Towards Efficient Mobile M2M Communications: Survey and Open Challenges <s> Device Mobility, Autonomy, and Security <s> It is envisioned that home networks will shift from current machine-to-human communications to the machine-to-machine paradigm with the rapid penetration of embedded devices in home surroundings. In this article, we first identify the fundamental challenges in home M2M networks. Then we present the architecture of home M2M networks decomposed into three subareas depending on the radio service ranges and potential applications. Finally, we focus on QoS management in home M2M networks, considering the increasing number of multimedia devices and growing visual requirements in a home area. Three standards for multimedia sharing and their QoS architectures are outlined. Cross-layer joint admission and rate control design is reported for QoS-aware multimedia sharing. This proposed strategy is aware of the QoS requirements and resilience of multimedia services. Illustrative results indicate that the joint design is able to intelligently allocate radio bandwidth based on QoS demands in resource-constrained home M2M networks. <s> BIB001 </s> Towards Efficient Mobile M2M Communications: Survey and Open Challenges <s> Device Mobility, Autonomy, and Security <s> Machine-to-machine communications is characterized by involving a large number of intelligent machines sharing information and making collaborative decisions without direct human intervention. Due to its potential to support a large number of ubiquitous characteristics and achieving better cost efficiency, M2M communications has quickly become a market-changing force for a wide variety of real-time monitoring applications, such as remote e-healthcare, smart homes, environmental monitoring, and industrial automation. However, the flourishing of M2M communications still hinges on fully understanding and managing the existing challenges: energy efficiency (green), reliability, and security (GRS). Without guaranteed GRS, M2M communications cannot be widely accepted as a promising communication paradigm. In this article, we explore the emerging M2M communications in terms of the potential GRS issues, and aim to promote an energy-efficient, reliable, and secure M2M communications environment. Specifically, we first formalize M2M communications architecture to incorporate three domains - the M2M, network, and application domains - and accordingly define GRS requirements in a systematic manner. We then introduce a number of GRS enabling techniques by exploring activity scheduling, redundancy utilization, and cooperative security mechanisms. These techniques hold promise in propelling the development and deployment of M2M communications applications. <s> BIB002 </s> Towards Efficient Mobile M2M Communications: Survey and Open Challenges <s> Device Mobility, Autonomy, and Security <s> Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication between devices has significant differences with conventional human-to-human (H2H) communications. From these differences, considerable technical issues of M2M communication arise, which are expected to result in numerous system changes compared to existing H2H communication networks. M2M-based features offer a new paradigm for future communication and network services, and can enable various convergence services in support of ubiquitous businesses and complex manufacturing industries. However, currently one limiting factor is lack of end-to-end M2M network connectivity. Various global standardization groups are conducting standardization on M2M communications. In this paper, a summary on the progress of global M2M standardization is presented. This paper also introduces M2M technical issues and discuss on the necessity of M2M vertical handover (VHO) and technical requirements in support of M2M VHO and fast handover for proxy mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6) VHO between heterogeneous M2M protocol networks to enable end-to-end M2M network connectivity. <s> BIB003 </s> Towards Efficient Mobile M2M Communications: Survey and Open Challenges <s> Device Mobility, Autonomy, and Security <s> Advances in wireless communication technologies are driving the evolution toward ever faster networks in terms of throughput and latency. At the same time, machine-to machine (M2M) communications is expected to have considerable potential with millions of devices connected within the following years. M2M communications is one of the key capabilities for implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT). Due to this potential, several standard organizations are now focusing on developing enhancements into their standards to support M2M communications. As there is no consensus for the architecture of a general scenario for M2M communications, the heterogeneous mobile ad hoc network (HetMANET) can generally be considered suitable for the M2M challenges. Hence, this calls for the IP mobility management, allowing a device to connect to services and access technologies that are best suited for that need. To examine how-to improve the HetMANET concept using existing standards such as IEEE 802.11 and 3GPP Evolved Packed Core (EPC) this paper introduces a straightforward and energy efficient algorithm for vertical handovers. A reference implementation of the handover concept in Android based vehicular-to-infrastructure is introduced. This reference implementation examines energy and performance efficiency in heterogeneous network environment. In addition, real-life use cases with real life services on top of WLAN and cellular network environments are presented to back up the selected approach. <s> BIB004 </s> Towards Efficient Mobile M2M Communications: Survey and Open Challenges <s> Device Mobility, Autonomy, and Security <s> To address the need for autonomous control of remote and distributed mobile systems, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications are rapidly gaining attention from both academia and industry. M2M communications have recently been deployed in smart grid, home networking, health care, and vehicular networking environments. This paper focuses on M2M communications in the vehicular networking context and investigates areas where M2M principles can improve vehicular networking. Since connected vehicles are essentially a network of machines that are communicating, preferably autonomously, vehicular networks can benefit a lot from M2M communications support. The M2M paradigm enhances vehicular networking by supporting large-scale deployment of devices, cross-platform networking, autonomous monitoring and control, visualization of the system and measurements, and security. We also present some of the challenges that still need to be addressed to fully enable M2M support in the vehicular networking environment. Of these, component standardization and data security management are considered to be the most significant challenges. <s> BIB005 </s> Towards Efficient Mobile M2M Communications: Survey and Open Challenges <s> Device Mobility, Autonomy, and Security <s> Machine-to-machine communications for healthcare is emerging for the benefit of humans. In addition to novel medium access, we provide a systematic view to look for ways to develop technology to accomplish this goal, and a thorough vision toward effective system and network design. Category: Smart and intelligent computing <s> BIB006
Devices that are able to connect to multiple different networks will have significant signalling traffic overheads for vertical handovers. Furthermore, devices in vehicles might face constant vertical handovers originated from the vehicles' mobility. Discussion on the necessity of improving vertical handovers in M2M communications are presented in BIB003 . Kellokoski et al. BIB004 propose an energy efficient algorithm for vertical handovers between an IEEE 802.11 and a 3GPP network for M2M communications. The connectivity and cross-platform networking originated from the vehicles' mobility and positional distribution should also be a concern. M2M communications should operate seamlessly without human intervention, and therefore self-configuration, self-management, and self-healing are important challenges BIB001 . Envisioned applications for mobile M2M communications require autonomous data collection and aggregation, transmission and distribution of aggregated data, and storing and reporting of information BIB005 . Furthermore, the total absence of, or limited, human intervention in many M2M applications can occasion physical attacks from malicious attackers, disrupting communications. Security for M2M communications is discussed in BIB002  BIB005 . Security is a major aspect for, as an example, vehicular collision-avoidance applications BIB005 or for healthcare applications BIB006 . Table 1 summarizes the main contributions of the literature presented in this document. Mobile M2M communications have the potential to introduce decisive advantages to different fields; however, from literature it is clear they will face several challenges and requirements, many introduced by M2M devices, which are usually constrained in, among others, energy, bandwidth, or processing and memory capabilities.