A Literature Review on Risk Sources and Resilience Factors in Agri-Food Supply Chains <s> Supply Chain Collaboration <s> Purpose – Supply chain risk management assumes importance in the wake of organizations understanding that their risk susceptibility is dependent on other constituents of their supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to present an approach to effective supply chain risk mitigation by understanding the dynamics between various enablers that help to mitigate risk in a supply chain.Design/methodology/approach – Using interpretive structural modeling the research presents a hierarchy‐based model and the mutual relationships among the enablers of risk mitigation.Findings – The research shows that there exists a group of enablers having a high driving power and low dependence requiring maximum attention and of strategic importance while another group consists of those variables which have high dependence and are the resultant actions.Practical implications – This classification provides a useful tool to supply chain managers to differentiate between independent and dependent variables and their mutual relatio... <s> BIB001 </s> A Literature Review on Risk Sources and Resilience Factors in Agri-Food Supply Chains <s> Supply Chain Collaboration <s> The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. ::: ::: In a world of turbulent change, resilience is a key competency since even the most carefully designed supply chain is susceptible to unforeseen events. This article presents a new Supply Chain Resilience Framework to help businesses deal with change. The conceptual framework is based on extant literature and refined through a focus group methodology. Our findings suggest that supply chain resilience can be assessed in terms of two dimensions: vulnerabilities and capabilities. The Zone of Resilience is defined as the desired balance between vulnerabilities and capabilities, where it is proposed that firms will be the most profitable in the long term. We identified seven vulnerability factors composed of 40 specific attributes and 14 capability factors from 71 attributes that facilitate the measurement of resilience. The article concludes with managerial implications and recommendations for future research. <s> BIB002 </s> A Literature Review on Risk Sources and Resilience Factors in Agri-Food Supply Chains <s> Supply Chain Collaboration <s> Purpose – The paper examines one of Scotland's major pork supply chains and seeks to identify the key risks and challenges involved in developing a resilient agri‐food supply system, particularly with regard to primary product supply, and to show how risk management and collaboration amongst stakeholders can increase chain resilience.Design/methodology/approach – The case study involved in‐depth interviews with seven people involved in the chain and its management.Findings – Reduced supply chain vulnerability to risks arose through horizontal collaboration amongst producers, and vertical collaboration with the processor and retailer. Producers improved market and price security, and pig performance. For the processor and retailer the collaboration generated greater security of supply of an assured quality, improved communication with suppliers, and reduced demand risk as they could assure consumers on quality, animal welfare and product provenance.Research limitations/implications – The study's findings a... <s> BIB003 </s> A Literature Review on Risk Sources and Resilience Factors in Agri-Food Supply Chains <s> Supply Chain Collaboration <s> To achieve a competitive edge in an uncertain business environment where change is imperative, one of the significant challenges for an organization is to mitigate risk by creating resilient supply chains. This research proposes a model using graph theory which holistically considers all the major enablers of resilience and their interrelationships for analysis using an Interpretive Structural Modeling approach. The uniqueness of this model lies in its ability to quantify resilience by a single numerical index. The quantification of resilience will help organizations assess the effectiveness of various risk mitigation strategies. This will provide tools for managers to compare different supply chains while offering a deeper knowledge of how supply chain characteristics increase or decrease resilience and consequently affect supply chain risk exposure. Thus, the research supports organizations in measuring and analyzing supply chain resilience and facilitates supply chain decision-making. The proposed method could simplify the dynamic nature of environment for managing disruptions in a supply chain. This novel approach for determining the supply chain resilience index (SCRI) advocates the consideration of resilience aspects in supply chain design, thus giving a competitive advantage to achieve market share even during a disruption. <s> BIB004 </s> A Literature Review on Risk Sources and Resilience Factors in Agri-Food Supply Chains <s> Supply Chain Collaboration <s> Maintaining collaboration among the entire stages in the agri-food supply chain to achieve sustainability is complex. All the stakeholders involved in the activities have to prioritize their financial benefits without putting aside social development and environmental responsibilities. Some scholars have paid attention to this topic. The objective of this paper is to review current research on sustainable supply chain and collaboration model in agri-food industry. Sustainability aspects that consist of economic, environment, and social and the model of sustainable supply chain in agri-food industry are analyzed. Moreover, collaboration in sustainable agri-food supply chain management is also studied thoroughly from vertical and horizontal perspectives. The result shows that there are few studies focusing on the integrated collaboration to achieve sustainable supply chain system. Additionally, not all sustainable aspects are covered thoroughly. The scholars pays more attention to economic and environmental aspects than social aspects. Furthermore, some studies only focus on one type of collaboration in sustainable agri-food supply chain. Often, these studies do not even consider all elements in the triple bottom line. <s> BIB005
While agri-food supply chains are extended across the globe, it is obvious that agrifood supply chains become longer than before  . The unique characteristics of agri-food products require that the agri-food supply chain maintains the food quality across the whole process from initial production to end customers  . Therefore, a high level of collaboration among agri-food supply chain entities is necessary BIB002 , BIB001 . Cao et al.  defines collaboration as "the collaborative activities of information sharing, goal congruence, joint decision making, resource sharing, incentive alignment, collaborative communication and joint knowledge creation among independent supply chain partners". Scholten and Schilder  proposed that supply chain collaboration reduces the impact of disruption through building the same goal and presenting clearly business needs. Through exploring Australian citrus supply chains, Ali and Shukran  find that long-term relationships between supply chain members could be better able to deal with divergent risks such as price fluctuation, opportunism, high operational costs, and behavioural uncertainties. Prima Dania et al. BIB005 conducted a literature review about collaboration and sustainability in agri-food supply chains. They find that vertical collaboration, horizontal collaboration and mixed vertical and horizontal collaboration have a positive effect on agri-food supply chain in term of mitigating environment impacts as well as to achieve socio-economic development. Leat and Revoredo-Giha BIB003 also find that vertical collaboration and horizontal collaboration in supply chain members can facilitate supply chain risk management after they have an in-depth investigation on ASDA Porklink supply chain in Scotland. After conducting 16 semi-structured interviews in food processing industry, Pettit et al. BIB002 concluded that information sharing, collaborative communication, mutually created knowledge and joint relationship efforts play important roles in increasing agri-food supply chain resilience. An empirical study conducted by Manos et al.  revealed that while collaboration in the daily operation is necessary for supply chain collaboration, the structure of the agri-food supply sector along with the attribute of products impinges the intensity of collaboration, to more operational and tactical level, as well as, to logistics-related activities. They also find that the intensity of collaboration can be seriously affected by trust. Finally, Soni et al. BIB004 use an interpretive structural modelling approach to analysis all major enablers of supply chain resilience. They find that supply chain collaboration is ranked second among fourteen enablers of supply chain resilience.