In previous work , we have reported some preliminary success in aligning the English and Japanese versions of the AWK manual (Aho, Kernighan, Weinberger (1980) ), using charalign<cite> (Church, 1993)</cite> , a method that looks for character sequences that are the same in both the source and target. In general, this approach doesn't work between languages such as English and Japanese which are written in different alphabets.