Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> This is a comprehensive guide covering both the theory of basic networking technologies as well as practical solutions to networking problems. Networking concepts explained plainly with emphasis on how networks work together Practical solutions backed up with examples and case studies Balance of topics reflects modern environments Instructor and Student book site support including motivational courseware <s> BIB001 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> IOT refers to the third scientific and economic tide after computer, Internet in the global information industry, having attracted highly attention of governments, enterprises, and academia, and brought a huge new market for the communication industry. At present, global main operators and equipment suppliers begin to provide M2M business and solution. Here mainly introduces the concept of IOT, analyses the structure of IOT: perception layer, network layer, application layer. Sets forth the key technologies of IOT: RFID, network communication, etc. At length, it proposes the future development and reform trend of IOT. <s> BIB002 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> The emergence of mobile and ubiquitous technologies as important tools to complement formal learning has been accompanied by a growing interest in their educational benefits and applications. Mobile devices can be used to promote learning anywhere and anytime, to foster social learning and knowledge sharing, or to visualize augmented reality applications for learning purposes. However, the development of these applications is difficult for many researchers because it requires understanding many different protocols; dealing with distributed schemas, processes, platforms, and services; learning new programming languages; and interacting with different hardware sensors and drivers. For that reason, the use of frameworks and middleware that encapsulate part of this complexity appears to be fundamental to the further development of mobile learning projects. This study analyzes the state of the art of frameworks and middleware devoted to simplifying the development of mobile and ubiquitous learning applications. The results can be useful to many researchers involved in the development of projects using these technologies by providing an overview of the features implemented in each of these frameworks. <s> BIB003 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> The Internet is continuously changing and evolving. The main communication form of present Internet is human-human. The Internet of Things (IoT) can be considered as the future evaluation of the Internet that realizes machine-to-machine (M2M) learning. Thus, IoT provides connectivity for everyone and everything. The IoT embeds some intelligence in Internet-connected objects to communicate, exchange information, take decisions, invoke actions and provide amazing services. This paper addresses the existing development trends, the generic architecture of IoT, its distinguishing features and possible future applications. This paper also forecast the key challenges associated with the development of IoT. The IoT is getting increasing popularity for academia, industry as well as government that has the potential to bring significant personal, professional and economic benefits. <s> BIB004 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> Based upon cognitive radio technology, we propose a new Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications paradigm, namely Cognitive M2M (CM2M) communication. We first motivate the use of cognitive radio technology in M2M communications from different point of views, including technical, applications, industry support, and standardization perspectives. Then, our CM2M network architecture and cognitive machine model are presented and the CM2M systems coexistence in TV white spaces is discussed. After that, a CM2M communications architecture for the smart grid is presented, for which we also propose an energy-efficiency driven spectrum discovery scheme. Numerical results demonstrate significant energy saving and the reliability in supporting data transmissions in the smart grid. <s> BIB005 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> As we are moving towards the Internet of Things (IoT), the number of sensors deployed around the world is growing at a rapid pace. Market research has shown a significant growth of sensor deployments over the past decade and has predicted a significant increment of the growth rate in the future. These sensors continuously generate enormous amounts of data. However, in order to add value to raw sensor data we need to understand it. Collection, modelling, reasoning, and distribution of context in relation to sensor data plays critical role in this challenge. Context-aware computing has proven to be successful in understanding sensor data. In this paper, we survey context awareness from an IoT perspective. We present the necessary background by introducing the IoT paradigm and context-aware fundamentals at the beginning. Then we provide an in-depth analysis of context life cycle. We evaluate a subset of projects (50) which represent the majority of research and commercial solutions proposed in the field of context-aware computing conducted over the last decade (2001-2011) based on our own taxonomy. Finally, based on our evaluation, we highlight the lessons to be learnt from the past and some possible directions for future research. The survey addresses a broad range of techniques, methods, models, functionalities, systems, applications, and middleware solutions related to context awareness and IoT. Our goal is not only to analyse, compare and consolidate past research work but also to appreciate their findings and discuss their applicability towards the IoT. <s> BIB006 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> The traditional view of Internet of Things (IoT) attempts to connect all the physical objects to build a global, infrastructure-based IoT. In this paper, however, we will present opportunistic IoT, which is formed based on the ad hoc, opportunistic networking of devices (e.g., mobile phones and smart vehicles) using short-range radio techniques (e.g., Bluetooth and Wi-Fi). The opportunistic IoT demonstrates inherently the close relationship between human and opportunistic connection of smart things. It enables information forwarding and dissemination within and among the opportunistic communities formed based on the movement and opportunistic contact nature of human. We characterize the bi-directional effects between human and opportunistic IoT, discuss the technical challenges faced by this new research field, and propose a reference architecture for developing opportunistic IoT systems. Some of our ongoing practices, including opportunistic mobile social networking, opportunistic marketing, and community service provision are further presented to demonstrate the potential application areas and technical solutions of opportunistic IoT. <s> BIB007 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> a b s t r a c t The convergence of social networking and mobile computing is expected to generate a new class of applications, called Mobile Social Networking (MSN) applications, that will be of significant importance for the coming years. Indeed, MSN enhances the capabilities of more traditional Online Social Networking (OSN) to a great extent by enabling mobile users to benefit from opportunistically created social communities; these communities should be determined not only by common interests or contacts but also by mobility-related context, such as physical location and co-presence. In this paper we precisely define what we intend for MSN applications and overview the primary MSN support solutions available in the current literature and that specifically address the underlying technical challenges, design issues, and emerging middleware guidelines. Our primary goal is to identify engineering design criteria for future MSN middleware solutions, capable to flexibly adapt to different application domains and deployment requirements. To this purpose, we present a novel taxonomy of MSN structures and describe how various existing middleware approaches fit the proposed classification; moreover, the survey takes the opportunity of these descriptions to discuss related middleware design/implementation choices determining specific tradeoffs between expressive power, flexibility, and scalability. <s> BIB008 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> The rapidly emerging area of pervasive computing faces many challenging research issues critical to application developers. Wide heterogeneity of hardware, software, and network resources pose veritable coordination problems and demand thorough knowledge of individual elements and technologies. In order to ease this problem and to aid application developers, different middleware platforms have been proposed by researchers. Though the existing middleware solutions are useful, they themselves have varied features and contribute partially, for context, data, or service management related application developments. There is no single middleware solution that can address a majority of pervasive computing application development issues, due to the diverse underlying challenges. In this survey paper, we identify different design dimensions of pervasive computing middleware and investigate their use in providing various system services. In-depth analysis of the system services have been carried out and middleware systems have been carefully studied. With a view to aid future middleware developers, we also identify some challenging open research issues that have received little or no attention in existing middleware solutions. <s> BIB009 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> The Internet of Things (IoT) is growing at a fast pace with new devices getting connected all the time. A new emerging group of these devices is the wearable devices, and the wireless sensor networks are a good way to integrate them in the IoT concept and bring new experiences to the daily life activities. In this paper, we present an everyday life application involving a WSN as the base of a novel context-awareness sports scenario, where physiological parameters are measured and sent to the WSN by wearable devices. Applications with several hardware components introduce the problem of heterogeneity in the network. In order to integrate different hardware platforms and to introduce a service-oriented semantic middleware solution into a single application, we propose the use of an enterprise service bus (ESB) as a bridge for guaranteeing interoperability and integration of the different environments, thus introducing a semantic added value needed in the world of IoT-based systems. This approach places all the data acquired (e.g., via internet data access) at application developers disposal, opening the system to new user applications. The user can then access the data through a wide variety of devices (smartphones, tablets, and computers) and operating systems (Android, iOS, Windows, Linux, etc.). <s> BIB010 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> In this paper, we have reported an effective implementation for Internet of Things used for monitoring regular domestic conditions by means of low cost ubiquitous sensing system. The description about the integrated network architecture and the interconnecting mechanisms for the reliable measurement of parameters by smart sensors and transmission of data via internet is being presented. The longitudinal learning system was able to provide a self-control mechanism for better operation of the devices in monitoring stage. The framework of the monitoring system is based on a combination of pervasive distributed sensing units, information system for data aggregation, and reasoning and context awareness. Results are encouraging as the reliability of sensing information transmission through the proposed integrated network architecture is 97%. The prototype was tested to generate real-time graphical information rather than a test bed scenario. <s> BIB011 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> Internet-of-Things (IoT) is the convergence of Internet with RFID, Sensor and smart objects. IoT can be defined as “things belonging to the Internet” to supply and access all of real-world information. Billions of devices are expected to be associated into the system and that shall require huge distribution of networks as well as the process of transforming raw data into meaningful inferences. IoT is the biggest promise of the technology today, but still lacking a novel mechanism, which can be perceived through the lenses of Internet, things and semantic vision. This paper presents a novel architecture model for IoT with the help of Semantic Fusion Model (SFM). This architecture introduces the use of Smart Semantic framework to encapsulate the processed information from sensor networks. The smart embedded system is having semantic logic and semantic value based Information to make the system an intelligent system. This paper presents a discussion on Internet oriented applications, services, visual aspect and challenges for Internet of things using RFID, 6lowpan and sensor networks. <s> BIB012 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> The advances in cloud computing and internet of things (IoT) have provided a promising opportunity to resolve the challenges caused by the increasing transportation issues. We present a novel multilayered vehicular data cloud platform by using cloud computing and IoT technologies. Two innovative vehicular data cloud services, an intelligent parking cloud service and a vehicular data mining cloud service, for vehicle warranty analysis in the IoT environment are also presented. Two modified data mining models for the vehicular data mining cloud service, a Naive Bayes model and a Logistic Regression model, are presented in detail. Challenges and directions for future work are also provided. <s> BIB013 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> Design and operation of a manufacturing enterprise involve numerous types of decision-making at various levels and domains. A complex system has a large number of design variables and decision-making requires real-time data collected from machines, processes, and business environments. Enterprise systems (ESs) are used to support data acquisition, communication, and all decision-making activities. Therefore, information technology (IT) infrastructure for data acquisition and sharing affects the performance of an ES greatly. Our objective is to investigate the impact of emerging Internet of Things (IoT) on ESs in modern manufacturing. To achieve this objective, the evolution of manufacturing system paradigms is discussed to identify the requirements of decision support systems in dynamic and distributed environments; recent advances in IT are overviewed and associated with next-generation manufacturing paradigms; and the relation of IT infrastructure and ESs is explored to identify the technological gaps in adopting IoT as an IT infrastructure of ESs. The future research directions in this area are discussed. <s> BIB014 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> Internet of Things (IoT) makes all objects become interconnected and smart, which has been recognized as the next technological revolution. As its typical case, IoT-based smart rehabilitation systems are becoming a better way to mitigate problems associated with aging populations and shortage of health professionals. Although it has come into reality, critical problems still exist in automating design and reconfiguration of such a system enabling it to respond to the patient's requirements rapidly. This paper presents an ontology-based automating design methodology (ADM) for smart rehabilitation systems in IoT. Ontology aids computers in further understanding the symptoms and medical resources, which helps to create a rehabilitation strategy and reconfigure medical resources according to patients' specific requirements quickly and automatically. Meanwhile, IoT provides an effective platform to interconnect all the resources and provides immediate information interaction. Preliminary experiments and clinical trials demonstrate valuable information on the feasibility, rapidity, and effectiveness of the proposed methodology. <s> BIB015 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> Actualizing Internet of Things undoubtedly constitutes a major challenge of modern computing and is a promising next step in realizing the unification of all seamlessly interacting entities, either human users or participating machines, under a shared, coherent architecture. While it has now become common belief that the related solutions should be based on compatible network infrastructure employing widely accepted communication schemes, the specifics of the intermediate system that would act as global interface for all involved "things" are yet to be determined. A rising trend to define such machine-based entities is through cyber-physical systems, in terms of collaborating elements with physical input and output. Certainly, sensor networks constitute the most representative realization of such systems. Taking these issues and opportunities under consideration, this work proposes a bioinspired distributed architecture for an Internet of Things that exhibits self-organization properties to enable efficient interaction between entities modeled as cyber-physical systems, mainly focusing on sensor networks. Furthermore, a middleware has been implemented according to the proposed architecture, which serves the role of the backbone of this network as a multiagent and autonomous distributed system. The evaluation results demonstrate the self-optimization properties of the introduced scheme and indicate global network convergence. <s> BIB016 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> To provide public logistics services, Supply Hub in Industrial Park (SHIP) is facing challenges on getting real-time interactions with its member enterprises, and real-time tracing and tracking of its assets. The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) offers a possible solution to achieve real-time visibility and information sharing, as well as appropriate level of intelligence. This paper proposes an IoT-enabled SHIP for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of sharing physical assets and services. First, an overview of IoT-enabled SHIP is presented by highlighting three key components: Physical Asset Service System (PASS), information infrastructure, and decision support system. PASS is introduced as a new business model for supporting the sharing approach. Second, the relevant state-of-the-art literature is reviewed by examining several representative pilot projects worldwide. Third, future research opportunities are discussed along five dimensions including IoT infrastructure, business models, decision models, synchronization mechanisms, and impact analysis. Research gaps are highlighted and key research questions worthy of further exploration are presented. It is hoped that this work is valuable and beneficial to researchers who wish to extend their research into this new and exciting area, and to identify new research opportunities. <s> BIB017 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> With the accelerated development of Internet-of-Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are gaining importance in the continued advancement of information and communication technologies, and have been connected and integrated with the Internet in vast industrial applications. However, given the fact that most wireless sensor devices are resource constrained and operate on batteries, the communication overhead and power consumption are therefore important issues for WSNs design. In order to efficiently manage these wireless sensor devices in a unified manner, the industrial authorities should be able to provide a network infrastructure supporting various WSN applications and services that facilitate the management of sensor-equipped real-world entities. This paper presents an overview of industrial ecosystem, technical architecture, industrial device management standards, and our latest research activity in developing a WSN management system. The key approach to enable efficient and reliable management of WSN within such an infrastructure is a cross-layer design of lightweight and cloud-based RESTful Web service. <s> BIB018 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> This paper provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) with emphasis on enabling technologies, protocols, and application issues. The IoT is enabled by the latest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologies, and Internet protocols. The basic premise is to have smart sensors collaborate directly without human involvement to deliver a new class of applications. The current revolution in Internet, mobile, and machine-to-machine (M2M) technologies can be seen as the first phase of the IoT. In the coming years, the IoT is expected to bridge diverse technologies to enable new applications by connecting physical objects together in support of intelligent decision making. This paper starts by providing a horizontal overview of the IoT. Then, we give an overview of some technical details that pertain to the IoT enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. Compared to other survey papers in the field, our objective is to provide a more thorough summary of the most relevant protocols and application issues to enable researchers and application developers to get up to speed quickly on how the different protocols fit together to deliver desired functionalities without having to go through RFCs and the standards specifications. We also provide an overview of some of the key IoT challenges presented in the recent literature and provide a summary of related research work. Moreover, we explore the relation between the IoT and other emerging technologies including big data analytics and cloud and fog computing. We also present the need for better horizontal integration among IoT services. Finally, we present detailed service use-cases to illustrate how the different protocols presented in the paper fit together to deliver desired IoT services. <s> BIB019 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> Abstract Wireless sensor networks have increasingly become contributors of very large amounts of data. The recent deployment of wireless sensor networks in Smart City infrastructures has led to very large amounts of data being generated each day across a variety of domains, with applications including environmental monitoring, healthcare monitoringand transport monitoring. To take advantage of the increasing amounts of data there is a need for new methods and techniques for effective data management and analysis to generate information that can assist in managing the utilization of resources intelligently and dynamically. Through this research,a Multi-Level Smart City architecture is proposed based on semantic web technologies and Dempster-Shafer uncertainty theory. The proposed architecture is described and explained in terms of its functionality and some real-time context-aware scenarios. <s> BIB020 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> It is expected that cognitive machine-to-machine (M2M) communications in smart grid networks will be indispensable in the near future. In this paper, after discussing the motivation of cognitive M2M communications in a smart grid network, we design a cognitive medium access control (MAC) protocol, keeping in view the unique features of M2M devices and smart grid communication requirements. We propose the use of packet reservation multiple access (PRMA), carry out its feasibility study, and adapt and significantly enhance it with modifications particularly tailored for M2M environments. The proposed protocol is centralized in nature and utilizes a specialized frame structure for supporting the coexistence of the cognitive M2M network with the primary network. This frame structure is further optimized, considering different tradeoffs pertaining to primary network protection and the utility of a secondary M2M network. Performance evaluation is carried out by analytical modeling and simulation studies. We also present a case study for application of the proposed protocol in advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) networks under the dynamics of power systems. <s> BIB021 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications enables networked devices to exchange information among each other as well as with business application servers and therefore creates what is known as the Internet-of-Things (IoT). The research community has a consensus for the need of a standardized protocol stack for M2M communications. On the other hand, cognitive radio technology is very promising for M2M communications due to a number of factors. It is expected that cognitive M2M communications will be indispensable in order to realize the vision of IoT. However cognitive M2M communications requires a cognitive radio-enabled protocol stack in addition to the fundamental requirements of energy efficiency, reliability, and Internet connectivity. The main objective of this paper is to provide the state of the art in cognitive M2M communications from a protocol stack perspective. This paper covers the emerging standardization efforts and the latest developments on protocols for cognitive M2M networks. In addition, this paper also presents the authors’ recent work in this area, which includes a centralized cognitive medium access control (MAC) protocol, a distributed cognitive MAC protocol, and a specially designed routing protocol for cognitive M2M networks. These protocols explicitly account for the peculiarities of cognitive radio environments. Performance evaluation demonstrates that the proposed protocols not only ensure protection to the primary users (PUs) but also fulfil the utility requirements of the secondary M2M networks. <s> BIB022 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> Over the last few years, the convincing forward steps in the development of Internet of Things (IoT)-enabling solutions are spurring the advent of novel and fascinating applications. Among others, mainly radio frequency identification (RFID), wireless sensor network (WSN), and smart mobile technologies are leading this evolutionary trend. In the wake of this tendency, this paper proposes a novel, IoT-aware, smart architecture for automatic monitoring and tracking of patients, personnel, and biomedical devices within hospitals and nursing institutes. Staying true to the IoT vision, we propose a smart hospital system (SHS), which relies on different, yet complementary, technologies, specifically RFID, WSN, and smart mobile, interoperating with each other through a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)/IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area network (6LoWPAN)/representational state transfer (REST) network infrastructure. The SHS is able to collect, in real time, both environmental conditions and patients’ physiological parameters via an ultra-low-power hybrid sensing network (HSN) composed of 6LoWPAN nodes integrating UHF RFID functionalities. Sensed data are delivered to a control center where an advanced monitoring application (MA) makes them easily accessible by both local and remote users via a REST web service. The simple proof of concept implemented to validate the proposed SHS has highlighted a number of key capabilities and aspects of novelty, which represent a significant step forward compared to the actual state of the art. <s> BIB023 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> IoT Architecture. <s> The Internet of Things (IoT) envisages a future in which digital and physical things or objects (e.g., smartphones, TVs, cars) can be connected by means of suitable information and communication technologies, to enable a range of applications and services. The IoT’s characteristics, including an ultra-large-scale network of things, device and network level heterogeneity, and large numbers of events generated spontaneously by these things, will make development of the diverse applications and services a very challenging task. In general, middleware can ease a development process by integrating heterogeneous computing and communications devices, and supporting interoperability within the diverse applications and services. Recently, there have been a number of proposals for IoT middleware. These proposals mostly addressed wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a key component of IoT, but do not consider RF identification (RFID), machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), other three core elements in the IoT vision. In this paper, we outline a set of requirements for IoT middleware, and present a comprehensive review of the existing middleware solutions against those requirements. In addition, open research issues, challenges, and future research directions are highlighted. <s> BIB024
The future is approaching a new paradigm of networks with huge numbers of devices. The idea of 5G (beyond 4G) refers to networks with improved QoS, huge capacity, enhanced data rate, and, overall, a feasible architecture to sustain the aforementioned features. The influential parts of 5G networks include D2D communication, which can be interpreted as the idea of IoT. IoT comprises the technologies of smart sensors, RFID, machineto-machine (M2M), IP, communication systems, and so on. This part of the paper focuses on the different emerging IoT architectures suitable for future-generation 5G networks. IoT architecture has evolved with the evolution of the Internet. The first phase of IoT evolution entailed communication among several computers through a computer network. However, the World Wide Web (WWW) was launched in 1991 to connect all computers worldwide BIB001 BIB006 . Further technological advances have connected the users of various types of electronic devices with computers under the same platform by connecting to the cloud network  . Finally, the idea of IoT was conceived to give shape to the world by connecting everything. IoT is the network that can adopt and connect anything that anyone can imagine BIB007 . IoT architectures can be classified into several types because it is absolutely difficult to merge the architectures proposed for various IoT applications into a single model BIB012 . A scheme for classifying IoT architectures is shown in Figure 8 . Several authors have proposed three-layer-based simple IoT architectures that comprise an application layer, a network layer, and perception layer BIB004 BIB002 . Middlewarebased IoT architectures consist of a greater number of layers, including the coordinate layer next to the middleware layer BIB016 BIB003 . In addition, the perception layer has a shared option for combining other edge technology and the access layer BIB008 BIB009 . Service-oriented architecture (SOA) has different layers, unlike middleware-based architecture. It has five layers, namely, the objects layer, object abstraction layer, service management layer, service composition layer, and application layer BIB017 BIB018 . However, common IoT networks have an architecture comprising five fundamental layers, namely, the objects layer, object abstraction layer, service management layer, application layer, and management layer. The first and foremost layer is the objects layer, which is similar to the perception layer that embodies physical devices, and an IoT architecture might contain heterogeneous devices in the network. Next is the object abstraction layer, which is used for the conveying the data generated by the devices BIB019 . Various technologies are used for data transfer, for instance, the 5G network uses RFID, WiFi, Bluetooth, UWB, and ZigBee. Cloud computing technology, too, is deployed in this layer. Then, there is the service management layer, and it is responsible for application programmer management, which entails ensuring compatibility with any hardware platform by processing the generated data. The application layer affords customers with services as requested. This layer includes different types of services such as smart city BIB020 , smart wearable device BIB010 , smart vehicle BIB013 , smart home BIB011 , smart healthcare  , and industrial automation BIB014 . The self-characteristics of IoT should cope with the emerging future-generation 5G networks. The basic infrastructure of IoT has the characteristics of heterogeneous devices, resource-constrained, flexible infrastructure, dynamic network, distributed network, ultra-large-scale network, large number of events, spontaneous interaction, location awareness, and intelligence BIB024 . However, the idea of the future-generation 5G network possesses the characteristics of IoT networks. The simplified architecture of the 5G network is shown in Figure 9 to demonstrate that the emerging IoT architecture can deal with it. It is assumed that the 5G network might connect 50 billion devices to the cloud by 2020. The 5G network will cause a 10-100x increase in the number of devices, 10-100x increase in data rate, 1000x increase in data volume, 10x increase in device battery life, and 5x decrease in latency. The 5G network embraces some important technologies such as radio access, MIMO, mobility management, interference management, and massive spectrum to achieve compatibility with the IoT networks included in the METIS project. To handle different issues with these technologies, some mechanisms have been proposed in the METIS project  . D2D communications is one of the proposed methods that helps maintain an ultra-large-scale network using flexible infrastructure. However, massive machine communication (MMC), another solution, is the base of IoT in terms of interconnecting a huge number of devices across different smart technologies. Furthermore, moving network (MN), ultra-dense network (UDN), and ultra-reliable network (URN) are some other proposed solutions for mobility management, interference mitigation, capacity achievement, and so on. Several studies on different types of services for IoT have been and are being carried out. A few vital architectures of the enabling technologies for the future-generation 5G network have been surveyed. M2M-based communication architecture for cognitive radio network has been demonstrated for IoT BIB021 BIB005 BIB022 . The architecture of the M2M network in IoT is shown in Figure 10 . The relationship between the infrastructure layer and the application layer is maintained by the network layer, which is mainly a communication network. The infrastructure layer includes the M2M devices and gateway, while the application layer comprises the users, management interface, and the M2M server. The M2M server is the core of the architecture, and it integrates the overall system for the required services such as traffic management, smart healthcare systems, and so forth. However, the object database (DB) also sends user information preserved in the DB by users in the form of SMS, email, video, and so on. The IMS server is connected to the M2M server, which is situated in the network layer. The GPRS server and gateway are the main components of the network layer that help the IMS server by collecting vehicle location in the system. The application layer and the network layer are connected through the Internet, while the infrastructure layer and the network layer are linked together by the gateway or some protocol. M2M devices update the M2M server through the network layer by using the information of M2M devices (i.e., body sensors, smart devices, other devices). The user interface provides access to the user and manages user data. The network layer, which consists of a WPAN/WLAN network and an IoT gateway, connects the user interface with the management interface. The management interface monitors user data, takes initiatives as necessary, and informs the respective body about the situation  BIB015 BIB023 .