By contrast, syntax based approaches <cite>(Zhu et al., 2010</cite>; Woodsend and Lapata, 2011) do not distinguish between optional and obligatory arguments. For instance<cite> Zhu et al. (2010)</cite> simplifies (3C) to (3S) thereby incorrectly deleting the obligatory theme (gifts) of the complex sentence and modifying its meaning to giving knights and warriors (instead of giving gifts to knights and warriors).