Language understanding is modeled as the task of converting natural language questions into queries through intermediate logical forms, with the popular two approaches including: CCG parsing (Zettlemoyer and Collins, 2005; Zettlemoyer and Collins, 2007; Zettlemoyer and Collins, 2009; Kwiatkowski et al., 2010; Kwiatkowski et al., 2011; Krishnamurthy and Mitchell, 2012; Kwiatkowski et al., 2013; Cai and Yates, 2013a) , and dependencybased compositional semantics (Liang et al., 2011; <cite>Berant et al., 2013</cite>; Berant and Liang, 2014) .