Mobile Systems Development - A literature review <s> Architecture <s> It is expected that in the near future, tens of millions of users will have access to distributed information systems through wireless connections. The technical characteristics of the wireless medium and the resulting mobility of both data resources and data consumers raise new challenging questions regarding the development of information systems appropriate for mobile environments. In this paper, we report on the development of such a system. First, we describe the general architecture of the information system and the main considerations of our design. Then, based on these considerations, we present our system support for maintaining the consistency of replicated data and for providing transaction schemas that account for the frequent but predictable disconnections, the mobility, and the vulnerability of the wireless environment. <s> BIB001 </s> Mobile Systems Development - A literature review <s> Architecture <s> Recent advances in wireless data networking and portable information appliances have engendered a new paradigm of computing, called mobile computing , in which users carrying portable devices have access to data and information services regardless of their physical location or movement behavior. In the meantime, research addressing information access in mobile environments has proliferated. In this survey, we provide a concrete framework and categorization of the various ways of supporting mobile client-server computing for information access. We examine characteristics of mobility that distinguish mobile client-server computing from its traditional counterpart. We provide a comprehensive analysis of new paradigms and enabler concepts for mobile client-server computing, including mobile-aware adaptation, extended client-server model, and mobile data access. A comparative and detailed review of major research prototypes for mobile information access is also presented. <s> BIB002 </s> Mobile Systems Development - A literature review <s> Architecture <s> Future wireless networks will offer near-ubiquitous high-bandwidth communications to mobile users. In addition, the accurate position of users will be known, either through network services or via additional sensing devices such as GPS. These characteristics of future mobile environments will enable the development of location-aware and, more generally, context-sensitive applications. In an attempt to explore the system, application, and user issues associated with the development and deployment of such applications, we began to develop the Lancaster GUIDE system in early 1997, finishing the first phase of the project in 1999. In its entirety, GUIDE comprises a citywide wireless network based on 802.11, a context-sensitive tour guide application with, crucially, significant content, and a set of supporting distributed systems services. Uniquely in the field, GUIDE has been evaluated using members of the general public, and we have gained significant experience in the design of usable context-sensitive applications. We focus on the applications and supporting infrastructure that will form part of GUIDE II, the successor to the GUIDE system. These developments are designed to expand GUIDE outside the tour guide domain, and to provide applications and services for residents of the city of Lancaster, offering a vision of the future mobile environments that will emerge once ubiquitous high-bandwidth coverage is available in most cities. <s> BIB003 </s> Mobile Systems Development - A literature review <s> Architecture <s> In this article we address delivering highly personalized context sensitive (i.e., time and location dependent) information to mobile clients. We believe providing highly personalized information to mobile clients from a variety of resources like e-mail servers, Web servers, and content providers will be an important service. Mobile network operators can play a major role in delivering this information to users by being strategically positioned between customers and content/service providers. Currently, many mobile network operators (MNO) and software companies are offering some personalized services. However the level of personalization is limited to choosing from available content links, icons and services. We believe that the mobile clients will benefit from a much higher level of personalization where it is possible to express complex queries involving a variety of data resources. For such a system to gain acceptance by the users, the process of defining personalized information (that is, user profiles) must be very easy for the user. The most important objective of such systems should be to provide scalability, that is, acceptable performance when the number of users increases dramatically. The article also elaborates on the nature of location dependent services. <s> BIB004
The architecture is an essential area for development organizations. If developing location-based services, which imply an enormous load of requests on the underlying database management system, what architectural implications does this have? The architectural challenges have received a great deal of attention, see e.g., BIB001 BIB002  BIB003   . Two examples on studies in which a specific system architecture has been discussed and elaborated on are  and  .  discuss the architectural requirements for a mobile agent system. They contribute by developing a framework adding to an increased understanding of the architectural requirements and issues related to designing and implementing a mobile agent system. The other example represents system architectures within mobile commerce. One of the complex issues for architectures in mobile commerce is that of ensuring correct management of monetary transactions BIB004  .  propose a scalable framework based on the Java Intelligent Network Infrastructure (JINI) capable of handling complex business transactions from a varied set of services.