<s>[INST] What is the Most Common Heart Valve Disease? [/INST] Valvular heart disease can happen to any of the four heart valves, but the mitral valve is the one most often impacted by heart disease problems. Common heart valve disease issues:

Mitral valve prolapse: Considered the top culprit for heart valve disease, mitral valve prolapse leads to a leaky mitral valve, allowing mitral regurgitation, where blood flows back into the left atrium from the left ventricle and increases pressure in the left atrium.
Mitral valve stenosis: Another common issue stems from the mitral valve. When there's a narrowing of the valve, blood flow is restricted from the left atrium to the left ventricle. This issue forces the left atrium to overwork and can cause congestion in the lungs and potential failure of the right ventricle.
Aortic stenosis: The narrowing of the aortic valve limits blood from the left ventricle to the aorta, forcing the left ventricle to work harder to pump blood throughout the body, potentially leading to a thickening of the left ventricle.
Aortic regurgitation: A leakage of the aortic valve sends blood leaking into the ventricle from the aorta, worsening pressure on the left ventricle and causing lung congestion. Source: BRIGHAM AND WOMENS. Link: https://www.brighamandwomens.org/heart-and-vascular-center/diseases-and-conditions/heart-valve-disease. Field: Cardiovascular. Disease: Heart Valve Disease </s>