As for assumption (ii), previous work (Xing et al., 2015;<cite> Artetxe et al., 2017)</cite> has achieved some success using an orthogonal transformation; recently, however, demonstrated that monolingual embedding spaces are not approximately isomorphic and that there is a complex relationship between word form and meaning, which is only inadequately modeled by current approaches, which for example cannot model polysemy. Nevertheless, we will show that imbuing our model with these assumptions helps empirically in §6, giving them practical utility.