Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> 4) RQ4: <s> This paper addresses the role of case-based reasoning in semantic search, and in particular, as it applies to Knowledge Sifter, an agent-based ontology-driven search system based on Web services. The Knowledge Sifter architecture is extended to include a case-based methodology for collaborative semantic search, including case creation, indexing and retrieval services. A collaborative filtering methodology is presented that uses stored cases as a way to improve user query specification, refinement and processing. <s> BIB001 </s> Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> 4) RQ4: <s> A fundamental principle for reusing software assets is providing means to access them. Information retrieval mechanisms assisted by semantic initiatives, play a very important role in finding relevant reusable assets. In this context, this paper presents a semantic search tool in order to improve the precision of search returns. Furthermore, the requirements, the decomposition of architectural module and aspects of implementation are presented. <s> BIB002 </s> Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> 4) RQ4: <s> Digital ecosystem (DE) is comprised of heterogeneous and distributed species which can play the dual role of service provider and service requester. Nowadays, DE lacks semantic search support, which means it cannot provide a reliable and trustworthy link between service providers and service requesters. To solve this issue, we design a conceptual framework of a service-ontology-based semantic service search engine. Apart from the function of service search with a novel search model, this framework also provides a quality-of-services-based service evaluation and ranking methodology. To evaluate the feasibility of our framework, we implement a prototype in the transport service domain, and compare the performance of the search model with three traditional information retrieval models. The conclusion to this evaluation and suggestions for future works are provided in the final section. <s> BIB003 </s> Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> 4) RQ4: <s> The amount of information on health subjects on the Web and users' interest in having efficient access to it continues to increase. This information can also be very useful for professionals, researchers and students in this field. But the usual word-based search does not allow full exploration of the information, pointing to the need for more semantic approaches. Aiming to contribute to providing a semantic search for information on Health, available using written Portuguese, the article presents enhanced search platform architecture based on the enterprise search platform (FAST), providing a processing pipeline capable of exploring annotation of entities and relations defined in a domain. A modular architecture was defined in which an ontology-based knowledge base has an essential role. As it is essential to make the user task as simple as possible, the platform also includes ontology navigation in the classes and relations of the entity to guide queries; use of the most frequent domain classes in the documents relating to a search to provide additional ways of navigation; and inclusion in the score of the ontology-guided annotations. As a first proof of concept, the architecture was instantiated in a specific domain, neurological diseases, for which an ontology was created. <s> BIB004 </s> Research on proposals and trends in the architectures of semantic search engines: A systematic literature review <s> 4) RQ4: <s> Information retrieval system is taking an important role in current search engine which performs searching operation based on keywords which results in enormous amount of data available to the user, from which user cannot figure out the essential and most important information. This limitation may be overcome by a new web architecture known as semantic web which overcome the limitation of keyword based search technique called conceptual or semantic search technique. Natural language processing technique is mostly implemented in QA system for asking user's question and several steps are also followed for conversion of questions to query form for getting an exact answer. In conceptual search, search engine interprets the meaning of user's query and the relation among the concepts that documents contains with respect to a particular domain that produces specific answers instead of giving list of answers. In this paper, we proposed ontology based semantic information retrieval system and Jena semantic web framework in which, user enters an input query which is parsed by Standford Parser then triplet extraction algorithm is used. To all input query, SPARQL query is formed and then it is fired on the knowledge base (Ontology) that finds appropriate RDF triples in knowledge base and retrieve the relevant information using Jena framework. <s> BIB005
The role of ontologies in the architecture of a semantic search engine: The aim of this research question is to identify what role ontologies play within the architecture of a semantic search engine. As it was seen in RQ1 and RQ3, ontologies have a strong presence in the proposed architectures. With this research question, what is sought is to unveil the functionalities ontologies perform. For this question, two fields were proposed in order to retrieve the data from the studies: a Ontologies used: this field aims to identify what kind of ontologies are proposed in the study. b Ontology role: this field aims to get any description of the role that the ontologies perform within the proposed architecture. There are 7 studies found to answer this question. The ontologies used and the ontology roles identified are as follows: a Domain ontologies are mostly used, which seems to be a pattern across architectures. That is an expected scenario because a domain ontology can give specialized results and further customization, satisfying users' need in a better way. Even those that make use of general purpose ontologies (e.g. WordNet), as mentioned by Kerschberg et al. BIB001 , at the end they resort to use domain ontologies in order to represent better user concepts, or to represent several domains within the same engine, as mentioned by  . b Ontology roles are diverse, but most of the selected architecture use them as a way to classify and express relationships among key concepts -that is the case of BIB003 , BIB004 , BIB001 and  . Two cases are special: in BIB002 , Durão et al. mention that the domain ontology is used for reasoning processing, in order to identify relevant source code documents and suggest related terms to improve future user queries. In BIB005 , although it is not further discussed, Jamgade and Karale mention that the domain ontology is used for building ontotriples (or ontology triples), a way to express concepts by a subject, a property and an object  . These ontotriples are then used for queried the knowledge base to retrieve the relevant documents.