For child BMI, tests for interactions showed that child gender did not significantly modify the cross-lagged effects between feeding practices and child BMI in any model. Therefore, the constrained models for **data** Note. S-Bχ 2 : Satorra-Bentler χ 2 for ΔS-Bχ 2 : Satorra-Bentler difference χ 2 Δdf: difference in degrees of freedom between nested models Δp: p-value for ΔS-Bχ 2 Positive involvement na na −0.07 0.15* *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 na: not applicable because the interaction between child gender and feeding practice was not significant pooled across child gender are reported. All models included parental BMI, SES, Spanish language acculturation, child pubertal status, and child age as covariates. Models for mothers' restriction, mothers' use of food to control behavior, and fathers' pressure revealed significant cross-lagged effects between feeding practices and child BMI, and had adequate fit. (See Additional file 1 for figures and fit statistics.) Parental feeding practices did not significantly predict child BMI in any of these models. However, child BMI predicted several parental feeding practices. Child greater BMI at BL predicted mothers' greater restriction at Yr1 (β = 0.18). Child greater BMI at Yr1 predicted mothers' less use of food to control behavior (β = -0.14) and fathers' less pressure to eat (β = -0.21) at Yr2.