Two alternatives were placed before the Russian society – the alternatives of two distinct and opposing social classes. Capitalism and socialism were two distinct perspectives which were placed not merely against each other, but primarily, together and more fundamentally, against the then Russian society. ###>L’alternative placée devant la société russe était celle entre deux classes sociales distinctes et adverses, l’une ayant le capitalisme pour perspective, l’autre le socialisme, mais toutes les deux opposées à la société russe de leur époque.