A Review of Green IS Research and Directions for Future Studies <s> Initiation <s> The demand for and on data centres continue to pose several power, cooling, and performance constraints associated with environmental and economic inefficiency. Sensor Information Systems (SIS) is one of the best practices for addressing these constraints. This study investigates the assimilation of SIS in data centres. Based on the empirical data gathered from five case studies of Australian data centres, the paper evaluates the current state of SIS utilisation. The results indicate that the utilisation and assimilation of SIS in data centres is very limited. A conceptual framework and several theoretical propositions rooted in the TOE model are proposed to explicate the conditions that influence SIS assimilation. A number of factors including perceived SIS complexity, affordability, reliability and compatibility, the infrastructure characteristics, the age and the type of data centres, green IT strategic orientation, managers' knowledge and expertise of sensor technology, governance and regulatory requirements have been identified as antecedents for the successful SIS assimilation in data centres. <s> BIB001 </s> A Review of Green IS Research and Directions for Future Studies <s> Initiation <s> After a century of relative stability in the electricity sector, introduction of the smart grid has triggered a period of great uncertainty with the potential for wide-spread and long-lasting impacts. When faced with pressures that threaten established institutionalized practices, incumbent organizations may respond in a variety of ways, ranging from resistance to manipulation. This paper reports the findings from a qualitative field study that explores how utilities, the organizations at the core of the electricity sector, are responding to institutional pressures and what it means for their deployment of smart grid technologies. Under coercive and mimetic pressures, utilities respond with avoidance by taking a wait-and-see approach, or acquiescence, simply following direction of others. In contrast, organizations that perceive benefits of smart grid technologies beyond the need for compliance adopt manipulation strategies, becoming more engaged in shaping the transformation and experimenting with new technologies to enhance their stature and performance. <s> BIB002
According to the literature, a variety of factors may influence initiation of green IS at the individual and organizational level, and previous studies have used methods such as case studies, experiments, secondary data, and surveys. At the individual level, the literature has found that, in particular, social influence and environmental concerns may influence the adoption of green IS (Kranz & Picot, 2011 BIB002 . At the organization level, we observed environmental, organizational, and technological factors. The literature has identified such factors as environmental uncertainty (Lei & Ngai, 2012; Schmidt et al., 2010) , competition and institutional forces (normative, coercive, and mimetic pressure), and stakeholder pressure (market, industrial, and regulatory) (Simmonds & Bhattacherjee, 2012) . All of these are important in green IS initiatives. Of these, institutional forces received the most attention: five studies examined institutional forces via survey, case studies, and conceptual models. BIB001 , who focused on sensor information systems and data centers. Thus, since several studies identify important organizational and environmental factors that may influence green IS initiatives, such factors must be considered when initiating a green IS project. Some work has examined technological factors, but this is an area that requires further investigation. Paper in this category discussed different factors influencing the implementation of green IS initiatives. Dell mentioned how cost savings were often the primary driver, and shareholder or regulatory pressures might also influence the initiation of green IT  .