A survey of hand gesture dialogue modeling for map navigation <s> HAND GESTURE DIALOGUE MODELLING <s> Recent advances in sensing technology have enabled a new generation of tabletop displays that can sense multiple points of input from several users simultaneously. However, apart from a few demonstration techniques [17], current user interfaces do not take advantage of this increased input bandwidth. We present a variety of multifinger and whole hand gestural interaction techniques for these displays that leverage and extend the types of actions that people perform when interacting on real physical tabletops. Apart from gestural input techniques, we also explore interaction and visualization techniques for supporting shared spaces, awareness, and privacy. These techniques are demonstrated within a prototype room furniture layout application, called RoomPlanner. <s> BIB001 </s> A survey of hand gesture dialogue modeling for map navigation <s> HAND GESTURE DIALOGUE MODELLING <s> In this paper, we describe a system of multi-touch tabletop display and its control algorithm for Google-earthTM that utilizes hand gesture as mouse free interaction. The system adopts well known FTIR technique. The hand gesture of necessary instruction is predefined according to the number, position, and movement of the fingertips which are obtained from multi-touch of a single user. The system consists of a beam-projector and an acrylic screen attaching infrared LED as light source, and an infrared camera for capturing the fingertip image. Input image is preprocessed with simple morphological method to remove the noise and to determine the fingertip region. In recognition process, gesture commands are recognized by comparing the preprocessed image with predefined gesture model of fingertips. In detail, firstly the number of the spot; fingertip mark, angles among the spots, and Euclidean distance between two spots are calculated, and then the values are compared with the information of the model. The effectiveness of the system can be proved through the experimental results. <s> BIB002 </s> A survey of hand gesture dialogue modeling for map navigation <s> HAND GESTURE DIALOGUE MODELLING <s> Visual hand gestures offer an interesting modality for Human-Computer-Interaction (HCI) applications. Gesture recognition and hand tracking, however, are not trivial tasks and real environments set a lot of challenges to algorithms performing such activities. In this paper, a novel combination of techniques is presented for tracking and recognition of hand gestures in real, cluttered environments. In addition to combining existing techniques, a method for locating a hand and segmenting it from an arm in binary silhouettes and a foreground model for color segmentation is proposed. A single hand is tracked with a single camera and the trajectory information is extracted along with recognition of five different gestures. This information is exploited for replacing the operations of a normal computer mouse. The silhouette of the hand is extracted as a combination of different segmentation methods: An adaptive colour model based segmentation is combined with intensity and chromaticity based background subtraction techniques to achieve robust performance in cluttered scenes. An affine-invariant Fourier-descriptor is derived from the silhouette, which is then classified to a hand shape class with support vector machines (SVM). Gestures are recognized as changes in the hand shape with a finite state machine (FSM). <s> BIB003
Various surveys BIB003  BIB001 BIB002 of hand gesture dialogue have been studiedfor modelingmap navigation.The modeling method in this paper only covers single hand. One of the benefits using one handed is intuitiveness, user can easily memorize the hand gesture dialoguefaster.Initially, with refers to figure 1 during map navigation, the hand is in static position with hand free. Then theusercan either movean open palm (a) orflip (b)to pan around the map, stretching five fingers from one point to fully open is zooming out and vice versa (d), twiststhe hand to rotate (f), closing the hand become a fist to stop navigate (g), held the hand up to tilt up (i) and tilt down (h) with hand held down and use index finger (j) to point or select. Different user has different behavior when navigate the map. It is possible to model not only one hand gesture for some dialogue for example flipping can be hand held down vertically (c) to flip around the map and using thumb and index finger moving away (e) to zoom and vice versa. The frequent function in map navigation has been listed above using hand gesture dialogue that being modeled. It is designed based on the intuitive of human natural behavior such as flipping a book. This method had been widelyused in the tablet nowadays. The hand gesture dialogue is becoming more important compared with a few decades because the current technology allows the highly process of graphic in real-time.