A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> This paper provides an overview of multi-cell coordinated scheduling and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques in LTE. We first discuss single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) for LTE and identify potential techniques for further improving the performance of LTE, such as enhanced channel state information feedback and adaptive switching between SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO. Then, we address inter-cell interference mitigation techniques for downlink and uplink, respectively. Finally, potential research challenges and topics in the area are discussed. <s> BIB001 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> In this paper, we investigate multiuser scheduling with joint user pairing, resource allocation, and power control (PC) in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) uplink cellular networks. We first derive the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in spatial multiuser single-carrier frequency-division multiple-access (SC-FDMA) systems with frequency-domain minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization. Based on this, we formulate an optimization problem as joint multiuser pairing, resource allocation, and PC to maximize the weighted throughput of the system. We then divide it into a two-step optimization problem, which is suboptimal but significantly reduces the complexity. The two-step problem first performs optimal frequency resource allocation and user pairing for a given transmit power value and then adjusts the transmit power to maximize the weighted throughput when frequency resources are allocated and users are paired. With the help of high-interference indicators exchanged among multiple base stations (BSs), we develop an iterative distributed and low-complexity algorithm to further simplify the two-step problem. System-level simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively mitigate interference and significantly outperforms the existing algorithms. <s> BIB002 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> This paper presents a novel smart downlink scheduling scheme to enhance the performance of multimedia transmission over long-term evolution (LTE) networks. LTE represents a promising framework for the next-generation broadband multimedia services because of its significantly increased data rate over 3G cellular networks. However, the current LTE scheduling scheme has largely been designed for general data traffic without adequate consideration of multimedia characteristics. Moreover, the hard handoff (HO) procedure adopted in LTE will further degrade the multimedia services when the mobile user moves from one cell to another. Even with increased data rate, current LTE systems still cannot deliver the expected quality of service (QoS) to the mobile users under various mobility scenarios, especially when the hard HO is evoked. Aiming at overcoming these major challenges, we develop in this paper a QoS-driven smart downlink scheduling scheme for enhanced multimedia transmission over LTE networks. The proposed design shall take the following QoS metrics into consideration: 1) the delay constraint of voice-over-Internet protocol flow; 2) the packet deadline of video flow; and 3) the service degradation induced by the hard HO procedure. We achieve the design objectives by creating three QoS-driven operational control modules: 1) a transmission delay control module to ensure the on-time arrival of various types of multimedia data; 2) an HO control module to warrant continuous multimedia services when the user moves across a cell boundary; and 3) a resource allocation module to strategically map the requested flows to best fit radio resource blocks. The simulation results confirm the performance gain of the proposed scheme. <s> BIB003 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> In this letter, we propose a novel component carrier on/off scheduling scheme using the learning-based prediction for LTE in the unlicensed spectrum. Particularly, we use Lyapunov optimization to improve the performance of packet throughput and energy consumption, and use Vapnik-Chervonenkis theory to analyze the gap between the predicted optimal value and the practical one. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can deliver good trade-off between packet throughput and energy consumption by turning off some carrier components, especially when the traffic load is not high. <s> BIB004 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> In this paper, we study the performance of long-term evolution (LTE) for various types of channel-adapted scheduling for nonreal-time flows, while an end-to-end congestion control algorithm controls the rate of elastic traffic at the end users. First, we propose a new type of queue-aware channel-adapted scheduling at a base station, and explain how it allocates resources to competing nonreal-time flows where channel conditions are time-varying. We also introduce a new congestion measure function for a minimum cost flow control (MCFC) algorithm in the LTE and call it an individual flow-based congestion measure. We show that using different combinations of channel-adapted scheduling at the base station and congestion control algorithms can lead to major differences in the obtained throughput and fairness for the best-effort traffic. The results clearly show that the transport protocol and scheduling algorithm can cause significant conflict in some situations. We show the advantages of the proposed queue-aware channel-adapted scheduling in performance improvement and we also show that the combination of an MCFC algorithm (in which the new individual flow-based congestion measure is applied), with queue-aware proportional fair scheduling, leads to a better tradeoff between overall throughput and fairness compared with the other studied combinations. <s> BIB005 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> In this study, a playout buffer and discontinuous reception (DRX) aware scheduling scheme (PBDAS) is proposed to improve the video streaming transmission over the long term evolution systems by considering the characteristics of both the DRX mechanism and the HTTP streaming. First, to reconcile the three mechanisms, the metric called remaining playout time (RPT) is proposed, which can be used to estimate the playout status of the clients. With the RPT, the scheduler can accurately differentiate the urgency among the clients. Then, a two level resource allocation schemes is proposed. In the scheduler, the upper level is responsible for determining the scheduling set, while the lower level will be in charge of allocating the resource to the user equipments (UEs) in the set. With the scheduling set, the priority of the UEs can be accurately distinguished. For different scheduling set, different forms of metrics are designed, with which both the efficiency of the radio resource and the playout continuity can be significantly improved. In addition, a playout buffer level estimation method is given to improve the feasibility of the implementation of PBDAS. By analysing the behaviour of the playout buffer, the buffer level can be estimated with the cumulative serving rate and the HTTP streaming information, which can be obtained in the eNodeB and from the quality of experience reports, respectively. The simulation results show that PBDAS can shorten the total interruption duration of the existing schemes by about 50% as well as keep the power consumption at a low level. <s> BIB006 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> To deploy long-term evolution advanced (LTE-A) networks on unlicensed bands, licensed-assisted access (LAA) has been regarded as an unprecedented technology in the third generation partnership project (3GPP) Rel-13. However, due to uncontrollable interference from collocated WiFi networks, a particular LAA-WiFi hidden terminal problem may occur, thus degrading the performance of the existing scheduling-based radio access in LTE-A. To provide foundations for LAA standardization, we analytically derive the optimum radio access for LAA, which reveals a dynamic switch between scheduling-based and random access schemes. The switching condition derived in this letter thus suggests the optimum design for LAA networks. <s> BIB007 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> The Internet of Things (IoT) aims at connecting a very large number of devices using an Internet-like architecture. Machine-to-machine (M2M) networks are considered the main component of the IoT. Long-term evolution (LTE) and LTE-advanced (LTE-A) are excellent candidates for supporting M2M communications due to their native IP connectivity and scalability for massive number of devices. Therefore, LTE schedulers should be capable of satisfying the needs of M2M devices such as timing constraints and specific quality of service (QoS) requirements. In this paper, we present a survey on uplink scheduling techniques over LTE and LTE-A from an M2M perspective. We focus on the aspects associated with M2M communications; namely, power efficiency, QoS support, multihop connectivity, and scalability for massive number of devices. <s> BIB008 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> This paper studies the performance of two traditional schedulers, namely, proportional fair (PF) and round robin (RR), in the context of relay-enhanced Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) networks. These two schedulers are natural candidates for implementation in relay nodes (RNs), and following the results obtained in single-hop networks, mobile operators could be tempted to adopt PF because of the good tradeoff it offers between cell capacity and fairness. Based on a statistical throughput evaluation model, we show that this is not necessarily the right option. The number of RNs, their locations in the cell, and backhaul link quality have a decisive influence on scheduler choice. In some scenarios, it is even not desirable to deploy relays as they degrade the network performance compared with the no-relay case. For the purpose of performance evaluation, we develop a realistic and computationally tractable statistical network model that takes into account fast fading, multiple interferers, cell range expansion bias, backhaul link quality, and traffic load. We also propose optimization of the radio frame structure and a suboptimal RN placement scheme to fairly compare RR and PF. <s> BIB009 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> Small cells are a promising solution to increase the network capacity and to offload network traffic for LTE-A networks. In an LTE-A small cell network, there is one macro eNB (MeNB) and several slave eNBs (SeNBs). Recently, the dual connectivity technology is proposed for enhancing LTE-A small cell networks. For a user equipment (UE) that has dual connectivity, the MeNB can split the UE’s downlink traffic and enable this UE to receive its downlink data from the MeNB and an SeNB simultaneously. In this work, we propose a downlink traffic scheduling ( DTS ) scheme for the MeNB to arrange the data rate of downlink traffic splitting to SeNBs for UEs that have dual connectivity. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively increase the network throughput for LTE-A small cell networks with dual connectivity enhancement. <s> BIB010 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> In hybrid wired–wireless media, congestion control and scheduling are both trying to allocate bandwidth to the flows. Performance studies of long-term evolution (LTE) networks show that by decreasing the mismatch between scheduling at the base station of an LTE network and congestion control algorithms implemented at end users, significant improvements in the obtained overall throughput and fairness for best-effort traffic are achieved. In this paper, a problem formulation for joint scheduling and congestion control based on dual problem optimization is provided for a hybrid media, which includes a wireless LTE network. The original optimization problem is decomposed into two subproblems: congestion control problem and link scheduling problem. We propose methods to solve and implement these subproblems in different layers of a hybrid network, and call the derived link scheduling subproblem best price-channel quality indicator (CQI) product scheduling. Then, the performance of the proposed joint algorithm for LTE is studied. The results show a better tradeoff between the overall throughput and the fairness for the joint algorithm compared with classic cases in which congestion control and scheduling are separately designed and implemented without any cooperation. The behavior of the proposed best price-CQI product scheduler and a common proportional fair scheduler is compared, and some notable similarities in the case of applying logarithmic utility functions are observed. <s> BIB011 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> This study proposes a near-optimal packet scheduling scheme in the satellite long term evolution (LTE) network which uses multiuser multiple-in multiple-out technique. For the available resources in the satellite LTE network to be fully utilised and in order to meet the set targets of 4G standard, the need for an optimal scheduling scheme that will maximise the throughput without compromising the quality of service and fairness of users is very crucial. The aim of this study is to propose near-optimal scheduling schemes that have been obtained using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker multipliers and compare their performances with other throughput-optimal scheduling schemes. A new metric that can be used to compute the overall performance of the scheduling schemes is also presented. This work has adopted the use of a land mobile dual-polarised GEO satellite system. <s> BIB012 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> In Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and beyond systems, radio resource scheduling mechanism plays one of the main roles in system performance maximization. From this perspective, due to the conflicting quality requirements of different traffic types, providing a compromise among all performance targets for heterogeneous traffic is difficult. Moreover, the centralized scheduling mechanism for the ever growing number of users along with the massive variety of services, especially in overload states, is infeasible due to the extensive cost of information acquisition and computations. In this paper, we design resource scheduling policies for supporting the efficient delivery of heterogeneous traffic in overload states of a cell. To this end, we cast the class-based bearer-level resource distribution problem as a Proportional Fractional Knapsack model. The objective of the formulated problem is to meet Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and provide fairness for all standardized service classes. Since the solution of this problem is computationally expensive, due to the uncertainty and limited information on network and user operation, we develop a Gaussian-based analytical model and drive a formula for simplified computation of the weight of service bearers. Then, we propose Proportional Fractional Knapsack algorithm for guaranteeing effective utilization of resources for heterogeneous traffic. Finally, performance evaluation results are provided and demonstrate that the proposed scheduling approach can provide a significant level of fairness, in balance with the QoS and throughput performance targets, comparable with optimal ones. <s> BIB013 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> Providing diverse and strict quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees is one of the most important requirements in machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, which is particularly need for appropriate resource allocation for a large number of M2M devices. To efficiently allocate resource blocks (RBs) for M2M devices while satisfying QoS requirements, we propose group-based M2M communications, in which M2M devices are clustered based on their wireless transmission protocols, their QoS characteristics, and their requirements. To perform joint RB and power allocation in SC-FDMA-based LTE-A networks, we formulate a sum-throughput maximization problem, while respecting all the constraints associated with SC-FDMA scheme, as well as QoS requirements in M2M devices. The constraints in uplink SC-FDMA air interface in LTE-A networks complicate the resource allocation problem. We solve the resource allocation problem by first transforming it into a binary integer programming problem and then formulate a dual problem using the Lagrange duality theory. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms traditional Greedy algorithm in terms of throughput maximization while satisfying QoS requirements, and its performance is close to the optimal design. <s> BIB014 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> We investigate multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheduling under the practical constraints in long-term evolution advanced (LTE-A) downlink cellular networks. The authors first derive the received signal model in MU-MIMO systems when there exist both inter-stream interference (ISI) and inter-user interference (IUI) at each user device. Based on this, they formulate the optimisation problem as joint user pairing, precoding matrix indicator (PMI) selection, and resource block (RB) allocation to maximise the total system throughput. The authors then develop a codebook grouping technique for user pairing and PMI selection in MU-MIMO. With the help of codebook grouping, the authors propose some suboptimal and low-complexity scheduling algorithms to improve system throughput. From system-level simulation, the proposed algorithms can improve the network throughput significantly when exploiting only limited feedback designed for single-user (SU) MIMO in the LTE-A specification. <s> BIB015 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> Resource allocation, or scheduling, is one of the main challenges that face supporting machine-to-machine (M2M) communications on long term evolution networks. M2M traffic has unique characteristics. It generally consists of a large number of small data packets, with specific deadlines, generated by a potentially massive number of devices contending over the scarce radio resources. In this paper, we introduce a novel M2M scheduling metric that we term the “statistical priority”. Statistical priority is a term that indicates the uniqueness of the information carried by certain data packets sent by machine-type communications devices (MTCDs). If an MTCD data unit is significantly dissimilar to the previously sent data, it is considered to carry non-redundant information. Consequently, it would be assigned higher statistical priority, and this MTCD should then be given higher priority in the scheduling process. Using this proposed metric in scheduling, the scarce radio resources would be used for transmitting statistically important information rather than repetitive data, which is a common situation in M2M communications. Simulation results show that our proposed statistical priority-based scheduler outperforms the other baseline schedulers in terms of having the least number of deadline misses (less than 4%) for critical data packets. In addition, our scheduler outperforms the other baseline schedulers in non-redundant data transmission as it achieves a success ratio of at least 70%. <s> BIB016 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> In this paper, we focus on uplink scheduling with the practical constraints imposed by the Long-Term Evolution/Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE/LTE-A) standard. We consider multimedia traffic generated by mobile users with heterogeneous quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. To tackle the resulting time and frequency problem, we then propose an adaptive and potential aware scheduling scheme (APASS), which is standard compliant and covers a wide range of scheduling objectives. This scheduling scheme is composed of three algorithms, which work jointly to provide an efficient solution. Our performance evaluation shows that the APASS outperforms other state-of-the-art scheduling schemes in terms of user satisfaction and delay. <s> BIB017 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> Long term evolution (LTE) is a standard widely used in cellular networks today. Both resource scheduling and pricing are two critical issues. However, existing studies address them separately, making the goals of improving system performance and increasing operator revenue conflicting. This paper proposes a pricing-aware resource scheduling (PARS) framework to conquer this conflict. It classifies users into three levels and has scheduling and pricing modules, which are installed in a base station and the core network of LTE, respectively. The scheduling module uses three-layer schedulers to assign resource to a flow by considering its packet delay, traffic amount, channel condition, and user level. The pricing module uses price elasticity of demand in economics to adaptively adjust the amount of money charged to users. Through experiments by LTE-Sim, we show that PARS achieves a good balance between performance and revenue, and provides quality of service for the flows with strict delay concerns. <s> BIB018 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> The 3GPP has recently published the first version of the Release 14 standard that includes support for V2V communications using LTE sidelink communications (referred to as LTE-V, LTE-V2X, LTE-V2V or Cellular V2X). The standard includes a mode (mode 4) where vehicles autonomously select and manage the radio resources without any cellular infrastructure support. This is highly relevant since V2V safety applications cannot depend on the availability of infrastructure-based cellular coverage, and transforms LTE-V into a possible (or complimentary) alternative to 802.11p. The performance of LTE-V in mode 4 is highly dependent on its distributed scheduling protocol (sensing-based Semi-Persistent Scheduling) that is used by vehicles to reserve resources for their transmissions. This paper presents the first evaluation of the performance and operation of this protocol under realistic traffic conditions in urban scenarios. The evaluation demonstrates that further enhancements should be investigated to reduce packet collisions. <s> BIB019 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> Toward 5G, LTE-Advanced specifies the key objective that the gigabit data rate for real-time video streaming can be transmitted under a high mobility scenario; thus, packet scheduling and radio resource management become the critical techniques that should be addressed effectively. Additionally, the mechanisms of relaying and the OFDMA coding have been certainly adopted in LTE-Advanced for the purposes of increasing the wireless service coverage and improving signal quality of UEs nearing the cell boundaries. Several studies propose some improvements for the relaying-based packet scheduling, but suffer from long packet delay, high packet dropping probability moderate system capacity, and degrading QoS of real-time packet transmissions. This paper thus proposes an Adaptive LTE-Advanced cross-layer packet Scheduling (ALS) to guarantee real-time high-speed packet service for LTE-Advanced. ALS consists of two mechanisms: 1) Adaptive Reward Priority Scheduling: the cross layer-based adaptive packet scheduling at the MAC layer and 2) Dynamic Resource Allocation algorithm: the efficient radio resource allocation at the PHY layer. Numerical results demonstrate ALS outperforms the compared approaches in system capacity, packet dropping probability, average packet delay, etc. <s> BIB020 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> Next generation cellular networks (5G) have to deal with deployment of massive machine-type-communication (MTC) devices as the internet of things (IoT) becomes pervasive. To cater to such demand, 3GPP has finalized specifications for enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) and narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) as part of LTE Release 131. To avoid resource congestion to legacy users, eMTC communication can be limited to predefined eMTC narrowband(s) with receiver bandwidth of 1.08MHz, whereas in NB-IoT all communications are limited to a single resource block2. Both eMTC and NB-IoT are designed to cater for bandwidth limited low complexity/coverage enhancement (BL/CE) devices, with MTC messages repeated across several BL/CE subframes lasting up to several seconds, to accomodate for large maximum coupling losses (MCL). To avoid MTC users from hogging, collide with legacy resources during lengthy repetitions, 3GPP defines BL/CE subframes and has made provisions for valid and invalid BL/CE subframes to be configured. With large number of MTC devices sharing limited resources and message repetitions lasting several SFs, the LTE medium access control (MAC) scheduler processing burden will be significantly increased. This is because the scheduler operates on a subframe (SF) basis and has to find the MTC users who can be scheduled either in the current SF, or at a future SF after ongoing repetitions finish, or within a gap between previously scheduled repetitions. Another complexity is that the control messages(e.g., MPDCCH) can only be scheduled at certain start intervals and within predefined boundaries. In this paper we address these problems with a low complexity constant time scheduling scheme for MTC users3 when invalid BL/CE SFs are configured. The proposed algorithms are generic and applicable to both eNB and UE implementation. With detailed system level simulations we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed scheme when large number of MTC users are active in the system. <s> BIB021 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> The core concept of Smart Grid (SG) is to enhance the level of intelligent management for power grid by the application of modern information, communication and other advanced technologies. With wide coverage, high reliability and large capacity, the Long-Term-Evolution (LTE) network is widely used in the SG wireless communication. However, SG is different from traditional cellular networks. Many kinds of equipments in the smart grid have quite different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Since there are some shortcomings in the existing resource allocation algorithms in LTE network, this paper aims to propose a resource scheduling algorithm, which can meet the needs of users' different QoS requirements. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is fit for smart grid wireless communication network and can improve the performance of high-priority users as well as realize the differentiated treatment of users. <s> BIB022 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> Machine-to-Machine (M2M) has become a generally used term owing to the concept of the Internet of Things (IOT). M2M communications have numerous areas of implementation such as medicine, transportation, environmental monitoring, and smart grids. As the field of its implementation extends, the number of M2M equipment are projected to grow proportionally in the upcoming few years. Current cellular network technologies will not be able to cope with the expected increase in the number of M2M services while considering QoS as a major topic. Many applications of M2M are delay sensitive that will lead to overhead on the physical random access channel, in addition to the lack of their standardization. In this paper, a model is proposed, by using Non-Preemptive Queuing Model, in order to investigate the performance of different M2M and H2H traffic classes under dynamic Access Grant Time Interval (AGTI) controlled scheduling scheme. This is done by using M/G/m/m queuing model focusing on the resource utilization and the Quality of Service (QoS). The proposed technique achieves a better percentage in delay reduction and a less percentage of packet loss. <s> BIB023 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> Traditional live television (TV) broadcasting systems are proven to be spectrum inefficient. Therefore, researchers propose to provide TV services on fourth-generation (4G) long-term evolution (LTE) networks. However, static broadcast, a typical broadcasting method over cellular network, is inefficient in terms of radio resource usage. To solve this problem, the audience-driven live TV scheduling (ADTVS) framework is proposed, to maximize radio resource usage when providing TV broadcasting services over LTE networks. ADTVS, a system-level scheduling framework, considers both available radio resources and audience preferences, in order to dynamically schedule TV channels for broadcasting at various time and locations. By conducting a simulation using real-life data and scenarios, it is shown that ADTVS significantly outperforms the static broadcast method. Numerical results indicate that, on average, ADTVS enables substantial improvement to broadcast efficiency and conserves considerable amount of radio resources, while forgoing less than 5% of user services compared to the benchmark system. <s> BIB024 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> We study the fair coexistence of scheduled and random access transmitters sharing the same frequency channel. Interest in coexistence is topical due to the need for emerging unlicensed LTE technologies to coexist fairly with WiFi. However, this interest is not confined to LTE/WiFi as coexistence is likely to become increasingly commonplace in IoT networks and beyond 5G. In this article we show that mixing scheduled and random access incurs and inherent throughput/delay cost, the cost of heterogeneity. We derive the joint proportional fair rate allocation, which casts useful light on current LTE/WiFi discussions. We present experimental results on inter-technology detection and consider the impact of imperfect carrier sensing. <s> BIB025 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> This Scheduling in heterogeneous LTE-Advanced Networks is a very important approach where using the effective scheduler helps to enhance the overall system performance. There are different scheduling algorithms developed in downlink LTE system. The main improvement of this current paper is to design a Modified Capacity Enhanced PF (MCE-PF) Downlink Scheduling Algorithm for heterogeneous networks that achieves better performance in terms of throughput and spectral efficiency compared to the original PF and to other methods for scheduling. The new algorithm is, however, applied on the two types of networks heterogeneous and homogeneous networks to quantify its performance using simulation. <s> BIB026 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> Recently, the interest in operating long term evolution (LTE) in unlicensed bands (i.e., LTE-U) has increased. However, since LTE does not sense for channel vacancy prior to transmissions, whereas a wireless local area network (WLAN) is based on carrier sensing multiple access, LTE interference severely degrades the performance of WLAN. To maximize the LTE throughput while maintaining fairness between LTE and WLAN, we formulate a joint optimization problem of channel selection and frame scheduling in LTE. As a practical solution of this problem, we propose a low-complexity heuristic algorithm called the sequential operation algorithm (SOA). Evaluation results demonstrate that SOA can achieve an LTE throughput comparable to that of the optimal solution, while maintaining fairness between LTE and WLAN by selecting appropriate channels and conducting effective frame scheduling. <s> BIB027 </s> A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art <s> RESEARCH TOWARDS SCHEDULING PROBLEMS <s> Recently, analytical calculations of spectrum requirements for 4G/5G systems have gained much attention from mobile industry and radio authority worldwide. Resource block (RB) scheduling based on devices’ channel conditions is important to guarantee quality of service in such systems. However, despite these attention and importance, there have been scarce works on stochastic modeling for the number of scheduled RBs in calculating spectrum requirements. Thus, in this letter, we derive a probability distribution of the number of scheduled RBs using 2-D Markov chain model, and present a calculation method and examples for LTE-A spectrum requirements based on the derived distribution. <s> BIB028
This section discusses about the existing research-based approaches towards enhancing the scheduling process in LTE-based Networks. Aiyetoro et al. BIB012 have introduced a scheduling plan in satellite of LTE networks to achieve the ideal QoS of LTE standards in respect of throughput and delay constraints. Here, a non-linear optimization approach is used and compared their presented approach with other optimal scheduling method. The BIB012 system achieves good throughput and gives optimal scheduling performance. Chen and Liu BIB006 gives a scheduling model for media streaming transmission to achieve play-out continuity over LTE services. The BIB006 model is based on discontinuous reception called as DRX and playout buffer with including three methods to solve this problem that are 1). Remaining playout time, 2). Resource allocation technique and 3). Buffer level calculation technique. The outcome reduces the energy cost of user equipments (UEs) at low level and it is also shown that performance of presented model is 50% better when compared with existing scheme. Fan et al. BIB002 works on multiuser scheduling and pairing system with including inter and intra cell interference in the LTE uplink cellular networks. Here, a collaborative optimization problem is defined by considering signal-tointerference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) into SC-FDMA and frequency domain minimum mean-square error (FD-MMSE) in concept of extending throughput of overall network. The study outcomes display that the presented method reduced the interference and perform well in compared to existing method. Ferdosian et al. BIB013 considered difficulty in scheduling for heterogeneous traffic in overload phase in LTE download link in which user's channel details are varying and is not fixed. Here, an analytical framework is considered and presented a Fractional Knapsack algorithm to achieve QoS requirement and for efficient consumption of resource for heterogeneous traffic in overload state of cell. The results gives suitable fairness and fullfill QoS requirements. Ghavimi et al. BIB014 considered issue related with the power allocation, Resource block (RB) and QoS requirement for M2M communication in uplink SC-FDMA dependent LTE-A networks. The authors formulate computational algorithm based on Lagrange multiplier concept. The outcomes gives that the BIB014 method defeats the existing Greedy algorithm in respect of providing maximum throughput and meets the QoS requirements. Grondalen et al. [28] introduced a scheduler performance analysis parameter of different-different LTE downlinks channels with flat and frequency selective channels, saturated UDP and TCP traffic source and also considering the frequency-domain and time-domain schedulers. The outcomes better tradeoff among the cell capacity and fairness for UDP and TCP traffic source. Guo et al. BIB015 considered multi user multiple-input multiple outputs (MIMO) scheduling in LTE downlink cellular networks. The framework is developed in multi user MIMO system in presence of inter stream interference and inter user interference and developed a optimization problem approach based on precoding matrix indicator selection, joint user pairing and RB allocation and considering these parameter optimal scheduling algorithm is elaborated which used to increase throughput of overall system. The simulated results display that it is able to achieve good throughput. Ko et al. BIB027 has designed scheme in which channel selection and frame scheduling taken as joint optimization problem approach which bring maximum throughput in LTE and also balancing the fairness among the WLAN and LTE. The authors have formulate another heuristic algorithm named as sequential operational algorithm (SOA) to reduce the complexity of The authors discovered approach and in SOA the channels are selected according to channel ideal state probability and LTE transmission interval can be calculated by fairness between the LTE and WLAN. The outcomes of this study are display that the presented method gets comparable throughput to optimal solution and also get fairness between LTE and WLAN. Li et al. BIB001 has introduced with overview on MIMO techniques and multi-cell coordinate scheduling technique for LTE cellular networks. The authors have considered various approaches on SU-MIMO and multi-user MIMO for improving more performance parameter and discussed minimization of inter-cell interference methods for uplink and downlink in LTE. The study reveals that many aspects are ISSN: 2528-2417  A research survey on scheduling techniques in lte-based network and its state of art (Srinivasa R K) 53 discussed in terms of improving performance parameter.Lien et al. BIB007 has concentrated on Licensed-assisted access (LLA) collocated with wireless networks in which the authors developed optimum radio access which display the dynamic switch between scheduling dependent radio access and a random access plans. The result of this study shows the most favorable design of LLA networks. Liu and Chen BIB003 have developed a framework based on downlink scheduling for enhancing and handle several complexities of media communication transmission using LTE network services by considering the following control module such as transmission control module and smart resource allocation module. The study outcomes show that discussed approach gives suitable scheduling performance for multimedia transmission over LTE networks.Luo et al. BIB004 has offered a new scheme which involved component carrier on/off scheduling and resource allocation. The presented scheme is based on the Lyapunov optimization to enhance the activity of packet throughput and uses Vapnik-Chervonenkis theoretical conept to determine the variation between predicted optimal value and practical value. The simulate outcomes of study generates good trade-off among the power utilization and packet throughput at the time of low traffic load. Mehaseb et al. BIB008 has studied on various uplink scheduling methods in LTE in regards of M2M communication for providing QoS requirements, power efficiency, scalability and multi-hop connectivity. The outcome this study is shows that author have tried to flash some light on the construction and designing requirement of scheduling techniques for M2M communication to meet the goal of QoS, throughput and delay constraint. Minelli et al. BIB009 has reported the performance parameter of two conventional scheduler methods that are Proportional Fair (PF) and Round Robin (RR) for relay-enhanced LTE-A cellular networks. The authors have formulate the optimal model for extending the throughput and designed sub-optimal relay nodes placement for comparing RR and PF. The outcomes of study shows that PF is not performed well with respect of RR in several scheme. Mostafa and Gadallah BIB016 have presented scheduling methodology to analyze the important factor of information in the data to be sent by machine type communications devices. (MTCDs). A statistical priority approach is used as the scheduling algorithm to define the scarce radio resources to MTCDs. The results offer that the presented method achieves great performance then other baseline schedulers in such a way that it having the least number of deadline misses for critical data packets. Pan et al. BIB010 , has carried out to work on improve the network traffic and enhance the network capability for LTEadvanced (LTE-A) networks. A novel Downlink Traffic Arrangement approach is introduced to adopt arrangement downlink traffic with double connectivity improvement for LTE-A small network. The simulation outcomes show that novel scheduling approach can successfully improve the throughput of network with double connectivity enhancement for LTE-A small network. The paper has presented by Ragaleux et al. BIB017 discuss about the frequency and time resulting issues in LTE-A network. To resolve these issues, introduced an approach is Robust and Probable Conscious Scheduling, which protect an extensive range of scheduling objectives. The proposed method developed by three algorithms is follows: -For problem reduction. -For First distribution and Users selection. -For potential-conscious allocation. The suggested scheduling approach is more effective than traditional approaches in terms of satisfied operators in performance calculation outcomes. In the same way, Opportunistic Packet Delay Outage Ratio Aware function exceed the Proportional fair/MaxSNR effectiveness function for multimedia scenario. Wang and Tsai BIB018 , has discussed about less system performance and lesser operator revenue problems arises in LTE network. In this study, authors has addressed a framework model is Pricing-conscious Resource Scheduling to resolve this conflict. It contain pricing and arrangement both module. Without loss of generalization, the framework model categorize into three levels: - The result shows that the framework model make an optimal balance between revenue and performance. It also supports Quality of Services for video service and Voice over Internet Protocol. Zolfaghari and Taheri BIB005 , has addressed a non-real time flows issues. To tackle this issue here, authors introduced a novel scheduling approach is Queue-conscious Channel-adapted method in performance enhancement. It is well-matched with congestion control algorithms like minimal cost flow control algorithm, which considered on fluid flow statement. By the using proposed approach provide higher performance as compared to plain scheduling methods. The outcomes shows the proposed scheduling technique with minimal cost flow control achieved high throughput and improve the elastic traffic. The study of Zolfaghari and Taheri BIB011 , addressed issues in joint arrangement and congestion control optimization in LTE network. To improve these issues in LTE network explained about the scheduling methods which is Price Channel Quality. The outcomes displays an optimal adjustment between the entire throughput and the equality for the joint algorithm, where scheduling and congestion control distinctly designed and executed without any support. In the study of Masegosa and Gzalvez BIB019 , has introduced the first appraisal of the operation and performance of LTE vehicle-to-vehicle mode 4 communication in accurate traffic conditions. In this study, author has introduced a novel technique is semi persistent scheduling based on sensing. It analyzed and measured the different types of transmission errors. The result shows the errors below 5% for all outcomes. The proposed technique provide reduction with the distance between receiver and transmitter and the channel load. In the study of Chang et al. BIB020 discussed the issues low throughput and high packet loss rate, which arises in LTE-A. Has introduced a technique which is based on cross layer packet scheduling, and it is classified into two mechanisms: -Adaptive reward priority scheduling in MAC layer. -Dynamic resource scheduling algorithm in physical layer. The technique provides the collaboration with the data symbol scheduling and Channel Quality Indicator at physical layer. The outcomes shows given technique provide optimal solution for higher throughput and low packet delay in LTE-A network system. Kim and Park BIB028 has carried out the work on developed a framework an integrated modelling based on two dimensional Markov chain model for probability distribution of the number of arranged resource blocks. The outcomes defined that the presented framework model are reliable with spontaneous speculations. But it is tough to evaluate or examine the number of arranged resource blocks exactly. The study of Chakrapani BIB021 has described an efficient resource scheduling framework model, which is collaborate with narrowband internet things and improved machine type communication and also using two algorithmic approaches. The proposed technique reduces the complexity of limited bandwidth and improve the coverage LTE network. The outcomes shows that algorithmic approaches provides important profits increase to 80% over a loop based scheduling techniques and also the presented algorithmic approach are generic and appropriate to enhanced narrowband and user equipment implementation. The study carried out of Feng et al. BIB022 has addressed the scheduling algorithms and Quality of Services based LTE downlink scheduler for improving low communication and application information in smart grid communication. The simulation outcomes display the improvement of packet loss rate, delay and average throughput. It is important enhancement in smart grid which based on LTE network. Alaa et al. BIB023 carried out the work on machine to machine delay sensitive and lack of standardization problems in LTE network system. So authors has presented a technique is dynamic access grant time interval control scheduling approach which is based on non-preemptive queuing framework. The introduced scheduling approach has achieves an optimal percentage in reducing delay and as well as packet loss decreases in less percentage. Lau et al. BIB024 , has introduced a framework model for inefficient radio resource usage in LTE broadcasting. The framework which defined by author is Audience Driven Live Television Scheduling method, to enhance radio resource usage for television broadcasting over LTE network system. The proposed framework method usage three algorithms: -For television channels popularity calculation. -For resource approximation. -For resource allocation. The framework method is structured for both rural and suburban areas and it is easy to relocate in different locations. The outcomes shows that the proposed method attains higher broadcast proficiency and conserved important amount of radio resources. Cano et al. BIB025 , has described the issue of low throughput and high delay cost of heterogeneity. The method is introduced by authors are Listen before Talk with Load Based Equipment (LT/LBE) and Carrier Sensing and Adaptive Transmission (CSAT) approach. The experimental outcomes shows the heterogeneity cost is more for CSAT, and throughput of LTE is less when compared to use of LT/LBE. In defective inter technology detection the consumption of explicit communication is more difficult in CSAT due to higher possibility of loss compared to LT/LBE. Eladham et al. BIB026 , has discussed about lower system performance in-forms of spectral proficiency and lower throughput issues. For this issues introduced an algorithmic design of Improved Capacity Superior Proportional Fair downlink scheduling methods for achieve optimal system performance. It helps to enhance the heterogeneous network performance that allocate resource blocks with extend the system capacity and high fairness. The outcomes of this study shows that proposed algorithm enhance spectral proficiency and fairness as compared to other traditional approaches. Similarly, Xitlaly et al.  have also addressed scheduling problems. Hence, all the above mentioned techniques offers solutions towards Non-linear optimization approach Ideal throughput and supports both single and multiple traffic state. Only achieves maximum throughput. Chen and Liu BIB006 Playout buffer and DRX based mechanism. Playout continuity in steaming and saves UEs energy. Insufficient to keep Quality of experience of client. Or limited power saving. Fan et al. BIB002 Optimization Algorithm Improved performance in LTE uplink cellular networks.