Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> Following principles used by A. J. Bateman, we identify the relationship between fecundity and mating success as the central feature in the operation of mating systems. Using selection theory from the field of quantitative genetics, we define the sexual selection gradient as the average slope of the relationship between fecundity and mating success and show how it can be estimated from data. We argue that sexual selection gradients are the key to understanding how the intensity of sexual selection is affected by mate provisioning, parental investment, and sex ratio. <s> BIB001 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> Abstract We assessed sex differences in the effects of physical attractiveness and earning potential on mate selection, and sex differences in preferences and motivations with regard to short-term and long-term mating. We also investigated the effect of a variable likely to produce intra-sex variations in the selection of mating tactics, self-perceived mating success. Forty-eight university students were presented with pictures and short descriptions of persons of the opposite sex varying in physical attractiveness and earning potential. Dating interest was influenced, for both sexes, by stimulus-person's physical attractiveness and earning potential, but these two characteristics interacted only for female raters. Male and female subjects showed discrepant preferences and motivations with regard to short-term and long-term mating. In addition, self-perceived mating success was related to mating tactics in males only: Males who perceived themselves as more successful, compared to males who perceived themselves as less successful, tended to prefer and to more often select short-term mating. This effect was maximized when the stimulus person was very attractive and of high earning potential. These results confirm sex differences in mating preferences, strongly suggest a proximal factor of tactic selection, and suggest that males' mating strategies may be more variable than females'. <s> BIB002 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> A survey of the users of an online computer-mediated matchmaking service showed that their communication patterns and objectives varied by their sex, shyness level, and appearance. Men generally contacted women more than vice versa, but a substantial minority of the women contacted a great number of men, suggesting that the safety and anonymity the system offered helped them break free from traditional sex role norms. More than half of the women reported starting a romantic or sexual relationship through the system, as compared to less than a third of the men, reflecting, in part, that men outnumber women on the system nearly three to one. Users who scored higher on a shyness scale were much more likely than less shy users to say they were using the system to find romance or sex, suggesting shier users employ the system as a way to overcome their inhibitions. Women who rated their own appearance as average were less likely to be contacted by men than those who rated their appearance as above average, but there was no significant difference between appearance groups concerning the likelihood of starting a romantic or sexual relationship. Intrinsic aspects of this computer-mediated matchmaking system helped some users overcome relationship-initiation barriers rooted in sex role, shyness, and appearance inhibitions. <s> BIB003 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> Stereotypes and biological theories suggest that psychological gender differences found in predominantly heterosexual samples are smaller or reversed among gay men and lesbians. Computerized text analysis that compares people’s language style on a wide range of dimensions from pronoun use to body references offers a multivariate personality marker to test such assumptions. Analysis of over 1,500 internet personal advertisements placed by heterosexual men, heterosexual women, gay men, and lesbians found little evidence that orientation alters the impact of gender on linguistic behaviors. Previously reported gender differences were replicated in the gay as well as the heterosexual advertisements studied. Main effects of sexual orientation indicated that gay people of both sexes apparently felt less need to differentiate themselves from potential mates than did heterosexual people. Virtually no crossover sexual orientation by sex interactions emerged indicating that several popular models of sexual orientation are not supported on a linguistic level. <s> BIB004 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> Abstract If attractiveness is an important cue for mate choice, as proposed by evolutionary psychologists, then attractive individuals should have greater mating success than their peers. We tested this hypothesis in a large sample of adults. Facial attractiveness correlated with the number of short-term, but not long-term, sexual partners, for males, and with the number of long-term, but not short-term, sexual partners and age of first sex, for females. Body attractiveness also correlated significantly with the number of short-term, but not long-term, sexual partners, for males, and attractive males became sexually active earlier than their peers. Body attractiveness did not correlate with any sexual behavior variable for females. To determine which aspects of attractiveness were important, we examined associations between sexual behaviors and three components of attractiveness: sexual dimorphism, averageness, and symmetry. Sexual dimorphism showed the clearest associations with sexual behaviors. Masculine males (bodies, similar trend for faces) had more short-term sexual partners, and feminine females (faces) had more long-term sexual partners than their peers. Feminine females (faces) also became sexually active earlier than their peers. Average males (faces and bodies) had more short-term sexual partners and more extra-pair copulations (EPC) than their peers. Symmetric women (faces) became sexually active earlier than their peers. Given that male reproductive success depends more on short-term mating opportunities than does female reproductive success, these findings suggest that individuals of high phenotypic quality have higher mating success than their lower quality counterparts. <s> BIB005 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> Psychologists have found that actual and perceived similarity between potential romantic partners in demographics, attitudes, values, and attractiveness correlate positively with attraction and, later, relationship satisfaction. Online dating systems provide a new way for users to identify and communicate with potential partners, but the information they provide differs dramatically from what a person might glean from face-to-face interaction. An analysis of dyadic interactions of approximately 65,000 heterosexual users of an online dating system in the U.S. showed that, despite these differences, users of the system sought people like them much more often than chance would predict, just as in the offline world. The users' preferences were most strongly same-seeking for attributes related to the life course, like marital history and whether one wants children, but they also demonstrated significant homophily in self-reported physical build, physical attractiveness, and smoking habits. <s> BIB006 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> This study investigates self-disclosure in the novel context of online dating relationships. Using a national random sample of Match.com members (N = 349), the authors tested a model of relational goals, self-disclosure, and perceived success in online dating. The authors’ findings provide support for social penetration theory and the social information processing and hyperpersonal perspectives as well as highlight the positive effect of anticipated future face-to-face interaction on online self-disclosure. The authors find that perceived online dating success is predicted by four dimensions of self-disclosure (honesty, amount, intent, and valence), although honesty has a negative effect. Furthermore, online dating experience is a strong predictor of perceived success in online dating. Additionally, the authors identify predictors of strategic success versus self-presentation success. This research extends existing theory on computer-mediated communication, self-disclosure, and relational success to the i... <s> BIB007 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> Online dating is a popular new tool for initiating romantic relationships, although recent research and media reports suggest that it may also be fertile ground for deception. Unlike previous studies that rely solely on self-report data, the present study establishes ground truth for 80 online daters' height, weight and age, and compares ground truth data to the information provided in online dating profiles. The results suggest that deception is indeed frequently observed, but that the magnitude of the deceptions is usually small. As expected, deceptions differ by gender. Results are discussed in light of the Hyperpersonal model and the self-presentational tensions experienced by online dating participants. <s> BIB008 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> The present research shows that although people believe that learning more about others leads to greater liking, more information about others leads, on average, to less liking. Thus, ambiguity--lacking information about another--leads to liking, whereas familiarity--acquiring more information--can breed contempt. This "less is more" effect is due to the cascading nature of dissimilarity: Once evidence of dissimilarity is encountered, subsequent information is more likely to be interpreted as further evidence of dissimilarity, leading to decreased liking. The authors document the negative relationship between knowledge and liking in laboratory studies and with pre- and postdate data from online daters, while showing the mediating role of dissimilarity. <s> BIB009 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> This paper considers the presentation of self on an internet dating site. Thirty men and thirty women were interviewed about their online dating experiences. They were asked about how they constructed their profiles and how they viewed other individuals’ profiles. What types of presentations of self led to more successful offline romantic relationships were also investigated. Additionally, gender differences were examined. In line with previous research on presentation of self online, individuals were quite strategic in their online presentations. However, important differences between initiating a relationship on an internet dating site and other spaces (online and offline) included the type of self disclosed as well as the depth of breadth of information individuals self-disclosed about themselves before any one-on-one conversations took place. <s> BIB010 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> Purpose – An online survey was carried out with the purpose of finding out the extent to which internet users subscribe to online dating services. The paper aims to assess users' experiences of such services and their eventual outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained through a self‐completion online questionnaire survey posted on the website of a leading internet research agency, utilising its online panel of c. 30,000 UK respondents.Findings – More than 3,800 online panellists responded of whom 29 per cent said they had used an online dating site. Most of these respondents (90 per cent) had spent up to £200 on internet dating in the past two years, with 70 per cent of users achieving at least one date, 43 per cent enjoying at least one sexual relationship, and 9 per cent finding a marriage partner.Research limitations/implications – Despite the limitations over sample control of self‐completion surveying, a large online sample was achieved that indicated the growing importance of the int... <s> BIB011 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> ABSTRACT Few researchers of Internet sexual exploration have systematically compared variance of use across sexual orientations, with even fewer surveying bisexual respondents. In 2004, 15,246 individuals responded to an online survey of their use of Internet personals and adult websites. Gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals (GLBs) were more likely than heterosexuals to have exchanged correspondence, met others offline, and had sex with someone they met through personal ads. Whereas gay men and lesbians of all ages were most likely to have established a long-term relationship as a result of personals, heterosexuals over age 40 were more likely to have established a long-term relationship than younger heterosexuals. Further, compared to men, women were approximately two times as likely to have established a serious relationship as a result of personals. Qualitative findings suggest that the Internet functions not only as a means of screening for desired characteristics, but also as a shield against prejudice i... <s> BIB012 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> Stereotypes of older adults as withdrawn or asexual fail to recognize that romantic relationships in later life are increasingly common. The authors analyzed 600 Internet personal ads from 4 age groups: 20-34, 40-54, 60-74, and 75+ years. Predictions from evolutionary theory held true in later life, when reproduction is no longer a concern. Across the life span, men sought physical attractiveness and offered status-related information more than women; women were more selective than men and sought status more than men. With age, men desired women increasingly younger than themselves, whereas women desired older men until ages 75 and over, when they sought men younger than themselves. <s> BIB013 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> This paper contributes to the study of self-presentation in online dating systems by performing a factor analysis on the text portions of online profiles. Findings include a similarity in the overall factor structures between male and female profiles, including use of tentative words by men. Contrasts between sexes were also found in a cluster analysis of the profiles using their factor scores. Finally, we also found similarities in frequent words used by the gender groups. <s> BIB014 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> This study examines the accuracy of 54 online dating photographs posted by heterosexual daters. We report data on (a1) online daters' self-reported accuracy, (b) independent judges' perceptions of accuracy, and (c) inconsistencies in the profile photograph identified by trained coders. While online daters rated their photos as relatively accurate, independent judges rated approximately 1/3 of the photographs as not accurate. Female photographs were judged as less accurate than male photographs, and were more likely to be older, to be retouched or taken by a professional photographer, and to contain inconsistencies, including changes in hair style and skin quality. The findings are discussed in terms of the tensions experienced by online daters to (a) enhance their physical attractiveness and (b) present a photograph that would not be judged deceptive in subsequent face-to-face meetings. The paper extends the theoretical concept of selective self-presentation to online photographs, and discusses issues of self-deception and social desirability bias. <s> BIB015 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> Online communities such as forums, general purpose social networking and dating sites, have rapidly become one of the important data sources for analysis of human behavior fostering research in different scientific domains such as computer science, psychology, anthropology, and social science. The key component of most of the online communities and Social Networking Sites (SNS) in particular, is the user profile, which plays a role of a self-advertisement in the aggregated form. While some scientists investigate privacy implications of information disclosure, others test or generate social and behavioral hypotheses based on the information provided by users in their profiles or by interviewing members of these SNS. In this paper, we apply a number of analytical procedures on a large-scale SNS dataset of 10 million public profiles with more than 40 different attributes from one of the largest dating sites in the Russian segment of the Internet to explore similarities and differences in patterns of self-disclosure. Particularly, we build gender classification models for the residents of the 35 most active countries, and investigate differences between genders within and across countries. The results show that while Russian language and culture are unifying factors for people's interaction on the dating site, the patterns of self-disclosure are different across countries. Some geographically close countries exhibit higher similarity between patterns of self-disclosure which was also confirmed by studies on cross-cultural differences and personality traits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to conduct a large-scale analysis of SNS profiles, emphasize gender differences on a country level, investigate patterns of self-disclosure and to provide exact rules that characterize genders within and across countries. <s> BIB016 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> In this analysis of profiles and messaging behavior on a major online dating service, we find that, consistent with predictions of evolutionary psychology, women as compared to men state more restrictive preferences for their ideal date. Furthermore, women contact and reply to others more selectively than men. Additionally, we identify connections among messaging behavior, textual self-descriptions in dating profiles, and relationship-relevant traits such as neuroticism. <s> BIB017 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> This study examines factors (including gender, self-monitoring, the big five personality traits, and demographic characteristics) that influence online dating service users’ strategic misrepresentation (i.e., the conscious and intentional misrepresentation of personal characteristics). Using data from a survey of online dating service users (N = 5,020), seven categories of misrepresentation — personal assets, relationship goals, personal interests, personal attributes, past relationships, weight, and age — were examined. The study found that men are more likely to misrepresent personal assets, relationship goals, personal interests, and personal attributes, whereas women are more likely to misrepresent weight. The study further discovered that self-monitoring (specifically other-directedness) was the strongest and most consistent predictor of misrepresentation in online dating. Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness also showed consistent relationships with misrepresentation. <s> BIB018 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> Using data on user attributes and interactions from an online dating site, we estimate mate preferences, and use the Gale-Shapley algorithm to predict sta ble matches. The predicted matches are similar to the actual matches achieved by the dating site, and the actual matches are approximately efficient. Outof-sample predictions of offline matches, i.e., marriages, exhibit assortative mating patterns similar to those observed in actual marriages. Thus, mate pref erences, without resort to search frictions, can generate sorting in marriages. However, we underpredict some of the correlation patterns; search frictions may play a role in explaining the discrepancy. ( <s> BIB019 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> This study investigates relationships between privacy concerns, uncertainty reduction behaviors, and self-disclosure among online dating participants, drawing on uncertainty reduction theory and the warranting principle. The authors propose a conceptual model integrating privacy concerns, self-efficacy, and Internet experience with uncertainty reduction strategies and amount of self-disclosure and then test this model on a nationwide sample of online dating participants ( N = 562). The study findings confirm that the frequency of use of uncertainty reduction strategies is predicted by three sets of online dating concerns—personal security, misrepresentation, and recognition—as well as self-efficacy in online dating. Furthermore, the frequency of uncertainty reduction strategies mediates the relationship between these variables and amount of self-disclosure with potential online dating partners. The authors explore the theoretical implications of these findings for our understanding of uncertainty reductio... <s> BIB020 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> For people who look for a partner, online dating largely increases the pool of potential mates. At the same time, users of online dating platforms have to cope with a large number of approaches and, therefore, need to choose selectively who they decide to engage in a conversation with. Especially, since the costs of rejection are low on online dating platforms, it is a common strategy to spam others with superficial approaches. With this in mind, and in the absence of nonverbal cues, targets base their decision of whether or not to respond to a message on (a) their impression of the sender’s pictures, and (b) cues which they extract from the content of the message. The purpose of this study is to hypothesize on which linguistic properties of a message in computer-mediated communication may signal various qualities of its sender, to predict how those properties determine a target’s decision of whether to respond or to ignore an initial message. Employing the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) text analysis, relevant variables are operationalized from a corpus of 167,276 initial messages of an online dating platform. Regression analysis is performed in order to test the hypotheses. Results are discussed with respect to design implications for online dating platforms. <s> BIB021 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> This study explores the meaning and essence of a relatively new phenomenon-electronic (EDating) in regards to its relationships and effects on gender. In our phenomenology, we look at the Internet-based form of EDating via the experiences of college-aged singles in the U.S. First, we explore the emergence of the EDating Internet dating phenomenon with all preconceived experiences aside. We denote clusters of meanings from the words participants ascribe to the dating experience. Second, we examine the implications of Internet-based dating on the more traditional offline dating. Our article addresses these issues via a series of focus group interviews. The researchers interviewed college-aged singles in a sub-urban American city over the time span of twenty months. We assume human experience can be consciously expressed and explained through narrative description. We apply the Social Exchange Theory along with sociocultural, semiotic, and humanistic perspectives to understand and interpret emerging trends. We horizonalize statements, create units of meaning, compile themes, advance description, and integrate our data to an exhaustive analysis of Internet dating. We conclude that Internet dating does not replace existing rituals associated with dating. Nevertheless, the effects of technology are visible in modern dating rituals. <s> BIB022 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> This study examined how differences in expectations about meeting impacted the degree of deceptive self-presentation individuals displayed within the context of dating. Participants filled out personality measures in one of four anticipated meeting conditions: face-to-face, email, no meeting, and a control condition with no pretense of dating. Results indicated that, compared to baseline measures, male participants increased the amount they self-presented when anticipating a future interaction with a prospective date. Specifically, male participants emphasized their positive characteristics more if the potential date was less salient (e.g., email meeting) compared to a more salient condition (e.g., face-to-face meeting) or the control conditions. Implications for self-presentation theory, online social interaction, and online dating research will be discussed. <s> BIB023 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> In this article, the authors examine how race, gender, and education jointly shape interaction among heterosexual Internet daters. They find that racial homophily dominates mate-searching behavior for both men and women. A racial hierarchy emerges in the reciprocating process. Women respond only to men of similar or more dominant racial status, while nonblack men respond to all but black women. Significantly, the authors find that education does not mediate the observed racial preferences among white men and white women. White men and white women with a college degree are more likely to contact and to respond to white daters without a college degree than they are to black daters with a college degree. <s> BIB024 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> Deceptive behavior is common in online dating because personal profiles can be easily manipulated. This study conducts two experiments to examine contradictory deceptive behavior in online dating. The results of Experiment 1 showed that users have lower perceptions of authenticity evaluations of daters’ self-provided photographs with strong physical attractiveness than for those with low physical attractiveness, and the authenticity perceptions of daters’ self-provided photographs have a positive relationship with the authenticity evaluation of online daters’ text-based self-presentations. Although users are suspicious of the authenticity of beautiful or handsome daters’ photographs, the results of Experiment 2 showed that people still employ higher levels of deception in self-presentations toward daters with highly attractive photographs to increase their possibilities of securing a date with those daters. The results also show that women employ higher levels of deception in self-presentation than men in online dating environments. <s> BIB025 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> The growing popularity of online dating sites is altering one of the most fundamental human activities of finding a date or a marriage partner. Online dating platforms offer new capabilities, such as intensive search, big-data based mate recommendations and varying levels of anonymity, whose parallels do not exist in the physical world. In this study we examine the impact of anonymity feature on matching outcomes. Based on a large scale randomized experiment in partnership with one of the largest online dating companies, we demonstrate causally that anonymity indeed lets users browse more freely, but at the same time impacts the existing social dating norms (what we call a weak signaling mechanism) and thus produces negative impact on matches. Our results show that this weak signaling is especially helpful for women, helping them overcome social frictions coming from established social norms that discourage them from making the first move in dating. © (2013) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office. All rights reserved. <s> BIB026 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> Marital discord is costly to children, families, and communities. The advent of the Internet, social networking, and on-line dating has affected how people meet future spouses, but little is known about the prevalence or outcomes of these marriages or the demographics of those involved. We addressed these questions in a nationally representative sample of 19,131 respondents who married between 2005 and 2012. Results indicate that more than one-third of marriages in America now begin on-line. In addition, marriages that began on-line, when compared with those that began through traditional off-line venues, were slightly less likely to result in a marital break-up (separation or divorce) and were associated with slightly higher marital satisfaction among those respondents who remained married. Demographic differences were identified between respondents who met their spouse through on-line vs. traditional off-line venues, but the findings for marital break-up and marital satisfaction remained significant after statistically controlling for these differences. These data suggest that the Internet may be altering the dynamics and outcomes of marriage itself. <s> BIB027 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> Online dating sites have become popular platforms for people to look for potential romantic partners. Many online dating sites provide recommendations on compatible partners based on their proprietary matching algorithms. It is important that not only the recommended dates match the user’s preference or criteria, but also the recommended users are interested in the user and likely to reciprocate when contacted. The goal of this paper is to predict whether an initial contact message from a user will be replied to by the receiver. The study is based on a large scale real-world dataset obtained from a major dating site in China with more than sixty million registered users. We formulate our reply prediction as a link prediction problem of social networks and approach it using a machine learning framework. The availability of a large amount of user profile information and the bipartite nature of the dating network present unique opportunities and challenges to the reply prediction problem. We extract user-based features from user profiles and graph-based features from the bipartite dating network, apply them in a variety of classification algorithms, and compare the utility of the features and performance of the classifiers. Our results show that the user-based and graph-based features result in similar performance, and can be used to effectively predict the reciprocal links. Only a small performance gain is achieved when both feature sets are used. Among the five classifiers we considered, random forests method outperforms the other four algorithms (naive Bayes, logistic regression, KNN, and SVM). Our methods and results can provide valuable guidelines to the design and performance of recommendation engine for online dating sites. <s> BIB028 </s> Gender Differences in Online Dating: What Do We Know So Far? A Systematic Literature Review <s> Disclosure: <s> Although prior research has examined how individual difference factors are related to relationship initiation and formation over the Internet (e.g., online dating sites, social networking sites), little research has examined how dispositional factors are related to other aspects of online dating. The present research therefore sought to examine the relationship between several dispositional factors, such as Big-Five personality traits, self-esteem, rejection sensitivity, and attachment styles, and the use of online dating sites and online dating behaviors. Rejection sensitivity was the only dispositional variable predictive of use of online dating sites whereby those higher in rejection sensitivity are more likely to use online dating sites than those lower in rejection sensitivity. We also found that those higher in rejection sensitivity, those lower in conscientiousness, and men indicated being more likely to engage in potentially risky behaviors related to meeting an online dating partner face-to-face. Further research is needed to further explore the relationships between these dispositional factors and online dating behaviors. <s> BIB029
In order to allow for a match, both men and women present themselves to other participants of the online dating community, which implies a certain degree of disclosure (see Table 5 ). It is observed that male daters disclose more than their female counterparts BIB020 [27] BIB024 , even though their profiles are of rather standard, homogenous character, with a restricted range of information they choose to provide BIB016 . In line with the mating theory, demonstrating resources that are highly desired by members of the opposite sex, men tend to disclose status-related information like income and occupation BIB013 BIB016 . In the hope of moving the interaction to a more personal level, they are ready to provide photos BIB016 , phone numbers  and sex-related information BIB016 . At the same time, women are more creative and multifarious in their self-presentations BIB016 . They are more likely to provide information about their children BIB016 [43], interests BIB010 as well as home and sex BIB017 BIB004 . Understanding the importance of their physical attractiveness for the mating success, women readily upload more photos than men BIB010 BIB028 . Textual analysis of the information provided in the "About me" section shows typical gender patterns, with men using more numerals and references to other people BIB004 and women using personal pronouns, positive emotion and spatial words as well as writing longer self-descriptions in general BIB017 BIB004 . However, no differences are observed in the use of frequent and tentative words BIB018 . All in all, the patterns of disclosure follow predictions of the evolutionary theory described above  [15]. Both Use common and tentative words BIB014 Misrepresentation: To achieve better matches, online daters are tempted to misrepresent certain desired attributes BIB002 (see Table 6 ). To prevent this, participants are encouraged to formally report the presence of falsified information through feedback mechanisms available on some platforms. Both men and women report that they have faced instances of misreporting on online dating sites [61] suggesting that this behavioral tendency is rather common BIB025  . However, different information is misrepresented by female and male daters (see Table   6 ). Aware of the importance of their physical attractiveness to men, females are more likely to use enhanced photographic material BIB015  and age BIB022 (even though the latter is also common for men BIB018 ). This way, female users are trying to advance themselves in comparison to other female contenders, rank higher in search listings, and, thereby, achieve better matches  . In contrast, men tend to rather emphasize their personal interests and assets BIB018 to gain a better hierarchical position in the competitive environment of online dating. This signaling behavior allows them access to a larger pool of females, who are generally seeking rather resource-rich males  . Since height is an attribute often psychologically associated with strength and status  and both short and tall women prefer taller men BIB019 BIB010 . Furthermore, men have been found to misrepresent their current relationship status as well as the goals they want to achieve when using online dating services BIB018 [57] BIB010 . Possibly, they might do so to adapt their short-term focus to a rather long-term one of females BIB005 , which is in line with the evolutionary theory  [15], since females have to invest more resources into the parental process  . Age …their age BIB022 . …their age BIB018 . No gender differences BIB008 . …their weight  . General …themselves  . …themselves BIB023 . Interaction: In terms of resulting interaction (see Table 7 ), there is a strong agreement in the literature that females receive more contacts by males who readily initiate a starting conversation BIB026 BIB028 . Moreover, functionalityenabled ability to see who visited one' profile is particularly encouraging for men (e.g. as offered on Match.com, eHarmony, Parship, OkCupid, and others), who are more likely to use this feature to send messages to females who visited their profile BIB026 . In line with the above, males also receive significantly fewer replies and messages in general BIB026 BIB028 . In their interactions, women tend to send more general messages BIB028 as well as are more likely to carry on the communication BIB003 . Together, this suggests that males try to make use of the opportunity to have access to multiple females and are satisfied with a superficial character of such contacts. In contrast, women are rather picky in their decision of who might be their potential date BIB001 . Interacting with fewer male users, women show interest in creating more intimate and intensive conversations BIB003 . BIB006 . Some characteristics, such as, for example, attractiveness or using only few self-references seem to increase the likelihood to receive a reply for both men and women BIB021 . Additionally, explicitly stated dating preferences BIB017 and a sexually-related talk BIB021 enhance the chances of reciprocation for female users. At the same time, lengthy messages enhance the chances for men to get a reply BIB021 . Outcome: In the final step of the online dating process (see Figure 1 ) a shift to the offline environment might take place. It appears that females are rather reluctant to meet other users face-to-face since they need more computer-mediated interaction compared to males before an actual meeting offline  . This might be connected to the circumstance that females are more likely to experience negative interactions on online dating sites [61] , which is also supported by the evidence that females are more likely to tell others about their plan to meet with another user in the offline setting BIB029 . Even though one study reports higher first meeting rates for females BIB007 , there is more evidence that both men and women tend to have a similar amount of first-date experiences offline using online dating platforms BIB011 [61]. The first face-to-face meeting is the point where the fit with a potential partner is evaluated: Here, females have higher drop-out rates in terms of their subsequent evaluation of their dating partner BIB009 . Again, this might suggest that men tend to focus on quantity, whereas females rather emphasize the "quality" of their dating partners BIB005  . Overall, studies report contradictory findings that either more females BIB012 [54], more males BIB027 [27] or both BIB011 [61] have experienced a positive outcome in terms of various dating goals (e.g., long-term relationships or sexual relationship, with men reporting more sexual relationships BIB011 ). Together, however, this evidence suggests that using online dating services can be beneficial for both, even though more research is needed to gain a better understanding of this dynamics.