<s>[INST] Types of Heart Valve Disease [/INST] Heart valve disease involves two main types of malfunctions: regurgitation (valvular leakage) and stenosis of heart valves (narrowing of the valve). More than five million Americans are diagnosed with one of these types of heart valve disease each year.

With a leaky valve, the heart valve does not completely close, causing the blood to flow backward. This valvular leakage forces the heart to pump more blood on the next beat, making it work harder.
During stenosis, the valve opening becomes narrowed and limits the flow of blood out of the ventricles or atria. This causes the heart to pump blood with increased force to move blood through the narrowed or stiff (stenotic) valve.
Heart valves can develop both regurgitation and stenosis at the same time and more than one heart valve can be affected at once. When heart valves fail to open and close properly, the implications for the heart can be serious, possibly hampering the heart's ability to pump blood adequately through the body. This can lead to a variety of complications, including heart failure. Source: BRIGHAM AND WOMENS. Link: https://www.brighamandwomens.org/heart-and-vascular-center/diseases-and-conditions/heart-valve-disease. Field: Cardiovascular. Disease: Heart Valve Disease </s>