A Survey of Dynamic Software Metrics <s> EOC and IOC Metrics <s> Abstract The "architecture" of a software system refers to its highest-level modular decomposition and the interrelationship patterns between its modules. An architecture serves as a blueprint for implementation and also as the chief determinant of a system's ability evolve. Consequently, there is an increased interest in methods for specifying and validating software architectures. One such method is based on the ROOM mode ling language which combines the object paradigm with mode ling abstractions devised specifically for distributed real-time software. To overcome the treacherous "architectural decay" phenomenon, whereby, over time, software diverges increasingly from its specification, ROOM formally constrains the implementation to its architectural specification. This is achieved primarily through full automated code generation, a technique that is panicularly challenging in real-time applications where stringent performance and memory requirements are the norm. <s> BIB001 </s> A Survey of Dynamic Software Metrics <s> EOC and IOC Metrics <s> As object-oriented (OO) analysis and design techniques become more widely used, the demand on assessing the quality of OO designs increases substantially. Recently, there has been much research effort devoted to developing and empirically validating metrics for OO design quality. Complexity, coupling, and cohesion have received a considerable interest in the field. Despite the rich body of research and practice in developing design quality metrics, there has been less emphasis on dynamic metrics for OO designs. The complex dynamic behavior of many real-time applications motivates a shift in interest from traditional static metrics to dynamic metrics. This paper addresses the problem of measuring the quality of OO designs using dynamic metrics. We present a metrics suite to measure the quality of designs at an early development phase. The suite consists of metrics for dynamic complexity and object coupling based on execution scenarios. The proposed measures are obtained from executable design models. We apply the dynamic metrics to assess the quality of a pacemaker application. Results from the case study are used to compare static metrics to the proposed dynamic metrics and hence identify the need for empirical studies to explore the dependency of design quality on each. <s> BIB002 </s> A Survey of Dynamic Software Metrics <s> EOC and IOC Metrics <s> A charge coupled device (CCD) wherein clocking or charge transfer at relatively high frequencies is obtained by the use of a slow-wave structure in the form of a metallized meander line fabricated on a relatively thin region of silicon dioxide contiguously formed on the surface of a silicon semiconductor substrate. <s> BIB003
Yacoub et al. BIB002 propose object level dynamic coupling measures, Export Object Coupling (EOC) and Import Object Coupling (IOC) based on executable object-oriented design models and these models are generated using Real-Time Object Oriented Modelling (ROOM) language BIB001 . The design models used to collect the coupling measures are a kind of sequence diagrams BIB003 that allow execution simulation. The EOC or IOC count the number of messages sent between two distinct objects o i and o j in a given ROOM sequence diagram x (in opposite directions), divided by the total number of messages exchanged in x. Thus, the result of each metric is the percentage that reflects the "intensity" of interactions between two objects in a particular direction relative to the total number of object interaction in x. These metrics are defined within a scenario scope, i.e., measurements are calculated for parts of the design model that are activated during the execution of a specific scenario triggered by an input stimulus. Then, these metrics can be extended to have an application scope, i.e., for all scenarios. These metrics are presented in Table 2 