Buckley K, Buonomo C, Husain K, Nurko S. Schatzki ring in children and young adults: clinical and radiologic findings.

Burdick JS, Venu RP, Hogan WJ. Cutting the defiant lower esophageal ring.

Natural progression of the lower esophageal mucosal ring.

Chisholm M. The association between webs, iron and post-cricoid carcinoma.

Chisholm M, Ardran GM, Callender ST, et al.

A follow-up study of patients with post-cricoid webs.

Lower esophageal (Schatzki's) ring: pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy.

Ekberg O, Nylander G. Webs and web-like formations in the pharynx and cervical esophagus.

Feldman M, Scharschmidt BF, Zorab R, eds.

Caustic injury to the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management.

Late results in patients with Schatzki ring treated by endoscopic electrosurgical incision of the ring.

The syndrome of anemia, glossitis, and dysphagia.

Krevsky B, Pusateri JP Jr. Laser lysis of an esophageal web.

Gastrointest Endosc. 1989 Sep-Oct. 35(5):451-3.

Idiopathic eosinophilic esophagitis: A new cause of "feline" esophagus (abstract).

Omeprazole versus H2-receptor antagonists in treating patients with peptic stricture and esophagitis.

Its relationship to iron deficiency and postcricoid carcinoma.

Morrow JB, Vargo JJ, Goldblum JR, Richter JE.

The ringed esophagus: histological features of GERD.

Nihoul-Fekete C, De Backer A, Lortat-Jacob S, Pellerin D.

The clinical significance of cervical esophageal and hypopharyngeal webs.

Practice patterns in the management of patients with esophageal strictures and rings.

Remedios M, Campbell C, Jones DM, et al.

Eosinophilic esophagitis in adults: clinical, endoscopic, histologic findings, and response to treatment with fluticasone propionate.

Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1956 Feb. 75(2):246-61.

Pharyngeal and upper esophageal dysphagia.

Esophageal webs; a report of 58 cases & an attempt at classification.

Fragility of the esophageal mucosa: a pathognomonic endoscopic sign of primary eosinophilic esophagitis?.

Esophageal rings, webs, and diverticula.

Waldmann HK, Turnbull A. Esophageal webs.

Webb WA, McDaniel L, Jones L. Endoscopic evaluation of dysphagia in two hundred and ninety-three patients with benign disease.

Yamada T, ed. The esophagus, anatomy, physiology and disease.

Baltimore, Md: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1991. 540.

Diagram of A, B (Schatzki), and C rings in the distal esophagus.

The B ring marks the proximal border of a hiatal hernia.

Schatzki ring with a distal hiatal hernia.

Meat (chicken) impaction within a Schatzki ring.

Multiple esophageal rings found throughout the entire esophagus.

An upper esophageal web (arrow) in a patient with Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

Upper gastrointestinal series showing upper esophageal webs (small arrows) in a patient with Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

Incidental finding of a small Zenker diverticulum (large arrow).

Postcricoid esophageal web and an inlet patch (arrows outlining the border).

###### Contributor Information and Disclosures

Xaralambos Zervos, DO, MS Assistant Program Director, Hepatology Fellowship, Florida Hospital Transplant Center; Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine

Xaralambos Zervos, DO, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, American Gastroenterological Association, American Medical Association, American Osteopathic Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal EndoscopyDisclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Nikolaos T Pyrsopoulos, MD, PhD, MBA, FACP, AGAF Chief of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Director of Liver Transplantation, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School

Nikolaos T Pyrsopoulos, MD, PhD, MBA, FACP, AGAF is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, American Society of Transplantation, American Liver Foundation, International Liver Transplantation Society, Transplantation Society, American Gastroenterological Association, American Medical AssociationDisclosure:

Received consulting fee from Gilead Sciences for consulting.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug ReferenceDisclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment.

BS Anand, MD Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine

BS Anand, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, American Gastroenterological Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal EndoscopyDisclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Julian Katz, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine

Julian Katz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, American Gastroenterological Association, American Geriatrics Society, American Medical Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, American Trauma Society, Association of American Medical Colleges, Physicians for Social ResponsibilityDisclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Waqar A Qureshi, MD, FRCP(UK), FACP, FACG, FASGE Professor of Medicine, Chief of Endoscopy, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine

Waqar A Qureshi, MD, FRCP(UK), FACP, FACG, FASGE is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, American Gastroenterological Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal EndoscopyDisclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Simmy Bank, MD Chair, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Long Island Jewish Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine

encoded search term (Esophageal Webs and Rings) and Esophageal Webs and Rings

Right Aortic Arch in Vascular Ring Defects

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Share cases and questions with Physicians on Medscape consult.


Loggerheads Country Park is a country park in the village of Loggerheads, Denbighshire, Wales.

(meta data) TITLE: Loggerheads Country Park at Loggerheads Denbighshire

Loggerheads Country Park with its beautiful wooded river valley, dramatic cliffs and outcrops is great for a short stroll or an ideal place to start exploring the Clwydian Range.

It has a well marked Discovery Trail and easily accessible pathways around the park and to the hills and valleys beyond.

Loggerheads was an important lead mining area and evidence of this industrial past still remains partially hidden within this beautiful woodland.

The left path follows the line of the old water course built to carry water for the mining operations - following the whole length of the Alyn Valley and often perched high on the steep cliffs.

Many activities take place in and around Loggerheads Country Park, from abseiling in Devil's Gorge (see Activities and Services) to family activities, guided walks and practical tasks.

The free booklet 'Out and About in Denbighshire's Countryside' has details of events throughout the year - Easter Egg Hunts, Meet the Ancestors at Sunset, Dry stone walling, and much more.

Contact the Country Park for the booklet or further information.

The Clwydian Range Centre is an ideal place to gather information about the Clwydian Range Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

It is open every day except Christmas Eve and Christmas Day.

Caffi Florence is open every day and serves Fair Trade drinks, homemade soups, lunches and traditional afternoon teas.

Caffi Florence is open 7 days a week, 10AM - 5PMLoggerheads Country ParkRuthin Road, Nr Mold CH7 5LHGrid Ref: SJ200628

DirectionsTake the A494 between Mold and Ruthin.

At Loggerheads village turn off almost opposite the We Three Loggerheads Inn, signposted Loggerheads Country Park and turn sharp right into the drive leading to the car park.

Castles Heather and Hillforts Historic Houses Loggerheads Country Park Moel Famau

Moel Findeg Offa's Dyke Sacred Places Towns And Villages

Town: Llangollen Town: Denbigh Town: Mold

Copyright @ 2019 - Clwydian Range Tourism Group

(meta data) TITLE: Loggerheads Country Park - Go North Wales

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Use this tool to build your own journey or choose from an exciting range of specially selected tours.

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You are here: Things To Do > Loggerheads Country Park

Vanessa Warringtonc/o Denbighshire Countryside ServicesLoggerheads, Nr MoldMoldDenbighshireCH7 5LH

The Countryside Centre is an ideal place to gather information about the Clwydian Range Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

It is open every day throughout the Summer and weekends in Winter.

Moel Famau is one of the highest hills within the Clwydian range.

Foel Fenlli is the second highest peak in the Clwydian Range.

Located in Northop, overlooking the Dee Estuary, the Welsh College of Horticulture

Perched on top of a hill, all roads into Ruthin seem to lead to St Peter's Square in the…

15th Century Timber Hall House and newly restored walled gardens dating for Medieval…

Wales' oldest timbered town house, recently restored to reflect 7 periods of its history

Explore Ruthin Gaol - one of North Wales' most fascinating buildings.

Wepre Park is an ancient woodland rich in wildlife and history.

Largest craft and antique centre in North Wales.

On the outskirts of Ruthin is the famous St Dyfnog Church, Llanrhaeadr-yng-Nghinmeirch, a

St Dyfnog's Holy well is also nearby, though it is a very simple site today, the well was…

Gladstone's Library is more than just a library.

Take a stroll around the award winning gardens of Brynford Pet Cemetery and discover a

Welcome to Oriel Bodfari Gallery, a contemporary art gallery and ceramics workshop based…

The Hawarden Estate Farm Shop is a café, food hall, butchery, deli, events space and…

The Boardroom is one mighty fine indoor climbing venue.


In 2010, Andre 3000 was featured on Ciara's remix for her hit single "Ride", from the album "Basic Instinct".

(meta data) TITLE: New Music: Ciara f/ André 3000 & Bei Maejor – 'Ride (Remix)' | Rap-Up

(meta data) PUBLISHED DATETIME: 2010-06-11T00:32:59-0700

# New Music: Ciara f/ André 3000 & Bei Maejor – 'Ride (Remix)'

André 3000 may not have been cleared by Jive Records to appear on Big Boi's solo album, but he did get the OK to jump on the remix to his labelmate Ciara's "Ride."

CiCi is back in the driver's seat with the reclusive OutKast member riding shotgun as they whip through the fast lane.

Producer-singer Bei Maejor puts the wheels in motion with a reworked beat.

Download: Ciara f/ André 3000 & Bei Maejor – "Ride (Remix)"

### Fantasia Announces Tour with Robin Thicke and Tank

Fantasia is bringing Rock Soul on the road this fall.

The R&B songstress has announced a North American tour featuring supporting …

### SZA Says New Album Is Coming 'Soon as F**k'

SZA fans have been patiently waiting for new music, but they won't have to wait much longer.

### 50 Cent Denies Wendy Williams Entry to His Party

Wendy Williams showed up to 50 Cent's party, but she wasn't on the guest list.

### 50 Cent and Birdman Joke About Buying $9 Million Bugatti

50 Cent may be looking up to upgrade his custom Lamborghini.

Bugatti recently unveiled its latest limited-edition model.

### 50 Cent Says He Has a 'Drug Problem' After Smoking with Snoop Dogg

50 Cent has an addiction thanks to Snoop Dogg.

During his Tycoon Pool Party in New Jersey over the weekend, the …

### Bon Iver's Justin Vernon Regrets Calling Out Eminem on Twitter

Eminem came under fire last year for dissing Tyler, the Creator on his Kamikaze album.

### Video: Young Thug feat. Gunna - 'Surf'

Hot off the release of So Much Fun, Thugger keeps the celebration going in the

### Listen to XXXTentacion's '#PROUDCATOWNERREMIX' Featuring Rico Nasty

The estate of XXXTentacion is set to release a deluxe edition of his chart-topping sophomore album ? next …

### Irv Gotti Says NFL Made JAY-Z 'Look Like a Pawn'

While Cardi B thinks JAY-Z's partnership with the NFL is a good move, Irv Gotti doesn't seem to agree.

### Black Eyed Peas, Alicia Keys, Shakira, & John Legend Kick Off 2010 FIFA World Cup

The Black Eyed Peas helped get the global party started at the 2010 FIFA World Cup Kick-Off Celebration Concert at

### New Music: Kelly Rowland – 'Rose Colored Glasses'

Kelly Rowland has selected two new U.S. singles from her forthcoming third album.

Urban radio will receive "Grown Woman," …

During the recording of "Stankonia" OutKast and Mr. DJ began producing tracks for the artists on their Aquemini Records imprint through Columbia, including Slimm Cutta Calhoun and Killer Mike, who made his debut on "Stankonia's" "Snappin' & Trappin."
 In 2002, OutKast participated in the only Dungeon Family group album, "Even in Darkness", along with Goodie Mob, Killer Mike, Sleepy Brown, Witchdoctor, and Backbone among others, and featuring Bubba Sparxxx, Shuga Luv and Mello. In 2002, the group and Killer Mike contributed the lead single "Land of a Million Drums" to the "Scooby-Doo" soundtrack"."
 On February 27, 2011, it was announced that Big Boi is creating a joint album along with  Killer Mike and fellow Atlanta rapper  Pill. Later that day, Big Boi posted on his Twitter account that he was mixing Killer Mike's album entitled, "PL3DGE".


He defeated Bahujan Samaj Party candidate Nirmesh Mangal by a margin of 68,361 votes.

(meta data) TITLE: Maharajganj Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs

Upcoming Assembly Elections - Check Here

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Elections » Uttar Pradesh Elections » Uttar Pradesh Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Elections Result » Maharajganj Assembly Constituency, Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh Parliamentary Constituencies

# Maharajganj (Uttar Pradesh) Election Results 2017

Once upon a time, Bengaluru was called City of Lakes, now most of the lakes are polluted, being encroached upon: P C @PCMohanMP while discussion on Motion of Thanks on Read More

Congress leader in Lok Sabha, Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury: Did you manage to catch anybody in 2G & coal allocation scam? Did you manage to send Sonia Gandhi ji & Rahul Read More

Don't know how long Congress-JD(S) govt in Karnataka will survive: Deve Gowda

Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 Live Updates Exit Poll by Various Pollsters – Click Here Check Live Election Results 2019 – State Wise & Constituency Wise 21:09:15

केंद्रीय Read More

When we set out on the 2019 journey, the scenario was quite fuzzy.

The opposition parties were resurgent after the 2018 Assembly Elections.

Congress was brimming over with confidence, and Read More

Lok Sabha Election Exit Poll 2019 – Live Updates

The mega 7-phase Lok Sabha elections are just a few hours away from conclusion with the voting in last phase scheduled Read More

Previous Phases Live Voter Turnout 2014 vs 2019 – Assembly Constituency Wise Phase 5 | Phase 6 | Phase 7 Live Voter Turnout 2014 vs 2019 | Phase 7 Read More

Phase 7 Live Voter Turnout – 2014 vs 2019 – Segement Wise

Seventh Phase Live Voter Turnout – 2014 vs 2019 Previous Phases Voter Tunrout – Phase 5 | Phase 6 | Total Turnout – Phase 7 – 65.06% Read More…

WILL BJP CREATE HISTORY AND BEAT THE 300 MARK? – Phase 7 Opinion Poll

PHASE 7 LIVE UDPATES – CLICK HERE When we gave out our first opinion poll before the start of the Elections 2019, we had projected 271 seats for BJP.

Click to view : UP Civic Election Results

## About Maharajganj Assembly Constituency

Maharajganj is constituency No. 318 of Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly.

It is situated in Maharajganj district in Purvanchal region of the state.

It comes under Maharajganj Lok Sabha constituency.

The Maharajganj assembly seat is reserved for scheduled castes.

According to data with the Election Commission of India, Maharajganj has 3,53,007 registered voters.

It comprises 1,90,636 male and 1,62,371 female registered voters.

The Samajwadi Party won this seat by 36,155 votes in the 2012 Assembly elections.

Sudama, the winning Samajwadi Party candidate, got 84,581 votes.

The nearest contender was Nirmesh Mangal of BSP who got 48,426 votes.

## Sitting and previous MLAs from Maharajganj Assembly Constituency

Below is the list of winners and runners-up in the Maharajganj assembly elections conducted so far.

1991192Maharajganj(SC)Ram Payre (Azad)MBJP38529Sri PatiMJD25988

WestGENRam Swarup VishardMINC17453Ram Saran SinghMBJS7707

Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections Results

Kanojiya has been a member of the 17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh. Since 2017, he has represented the Maharajganj constituency and is a member of the Bhartiya Janata Party.


They also came to the defense of pianist Valentina Lisista, whose online remarks disparaging the Ukrainian government led to the cancellation of a planned concert at the Toronto Symphony Orchestra.

(meta data) TITLE: We defend Valentina Lisitsa's freedom of speech denouncing Ukraine's HR violations – SWEDHR

# We defend Valentina Lisitsa's freedom of speech denouncing Ukraine's HR violations

##### Statement by Swedish Doctors for Human Rights, 26 Oct 2015

The issue of Valentina Lisitsa's upcoming concert in Norrköping has been raised in two articles in Norrköpings Tidningar (NT).

An spokesperson from the organization "Young Ukrainians in Sweden" put forward in NT his opposition to the pianist's scheduled performance in Sweden of her Beethoven's Piano Concerto.

It certainly is not strange that a Swedish newspaper gives space to a protest like this.

Everyone has the right in Sweden to express his or her opinion – what is call in Sweden, "Yttrandefrihet" (freedom of expression).

Conversely, what it is extremely odd is that "Young Ukrainians in Sweden" utters that they oppose precisely Valentina's right to express her opinions.

Even stranger, to our knowledge, Valentina Lisitsa – which has given concerts in Sweden in several occasions, latest at her debut with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra – has not even mentioned the Ukrainian conflict in connection with these accusations during her visits to Sweden.

For Valentina Lisitsa is not just world famous for her artistic talents; she is also known for her strong condemnation of the perpetrations against human rights in Ukraine.

Especially international attention Her statement in an interview for Deutsche Wirtschafts Nachrichten this year has deserved particular attention.

There, Valentina Lisitsa declared that "members of Azov battalion can be as brutal as IS" and therefore "they are not ordinary Ukrainians."

And maybe just there is to be found the origin of this irritation against the Ukrainian-American Human-Rights' advocate Valentina Lisitsa:

Paul Olavi Kuivanen writes in his article in NT 15/10 that the organization Young Ukrainians in Sweden does not rule out demonstrations against Valentina Lisitsa.

The author quotes spokesperson Andriy Kachur: "Within at Young Ukrainians in Sweden, we plan nothing, but it may happen that it will come people from outside who want make a point."[2]

A former member of the Swedish Army, Mikael Skillt, now a recognized sniper in the above-mentioned Azov battalion, and who according to BBC "in fact his [political] views are typical of a neo-Nazi" [3] was asked recently in Twitter, "What do you mean she [Lisistsa] is not welcome in 'my country'?"

Mikael Skillt replied: "Exactly that, and I just deciding if I should go to Sweden to stir something together."

Swedish Doctors for Human Rights has previously documented human rights violations in Ukraine, in particular the alleged war crimes such as the bombardment of several hospitals in Donbass, or the aerial raids against civilians in Lugansk.

Sweden is not supposed to be a Ukraine; a country whose government has silenced oppositional press and forbidden inconvenient political parties with earlier representation in the Ukrainian parliament.

Shall freedom of speech prevail in Sweden for criticism of human rights violations in Ukraine?

Professor Marcello Ferrada de Noli PhD, Chairman

Professor Anders Romelsjö PhD, Vice Chairman

Professor Marita Troye-Blomberg and Dr Lena Oske, from SWEDHR Board of Directors

Dr Armando Popa, editor SWEDHR Research & Reports

Swedish Doctors for Human Rights (SWEDHR)

[A Swedish version of the statement above was submitted 27/10/15 for publication in Norrköpings Tidningar (NT)]

[1] "Star-Pianistin Lisitsa: „Es gibt Pläne für einen großen Ausverkauf der Ukraine".

Deutsche Wirtschafts Nachrichten, 19/01 2015

[2] Paul Olavi Kuivanens, "Starka reaktioner inför konsert".

[3] Dina Newman, BBC News, " Ukraine conflict: 'White power' warrior from Sweden", 16/7 2014.

[4] Twitter https://twitter.com/MikaelSkillt/status/657622177165000704, 23/10 2015

Felix Gustafsson (@UpcomingFront): What do you mean with "She isn't welcome in MY COUNTRY"?

Mikael Skillt (@MikaelSkillt): Exactly that, and I just deciding if I should go to Sweden to stir something together

Valentina Lisitsa is a world known pianist, born in Ukraine and living with her family in the U.S.

She has distinguished herself not only by her brilliant concert performances all over the world, including Sweden, but also by her outspoken criticism around human rights violations in the ongoing civil war in Ukraine.

For this she has been target of an illegitimate repression, including a last event in Canada where she was denied her right to perform.

Swedish Doctors for Human Rights publishes here an appeal issued by the acclaimed artist on the 7 of April 2015.

The image below correspond to a twitter done by @SWEDHR 7/4/2015.

I have a confession to make and a huge favor to ask all of you.

Over the last year I have been leading a double life.

There was me – a "celebrity" pianist hopping from a concert to a concert, all over the world; learning new pieces, meeting fans, recording, chirping about my happiness in upbeat interviews.

But there was another me: not a musician but a regular human being – a daughter, a mother, a wife.

And this human being was watching helplessly how the country of my birth, of my childhood, of my first falling in love – this country was sliding ever faster into the abyss.

Children die under bombs, old ladies die of starvation, people burned alive

The worst thing that can happen to any country is fratricide war, people seeing each other, their neighbors as enemies to be eliminated.

This is what has befallen my beautiful Ukraine.

You all saw on TV screens all over the world a magnificent revolution, the people of Ukraine raising in fury against their corrupt rulers, for a better life.

But the ruling class doesn't let go easily.

They managed to cunningly channel away the anger, to direct it to other, often imaginable, enemies – and worse, to turn people upon themselves.

Year later, we have the same rich people remaining in power, misery and poverty everywhere, dozens of thousands killed, over a million of refugees.

So, I took to Twitter ( how many of you know I have a Twitter account? LOL) under a name "NedoUkraïnka" – a word roughly meaning "Sub-Ukrainian", a stab at Ukrainian Prime Minister who called Russian-speaking Southern and Eastern Ukrainians "SUBHUMANS"!

I am a subhuman, my husband, my mom….I mastered Ukrainian language perfectly, far better than a so-called "president" of Ukraine.

But I don't speak it to my family, I didn't sing lullabies to my son in Ukrainian, when I sleep I never see the dreams in Ukrainian, when I will be dying my last words will NOT be in Ukrainian….

Sorry, I got carried away telling you those things…

To get back to my story – I took to Twitter in order to get the other side of the story heard, the one you never see in the mainstream media – the plight of my people, the good and bad things that were happening in Ukraine.

I translated news stories from Ukrainian language websites, I translated eyewitness accounts of atrocities….

I became really good in unmasking fakes published by Western media in order to make one side of the civil war look whiter and softer than Easter bunny, and another – as sub-humans, not worthy of mercy, the "collateral damage.

To give you just one example: one of my feats was to confront French fashion magazine "Elle" who published a glowing cover story about women in Ukrainian army.

After the research I have shown to the magazine in my Twitter posts that the "cover girl" they have chosen to show was in fact a horrible person, open Neo-Nazi, racist, anti-Semite who boasted of murdering civilians for fun!

The magazine issued a written public apology.

But with time my activities attracted a lot of vicious haters.

I was a particularly important "target" because of being Ukrainian, thus – a traitor.

I thought I knew hate – my playing on YouTube certainly "attracted" a fair share of hate mail.

Death threats, wishes for my family to die, calling me "paid Kremlin wh*re"…the list goes on and on.

Trying, in their own words, to teach me a lesson, they have now attempted to silence me as a musician.

I am scheduled to play Rachmaninoff Concerto #2 with Toronto Symphony Orchestra this week.

Back in December someone in the orchestra top management, likely after the pressure from a small but aggressive lobby claiming to represent Ukrainian community, has made a decision that I should not be allowed to play.

I don't even know who my accusers are, I am kept in the dark about it.

I was accused of "inciting hatred" on Twitter.

As the "proof" , ironically enough, they presented to the orchestra my tweets containing, of all things, Charlie Hebdo caricatures depicting lying media!!!

We all know what those who can't tolerate free speech did to Charlie Hebdo journalists.

Now, the orchestra based in one of the freest democratic countries is bending over to the same kind of people, helping them to assassinate me – not as a living person yet , but as a MUSICIAN for sure.

Yes, Toronto Symphony is going TO PAY ME NOT TO PLAY because I exercised the right to free speech.

Yes, they will pay my fee but they are going to announce that I will be unable to play and they already found a substitute.

And they even threatened me against saying anything about the cause of the cancellation.

And I thought things like this only happen in Turkey to Fazil Say?

Before you decide to help me – If you wish, please take time and read my tweets.

You might find some of them offensive – perhaps.

The satire and hyperbole are the best literature tools to combat the lies.

Here is what I ask you to do for me, and in defense of freedom even if you disagree with me on politics (LOLl!)

I ask you to raise your voice and tell Toronto Symphony that music can't be silenced.

Or just share a photo I made ( sorry, I made it on my phone, nothing fancy)

If they do it once, they will do it again and again, until the musicians, artists are intimidated into voluntary censorship.

Our future will be bleak if we allow this to happen.

As of April 2017, the organization is unknown to Amnesty International, the Swedish Medical Association, the Swedish Society of Medicine, and the Swedish affiliate of Human Rights Watch.
 The causes taken up by the organization have a strong pro-Russian bias. Aside from their opposition to cooperation between Sweden and NATO, they have compared the violent clashes in Odessa that led to the deaths of 46 pro-Russian activists to the Reichstag fire.


Eppendorf was founded in 1945 by Heinrich Netheler and Hans Hinz in the Hamburg district of Eppendorf on the grounds of the University Hospital Eppendorf, originally as a workshop for medical devices.

(meta data) TITLE: Eppendorf Milestones 1945 – present - Eppendorf Corporate

After 70 years the mission of the company is just as valid and up-to-date as it ever was: our goal is to improve the living conditions of man.

Since 1945 we have succeeded in continually producing high-quality products and technology, integrated as systems which solve problems in a holistic way.

We invite you to follow the successful path of our group of companies over the decades.

Since its founding Eppendorf is known as a premium brand.

Today, the contribution of over 3,300 employees in over 26 countries helps to ensure that Eppendorf is recognized as expert partner in life science laboratories worldwide.

Our vision: We strive to make our customers feel confident and proud when they use our products and services.

On the grounds of the University Hospital Eppendorf Dr. Heinrich Netheler and Dr. Hans Hinz pay a visit to Eppendorf University Hospital, where they introduce themselves and their twenty employees as physicists and engineers eager to do what the country needs most: assist in the reconstruction process and help improve people's living conditions.

With this goal in mind begins the story of the current world market leader Eppendorf.

1946 - Muscle stimulator The muscle stimulator meant a great step forward, not only for neurophysiological and pharmacological research, but also for medical diagnostics and treatment.

In conjunction with Professor Bücher, the Eppendorf photometer was developed for clinical requirements.

It used the principle of spectral lines and thus enabled photometry to be used for routine laboratory applications.

Above all in the UV range, it smoothed the path for enzyme diagnostics.

1961 - Eppendorf develops the microliter system

Scientists used to suck their samples up laboriously into glass tubes with their mouths – until Eppendorf launched a revolutionary invention in 1961: the first piston-stroke pipette.

From then on, this work could be performed much more precisely and rapidly with the micro-liter pipette, with a fraction of the previously required sample volume.

In the years that followed, Eppendorf developed a complete micro-liter system, encompassing reaction tubes, mixers, centrifuges, and pipettes.

1965 - Building the headquarter Eppendorf begins with the construction of its headquarters at Barkhausenweg, Hamburg, Germany.

Today you can find on the site seven manufacturing facilities and offices, a training center and a day care center.

1969 - Automated analyzer Increasingly rapid analysis of a growing number of samples: with its first automated Analyzer 5010, Eppendorf succeeded in fulfilling this demand in medical diagnostics from 1969 onwards.

Chan links were used to feed samples into this device, which was used for rapid and precise measuring of enzyme activity and could handle as many as seven times the number of samples processed by laboratory workers in manual tests.

1974 - „We" at Eppendorf Behind each Eppendorf technology stand competent and motivated employees.

In a holistic approach Eppendorf-teams work together interdisciplinary, creative and application-oriented.

In 1974, the 500th Employee was appointed.

The quality of Eppendorf products speaks for itself: 1976 the export reached 30% of the turnover.

1975 - New plant for the production of consumables

A new plant is inaugurated in Oldenburg, Germany.

Here, high quality comsumables are manufactured in a clean room production.

Today, more than two billion plastic disposable products leave the plant, annually.

1977 - Photometer, microprocessor-controlled Eppendorf was one of the first equipment manufacturers to integrate microprocessor technology in its analysis systems.

(Picture shows the PCP 6121, a programmable photometer.)

1978 - Manual dispenser Eppendorf launched the first Multipette® 4780.

This manual dispenser is still one of Eppendorf's most successful products ever.

The dispenser can discharge liquid not just once, but repeatedy in predefined doses.

The Multipette with Combitips system is one of the leading manual dispensing systems in the world.

The premium quality of Eppendorf products paid off: In 1984, the brand Eppendorf is registered worldwide; over a million pipettes were sold until 1984; the Eppendorf group achieved a turnover of 100 million DM.

With the injection of fluids into individual cells, the cell itself becomes a test tube.

To this end, Eppendorf developed the Microinjector.

(Nobel Prize winner Prof. Georges Köhler at his Eppendorf cell injection workstation.)

1991 - Contamination-free pipetting Using the Eppendorf Biomaster® in conjunction with Mastertips® completely prevents the formation of aerosol, a frequent cause of contamination (e.g. in the amplification of nucleic acids).

With the EDOS® 5222 metering system, Eppendorf created an extremely versatile and high-performance device for all fluid dispensing tasks in the lab.

1994 - Manual multi-channel pipettes The Titerman variable multi-channel pipette which can be calibrated and is for a high sample throughput.

In a single maneuver, it can be converted from an 8-channel to a 12-channel pipette.

1995 - Eppendorf Award for Young European Investigators

The Eppendorf Award for Young European Investigators which comes with a cash prize of €15,000

, has been awarded every year since 1995.

This award honors outstanding achievements and new analytical approaches in the field of biomedical research that apply molecular biology methods.

1996 - Microinjectors The CellTram Air and Oil microinjectors for controlling pressure, for manual microinjection and for dispensing fluids were designed for optimum ergonomics, easy operation and maximum precision.

1997 - International Relations Cooperation and progress are essential features of the company.

In 1997 a holding company in Japan is established.

Marketing offices in England and Austria were founded.

1998 - Photometer The Eppendorf BioPhotometer is a handy measuring device for the rapid and reliable quantitative analysis of ds/ssDNA, RNA, oligonucleotides, proteins and bacterial cell density (turbidity measurements).

1999 - Temperature control ThermoStat plus: Eppendorf has made convenient temperature control of all common laboratory test tubes a concept with the ThermoStat plus - the result is a compact bench-top thermostat using Peltier technology.

2000 - Stock company Eppendorf Eppendorf becomes a stock company and gains extended control functions as a holding.

2001 - Nucleic acid purification The Perfectprep Gel Cleanup Kit was developed for the purification of dsDNA fragments from a wide variety of agarose gels and reaction batches.

2002 - PCR plates One-piece design: Combining polycarbonate and polypropylene for optimum performance.

The mission of Eppendorf has always been to improve the living conditions of their customers.

Nowadays where people spend a lot of their time at work the ergonomics of their tools and the whole work environment is becoming more important for their well-being.

Thus the development of each Eppendorf pipette is based on three spheres that support the health of their customers.

With this new type of tube developed by Eppendorf, Eppendorf for the first time offers the user carefree work with the smallest quantities / concentrations of DNA or a number of proteins.

The Multipette® stream and Xstream are the first electronic hand dispensers to combine simple handling with a broad range of functions.

New Brunswick New Brunswick Scientific joined the Eppendorf group in 2007, enriching our portfolio with a broad spectrum of innovative equipment for culture growth, detection and storage, and expanding our support team to continue our commitment to outstanding customer service.

New Brunswick Scientific manufactures high-quality shakers, CO2 incubators, ultra-low temperature freezers, fermentors and bioreactors.

Known for dependable operation, year after year, New Brunswick equipment is used in a wide range of research and commercial applications, spanning biomedical, environmental, food and cosmetics sciences.

2009 - epGreen: The Nature of the Company Eppendorf launches its epGreen initiative in 2009.

The objective is to further reduce the burdens placed on the environment by the manufacture and use of Eppendorf products.

These efforts are directed toward the entire product life cycle, from development, production, and shipping to use, maintenance, and disposal of old equipment.

2012 - DASGIP Eppendorf acquires DASGIP Group in early 2012.

DASGIP's high quality parallel bioreactors and software solutions nicely complement the current New Brunswick product lines.

The Eppendorf Tubes 5.0 mL are with its matching system of adapters, rotors, racks and accessories are launched on the market.

Two gentlemen in their mid-thirties pay a visit to Eppendorf University Hospital, where they introduce themselves and their twenty employees as physicists and engineers eager to do what the country needs most: assist in the reconstruction process...

Not many innovations set standards and revolutionize application processes, but the Eppendorf Tubes®, also known as the "Eppi™", can certainly claim to be one of them.

The first Eppendorf Tubes® appeared on the market in 1963 and quickly gained popularity in German medical and bioscience...