Recently the PAMELA experiment observed an unexpected rise with energy of the e + /(e + +e − ) fraction in cosmic rays, suggesting the existence of a new component. The sharp rise suggests that the new component may be visible in the e − + e + spectrum. As worked out in [1] and further stressed in [2], FERMI provides the first precise measurement of the e + + e − spectrum. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the implications of the first FERMI e + + e − **data** [3], in conjunction with the new HESS measurements [4].