A Survey and Classification of Controlled Natural Languages <s> AFTER a person closes a barrier, (almost) always the barrier is shut. <s> The transition of personal information management (PIM) tools off the desktop to the Web presents an opportunity to augment these tools with capabilities provided by the wealth of real-time information readily available. In this paper, we describe a next-generation personal information assistance engine that lets end-users delegate to it various simple context- and activity-reactive tasks and reminders. Our system, Atomate, treats RSS/ATOM feeds from social networking and life-tracking sites as sensor streams, integrating information from such feeds into a simple unified RDF world model representing people, places and things and their timevarying states and activities. Combined with other information sources on the web, including the user's online calendar, web-based e-mail client, news feeds and messaging services, Atomate can be made to automatically carry out a variety of simple tasks for the user, ranging from context-aware filtering and messaging, to sharing and social coordination actions. Atomate's open architecture and world model easily accommodate new information sources and actions via the addition of feeds and web services. To make routine use of the system easy for non-programmers, Atomate provides a constrained-input natural language interface (CNLI) for behavior specification, and a direct-manipulation interface for inspecting and updating its world model. <s> BIB001 </s> A Survey and Classification of Controlled Natural Languages <s> AFTER a person closes a barrier, (almost) always the barrier is shut. <s> As clarity in the Crisis Management domain is crucial, and there exists an enormous amount of Crisis Management documents, a specific language resource (the Controlled Language for Crisis Management, CLCM) for editing Crisis Management instructions in English has been previously developed. Based on a specially designed controlled language evaluation experiment, we have determined that manual simplification, far from being easy, is an extremely time-consuming process and thus automatization is essential in order to facilitate the writing of clear instructions. This article describes this experiment which also aims to determine which operations should be privileged and are more urgent to be implemented in order to address the most critical issues first. <s> BIB002 </s> A Survey and Classification of Controlled Natural Languages <s> AFTER a person closes a barrier, (almost) always the barrier is shut. <s> In this paper, we present Coral, an interface in which complex corpus queries can be expressed in a controlled subset of natural English. With the help of a predictive editor, users can compose queries and submit them to the Coral system, which then automatically translates them into formal AQL statements. We give an overview of the controlled natural language developed for Coral and describe the functionalities of the predictive editor provided for it. We also report on a user experiment in which the system was evaluated. The results show that, with Coral, corpora of annotated texts can be queried more easily and more quickly than with the existing ANNIS interface. Our system demonstrates that complex corpora can be accessed without the need to learn a complicated, formal query language. <s> BIB003
A parser translates CPL sentences into a frame-based language with well-defined semantics. In contrast to most other logic-based CNL approaches with custom-built parsers, the parsing process of CPL involves different external tools and resources. An existing parser for unrestricted English is used to generate an intermediary logical form. Then, WordNet and other resources are used to make a "best guess." The resulting logical representation is then paraphrased and shown to the user for verification or correction. -P is a controlled language for writing service manuals and bulletins at General Motors developed in the 1990s. The goal was to improve translatability, as well as consistency and readability. The approach moved from an "author-centric model" towards a "hybrid model" that included the role of an editor, before it went to full production in 2000 . The CASL restrictions are defined by 62 rules, including restrictions on sentence structure, word order, vocabulary, and punctuation. This is an exemplary sentence: Several diseases result from asbestos exposure, with latency periods of 10 to 40 years or longer. Writers are supported by a software tool called CASLChecker. "Controlled English at Douglas"  ) was a language developed in 1979 by the McDonnell Douglas aerospace company for their technical manuals. It was based on a dictionary of about 2,000 words (most of them verbs), favoring short and simple words and aiming at a single word per meaning and a single meaning per word. In addition to the words of the dictionary, "nomenclature words" can be introduced. The goal was to improve readability, translatability, and standardization. It was probably influenced by CFE and had itself an influence on AECMA SE. -P  BIB002 BIB001 ) is a language for writing instructions about how to deal with crisis situations. The language is defined by about 80 simplification rules. These simplification rules include restrictions on text structure (e.g., "Write a title for every specific situation"), formatting (e.g., "Separate with a new line each block of instructions"), lexicon (e.g., "avoid technical terms"), syntax (e.g., "Avoid passive voice"), semantics (e.g., "Use only literal meaning"), and pragmatics (e.g., "Remove unimportant information"). BIB003 ) is a controlled language for expressing formal queries to annotated text corpora. It is influenced by ACE, but is much less expressive, simpler and more domain-specific. It is embedded into a query interface called Coral to enable users with no particular background in computer science to effectively use large corpora of annotated texts. This is an exemplary query: