A survey on content-based retrieval for multimedia databases <s> Source of Contents <s> An interval-based temporal logic is introduced, together with a computationally effective reasoning algorithm based on constraint propagation. This system is notable in offering a delicate balance between <s> BIB001 </s> A survey on content-based retrieval for multimedia databases <s> Source of Contents <s> The presentation of Multimedia Objects requires simultaneous and/or sequential presentation of several representation types (text, graphics, images, audio and video sequences). Therefore the presentation has to he structured and the temporal relations of different actions have to be described. The temporal relations are realized by applying synchronization mechanisms. In this paper a general synchronization model for the description of presentation sequences of Multimedia Objects is introduced. This model is applied to the Open Document Architecture (ODA) Standard and ODA Extensions are defined to integrate temporal relationships into ODA. <s> BIB002 </s> A survey on content-based retrieval for multimedia databases <s> Source of Contents <s> Multimedia data often have time dependencies that must be satisfied at presentation time. To support a general-purpose multimedia information system, these timing relationships must be managed to provide utility to both the data presentation system and the multimedia author. New conceptual models for capturing these timing relationships, and managing them as part of a database are proposed. Specifically, n-ary and reverse temporal relations are introduced and defined along with their temporal constraints. These new relations are a generalization of earlier temporal models and establish the basis for conceptual database structures and temporal access control algorithms to facilitate forward, reverse, and partial-interval evaluation during multimedia object playout. The proposed relations are defined to ensure a property of monotonically increasing playout deadlines to facilitate both real-time deadline-driven playout scheduling or optimistic interval-based process playout. A translation of the conceptual models to a structure suitable for a relational database is presented. > <s> BIB003 </s> A survey on content-based retrieval for multimedia databases <s> Source of Contents <s> In this paper, we consider various spatial relationships that are of general interest in pictorial database systems. We present a set of rules that allow us to deduce new relationships from a given set of relationships. A deductive mechanism using these rules can be used in query processing systems that retrieve pictures by content. The given set of rules are shown to be sound, i.e. the deductions are logically correct. The rules are also shown to be complete for three dimensional systems, i.e. every relationship which is implied by a given consistent set of relationships F is deducible from F using the given rules. In addition, we show that the given set of rules is incomplete for two dimensional systems. <s> BIB004 </s> A survey on content-based retrieval for multimedia databases <s> Source of Contents <s> This paper presents a framework for data modeling and semantic abstraction of image/video data. The framework is based on spatio-temporal information associated with salient objects in an image or in a sequence of video frames and on a set of generalized n-ary operators defined to specify spatial and temporal relationships of objects present in the data. The methodology presented in this paper can manifest itself effectively in conceptualizing events and heterogeneous views in multimedia data as perceived by individual users. The proposed paradigm induces a multilevel indexing and searching mechanism that models information at various levels of granularity and hence allows processing of content-based queries in real time. We also devise a unified object-oriented interface for users with heterogeneous views to specify quem’es on the unbiased encoded data. Currently this framework is being developed to realize a highly integrated multimedia database architecture. 1 <s> BIB005 </s> A survey on content-based retrieval for multimedia databases <s> Source of Contents <s> The paper presents (i) two similarity based methods for retrieval of pictures using indices on spatial relationships; (ii) efficient algorithms for the deduction and reduction of spatial relationships, which are used for computation of similarity values; (iii) identification of a desirable property for spatial similarity functions and the construction of such a function. <s> BIB006
This taxonomy is largely related to the data models by which a multimedia database is constructed. In the relational data model, only a part_of relationship is assumed between attributes, both of which are defined in the same relation. However, as discussed in Section 2, not only attribute values themselves but also spatial and/or temporal relations are defined along with a hierarchy. There are several models proposed for the representation of such relations (see Section 2). In such multimedia databases, content lies in the value of a component object (i.e., image, video, or audio data), relation between the components, or the meaning derived from value or relation by knowledge. From the point of view of the source of contents which are evaluated in query processing, three types of contents are enumerated. a) Contents of value. Contents of value are the contents that lie in the value of media object. Queries for this type of contents are evaluated by comparing raw data of object with a query condition. If needed, raw data may be filtered or cut to extract a subset of the raw data. This is an ontology based content. b) Contents of relationship. This type of content is not in values but in relationship between primitive multimedia objects, which is defined under spatiotemporal data model. The relation consists of spatial/temporal relations and intervals or coordinates associated with the relations representing spatial and/or temporal correlation. Several studies have given representations of spatial and/or temporal relations, as seen in  , BIB005 , BIB003 , BIB002 , BIB004 , BIB006 . The frameworks of these studies which concern the synchronization of objects have been influenced by the work in BIB001 . c) Contents of derived semantics. Contents of derived semantics are not the contents which directly correspond to values or relations of media data, but those obtained by semantic interpretation or derivation from raw data or spatio-temporal relations. The content is epistemology-based; content of this type is evaluated by introducing the process of human's perception of concept or the recognition of objects.