SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Motor Vehicle Safety Whistleblower 
Act''.

SEC. 2. MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY WHISTLEBLOWER INCENTIVES AND PROTECTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Subchapter IV of chapter 301 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 30172. WHISTLEBLOWER INCENTIVES AND PROTECTIONS.

    ``(a) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Covered action.--The term `covered action' means any 
        administrative or judicial action, including any related 
        administrative or judicial action, brought by the Secretary or 
        the Attorney General under this chapter that in the aggregate 
        results in monetary sanctions exceeding $1,000,000.
            ``(2) Monetary sanctions.--The term `monetary sanctions' 
        means monies, including penalties and interest, ordered or 
        agreed to be paid.
            ``(3) Original information.--The term `original 
        information' means information that--
                    ``(A) is derived from the independent knowledge or 
                analysis of an individual;
                    ``(B) is not known to the Secretary from any other 
                source, unless the individual is the original source of 
                the information; and
                    ``(C) is not exclusively derived from an allegation 
                made in a judicial or an administrative action, in a 
                governmental report, a hearing, an audit, or an 
                investigation, or from the news media, unless the 
                individual is a source of the information.
            ``(4) Part supplier.--The term `part supplier' means a 
        manufacturer of motor vehicle equipment.
            ``(5) Successful resolution.--The term `successful 
        resolution' includes any settlement or adjudication of a 
        covered action.
            ``(6) Whistleblower.--The term `whistleblower' means any 
        employee or contractor of a motor vehicle manufacturer, part 
        supplier, or dealership who voluntarily provides to the 
        Secretary original information relating to any motor vehicle 
        defect, noncompliance, or any violation or alleged violation of 
        any notification or reporting requirement of this chapter which 
        is likely to cause unreasonable risk of death or serious 
        physical injury.
    ``(b) Awards.--
            ``(1) In general.--If the original information that a 
        whistleblower provided to the Secretary led to the successful 
        resolution of a covered action, the Secretary, subject to 
        subsection (c) and under the regulations promulgated under 
        subsection (i), may pay an award or awards to 1 or more 
        whistleblowers in an aggregate amount of not more than 30 
        percent, in total, of collected monetary sanctions.
            ``(2) Payment of awards.--Any amount payable under 
        paragraph (1) shall be paid from the monetary sanctions 
        collected, and any monetary sanctions so collected shall be 
        available for such payment.
    ``(c) Determination of Awards; Denial of Awards.--
            ``(1) Determination of awards.--
                    ``(A) Discretion.--The determination of whether, to 
                whom, or in what amount to make an award shall be in 
                the discretion of the Secretary.
                    ``(B) Criteria.--In determining an award made under 
                subsection (b), the Secretary shall take into 
                consideration--
                            ``(i) if appropriate, whether a 
                        whistleblower reported or attempted to report 
                        the information internally to an applicable 
                        motor vehicle manufacturer, part supplier, or 
                        dealership;
                            ``(ii) the significance of the original 
                        information provided by the whistleblower to 
                        the successful resolution of the covered 
                        action;
                            ``(iii) the degree of assistance provided 
                        by the whistleblower and any legal 
                        representative of the whistleblower in the 
                        covered action; and
                            ``(iv) such additional factors as the 
                        Secretary considers relevant.
            ``(2) Denial of awards.--No award under subsection (b) 
        shall be made--
                    ``(A) to any whistleblower who is convicted of a 
                criminal violation related to the covered action for 
                which the whistleblower otherwise could receive an 
                award under this section;
                    ``(B) to any whistleblower who, acting without 
                direction from an applicable motor vehicle 
                manufacturer, part supplier, or dealership, or agent 
                thereof, deliberately causes or substantially 
                contributes to the alleged violation of a requirement 
                of this chapter;
                    ``(C) to any whistleblower who submits information 
                to the Secretary that is based on the facts underlying 
                the covered action submitted previously by another 
                whistleblower; or
                    ``(D) to any whistleblower who fails to provide the 
                original information to the Secretary in such form as 
                the Secretary may require by regulation.
    ``(d) Representation.--A whistleblower who makes a claim for an 
award under subsection (b) may be represented by counsel.
    ``(e) No Contract Necessary.--No contract with the Secretary is 
necessary for any whistleblower to receive an award under subsection 
(b).
    ``(f) Appeals.--
            ``(1) In general.--Any determination made under this 
        section, including whether, to whom, or in what amount to make 
        an award, shall be in the discretion of the Secretary.
            ``(2) Appeals.--Any determination made by the Secretary 
        under this section may be appealed by a whistleblower to the 
        appropriate court of appeals of the United States not later 
        than 30 days after the determination is issued by the 
        Secretary.
            ``(3) Review.--The court shall review the determination 
        made by the Secretary in accordance with section 706 of title 
        5, United States Code.
    ``(g) Protection of Whistleblowers; Confidentiality.--
            ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding section 30167, and 
        except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3) of this 
        subsection, the Secretary, and any officer or employee of the 
        Department of Transportation, shall not disclose any 
        information, including information provided by a whistleblower 
        to the Secretary, which could reasonably be expected to reveal 
        the identity of a whistleblower, except in accordance with the 
        provisions of section 552a of title 5, United States Code, 
        unless and until required to be disclosed to a defendant or 
        respondent in connection with a public proceeding instituted by 
        the Secretary or any entity described in paragraph (3). For 
        purposes of section 552 of title 5, United States Code, this 
        paragraph shall be considered a statute described in subsection 
        (b)(3)(B) of that section.
            ``(2) Effect.--Nothing in this subsection is intended to 
        limit the ability of the Attorney General to present such 
        evidence to a grand jury or to share such evidence with 
        potential witnesses or defendants in the course of an ongoing 
        criminal investigation.
            ``(3) Availability to government agencies.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Without the loss of its status 
                as confidential in the hands of the Secretary, all 
                information referred to in paragraph (1) may, in the 
                discretion of the Secretary, when determined by the 
                Secretary to be necessary or appropriate to accomplish 
                the purposes of this chapter and in accordance with 
                subparagraph (B), be made available to the following:
                            ``(i) The Department of Justice.
                            ``(ii) An appropriate department or agency 
                        of the Federal Government, acting within the 
                        scope of its jurisdiction.
                    ``(B) Maintenance of information.--Each entity 
                described in subparagraph (A) shall maintain 
                information described in that subparagraph as 
                confidential, in accordance with the requirements in 
                paragraph (1).
    ``(h) Provision of False Information.--A whistleblower who 
knowingly and willfully makes any false, fictitious, or fraudulent 
statement or representation, or who makes or uses any false writing or 
document knowing the same to contain any false, fictitious, or 
fraudulent statement or entry, shall not be entitled to an award under 
this section and shall be subject to prosecution under section 1001 of 
title 18.
    ``(i) Regulations.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
enactment of the Motor Vehicle Safety Whistleblower Act, the Secretary 
shall promulgate regulations to implement the requirements of this 
section.''.
    (b) Rule of Construction.--
            (1) Original information.--Information submitted to the 
        Secretary of Transportation by a whistleblower in accordance 
        with the regulations to implement the requirements of section 
        30172, United States Code, shall not lose its status as 
        original information solely because the whistleblower submitted 
        the information prior to the effective date of the regulations 
        if that information was submitted after the date of enactment 
        of this Act.
            (2) Awards.--A whistleblower may receive an award under 
        section 30172, United States Code, regardless of whether the 
        violation underlying the covered action occurred prior to the 
        date of enactment of this Act.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--The table of contents of subchapter IV 
of chapter 301 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at 
the end the following:

``30172. Whistleblower incentives and protections.''.
Motor Vehicle Safety Whistleblower Act - Prescribes certain whistleblower incentives and protections for motor vehicle manufacturer, part supplier, or dealership employees or contractors who voluntarily provide the Secretary of Transportation (DOT) information relating to any motor vehicle defect, noncompliance, or any violation of any notification or reporting requirement which is likely to cause unreasonable risk of death or serious physical injury. Authorizes the Secretary to pay awards to one or more whistleblowers in an aggregate amount of up to 30% of total monetary sanctions collected pursuant to an administrative or judicial action resulting in aggregate monetary sanctions exceeding $1 million. Prohibits an award to any whistleblower who knowingly and willfully makes false representations. Subjects such a whistleblower to criminal penalties.
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