Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> PROCEEDINGS OF THE FEDCSIS. PRAGUE, 2017 <s> We present A lvis peers, a full-text P2P retrieval engine designed to offer retrieval performance comparable to centralized solutions while scaling to a very large number of peers. It is the result of our research efforts within the project Alvis 1 European FP 6 STREP project ALVIS, http://www.alvis.info/ that aims at building a truly-distributed semantic search engine. To cope with problem of unscalable bandwidth consumption in the P2P network, the engine implements a novel retrieval model that indexes highly-discriminative keys (HDKs)---terms and term sets appearing in a limited number of collection documents. Our prototype is a fully-functional retrieval engine built over a structured P2P network. It includes a component for HDK based indexing and retrieval, and a distributed content-based ranking module. Such an integrated system represents a substantial contribution to the design and development of realistic P2P retrieval systems. <s> BIB001 </s> Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> PROCEEDINGS OF THE FEDCSIS. PRAGUE, 2017 <s> A fundamental principle for reusing software assets is providing means to access them. Information retrieval mechanisms assisted by semantic initiatives, play a very important role in finding relevant reusable assets. In this context, this paper presents a semantic search tool in order to improve the precision of search returns. Furthermore, the requirements, the decomposition of architectural module and aspects of implementation are presented. <s> BIB002 </s> Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> PROCEEDINGS OF THE FEDCSIS. PRAGUE, 2017 <s> Developing technology and increasing usage of computers around the world make Internet a convenient tool for Distance Education (DE) systems. Learning Management Systems-(LMSs) of DE around the world serve content-based courses to students/users via static pages on the Web. Additionally, querying for specific course content of an entire course in LMS is only possible by syntactic-based search agents which limit the search. Therefore, it is thought that querying of contents through semantic-based approaches would make LMSs more helpful for a student/user through the Semantic Web (SW) approach. Queries can be meaning based and this can enable the system to make meaningful inference in human-computer interaction. In this article, we propose a system architecture that performs semantic -- based searches through an agent in order to plan student-based schedule of course documents automatically according to student's performance in the course of a semester. OWL language of the SW technology is used during the development of the ontology of the LMS system that is used as a knowledgebase and queried to obtain required data. In this article, we concentrate on developing the system as a module for a LMS currently in use. <s> BIB003 </s> Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> PROCEEDINGS OF THE FEDCSIS. PRAGUE, 2017 <s> Due to the increased amount of available biodiversity data, many biodiversity research institutions are now making their databases openly available on the web. Researchers in the field use this databases to extract new knowledge and also share their own discoveries. However, when these researchers need to find relevant information in the data, they still rely on the traditional search approach, based on text matching, that is not appropriate to be used in these large amounts of heterogeneous biodiversity's data, leading to search results with low precision and recall. We present a new architecture that tackle this problem using a semantic search system for biodiversity data. Semantic search aims to improve search accuracy by using ontologies to understand user objectives and the contextual meaning of terms used in the search to generate more relevant results. Biodiversity data is mapped to terms from relevant ontologies, such as Darwin Core, DBpedia, Ontobio and Catalogue of Life, stored using semantic web formats and queried using semantic web tools (such as triple stores). A prototype semantic search tool was successfully implemented and evaluated by users from the National Research Institute for the Amazon (INPA). Our results show that the semantic search approach has a better precision (28% improvement) and recall (25% improvement) when compared to keyword based search, when used in a big set of representative biodiversity data (206,000 records) from INPA and the Emilio Gueldi Museum in Para (MPEG). We also show that, because the biodiversity data is now in semantic web format and mapped to ontology terms, it is easy to enhance it with information from other sources, an example using deforestation data (from the National Institute of Space Research - INPE) to enrich collection data is shown. <s> BIB004
• Reasoning components, for example ontologies or inference engines. These are responsible for generating the answers based on the user queries and the knowledge stored in the systems. As it can be seen, usually the ontologies are customized for the field or domain where they will be applied (e.g. BIB004 and  ). It is worth mentioning the work of Çelik et al. BIB003 where inference rules based on ontologies are proposed for the reasoning component of their semantic search engine for a Learning Management System (LMS). • User interfaces, usually as web forms (e.g. BIB003 ) where users formulates their search query. It is worth noticing the case of  , which proposes a guided user interface, whereas others are plug-ins that need to be installed in another application in order to be available to the user BIB002 . In the case of the architecture patterns identified, the majority of the studies reported that a multitier (N tier) architecture was applied in the proposed solution. This leads to design the modules as layers that are loosely coupled, customized for a specific functionality. There are two specialized cases: in BIB001 a peer-to-peer design is proposed because of the distributed nature of the engine, where each node has its indexer and processes documents that are available for other nodes through web services. In BIB002 , a client application (i.e. a plug-in for a developer's integrated development environment -IDE) is designed to be used by users, which displays the search results (mainly source code files).