A THEORETICAL OVERVIEW OF ROAD HUMP EFFECTS ON TRAFFIC SPEED IN RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENTS <s> EFFECTS OF ROAD HUMP ON TRAFFIC SPEEDS <s> By slowing down vehicle traffic, shortening crossing distances, and enhancing motorist and pedestrian visibility, traffic calming treatments may benefit pedestrians who are crossing the street. The effects of selected traffic calming treatments on pedestrian and motorist behavior were evaluated at both intersection and midblock locations. Before and after data were collected in Cambridge, Massachusetts (bulbouts and raised intersection), Corvallis, Oregon (pedestrian refuge island), Seattle, Washington (bulbouts), and Sacramento, California (refuge islands). The key findings include that none of the treatments had a significant effect on the percentage of pedestrians for whom motorists yielded, the treatments usually did not have a significant effect on average pedestrian waiting time, and refuge islands often served to channelize pedestrians into marked crosswalks. The raised intersection in Cambridge also increased the percentage of pedestrians who crossed in the crosswalk. While traffic calming devices have the potential for improving the pedestrian environment, these devices by themselves do not guarantee that motorists will slow down or yield to pedestrians. <s> BIB001 </s> A THEORETICAL OVERVIEW OF ROAD HUMP EFFECTS ON TRAFFIC SPEED IN RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENTS <s> EFFECTS OF ROAD HUMP ON TRAFFIC SPEEDS <s> In the inhabited zones where a large number of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users are expected, like school zones, it is necessary to decrease the speed to such a level that the risk of vulnerability is the lowest possible. One of the commonly accepted and often implemented speed decrease measures is vertical raising of the road pavement (speed bumps, speed humps, etc.). This work shows the influence of speed bumps of different heights (3, 5 and 7 cm) to the decrease of vehicle speed. Speed measurements had been done before speed bumps were installed, 1 day and 1 month after the installation. Applying ANOVA analysis and post hoc analysis, using Tukey-Kramer's multiple comparison test, a comparison was made of mean, 50th percentile and 85th percentile speed, before and after speed bumps setting. It has been shown that there is a significant speed decrease on the places where speed bumps were set, compared to the period before setting. Based on the research results, it was suggested that on the locations where vulnerable road users are extremely endangered, speed bumps 5 and 7 cm high should be set, whereas at less endangered locations speed bumps 3 cm high could be set. Also, it has been shown that the effects of speed bumps on speed decrease are enduring, because there has not been any significant deviation in vehicle speeds neither 1 day nor 1 month after speed bumps setting. <s> BIB002
Various studies on the effects of road humps have concluded that the road hump is an effective measure in significantly reducing the 85th percentile of vehicle speeds, with speed reductions ranging from 10 to 16 km/h    BIB001 BIB002 . As stated in the methodology, the review is focused on the effects of road hump design and spacing on reducing the vehicle speeds. The general perception of residents on the effect of road humps is also briefly discussed, in order to further gauge the effectiveness of road humps in a residential area.