Work on MWE identification has leveraged rich linguistic knowledge of the constructions under consideration (e.g., <cite>Fazly et al., 2009</cite>; Fothergill and Baldwin, 2012) , treated literal and idiomatic as two senses of an expression and applied approaches similar to word-sense disambiguation (e.g., Birke and Sarkar, 2006; Hashimoto and Kawahara, 2008) , incorporated topic models (e.g., Li et al., 2010) , and made use of distributed representations of words (Gharbieh et al., 2016) .