Towards searching as a learning process : A review of current perspectives and future directions <s> Providing an inquiry-based information literacy tool within a search system <s> The notion of scaffolding learners to help them succeed in solving problems otherwise too difficult for them is an important idea that has extended into the design of scaffolded software tools for learners. However, although there is a growing body of work on scaffolded tools, scaffold design, and the impact of scaffolding, the field has not yet converged on a common theoretical framework that defines rationales and approaches to guide the design of scaffolded tools. In this article, we present a scaffolding design framework addressing scaffolded software tools for science inquiry. Developed through iterative cycles of inductive and theory-based analysis, the framework synthesizes the work of prior design efforts, theoretical arguments, and empirical work in a set of guidelines that are organized around science inquiry practices and the challenges learners face in those practices. The framework can provide a basis for developing a theory of pedagogical support and a mechanism to describe successful scaffo... <s> BIB001 </s> Towards searching as a learning process : A review of current perspectives and future directions <s> Providing an inquiry-based information literacy tool within a search system <s> CONTENTS * Illustrations Preface Introduction * PART I: THEORY, RESEARCH, AND DESIGN FRAMEWORK Chapter 1: Guided Inquiry - What is it, Why Now, What's New? Chapter 2: Constructivist Approach to Learning Chapter 3: Third Space - Connecting to the Students' World Chapter 4: The Research Base - Information Search Process (ISP) Chapter 5: Guided Inquiry Design Framework * PART II: INFORMATION LITERACY: A CONCEPTS APPROACH Chapter 6: Information Literacy Chapter 7: Information Literacy Curriculum * PART III: TEACHING AND LEARNING Chapter 8: Resources for a Rich Learning Environment Chapter 9: The Guided Inquiry Team Chapter 10: Interventions Chapter 11: Assessing and Evaluating Chapter 12: Five Kinds of Learning Chapter 13: Meeting Content Standards Chapter 14: Assessment for Five Kinds of Learning Chapter 15: Getting Started and Sustaining Change * Appendix A: Progression and Development of Kuhlthau's Information Search Process 2000-2015 Appendix B: Progression and Development of Kuhlthau's Information Search Process 1985-1989 Appendix C: Progression and Development of Kuhlthau's Information Search Process 1990-1999 Appendix D: Study Guide and Journal References Index <s> BIB002 </s> Towards searching as a learning process : A review of current perspectives and future directions <s> Providing an inquiry-based information literacy tool within a search system <s> Online inquiry, use of the Web as an information resource to inquire into science, has become increasingly common in middle schools in recent years. However, prior research has found that middle school students tend to use the Web in a superficial manner. To address the challenges that students face in online inquiry, we designed the Digital IdeaKeeper, a scaffolded software tool to help students engage in online inquiry through support for inquiry planning, information search, analysis, and synthesis. This study examined the differences between regular and IdeaKeeper-supported online inquiry performed by 8 pairs of sixth graders in naturalistic classroom settings. Analysis of 80 screen videos of students' computer activities and conversations found that IdeaKeeper-supported online inquiry was more integrated, efficient, continuous, metacognitive, and focused. This study has important implications for designing online learning environments for middle school students. <s> BIB003 </s> Towards searching as a learning process : A review of current perspectives and future directions <s> Providing an inquiry-based information literacy tool within a search system <s> Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: Guided Inquiry Design: The Process, the Learning, and the Team Guided Inquiry Process Phases of the Guided Inquiry Process Guided Inquiry Sessions Five Kinds of Learning Organizing the Guided Inquiry Learning Team Resources for Guided Inquiry What's Next? The Research Chapter 2: The Research Behind the Design Inside the Inquiry Process: What the Information Search Process Tells Us About Guiding and Intervening Zone of Intervention in the Information Search Process Stages of the Information Search Process Third Space: Where the Student's World Meets the Curriculum What's Next? Inquiry Tools Chapter 3: Inquiry Tools: Strategies for Guided Inquiry The Six Cs Inquiry Tools: Implementing Strategies Inquiry Tools are Interdependent Inquiry Tools for Assessment and Evaluation Inquiry Tools: Across the Guided Inquiry Process What's Next? Open Chapter 4: Open: Invitation to inquiry, Open minds, Stimulate curiosity Open in Guided Inquiry Invite Learners In Establish an Inquiry Stance Engage the Community What is the Team Doing? What is the Learner Doing? Ideas for Open Sessions What's Next? Immerse Chapter 5: Immerse: Build background knowledge, Connect to content, Discover interesting ideas Immerse in Guided Inquiry Build Background Knowledge Connect to Content Discover Interesting Ideas What is the Team Doing? What is the Learner Doing? Ideas for Immerse Sessions What's Next? Exploring Chapter 6: Explore: Explore interesting ideas, Look around, Dip in Explore in Guided Inquiry Explore Interesting Ideas Look Around: Browsing a Variety of Sources Dip In: Relax, Read, and Reflect What is the Team Doing? What is the Learner Doing? Ideas for Explore Sessions What's Next? Identifying Chapter 7: Identify: Pause and ponder, Identify inquiry question, Decide direction Identify in Guided Inquiry Pause and Ponder Identify Meaningful Questions Decide on an Inquiry Question What is the Team Doing? What is the Learner Doing? Ideas for Identify Sessions What's Next? Gather Chapter 8: Gather: Gather important information, Go broad, Go deep Gather in Guided Inquiry Go Broad: A Comprehensive Search on Inquiry Question Go Deep: Learning from Information Within Sources Gathering Important Information Decide What is Enough What is the Team Doing? What is the Learner Doing? Ideas for Gather Sessions What's Next? Create Chapter 9: Create: Reflect on learning, Go beyond facts to make meaning, Create to communicate Create in Guided Inquiry Reflect on Learning Going Beyond Facts to Interpret and Extend Create to Communicate Finding Authentic Audiences What is the Team Doing? What is the Learner Doing? Ideas for Create Sessions What's Next? Sharing Chapter 10: Share: Learn from each other, Share learning, Tell your story Share in Guided Inquiry Learn from Each Other Share the Learning Tell Your Story What is the Team Doing? What is the Learner Doing? Ideas for Share Sessions What's Next? Evaluation Chapter 11: Evaluate: Evaluate achievement of learning goals, Reflect on content, Reflect on process Evaluate in Guided Inquiry Evaluate Achievement of Learning Goals Reflect on Content Reflect on Process What is the Team Doing? What is the Learner Doing? Ideas for Evaluate Sessions What's Next? Building Guided Inquiry Chapter 12: Building Guided Inquiry in Your School The Research: Follow-up Studies of the Information Search Process Building Guided Inquiry: Content and Process Culmination Conversations for Building Guided Inquiry Building Guided Inquiry as a Way of Learning Across the Grades Building a Collaborative School Culture Getting Started and Sustaining Change Building Guided Inquiry in Your School List of Resources References Index <s> BIB004
The third research direction is to develop a new kind of information literacy programme that integrates information literacy instructions into the design of a search system. To this end, we could consider developing a search system that employs a scaffolding-guided inquiry framework. Scaffolding refers to the practice of supporting learners by providing targeted assistance, either technical or social (through adults or capable peers), in order to help learners engage in tasks that are beyond their current level of proficiency BIB003 . This new information literacy tool could also use 'guided inquiry' BIB002 , which emphasizes open-ended questions that motivate students to take more active ownership of their own learning through exploratory research processes. The guided inquiry process has eight phases: open the inquiry; immerse in the experience; explore interesting ideas; identify the inquiry question; gather important information; create to communicate; share learning; and evaluate achievement of learning goals BIB004 . Through the inquiry process, students are actively engaged in the subject content, pursuing a range of specific questions and attaining a deeper and broader understanding of the content. Research questions to be asked towards this research direction include: (a) what features and functionality of the scaffolding-guided inquiry tool are effective at helping students to engage in active searching and sense-making; (b) to what extent do students learn more broadly by being actively engaged in the search process; and (c) to what extent do students develop critical learning skills through scaffolding-guided inquiry? This tool could also involve cognitive and metacognitive strategies to support students with various aspects of searching, such as helping students track their search progress with respect to their goals and helping them reflect on important aspects of their searching process by using tagging features. By incorporating the design approach developed in scaffolding-guided inquiry BIB001 , the purpose of developing an information literacy tool is not to improve students' searching skills but to improve their critical thinking skills.