Augmented-Reality Survey: from Concept to Application <s> Entertainment & Commerce <s> Though we had our share of problems developing and deploying this puck-tracking system, it proved to be an overall success. It resulted in one patent (for the puck) and five patents pending for the system as a whole. Also, Fox Sports' NHL coverage enjoys significantly higher ratings-in large part, we think, because of the tracking system. While we certainly had moments of doubt, the Puck Truck proved successful at every event it attended. It's true that some fans don't care for the effect, but many think it's an improvement. Over the last year we've been working to improve the system so that it will track the puck more accurately. Additional improvements that may show up this season should make the system more palatable to all fans. <s> BIB001 </s> Augmented-Reality Survey: from Concept to Application <s> Entertainment & Commerce <s> A variety of real time visual effects were developed for the band Duran Duran's December 2000 "Pop Trash", live concert tour. The ARtoolkit was utilized extensively to prototype and demonstrate many of these effect sequences. <s> BIB002
AR was first introduced in the TV industry through the weather forecast for which 3D graphical symbols and weather charts were used. Since then, the FoxTrax system BIB001 is applied to highlight the location of the hockey puck, which is difficult to see because it moves extremely fast, while the ball trajectory for golf and the first-down line for football  are now highlighted in the playing-field view. AR systems are applied to concerts and cinema to provide an AR effect for which 3D virtual objects are convincingly mixed with the real-world view BIB002 . AR technology also expands gaming environments into the real world. Recently, AR-based games have been implemented with smartphones, with the "Pokémon GO" [98] game, which is developed by Niantic in collaboration with Nintendo, serving as a prime example due to its enormous success around the world. The functionality of "Pokémon GO" is reliant on GPS technology for the tracking of the user location, and the user is required catch Pokémon characters in real-world locations in competition with the other players. "Real Strike" is a 3D, AR-based, first-person shooting-gun game that is developed by Yii International, wherein a military base with a variety of sensitive support weapons is represented in the player's real-world surroundings. AR has become one of the significant advertising trends in terms of commerce. AR is applied to the 2D or 3D TV-commercial advertisements during sports games such as football, baseball, or soccer with the incorporation of the playing field. AR is used enhance the previews of virtually-created 3D products, whereby an interactive manipulation of the view points is allowed for unopened products; that is, AR technology allows consumers to trial real-life products like furniture and clothing, thereby bridging the gap between the virtual and real worlds. To overcome the problem of the furniture returns that are due to the purchase of a piece that is incorrectly sized for the intended location, IKEA introduced an AR-based smartphone-catalog application whereby the users can try out the selected products in their homes first with the use of 3D virtual furniture. EZface Inc. [99] introduced a virtual-testing platform so that the users can try on a variety of its makeup products, to check what they would look like, without having to actually use the products. To promote the film release of Into the Storm, AR technology was used to bring the storm to the streets of the city of Sydney; here, a panel that looks like a window was used so that pedestrians could watch a virtual storm that was filled with the striking of lightning on the local buildings and realistic street furniture. Starbucks also released the AR-based smartphone application Starbucks Cup Magic [100] for the Christmas-holiday season whereby its customers could animate the coffee cup for an advertisement. For the operation of the Cup Magic application, the user points his/her phone camera at the red Starbucks holiday-season coffee cups to produce interactive animations that feature a number of characters. Fig. 3 shows snapshots of Pokémon GO, Starbucks Cup Magic, and the Into the Storm promotional film. 