All emergency TAEs were performed by 5 interventional radiologists with at least 3 years of experience in performing TAEs, after a collegial discussion between the interventional radiologist, the intensive-care physician, and the surgeon. After local anesthesia with 5% lidocaine, the right common femoral artery was accessed. First, global aortography was performed with a Pigtail 5F probe and a hydrophilic guidewire (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan). Then, a catheterization of the artery feeding the bleeding was performed with a Cobra 5F probe, and a 2.7F supraselective microcatheteter (Progreat, Terumo ® , Tokyo, Japan) was used at the discretion of the interventional radiologist. TAEs were performed under fluoroscopic monitoring using micro coils (Interlock and IDC, Boston ® Scientifics), N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Glubran ® GEM, Viareggio, Italy), gelatine sponge (Gelitaspon ® ), or microparticles (Embosphere ® , Microspheres, BioSphere Medical, Rockland, MA, USA), depending on the location of the active bleeding, the intensity of the active bleeding, the presence of collateral arteries, the clinical severity, and the habits of the interventional radiologist. In the absence of active bleeding, an empirical TAE could be performed in case of hemodynamic instability based on the **data** from the preoperative MDCT. Complete fluoroscopic angiography controls were performed in order to confirm that bleeding had been successfully controlled. After the treatment, the introducer was sutured to the skin and removed the following day if there was no recurrence of bleeding. After TAE, all patients were monitored closely in the ICU for clinical signs and symptoms that were potentially suggestive of ischemic complication or recurrent bleeding until discharge or death.