These rules can be handcrafted grammar rules, such as those of (LangkildeGeary, 2002; Carroll and Oepen, 2005) , created semi-automatically (Belz, 2007) or, alternatively, extracted fully automatically from treebanks (Bangalore and Rambow, 2000; Nakanishi et al., 2005;<cite> Cahill and van Genabith, 2006)</cite> .