A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Unmanned Aerial Vehicles' Applications <s> Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have enormous potential in the public and civil domains. These are particularly useful in applications, where human lives would otherwise be endangered. Multi-UAV systems can collaboratively complete missions more efficiently and economically as compared to single UAV systems. However, there are many issues to be resolved before effective use of UAVs can be made to provide stable and reliable context-specific networks. Much of the work carried out in the areas of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) does not address the unique characteristics of the UAV networks. UAV networks may vary from slow dynamic to dynamic and have intermittent links and fluid topology. While it is believed that ad hoc mesh network would be most suitable for UAV networks yet the architecture of multi-UAV networks has been an understudied area. Software defined networking (SDN) could facilitate flexible deployment and management of new services and help reduce cost, increase security and availability in networks. Routing demands of UAV networks go beyond the needs of MANETS and VANETS. Protocols are required that would adapt to high mobility, dynamic topology, intermittent links, power constraints, and changing link quality. UAVs may fail and the network may get partitioned making delay and disruption tolerance an important design consideration. Limited life of the node and dynamicity of the network lead to the requirement of seamless handovers, where researchers are looking at the work done in the areas of MANETs and VANETs, but the jury is still out. As energy supply on UAVs is limited, protocols in various layers should contribute toward greening of the network. This paper surveys the work done toward all of these outstanding issues, relating to this new class of networks, so as to spur further research in these areas. <s> BIB001 </s> A Systematic Literature Review on Military Software Defined Networks <s> Unmanned Aerial Vehicles' Applications <s> Lately, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have evolved considerably, and are proving to be very useful for many important applications in commercial, metropolitan, and military environments. Typically, UAVs require the collaboration with other systems to achieve their mission. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) constitute an example of such systems. In traditional applications, UAVs obtain the required data from specific sensors in a peer-to-peer network. However, this network architecture restricts the scalability and development of the application. This paper proposes a softwarization architecture for UAVs and WSNs collaboration based on the Internet of Things (IoT) model. The higher layers are proposed to be a part of the cloud to take advantage of important and useful cloud services, while UAVs and WSNs are devices that interact with the real world. Our proposed architecture uses a combination of three paradigms which include network softwarization, Software Defined Networks (SDN), and Network Functional Virtualization (NFV). These strategies are associated with decoupling the hardware devices from the control layer that virtualizes the device resources for the higher layers. The architecture is illustrated with an agricultural example of a collaborative system that consists of multiple sensors and UAVs. A prototype system that consists of sensing nodes, UAVs, a WSN controller, a UAV controller, and an orchestration layer was implemented. This implementation provides a proof of our architecture by implementing the layers and components and then testing the system operation. <s> BIB002
A survey of Gupta et al. BIB001 focused on the research potential of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), where SDN can contribute to lowering cost and increasing availability in both public and military UAVs. The UAV networks need to support dynamic nodes with frequent change of network topologies, where nodes have a high network outage rate. Due to the need for OpenFlow network controller availability in dynamic networks, this requires a distribution of network controllers where balance and cooperation between network controllers must be addressed. However, the authors state that hybrid SDN with delegated packet processing is the most promising SDN technology for UAV. The current protocols for network routing in UAV have high latency, while the fast, flexible routing and multipath selection in SDN are assumed to out-perform current UAV routing protocols. Correspondingly, Mahmoud et al. BIB002 presented an architecture based on SDN, where UAV sensors controlled by OpenFlow are expected to increase reusability, scalability and modularity in the UAV network. The UAV papers refer to hardware security, management and orchestration as research challenges.