This property can be used in the first bigram decod1While we have built n-gram-backoff LMs directly from the 37M-word standardized WSJ training text material, in these experiments all results are reported using the 5k or 20k, bigram and tfigram backoff LMs provided by Lincoln Labs<cite> [ 19]</cite> as required by ARPA so as to be compatible with the other sites participating in the tests.