Survey of RF Communications and Sensing Convergence Research <s> E. HIGH FREQUENCY IMAGING AND COMMUNICATIONS <s> This tutorial presents an overview of the technological advances in millimeter-wave (mm-wave) circuit components, antennas, and propagation that will soon allow 60-GHz transceivers to provide multigigabit per second (multi-Gb/s) wireless communication data transfers in the consumer marketplace. Our goal is to help engineers understand the convergence of communications, circuits, and antennas, as the emerging world of subterahertz and terahertz wireless communications will require understanding at the intersections of these areas. This paper covers trends and recent accomplishments in a wide range of circuits and systems topics that must be understood to create massively broadband wireless communication systems of the future. In this paper, we present some evolving applications of massively broadband wireless communications, and use tables and graphs to show research progress from the literature on various radio system components, including on-chip and in-package antennas, radio-frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs), low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs), mixers, and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). We focus primarily on silicon-based technologies, as these provide the best means of implementing very low-cost, highly integrated 60-GHz mm-wave circuits. In addition, the paper illuminates characterization techniques that are required to competently design and fabricate mm-wave devices in silicon, and illustrates effects of the 60-GHz RF propagation channel for both in-building and outdoor use. The paper concludes with an overview of the standardization and commercialization efforts for 60-GHz multi-Gb/s devices, and presents a novel way to compare the data rate versus power efficiency for future broadband devices. <s> BIB001 </s> Survey of RF Communications and Sensing Convergence Research <s> E. HIGH FREQUENCY IMAGING AND COMMUNICATIONS <s> Owing to the low complexity and high level of system integration, the quadrature direct-conversion architecture is widely used in Doppler radar for noncontact detection of slow periodic motions such as mechanical vibrations and physiological motions of respiration and heartbeat. However, precise detection of the complete motion pattern has been challenging due to the high-pass characteristics of the ac-coupled baseband circuitry. A few techniques have been proposed to preserve the actual motion pattern in radar sensing based on hardware modifications that add system complexity and cost. In this paper, a digital post-distortion (DPoD) technique is proposed to compensate for the signal distortions in the digital baseband domain. Without any cumbersome hardware modification, the complete pattern of slow periodic motions can be detected using a simple quadrature direct-conversion architecture with ac-coupled baseband. Experimental results show that the proposed Doppler radar with the DPoD technique is robust to compensate signal distortions and can be used for precise detection of slow Doppler motions (near dc) where ac coupling typically attenuates the signal. <s> BIB002
Systems employing upper millimeter-wave have been proposed for high throughput communications, and fine resolution sensing. For example, Google's Project Soli performs precise motion detection using a 60 GHz radar targeted for mobile devices BIB002 ,  . The ultimate goal is low power, gesture based control for interfaces to the next generation of smartphones and tablets. This complements well with advances in high throughput device-to-device communications using the same frequency range and wireless backhaul applications BIB001 . A single radio could handle both sensing for input control, and communications for high bandwidth applications, potentially simultaneously.