Why e-Service Development is Different: A Literature Review <s> RO5: Exploring the ways outsourcing and the integration of existing service components modifies the NSD process <s> Abstract The ‘concurrent engineering’ approach has radically changed the ways that new products are developed in many firms. However, implementing concurrent engineering has not always proved easy. As the popularity of concurrent engineering has grown and its applications have become more diverse, the core concepts that define concurrent engineering have become more and more vague. In addition, managers have found that different project, company, and industry contexts often necessitate customized approaches to concurrent engineering. This tutorial clarifies the concepts and methods that are central to the concurrent engineering approach. In addition, it examines the need to tailor the elements of concurrent engineering to match specific program priorities and product characteristics. Finally, the tutorial suggests ways that managers can make early concurrent engineering attempts more successful. <s> BIB001 </s> Why e-Service Development is Different: A Literature Review <s> RO5: Exploring the ways outsourcing and the integration of existing service components modifies the NSD process <s> Abstract When comparing the research on service topics with those research activities that focus on material goods, an obvious gap can be observed. While there exists a broad range of models, methods and tools for the development of goods, the development of services has hardly become a topic of scientific literature. An approach for capturing services as an R&D object is made within the project under the general heading of “service engineering”, and an attempt made to systematise the development of services. Ways in which the service sector can profit from the wealth of experience with classic product development without neglecting the specific characteristics of services are demonstrated. <s> BIB002
In new product development literature, designing products in such a way that they can easily be manufactured (i.e., contain fewer parts and have minimal complexity) has been addressed BIB001 . A similar issue has also been addressed in NSD as "design for delivery" hoping to reduce the costs of service delivery BIB002 . As many services are highly labor intensive (e.g., hospitality services), the motivation to optimize new services for efficient delivery is high. As electronic services follow a reversed cost structure as explained above, these approaches are not suitable for e-service development. On the contrary, it would be necessary to further analyze how the costs of developing new e-services can be reduced. As the early phases of the development process, specifically the design and analysis phase, are particularly expensive  , they offer potential for improvement.