To address these problems, preordering (Xia and McCord, 2004; Wang et al., 2007; Xu et al., 2009; Isozaki et al., 2010b; Gojun and Fraser, 2012; <cite>Nakagawa, 2015</cite>) and postordering (Goto et al., 2012 (Goto et al., , 2013 Hayashi et al., 2013 ) models have been proposed.