A Survey of Abnormal Traffic Information Detection and Transmission Mechanisms in VSNs <s> Project Name <s> Inter-vehicle communications technology for group cooperative driving has been studied by the Association of Electric Technology for Automobile Traffic and Driving (Japan) (JSK) since 1980. This paper presents the recent results, including an actual field test, of the group cooperative driving and the future plan for research and development of JSK. <s> BIB001 </s> A Survey of Abnormal Traffic Information Detection and Transmission Mechanisms in VSNs <s> Project Name <s> CarTALK 2000 is a European Project focussing on new driver assistance systems which are based upon inter-vehicle communication. The main objectives are the development of cooperative driver assistance systems on the one hand and the development of a self-organising ad-hoc radio network as a communication basis with the aim of preparing a future standard. As for the assistance system, the main issues are: a) assessment of today's and future applications for co-operative driver assistance systems, b) development of software structures and algorithms, i.e. new fusion techniques, c) testing and demonstrating assistance functions in probe vehicles in real or reconstructed traffic scenarios. To achieve a suitable communication system, algorithms for radio ad-hoc networks with extremely high dynamic network topologies are developed and prototypes tested in the vehicles. Apart from technological goals, CarTALK 2000 actively addresses market introduction strategies including cost/benefit analyses and legal aspects, and aims at the standardisation to bring these systems to the European market. CarTALK 2000 started in August 2001 as a three-years project which is funded within the IST Cluster of the 5th Framework Program of the European Commission. <s> BIB002 </s> A Survey of Abnormal Traffic Information Detection and Transmission Mechanisms in VSNs <s> Project Name <s> The FleetNet project aims at the development and demonstration of a wireless ad-hoc network for inter-vehicle communications. Key design factors for FleetNet are the capability to distribute locally relevant data where generated and/or needed and to satisfy the vehicle drivers' and passengers' needs for location-dependent information and services. In this contribution we introduce some applications of FleetNet and point out technical requirements and challenges. These challenges are described. The applications range from cooperative driver assistance, decentralized Floating Car Data services to user communication and information services. Results obtained from experiments with a fleet of experimental cars will be presented. <s> BIB003 </s> A Survey of Abnormal Traffic Information Detection and Transmission Mechanisms in VSNs <s> Project Name <s> Vehicles are part of people's life in modern society, into which more and more high-tech devices are integrated, and a common platform for inter-vehicle communication is necessary to realize an intelligent transportation system supporting safe driving, dynamic route scheduling, emergency message dissemination, and traffic condition monitoring. TrafficView, which is a part of the e-Road project, defines a framework to disseminate and gather information about the vehicles on the road. With such a system, vehicle's driver will be provided with road traffic information that helps driving in situations as foggy weather, or finding an optimal route in a trip several miles long. This paper describes the design and implementation of TrafficView and the different mechanisms used in the system. <s> BIB004 </s> A Survey of Abnormal Traffic Information Detection and Transmission Mechanisms in VSNs <s> Project Name <s> CarTel is a mobile sensor computing system designed to collect, process, deliver, and visualize data from sensors located on mobile units such as automobiles. A CarTel node is a mobile embedded computer coupled to a set of sensors. Each node gathers and processes sensor readings locally before delivering them to a central portal, where the data is stored in a database for further analysis and visualization. In the automotive context, a variety of on-board and external sensors collect data as users drive.CarTel provides a simple query-oriented programming interface, handles large amounts of heterogeneous data from sensors, and handles intermittent and variable network connectivity. CarTel nodes rely primarily on opportunistic wireless (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) connectivity to the Internet, or to "data mules" such as other CarTel nodes, mobile phone flash memories, or USB keys-to communicate with the portal. CarTel applications run on the portal, using a delay-tolerant continuous query processor, ICEDB, to specify how the mobile nodes should summarize, filter, and dynamically prioritize data. The portal and the mobile nodes use a delay-tolerant network stack, CafNet, to communicat.CarTel has been deployed on six cars, running on a small scale in Boston and Seattle for over a year. It has been used to analyze commute times, analyze metropolitan Wi-Fi deployments, and for automotive diagnostics. <s> BIB005 </s> A Survey of Abnormal Traffic Information Detection and Transmission Mechanisms in VSNs <s> Project Name <s> Vehicular sensor networks are emerging as a new network paradigm of primary relevance, especially for proactively gathering monitoring information in urban environments. Vehicles typically have no strict constraints on processing power and storage capabilities. They can sense events (e.g., imaging from streets), process sensed data (e.g., recognizing license plates), and route messages to other vehicles (e.g., diffusing relevant notification to drivers or police agents). In this novel and challenging mobile environment, sensors can generate a sheer amount of data, and traditional sensor network approaches for data reporting become unfeasible. This article proposes MobEyes, an efficient lightweight support for proactive urban monitoring based on the primary idea of exploiting vehicle mobility to opportunistically diffuse summaries about sensed data. The reported experimental/analytic results show that MobEyes can harvest summaries and build a low-cost distributed index with reasonable completeness, good scalability, and limited overhead <s> BIB006 </s> A Survey of Abnormal Traffic Information Detection and Transmission Mechanisms in VSNs <s> Project Name <s> Disruption-tolerant networks (DTNs) attempt to route network messages via intermittently connected nodes. Routing in such environments is difficult because peers have little information about the state of the partitioned network and transfer opportunities between peers are of limited duration. In this paper, we propose MaxProp, a protocol for effective routing of DTN messages. MaxProp is based on prioritizing both the schedule of packets transmitted to other peers and the schedule of packets to be dropped. These priorities are based on the path likelihoods to peers according to historical data and also on several complementary mechanisms, including acknowledgments, a head-start for new packets, and lists of previous intermediaries. Our evaluations show that MaxProp performs better than protocols that have access to an oracle that knows the schedule of meetings between peers. Our evaluations are based on 60 days of traces from a real DTN network we have deployed on 30 buses. Our network, called UMassDieselNet, serves a large geographic area between five colleges. We also evaluate MaxProp on simulated topologies and show it performs well in a wide variety of DTN environments. <s> BIB007 </s> A Survey of Abnormal Traffic Information Detection and Transmission Mechanisms in VSNs <s> Project Name <s> Public safety organizations increasingly rely on wireless communication technology to provide effective command, control, and communication during emergencies and disaster response operations. Since emergencies can vary in scale from day-to-day operations to large-scale and widespread catastrophic events, any previously deployed network infrastructure may not be able to handle the traffic load. Worse, the wireless infrastructure may be damaged or destroyed, as occurred during the events of 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina. The 911-network on wheels (911-NOW) solution is a novel portable cellular system based on base station routers (BSRs) that does not require any pre-existing wireless infrastructure and provides capacity and coverage on demand. It is an auto-configurable system with a fully integrated service architecture that can be deployed as a single-cell solution for local communication or be configured to operate as an ad hoc network of cells. This paper describes the 911-NOW vision and discusses some of the differentiating features such as auto-configuration, network management, wireless mesh networking, and interoperability with existing public safety systems. We also highlight some of the research challenges associated with mobile and rapidly deployable wireless networks. In particular we provide an overview of issues centered upon dynamic assignment and management of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, online and real-time calculation and maintenance of routing information, mobility management, and dynamic configuration and optimization of radio parameters. © 2007 Alcatel-Lucent. <s> BIB008 </s> A Survey of Abnormal Traffic Information Detection and Transmission Mechanisms in VSNs <s> Project Name <s> Natural disasters and terrorism threaten our nation's safety and security, rendering post-disaster rescue mission critical. It is of paramount importance to carry out rescue work relying on secure and dependable networking. In this paper, we propose RescueMe, location-based vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), to aid in secure and dependable rescue planning for the efficient allocation of rescue resources. RescueMe leverages the location information stored during normal network operations to facilitate post-disaster rescue planning, while guaranteeing that the sensitive user location information is not exploited to trace a user's whereabouts when disasters are absent, even if the most powerful collusion attack is allowed. We provide a novel construction for the location update message, and propose several enhancements, to achieve the functional and security goals of RescueMe. <s> BIB009 </s> A Survey of Abnormal Traffic Information Detection and Transmission Mechanisms in VSNs <s> Project Name <s> Target tracking plays a key role for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) due to the fact that a wide variety of envisioned applications rely on the ability of this technique of detecting, localizing, and tracking objects surrounding a vehicle. This subject has been studied in fields such as airborne traffic, computer vision, and wireless sensor networks. A VANET brings out new challenges that should be addressed. For instance, the cluttered and dense scenarios, communication issues such as short term links, and the variety of objects considered to be targets, are some of the new ingredients to be taken into account. Applications such as collision warning/avoidance systems require strict time constrains, while others impose only mild restrictions. This complex and heterogeneous environment is discussed in this work, where we didactically divide the main problems into four components: the targets? motion model, measurement models, data association problem, and filtering. We also discuss the communication issues and how they affect these systems. <s> BIB010 </s> A Survey of Abnormal Traffic Information Detection and Transmission Mechanisms in VSNs <s> Project Name <s> The strength of sensor networks is quite vast when it is applied for collecting physical data in real time and storing for further analysis. The impossible measurements by conventional methods have now become possible by using this technology. Air quality which is one of the most important factors for the sustainable development and is one of the challenging areas researchers dealt with long time. The major source of environment pollution happens to be Vehicular Pollution. The high influx of vehicles to urban areas, and conventional pollution control measures used by concerned agencies has led to the drastic increase of air pollution. Here we address this problem by introducing VehNode, a WSN based Vehicular pollution monitoring platform which is capable of measuring different types of pollutant concentrations contained in smoke produced by the vehicle and reports the status automatically whenever required to the concerned agencies. We assure the existence of Wireless Sensor Network platform for automobile pollution control focusing on an easy accessibility of real time data via the Web by following the Web of Things approach. This will form a basis to connect each vehicle as an entity for a web of things infrastructure enabling the direct interaction with existing web applications of the concerned agencies. The real time data will be available to three main groups of users: Owner of the Vehicle, Traffic department and national environmental agencies. <s> BIB011 </s> A Survey of Abnormal Traffic Information Detection and Transmission Mechanisms in VSNs <s> Project Name <s> Privacy-preserving Vehicular Peer-to-Peer Network (VPNET) is particularly vulnerable to sybil attack, where a malicious vehicle can abuse its multiple unlinkable pseudo-ids to pretend multiple and distinct vehicles in the network. To make the matter even worse, due to the privacy-preserving network environment, zero-day sybil vulnerability is hard to defend against, i.e., a vehicle cannot locally detect a sybil attacker before the attacker is formally revoked. In this paper, aiming at mitigating zero-day sybil vulnerability in privacy-preserving VPNET, we propose an efficient Local Sybil Resistance scheme, called LSR, to locally detect sybil attack. Especially, in the proposed LSR scheme, if a vehicle never signs an event more than once, the signatures it signed cannot be linked, and its privacy can be well protected. However, if a vehicle signs two or more signatures on the same event, any vehicle can easily link these signatures and thus detect a sybil attack locally. Moreover, with two-layer/multi-layer reporting, a sybil attack can be quickly reported to a trusted authority (TA) for tracking the sybil attacker's real identity and making global revocation. Detailed security analysis demonstrates that the proposed LSR scheme can enhance the security of a privacy-preserving VPNET, such as locally detecting sybil attack, preventing a sybil attacker's future attacks before its being revoked by TA, et al. In addition, performance evaluation via extensive simulations also confirms the high effectiveness of the proposed LSR scheme. <s> BIB012
Safety Efficiency Service Traffic view BIB004 √ √ FleetNet BIB003 √ √ CarTALK 2000 BIB002 √ √ CarTel BIB005 √ √ MobEyes BIB006 √ √ UMass diselNet BIB007 √ Group cooperative driving BIB001 √ SAFESPOT [31] √ Network on wheels BIB008 √ VII Plan  √ PReVENT [34] √ 973 programme √ √ √ NSFC  √ √ √ road conditions can be estimated. Through identifying the traffic abnormal information, vehicle nodes can assist driver to bypass congested roads and optimize the travel routes. Thus, it saves the travel time. Improve the Driving Services. Recently, more and more drivers begin to concern on diverse driving services, such as travel office, file download, free chatting, and entertainment resources sharing. Specifically, drivers could download desired text files or video slices using RSUs in VSNs. By learning the concept of social network, drivers could chat or search the nearby parking, hotels, discount shopping, and other life information. Also, they can share all kinds of interested entertainment resources like popular music, sports, news, and so forth. VSN also has great applied value in urban environment monitoring BIB011 , traffic management and scheduling, vehicle tracking BIB010 , carpooling and vehicle calling BIB012 , emergency disaster relief BIB009 , and so on. Over the years, the research about VSNs has gained the favor of many academic communities and large wellknown companies. And the National Science and Technology Departments provide adequate funding to finance those projects. The typical projects and their applications have been listed in Table 1 .