Animation on the web: a survey <s> How existing formats and/or libraries deal with Animation <s> Abstract In recent years, 3D graphics has become an increasingly important part of the multimedia web experience. Following on from the advent of the X3D standard and the definition of a declarative approach to presenting 3D graphics on the web, the rise of WebGL has allowed lower level access to graphics hardware of ever increasing power. In parallel, remote rendering techniques permit streaming of high-quality 3D graphics onto a wide range of devices, and recent years have also seen much research on methods of content delivery for web-based 3D applications. All this development is reflected in the increasing number of application fields for the 3D web. In this paper, we reflect this activity by presenting the first survey of the state of the art in the field. We review every major approach to produce real-time 3D graphics rendering in the browser, briefly summarise the approaches for remote rendering of 3D graphics, before surveying complementary research on data compression methods, and notable application fields. We conclude by assessing the impact and popularity of the 3D web, reviewing the past and looking to the future. <s> BIB001 </s> Animation on the web: a survey <s> How existing formats and/or libraries deal with Animation <s> Given that physics can be fundamental for realistic and interactive Web3D applications, a number of JavaScript versions of physics engines have been introduced during the past years. This paper presents the implementation of the rigid body physics component, as defined by the X3D specification, in the X3DOM environment, and the creation of dynamic 3D interactive worlds. We briefly review the state of the art in current technologies for Web3D graphics, including HTML5, WebGL and X3D, and then explore the significance of physics engines in building realistic Web3D worlds. We include a comprehensive review of JavaScript physics engine libraries, and proceed to summarize the significance of our implementation while presenting in detail the methodology followed. The results obtained so far from our cross-browser experiments demonstrate that real-time interactive scenes with hundreds of rigid bodies can be constructed and operate with acceptable frame rates, while the allowing the user to maintain the scene control. <s> BIB002 </s> Animation on the web: a survey <s> How existing formats and/or libraries deal with Animation <s> Animations are frequently used and beneficial for different scenarios in information visualization [Robertson et al. 2008; Kriglstein et al. 2012]. The X3D format [ISO and IEC 2008] provides a sound basis to create information visualizations and animations, but its concept of routes, interpolators and sensors for animating elements has some weaknesses. A major problem is that X3D has no built-in event-based mechanism to trigger reusable complex animations. The widespread use of the event-based approach in web technology shows, that it is an efficient concept adaptable to different needs. The lack of such a mechanism in X3D makes it difficult in some scenarios to create animated and interactive scenes. This paper will show a concept capable of solving these problems in X3D and the implementation of the concept as a framework. The framework helps to create dynamic information visualization scenes and makes it possible to create and combine reusable animations. Furthermore the framework provides ways to trigger these animations at given times to orchestrate the animations of a scene. The triggering mechanism also has the advantage to separate the animations from the static aspects of a scene. <s> BIB003
3D graphics on the web features various file formats and libraries, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, we will not focus on the general functionality and working aspect of these. There are many surveys available which do a fine job explaining them BIB001  ]. Here, we will only focus on how these file formats or libraries deal with animation. X3D: X3D is a royalty free ISO standard defining an XML based file format for representing Web3D computer graphics and was first accepted as an ISO standard in 2004. X3D is designed to deliver a lightweight and balanced web-based application, which offers easy to use and develop interactive real-time 3D content. The X3D standard supports a wide number of advanced 3D graphics functionalities, including key frame animations, humanoid animations (H-Anim) etc. BIB002 ]. X3D consists of nodes which handle various types of jobs within the framework, In order to handle key frame animations it goes through the following process: The TimeSensor node is used to control animation as time passes. An OrientationInterpolator node sits between the TimeSensor node and the Transform node and turns the events into vectors. Based on the update time step, the object properties are updated in order to achieve the animation. [X3D; H-Anim]. In BIB003 ], a framework for animation is introduced based on the existing model but it is mainly aimed at generating animated visualization to conduct quantitative experiments and not on real time realistic animation.