Augmented-Reality Survey: from Concept to Application <s> AR categorization based on the tracking type <s> Although Augmented Reality technology was first developed over forty years ago, there has been little survey work giving an overview of recent research in the field. This paper reviews the ten-year development of the work presented at the ISMAR conference and its predecessors with a particular focus on tracking, interaction and display research. It provides a roadmap for future augmented reality research which will be of great value to this relatively young field, and also for helping researchers decide which topics should be explored when they are beginning their own studies in the area. <s> BIB001 </s> Augmented-Reality Survey: from Concept to Application <s> AR categorization based on the tracking type <s> This survey paper presents a classification of different challenges and tracking techniquesin the field of augmented reality. The challenges in augmented reality arecategorized into performance challenges, alignment challenges, interaction challenges,mobility/portability challenges and visualization challenges. Augmentedreality tracking techniques are mainly divided into sensor-based tracking, visionbasedtracking and hybrid tracking. The sensor-based tracking is further dividedinto optical tracking, magnetic tracking, acoustic tracking, inertial tracking or anycombination of these to form hybrid sensors tracking. Similarly, the vision-basedtracking is divided into marker-based tracking and markerless tracking. Eachtracking technique has its advantages and limitations. Hybrid tracking provides arobust and accurate tracking but it involves financial and tehnical difficulties. <s> BIB002 </s> Augmented-Reality Survey: from Concept to Application <s> AR categorization based on the tracking type <s> In the past two decades, augmented reality (AR) has received a growing amount of attention by researchers in the manufacturing technology community, because AR can be applied to address a wide range of problems throughout the assembly phase in the lifecycle of a product, e.g., planning, design, ergonomics assessment, operation guidance and training. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge, there has not been any comprehensive review of AR-based assembly systems. This paper aims to provide a concise overview of the technical features, characteristics and broad range of applications of AR-based assembly systems published between 1990 and 2015. Among these selected articles, two thirds of them were published between 2005 and 2015, and they are considered as recent pertinent works which will be discussed in detail. In addition, the current limitation factors and future trends in the development will also be discussed. <s> BIB003
Tracking is an important technology that plays a central role in AR experiences. This technology is repeatedly used for the localization of the position and the orientation of one or several real objects. In AR, the tracking technology is needed for the integration of virtual objects into the real world. Zhou et al. BIB001 , Rabbi et al. BIB002 , and Wang et al. BIB003 classified the AR-tracking technologies into sensor-based, vision-based, and hybrid approaches. Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the mobile AR process from the technologies to the applications; here, sensor-based tracking is used for the recent LBS (location-based service)-based mobile AR application. 