A Literature Review on Risk Sources and Resilience Factors in Agri-Food Supply Chains <s> Traceability <s> In today's uncertain and turbulent markets, supply chain vulnerability has become an issue of significance for many companies. As supply chains become more complex as a result of global sourcing and the continued trend to “leaning‐down”, supply chain risk increases. The challenge to business today is to manage and mitigate that risk through creating more resilient supply chains. <s> BIB001 </s> A Literature Review on Risk Sources and Resilience Factors in Agri-Food Supply Chains <s> Traceability <s> The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. ::: ::: In a world of turbulent change, resilience is a key competency since even the most carefully designed supply chain is susceptible to unforeseen events. This article presents a new Supply Chain Resilience Framework to help businesses deal with change. The conceptual framework is based on extant literature and refined through a focus group methodology. Our findings suggest that supply chain resilience can be assessed in terms of two dimensions: vulnerabilities and capabilities. The Zone of Resilience is defined as the desired balance between vulnerabilities and capabilities, where it is proposed that firms will be the most profitable in the long term. We identified seven vulnerability factors composed of 40 specific attributes and 14 capability factors from 71 attributes that facilitate the measurement of resilience. The article concludes with managerial implications and recommendations for future research. <s> BIB002 </s> A Literature Review on Risk Sources and Resilience Factors in Agri-Food Supply Chains <s> Traceability <s> To achieve a competitive edge in an uncertain business environment where change is imperative, one of the significant challenges for an organization is to mitigate risk by creating resilient supply chains. This research proposes a model using graph theory which holistically considers all the major enablers of resilience and their interrelationships for analysis using an Interpretive Structural Modeling approach. The uniqueness of this model lies in its ability to quantify resilience by a single numerical index. The quantification of resilience will help organizations assess the effectiveness of various risk mitigation strategies. This will provide tools for managers to compare different supply chains while offering a deeper knowledge of how supply chain characteristics increase or decrease resilience and consequently affect supply chain risk exposure. Thus, the research supports organizations in measuring and analyzing supply chain resilience and facilitates supply chain decision-making. The proposed method could simplify the dynamic nature of environment for managing disruptions in a supply chain. This novel approach for determining the supply chain resilience index (SCRI) advocates the consideration of resilience aspects in supply chain design, thus giving a competitive advantage to achieve market share even during a disruption. <s> BIB003
Traceability refers to the ability to trace and track food and food ingredients in agrifood supply chains or trace and track food in three stages: food production, processing and distribution  . Several authors indicate to adopt food traceability in agri-food supply chain have various advantages. First, food traceability has an important role in recalling contaminated products and hindering counterfeited products from reaching the market  . Second, applied integrated traceability systems can improve recall efficiency, supply chain transparency, inventory and revenues; more importantly, it can help to increase customer trust on food safety  . Third, food traceability has a positive effect on monitoring food characteristics. Supply chain visibility has some similar function with traceability such as monitor the supply chain in real time. Pettit et al. BIB002 defined visibility as "the knowledge of the status of operating assets and the environment". No matter which term is used, traceability or visibility, they both are all heavily rely on close collaboration between suppliers and customers, are all heavily rely on investment in information sharing BIB001 , BIB003 .