Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> Cloud Computing for 5G Network. <s> Cloud computing architecture is used as a guideline to understand the whole process including actor roles inside a cloud computing environment. Currently, there is only a few cloud computing architecture that can be used as a reference for building a cloud computing infrastructure. As cloud computing technology is being used to minimize the usage cost of computing resources, many enterprises gained interest of migrating their old system to the cloud computing system. This paper describes an overview of the new proposed cloud computing reference architecture but focusing on one of the cloud provider components which is cloud service management. It is required for cloud providers to support them managing their cloud services properly from the planning to delivery and operation process. <s> BIB001 </s> Survey of Promising Technologies for 5G Networks <s> Cloud Computing for 5G Network. <s> With the development of 5G, the wireless world will be interconnected without barriers. This new technology will enable many challenging applications, and more personalized and interactive services are expected to be available with resourcelimited mobile terminals. Fortunately, mobile cloud computing (MCC) emerging in the context of 5G has the potential to overcome this bottleneck, which enables many resource-intensive services for mobile users with the support of mobile big data delivery and cloud-assisted computing. In this article we propose a novel framework named EMC in the context of 5G, which offers personalized emotionaware services by MCC and affective computing. With the proposed framework, the traditional MCC architecture is modified to achieve the required Quality of Experience in emotion-aware applications. Furthermore, we design a partitioning solution corresponding to the fundamental trade-off between the communication and computation in EMC. The framework would be helpful to provide personalized, human-centric, intelligent emotion-aware services in 5G. <s> BIB002
The main characteristics of 5G include high speed, low latency, and high capacity to support various real-time multimedia applications. 5G is being developed as a smart wireless network architecture using new models such as SDN or NFV for multidimensional massive data processing  . Network virtualization is a new concept that can create a big challenge for next generation networking based on IP networks, the Internet, and wireless technology. Virtualization creates connections between the communication and the computing domains. ServiceOriented Architecture (SOA) will be the main factor of network-as-a-service (NaaS), which is enabled by the convergence of networking and cloud computing. Network virtualization architecture with SOA has attracted wide interest from both the academia and the industry. However, some issues related to user requirements of QoS and QoE remain. There are more and more services considering cloud computing as the core backbone technology for service deployment and network implementation due to the scalability and flexibility. Cloud service is an important technology for the future, as it can reduce costs for service provider and customer by efficient resource allocation. Cloud computing becomes one of important reference architectures for 5G network due to the high data rate, high mobility, and centralization management services. It can be operated without direct installation consumers' systems. Cloud computing has been considered increasingly by both the academia and the industry. Due to development of technology and business trend of mobile service, the number of mobile devices is increasing more and more. The world is switching to compact devices with limited computing power, cloud computing will be the future of consumer technology. To provide a common protocol of management and operation for cloud service deployment, a complete and precise standard architecture is required. The researches on cloud computing issues are being carried out based on many cloud computing projects. They are attempting to standardize solutions related to architecture, operation, authentication, service, and cooperation integration of 5G network. The general interface architecture of cloud computing from proposals is selected from Figure 5 . Based on the architecture and network function, cloud computing research can be classified by topology framework, architecture and service. For topology frameworks, "CloudAudit: Automated Audit, Assertion, Assessment, and assurance" [50] [53] works on open standards for identity deployment, provisioning, and management in cloud computing. OpenStack [54] provided an opensource software API for private clouds. "Cloud Computing Interoperability Forum"  , Open cloud Consortium [56] focused on cloud integration framework. MCC BIB002 proposed a new framework for 5G cloud computing by enhancing the traditional MCC architecture to satisfy the requirement of QoE in emotion-aware applications. It has three main components: mobile terminal, local cloudlet, and remote cloud. The proposed system can support the latest technological advances of 5G with computation-intensive affective computing, big data analysis, resource cognitionbased emotion-aware feedback, and optimization of resource allocation under dynamic traffic load. For service architecture, open cloud frameworks such as platform-as-a-service (PaaS) and infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) have been proposed by CloudFoundry [58] and DeltaCloud  . Open cloud computing Interface  provided interfaces for cloud resource management, including computing, storage, and bandwidth. Cloud Security Alliance [60] and Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF)  deal with cloud computing security. Open Data Center Alliance [62] develops usage models for cloud vendors with long-term data centers. The proposed cloud computing architecture in BIB001  evaluated cloud service business performance based on the provided set of service measurement index (SMI). The proposed architecture focused mainly on commercial models, service functions, measurement of service-users preferences, and satisfaction indexes. Trusted Cloud Initiative (TCI) reference architecture was proposed by Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) in 2011  . TCI uses four frameworks to define its security polity, namely, the Sherwood Business Security Architecture (SABSA), Information Technology Infrastructure (ITIL), the Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), and Jericho. The proposed architecture includes methodology and supporting tools for security configuration, enterprise architecture, business plan, and risk management. The business requirements are based on different standards of control matrixes, payment, authentication, planning, design, and service development. The architecture is complex from the viewpoints of implementation and deployment because it combines several different frameworks, thus requiring developers to understand all frameworks. The standard of cloud computing is still an open issue because different industries have different precise definitions based on their own architectures BIB001 . However, the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST)  and IBM  are two typical cloud computing architectures that have been applied as references by both the industry and the academia. NIST introduced research on cloud computing architecture in September 2011 by suggesting a reference architecture including the main elements of cloud computing. The proposed architecture provides categories of functions, activities, and classification methods based on a tree structure. It describes the general concepts of technical functions and business models. The service management functions in the architecture require background knowledge. The architecture should have additional explanation and operational description for nonbackground users BIB001 . The detailed architecture proposed by IBM's research team is called Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (CCRA), and it is based on customer's demands of IBM's cloud products and services. Experience and research pertaining to cloud services were applied to devise a full cloud computing architecture. Compared with NIST, IBM CCRA has important advantages in terms of operation and management. System performance and scalability are considered based on the customer's cloud computing environment. Another strong point is the support system. IBM provides specific development and management tools to help customers deploy and manage their cloud services. Cloud computing creates a new paradigm in networking technology with the concept of computing resource sharing. It can provide ubiquitous on-demand access with high flexibility, cost efficiency, and centralized management. Cloud computing has attracted considerable attention from and has had an impact on the ICT community. An increasing number of critical applications and services now support cloud computing architecture. Cloud computing is a promising architecture for future-generation networks. The distributed, dynamic, and heterogeneous characteristics of resource management are the main difference between cloud computing and the traditional service model, where the available architecture of the traditional network cannot adapt to new features. The resources used in cloud computing have different features. Hence, with the static QoS index strategy, system performance is not efficient.