Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> 1) RQ1: Modules most used by semantic search engines implementations: <s> We present A lvis peers, a full-text P2P retrieval engine designed to offer retrieval performance comparable to centralized solutions while scaling to a very large number of peers. It is the result of our research efforts within the project Alvis 1 European FP 6 STREP project ALVIS, http://www.alvis.info/ that aims at building a truly-distributed semantic search engine. To cope with problem of unscalable bandwidth consumption in the P2P network, the engine implements a novel retrieval model that indexes highly-discriminative keys (HDKs)---terms and term sets appearing in a limited number of collection documents. Our prototype is a fully-functional retrieval engine built over a structured P2P network. It includes a component for HDK based indexing and retrieval, and a distributed content-based ranking module. Such an integrated system represents a substantial contribution to the design and development of realistic P2P retrieval systems. <s> BIB001 </s> Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> 1) RQ1: Modules most used by semantic search engines implementations: <s> This paper presents the conceptual model of a semantic search engine that can locate required information on the web. This search engine makes use of semantics, or the meaning of queries, to retrieve relevant results. This model, called SCORDRA, is divided into four layers, namely semantic web, data, application and user interface layers. The SCORDRA engine makes use of the sharable content object reference model (SCORM) to bring together relevant data stored in the form of sharable content objects (SCOs). The Data Layer consists of data stored as SCO's. These SCO's are built on the SCORM standards, and their location is resolved by the content object repository discovery and registration/resolution architecture (CORDRA). SCORM defines how information is referenced and used, by packaging data with metadata. CORDRA aims to locate and reference SCORM repositories over the web. The application layer provides the reasoning platform of the system, it makes use of SCOs discovered by CORDRA by crawling and indexing the SCO's on the Web. The user interface layer allows the user to enter queries and view these as multimedia presentations. This semantic web search engine will allow the user to enter a query, and deliver a multimedia presentation that answers the query. <s> BIB002 </s> Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> 1) RQ1: Modules most used by semantic search engines implementations: <s> A fundamental principle for reusing software assets is providing means to access them. Information retrieval mechanisms assisted by semantic initiatives, play a very important role in finding relevant reusable assets. In this context, this paper presents a semantic search tool in order to improve the precision of search returns. Furthermore, the requirements, the decomposition of architectural module and aspects of implementation are presented. <s> BIB003 </s> Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> 1) RQ1: Modules most used by semantic search engines implementations: <s> In this paper, we discuss the architecture and implementation of the Semantic Web Search Engine (SWSE). Following traditional search engine architecture, SWSE consists of crawling, data enhancing, indexing and a user interface for search, browsing and retrieval of information; unlike traditional search engines, SWSE operates over RDF Web data - loosely also known as Linked Data - which implies unique challenges for the system design, architecture, algorithms, implementation and user interface. In particular, many challenges exist in adopting Semantic Web technologies for Web data: the unique challenges of the Web - in terms of scale, unreliability, inconsistency and noise - are largely overlooked by the current Semantic Web standards. Herein, we describe the current SWSE system, initially detailing the architecture and later elaborating upon the function, design, implementation and performance of each individual component. In so doing, we also give an insight into how current Semantic Web standards can be tailored, in a best-effort manner, for use on Web data. Throughout, we offer evaluation and complementary argumentation to support our design choices, and also offer discussion on future directions and open research questions. Later, we also provide candid discussion relating to the difficulties currently faced in bringing such a search engine into the mainstream, and lessons learnt from roughly six years working on the Semantic Web Search Engine project. <s> BIB004 </s> Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> 1) RQ1: Modules most used by semantic search engines implementations: <s> Developing technology and increasing usage of computers around the world make Internet a convenient tool for Distance Education (DE) systems. Learning Management Systems-(LMSs) of DE around the world serve content-based courses to students/users via static pages on the Web. Additionally, querying for specific course content of an entire course in LMS is only possible by syntactic-based search agents which limit the search. Therefore, it is thought that querying of contents through semantic-based approaches would make LMSs more helpful for a student/user through the Semantic Web (SW) approach. Queries can be meaning based and this can enable the system to make meaningful inference in human-computer interaction. In this article, we propose a system architecture that performs semantic -- based searches through an agent in order to plan student-based schedule of course documents automatically according to student's performance in the course of a semester. OWL language of the SW technology is used during the development of the ontology of the LMS system that is used as a knowledgebase and queried to obtain required data. In this article, we concentrate on developing the system as a module for a LMS currently in use. <s> BIB005 </s> Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> 1) RQ1: Modules most used by semantic search engines implementations: <s> Human musculoskeletal system resources of the human body are valuable for the learning and medical purposes. Internet-based information from conventional search engines such as Google or Yahoo cannot response to the need of useful, accurate, reliable and good-quality human musculoskeletal resources related to medical processes, pathological knowledge and practical expertise. In this present work, an advanced knowledge-based personalized search engine was developed. Our search engine was based on a client-server multi-layer multi-agent architecture and the principle of semantic web services to acquire dynamically accurate and reliable HMSR information by a semantic processing and visualization approach. A security-enhanced mechanism was applied to protect the medical information. A multi-agent crawler was implemented to develop a content-based database of HMSR information. A new semantic-based PageRank score with related mathematical formulas were also defined and implemented. As the results, semantic web service descriptions were presented in OWL, WSDL and OWL-S formats. Operational scenarios with related web-based interfaces for personal computers and mobile devices were presented and analyzed. Functional comparison between our knowledge-based search engine, a conventional search engine and a semantic search engine showed the originality and the robustness of our knowledge-based personalized search engine. In fact, our knowledge-based personalized search engine allows different users such as orthopedic patient and experts or healthcare system managers or medical students to access remotely into useful, accurate, reliable and good-quality HMSR information for their learning and medical purposes. <s> BIB006 </s> Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> 1) RQ1: Modules most used by semantic search engines implementations: <s> More and more sensors are getting Internet connected. Examples are cameras on cell phones, CCTV cameras for traffic control as well as dedicated security and defense sensor systems. Due to the steadily increasing data volume, human exploitation of all this sensor data is impossible for effective mission execution. Smart access to all sensor data acts as enabler for questions such as “Is there a person behind this building” or “Alert me when a vehicle approaches”. The GOOSE concept has the ambition to provide the capability to search semantically for any relevant information within “all” (including imaging) sensor streams in the entire Internet of sensors. This is similar to the capability provided by presently available Internet search engines which enable the retrieval of information on “all” web pages on the Internet. In line with current Internet search engines any indexing services shall be utilized cross-domain. The two main challenge for GOOSE is the Semantic Gap and Scalability. The GOOSE architecture consists of five elements: (1) an online extraction of primitives on each sensor stream; (2) an indexing and search mechanism for these primitives; (3) a ontology based semantic matching module; (4) a top-down hypothesis verification mechanism and (5) a controlling man-machine interface. This paper reports on the initial GOOSE demonstrator, which consists of the MES multimedia analysis platform and the CORTEX action recognition module. It also provides an outlook into future GOOSE development. <s> BIB007
The aim of this research question is to identify what modules are the most used in the proposed architectures of semantic search engines. Although the word "implementations" can be understood as something that needs to be built or constructed, for this research is also covering conceptual architectures. For this question, two fields were proposed in order to retrieve the data from the studies: a Architecture's modules: this field aims to get the list of modules, components or tiers that the architecture has. If the study has an explanation of what the module is about, that is also taken into account. b Architecture's patterns applied: this field aims to identify what architectural patterns are presented in the proposed architecture. There are 10 studies found to answer this question. There are several modules identified that are common across the proposed architectures. These are listed as follows, highlighting the most relevant studies on each module found: • Extractor components, such as crawlers used by BIB002 and BIB006 , or extraction systems in BIB004 , which navigates within raw data and store it for further processing. These can also make some sort of filtering, based on system's needs or requirements BIB003 . • Storage support, such as a database used by BIB002 and BIB005 , an indexer used in BIB003 and BIB007 , or tables as mentioned by BIB001 , that can store the data and knowledge of the system. These storage elements are related to other key components, such as ontologies.