3 Problems in previous datasets for Japanese lexical simplification Kajiwara and Yamamoto (2015) followed<cite> Specia et al. (2012)</cite> to construct an evaluation dataset for Japanese lexical simplification. Namely, they split the data creation process into two steps: substitute extraction and simplification ranking. These procedures were the same as for De Belder and Moens (2012) . Spearman's score of this work was lower than that of<cite> Specia et al. (2012)</cite> by 0.064.