A Survey on the Security and the Evolution of Osmotic and Catalytic Computing for 5G Networks <s> Secure Autonomous and Smart Services in 5G: <s> A large number of new consumer and industrial applications are likely to change the classic operator’s business models and provide a wide range of new markets to enter. This paper analyzes the most relevant 5G use cases that require ultra-low latency, from both technical and business perspectives. Low latency services pose challenging requirements to the network, and to fulfill them, operators need to invest in costly changes in their network. In this sense, it is not clear whether such investments are going to be amortized with these new business models. In light of this, specific applications and requirements are described and the potential market benefits for operators are analyzed. Conclusions show that the operators have clear opportunities to add value and position themselves strongly with the increasing number of services to be provided by 5G. <s> BIB001 </s> A Survey on the Security and the Evolution of Osmotic and Catalytic Computing for 5G Networks <s> Secure Autonomous and Smart Services in 5G: <s> Smart grid introduces a wealth of promising applications for upcoming fifth-generation mobile networks (5G), enabling households and utility companies to establish a two-way digital communications dialogue, which can benefit both of them. The utility can monitor real-time consumption of end users and take proper measures (e.g., real-time pricing) to shape their consumption profile or to plan enough supply to meet the foreseen demand. On the other hand, a smart home can receive real-time electricity prices and adjust its consumption to minimize its daily electricity expenditure, while meeting the energy need and the satisfaction level of the dwellers. Smart Home applications for smart phones are also a promising use case, where users can remotely control their appliances, while they are away at work or on their ways home. Although these emerging services can evidently boost the efficiency of the market and the satisfaction of the consumers, they may also introduce new attack surfaces making the grid vulnerable to financial losses or even physical damages. In this paper, we propose an architecture to secure smart grid communications incorporating an intrusion detection system, composed of distributed components collaborating with each other to detect price integrity or load alteration attacks in different segments of an advanced metering infrastructure. <s> BIB002 </s> A Survey on the Security and the Evolution of Osmotic and Catalytic Computing for 5G Networks <s> Secure Autonomous and Smart Services in 5G: <s> Abstract Smart manufacturing based on cyber-physical manufacturing systems (CPMS) has become the development trend and been widely recognized all over the world. Throughout the development trend of CPMS, one of the key issues is industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) with the characteristics of automation, smart connected, real-time monitoring, and collaborative control. Along with the permeation and applications of advanced technologies in manufacturing, massive amounts of data have been generated in the manufacturing process. However, the current 3th generation mobile network (3G), 4G and other communication technologies cannot meet the demands of CPMS for high data rate, high reliability, high coverage, low latency, etc., which hinders the development and implementation of CPMS. As a future advanced wireless transmission technology, 5G has a significant potential to promote IIoT and CPMS. Based on the architecture and characteristics of 5G wireless communication technology, this paper proposes the architecture of 5G-based IIoT, and describes the implementation methods of different advanced manufacturing scenarios and manufacturing technologies under the circumstances of three typical application modes of 5G, respectively, i.e., enhance mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC), ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC). Besides, the characteristics, key technologies and challenges of the 5G based IIoT are also analyzed. <s> BIB003 </s> A Survey on the Security and the Evolution of Osmotic and Catalytic Computing for 5G Networks <s> Secure Autonomous and Smart Services in 5G: <s> Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) will play a crucial role in next-generation Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITSs). Not only is the information exchange fundamental to improve road safety and efficiency, but it also paves the way to a wide spectrum of advanced ITS applications enhancing efficiency, mobility and accessibility. Highly dynamic network topologies and unpredictable wireless channel conditions entail numerous design challenges and open questions. In this paper, we address the beneficial interactions between CAVs and an ITS and propose a novel architecture design paradigm. Our solution can accommodate multi-layer applications over multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) and provide a smart configuration interface for enhancing the performance of each RAT. <s> BIB004 </s> A Survey on the Security and the Evolution of Osmotic and Catalytic Computing for 5G Networks <s> Secure Autonomous and Smart Services in 5G: <s> 5G networks will provide opportunities for the creation of new services, for new business models, and for new players to enter the mobile market. The networks will support efficient and cost-effective launch of a multitude of services, tailored for different vertical markets having varying service and security requirements, and involving a large number of actors. Key technology concepts are network slicing and network softwarization, including network function virtualization and software-defined networking. The presented security architecture builds upon concepts from the 3G and 4G security architectures but extends and enhances them to cover the new 5G environment. It comprises a toolbox for security relevant modeling of the systems, a set of security design principles, and a set of security functions and mechanisms to implement the security controls needed to achieve stated security objectives. In a smart city use case setting, we illustrate its utility; we examine the high-level security aspects stemming from the deployment of a large number of IoT devices and network softwarization. <s> BIB005 </s> A Survey on the Security and the Evolution of Osmotic and Catalytic Computing for 5G Networks <s> Secure Autonomous and Smart Services in 5G: <s> Fog computing extends the cloud computing paradigm by placing resources close to the edges of the network to deal with the upcoming growth of connected devices. Smart city applications, such as health monitoring and predictive maintenance, will introduce a new set of stringent requirements, such as low latency, since resources can be requested on-demand simultaneously by multiple devices at different locations. It is then necessary to adapt existing network technologies to future needs and design new architectural concepts to help meet these strict requirements. This article proposes a fog computing framework enabling autonomous management and orchestration functionalities in 5G-enabled smart cities. Our approach follows the guidelines of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) NFV MANO architecture extending it with additional software components. The contribution of our work is its fully-integrated fog node management system alongside the foreseen application layer Peer-to-Peer (P2P) fog protocol based on the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol for the exchange of application service provisioning information between fog nodes. Evaluations of an anomaly detection use case based on an air monitoring application are presented. Our results show that the proposed framework achieves a substantial reduction in network bandwidth usage and in latency when compared to centralized cloud solutions. <s> BIB006
Various architectures for autonomous services have been discussed that support the flexibility, performance, cost, security, safety, manageability, etc BIB003 . Cheng et al. BIB004 discussed the architecture of 5G-based IIoT in the three application modes; namely, enhance Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC). The authors presented the applicability of the IIoT and Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Systems (CPMS) in the 5G wireless communication network and also discussed the key challenges in the adaptability of these networks. Mavromatis et al.  presented architecture for connected and autonomous vehicles. This architecture relies on the mechanism of multi-layer application data streaming. The authors presented the next-generation ITS for intelligent traffic planning, smart emergency vehicle routing, and multimodal commuting. Han et al. BIB001 discussed the mobile sensing and cloud computing and presented a combined concept of mobile cloud sensing. The low latency applications in 5G networks have emerged stronger and are adopted widely for the business perspective. Lema et al. BIB002 discussed the applications that rely on the low latency in the area of healthcare, automotive and transport systems, entertainment, and manufacturing from the market perspectives and respective models. Saghezchi et al. BIB005 emphasized the smart grid for smart cities and presented secure network architecture on the basis of detection of price integrity or load alteration attacks. Furthermore, Arfaoui et al. BIB006 presented the security architecture for 5G networks. From these studies, it is conclusive that the adaptable architecture for autonomous services in the 5G networks should provide flexible solutions and benefits for industries and leverage the new technology enablers for the overall development, especially security features, as a perspective of reducing the research and deployment cost. The details of comparison between the state-of-the-art solutions for secure services in 5G Networks in presented in Table 6 . 