Magnetic Sensors Based on Amorphous Ferromagnetic Materials: A Review <s> (b) Biosensors <s> A targeted detection of gastric cancer cells is achieved by combining the giant magnetoimpedance (GMI)-based biosensing system and RGD-4C peptide coupled, chitosan covered superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (RGD-Fe(3)O(4)@chitosan). The micro-patterned GMI sensor for targeted detection is made of Co-based ribbon and fabricated by micro electromechanical system (MEMS) technology. Functionalized nanoparticles were designed by coating Fe(3)O(4) with chitosan and conjugating with RGD-4C peptides. The targeted cells were trickled down into the detection area of the system. The detection of each sample is carried out in ten-fold manner and average value is taken as the final result. This system can identify the differences between targeted cells and non-targeted cells. It is of considerable interest due to its potential application in the biomedical field of various specific detections. <s> BIB001 </s> Magnetic Sensors Based on Amorphous Ferromagnetic Materials: A Review <s> (b) Biosensors <s> A new concept of a high-frequency amplitude detector and demodulator for Giant-Magneto-Impedance (GMI) sensors is presented. This concept combines a half wave rectifier, with outstanding capabilities and high speed, and a feedback approach that ensures the amplitude detection with easily adjustable gain. The developed detector is capable of measuring high-frequency and very low amplitude signals without the use of diode-based active rectifiers or analog multipliers. The performances of this detector are addressed throughout the paper. The full circuitry of the design is given, together with a comprehensive theoretical study of the concept and experimental validation. The detector has been used for the amplitude measurement of both single frequency and pulsed signals and for the demodulation of amplitude-modulated signals. It has also been successfully integrated in a GMI sensor prototype. Magnetic field and electrical current measurements in open- and closed-loop of this sensor have also been conducted. <s> BIB002 </s> Magnetic Sensors Based on Amorphous Ferromagnetic Materials: A Review <s> (b) Biosensors <s> A Dynabeads-labeled magnetic immunoassay (MIA) has been developed by using an integrated giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) biosensor for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The GMI biosensor (Cr/Cu/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/Al2O3/Cr/Au films) integrated magnetic sensing elements and a biomolecular immunoplatform. Au film was modified with 11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) for the immobilization of AFP monoclonal antibody. Double antibody sandwich immunoassay was used to specifically capture and label AFP antigen. Functionalized Dynabeads were conjugated to AFP antigen by streptavidin-biotin binding assay. GMI responses were measured for sensitive detection of AFP from 1 to 10ng/ml. Our results revealed that the presence of AFP on the biosensor improved the GMI effect owing to the induced magnetic dipole of superparamagnetic Dynabeads, and the GMI ratio was greatly increased at high frequency. Specificity of MIA was tested through the use of 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA). The underlying biophysical mechanisms responsible for the enhanced GMI effect in the detection of AFP were discussed. This work provides a complex lab-on-chip MIA for the detection of biomarker, which may open up a new way for the development of GMI-based MIA in clinical trials. <s> BIB003
The high sensitivity of GMI sensors positioned them in an ideal position for use in the development of magnetic biosensors. A magnetic biosensor detects magnetic field variations caused by magnetic microparticles used as biomarkers BIB002 . Compared to other detection techniques such as fluorescent markers or electrochemical measurements, the use of magnetic biomarkers has many advantages. The device designed by Wang et al. BIB001 has been tested in tumor tissues and identifies gastric cancer cells. The biosensor comprises GMI sensors and magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic nanoparticles are attached to cancer cells so that when an external magnetic field is applied nanoparticles align with the field and cause a change in the magnetoimpedance sensor. More recently an integrated giant magnetoimpedance biosensor for detection of biomarker has been developed BIB003 .