An extended systematic literature review on provision of evidence for safety certification <s> Argumentation-Induced Evidence Structure (92%): <s> Abstract For computer based safety-critical systems, it is most efficient to consider safety concerns as early as possible during software development in order to ensure that safety problems do not propagate through subsequent phases of development. In this paper, we present an approach for the safety analysis of software specifications that are produced during the requirements analysis. The safety analysis is conducted concurrently with the requirements analysis, and its aim is to assess whether the risk associated with a requirements specification is acceptable. <s> BIB001 </s> An extended systematic literature review on provision of evidence for safety certification <s> Argumentation-Induced Evidence Structure (92%): <s> Trust cases are used to justify that a given object (a system, an infrastructure, an organization) exhibits certain properties. One of possible applications of trust cases is related to the processes of achieving and demonstrating the compliance with standards. A trust case template derived from a given standard constitutes a skeleton of justification (encompassing evidence and argumentation) of the compliance with the standard. The article explains the notion of trust case templates and provides some details on the template development process and a generic procedure of template application. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated by referring to the results of a case study of evaluating an example (real) system against the BS 7799 security management standard. <s> BIB002 </s> An extended systematic literature review on provision of evidence for safety certification <s> Argumentation-Induced Evidence Structure (92%): <s> This working paper presents preliminary ideas of five possible text-based notations for representing safety cases, which may be easier for non-graphically inclined people to use and understand than the currently popular graphics-based representations. (6 pages) <s> BIB003
Argumentation is an approach that communicates the reasons why a system is considered to be acceptably safe. The structure of the argumentation induces a specific way to structure the evidence, as arguments need to be supported by evidence that directly substantiates them. . This approach decomposes top-level goals using AND/OR operators in an argumentation-like way until evidence of goal achievement is provided. SSG BIB001 , which are linear graphs that represent a safety specification as nodes and evidence and relationships among them as edges. In the textual sub-category, we include studies that use a structured text-based presentation of the arguments and the evidence supporting them. We identified the following techniques in the textual subcategory: Trust Cases BIB002 [PS3], which induce a structured textual format for safety claims, arguments, and evidence presenting them as assumptions with references to documents. Structured HTML  , which uses HTML tags to link and structure the various artefacts used as evidence for safety. Structured text BIB003 , which proposes several possible approaches namely: structured prose, which introduces a certain structure to a normal prose by requiring that the critical parts of the argument be explicitly denoted; argument outline, which uses indentation, numbering, and different fonts to structure arguments and evidence adopting an outline format; mathematical proof, which uses the geometric proofs structure (given, statements, and reasons) used in mathematics; and, LISP style, which uses the syntax structure of the LISP programming language with short names and parentheses for evidence and arguments.