<s>[INST] What Are the Replacement or Repair Procedures? [/INST] There are a variety of techniques that are used to repair or replace valves:

Aortic valve replacement—treats narrowing and/or leakage of the aortic valve.
Root-enlarging procedure—effective in smaller aortic valves
Aortic root replacement—used in connective tissue disorders, large aortic root aneurysms, endocarditis or aortic dissections
Valve-sparing root surgery—usually used for young patients with intact aortic valves and isolated disease of the aortic root who wish to avoid blood-thinning medications
Stented biological aortic valve replacement
Stentless biological aortic valve replacement
Homograft mitral valve surgery—typically performed for mitral valve disease. Leaflet repair through patching of holes or tears in the valve leaflets and/or by reconstructing leaflets to rebuild the native valve
Ring annuloplasty—a ring attached to the tissue around the valve, to provide the support needed for the valve to close tightly
Tricuspid valve surgery—which includes a variety of techniques, is used to treat leakage and safely repair tricuspid valve disorders Source: BRIGHAM AND WOMENS. Link: https://www.brighamandwomens.org/heart-and-vascular-center/diseases-and-conditions/heart-valve-disease. Field: Cardiovascular. Disease: Heart Valve Disease </s>