A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Introduction <s> Software-defined networking (SDN) has recently gained unprecedented attention from industry and research communities, and it seems unlikely that this will be attenuated in the near future. The ideas brought by SDN, although often described as a “revolutionary paradigm shift” in networking, are not completely new since they have their foundations in programmable networks and control-data plane separation projects. SDN promises simplified network management by enabling network automation, fostering innovation through programmability, and decreasing CAPEX and OPEX by reducing costs and power consumption. In this paper, we aim at analyzing and categorizing a number of relevant research works toward realizing SDN promises. We first provide an overview on SDN roots and then describe the architecture underlying SDN and its main components. Thereafter, we present existing SDN-related taxonomies and propose a taxonomy that classifies the reviewed research works and brings relevant research directions into focus. We dedicate the second part of this paper to studying and comparing the current SDN-related research initiatives and describe the main issues that may arise due to the adoption of SDN. Furthermore, we review several domains where the use of SDN shows promising results. We also summarize some foreseeable future research challenges. <s> BIB001 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Introduction <s> The idea of programmable networks has recently re-gained considerable momentum due to the emergence of the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm. SDN, often referred to as a "radical new idea in networking", promises to dramatically simplify network management and enable innovation through network programmability. This paper surveys the state-of-the-art in programmable networks with an emphasis on SDN. We provide a historic perspective of programmable networks from early ideas to recent developments. Then we present the SDN architecture and the OpenFlow standard in particular, discuss current alternatives for implementation and testing of SDN-based protocols and services, examine current and future SDN applications, and explore promising research directions based on the SDN paradigm. <s> BIB002 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Introduction <s> Software-defined network (SDN) has become one of the most important architectures for the management of largescale complex networks, which may require repolicing or reconfigurations from time to time. SDN achieves easy repolicing by decoupling the control plane from data plane. Thus, the network routers/switches just simply forward packets by following the flow table rules set by the control plane. Currently, OpenFlow is the most popular SDN protocol/standard and has a set of design specifications. Although SDN/OpenFlow is a relatively new area, it has attracted much attention from both academia and industry. In this paper, we will conduct a comprehensive survey of the important topics in SDN/OpenFlow implementation, including the basic concept, applications, language abstraction, controller, virtualization, quality of service, security, and its integration with wireless and optical networks. We will compare the pros and cons of different schemes and discuss the future research trends in this exciting area. This survey can help both industry and academia R&D people to understand the latest progress of SDN/OpenFlow designs. <s> BIB003
Certain types of application domains rely fully or partially on constrained dynamic networks due to technical, physical or other limitations of financial and regulatory nature. Military and emergency response networks are examples of such application domains, while their study is further motivated due to the nature of the scenarios and areas of their utilization. Four levels of command have been defined across military operations, namely (i) political, (ii) strategic, (iii) operational, and (iv) tactical. The infrastructure serving the three higher levels of command typically relies on comparatively over-provisioned wire-line and wireless networks. Contrary to that, the networks serving the tactical level mainly consist of constrained mobile devices, with self configuring characteristics, and connectivity limitation both locally and towards the infrastructure serving the other levels. In addition to bandwidth limitations and unstable connections, military networks require tailored security solutions, which consequently create additional overhead for the network and can influence the stability of the connections. The capabilities of the nodes are also often limited by low battery life, low storage capacity and limited CPU power. These networks are characterized as Disconnected, Intermittent and Limited networks (DIL) or disruption-tolerant networks (DTN). Trends of data-centric solutions in the civil domain such as Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) execute the network control in a centralized manner, while CPU intensive services are distributed. These principles have the potential of satisfying the network constraints of military networks. Hence, the main idea behind this literature review was to discover how these trends of SDN have been adopted to constrained military networks, and how they can contribute to solve their operational challenges. Although not all types of tactical nodes are constrained, and sections of the network may operate under a non-constrained mode, communication across the tactical network and towards Jarraya et al. BIB001 on SDN taxonomies, research directions, challenges, and recomendations for future work, and Mendonca et al. BIB002 for programmable networks with an emphasis on SDN. Furthermore, Bennesby et al.  provided a study on current approaches for reducing BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) appropriate inter-domain routing convergence delay on the Internet, Hu et al. BIB003 focused specifically on SDN/OpenFlow designs and architectures, while Anderson et al.  analysed resilience supporting mechanisms for SDN.