Statistical data: The statistical **data** include average annual rainfall (2018), average annual temperature (2018), number of days with wind and sand wind speed ≥10 m/s (2018), annual evaporation (2018), groundwater mineralization and groundwater burial depth. Meteorological **data** were mainly obtained from 22 meteorological stations around the Three Gorges Reservoir area by the Chinese Meteorological Science Data Sharing Service Available online: http://data.cma.cn/site/index.html (accessed on 17 January 2020). According to each weather station, the inverse distance interpolation (IDW) method of ArcGIS was used to convert meteorological statistics into a raster image of meteorological **data** in the study area. Groundwater mineralization and groundwater depth of burial **data** were obtained by querying the statistical yearbooks of different districts and counties in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.