Energy optimization in wireless sensor network through natural science computing: A survey <s> System level parameters <s> An system-level power management technique for massively distributed wireless microsensor networks is proposed. A power aware sensor node model is introduced which enables the embedded operating system to make transitions to different sleep states based on observed event statistics. The adaptive shutdown policy is based on a stochastic analysis and renders desired energy-quality scalability at the cost of latency and missed events. The notion of algorithmic transformations that improve the energy quality scalability of the data gathering network are also analyzed. <s> BIB001 </s> Energy optimization in wireless sensor network through natural science computing: A survey <s> System level parameters <s> The MANTIS MultimodAl system for NeTworks of In-situ wireless Sensors provides a new multithreaded embedded operating system integrated with a general-purpose single-board hardware platform to enable flexible and rapid prototyping of wireless sensor networks. The key design goals of MANTIS are ease of use, i.e. a small learning curve that encourages novice programmers to rapidly prototype novel sensor networking applications in software and hardware, as well as flexibility, so that expert researchers can leverage or develop advanced software features and hardware extensions to suit the needs of advanced research in wireless sensor networks. <s> BIB002
The sensor node operates between single-application devices without OS and share general-purpose devices with resources with the help of embedded OSs. A sensor node's OS manages processor, radio, I/O buses, and Flash memory, and provides hardware abstraction to application software, task coordination, power management, and networking services  . By controlling sensing and actuation activity sensor nodes respond to events and as sensor nodes are event-driven, optimization of the OS for event handling is possible to optimum energy utilization. WSN Oss optimized for event handling in TinyOS [26] . The hardware components like power management in sensor node's OS can control to optimize power consumption. The idea BIB001 explores that switching the sensor node to a sleep state when idle for energy conservation; however, transition to sleep state has the overhead of storing the processor state and requires a finite amount of wakeup time BIB001 . Once deployed, maintenance and repair of sensor nodes not possible hence it require fault-tolerant mechanisms for reliable operation. The multithreaded OS BIB002 provides fault-tolerant isolation between applications by stopping a blocking task to prevent the execution of other tasks. The energy optimization issues can effectively handle using Cellular automation   and the swarm   concepts.