Web Services Composition Methods and Techniques: A Review <s> 2.B: Semantic Web Architecture <s> The Semantic Web proposes the mark-up of content on the Web using formal ontologies that structure underlying data for the purpose of comprehensive and transportable machine understanding. Semantic Web Services: Theory, Tools and Applications brings contributions from researchers, scientists from both industry and academia, and representatives from different communities to study, understand, and explore the theory, tools, and applications of the semantic Web. Semantic Web Services: Theory, Tools and Applications binds computing involving the Semantic Web, ontologies, knowledge management, Web services, and Web processes into one fully comprehensive resource, serving as the platform for exchange of both practical technologies and far reaching research. <s> BIB001 </s> Web Services Composition Methods and Techniques: A Review <s> 2.B: Semantic Web Architecture <s> Web services are important for creating distributed applications on the Web. In fact, they're a key enabler for service-oriented architectures that focus on service reuse and interoperability. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has recently finished work on two important standards for describing Web services the Web Services Description Language (WSDL) 2.0 and Semantic Annotations for WSDL and XML Schema (SAWSDL). Here, the authors discuss the latter, which is the first standard for adding semantics to Web service descriptions. <s> BIB002 </s> Web Services Composition Methods and Techniques: A Review <s> 2.B: Semantic Web Architecture <s> As web services proliferate, finding a service that can perform a given request becomes more difficult. In some cases, a composition of several services may be required. In semantic web service composition, a repository of services is given in which input and output parameters of each service are annotated with a concept from ontology. Given request is defined by a set of known input concepts and a set of wanted output concepts. Semantic composer should find a sequence of services, called composition that satisfies the wanted output concept. In this paper, a semantic composer based on ant colony optimization method is proposed. This semantic composer is tested using the challenge set of Web Service Challenges (WSC) 2008. The proposed composer can find optimal composition length in each challenge set in a reasonable time. The result of the suggested composition has been compared with the best result reported in WSC 2008 and in most cases; it performs similar or better results than the other systems. <s> BIB003
The Semantic Web identifies a set of technologies, tools and standards that support the vision of the web associated with meaning form the basic building blocks of an infrastructure. It provides a process level description for the web service that in addition to functional information have models the preconditions and post conditions of the process that can be inferred the evolution of the domain logically. The Semantic Web architecture is composed of a series of standards organized into a certain structure that is an expression of their interrelationships BIB001  .The Semantic Web enables machines for interpreting, combining and using from data on the Web. The basis the Semantic Web is computer-understandable descriptions of resources and is used to adding semantics to Web service technology (e.g. OWL-S, WSDL-S or WSMO etc.). To make sense of all data and services, semantic web is made on the foundations of logic and knowledge representation to help computers for finding the right information BIB002 and also introduces framework for semantic description of web services and related aspects BIB003 . Semantic web services are software components that provide dynamic service discovery, composition and invocation of web services and facilitate automated handling of web services for the users. Semantic web and web services are synergistic: the semantic web transforms web into a repository of computer readable data, while web services provide tools for the automatic using of that data. Thus, concept of Semantic Web Service (SWS) has been established  [13].