Multicast Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Comparative Survey and Taxonomy <s> MAC Layer Multicasting (MACM). <s> Traditional wireless ad hoc medium access control (MAC) protocols often utilize control frames such as request-to-send (RTS), clear-to-send (CTS) and acknowledgement (ACK) to reliably deliver unicast data. However, little effort has been given to improve the reliable delivery of broadcast data. Often, broadcast data are transmitted blindly without any consideration of hidden terminals. In this paper, we proposed a novel MAC protocol, broadcast medium window (BMW) that reliably delivers broadcast data. <s> BIB001 </s> Multicast Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Comparative Survey and Taxonomy <s> MAC Layer Multicasting (MACM). <s> Multicast/broadcast is an important service primitive in networks. The IEEE 802.11 multicast/broadcast protocol is based on the basic access procedure of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA). This protocol does not provide any media access control (MAC) layer recovery on multicast/broadcast frames. As a result, the reliability of the multicast/broadcast service is reduced due to the increased probability of lost frames resulting from interference or collisions. In this paper, we propose a reliable Batch Mode Multicast MAC protocol, BMMM, which substentially reduces the number of contention phases, thus considerably reduces the time required for a multicast/broadcast. We then propose a Location Aware Multicast MAC protocol, LAMM, that uses station location information to further improve upon BMMM. Extensive analysis and simulation results validate the reliability and efficiency of our multicast MAC protocols. <s> BIB002 </s> Multicast Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Comparative Survey and Taxonomy <s> MAC Layer Multicasting (MACM). <s> In this paper, the interaction of the Medium Access Control (MAC) and routing layer is used to address the congestion control multicast routing problem in wireless ad hoc networks. We first introduce the Broadcast Medium Window (BMW) MAC protocol, which provides robust delivery to broadcast packets at the MAC layer. In doing so, we show that although BMW is able to provide high reliability under low to medium network load, reliability dramatically degrades under high network load. We then extend the wireless On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) to facilitate congestion control in ad hoc networks using BMW to combat the poor performance under highly congested network conditions. Through simulation, we show that ODMRP with congestion control adapts well to multicast sources that are aggressive in data transmissions. <s> BIB003 </s> Multicast Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Comparative Survey and Taxonomy <s> MAC Layer Multicasting (MACM). <s> This work presents a new MAC protocol called RMAC that supports reliable multicast for wireless ad hoc networks. By utilizing the busy tone mechanism to realize multicast reliability, RMAC has the following three novelties: (1) it uses a variable-length control frame to stipulate an order for the receivers to respond, such that the problem of feedback collision is solved; (2) it extends the traditional usage of busy tone for preventing data frame collisions into the multicast scenario; and (3) it introduces a new usage of busy tone for acknowledging data frames. In addition, we also generalize RMAC into a comprehensive MAC protocol that provides both reliable and unreliable services for all the three modes of communications: unicast, multicast, and broadcast. Our evaluation shows that RMAC achieves high reliability with very limited overhead. We also compare RMAC with other reliable multicast MAC protocols, showing that RMAC not only provides higher reliability but also involves lower cost. <s> BIB004 </s> Multicast Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Comparative Survey and Taxonomy <s> MAC Layer Multicasting (MACM). <s> In IEEE 802.11 based mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) multicast packets are generally forwarded as one hop broadcast; mainly to reach all the multicast members in the neighborhood in a single transmission. Because of the broadcast property of the forwarding, packets suffer from increased instances of the hidden terminal problem. Mobility of nodes makes things more difficult, and unlike unicast transmissions where MAC can detect the movement of a nexthop by making several retries, it is not possible in case of multicast forwarding. To address these issues, we propose a multicast aware MAC protocol (MMP) for MANET. The basic objective of MMP is to provide a MAC layer support for multicast traffic. This is done by attaching an extended multicast header (EMH) by the multicast agent, which provides the address of the nexthop nodes that are supposed to receive the multicast packet. The MAC layer in MMP uses the EMH field to support an ACK based data delivery. After sending the data packet, the transmitter waits for the ACK from each of its destinations in a strictly sequential order. A retransmission of the multicast packet is performed only if the ACK from any of the nodes in EMH is missing. We compare MMP with IEEE 802.11 and results show that MMP substantially improves the performance of multicast packet delivery in MANET without creating much MAC overhead. In addition, MMP provides a better mechanism to detect the movement of its nexthop members. <s> BIB005 </s> Multicast Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Comparative Survey and Taxonomy <s> MAC Layer Multicasting (MACM). <s> Many applications in wireless ad-hoc networks require multicast communication. In order to provide efficient multicast, various multicast routing protocols have been designed in recent years to facilitate formation of routes between multicast senders and receivers. There has also been some work to develop a suitable MAC protocol to improve efficiency of multicast communication. In this work we explore some approaches for reliable multicast at the MAC layer. We develop a multicast extension of IEEE 802.11 protocol and evaluate its performance. We have implemented our protocol in the popular ns-2 simulator and have performed experiments with multicast routing protocol.1. Our approach demonstrates superior performance in terms of packet deliveryfraction as well as delay compared to the IEEE 802.11 protocol. <s> BIB006
Several schemes have been proposed to provide MAC layer support for multicast communication. These schemes are aimed at providing reliable and efficient multicast at the MAC layer BIB006 BIB002 BIB001 BIB004 BIB005 BIB003 .