Application of DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Images: A Meta-Analysis and a Systematic Literature Review <s> Short-Term Light Monitoring <s> This study used Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)/Operational Line- scan System (OLS) satellite images to classify and analyze the spatial and temporal variability of nighttime fishing vessel lights in the Sea of Japan. OLS images can detect the powerful lights used to attract squid. We examined DMSP/OLS nighttime visible images from 1994 to 1999. Fishing areas of the Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus were defined as the bright areas created by 2-level slicing methods on DMSP/OLS images. T. pacificus fishing areas were mainly found along the east coast of Korea, between Cheju and Tsushima Islands, around the Yamato Rise, along the coast of Honshu, and in northern areas of the Sea of Japan. Using image classification and separability analy- sis, we divided the Sea of Japan into 7 areas based on different temporal variability in squid fishing area characteristics. The classification takes the potential northern and southern squid migration pat- terns into account. One of the potential northern migration patterns formed along Honshu Island to the north; another appeared along the east coast of Korea, northward through Yamato Rise. Southern migration patterns were almost the reverse of northern migration patterns. These 7 classified areas also correspond to the oceanographic characteristics of the Sea of Japan, i.e. a polar front at latitude 40°N, the inflow of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC), and warm eddies. The use of remotely- sensed data demonstrated in this study offers a powerful and innovative way in which to determine the migration and ecology of the Japanese common squid. <s> BIB001 </s> Application of DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Images: A Meta-Analysis and a Systematic Literature Review <s> Short-Term Light Monitoring <s> Novel data on the spatial and temporal distribution of fishing effort and population abundance are presented for the market squid fishery (Loligo opalescens) in the Southern ::: California Bight, 1992−2000. Fishing effort was measured by the detection of boat lights by the Defense Meteorological ::: Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS). ::: Visual confirmation of fishing vessels by nocturnal aerial surveys indicated that lights detected by satellites are ::: reliable indicators of fishing effort. Overall, fishing activity was concentrated off the following Channel Islands: Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa, and Santa Catalina. Fishing activity occurred at depths of 100 m or ::: less. Landings, effort, and squid abundance (measured as landings per unit of effort, LPUE) markedly declined ::: during the 1997−98 El Nino; landings and LPUE increased afterwards. Within a fishing season, the location of fishing activity shifted from the northern shores of Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz Islands in October, the typical starting date for squid fishing in the Bight, to the southern shores by March, the typical end of the squid ::: season. Light detection by satellites offers a source of fine-scale spatial and temporal data on fishing effort for ::: the market squid fishery off California, and these data can be integrated with environmental data and fishing logbook data in the development of a management plan. <s> BIB002 </s> Application of DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Images: A Meta-Analysis and a Systematic Literature Review <s> Short-Term Light Monitoring <s> Abstract Monitoring and management of forest fires is very important in countries like India where 55% of the total forest cover is prone to fires annually. The present study aims at effective monitoring of forest fires over the Indian region using Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) nighttime satellite data and to evaluate the active fire detection capabilities of the sensor. Nightly DMSP-OLS fire products were generated from February to May 2005 (peak fire season) and analyzed to study the occurrence and behavior of fires over different forest physiognomies in Indian region. Fire products generated from DMSP-OLS were validated with ground observations of fire records from state forest departments to evaluate the accuracy of fire products. Further, inter-comparison of the DMSP-OLS derived fire products with contemporary fire products from Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (both daytime and nighttime products) in addition to fires and burnt areas derived from Indian Remote sensing Satellite (IRS-P6) Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) data has been done to analyze spatial agreement of fire locations given by the above sensors. Results from the DMSP-OLS fire products (derived from February to May 2005) over Indian region showed high forest fires in southern dry deciduous forests during February–March; central Indian dry and mixed deciduous forests during March–April; northeastern tropical forests during February–April and northern pine forests during May. Spatial pattern in fires showed a typical seasonal shift in fire activity from the southern dry deciduous forests to the northern pine forests and temperate forests as the fire season progressed. Statistical evaluation of DMSP-OLS fire products with ground observations showed an over all accuracy of 98%. Comparison of DMSP-OLS derived fires with consecutive MODIS and AWiFS derived fires for individual days indicated that 69% of the fires continued from current day (DMSP-OLS pass around ∼ 7 pm to ∼ 10 pm local time) to the next day (MODIS and AWiFS pass ∼ 10:30 am local time). Comparison of DMSP-OLS derived fires with burnt areas estimated from AWiFS showed that 98% of DMSP-OLS derived fires on the current day fell within the burnt area of AWiFS on subsequent day. Since the worst forest fires are those that extend from the current to the consecutive days, DMSP-OLS derived fires provide a valuable augmentation to the fires derived from other sensors operating in daytime. <s> BIB003 </s> Application of DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Images: A Meta-Analysis and a Systematic Literature Review <s> Short-Term Light Monitoring <s> [1] Biomass burning is identified as a major source of atmospheric pollution giving rise to the release of large quantities of gaseous emissions and particulate matter. The present study aims at analyzing the impacts of biomass burning on aerosol loading over urban area of Hyderabad, India using synchronous measurements of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), solar irradiance in different wavelength bands, aerosol particle size distribution measurements and black carbon (BC) aerosol mass concentration. Temporal variation of AOD and aerosol index (AI) correlated with occurrence of forest fires as derived from DMSP-OLS and MODIS satellite data. BC values showed good correlation with total aerosol number density and showed patterns correlating with wind direction. Radiative forcing estimated from synchronous measurements of AOD and ground reaching broadband solar irradiance suggested −12.5W/m 2 reduction per 0.1 increase in AOD. Diffuse to direct ratio of solar irradiance showed variations correlating with changes in aerosol optical depth. <s> BIB004 </s> Application of DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Images: A Meta-Analysis and a Systematic Literature Review <s> Short-Term Light Monitoring <s> The present study describes the night-time active forest fire detection capabilities of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) satellite data over the forest region of Kerala State, India in 2004. Kerala State had a high incidence of forest fires during 2004 because of the extended dry season, with the unusual absence of intermittent rainfall from January to April. DMSP-OLS data were processed to detect active night-time forest fires over Kerala State and validated with ground data and fine-resolution Indian Remote Sensing (IRS)-P6 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) satellite imagery. DMSP-OLS-derived night-time fire products were compared with synchronous Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived daytime fire products to check for the spatial agreement and continuity of fires. To estimate the burnt areas, different atmospheric correction algorithms were applied to the IRS-P6 AWiFS dataset; these included the cosine approximation model (COST), ATCOR2 in ERDAS Imagine and the Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) code. Atmospheric corrections to the satellite data indicated significant improvement in burnt area estimates. The results of the study suggest a good correlation between AWiFS data-derived burnt areas, DMSP-OLS-derived fire counts and MODIS-derived fire products. The fire occurrences derived from DMSP-OLS and MODIS data were validated with field records on fire occurrences over the study area. <s> BIB005
Contrary to the aforementioned two categories of applications, studies on short-term light phenomena may focus on spatial and temporal dynamics of some unstable light, and even instantaneous lighting phenomena. Recent studies have included monitoring forest fires and their impacts on aerosol properties and burned areas BIB005 BIB003 , monitoring gas flares  , detecting fishing vessels BIB001 , and identifying lightning flashes  . The challenges in this category are threefold. First, the extraction method for isolating specific short-term lights from stable lights and other irrelevant short-term lights is underdeveloped. Using forest fire mapping as an example, researchers need to exclude long-term lights by masking out stable light pixels, and remove other light sources such as lightning, scan lines, and heavily lit clouds through visual and manual interpretation BIB003 . Second, short-term lighting phenomena can last from seconds to days, and from nighttime to daytime; thus, DMSP/OLS nighttime images alone cannot capture their complete process. For example, additional remotely sensed data sources such as MODIS, Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS-P6, and Advanced Wide Field Sensor were used to provide complementary and validating information on forest fire mapping during the daytime BIB005 BIB004 . Third, accessibility to ground truth observations of short-term light phenomena is highly limited. For example, fishing vessels' logbooks can validate the fishing efforts extracted from DMSP/OLS images, but are difficult to acquire in most cases BIB002 .