Most are based on dictionarybased word counting using LIWC (Pennebaker et al., 2007 ) (e.g., Hancock et al. (2007) , Vrij et al. (2007) ), while some recent ones explored the use of machine learning techniques using simple lexico-syntactic patterns, such as n-grams and part-of-speech (POS) tags (Mihalcea and Strapparava (2009) , <cite>Ott et al. (2011)</cite> ). <cite>These</cite> previous studies unveil interesting correlations between certain lexical items or categories with deception that may not be readily apparent to human judges.