Survey on network mobility support <s> VII.A. Route optimization without the participation of the nodes within the network <s> This paper addresses the problems of routing datagrams to nodes located in an IPv6 mobile network. A mobile network is a network that is changing its point of attachment dynamically such as a network deployed in an aircraft, a boat, or a car. The IETF Mobile-IPv6 protocol that has been developed to support mobile nodes is unable to support mobile networks efficiently. In fact, we show that Mobile-IPv6 would not scale and would introduce some authentication problems. This paper proposes a solution that combines multicast routing with Mobile-IPv6 to support mobile networks in the Internet. <s> BIB001 </s> Survey on network mobility support <s> VII.A. Route optimization without the participation of the nodes within the network <s> In this paper, we describe the Optimized Route Cache Management Protocol (ORC) as a network mobility protocol and evaluated it through experiments on a prototype implementation. ORC provides mobility transparency to a network regardless of network movements. Mobile network is a network that moves entirely. Typical examples for a mobile network are personal area networks (PAN) and networks inside vehicles. ORC is based on mobile IPv6 and is combined with the Internet routing mechanisms for network mobility management. ORC assigns a unique unchanging subnet prefix to a mobile network and notifies and maintains a mobile network's route called binding route (BR). A BR is an association between the prefix of the mobile network and a current available address known as care-of address in mobile IPv6. ORC allows interior gateway protocol (IGP) routers named ORC routers to cache a BR. ORC routers intercept packets destined to the mobile network and route them to the mobile network according to the BR. The BR must be updated as soon as the mobile network changes the care-of address by its topological position, employing constant BR exchange to ORC routers and temporary BR exchange to dynamically discovered ORC routers. Based on the experimental results, ORC is confirmed to provide network mobility and optimal communication in terms of route optimization. The evaluation shows that route optimization is required for network mobility to improve communication performance. <s> BIB002
In large Mobile networks, requiring the MR to send each Correspondent Node an individual Binding Update causes a Binding Update implosion. In order to overcome this scalability issue Ernst et al BIB001 have proposed a method in which the MR sends a Prefix Scope Binding Update to a multicast address to which Correspondent Nodes would have subscribed. A mobile network needs to have a multicast address, which it registers with the Domain Name Server (DNS). The MR sends a periodic Binding Update containing the mobile network prefix and the MR's care-of address to this multicast address. Correspondent Nodes can join the multicast group using IPv6 multicast mechanisms. Although this solution is beneficial for large mobile networks with many Local Fixed Nodes it requires major changes to MIPv6 and also to the already widely deployed DNS system. Optimized Route Cache Management protocol (ORC) BIB002 relies on scattering a route of a mobile network to portions of the Internet by means of Binding Routes (an association between the mobile network prefix and the care-of address) and ORC routers. Some Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) Routers named as ORC routers are used in order to maintain a Binding Route (BR) to the mobile network persistently. Whenever the MR moves ORC routers receives a BR notification, which will be cached in their routing tables. The ORC routers will advertise a proxy route to the mobile network by using IGP protocols and will capture packets destined to the mobile network. The packets will be forwarded to the care-of address on the BR, thus avoiding routing via the MR's home network. Since it is not possible to make every router on the Internet an ORC router it has been suggested that these routers be deployed in networks where there are Correspondent Nodes for the mobile network. This scheme would only provide optimal routing if ORC routers are available on the Correspondent Nodes networks.