Computational workload in biometric identification systems: an overview <s> Feature Extraction <s> A major new professional reference work on fingerprint security systems and technology from leading international researchers in the field. Handbook provides authoritative and comprehensive coverage of all major topics, concepts, and methods for fingerprint security systems. This unique reference work is an absolutely essential resource for all biometric security professionals, researchers, and systems administrators. <s> BIB001 </s> Computational workload in biometric identification systems: an overview <s> Feature Extraction <s> Biometrics is a rapidly evolving field with applications ranging from accessing ones computer to gaining entry into a country. The deployment of large-scale biometric systems in both commercial and government applications has increased public awareness of this technology. Recent years have seen significant growth in biometric research resulting in the development of innovative sensors, new algorithms, enhanced test methodologies and novel applications. This book addresses this void by inviting some of the prominent researchers in Biometrics to contribute chapters describing the fundamentals as well as the latest innovations in their respective areas of expertise. <s> BIB002 </s> Computational workload in biometric identification systems: an overview <s> Feature Extraction <s> This highly anticipated new edition provides a comprehensive account of face recognition research and technology, spanning the full range of topics needed for designing operational face recognition systems. After a thorough introductory chapter, each of the following chapters focus on a specific topic, reviewing background information, up-to-date techniques, and recent results, as well as offering challenges and future directions. Features: fully updated, revised and expanded, covering the entire spectrum of concepts, methods, and algorithms for automated face detection and recognition systems; provides comprehensive coverage of face detection, tracking, alignment, feature extraction, and recognition technologies, and issues in evaluation, systems, security, and applications; contains numerous step-by-step algorithms; describes a broad range of applications; presents contributions from an international selection of experts; integrates numerous supporting graphs, tables, charts, and performance data. <s> BIB003 </s> Computational workload in biometric identification systems: an overview <s> Feature Extraction <s> Texture is a fundamental characteristic of many types of images, and texture representation is one of the essential and challenging problems in computer vision and pattern recognition which has attracted extensive research attention over several decades. Since 2000, texture representations based on Bag of Words and on Convolutional Neural Networks have been extensively studied with impressive performance. Given this period of remarkable evolution, this paper aims to present a comprehensive survey of advances in texture representation over the last two decades. More than 250 major publications are cited in this survey covering different aspects of the research, including benchmark datasets and state of the art results. In retrospect of what has been achieved so far, the survey discusses open challenges and directions for future research. <s> BIB004 </s> Computational workload in biometric identification systems: an overview <s> Feature Extraction <s> This open access handbook provides the first comprehensive overview of biometrics exploiting the shape of human blood vessels for biometric recognition, i.e. vascular biometrics, including finger vein recognition, hand/palm vein recognition, retina recognition, and sclera recognition. After an introductory chapter summarizing the state of the art in and availability of commercial systems and open datasets/open source software, individual chapters focus on specific aspects of one of the biometric modalities, including questions of usability, security, and privacy. The book features contributions from both academia and major industrial manufacturers. <s> BIB005
Extracting sufficiently discriminative features is a critical prerequisite for any biometric system. This is especially a concern in biometric identification systems, due to the significantly increased risk of false positive errors (see section 1). Over time, various general purpose and biometric characteristic specific feature extraction methods have been proposed and used in this context. However, comprehensively surveying and comparing those would tremendously extend the already significant scope of this article. Therefore, the reader interested in a detailed treatment of this subject is referred to a recently published comprehensive survey of general purpose texture based feature extraction methods BIB004 , as well as the handbook series: BIB002 for biometrics in general and BIB001 BIB003  BIB005 specifically for fingerprint, face, iris, and vascular characteristics, respectively.