A Review of Artificial Immune System Based Security Frameworks for MANET <s> MANET and AIS <s> In this paper we present the Secure Dynamic Source Routing protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Networks that prevents a lot of potential attacks to these kind of networks. We also present a number of similar protocols and compare the different approaches. After a detailed description of SDSR, we show that the stated security goals are met using the BAN logic formalism. <s> BIB001 </s> A Review of Artificial Immune System Based Security Frameworks for MANET <s> MANET and AIS <s> MANET is a collection of mobile, decentralized, and self organized nodes. Securing MANET is a problem which adds more challenges on the research. This is because MANET properties make it harder to be secured than the other types of static networks. This paper objective is to summarize different types of attacks over MANET, and concerns with studying sleep deprivation attack. Therefore, this paper utilizes one of the danger theory intrusion detection algorithms, namely, the dendritic cell algorithm (DCA) to detect the sleep deprivation attack over MANET. In this paper, DCA is plugged in a proposed mobile dendritic cell algorithm called MDCA which represented through a proposed MDCA architecture. <s> BIB002 </s> A Review of Artificial Immune System Based Security Frameworks for MANET <s> MANET and AIS <s> The Human Immune System (HIS) is considered as a bank of models, functions, and concepts from where Artificial Immune algorithms are inspired. These algorithms are used to secure both host-based and network-based systems. However, it is not only important to utilize the HIS in producing AIS-based algorithms as much as it is important to introduce an algorithm with high performance. Therefore, creating a balance between utilizing HIS on one side and introducing the required AIS-based intrusion detection algorithm on the other side is a crucial issue which would be valuable to investigate. Securing the mobile ad hoc network (MANET) which is a collection of mobile, decentralized, and self organized nodes is another problem, which adds more challenges to the research. This is because MANET properties make it harder to be secured than the other types of static networks. We claim that AISs' properties such as being self-healing, self-defensive and self-organizing can meet the challenges of securing the MANET environment. This paper's objective is to utilize the biological model used in the dendritic cell algorithm (DCA) to introduce a Dendritic Cell Inspired Intrusion Detection Algorithm (DCIIDA). DCIIDA is introduced to detect the Resource Consumption Attack (RCA) over MANET. Furthermore, this study proposes a DCIIDA architecture which should be applied by each node in MANET. <s> BIB003
A fundamental aspect of an ad hoc wireless network is its lack of infrastructure, design issues and challenges stem from this characteristic  and the lack of a centralized mechanism adds difficulty by increasing the complexity of fault detection and correction. The dynamically changing nature of mobile nodes causes an unpredictable topology that requires frequent route changes, network partitioning and protection from increased packet loss. The security attacks on MANET networks utilize opportunities provided by the wireless mobile infrastructure in which nodes can join and leave at will using dynamic requests  . Energy efficient routing algorithms can be tricked into routing through compromised nodes if the node indicates high power when the other battery powered nodes are showing varying power levels  . Failure of one node may affect the entire MANET and this adds to network design complexity especially the probability of network partitioning increases as node power levels fluctuate. Mobile node power supply limitations and energy depletion is a major factor affecting the lifetime of the ad hoc network BIB001 . HIS has been identified as a source of models, functions, and concepts that inspire AIS algorithms which can be used to secure both host-based and network-based systems  . However, it is not only important to utilize the HIS when creating AIS-based algorithms as much as it is important to produce high performance algorithms BIB002 . Therefore, creating a balance between utilizing HIS and introducing AIS-based intrusion detection algorithms is a crucial issue that would be valuable to investigate because MANET properties raise security issues to a level above those associated with fixed networks. The AIS properties such as being self-healing, self-defensive and self-organizing provide an opportunity to meet the challenges of securing MANET BIB003 .