Using mobile service for supply chain management : a survey and challenges <s> Mobile web service : Architecture and classification <s> Chapter 1: Introduction. 1.1 Structure of this Book. Chapter 2: Introduction to XML. 2.1 Markup and Elements. 2.2 Attributes. 2.3 XML Declaration. 2.4 Namespaces. 2.5 Well-Formedness and Validity. 2.6 XML Schema. 2.7 Summary. Chapter 3: Introduction to Service-Oriented Architectures. 3.1 Service-Oriented Architecture. 3.2 Web Services Messaging. 3.3 Web Service Description. 3.4 Web Service Discovery. 3.5 Summary. Chapter 4: Agreement. 4.1 Web Services Addressing. 4.2 Background. 4.3 Purpose of WS-Addressing. 4.4 Mobile Application Example. 4.5 WS-Addressing Core. 4.6 Binding Specifications. 4.7 Conclusions. 4.8 Policy. Chapter 5: Identity and Security. 5.1 Identity and Web Services. 5.2 Security and Web Services. 5.3 Summary. Chapter 6: Liberty Alliance Identity Technologies. 6.1 Liberty Identity Federation Framework (ID-FF). 6.2 Liberty Identity Web Service Framework (ID-WSF). 6.3 Liberty Identity Service Interface Specifications (ID-SIS). 6.4 Summary. Chapter 7: Enabling Mobile Web Services. 7.1 Mobile Web Services Software Development Environment. 7.2 SOA for S60 Platform Architecture. 7.3 A Simple Example. 7.4 Identity Web Services Support. 7.5 Web Service Providers. 7.6 SOA for S60 Platform as a Pluggable Architecture. 7.7 SOA for S60 Platform XML Processing. 7.8 Writing Code for Web Service Consumer Applications. 7.9 Summary. Chapter 8: Summary and Next Steps. Chapter 9: Java Client Development. 9.1 Prerequisites. 9.2 Nokia Web Services Framework for Java Architecture. 9.3 XML Processing in NWSF. 9.4 HelloWS Example. 9.5 Connecting to Web Services. 9.6 Using the Service Database. 9.7 Identity and Security. 9.8 HelloWS.java. 9.9 AddressBook Example. Chapter 10: C++ Client Development. 10.1 Nokia Service Development API. 10.2 Hello Web Service Example. 10.3 NWSF Service Connection Library. 10.4 Sending Messages to a Web Service. 10.5 NWSF Service Manager Library. 10.6 NWSF Service Description Library. 10.7 NWSF and Identity. 10.8 Policy and Services. 10.9 Configuration. 10.10 NWSF Utility Library. 10.11 Description of wscexample Client Code. 10.12 Test Service Code. 10.13 PhonebookEx Example Application. Appendix A: Web Services Standards Organizations. A.1 W3C. A.2 OASIS. A.3 WS-I. A.4 Liberty Alliance. A.5 W3C Document Notice and License. Appendix B: Nokia Web Services Development API - Quick Reference. B.1 Service Connection Library. B.2 Service Manager Library. B.3 Service Description Library. B.5 XML Library. B.6 Utilities Library. Appendix C: References. Chapter 2: Introduction to XML. Chapter 3: Introduction to Service-Oriented Architectures. Chapter 4: Agreement. Chapter 5: Identity and Security. Chapter 6: Liberty Alliance Identity Technologies. Chapter 7: Enabling Mobile Web Services. Chapter 9: Java Client Development. Chapter 10: C++ Client Development. Appendix A: Web Services Standards Organizations. Appendix B: Nokia Web Services Development API - Quick Reference. Index. <s> BIB001 </s> Using mobile service for supply chain management : a survey and challenges <s> Mobile web service : Architecture and classification <s> In order to reduce costs and gain competitive advantages, many companies are offering web services that enable software components to be accessed by their customers and trading partners over the internet. With the latest advances in mobile computing and communication technologies, web services are increasingly used to expose functionalities of many legacy systems so that more business-oriented mobile applications can be developed. In this paper, we first use a generic technical architecture. Then, we provide a classification matrix for grouping various mobile services. The architecture design of an m-service portal is proposed, followed by the description of an m-service prototype in support of e-procurement developed by the authors. Potential enhancement to the m-service portal using agent technology is also discussed. Finally, we suggest some further research issues of dynamic web services in the context of m-service portals and context-aware m-services. <s> BIB002 </s> Using mobile service for supply chain management : a survey and challenges <s> Mobile web service : Architecture and classification <s> Mobile devices and server applications often run on different platforms, which can make integration problematic. Web services might offer a solution, but they typically include XML protocols that are too "heavy" for mobile devices. In this article, we describe agent-based mobile services framework. It uses wireless portal networks and eliminates XML processing on mobile clients. It also offers dynamic service selection and rapid application development and deployment for Web service providers <s> BIB003 </s> Using mobile service for supply chain management : a survey and challenges <s> Mobile web service : Architecture and classification <s> It is now feasible to invoke basic web services on a smart phone due to the advances in wireless devices and mobile communication technologies. While mobile web service clients are common these days, we have studied the scope of providing web services from smart phones. Although the applications possible with Mobile Host are quite welcoming, the scalability of such a Mobile Host is observed to be considerably low. In the scalability analysis of our Mobile Host, we have observed that binary compression of SOAP messages being exchanged over cellular network have greatly improved the performance of the Mobile Host. While binary compression is observed to be very efficient, the mechanism has raised the need for an intermediary in the mobile web service invocation cycle. The paper addresses our mobile web service message optimization scenario, at the enterprise service bus technology based mediation framework, with evaluation results. <s> BIB004 </s> Using mobile service for supply chain management : a survey and challenges <s> Mobile web service : Architecture and classification <s> Due to the astonishing development in memory and processing capabilities of hand held devices such as smart phones, it is not a dream anymore to enable mobile devices not only as conventional web service requesters but even as providers. The willingness and enthusiasm of service providers place abundant services at the disposal. But this abundance makes the efficiency of service discovery a critical issue. Centralized registries have severe drawbacks in such a scenario due to the dynamic and spontaneous nature of mobile peers. In the quest for a more appropriate approach for mobile web service discovery, we observed P2P to share very similar characteristics with behaviors of peers in mobile network. Hence we tried to find alternate mobile web service discovery mechanisms by using the features of the P2P networks like JXTA modules. The scalability analysis of the approach proves that the discovery can scale to the needs of large cellular networks. <s> BIB005 </s> Using mobile service for supply chain management : a survey and challenges <s> Mobile web service : Architecture and classification <s> Use of web services also on mobile devices becomes increasingly relevant. However, realizing such mobile web services based on the standard protocol stack is often inappropriate for resource-restricted mobile devices in dynamic networks. On the other hand, using specialized alternative protocols restricts compatibility with traditional service applications. Thus, existing approaches often do not allow to integrate heterogeneous service instances dynamically, as it is, e.g., required for executing mobile service-based business processes. <s> BIB006 </s> Using mobile service for supply chain management : a survey and challenges <s> Mobile web service : Architecture and classification <s> It is now feasible to host basic web services on a smart phone due to the advances in wireless devices and mobile communication technologies. The market capture of mobile web services also has increased significantly, in the past years. While the applications are quite welcoming, the ability to provide secure and reliable communication in the vulnerable and volatile mobile ad-hoc topologies is vastly becoming necessary. Even though a lot of standardized security specifications like WS-Security, SAML exist for web services in the wired networks, not much has been analyzed and standardized in the wireless environments. In this paper we give our analysis of adapting some of the security standards, especially WS-Security to the cellular domain, with performance statistics. The performance latencies are obtained and analyzed while observing the performance and quality of service of our Mobile Host. <s> BIB007 </s> Using mobile service for supply chain management : a survey and challenges <s> Mobile web service : Architecture and classification <s> Mobile devices are getting more pervasive, and it is becoming increasingly necessary to integrate web services into applications that run on these devices. We introduce a novel approach for dynamically invoking web service methods from mobile devices with minimal user intervention that only involves entering a search phrase and values for the method parameters. The architecture overcomes technical challenges that involve consuming discovered services dynamically by introducing a man-in-the-middle (MIM) server that provides a web service whose responsibility is to discover needed services and build the client-side proxies at runtime. The architecture moves to the MIM server energy-consuming tasks that would otherwise run on the mobile device. Such tasks involve communication with servers over the Internet, XML-parsing of files, and on-the-fly compilation of source code. We perform extensive evaluations of the system performance to measure scalability as it relates to the capacity of the MIM server in handling mobile client requests, and device battery power savings resulting from delegating the service discovery tasks to the server. <s> BIB008 </s> Using mobile service for supply chain management : a survey and challenges <s> Mobile web service : Architecture and classification <s> Service composition enables customizable services to be provided to the service consumers. Since the capabilities and the performances of mobile devices (e.g., smart phone, PDA, handheld media player) have improved, a mobile device can be utilized to interact with external mobile service providers towards providing composite Web service to remote clients. Existing approaches on mobile-hosted service composition are usually platform dependent, and rely on centralized infrastructure. Such approaches are not feasible in an open, mobile infrastructure-less environment, in which networked services are implemented using different technologies, devices are capable of dynamically joining or leaving the network, and a centralized management entity is nonexistent. This paper proposes a solution to enable mobile Web service composition in an open, infrastructure-less environment based on loosely coupled SOA techniques. <s> BIB009 </s> Using mobile service for supply chain management : a survey and challenges <s> Mobile web service : Architecture and classification <s> For many years mobile devices were commonly recognized ::: as Web consumers. However, the advancements in mobile ::: device manufacturing, coupled with the latest achievements in ::: wireless communication developments are both key enablers for ::: shifting the role of mobile devices from service consumers to ::: service providers. This paradigm shift is a major step towards ::: the realization of pervasive and ubiquitous computing. Mobile ::: Web service provisioning is the art of hosting and offering ::: Web services from mobile devices, which actively contributes ::: towards the direction of Mobile Internet. In this paper, we ::: provide the state of the art of mobile service provisioning as ::: it currently stands. We focus our discussions on its applicability, ::: reliability, and challenges of mobile environments and resource ::: constraints. We study the different provisioning architectures, ::: enabler technologies, publishing and discovery mechanisms, and ::: maintenance of up-to-date service registries. We point out the ::: major open research issues in each provisioning aspect. Performance ::: issues due to the resource constraints of mobile devices ::: are also discussed. <s> BIB010 </s> Using mobile service for supply chain management : a survey and challenges <s> Mobile web service : Architecture and classification <s> Mobile devices are evolving as a new computing platform and a common means to provide access and process digital information. In the move to achieve ubiquitous computing, the role of mobile devices and web services cannot be understated. Mobile devices are predominantly in use for accessing web services. The same mobile devices are now becoming a feasible option for small and medium size enterprises to host and provide personalized web services to clients. The motivation being the minimal infrastructure requirements and configuration costs. Technology today enables the provision of web services over hand-held mobile devices, realizing a web based service-oriented architecture in a mobile environment. For this, an efficient service discovery mechanism is required. It is difficult to adapt traditional approaches of managing web service directory for mobile environments, this is mainly due to the dynamic arrivals/departures of mobile devices in network zones. In this paper, we propose a model for web services in mobile environments to maintain a service directory using the XMPP (eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol). The proposed model enables mobile devices to manage web service directory without requiring high-end computers and high management cost. This paper presents proposed architecture, design concept, system components and workflow of the framework. Moreover, a comparative study of the proposed approach and the traditional UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration) registry is presented. <s> BIB011 </s> Using mobile service for supply chain management : a survey and challenges <s> Mobile web service : Architecture and classification <s> Simple Web services can be provided directly from one mobile device acting as a server. However, complex services need a mobile cloud to provide computing resources and infrastructure to support seamless provision of its Web services in a light weight manner. Our approach focuses on the architecture of this mobile cloud, which consists of a set of collaborative mobile devices that relies on an Extended Mobile Host Complex Web service Framework (EMHCWF). The main building blocks of EMHCWF with their associated distributed mechanisms are defined and tested experimentally. Furthermore, the safety properties of mobile cloud infrastructure have been validated using formal methods that are based on process algebra. <s> BIB012
Current mobile Web service architectures are basically adapted to the traditional Web service approach by applying SOA (Service-oriented Architecture) Principles  . Therefore, a variety of mobile web service architectures were proposed by researchers regarding the Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) such as "proxy-based" or "Peer To Peer" or "Asymmetric" BIB010 . The proxybased architecture is considered as the easiest approach to assure the efficiency of mobile web service deployment. In fact the proxy is usually a high-end machine attached to the fixed network BIB010 . To generalize the mobile web service architecture, the next figure resume a generic technical architecture assuring communication from mobile client and mobile service server presented in BIB001 . On the client-side, mobile devices can consume web service by the following ways: Figure 1 . A generic Mobile Web Service Architecture  . Based on the generic mobile web service architecture, there are two ways to consume web service in this architecture. The first one is Mobile web clients that are hosted on the server application, and can be consumed on the server directly. The second one is mobile local client where the application is running on mobile devices by connecting to server using wireless or local area. In both cases, mobile devices invoke web service and return response to server using the appropriate protocol and format (XML, SOAP). On the server side, web services are deployed on application server and provide mobile devices with the functions to access data. In fact, the mobile and server can interact using internet. Some relevant works have proposed a new architecture for mobile web service  12, BIB002 BIB011 that we expose in details later. According to the generic architecture, mobile web service technology support in either connected or disconnected consummation mode by consumers or business applications BIB002 . Therefore, the mobile web service can be classified in two categories: target users (consumers vs. business) and network connection (disconnected vs. connected). The figure presents a matrix defining those categories. Data exchanged in the offline mode will be sent and synchronized with the server when mobile devices will be online and connected to the network area. Figure 2 . Mobile web service classification BIB002 . The main objective of the first category is to use the existent web service provided by internet in mobile device. The second category presents the providers and consumers with two mobile devises that communicate peer to peer  . With the fast integration of Mobile web service, the researchers were focalized on this technology proposing a 1) new architecture; 2) discovering approach; 3) adding semantic description,4) Invoke approach; 5) providing proper quality of service (QoS), or 6) proposing model for security. In this section, we discuss some recent relevant papers proposed in mobile web service technology classified by the category of research. The main categories concern the proposition of new architecture or a new discovery approach taking into account the quality of service. The table 1 summarizes the list analysed by reference and year for each analytical axe. The key element of a technology is its architecture, and in mobile web service, some research was focus on proposing a new architecture. The authors in  propose a new architecture supporting mobile web service called the Handheld Flexible Representation (HHFR) that is designed for an optimized and expandable communication in mobile web services. The architecture provides alternative representations other than XML-based SOAP and fast communication transport options. HHFR separates message contents from a SOAP message in Angle-Bracket syntax format, and service end-points in HHFR exchange separated-message contents in an optimized fashion. In the same context, Cobarzan presents [12] a communication architecture based XML exchange data from the mobile clients to an external middleware component. The middleware will act like a gateway that lightly communicates with the device in a client-server manner over a fast binary protocol and at the same time takes the responsibility of solving the request to the Web service. Chen et al. propose in BIB002 an m-service portal architecture which integrates mobile web services to provide adaptive and personalized services accommodating the constraints of mobile devices. The authors propose in BIB011 a new architecture for managing web service directories using XMPP. In the proposed architecture each mobile device may act as a service provider as well as a service consumer. zaplata presents in BIB006 a lean and flexible system architecture which supports both mobile web service consumers and providers. The architecture integrate multiple protocols that depends on their capabilities, it also allows a dynamically access suitable service at runtime. Artail et al. propose in BIB008 a proxy-based architecture for dynamic discovery and invocation of Web Services from mobile devices. Web service discovery is a main challenge despite the enhanced proposed methods based on information retrieval techniques  , and the problem concerns also Mobile web service. Some authors who propose an architecture of mobile web service have also integrated the discovery approach based on their architecture BIB006 BIB008 BIB011 . Elabd presents in  a semantic matchmaking model to discover the Web services taking into account the user requirements, Quality of Services (QoS) and Mobile Specification as required parameters. Their work concerns the degree of match calculation taking into account the QoS and Mobile specification. The authors in  propose some QoS and discovery research on mobile web service and a mediation framework for mobile Web service provisioning. Algazzar introduces in  a cloud-based framework for mobile Web service discovery (DaaS) for resource constrained and mobile environments. DaaS has two main objectives: (1) pushing the resource-intensive processes of service discovery to the cloud in order to save the already scarce mobile resources, (2) incorporating the user preferences and context in mobile Web service discovery. The authors propose in BIB003 an agent-based mobile services framework using the wireless portal network, which eliminates XML processing on mobile clients. The framework contains an interface to select a service and a module to apply development and deployment for Web service providers. The authors address in BIB004 a proposition to reduce the delays by reducing the size of messages exchanged in mobile web service and BIB005 a concept of mobile web service provisioning and discovery in P2P networks. Elgazzar proposes in [23] a robust service discovery approach that makes use of user preferences and context information that mobile devices can use to personalize the discovery of mobile Web services. The authors in  propose an efficient and novel architecture for dynamic invocation and discovery of web services in mobile. The approach introduced in BIB012 focuses on the architecture of the mobile cloud, which consists of a set of collaborative mobile devices that relies on an Extended Mobile Host Complex Web service Framework (EMHCWF). The authors have defined a mobile cloud computing framework that addresses a complex mobile web service mechanisms and allows distributed execution in a homogeneous manner. A few works propose an approach for mobile service composition, in BIB009 the authors expose a solution to enable mobile Web service composition in an open, infrastructure-less environment based on loosely coupled SOA techniques. Mobile devices are opened to all by communication cards such as Bluetooth, wireless, etc. Therefore, security is still the most important criteria in mobile environment, and has become a primary challenge in order to protect communication between mobiles  . The paper BIB007 summarizes a study on analyzing the security for mobile web services provisioning. The authors have included on their analysis the wired web security specifications to the cellular world. They conclude that web service provisioning in mobile networks is still a great challenge because the traditional networks are not always appropriate for the mobile environment. Furthermore, they recommend adding encryption solution at hardware.