A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Underwater Acoustic Networks Applications <s> As of today, Underwater Acoustic Networks (UANs) are heavily dependent on commercially available acoustic modems. While commercial modems are often able to support specific applications, they are typically not flexible enough to satisfy the requirements of next-generation UANs, which need to be able to adapt their communication and networking protocols in real-time based on the environmental and application conditions. To address these needs, we present SEANet (Software-dEfined Acoustic Networking), a modular, evolving software-defined framework for UAN devices that offers the necessary flexibility to adapt and satisfy different application and system requirements through a well-defined set of functionalities at the physical, data-link, network, and application layers of the networking protocol stack. SEANet is based on a structured modular architecture that enables real-time reconfiguration at different layers, provides a flexible platform for the deployment of new protocol designs and enhancements, and ensures software portability for platform independence. Moreover, we present a prototype of a low-cost, fully reconfigurable underwater sensing platform that implements the SEANet framework, and discuss performance evaluation results from water tank tests. <s> BIB001 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Underwater Acoustic Networks Applications <s> Abstract Underwater communication systems have drawn the attention of the research community in the last 15 years. This growing interest can largely be attributed to new civil and military applications enabled by large-scale networks of underwater devices (e.g., underwater static sensors, unmanned autonomous vehicles (AUVs), and autonomous robots), which can retrieve information from the aquatic and marine environment, perform in-network processing on the extracted data, and transmit the collected information to remote locations. Currently underwater communication systems are inherently hardware-based and rely on closed and inflexible architectural design. This imposes significant challenges into adopting new underwater communication and networking technologies, prevent the provision of truly-differentiated services to highly diverse underwater applications, and induce great barriers to integrate heterogeneous underwater devices. Software-defined networking (SDN), recognized as the next-generation networking paradigm, relies on the highly flexible, programmable, and virtualizable network architecture to dramatically improve network resource utilization, simplify network management, reduce operating cost, and promote innovation and evolution. In this paper, a software-defined architecture, namely SoftWater, is first introduced to facilitate the development of the next-generation underwater communication systems. More specifically, by exploiting the network function virtualization (NFV) and network virtualization concepts, SoftWater architecture can easily incorporate new underwater communication solutions, accordingly maximize the network capacity, can achieve the network robustness and energy efficiency, as well as can provide truly differentiated and scalable networking services. Consequently, the SoftWater architecture can simultaneously support a variety of different underwater applications, and can enable the interoperability of underwater devices from different manufacturers that operate on different underwater communication technologies based on acoustic, optical, or radio waves. Moreover, the essential network management tools of SoftWater are discussed, including reconfigurable multi-controller placement, hybrid in-band and out-of-band control traffic balancing, and utility-optimal network virtualization. Furthermore, the major benefits of SoftWater architecture are demonstrated by introducing software-defined underwater networking solutions, including the throughput-optimal underwater routing, SDN-enhanced fault recovery, and software-defined underwater mobility management. The research challenges to realize the SoftWater are also discussed in detail. <s> BIB002 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Underwater Acoustic Networks Applications <s> Underwater Wireless Networking (UWN) schemes and applications have been attracting considerable interest with both industry and the research community. The nature of water, as a carrier medium, imposes very significant constraints on the both the characteristics and information carrying capacity of underwater communication channels. Currently, acoustic and optical are the two main physical platform/channel choices. Acoustics offers relative simplicity but low data rates. Optical has a considerable bandwidth advantage, but is much more complex to implement, exploit and manage. Leveraging both technologies enables exploitation of their complementarities and synergies. A Software Defined Networking architecture, which separates the control and data planes, enables full exploitation of this acousto-optic combination. In this configuration, the longer-ranged acoustic channel serves as the control plane, allowing the controller to issue mobility and network related commands to distant AUVs, whilst the shorter range (but higher throughput) optical channel serves as the data plane, thereby allowing for fast transfer of data. This paper presents such a system, employing the NATO approved JANUS underwater communications standard for the control channel. <s> BIB003
Underwater acoustic networking (UAN) is a technology that enables new SDN applications for both commercial and military use. This includes underwater surveillance and data collection of ocean characteristics. Normally, the acoustic channel for underwater communication is characterized by noise, multipath, delay and path loss, while SDN can enable a more intelligent routing mechanism in such environments. This is reflected by two UAN papers BIB002 BIB003 that adopt the principles from OpenFlow to underwater networks. The authors present two examples of SDN architectures in order to achieve a more flexible routing, based on OpenFlow principles in the UAN domain. Demirros et al. BIB001 also emphasized the need for low energy consuming sensors and presented an architecture of an underwater sensor network with hardware sensors running on a hardware chip with customized SDN software.