Technical Feasibility of Hermetia illucens in Integrated Waste Management, Renovated with Sewage Water, an Overview <s> Biological Waste Decomposition Processes <s> Waste quantities and characteristics.- Storage and collection.- Materials recovery and recycling.- Disposal.- Biomedical waste.- Hazardous waste.- Waste from electrical and electronic equipment.- Waste from industry and commertial activity.- Radio active waste.- Health and safety issues.- Environmetal issues.- Issues in disaster affected area.- Solid waste and livelihood. <s> BIB001 </s> Technical Feasibility of Hermetia illucens in Integrated Waste Management, Renovated with Sewage Water, an Overview <s> Biological Waste Decomposition Processes <s> Treatment of biowaste, the predominant waste fraction in low- and middle-income settings, offers public health, environmental and economic benefits by converting waste into a hygienic product, diverting it from disposal sites, and providing a source of income. This article presents a comprehensive overview of 13 biowaste treatment technologies, grouped into four categories: (1) direct use (direct land application, direct animal feed, direct combustion), (2) biological treatment (composting, vermicomposting, black soldier fly treatment, anaerobic digestion, fermentation), (3) physico-chemical treatment (transesterification, densification), and (4) thermo-chemical treatment (pyrolysis, liquefaction, gasification). Based on a literature review and expert consultation, the main feedstock requirements, process conditions and treatment products are summarized, and the challenges and trends, particularly regarding the applicability of each technology in the urban low- and middle-income context, are critically discussed. An analysis of the scientific articles published from 2005 to 2015 reveals substantial differences in the amount and type of research published for each technology, a fact that can partly be explained with the development stage of the technologies. Overall, publications from case studies and field research seem disproportionately underrepresented for all technologies. One may argue that this reflects the main task of researchers—to conduct fundamental research for enhanced process understanding—but it may also be a result of the traditional embedding of the waste sector in the discipline of engineering science, where socio-economic and management aspects are seldom object of the research. More unbiased, well-structured and reproducible evidence from case studies at scale could foster the knowledge transfer to practitioners and enhance the exchange between academia, policy and practice. <s> BIB002
The process of biological treatment of waste can be explained as the ultimate disposal treatment without generation of any secondary pollutants under controlled environment utilizing biotic organisms. The above treatment category also comprises biochemical and biotechnological treatment systems of advanced and rapid conversion. Though biological treatment systems offer significantly stable end products and require lesser exterior energy inoculation when compared to other conversion processes such as chemical, physical or thermochemical systems, sometimes it may yield extensively slower  . An environment with higher moisture content is always preferable to perform any sort of biological conversion, as the conversion agents are living entity. Therefore the waste containing roughly 60% or more of moisture is always recommended to treat under biological stabilization mechanisms. Thus the suitability of biological treatment in order to treat the organic fraction of municipal waste and other domestic wastes in India and other underdeveloped countries is much privileged, where the moisture content of waste often ranges between 60% to 75% BIB001 . In this context, it's mandatory to mention that during past one-decade black soldier fly larvae composting has emerged as a promising treatment system Open Access Library Journal over other biological processes, because of its rapid conversion speed, sustainability, economic feasibility (i.e. due to the production of value-added co-products) etc. But unfortunately as far as the Indian scenario is concerned this treatment system poses pertaining knowledge gap and can be considered as an unexplored domain, which consists significant scope of research and improvement before commercialization BIB002 .