<cite>Miwa and Bansal (2016)</cite> , who exploit end-to-end LSTM neural networks with local optimization, and L&J (2014) and M&S (2014) refer to Li and Ji (2014) and Miwa and Sasaki (2014) , respectively, which are both globally optimized models using discrete features, giving the top F-scores among statistical models. 7 Overall, neural models give better performances than statistical models, and global optimization can give improved performances as well.