Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages: A Survey <s> Rao & Georgeff -belief, desire, intention architectures <s> The differences between and appropriateness of branching versus linear time temporal logic for reasoning about concurrent programs are studied. These issues have been previously considered by Lamport. To facilitate a careful examination of these issues, a language, CTL * , in which a universal or existential path quantifier can prefix an arbitrary linear time assertion, is defined. The expressive power of a number of sublanguages is then compared. CTL* is also related to the logics MPL of Abrahamson and PL of Harel, Kozen, and Parikh. The paper concludes with a comparison of the utility of branching and linear time temporal logics. <s> BIB001 </s> Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages: A Survey <s> Rao & Georgeff -belief, desire, intention architectures <s> In this paper, we examine the relationships between beliefs, goals, and intentions. In particular, we consider the formalization of the Asymmetry Thesis as proposed by Bratman [1987]. We argue that the semantic characterization of this principle determines if the resulting logic is capable of handling other important problems, such as the side-effect problem of beliefgoal-intention interaction. While Cohen and Levesque's [1990] formalization faithfully models some aspects of the asymmetry thesis, it does not solve all the side-effect problems; on the other hand the formalization provided by Rao and Georgeff [1991] solves all the side-effect problems, but only models a weak form of the asymmetry thesis. In this paper, we combine the intuition behind both these approaches and provide a semantic account of the asymmetry thesis, in both linear-time and branching-time logics, for solving many of these problems. <s> BIB002 </s> Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages: A Survey <s> Rao & Georgeff -belief, desire, intention architectures <s> Agents situated in dynamic environments can be supplied in advance with a repertoire of plans that permit them to rapidly generate appropriate sequences of actions in response to important events. When agents can form teams, new problems emerge regarding the representation and execution of joint actions. In this paper we introduce a language for representing joint plans for teams of agents, we describe how agents can organize the formation of a suitably skilled team to achieve a joint goal, and we explain how such a team can execute these plans to generate complex, synchronized team activity. The formalism provides a framework for representing and reasoning about joint actions in which various approaches to co-ordination and commitment can be explored. <s> BIB003 </s> Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages: A Survey <s> Rao & Georgeff -belief, desire, intention architectures <s> The study of situated systems that are capable of reactive and goal-directed behaviour has received increased attention in recent years. One approach to the design of such systems is based upon agent-oriented architectures. This approach has led to the development of expressive, but computationally intractable, logics for describing or specifying the behaviours of agent-oriented systems. In this paper, we present three propositional variants of such logics, with different expressive power, and analyze the computational complexity of verifying if a given property is satisfied by a given abstract agent-oriented system. We show the complexity to be linear time for one of these logics and polynomial time for another, thus providing encouraging results with respect to the practical use of such logics for verifying agent-oriented systems. <s> BIB004
As we observed earlier, there is no clear consensus in either the AI or philosophy communities about precisely which combination of information and pro-attitudes are best suited to characterising rational agents. In the work of Cohen and Levesque, described above, just two basic attitudes were used: beliefs and goals. Further attitudes, such as intention, were defined in terms of these. In related work, Rao and Georgeff have developed a logical framework for agent theory based on three primitive modalities: beliefs, desires, and intentions  BIB002 BIB004 . Their formalism is based on a branching model of time, (cf. BIB001 ), in which belief-, desire-and intention-accessible worlds are themselves branching time structures. They are particularly concerned with the notion of realism -the question of how an agent's beliefs about the future affect its desires and intentions. In other work, they also consider the potential for adding (social) plans to their formalism  BIB003 .