A review on heat and mass integration techniques for energy and material minimization during CO2 capture <s> Heat and mass exchanger networks for energy and material minimization <s> Abstract This part of the paper builds on the developments of Part 1. It starts by developing a targeting method for tray columns using detailed capital costing methods. The number of units, column diameters and tray spacings, and the distribution of units and trays will all be considered. The limitations of stages targeting are also discussed, leading to an explanation of why stages targets may be beaten, and showing how continuous contactors are more analogous to heat exchangers than stagewise contactors. A procedure for determining capital cost targets for networks of continuous contactors (usually packed columns) is then developed. Networks featuring different exchanger specifications are also dealt with. As before, capital cost targets are combined with operating cost targets to give total annual cost targets. The design of networks to meet the targets is then discussed. Systems featuring significant differences in exchanger specifications may require some deviation from ideal (vertical) driving force use. The examples presented in this part of the paper demonstrate that the targets are accurate enough for preliminary design as well as pre-design optimisation. The work in both parts of this paper reduces the amount of design work required when evaluating processes at the conceptual stage. <s> BIB001 </s> A review on heat and mass integration techniques for energy and material minimization during CO2 capture <s> Heat and mass exchanger networks for energy and material minimization <s> This paper provides a critical review of the literature on heat-exchanger network synthesis, the most commonly studied problem in process synthesis. After a review of solution methods, we present the chronological milestones in the development of the field and we discuss separately each of 461 related works leading up to the turn of the century. Then, we present several classification schemes of this body of work based on a number of modeling and algorithmic criteria. Finally, we offer a critical assessment of the current status of research in this area and provide suggestions for future research. <s> BIB002 </s> A review on heat and mass integration techniques for energy and material minimization during CO2 capture <s> Heat and mass exchanger networks for energy and material minimization <s> A fairly linear optimization model for the synthesis of mass exchange networks has been developed. Superstructure, detailed modeling equations, and solutions of example problems are presented. The predominantly linear character of the model can be kept as long as single-component mass exchange network synthesis problems and packed columns as mass exchangers are considered. At the cost of introducing nonlinear constraints, the optimization model can be extended to handle multicomponent problems and staged columns as well. The new model applies the key ideas of the simultaneous heat exchanger network synthesis model of Yee and Grossmann [Comput. Chem. Eng.1990, 14 (10), 1165-1184]. <s> BIB003 </s> A review on heat and mass integration techniques for energy and material minimization during CO2 capture <s> Heat and mass exchanger networks for energy and material minimization <s> Heat exchanger network synthesis (HENS) is faced with the dilemma of substantial nonisothermal mixing and nonconstant thermal properties of streams against the higher computational efficiency required to solve mathematical programming models with a large amount of variables and high nonlinearity. In this work, by replacing the conventional binary variable in a HENS model, a nonlinear approximation term is developed to indicate the existence of a heat exchanger so as to reduce the amount of variables and constraint as well as enhance the model’s computational efficiency. With this approximation, a new HENS model was formulated considering simultaneously nonisothermal mixing and temperature-dependent heat capacity flow rate. All the variables of the model are stated with clear upper and lower bounds. A 10-stream (5 hot process streams and 5 cold process streams) benchmark HENS problem is solved by the developed model. The results show that the proposed model can generate a better cost-optimal heat exchanger... <s> BIB004
Heat exchanger network synthesis is the most commonly studied problem in process synthesis than mass exchanger network synthesis BIB002 . The major heat transfer unit between process industries in any chemical industry is the heat exchanger BIB003 . As such, synthesis of heat exchanger networks (HENs) can been intensively studied as a systematic way to effectively minimize energy consumption in most industrial processes BIB004 . A typical heat exchanger network represents an interaction between hot and cold process streams as well as utilities, while a mass exchanger network depicts an interaction between rich and lean streams in a process to meet optimum plant requirement. Figure 13 shows a combined heat and mass exchanger network for effective heat energy and resource minimization during CO 2 capture. Heat and mass exchanger networks have been effectively synthesized using process integration methodologies such as pinch analysis and mathematical programming BIB001 ; but it has not been applied in the area of CO 2 capture for energy consumption and material minimization. Currently, pinch analysis and mathematical programming-based methods are the most popular methods for synthesizing heat and mass exchanger networks because they play very important roles in solving industrial problems with respect to heat and mass exchange. In this article, a combined network is proposed for the synthesis of heat and mass exchanger network using heat and mass integration techniques for a concurrent minimization of energy and material consumed during CO 2 capture in power plants, and presented in Fig. 13 . In addition, a schematic procedure for applying heat and mass integration in power plants is presented in Fig. 14 . In Fig. 14 