<cite>Schulder et al. (2017)</cite> hypothesize that this phenomenon correlates with shifting, which can be seen as producing a new (negative) end state. Therefore, <cite>they</cite> collect particle verbs containing relevant English particles, such as away, down and out. For our German data we chose the following particles associated with negative end states: ab, aus, entgegen, fort, herunter, hinunter, weg and wider.