Both modes offer their advantages: The twostep mode simplifies generation by abstracting away from complex surface syntax and morphology, which can be handled by a handcrafted, domain-independent module to ensure grammatical correctness at all times<cite> (Dušek and Jurčíček, 2015)</cite> , and the joint mode does not need to model structure explicitly and avoids accumulating errors along the pipeline (Konstas and Lapata, 2013) .