A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> After a decade of extensive research on application-specific wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the recent development of information and communication technologies make it practical to realize new WSNs paradigm known as software-defined sensor networks (SDSNs). SDSNs are able to adapt to various application requirements and to fully explore the communication, computation and sensing resources of WSNs. Sensor nodes in SDSNs can be dynamically reprogrammed for different sensing tasks via the over-the-air-programming technique. In this paper, we introduce the concept of SDSNs and outline several pioneering related work and enabling technologies for the realization of SDSNs. <s> BIB001 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> There has been a decade of extensive research on application specific wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The recent development in communication network technologies makes it practical to realize a new WSN paradigm or controlling the control plane with the new group of by software defined networking (SDN) based on Open Flow. The Open Flow technology which is known for standardization and compatibility network Virtualization has brought a lot of innovative solutions in the field of research. In WSNs, sensor node are complex, highly dense and hence difficult to move. Network topology fast changes with time by using routing protocol, network topology, load balancing, power optimization, security and other factors. In this paper, the concept of SDN in WNS is introduced where Open Flow is the controller part of network. <s> BIB002 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> Body area networks (BANs) are emerging as enabling technology for many human-centered application domains such as health-care, sport, fitness, wellness, ergonomics, emergency, safety, security, and sociality. A BAN, which basically consists of wireless wearable sensor nodes usually coordinated by a static or mobile device, is mainly exploited to monitor single assisted livings. Data generated by a BAN can be processed in real-time by the BAN coordinator and/or transmitted to a server-side for online/offline processing and long-term storing. A network of BANs worn by a community of people produces large amount of contextual data that require a scalable and efficient approach for elaboration and storage. Cloud computing can provide a flexible storage and processing infrastructure to perform both online and offline analysis of body sensor data streams. In this paper, we motivate the introduction of Cloud-assisted BANs along with the main challenges that need to be addressed for their development and management. The current state-of-the-art is overviewed and framed according to the main requirements for effective Cloud-assisted BAN architectures. Finally, relevant open research issues in terms of efficiency, scalability, security, interoperability, prototyping, dynamic deployment and management, are discussed. <s> BIB003 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> Recent advances in the micro electromechanical systems technology MEMS, wireless communications and digital electronics allowed to create inexpensive, low-powered, multi-functional nodes. They are small and "talk" directly with each other. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is considered to be a distributed, self-organizing system of a large number of sensors and assistive devices that communicate with each other through the radio channel. Sensor networks are based on the joint work of a large number of tiny nodes that consist of data collection and processing modules and a transmitter or a transceiver. Such networks have significant advantages over the set of traditional sensors. The main problem in sensor networks is a short stint due to high power consumption and the incompatibility of various hardware. Because of the absence of a clear standardization in sensor networks, there are several different platforms. All platforms meet the essential basic requirements for sensor networks: low power consumption, long operating time, low-power transmitters and presence of sensors. Each platform is in its own interest substantiated and has its own peculiarities. They will transmit the observation data to the central nodes where data collection, storing, and processing will be performed. The main purpose is to enhance the security wireless sensor networks. <s> BIB004 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> After a decade of extensive research on application-specific wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the recent development of information and communication technologies makes it practical to realize the software-defined sensor networks (SDSNs), which are able to adapt to various application requirements and to fully explore the resources of WSNs. A sensor node in SDSN is able to conduct multiple tasks with different sensing targets simultaneously. A given sensing task usually involves multiple sensors to achieve a certain quality-of-sensing, e.g., coverage ratio. It is significant to design an energy-efficient sensor scheduling and management strategy with guaranteed quality-of-sensing for all tasks. To this end, three issues are investigated in this paper: 1) the subset of sensor nodes that shall be activated, i.e., sensor activation, 2) the task that each sensor node shall be assigned, i.e., task mapping, and 3) the sampling rate on a sensor for a target, i.e., sensing scheduling. They are jointly considered and formulated as a mixed-integer with quadratic constraints programming (MIQP) problem, which is then reformulated into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation with low computation complexity via linearization. To deal with dynamic events such as sensor node participation and departure, during SDSN operations, an efficient online algorithm using local optimization is developed. Simulation results show that our proposed online algorithm approaches the globally optimized network energy efficiency with much lower rescheduling time and control overhead. <s> BIB005 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> Wireless sensor and actor networks (WSAN) show broad prospect for future application in many fields such as industry and transportation. However, such issues as heterogeneity, mobility, energy consumption and topology pose challenges to efficient operation of WSAN. Software Defined Network (SDN) is a novel technique that is easy and effective to configure networks in a centralized and programmable pattern. This paper studies the model and method for applying SDN to WSAN with the objective of improving communication efficiency and expandability of WSAN. The detailed model includes a three-layer architecture with a new control plane, relevant system entities, and enhanced protocol stack for cooperative communication and task execution. Further, this paper explores the challenges and mechanisms for effective system management from such aspects as mobility, security, heterogeneity, topology construction and controlling SDN controller's load. Then, this paper demonstrates the model for resource allocation in tasks processing. At last, future trend and challenges of SDN in WSAN are proposed. <s> BIB006 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> As a promising platform for implementing various applications, a wireless sensor and actor network (WSAN) consists of many sensor and actor nodes that can cooperatively handle complex tasks. However, many issues, including nodes’ mobility, the heterogeneity of capacity, topology, and energy consumption, may bring severe challenges to efficient WSAN operation. Currently, the software defined network (SDN) appears as a novel approach that is effective to manage and optimize networks in a programmable and centralized pattern. This paper studies the application framework and relevant methods for applying the SDN approach in a WSAN, with the objective of improving network’s efficiency and scalability. The details of the framework include a three-layer structure, the relevant system entities, the enhanced protocol stack, and the programmable message types for cooperative communication and task execution among WSAN nodes. Based on this framework, this paper explores the relevant challenges and mechanisms for effective system management from many aspects, including mobility, energy saving, reliability maintenance, and topology construction. This paper also proposes an optimization method for scheduling decomposed tasks to relevant nodes, with an example implemented by the genetic algorithm. Next, this paper demonstrates the typical application scenarios, including military, industry, transportation, and environmental disaster monitoring. Moreover, an indoor application scenario and an outdoor application scenario are presented to demonstrate the application of the SDN-assisted communication handoff. Finally, the future trends and technical challenges for SDN in WSAN are discussed. <s> BIB007 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> This paper introduces novel mobile sensor networking architecture for a swarm of micro unmanned vehicles (MAVs) using software defined network (SDN) technology. The proposed architecture aims to enhance the performance of user/control plane data transmission between MAVs. SDN technique for mobile network is adopted to release the computation burden of MAV nodes and improve the wireless channel resource utilization by moving the complex network management operations to cloud-based SDN controller. <s> BIB008 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> Software-defined networking (SDN), is evolving as a new paradigm for the next generation of network architecture. The separation of control plane and data plane within SDN, brings the flexibility to manage, configure, secure, and optimize network resources using dynamic software programs. From a security point of view SDN has the ability to collect information from the network devices and allow applications to program the forwarding devices, which unleashes a powerful technology for proactive and smart security policy. These functions enable the integration of security tools that can be used in distributed scenarios, unlike the traditional security solutions based on a static firewall programmed by an administrator such as Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDS/IPS). This network programmability may be integrated to create a new communication platform for the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, we present our preliminary study that is focused on the understanding of an effective approach to build a cluster network using SDN. By using network virtualization and OpenFlow technologies to generate virtual nodes, we simulate a prototype system of over 500 devices controlled by SDN, and it represents a cluster. The results show that the network devices are only able to forward the packets by predefined rules on the controller. For this reason, we propose a method to control the IP header at the application-level to overcome this problem using Opflex within SDN architecture. <s> BIB009 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> Threat information exchange is a critical part of any security system. Decisions regarding security are taken with more confidence and with more results when the whole security context is known. The fog computing paradigm enhances the use cases of the already used cloud computing systems by bringing all the needed resources to the end-users towards the edge of the network. While fog decentralizes the cloud, it is very important to correlate security events which happen in branch offices around the globe for correct and timely decisions. In this article, we propose an infrastructure based on custom locally installed OSSEC agents which communicate with a central AlienVault deployment for event correlation. The agents are based on a neural network which takes actions based on risk assessment inspired by the human immune system. All of the threat information is defined by STIX expressions and a TAXII server can share this information with foreign organizations. The proposed implementation can successfully be implemented in an IoT scenario, with added security for the â€œbrownfiledâ€ devices. <s> BIB010 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> Managing the extremely large volume of information generated by Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, estimated to be in excess of 400 ZB per year by 2018, is going to be an increasingly relevant issue. Most of the approaches to IoT information management proposed so far, based on the collection of IoT-generated raw data for storage and processing in the Cloud, place a significant burden on both communications and computational resources, and introduce significant latency. IoT applications would instead benefit from new paradigms to enable definition and deployment of dynamic IoT services and facilitate their use of computational resources at the edge of the network for data analysis purposes, and from smart dissemination solutions to deliver the processed information to consumers. This paper presents SPF (as in “Sieve, Process, and Forward”), an SDN solution which extends the reference ONF architecture replacing the Data Plane with an Information Processing and Dissemination Plane. By leveraging programmable information processors deployed at the Internet/IoT edge and disruption tolerant information dissemination solutions, SPF allows to define and manage IoT applications and services and represents a promising architecture for future urban computing applications. <s> BIB011 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> Extension of network lifetime and reduction of latency are two of the most challenging topics in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This work presents a novel approach utilizing of Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) optimization. We explain how such an approach is made viable for WSNs via new wireless software defined network (WSDN) architectures and protocols. Our optimization procedure adapts to changing network conditions, particularly to uncertainties in energy consumption and link power requirements to allow for a settable trade off between WSN network latency and network lifetime. We furnish a performance evaluation of our algorithm at a particular setting against a fairly large collection of simulated sensor networks with random node placements. <s> BIB012 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming increasingly popular with the advent of the Internet of things (IoT). Various real-world applications of WSNs such as in smart grids, smart farming and smart health would require a potential deployment of thousands or maybe hundreds of thousands of sensor nodes/actuators. To ensure proper working order and network efficiency of such a network of sensor nodes, an effective WSN management system has to be integrated. However, the inherent challenges of WSNs such as sensor/actuator heterogeneity, application dependency and resource constraints have led to challenges in implementing effective traditional WSN management. This difficulty in management increases as the WSN becomes larger. Software Defined Networking (SDN) provides a promising solution in flexible management WSNs by allowing the separation of the control logic from the sensor nodes/actuators. The advantage with this SDN-based management in WSNs is that it enables centralized control of the entire WSN making it simpler to deploy network-wide management protocols and applications on demand. This paper highlights some of the recent work on traditional WSN management in brief and reviews SDN-based management techniques for WSNs in greater detail while drawing attention to the advantages that SDN brings to traditional WSN management. This paper also investigates open research challenges in coming up with mechanisms for flexible and easier SDN-based WSN configuration and management. <s> BIB013 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have rapidly progressed over the years, they are now applied in health care systems, home automation, security surveillance, disaster management and more. With this rapid growth in the number of users and applications leading to WSNs becoming increasingly complex, this growth makes high demands on WSNs to provide the requirements of every user and application that uses them. They have recently been envisioned to be integrated into Internet of Things (IoT), their role will be to provide sensing services to the ever increasing community of internet users. However even with so much potential, WSNs still experience issues in node deployment, fault tolerance, scalability and Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning amongst others. In this paper we propose to improve QoS provisioning by introducing Software Defined principles into WSN technologies. <s> BIB014 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> IETF impressively defined internet interoperation across 30 years of unforeseeable syntax API. IOT needs similar future proof, but for connected things' composable semantics, security, reliability and Quality of Service (QoS). This paper overviews these with simplifying tradeoffs from a bottom up approach using Data Distribution Service (DDS). Then high level semantic additions to DDS are suggested for semantics that are backward compatible, while maintaining the security, reliability and QoS of DDS. Finally, further work is suggested toward out-of-the-box composability and interoperability between common IoT data models and compliant solutions. <s> BIB015 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is widely used in IOT, military and environmental application. However, WSN is energy-constrained and the network nodes placed in hostile environment are hard to replace. Therefore, designing an energy-efficient routing algorithm is significant. Many solutions have been proposed to optimize energy consumption in conventional wireless sensor network, but they don't work well. Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network (SDWSN) which separates the control plane and forwarding plane of network layer is proposed recently to work out this difficulty. In this paper, we design an efficient energy routing algorithm based on SDWSN. This novel routing algorithm which is operated in the controller establishes distance queue based on the information collecting from the nodes and computes the closest node to transmit data for each node. The simulation results show that the novel routing algorithm has better performance in extending the network lifetime and increasing the traffic of the whole network. <s> BIB016 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> In this paper, we are visualizing a military health service (MHS) platform which is based on hierarchical IoT architecture. We propose a semantic Edge based network model which plays a significant role for communicating tactical and non-tactical piece of information over the network. Further, the exchange of information and subsequent data analysis on the MHS makes the system intelligent and smart. In any standard battlefield scenario, there is a command and control center that correlates the events happening in real time. We have made this command and control center as semantic edge component. This center is entrusted with making vital decisions on the tactical arena of the battlefield. The main aim of the proposed architecture is to provide secured zone to monitor soldiers health and their weapons conditions, respectively. We have also introduced the semantic edge computing mechanism to deal with the large amount of health data in terms of processing, storing and sharing information. <s> BIB017 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network <s> Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are commonly used information technologies of modern networking and computing platforms. Today's network computing applications are faced with a high demand of powerful network functionalities. Functional network reach is central to customer satisfaction such as in mobile networks and cloud computing environments. However, efficient management of WSNs remains a challenge, due to problems supplemental to them. Recent technology shift proposes Software Defined Networking (SDN) for improving computing networks. This review paper highlights application challenges faced by WSNs for monitored environments and those faced by the proposed approaches, as well as opportunities that can be realized on applications of WSNs using SDN. We also highlight Implementation considerations by focusing on critical aspects that should not be disregarded when attempting to improve network functionalities. We then propose a strategy for Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network (SDWSN) as an effort for application improvement in monitored environments. <s> BIB018
Modieginyane et al. BIB018 highlighted application challenges faced by WSNs for monitored environments, as well as opportunities that can be realized on applications of WSNs using SDN. The authors also proposed a method of implementing simple state rules on the sink node, as an effort to improve the Software Defined Wireless Sensor Network (SDWSN) programmability, as well as to offload the controller of such low-level computational tasks. Aleksander et al. BIB004 presented a model that uses SDN in Wireless Sensor Networks. Wenxiang et al. BIB006 BIB007 studied a model and method for applying SDN to Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSAN), with the objective of improving communication efficiency and expandability. The detailed model includes a three-layer architecture with a new control plane, relevant system entities, and enhanced protocol stack for cooperative communication and task execution. Furthermore, the authors explored the challenges and mechanisms for effective system management for aspects related to mobility, security, heterogeneity, topology construction and controlling the load of the SDN controllers. Kahjogh et al. BIB012 presented a novel approach utilizing a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) optimization to extend network lifetime and reduce latency in WSNs. The authors also explained how such an approach is made viable for WSNs via new wireless SDN architectures and protocols. Furthermore, survey papers on general SDWSN aspects and requirements have been identified BIB018 BIB013 . Ndiaye et al. BIB013 highlighted work on traditional WSN management, and reviewed SDN-based techniques for WSNs in detail, while focusing on the advantages that SDN offers. Furthermore, the authors discussed open research challenges across mechanisms for SDN-based WSN configuration and management. Modieginyane et al. BIB018 highlighted application challenges faced by WSNs for monitored environments, as well as opportunities that can be realized on applications of WSNs using SDN. The authors also proposed a method of implementing simple state rules on the sink node, as an effort to improve the SDWSN programmability, as well as to offload the controller of such low-level computational tasks. Furthermore, Aleksander et al. BIB004 presented a model that uses SDN in Wireless Sensor Networks. Other research directions in the area of SDWSN include software defined mobile sensor networks BIB008 , software-defined sensor networks BIB001 BIB005 , resource optimization using SDN for smart grid WSN BIB002 , SDN based QoS provisioning in WSN technologies BIB014 , and others BIB015 . Yuan et al. BIB008 introduced a novel mobile sensor networking architecture for a swarm of micro unmanned vehicles (MAVs) using SDN technologies. Additionally, the proposed networking architecture provides potential applications for advanced routing policies for a swarm of MAVs with highly dynamic topologies. Sayyed et al. BIB002 discussed the concept of SDN in WNS where OpenFlow is the controller part of the network. Letswamotse et al. BIB008 proposed improving QoS provisioning by introducing SDN principles into WSN technologies, while Zeng et al. BIB005 considered a minimum-power activation and scheduling problem in multi-task SDSNs with quality-of-sensing guarantee. The authors derived the effective sensing rate that can be achieved by collaborative sensing from multiple sensors in closed-form. Zeng et al. BIB001 introduced the concept of SDSNs and outline several pioneering related work and enabling technologies for the realization of SDSNs. Furthermore, Fortino et al. BIB003 identified motivations and challenges for the integration of body area networks (BANs) and Cloud computing. The authors presented a general reference architecture, based on purposely elicited requirements for supporting cloud-assisted BANs, from sensor data collection to workflow-oriented data analysis: (1) sensor stream efficient collection, (2) effective sensor stream management, (3) scalable sensor stream processing framework, (4) persistent sensor data storage, (5) workflow-oriented decision making, (6) advanced visualization services, and (7) multi-layer security. Finally, Junli et al. BIB016 designed an efficient energy routing algorithm based on SDWSN, where the algorithm is operated in a controller that establishes distance queue, based on the information collected from the nodes, and computes the closest node to transmit data. SDN is also used in the Internet of Things BIB009 BIB010 BIB017 BIB011 . Gonzalez et al. BIB009 presented their preliminary study that is focused on the understanding of an effective approach to build a cluster network using SDN. The proposed approach is a new method for a new type of IoT network based on SDN in cluster environments. The system is able to handle the communications between clusters by means of an SDN cluster head, managed by an SDN controller. Tortonesi et al. BIB011 presented an SDN-based middleware solution to mitigate the IoT information explosion. Abels et al. BIB015 discussed future proof IoT concepts including composable semantics, security, QoS, reliability, and software defined IoT (SD-IoT) that controls and updates for any hardware, anywhere, anytime, including edge and WSN. Ionita et al. BIB010 proposed an infrastructure based on custom locally installed agents which communicate with a central AlienVault deployment for event correlation. The agents are based on a neural network which takes actions based on a risk assessment inspired by the human immune system. The proposed implementation can successfully be implemented in an IoT scenario, with added security for the "brownfiled" devices. Singh et al. BIB017 proposed a semantic Edge based network model, which plays a significant role for communicating tactical and non-tactical pieces of information over the network. Furthermore, the exchange of information and subsequent data analysis on the military health service (MHS) makes the system intelligent.