In the future, we would like to perform grammar induction based on Equation (8), with gradient descent and posterior regularization techniques (Ganchev et al., 2010 A Comparison to Importance Sampling<cite> (Dyer et al., 2016)</cite> In this appendix we highlight the connections between importance sampling and variational inference, thereby comparing our method with<cite> Dyer et al. (2016)</cite> .