The difficulty we are facing is, due to noise in the translations, the conditional probabilities p(y|x s ) and the one in the translated texts p(y|x s ) may be quite different. Consider the following two straightforward strategies of using automatic machine translations: one can translate the original English labeled data (y, x s ) into (y, x t ) in Chinese and train a classifier, or one can train a classifier on (y, x s ) and translate x t in Chinese into x s in English so as to use the classifier. But as the conditional distribution can be quite different for the original language and the pseudo language produced by the machine translators, these two strategies give poor performance as reported in<cite> (Wan, 2009)</cite> .