They find that there is a positive and significant spillover effect, but that the effect differs by gender and population group (whites, blacks, and Hispanics), as well as educational status. ###>Ils constatent l'existence d'un effet de débordement positif et significatif, dont l'ampleur varie selon le sexe, le groupe (Blancs, Noirs et personnes d'origine hispanique) et le niveau de scolarité atteint.