<s>[INST] Who is at risk for developing TB disease? [/INST] Many people who have latent TB infection never develop TB disease. While not everyone with LTBI will develop TB disease, about 5–10% will develop TB disease over their lifetimes if not treated. Progression from untreated LTBI to TB disease is estimated to account for approximately 80% of U.S. TB cases. Some people who have LTBI are more likely to develop TB disease than others. People at high risk for developing TB disease generally fall into two categories:

Those who have been recently infected with TB germs
Those with medical conditions that weaken the immune system including:
HIV infection
Substance use (such as injection drug use)
Specialized treatment for rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn’s disease
Organ transplants
Sever kidney disease
Head and neck cancer
Diabetes
Medical treatments such as corticosteroids
Silicosis
Low body weight
Children, especially those under age 5, have a higher risk of developing TB disease once infected. Source: CDC. Link: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/faqs/tb-qa.htm. Field: Lung Disease. Disease: Tuberculosis </s>