In<cite> Caliskan et al. (2017)</cite> H o is tested through a permutation test, in which X ∪ Y is partitioned into alternative target listsX andŶ exhaustively and computing the one-sided p-value p[s(X,Ŷ , M, F ) > s(X, Y, M, F )], i.e. the proportion of partition permutationsX,Ŷ in which the test statistic s(X,Ŷ , M, F ) is greater than the observed test statistic s(X, Y, M, F ).