Surveys in business process management – a literature review <s> Discussion and conclusions <s> Business Process Management (BPM) in recent years has become a highest priority area for most ::: organizations. Since this concept is multidisciplinary, success in this endeavour requires considering ::: different factors. A number of studies have been conducted to identify these factors; however, most are ::: limited to the introduction of high-level factors or to the identification of the means of success within ::: only a specific context. This paper presents a holistic framework of success factors as well as the ::: associated means for achieving success. This framework introduces nine factors, namely culture, ::: leadership, communication, Information Technology, strategic alignment, people, project ::: management, performance measurement and methodology. Each of these factors are characterized ::: further by defining some sub-constructs and under each sub construct the means for achieving success ::: are also introduced. This framework including means for achieving success can be useful for BPM ::: project stakeholders in adequately planning the initiative and checking the progress during the ::: implementation. <s> BIB001 </s> Surveys in business process management – a literature review <s> Discussion and conclusions <s> Purpose – Business process management (BPM) is a management approach that developed with a strong focus on the adoption of information technology (IT). However, there is a growing awareness that BPM requires a holistic organizational perspective especially since culture is often considered a key element in BPM practice. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of existing research on culture in BPM.Design/methodology/approach – This literature review builds on major sources of the BPM community including the BPM Journal, the BPM Conference and central journal/conference databases. Forward and backward searches additionally deepen the analysis. Based on the results, a model of culture's role in BPM is developed.Findings – The results of the literature review provide evidence that culture is still a widely under‐researched topic in BPM. Furthermore, a framework on culture's role in BPM is developed and areas for future research are revealed.Research limitations/implications – The analy... <s> BIB002 </s> Surveys in business process management – a literature review <s> Discussion and conclusions <s> Purpose – In contemporary businesses, the importance of knowledge workers and the knowledge intensive business processes (KIBPs) is ever increasing, yet they seem very hard to control and manage. The purpose of this paper is to grasp the specific characteristics of KIBPs and how they differ from non‐knowledge intensive business processes (non‐KIBP), also to question how organizations are using business process management (BPM) to manage and improve KIBPs. The differences in maturity and effectiveness of both types of processes are also evaluated. ::: ::: Design/methodology/approach – Data for this research were collected through an online survey. The survey was designed based on a previously conducted exploratory study with semi‐structured interviews as well as the literature. The target group was BPM practitioners and the final sample included 98 respondents. Due to non‐normality, the analyses were conducted with non‐parametric tests. The research questions were analysed using Mann‐Whitney U test and Spearman's correlations. ::: ::: Findings – It was found that KIBP and non‐KIBP have clearly different characteristics, such as the level of complexity, repeatability and creativity required. Also it was found that these processes are not managed or improved differently than non‐KIBPs, and suggest that organizations need to take these differences into consideration while managing and improving these processes. Furthermore, the results suggest that applying methodologies that aim to provide operational improvements may not necessarily produce the best results for KIBPs. ::: ::: Originality/value – The paper answers a call for further development of the body of knowledge on knowledge‐intensive business processes, a rapidly emerging field of interest for BPM practitioners, where a clear gap in literature exists. <s> BIB003
In this section we discuss our findings and deduce conclusions. We have organized this section according to the structure of our analysis framework. First, we discuss our analysis results taking the meta-perspective. Thereafter, we review the findings from the content-based perspective. In general, we could say that the number of published BPM surveys has increased since 2005. The Business Process Management Journal seems to be the most appropriate journal to publish surveys addressing BPM/BPO or BPM-related topics. Additionally, we found out that the retrieved literature has been published in journals of different academic disciplines thus providing evidence that BPM is a multi-disciplinary subject matter BIB003  . Most of the retrieved literature has not appeared in top-ranked journals. Our analysis (cf. Figure 4) does not reveal any trends supporting the claim that there is a change in the number of surveys that appear in top-ranked journals/proceedings. However, an increase in the maturation of BPM research might be able to change this in the future. Therefore, future surveys have to follow rigorous methodological standards to increase the quality of research results. However, they must not lose relevance for practitioners (see the discussion at the end of this section). Next, we discuss the findings from the content-based perspective. We build six classes using the survey's research goals. Studies assigned to class I addresses BP modeling and BP design related RQs. Studies organized in class II test the impact of BPM/BPO or a BPM-related topic on a dependent variable. Class III consists of papers investigating the implementation and the evolution of BPM in organizations. We assign studies to class IV when these explore the status quo of BPM in practice. Studies in class V compare the emphasis of scientific research with the needs of practitioners. Finally, class VI summarizes research papers which developed scale items to measure BPM/BPO. Afterwards, we analyze the research focus of the surveys. Studies have either a narrow research focus or a broad research focus. The former ones investigate a particular BPM-related topic (e.g. BP modeling, BP outsourcing) that fits thematically one particular BPMMM factor. Our analysis reveals that this kind of studies mostly investigates topics that can be assigned to the BPMMM factors Strategic Alignment and Methods. Only two of the studies with a narrow research focus investigate topics of the BPMMM factor Governance while only one survey addresses a BPM-related topic that could be thematically assigned to the Information Technology BPMMM factor. We retrieved no study that has a narrow research focus and investigates capability areas of the People or Culture-BPMMM factor. However, there is a broad consensus in the BPM literature that the culture has to be in line with the process approach BIB002  BIB001 and that the success of process management heavily relies on peoples' knowledge and skills  BIB001 . As both capability areas have been less investigated and thus little theory has been developed so far , qualitative research endeavors are more suitable than survey research in future investigations  . Surveys which have a broad research focus should aim to cover all BPMMM factors.