Forecasting Issues of Wireless Communication Networks’ Cyber Resilience for An Intelligent Transportation System: An Overview of Cyber Attacks <s> None <s> This paper presents security of Internet of things. In the Internet of Things vision, every physical object has a virtual component that can produce and consume services Such extreme interconnection will bring unprecedented convenience and economy, but it will also require novel approaches to ensure its safe and ethical use. The Internet and its users are already under continual attack, and a growing economy-replete with business models that undermine the Internet's ethical use-is fully focused on exploiting the current version's foundational weaknesses. <s> BIB001 </s> Forecasting Issues of Wireless Communication Networks’ Cyber Resilience for An Intelligent Transportation System: An Overview of Cyber Attacks <s> None <s> In the past decade, internet of things (IoT) has been a focus of research. Security and privacy are the key issues for IoT applications, and still face some enormous challenges. In order to facilitate this emerging domain, we in brief review the research progress of IoT, and pay attention to the security. By means of deeply analyzing the security architecture and features, the security requirements are given. On the basis of these, we discuss the research status of key technologies including encryption mechanism, communication security, protecting sensor data and cryptographic algorithms, and briefly outline the challenges. <s> BIB002 </s> Forecasting Issues of Wireless Communication Networks’ Cyber Resilience for An Intelligent Transportation System: An Overview of Cyber Attacks <s> None <s> Fog/edge computing has been proposed to be integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) to enable computing services devices deployed at network edge, aiming to improve the user’s experience and resilience of the services in case of failures. With the advantage of distributed architecture and close to end-users, fog/edge computing can provide faster response and greater quality of service for IoT applications. Thus, fog/edge computing-based IoT becomes future infrastructure on IoT development. To develop fog/edge computing-based IoT infrastructure, the architecture, enabling techniques, and issues related to IoT should be investigated first, and then the integration of fog/edge computing and IoT should be explored. To this end, this paper conducts a comprehensive overview of IoT with respect to system architecture, enabling technologies, security and privacy issues, and present the integration of fog/edge computing and IoT, and applications. Particularly, this paper first explores the relationship between cyber-physical systems and IoT, both of which play important roles in realizing an intelligent cyber-physical world. Then, existing architectures, enabling technologies, and security and privacy issues in IoT are presented to enhance the understanding of the state of the art IoT development. To investigate the fog/edge computing-based IoT, this paper also investigate the relationship between IoT and fog/edge computing, and discuss issues in fog/edge computing-based IoT. Finally, several applications, including the smart grid, smart transportation, and smart cities, are presented to demonstrate how fog/edge computing-based IoT to be implemented in real-world applications. <s> BIB003
 The results of the similar procedure for IoV (based on  BIB002 BIB001  BIB003 ) are shown in Table 4 . Presence of open and insecure IP; this applies to the majority of IoV devices, and allows the implementation of the corresponding attacks, which causes the system to break. Formation of N-effect is possible: The correct organization of SDN streams minimizes or limits access for the malefactor to IoV devices with public IP. IoV _04: Cloud connection halting Even short-term failure of the exchange of traffic of IoV devices with a cloud can lead to the full infrastructure's refusal. Formation of I-effect with SDN_08 is possible (see Table 3 ). IoV _06: Fake connecting The IPv6 mechanism, used for IoV network scaling, allows the malefactor to create fake IoV devices, redirecting necessary traffic on itself. Formation of N-effect is possible: The SDN controller can partially operate streams at the time of addition of the new IoV device; this means "false" knots cannot connect to a network (including to "clouds"). This is considered above (see Case 1*). IoV _07: Physical access The main feature of IoV devices is their very small size, and the possibility of embedding in household objects is a serious threat in the case of a malefactor's physical access to them. IoV _08: Energy depletion The very small sizes of IoV devices require them to use batteries (because of the lack of a strict main power feed) with a limited validity period. This period of time can be considerably reduced by the malefactor by the creation of operating conditions of the IoV device with excessively high loading. Formation of N-effect is possible: The ability of SDN and algorithms of operation of its controller to trace network loading allow the prevention of the exhaustion of energy of IoV devices; it is considered above (see Case 1). IoV _10: Error clone Mass setup of the same IoV devices leads to the duplication of a wrong configuration. Formation of I-effect with SDN_06 is possible (see Table 3 ); it is considered above (see Case 3). A concept scheme of the process of synergetic impact of SDN on vulnerabilities of IoV (and vice versa) under the new cyber essence (SDIoV) is presented in Figure 1 . The qualitative analysis of the contents of Tables 3 and 4 allows it to predict that from the top 10 cyber threats of SDN can be neutralized only two of them by synergy of IoV (N-effect). Respectively, only three for IoV due to SDN. That is, the majority of threats to SDN and IoV in SDIoV will remain, and some of them will even be amplified (I-effect). Taking into account this circumstance, and the inevitable initiation of new cyber threats (G-effect), it is expedient to expand SDIoV by a new component which is a specialized subsystem of ensuring cyber security.