A Review On Cognitive Mismatch Between Computer and Information Technology And Physicians <s> Majumder identifies different trends in medical education. <s> The call for medical students to become literate in the uses of information technology has become a familiar refrain. Over ten years ago, the Association of American Medical College's GPEP Report recommended that medical schools incorporate into their curricula training in the use of such technology; however, in the intervening decade, discouragingly little progress has been made toward meeting this goal, even though the need for such changes has grown more compelling. The author contends that teaching medical students to be computer-literate will not only enable them to use information technology competently, but will foster their capacity for "termless learning," which involves the ability to assess the adequacy of one's knowledge, to efficiently redress identified deficiencies, and to direct one's ongoing learning well in a rapidly changing world. He contends that by exposing medical students early in their training to the vast profusion of electronic information resources, medical educators can help produce a generation of practitioners who have a different orientation toward knowledge and learning. The author then assesses three different approaches to computer-literacy training: learning about computers, learning through computers (i.e., using computers as tools for instructional delivery), and learning with computers (i.e., requiring students to use computers in their work on a day-to-day basis). He concludes that none of the approaches is sufficient unto itself, but learning with computers offers the most powerful means of fostering the forms of termless learning that students will need to practice medicine in the future. <s> BIB001 </s> A Review On Cognitive Mismatch Between Computer and Information Technology And Physicians <s> Majumder identifies different trends in medical education. <s> Most medical schools, especially in South-East Asia, currently are experiencing difficulties in providing the right quality and quantity of educational experiences as the curricula have failed to respond to the needs of the community and country. The pedagogic shift from traditional approach to a need-based approach requires a fundamental change of the roles and commitments of educators, planners and policymakers. Teachers of health professional education in the region are to be well-informed of the trends and innovations and utilize these to increase relevance and quality of education to produce competent human resources for the region. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (i) to discuss innovative strategies and emerging trends, which have been successfully adopted by educators around the world for the reorientation of medical education to overcome existing traditions of educational planning, review and development and (ii) to highlight their implications and importance to initiate need-based reforms of medical training in South-East Asia. <s> BIB002 </s> A Review On Cognitive Mismatch Between Computer and Information Technology And Physicians <s> Majumder identifies different trends in medical education. <s> This item is a guest editorial exploring the attitudes of nurses to computers. It explores the barriers that are perceived and asks what it is nurses want from computers. Three types of users are identified: The Engagers. Nurses who used computers quite extensively; The Worried Willing. Nurses who would be willing to use computers, but felt that they lacked the skills; and The Resisters. Nurses who did not want to use computers. <s> BIB003
There is a noticeable change in healthcare environment due to advancement of ICT and the pervasion of World Wide Web in medicine. The health sector is investing a lot in the information systems and health technologies, so , physician have to depend on ICT and informatics skills for providing their contributions in research, education and health care organization. Therefore, knowledge and skill to use ICT application for self-directed learning is important for medical professionals. Some international organizations like the World Bank and WHO have taken initiatives to orient interdisciplinary skills in the health sector to prepare physicians to cope with the ever changing dynamic health environment. Such pedagogical environments require a lot of cognitive skills and interdisciplinary knowledge BIB002 . By addressing the IT knowledge cognitive barrier medical students not only be better exposed to evidence based decision making but it will foster their capacity towards a new world of learning. By exposing medical professionals to the information technology knowledge will prepare them for a better orientation of electronic health information systems. Koschmann assessed three different approaches to address cognitive mismatch, which are learning about, through and with computers. He concluded that none of the above mentioned approaches are sufficient alone in fact combination is required BIB001 . HMSO Report showed that the failure of The National Program for IT in the NHS is the lack of IT skills within National Health Services BIB003 . Still culture of use of IT in the health care system is not established yet. Bond, 2006 in his doctoral dissertation explored the ways of developing informatics skill and knowledge to fill the knowledge gap .He used a questionnaire tool to collect data from 132 nurses about their usability experience and practicing IT skills behavior in their routine practices  . In another study Steven R. Simon and Rainu Kaushal randomly took 1884 physicians as their sample size with the response rate of 71.4%. They explored the level of physicians' use of electronic health record among two groups and also investigated the factors which correlate this use. One group is that which used EHR's functions and thought that they are a useful tool for their practice. The other group is low users of the information system and they even don't aware of the total available and useful functionalities of the system. Therefore the adoption of HIT and HIS is very critical and is a key issue in the health care system. In the past more attention was given on adoption but little literature is available on physician's capabilities to use the system [26] . On CDCP (the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) panel a report named "Electronic Medical Record/Electronic Health Record Systems of Office-based Physicians: United States" states that physicians are not using the core functionalities of electronic health record because of two possible reasons. One is that their system may lack in having (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 3, No.8, 2012 123 | P a g e www.ijacsa.thesai.org these functionalities or the other possibility is that the physician may not aware or have not had knowledge of the presence of those functionalities in their system. When it is analyzed that what is the reason that physicians don't know about the availability of the system results the largest gap in the knowledge and cognition mismatch was there [27] . Adherence to data definitions with the proper involvement of end users in the development process of HIS are important factors in gaining the interoperability of the system  .