Mobile Systems Development - A literature review <s> Adoption and diffusion studies <s> This article examines the use of mobile telephones by teenagers in Norway. The data for this study are based on two sources; first they draw on qualitative interviews with a sample of 12 families with teenagers in the greater Oslo area. In addition, they use a quantitative study of a national sample of 1,000 randomly selected teenagers. The data show that it is boys, most often those who work, that own mobile telephones. The qualitative analysis shows that the motives for owning mobile telephones are accessibility, safety and micro‐coordination. In addition, the mobile telephone serves as a symbol of emancipation. Metaphors surrounding the telephone allow for discussions of status construction and identification. <s> BIB001 </s> Mobile Systems Development - A literature review <s> Adoption and diffusion studies <s> An analysis of a Finnish survey of 1553 respondents between 9-34 years shows that categories of users differ significantly in their use of Internet and mobile services. The five categories in this subpopulation resemble the adopter categories in diffusion models. The relatedness of the adopter categories to social groups and external sources of influence vary significantly, but seem to follow the predictions of diffusion models. Opinion leaders, change agents and majorities have all adopted the terminals, but the use of services, especially of mobile services, is in the chasm. The mobile services are used mainly in the groups, whose charges are paid by their employer, with the exception of entertainment services. Using Internet services, however, has become commonplace within this subpopulation, and thus provides an alternative. These findings challenge the overtly individual view on the adoption of mobile services and emphasize the importance of right pricing as a means of spreading the diffusion. <s> BIB002 </s> Mobile Systems Development - A literature review <s> Adoption and diffusion studies <s> One often meets the argument that the adoption of mobile Internet services is difficult to understand due to a lack of relevant research. However, much research has already been conducted on the adoption of basic mobile and traditional Internet services that are likely to converge into the services provided by the mobile Internet. In this article, we try to categorize four research directions relevant in understanding mobile Internet service adoption. We argue that because mobile Internet services are new, a lack of studies directly investigating the adoption these services is to be expected. However, we also argue that existing research directions provide valuable points of departure for further investigating and understanding the adoption of mobile Internet services. In particular, we suggest a cross disciplinary integration of the findings of four different research directions may improve our understanding of the basic mechanisms of individuals' adoption of mobile Internet services. In this article, we exemplify such an integration by suggesting how traditional adoption models in information systems research, such as the technology acceptance model or the theory of planned behavior, may be modified and extended when applied to study the adoption of mobile Internet services. <s> BIB003
Adoption and diffusion studies, in general, constitute a broad research area. In recent years, there has been an interest in applying models from this research discourse on the area of m-commerce, see e.g., BIB001   BIB002  . The studies are broadly categorized as either diffusion research, adoption research, uses and gratification research, and domestication research BIB003 . First, in diffusion research the focal point of interest is how adoption of for example mobile systems takes place at the macro level BIB003 . That is, how segments or groups of end-users adopt technology. Second, adoption research represents a more individualized focus and is interested in the adoption at the micro level, i.e. individual user adoption BIB003 . Third, uses and gratification research is concerned with the "gratifications sought by adopters of different kinds of media" (Pedersen and Ling 2003, p. 2-3) , e.g. status and fashion. Finally, domestication research focuses on the use of technology and the socio-technical consequences hereof. The focus on sociotechnical issues associated with technology use is not limited to either defined end-user groups or individual users BIB003 . Domestication studies are therefore not limited to either a macro or micro level focus. In this way, domestication studies of end-users' habits and use patterns share concerns with the design studies (section 3.1).