Recently, however, <cite>Hirschberg and Litman (1993)</cite> have presented rules for classifying cue phrases in both text and speech. <cite>Hirschberg and Litman</cite> pre-classi ed a set of naturally occurring cue phrases, described each cue phrase in terms of prosodic and textual features, then manually examined the data to construct rules that best predicted the classi cations from the features.