A review on heat and mass integration techniques for energy and material minimization during CO2 capture <s> The sequential synthesis method <s> Abstract Heat exchanger networks are an integral part of chemical processes as they recover available heat and reduce utility consumption, thereby improving the overall economics of an industrial plant. This paper focuses on heat exchanger network design for multi-period operation wherein the operating conditions of a process may vary with time. A typical example is the hydrotreating process in petroleum refineries where the operators increase reactor temperature to compensate for catalyst deactivation. Superstructure based multi-period models for heat exchanger network design have been proposed previously employing deterministic optimisation algorithms, e.g. ( Aaltola, 2002 , Verheyen and Zhang, 2006 ). Stochastic optimisation algorithms have also been applied for the design of flexible heat exchanger networks recently ( Ma et al., 2007 , Ma et al., 2008 ). The present work develops an optimisation approach using simulated annealing for design of heat exchanger networks for multi-period operation. A comparison of the new optimisation approach with previous deterministic optimisation based design approaches is presented to illustrate the utilisation of simulated annealing in design of optimal heat exchanger network configurations for multi-period operation. <s> BIB001 </s> A review on heat and mass integration techniques for energy and material minimization during CO2 capture <s> The sequential synthesis method <s> A novel sequential approach is proposed for the multiperiod synthesis of Heat Exchanger Networks (HEN) and Utility Systems of chemical processes and energy systems. The framework can be used also for single period problems. Given the set of hot and cold process streams with period dependent heat loads and target temperatures and a set of available utility systems, the algorithm determines the optimal utility system selection, design, and operation scheduling, as well as the optimal HEN. In this work, the approach of solving multiperiod problems by adopting (1) the Multiperiod Utility Integration and Scheduling model of Marechal and Kalitventzeff, a modified formulation for (2) the Multiperiod Minimum Number of Units problem of Floudas and Grossmann, and (3) the Multiperiod Minimum Investment Network problem proposed by Floudas and Grossmann is improved by coupling the existing framework with the derivative-free hybrid algorithm PGS-COM of Martelli and Amaldi. Compared to the classic sequential approach,3 ... <s> BIB002
Sequential synthesis of heat and mass exchanger networks involve the use of pinch concepts and graphical illustrations to decompose a heat or mass exchanger network design problem into sub-problems to minimize energy costs, number of units, investment costs and the amount of material to be consumed BIB001 . Partitioning the design problem into a series of sub-problems helps to reduce the computational requirements for obtaining an optimal network design. For a typical heat exchanger network design problem, the sequential method can be carried out by dividing the temperature range of the problem into temperature intervals, while for a typical mass exchanger network design task, the problem is divided into composition intervals. These intervals are then used for modelling heat and mass exchange while obeying some heuristic and thermodynamic laws. Since a typical CO 2 capture system involves fluctuation of parameters such as stream inlet temperatures, gas flow rates and heat capacities, due to issues such as changes in environmental conditions, changes in feed quality, process upsets and other disturbances, it is recommended in this paper that a multiperiod synthesis network approach should be considered for the design of CO 2 capture networks. A schematic of a proposed pinch technology-based methodology for synthesizing HENs and MENs for energy and material minimization during CO 2 capture is presented in Figs. 3 and 4 , respectively, while Table 1 compares different techniques for energy and  material minimization. The application of pinch-based design techniques in HENs after subdividing the problem into temperature intervals is dependent on a minimum heat recovery approach temperature (HRAT), while in MENs it is dependent on the minimum allowable composition difference 'ε' BIB002 . In this paper, it is suggested that the locations of bottlenecks for energy savings and material minimization are found for multi-period HENS and MENS, before the minimum energy usage is determined. These bottlenecks are known as the energy recovery pinch points. The pinch points can be more than one, depending on the number of periods of the network. In addition, there is also a possibility for the existence or non-existence of pinch points. The different pinch points obtained or a calculated global pinch point can then be used to decompose the heat and mass exchanger network into sub-networks. Minimum number of heat exchanger unit and minimum number of mass exchanger unit for the network can be determined using Eqs. (1) and (2), respectively, depending on whether a pinch point exists or not: where NS AP is the total number of steams above the pinch and NS BP is the total number of streams below the pinch.