Smart Solutions for RFID based Inventory Management Systems: A Survey <s>  <s> Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a wireless data capturing technique that utilizes radio frequency (RF) waves for automatic identification of objects. RFID relies on RF waves for data transmission between the data carrying device, called the RFID tag, and the interrogator. <s> BIB001 </s> Smart Solutions for RFID based Inventory Management Systems: A Survey <s>  <s> This paper proposes a digital warehouse management system (DWMS) in the tobacco industry based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The DWMS helps warehouse managers to achieve better inventory control, as well as to improve the operation efficiency. In this system, a set of basic events and storage/retrieval rules are defined as event-condition-action (ECA) rules to improve the feasibility and flexibility of DWMS. By using RFID technology, the DWMS enables a plane warehouse to achieve visualised inventory management, automatic storage/retrieval assignment and high accuracy of inventory control as an automatic warehouse. A case in the tobacco industry is studied to illustrate the feasibility and rationality of the proposed system. Based on the ECA rules, a storage/retrieval methodology is proposed to improve the storage/ retrieval operations. The results of this case study illustrate that RFID-DWMS can help a plane warehouse to improve operation efficiency, enhance the utilisation of warehouse capacity, increase inventory accuracy and reduce manpower and loading time significantly. <s> BIB002 </s> Smart Solutions for RFID based Inventory Management Systems: A Survey <s>  <s> A novel localization technique for frequency-domain chipless RF identification (RFID) tag is proposed. A short-duration ultra-wideband impulse radio signal interrogates the tags, and multiple receivers in the interrogation zone capture the backscattered signal from the tags. The received signals from the chipless tags are analyzed for the structural mode radar cross section to determine the relative ranges. Using the range information, the linear least square (LLS) method is employed for accurate localization of tagged items. The accuracy of the localization method is analyzed by moving the chipless tag within a fixed interrogation zone. The whole system is modeled in CST Microwave Studio Suite 2012 to comply with a realistic scenario. The post-processing for range and tag position estimation through LLS is done in MATLAB. The method is also verified in laboratory environment with fabricated chipless RFID tags and multiple receiving units. The range and angular resolution are 2.1 cm and 3.5 °, respectively. The analysis and results create a strong foundation for chipless RFID tags to be used in tracking and localization. <s> BIB003 </s> Smart Solutions for RFID based Inventory Management Systems: A Survey <s>  <s> In the last few years, a stimulating idea is fast emergingin the wireless scenario: the pervasive presence around us of a variety of things or objects, such as RFID, sensors, actuators, mobile phones, which, through unique addressing schemes, are able to interact with each other and cooperate with their neighboring smart c- ponents to reach common goals. This novel paradigm, named The Internet of Things (IoT) continues on the path set by the concept of smart environments and paves the way to the depl- ment of numerous applications with a signi cant impact on many elds of future every-day life. In this context, logistics, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), business/process management,assisted living, and e-health are only a few examples of possible application elds in which this novel paradigm will play a leading role in the next future. Actually,manychallengingissues still needto be addressedand both technolo- calandsocialnodesuntiedbeforethe IoTideabeingwidelyaccepted.Centralissues are making a full interoperabilityof such devices possible, enablingtheir adaptation and autonomousbehavior, as well as guaranteeingtrust, privacy,and security. Also, the IoT idea poses several new problemsconcerningthe networkingaspects. In fact, the things composing the IoT will be characterized by low resources in terms of both computation and energy capacity. Accordingly, the proposed solutions need to payspecial attentionto resourceef ciencybesides the obviousscalability problems. The papers included in this volume present a picture of the current state of the art on the above issues; more speci cally, concepts and ideas are discussed on n- working, middleware, security and privacy, RFID and sensor networks, as well as electromagnetic aspects. <s> BIB004 </s> Smart Solutions for RFID based Inventory Management Systems: A Survey <s>  <s> ASCIMER (Assessing Smart Cities in the Mediterranean Region) is a project developed by the Universidad Politecnica of Madrid (UPM) for the EIBURS call on “Smart City Development: Applying European and International Experience to the Mediterranean Region”. Nowadays, many initiatives aimed at analysing the conception process, deployment methods or outcomes of the — referred as — Smart City projects are being developed in multiple fields. Since its conception, the Smart City notion has evolved from the execution of specific projects to the implementation of global strategies to tackle wider city challenges. ASCIMER's project takes as a departure point that any kind of Smart City assessment should give response to the real challenges that cities of the 21st century are facing. It provides a comprehensive overview of the available possibilities and relates them to the specific city challenges. A selection of Smart City initiatives will be presented in order to establish relations between the identified city challenges and real Smart Projects designed to solve them. As a result of the project, a Projects Guide has been developed as a tool for the implementation of Smart City projects that efficiently respond to complex and diverse urban challenges without compromising their sustainable development and while improving the quality of life of their citizens. <s> BIB005 </s> Smart Solutions for RFID based Inventory Management Systems: A Survey <s>  <s> This paper provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) with emphasis on enabling technologies, protocols, and application issues. The IoT is enabled by the latest developments in RFID, smart sensors, communication technologies, and Internet protocols. The basic premise is to have smart sensors collaborate directly without human involvement to deliver a new class of applications. The current revolution in Internet, mobile, and machine-to-machine (M2M) technologies can be seen as the first phase of the IoT. In the coming years, the IoT is expected to bridge diverse technologies to enable new applications by connecting physical objects together in support of intelligent decision making. This paper starts by providing a horizontal overview of the IoT. Then, we give an overview of some technical details that pertain to the IoT enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. Compared to other survey papers in the field, our objective is to provide a more thorough summary of the most relevant protocols and application issues to enable researchers and application developers to get up to speed quickly on how the different protocols fit together to deliver desired functionalities without having to go through RFCs and the standards specifications. We also provide an overview of some of the key IoT challenges presented in the recent literature and provide a summary of related research work. Moreover, we explore the relation between the IoT and other emerging technologies including big data analytics and cloud and fog computing. We also present the need for better horizontal integration among IoT services. Finally, we present detailed service use-cases to illustrate how the different protocols presented in the paper fit together to deliver desired IoT services. <s> BIB006 </s> Smart Solutions for RFID based Inventory Management Systems: A Survey <s>  <s> It is observed that the number of service platform solutions in the context of Smart City and respective Smart Mobility is increasing. Such platforms enable the exchange of mobility data between interested parties. Some service platform solutions are developed as cloud applications or make use of the benefits which the cloud computing paradigm offers. However, appropriate or detailed analyses of such platforms against cloud computing characteristics have not been found in the literature. Such analyses are of importance for the design and development process of future service solutions as they point out critical aspects that have to be appropriately addressed, assessed and incorporated into a solution's architecture to actually benefit from cloud computing. We close this gap by contributing an analysis of our developed mobility service ecosystem, consisting of service marketplaces and an ecosystem manager in terms of cloud computing characteristics. We analyze the operational behavior of the mobility service ecosystem and its components and assign respective cloud computing patterns to make concepts and requirements explicit. This analysis supports architects of future mobility solutions to understand the operational obstacles of such an ecosystem, outlines critical requirements of each component and provides a common terminology that utilized information transparency and knowledge sharing. Thus, service provisioning solutions can improve their performance and quality when they consider cloud computing pattern in their design. <s> BIB007 </s> Smart Solutions for RFID based Inventory Management Systems: A Survey <s>  <s> Industrial systems always prefer to reduce their operational expenses. To support such reductions, they need solutions that are capable of providing stability, fault tolerance, and flexibility. One such solution for industrial systems is cyber physical system (CPS) integration with the Internet of Things (IoT) utilizing cloud computing services. These CPSs can be considered as smart industrial systems, with their most prevalent applications in smart transportation, smart grids, smart medical and eHealthcare systems, and many more. These industrial CPSs mostly utilize supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems to control and monitor their critical infrastructure (CI). For example, WebSCADA is an application used for smart medical technologies, making improved patient monitoring and more timely decisions possible. The focus of the study presented in this paper is to highlight the security challenges that the industrial SCADA systems face in an IoT-cloud environment. Classical SCADA systems are already lacking in proper security measures; however, with the integration of complex new architectures for the future Internet based on the concepts of IoT, cloud computing, mobile wireless sensor networks, and so on, there are large issues at stakes in the security and deployment of these classical systems. Therefore, the integration of these future Internet concepts needs more research effort. This paper, along with highlighting the security challenges of these CI’s, also provides the existing best practices and recommendations for improving and maintaining security. Finally, this paper briefly describes future research directions to secure these critical CPSs and help the research community in identifying the research gaps in this regard. <s> BIB008 </s> Smart Solutions for RFID based Inventory Management Systems: A Survey <s>  <s> Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the greatest technology revolutions in the history. Due to IoT potential, daily objects will be consciously worked in harmony with optimized performances. However, today, technology is not ready to fully bring its power to our daily life because of huge data analysis requirements in instant time. On the other hand, the powerful data management of cloud computing gives IoT an opportunity to make the revolution in our life. However, the traditional cloud computing server schedulers are not ready to provide services to IoT because IoT consists of a number of heterogeneous devices and applications which are far away from standardization. Therefore, to meet the expectations of users, the traditional cloud computing server schedulers should be improved to efficiently schedule and allocate IoT requests. There are several proposed scheduling algorithms for cloud computing in the literature. However, these scheduling algorithms are limited because of considering neither heterogeneous servers nor dynamic scheduling approach for different priority requests. Our objective is to propose dynamic dedicated server scheduling for heterogeneous and homogeneous systems to efficiently provide desired services by considering priorities of requests. Results show that the proposed scheduling algorithm improves throughput up to 40 % in heterogeneous and homogeneous cloud computing systems for IoT requests. Our proposed scheduling algorithm and related analysis will help cloud service providers build efficient server schedulers which are adaptable to homogeneous and heterogeneous environments by considering system performance metrics, such as drop rate, throughput, and utilization in IoT. <s> BIB009 </s> Smart Solutions for RFID based Inventory Management Systems: A Survey <s>  <s> The integration of the IoT and cloud technology is very important to have a better solution for an uninterrupted, secured, seamless, and ubiquitous framework. The complementary nature of the IoT and the could in terms of storage, processing, accessibility, security, service sharing, and components makes the convergence suitable for many applications. The advancement of mobile technologies adds a degree of flexibility to this solution. The health industry is one of the venues that can benefit from IoT–Cloud technology, because of the scarcity of specialized doctors and the physical movement restrictions of patients, among other factors. In this article, as a case study, we discuss the feasibility of and propose a solution for voice pathology monitoring of people using IoT–cloud. More specifically, a voice pathology detection system is proposed inside the monitoring framework using a local binary pattern on a Mel-spectrum representation of the voice signal, and an extreme learning machine classifier to detect the pathology. The proposed monitoring framework can achieve high accuracy of detection, and it is easy to use. <s> BIB010
1. Introduction. The recent civilization has forced a major expansion of cities around the world, which resulted in a continuous society and economic growth. This has driven the demand for mobility and automation of manual processes by users in order to make them smart, which will enhance the quality of life. Technology is being deployed in several infrastructures that are very complex and limited by its geographical location BIB007 . This resulted in several challenges in the design and implementation of devices to be used in such areas. Mobilizing infrastructure requires a high level of balance between applying service solutions in order to meet the imperative mobility demands and to avoid a future mobility collapse. As a result, mobility related data must be gathered in order to be used to facilitate the public transport use, control traffic, connect emergency services with other health and the executive authorities, facilitate library processes and many other purposes which are too many to be enumerated in this paper BIB007 BIB005 . The engine that provides an environment to exchange mobility data between services is Internet of Things (IoT). IoT can be simply defined in the scope of this article as a network that connects real-life objects into one network, using intelligent network devices, in order to exchange a specific set of information, to form an informational network that is integrated, based on standard communication protocols, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for instance. While there is no common definition for IoT, as it depends on the context of the application. In the context of this paper, it can be conceptually defined as a dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols. As physical and virtual "things" have identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities and are seamlessly integrated into the information network. It can be seen as a new paradigm that includes a wide range of new technologies  BIB004   BIB006 BIB008 . RFID is the most common underlying communication protocol that serves the IoT concept, by connecting everyday objects using an RFID network. RF Identification is an object identification mechanism in which wireless communication technology is used as a communication protocol, which uses Radio Frequency (RF) signal for the communication between the RFID antenna and the tag. The physical objects are made active 348 A. Alwadi, A. Gawanmeh, S. Parvin, J.N. Al-Karaki network components by attaching a network interface to these objects. Using these interfaces, services will be able to interact with these "smart things/objects" that will provide the necessary link via the internet, to query and change their state, and retrieve any information associated with them, taking into security and privacy issues which will be solved by introducing the appropriate algorithms BIB003 BIB001 BIB006 . In our daily life, retrieving information from the connected things in the network will result in a huge data, which will require instant processing and analysis. The revolution of cloud computing and IoT provides an opportunity to make technology touches unprecedented areas of our daily life. However, IoT consists of a number of heterogeneous devices and applications which their exchange information can differ in the format, size, and sometimes the protocol. That makes it hard for traditional cloud computing servers to recognize and process the exchanged information between the servers and the objects. Therefore, an improvement on the cloud computing servers is required to efficiently schedule and allocate IoT requests BIB009 . Cloud computing is a newly developed trend of the use of information technology (IT), which virtualizes the way computing resources are used and managed through new techniques. Cloud has shifted the IT industry to a new era with plenty of opportunities, induced a revolution in IT applications, and significantly influenced the way businesses use IT to create competitive advantaged. Commercially, the majority of the IT solutions providers recognize IT as a strategically crucial resource that contributed in the latest revolution, by bringing substantial benefits, such as cost saving, scalability, mobile storage, ease of access, better security, energy saving, and environment benefits   . Cloud computing is a shared IT infrastructure where computing resources are scattered but linked together through the internet into a large pool of computing resources. That could automatically adjust the allocation of computing resources as the need for computing service fluctuates, resulting in higher utilization and productivity   . Inventory management is a critical component of efficient supply chain management that is vital for success in a modern computing infrastructure. It is well-known that supply chain inventory management decisions depend on inventory data gathered from automated or manual control systems BIB002 . There are some complementary attributes between cloud computing and IoT. For instance, the centralized nature of cloud and the pervasive nature of IoT, the virtual nature of cloud supplements the real-world things in IoT, the ability to store a huge amount of information supplements the limited storage space for IoT BIB010 . In the next section, the concepts of IoT and Cloud will be briefly introduced, the relationship between them, and how IoT contributed in automating cloud based inventory management systems. In section 3, RFID Principles and Categories is explained. Section 4 explains possible middleware servers to run inventory management systems. And finally, conclusions and future work is explained in section 5.