Low Power Wide Area Networks: A Survey of Enabling Technologies, Applications and Interoperability Needs <s> 5) NB-IoT <s> In 3GPP LTE Release 13, Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) was standardized for providing wide-area connectivity for massive machine-type communications for IoT. In LTE Release 14, NB-IoT was further developed to deliver enhanced user experience in selected areas through the addition of features such as increased positioning accuracy, increased peak data rates, the introduction of a lower device power class, improved non-anchor carrier operation, multicast, and authorization of coverage enhancements. In this article, we provide an overview of these features introduced for NB-IoT in LTE Release 14. An analysis is given on the applicability of these features and their benefits to enhance the NB-IoT radio access technology. <s> BIB001 </s> Low Power Wide Area Networks: A Survey of Enabling Technologies, Applications and Interoperability Needs <s> 5) NB-IoT <s> Abstract By 2020, more than twenty five billion devices would be connected through wireless communications. In accordance with the rapid growth of the internet of things (IoT) market, low power wide area (LPWA) technologies have become popular. In various LPWA technologies, narrowband (NB)-IoT and long range (LoRa) are two leading technologies. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on NB-IoT and LoRa as efficient solutions connecting the devices. It is shown that unlicensed LoRa has advantages in terms of battery lifetime, capacity, and cost. Meanwhile, licensed NB-IoT offers benefits in terms of QoS, latency, reliability, and range. <s> BIB002 </s> Low Power Wide Area Networks: A Survey of Enabling Technologies, Applications and Interoperability Needs <s> 5) NB-IoT <s> In this paper, we review the background and state-of-the-art of the narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IoT). We first introduce NB-IoT general background, development history, and standardization. Then, we present NB-IoT features through the review of current national and international studies on NB-IoT technology, where we focus on basic theories and key technologies, i.e., connection count analysis theory, delay analysis theory, coverage enhancement mechanism, ultra-low power consumption technology, and coupling relationship between signaling and data. Subsequently, we compare several performances of NB-IoT and other wireless and mobile communication technologies in aspects of latency, security, availability, data transmission rate, energy consumption, spectral efficiency, and coverage area. Moreover, we analyze five intelligent applications of NB-IoT, including smart cities, smart buildings, intelligent environment monitoring, intelligent user services, and smart metering. Finally, we summarize security requirements of NB-IoT, which need to be solved urgently. These discussions aim to provide a comprehensive overview of NB-IoT, which can help readers to understand clearly the scientific problems and future research directions of NB-IoT. <s> BIB003 </s> Low Power Wide Area Networks: A Survey of Enabling Technologies, Applications and Interoperability Needs <s> 5) NB-IoT <s> Abstract By 2020, more than 50 billion devices will be connected through radio communications. In conjunction with the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) market, low power wide area networks (LPWAN) have become a popular low-rate long-range radio communication technology. Sigfox, LoRa, and NB-IoT are the three leading LPWAN technologies that compete for large-scale IoT deployment. This paper provides a comprehensive and comparative study of these technologies, which serve as efficient solutions to connect smart, autonomous, and heterogeneous devices. We show that Sigfox and LoRa are advantageous in terms of battery lifetime, capacity, and cost. Meanwhile, NB-IoT offers benefits in terms of latency and quality of service. In addition, we analyze the IoT success factors of these LPWAN technologies, and we consider application scenarios and explain which technology is the best fit for each of these scenarios. <s> BIB004 </s> Low Power Wide Area Networks: A Survey of Enabling Technologies, Applications and Interoperability Needs <s> 5) NB-IoT <s> As a new type of low power wide area (LPWA) technology, the narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology supports wide coverage and low bitrate services, thus it has a great potential to be the future commercial technology of LPWA network. Therefore, it has attracted attention of both academia and industry. In this paper, we present the NB-IoT development, and main characteristics and design objectives of NB-IoT according to 3GPP R13. In addition, we provide the review of related literatures about NB-IoT modeling and algorithm analysis. And we explain current problems of NB-IoT system-level modeling based on visualized simulation platform. Moreover, this paper is devoted to the construction of the NB-IoT model based on OPNET and the verification of its characteristics, such as wide coverage and high channel utilization. This paper mainly considers NB-IoT model design and realization in terms of NB-IoT physical layer characteristics. We summarize the correlated characteristics of NB-IoT uplink and downlink. Then we design and construct the NB-IoT model based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. Lastly, we use the constructed NB-IoT model for simulations and conduct an experiment on it using the LTE network with channel bandwidths of 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz. The simulation results have verified the performance of NB-IoT, wherein uplink time delay is lower than 10 s, channel utilization is higher than that of LTE network, and coverage area is larger than LTE network. <s> BIB005
A new LPWA solution called NB-IoT, which uses mobile network providers, was designed and standardized by 3GPP. Although NB-IoT is defined in Release 13 [45] of the LTE standard, it is considered a standalone technology. NB-IoT was designed with IoT applications in mind, hence its name. NB-IoT relies on a decreased data rate (no higher than 158.5 kbps on the UL and 106 kbps on the DL BIB001 ) to reduce device cost and battery consumption. It therefore lacks LTE features such as measurements to monitor channel quality, carrier aggregation, and dual connectivity BIB002 , BIB004 . NB-IoT is based on the core network of the LTE system, the evolved packet core (EPC) framework, defined in Release 8 of the standard. Under the EPC architecture, user data (also known as the user plane) and signaling (also known as the control plane) are separated to make the scaling independent  . Reference BIB005 has found that NB-IoT has a lower UL time delay, higher channel utilization and wider coverage than the LTE technology. Handover in NB-IoT R13 is only possible prior to connection establishment BIB003 . More features have been added to NB-IoT in 3GPP LTE Release 14 to provide better performance while maintaining the R13 current merits. Increased localization accuracy, higher data rates, offers for lower power consumption classes, improved non-anchor carrier operation, multicast and mobility support and coverage improvement are among these features BIB001 , BIB003 . The 3GPP Release 14-based commercial NB-IoT solution is now available  . Table 2 summarizes the characteristics of the surveyed LPWA technologies.