Multi-core processors - An overview <s> Introduction <s> Investigates the context for the development of one of the earliest microprocessors, the Intel 4004. It considers the contributions made by Intel employees, most notably Marcian E. "Ted" Hoff, Jr. and Federico Faggin, and the contributions other people made to this development who are not generally known, most notably Tadashi Sasaki and Masatoshi Shima. This paper represents a case study of how corporate and national cultures affect technological development and of the many aspects of invention, including conceptualization, logical design, engineering, fabrication, capitalization and marketing. <s> BIB001 </s> Multi-core processors - An overview <s> Introduction <s> Over the past few years, the ARM reduced-instruction-set computing (RISC) processor has evolved to offer a family of chips that range up to a full-blown multiprocessor. Embedded applications' demand for increasing levels of performance and the added efficiency of key new technologies has driven the ARM architecture's evolution. Throughout this evolutionary path, the ARM team has used a full range of techniques known to computer architecture for exploiting parallelism. The performance and efficiency methods that ARM uses include variable execution time, subword parallelism, digital signal processor-like operations, thread-level parallelism and exception handling, and multiprocessing. Leveraging parallelism on several levels, ARM's new chip designs could change how people access technology. With sales growing rapidly and more than 1.5 billion ARM processors already sold each year, software writers now have a huge range of markets in which their ARM code can be used. <s> BIB002 </s> Multi-core processors - An overview <s> Introduction <s> In the past, processor design trends were dominated by increasingly complex feature sets, higher clock speeds, growing thermal envelopes and increasing power dissipation. Recently, clock speeds have tapered and thermal and power dissipation envelopes have remained flat. However, the demand for increasing performance continues which has fueled the move to integrated multiple processor (multi-core) designs. This paper discusses this trend towards multi-core processor designs, the design challenges that accompany it and a view of the research required to support it. <s> BIB003 </s> Multi-core processors - An overview <s> Introduction <s> With modern techniques that allow billions of transistors on a chip, microprocessor design is going to a world of multicore. A cluster of multicores will be commonly used as an efficient computational platform for high performance computing in the near future. Correspondingly, the resource providers, who share their computing elements and storage with customers, will also upgrade their machines to the multicore architecture. At the same time, the dominating resource sharing platforms, in the form of compute Grids, are facing a grand challenge from Cloud computing. With an easy interface, high-level services, and on-demand provision of compute resources, compute Clouds are attracting more users to join their realm. Upcoming Cloud environments will be primarily built on top of multicore technologies. However, to fully exploit the computational capacity and the other advantages of multicores, a lot of novel techniques must be proposed and investigated. This paper serves as an overview for multicore technologies in the context of Cloud computing. This paper firstly introduces multicore technologies and the Cloud computing concept. Then it investigates various open research issues in the context of multicore Cloud computing, for example, how to efficiently employ multicore techniques for Cloud computing, how to achieve the high performance of multicore for high performance applications in the Cloud environments. Several examples and discussion are presented. <s> BIB004
The microprocessor industry continues to have great importance in the course of technological advancements ever since their coming to existence in 1970s BIB001 . The growing market and the demand for faster performance drove the industry to manufacture faster and smarter chips. One of the most classic and proven techniques to improve performance is to clock the chip at higher frequency which enables the processor to execute the programs in a much quicker time  BIB003 and the industry has been following this trend from 1983 -2002  . Additional techniques have also been devised to improve performance including parallel processing, data level parallelism and instruction level parallelism which have all proven to be very effective BIB002 . One such technique which improves significant performance boost is multi-core processors. Multi-core processors have been in existence since the past decade, but however have gained more importance off late due to technology limitations single-core processors are facing today BIB004 such as high throughput and long lasting battery life with high energy efficiency  .