Mobile Systems Development - A literature review <s> Design studies <s> This paper examines and reviews research methods applied within the field of mobile human-computer interaction. The purpose is to provide a snapshot of current practice for studying mobile HCI to identify shortcomings in the way research is conducted and to propose opportunities for future approaches. 102 publications on mobile human-computer interaction research were categorized in a matrix relating their research methods and purpose. The matrix revealed a number of significant trends with a clear bias towards building systems and evaluating them only in laboratory settings, if at all. Also, gaps in the distribution of research approaches and purposes were identified; action research, case studies, field studies and basic research being applied very infrequently. Consequently, we argue that the bias towards building systems and a lack of research for understanding design and use limits the development of cumulative knowledge on mobile human computer interaction. This in turn inhibits future development of the research field as a whole. <s> BIB001 </s> Mobile Systems Development - A literature review <s> Design studies <s> Evaluating the usability of mobile systems raises new concerns and questions, challenging methods for both lab and field evaluations. A recent literature study showed that most mobile HCI research projects apply lab-based evaluations. Nevertheless, several researchers argue in favour of field evaluations as mobile systems are highly context-dependent. However, field-based usability studies are difficult to conduct, time consuming and the added value is unknown. Contributing to this discussion, this paper compares the results produced by a laboratory- and a field-based evaluation of the same context-aware mobile system on their ability to identify usability problems. Six test subjects used the mobile system in a laboratory while another six used the system in the field. The results show that the added value of conducting usability evaluations in the field is very little and that recreating central aspects of the use context in a laboratory setting enables the identification of the same usability problem list. <s> BIB002
We treat design studies and mobile HCI under the common area: design studies. The huge interest in research on design and use of mobile systems dates back to the late 1990's.  proposed mobile informatics as a new research direction within IS. The core of mobile informatics is the exploration into how mobile work may be supported by wireless technologies and how users apply these. The contributions within design studies have been many, see e.g., . Another yet related school of thought is the research discourse of mobile HCI. One of the research areas within mobile HCI share strong relations with mobile informatics, even though the term usability test is used more frequently in mobile HCI. In mobile HCI there is an interest in evaluating the research approach by which evaluations of usability are carried out. BIB001 provides a review of the applied mobile HCI research methods. The review indicates that the laboratory testing approach dominates the mobile HCI domain even though the real-world context obviously cannot be compensated for in such settings BIB001 . Consequently, they advocate for an increased interest in more context-rich research approaches, e.g., field studies or case studies. However, a recent study BIB002 shows that a usability test in a laboratory may be just as effective.