Furthermore, the crystallite size of NC 1 as compared to TZP-pure was determined using the **data** obtained by XRD analysis [48] following the Scherrer Equation (1):
 D = Kλ βcosθ(1)
 where D = average size of crystallite size, K = Scherrer constant "(i.e., 0.68 to 2.08, 0.94 for spherical crystallites with cubic symmetry)", λ = wavelength of X-ray, CuKa2 = 1.5406 Å, β = the line broadening at FWHM in radians which describes the transmission characteristics of an optical band-pass filter and θ = Bragg's angle.