Vision based Traffic Police Hand Signal Recognition in Surveillance Video- A Survey R.Sathya <s> Gait recognition <s> This tutorial provides an overview of the basic theory of hidden Markov models (HMMs) as originated by L.E. Baum and T. Petrie (1966) and gives practical details on methods of implementation of the theory along with a description of selected applications of the theory to distinct problems in speech recognition. Results from a number of original sources are combined to provide a single source of acquiring the background required to pursue further this area of research. The author first reviews the theory of discrete Markov chains and shows how the concept of hidden states, where the observation is a probabilistic function of the state, can be used effectively. The theory is illustrated with two simple examples, namely coin-tossing, and the classic balls-in-urns system. Three fundamental problems of HMMs are noted and several practical techniques for solving these problems are given. The various types of HMMs that have been studied, including ergodic as well as left-right models, are described. > <s> BIB001 </s> Vision based Traffic Police Hand Signal Recognition in Surveillance Video- A Survey R.Sathya <s> Gait recognition <s> Ten different feature vectors are tested in a gesture recognition task which utilizes 3D data gathered in real-time from stereo video cameras, and HMMs for learning and recognition of gestures. Results indicate velocity features are superior to positional features, and partial rotational invariance is sufficient for good performance. <s> BIB002
Optical character recognition Lip-reading (visual speech to text mapping) Gesture and body motion analysis Several hand gesture recognition systems have been developed using various features computed from static images or image sequences BIB001 . The vision-based method selects the input data as the feature vectors for the HMM input and other HMM-based  BIB002 hand gesture recognition systems have also been development. Gesture recognition system using HMM models has been developed.