Artificial Intelligence Enabled Software Defined Networking: A Comprehensive Overview <s> Bat algorithm (BA) <s> Bat algorithm (BA) is one of the recently proposed heuristic algorithms imitating the echolocation behavior of bats to perform global optimization. The superior performance of this algorithm has been proven among the other most well-known algorithms such as genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). However, the original version of this algorithm is suitable for continuous problems, so it cannot be applied to binary problems directly. In this paper, a binary version of this algorithm is proposed. A comparative study with binary PSO and GA over twenty-two benchmark functions is conducted to draw a conclusion. Furthermore, Wilcoxon's rank-sum nonparametric statistical test was carried out at 5 % significance level to judge whether the results of the proposed algorithm differ from those of the other algorithms in a statistically significant way. The results prove that the proposed binary bat algorithm (BBA) is able to significantly outperform others on majority of the benchmark functions. In addition, there is a real application of the proposed method in optical engineering called optical buffer design at the end of the paper. The results of the real application also evidence the superior performance of BBA in practice. <s> BIB001 </s> Artificial Intelligence Enabled Software Defined Networking: A Comprehensive Overview <s> Bat algorithm (BA) <s> A Computer network or data communication network is a telecommunication network that allows computers to exchange data. Computer networks are typically built from a large number of network devices such as routers, switches and numerous types of middle boxes with many complex protocols implemented on them. They need to accomplish very complex tasks with access to very limited tools. As a result, network management and performance tuning is quite challenging. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging architecture purporting to be adaptable, cost-effective, dynamic and manageable pursuing to be suitable for the high-bandwidth, changing nature of today's applications. SDN architectures decouples network control and forwarding functions, making network control to become directly programmable and the underlying infrastructure to be abstracted from applications and network services. The network security is a prominent feature of the network ensuring accountability, confidentiality, integrity, and protection against many external and internal threats. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a type of security software designed to automatically alert administrators when someone or something is trying to compromise information system through malicious activities or through security policy violations. Security violation in SDN environment needs to be identified to prevent the system from an attack. The proposed work aims to detect the attacks on SDN environment. Detecting anomalies on SDN environment will be more manageable and efficient. <s> BIB002
Binary algorithm (BA)  is a new meta-heuristic method based on the fascinating capability of microbats to find their prey and distinguish between different types of insects even in complete darkness by decreasing the loudness and increasing the rate of emitted ultrasonic sound that bounces back from the surrounding objects BIB001 BIB002 . An artificial bat has three vectors: position vector, velocity vector, and frequency vector. BA forms a balanced combination of PSO and intensive local search BIB001 . The balancing between these techniques is controlled by the parameters of loudness and pulse emission rate BIB001 . Yang  showed that the BA is able to outperform PSO and GA in terms of enhanced local optima avoidance and convergence speed. BA, however, could not be used to solve binary problems. Therefore, other researchers proposed a binary version of this algorithm called binary bat algorithm BIB001 .