Unless a collective acts for the benefit of rights owners who have already authorized it to act on their behalf when it files the proposed tariff of royalties, the filing is invalid. ###>/D FDSDFLWp GH OD 6&3&3 GH VH UpFODPHU GH WRXW OH UpSHUWRLUH DGPLVVLEOH La «chaîne de titres», ainsi qu'on l'a parfois appelée, soulevait deux questions.