Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> Introduction <s> This whitepaper proposes OpenFlow: a way for researchers to run experimental protocols in the networks they use every day. OpenFlow is based on an Ethernet switch, with an internal flow-table, and a standardized interface to add and remove flow entries. Our goal is to encourage networking vendors to add OpenFlow to their switch products for deployment in college campus backbones and wiring closets. We believe that OpenFlow is a pragmatic compromise: on one hand, it allows researchers to run experiments on heterogeneous switches in a uniform way at line-rate and with high port-density; while on the other hand, vendors do not need to expose the internal workings of their switches. In addition to allowing researchers to evaluate their ideas in real-world traffic settings, OpenFlow could serve as a useful campus component in proposed large-scale testbeds like GENI. Two buildings at Stanford University will soon run OpenFlow networks, using commercial Ethernet switches and routers. We will work to encourage deployment at other schools; and We encourage you to consider deploying OpenFlow in your university network too <s> BIB001 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> Introduction <s> A mobility-enabled architecture is usually required to facilitate the access of enterprise systems from mobile devices. Typically, mobility enabled architectures are separated in online architectures and offline architectures. The online architectures enable mobile clients to use the online model in which mobile clients access business logic and data located on backend systems using remote invocations. The offline architectures enable mobile clients to use the offline model in which mobile clients access business data locally on devices, and periodically synchronize data with backend systems. The selection of the architecture is based on the needs of the scenarios in accordance with the user requirements. For an enterprise system, there is usually more than one mobile scenario, and hence both online and offline architectures might be required. In this case, the discrepancies between the two architectures will increase the cost and decrease the interoperability between different solutions. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes an innovative and lexible mobility enabled architecture that can be configured to be an online, an offline, or a mixed architecture in a unified framework. Using this architecture, different types (online, offline, or mixed) of mobile client applications could be built for different scenarios according to the user requirements. These applications can share the same mid-tier framework and access the same backend systems. Moreover, in this architecture, a unified access model to business logic is proposed to make it possible to adapt in time a mobile application from the online model to the offline model without architectural changes and vice versa. This paper introduces the basic requirements to build such an architecture, defines basic modules of the architecture and shows how to adapt this architecture to different (online, offline, or mixed) architectures using different configurations. <s> BIB002 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> Introduction <s> With the development of cloud computing, many critical applications have been supported to provide many key services in the cloud computing. So the availability of cloud computing services turns to be higher and higher. Because resources of cloud computing are distributed, dynamic and heterogeneous, traditional research on availability cannot be good to adapt to the cloud computing new features. This paper does research on QoS-oriented cloud computing resources availability. First, a monitoring model of cloud computing resources availability is created. Then, according to the dynamic process of the cloud computing service, the availability of cloud computing resources is analyzed from QoS of a single cloud resource node which is described by common attribution and special attribution to QoS of some cloud resources which are connected by series model, parallel model and mix model to provide service. According to the three models and the analysis of the single cloud service resource, the availability of cloud computing service is monitored. <s> BIB003 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> Introduction <s> This paper summarizes the main initiatives toward 5G wireless communication networks. Emphasis is paid on the program and project activities as well as on the recent literature. A closer look to a wide range of European Union 5G related projects is conducted. Literature review is restricted to recent thematic IEEE CommunicationsMagazine 5G issues and relevant white papers from different sources. The aim is to shed some light on what 5G is about: what are the building blocks of core 5G system concept, what are the main challenges and how to tackle them. The studied references indicate that in addition to capacity boosting technologies 5G needs to offer, e.g., low latency, ultra-reliable communications, and massive connectivity. Thus, the most demanding part in 5G development will be the design of flexible enough system concept platform that allows successful integration and management of various distinct technologies optimized for diverse use cases. <s> BIB004 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> Introduction <s> Software-defined network (SDN) has become one of the most important architectures for the management of largescale complex networks, which may require repolicing or reconfigurations from time to time. SDN achieves easy repolicing by decoupling the control plane from data plane. Thus, the network routers/switches just simply forward packets by following the flow table rules set by the control plane. Currently, OpenFlow is the most popular SDN protocol/standard and has a set of design specifications. Although SDN/OpenFlow is a relatively new area, it has attracted much attention from both academia and industry. In this paper, we will conduct a comprehensive survey of the important topics in SDN/OpenFlow implementation, including the basic concept, applications, language abstraction, controller, virtualization, quality of service, security, and its integration with wireless and optical networks. We will compare the pros and cons of different schemes and discuss the future research trends in this exciting area. This survey can help both industry and academia R&D people to understand the latest progress of SDN/OpenFlow designs. <s> BIB005 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> Introduction <s> Future 5G mobile network architecture is expected to offer capacities to accommodate the inexorable rise in mobile data traffic and to meet further stringent latency and reliability requirements to support diverse high data rate applications and services. Mobile cloud computing (MCC) in 5G has emerged as a key paradigm, promising to augment the capability of mobile devices through provisioning of computational resources on demand, and enabling resource-constrained mobile devices to offload their processing and storage requirements to the cloud infrastructure. Follow-me cloud (FMC), in turn, has emerged as a concept that allows seamless migration of services according to the corresponding users mobility. Meanwhile, software-defined networking (SDN) is a new paradigm that permits the decoupling of the control and data planes of traditional networks and provides programmability and flexibility, allowing the network to dynamically adapt to change traffic patterns and user demands. While the SDN implementations are gaining momentum, the control plane is still suffering from scalability and performance concerns for a very large network. In this paper, we address these scalability and performance issues in the context of 5G mobile networks by introducing a novel SDN/OpenFlow-based architecture and control plane framework tailored for MCC-based systems and more specifically for FMC-based systems where mobile nodes and network services are subject to constraints of movements and migrations. Contrary to a centralized approach with a single SDN controller, our approach permits the distribution of the SDN/OpenFlow control plane on a two-level hierarchical architecture: a first level with a Global FMC Controller (G-FMCC), and a second level with several Local FMC Controllers (L-FMCCs). Thanks to our control plane framework and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) concept, the L-FMCCs are deployed on-demand, where and when needed, depending on the global system load. Results obtained via analysis show that our solution ensures more efficient management of control plane, performance maintaining, and network resources preservation. <s> BIB006
Mobile communication and wireless networks have advanced phenomenally during the last decade. The ever-growing increase in the demand for resources, especially for multimedia data, with high quality of service (QoS) requirements, has promoted the development of 3G and 4G wireless networks. Nevertheless, the achievements of the development in technology cannot fulfill the proper satisfaction. Therefore, the idea of 5G networks that represent networks beyond 4G has become the need of the hour. 5G networks have come into existence owing to the numerous challenges facing 4G networks, such as need for higher data rate and capacity, lower cost, lower end-to-end latency, and massive interdevice connectivity. However, a comprehensive analysis of future networks or next generation networks of information systems that discusses in related forums and standardization is really challenging. The enabling technologies for next generation mobile systems and networking have been surveyed in this paper, which provides readers a clear vision of the current status. The planning for future network architecture seems to be the definition of Next Generation Networks (NGN). NGN, a great issue for the internet protocol-(IP-) based future of mobile network infrastructure, is considered as a convergence of communication networks which tries to reduce cost and offers integrated services via a core backbone network.reduction, possibility of fast and new service deployment, controllable QoS, compatibility between fixed and wireless networks, network management centralization, and so on. Existing network services based multimedia application such as voice, data, and video transmission at high speeds will be offered as an important outcome of NGN deployment for the fixed and mobile service integration topology. Furthermore, NGN provides low-cost service at high data rates. The concept of the future network can also be the fifthgeneration mobile system, 5G. Over the course of the long history of mobile communication systems from the first generation to 4G LTE-A (Long Term Evolution Advanced), the mobile communications industry has achieved enormous advances in data communication. The next generation can be a revolution in mobile networks that will achieve the best performance in terms of coverage capability, energy consumption, data speeds of 1 Gbps, and better security and energy efficiency over spectral compared to previous networking systems. However, the next generation wireless communication network has not been defined and characterized exactly. Research on 5G has been initiated by many projects, organizations, and standardization forums. Such research on 5G might be directed by the limitations of current technologies. The key requirements of 5G are real wireless communication with no limitation of coverage edge, access policy, and density zone. Secondly, the network should be able to support high-resolution multimedia (HD) broadcasting service. Thirdly, it should have faster data speeds than the previous generations. Finally, it should support new services based on wearable devices. In addition, the NGN is expected to have massive interdevice connections, which can be termed as Connection of Things. The research on 5G is different from that on previous-generation networks because of the limitations of resources in the RF band. The 5G wireless network will mainly focus on new spectrum, multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) diversity, transmission access, and new architecture for capacity and connection time BIB004 . It is a very challenging issue to meet the QoS requirement at a selection service for any network architecture. The convergence of networking and cloud computing are under the consideration in NGNs to cope with the QoS demand. The controllability, management, and optimization of computing resources are the main factors affecting networking performance in the case of cloud computing. One of the advantages of cloud computing is that it is encapsulation-free, which means that users can access services from any location irrespective of host or end device. User can use services without understanding how they operate or deliver data. However, large numbers of vendors are getting interested in information support, storage, and resource computation using cloudhosting services. With traditional web technology-based services, the relative positions of client and server strongly affect the system QoS and the quality of experience (QoE) BIB003 . Therefore, future-generation wireless networks are faced with multiple emerging challenges. The Internet of things (IoT) has emerged as one of the leading technologies for futuregeneration technologies because it is based on the concept of device interconnection, which can be a step toward achieving the QoS and QoE requirements. It is a conceptualization of a cyber-physical system (CPS), a way for using embedded technologies in the future-generation network. Physical systems are unified with the networking and computation system. The scalability of the future-generation network depends on the IoT system because it is a method of assisting connections among a large number of devices in a whole system. IoT has evolved as a system of uninterrupted communication between any device with another device at any place and time. However, the IoT architecture has come under question lately because it is very difficult to support all devices in an inflexible architecture with the traditional networking system. Consequently, several organizations, companies, and committees are working on the standardization issues of IoT to create a unique platform for future-generation networks. The development of networking depends on the flexibility and mobility of users, and server visualization, which plays an important role in responding effectively and in a timely manner to the dynamic requirements of applications or users. The traditional network infrastructure is continuously becoming obsolete because of the lack of these features. Moreover, manual changes in network configurations increase the complexity of network management, making it nearly impossible at times. The existing infrastructure cannot support prioritybased packet-forwarding or dynamic resource allocation to users. Hence, network management, at its root level, has become a challenging issue owing to the limitations of traditional hardware-based networking, such as complex and costly network configuration, and lack of policy changes and fault management. As networking technologies evolve, the network should be able to support the ever-changing networking functionalities of future network infrastructure, such as integration with new services, dynamic network control, better QoS, and efficient packet-forwarding. However, traditional networks cannot support the ever-changing demand of networking technologies. Therefore, softwaredefined networking (SDN), an emerging technology, can be employed to overcome the limitations of the current networks with the separation of network control from the underlying data planes or switching devices. By breaking the virtual integration between the data plane and the control plane and by using a centralized SDN controller, SDN provides flexibility in changing network policies, easy hardware implementation, and facilitates network innovation and evolution BIB006 BIB002 . By integrating SDN with network function virtualization (NFV), one can gain a global view of the entire network by using an open interface such as OpenFlow and the centralized network controller. SDN can support new services and programs at any level of user requirement or need. Furthermore, SDN has attracted considerable interest from both academia and industry over the past few years. It is, after all, an important step in the evolution and development of future network infrastructures. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the ongoing research on the enabling technologies for the 5G network. We present the status of work on the important technologies and service models for the next generation of mobile systems and networks. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. A new model for network control, SDN, and NFV is described in Section 2, while Section 3 presents a According to this definition, SDN has the following characteristics: (i) it decouples network control from the underlying data plane (i.e., switches and routers); (ii) it allows the control plane to be programmed directly through an open interface, for instance, OpenFlow BIB001 BIB005 ; and (iii) it uses a network controller, (i.e., SDN controller) to define the behavior and operation of the networking infrastructure. SDN can be an ideal prospective for the high-bandwidth, dynamic nature of network management. SDN provides the flexibility to change the network configuration at the software level, thus reducing the necessity of modification at the hardware level. SDN makes it easier to introduce and deploy new applications and services than the traditional hardwareoperated networking architectures. It also ensures the QoS at any level of user requirement. Consequently, it will be an attracting architecture from the viewpoint of reconfiguring and redirecting complex networks for real-time management.