In terms of seasonality, there are notable and region-specific variations in ΔCloud from both MODIS and MSG **data** ( Fig. 2 and Supplementary Fig. 8). The maximum cloud effects appear in local summer for most areas of the northern hemisphere (JJA, June to August) and the mid-latitudes of the southern hemisphere (DJF, December to February). In the tropics, this occurs during the dry-wet transition, consistent with existing evidence 16,18,31,32 , cloud inhibition in the Amazon is stronger during the dry season (May to November) than in the wet season, although their timings of maximum effect differ (September for MODIS and July for MSG). Interestingly, cloud inhibition in Central Africa exhibits a larger effect during the dry season in MSG **data** (predominant JJA) but during the wet season in MODIS **data** (mixed JJA and MAM). In temperate regions, cloud inhibition in the Southeast US is larger in summer, while cloud enhancement in Europe shows a slight decline during the snow-free period.