To appraise the accuracy of the extracted defect parameters , we calculated the uncertainty associated with the application of Equations ( 2)-(4 ) to the measured PICTS data ( Table S5 , Supporting Information ) . We found that the uncertainty in the extracted defect energies is on average equal to 25 meV across all sample types and smaller than 60 meV in all cases ( Table S5 , Supporting Information ) . Moreover , the uncertainty associated with the extraction of the capture cross - sections and volumetric concentrations is on average within a factor of 2 - 4 and generally smaller than one order of magnitude - i.e. , a comparatively narrow range considering the ≈10 orders of magnitude over which these parameters may vary .