<s>[INST] How does the artificial kidney work? How big is it? [/INST] The implantable bioartificial kidney is about the size of a coffee cup and consists of two main components that work together to get rid of wastes. First, the hemofilter, or blood filter, processes incoming blood to create “ultrafiltrate” that contains dissolved toxins, sugars, and salts. Second, a bioreactor containing kidney cells processes the ultrafiltrate and concentrates it into “urine,” which is directed to the bladder. Source: UC San Francisco. Link: https://pharm.ucsf.edu/kidney/device/faq. Field: Nephrology. Disease: Kidney Disease </s>