These steps result in a significant improvement in F-score over the earlier best result reported in<cite> [Charniak and Johnson 2001]</cite> , where punctuation is included in both the training and testing data of the Switchboard corpus, and a significant error reduction in F-score over the latest best result [Johnson and Charniak 2004] , where punctuation is ignored in both the training and testing data of the Switchboard corpus.