A Review On Cognitive Mismatch Between Computer and Information Technology And Physicians <s> B. Knowledge And Skills Of Health Professionals <s> ATTRACT is a project that intends to provide telemedicine services over Cable Television Networks. ATTRACT is an European Commission funded project (Healthcare Telematics). The main objective of ATTRACT is to take advantage of emerging European Cable Television network infrastructures and offer cost-effective care to patients at home. This will be achieved through a set of broadband network applications that competitively provide low cost interactive health-care services at home. The applications will be based on existing or developing European Cable Television network infrastructures in order to provide all kind of users with affordable homecare services. It is ATTRACT's intention that citizens and users benefit from high quality access to home telemedical services which also implies cost savings for patients, their families and the already over burdened health institutions. In addition, the European industries will have extensive opportunities to develop, evaluate and validate broadband network infrastructures providing multimedia and interactive telemedical services at home. ATTRACT contributes to the EU telecommunications and telematics policy objectives that promote the development and validation of "applications and services" which "provide an intelligent telematic environment for the patient in institutions and other points of care that helps the patient to continue, as far as possible, normal activities and external communication". <s> BIB001 </s> A Review On Cognitive Mismatch Between Computer and Information Technology And Physicians <s> B. Knowledge And Skills Of Health Professionals <s> SUMMARY This review examines the extent to which recent behavioral intervention studies conducted in community settings reported on elements of internal and external validity, with an emphasis on whether research has been conducted in representative settings with representative populations. A targeted review was conducted on community-based intervention studies that promoted good nutrition, physical activity or smoking cessation /prevention, and were published in 11 leading health behavior journals between 1996 and 2000. The RE-AIM framework (reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation and maintenance) was used to evaluate the extent to which each paper reported on elements of reach, efficacy/effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance. A total of 27 publications were reviewed. Although most studies (88%) reported participation rates among eligible members of the target audience (‘reach’), only 11% of studies reported the participation rate (‘adoption’) among eligible community-based organizations or settings. Few studies reported if participating individuals or settings were representative of those found in the broader population. Although a majority of studies (59%) reported whether the intervention was delivered (‘implementation’), few reported whether individuals maintained behavior change (30%) or whether organizations maintained or institutionalized interventions (0%). To increase the potential to translate community research findings to practice, studies should place a greater emphasis on obtaining and reporting external validity information, such as representativeness. The lack of external validity information limits researchers’ and practitioners’ ability to judge the generalizability of effects and the comparative utility of interventions. Improved reporting will facilitate implementation of proven and broadly applicable intervention strategies in communities. To make significant progress, all parties, including researchers, reviewers, editors and funders, need to take responsibility for increased emphasis on external validity information and ask what role they can best play to facilitate this process. <s> BIB002 </s> A Review On Cognitive Mismatch Between Computer and Information Technology And Physicians <s> B. Knowledge And Skills Of Health Professionals <s> Objectives: To identify success and failure factors in the design process of a regional health information system. Methods: A constructive evaluation study including interviews, observations, usability study and document analysis. Results: Modelling was found to be a key element for the successful implementation of a health information system. The developed service chain model helped to define use cases and to implement seamless service chains. User participation in the design process was a success factor resulting in good user acceptance and signs of positive impacts on work practices. Evaluation study also helped system developers to guide the system’s further development. An important failure factor identified was the lack of semantic interoperability of the system components. Conclusions: The results emphasize the socio-technical nature of health information systems. The starting point for development should be thorough insight into the health care work practices where the information systems are to be used. Successful system design should start from modelling of work processes, data and information flows and definition of concepts and their relations. Health informatics as a scientific discipline provides theories and models for the design and development process. <s> BIB003
The health care system is an information intensive domain in which timely access to quality information with accuracy is very critical. Medical professionals are one of the major stakeholders of health information technology. There are lots of barriers to acceptance of information technology by this group of stakeholders. Barriers of this knowledge gap are sociological, cultural, and organizational and technological. Some researchers reported that physicians are reluctant to introduce the systems into their practice because of time constraints BIB001 [30]  . At present healthcare professionals still seem to be lagging behind in participation in IT Development  . One important factor is knowledge and cognitive barrier as their level of information technology literacy is low to use applications of IT BIB002 . This low level even indefensibly low level of IT literacy or basic knowledge and skills is the reason argued by the health professionals. Due to this reason understanding the concepts and importance of health information systems and information technology cannot be justified by medical professionals. Nykanen and Karimaa in their research stated that the starting point for development of health information system should be to acquire an insight into the healthcare domain where the information system is going to be used BIB003 .