A review of heterogeneous data mining for brain disorder identification <s> Mining bioinformatics information networks <s> Multi-label classification is prevalent in many real-world applications, where each example can be associated with a set of multiple labels simultaneously. The key challenge of multi-label classification comes from the large space of all possible label sets, which is exponential to the number of candidate labels. Most previous work focuses on exploiting correlations among different labels to facilitate the learning process. It is usually assumed that the label correlations are given beforehand or can be derived directly from data samples by counting their label co-occurrences. However, in many real-world multi-label classification tasks, the label correlations are not given and can be hard to learn directly from data samples within a moderate-sized training set. Heterogeneous information networks can provide abundant knowledge about relationships among different types of entities including data samples and class labels. In this paper, we propose to use heterogeneous information networks to facilitate the multi-label classification process. By mining the linkage structure of heterogeneous information networks, multiple types of relationships among different class labels and data samples can be extracted. Then we can use these relationships to effectively infer the correlations among different class labels in general, as well as the dependencies among the label sets of data examples inter-connected in the network. Empirical studies on real-world tasks demonstrate that the performance of multi-label classification can be effectively boosted using heterogeneous information net- works. <s> BIB001 </s> A review of heterogeneous data mining for brain disorder identification <s> Mining bioinformatics information networks <s> Link prediction has become an important and active research topic in recent years, which is prevalent in many real-world applications. Current research on link prediction focuses on predicting one single type of links, such as friendship links in social networks, or predicting multiple types of links independently. However, many real-world networks involve more than one type of links, and different types of links are not independent, but related with complex dependencies among them. In such networks, the prediction tasks for different types of links are also correlated and the links of different types should be predicted collectively. In this paper, we study the problem of collective prediction of multiple types of links in heterogeneous information networks. To address this problem, we introduce the linkage homophily principle and design a relatedness measure, called RM, between different types of objects to compute the existence probability of a link. We also extend conventional proximity measures to heterogeneous links. Furthermore, we propose an iterative framework for heterogeneous collective link prediction, called HCLP, to predict multiple types of links collectively by exploiting diverse and complex linkage information in heterogeneous information networks. Empirical studies on real-world tasks demonstrate that the proposed collective link prediction approach can effectively boost link prediction performances in heterogeneous information networks. <s> BIB002
Bioinformatics network is a rich source of heterogeneous information involving disease mechanisms, as shown in Fig. 7 . The problems of gene-disease association and drugtarget binding prediction have been studied in the setting of heterogeneous information networks BIB002 BIB001 . For example, in gene-disease association prediction, different gene sequences can lead to certain diseases. Researchers would like to predict the association relationships between genes and diseases. Understanding the correlations between brain disorders and other diseases and the causality between certain genes and brain diseases can be transformative for yielding new insights concerning risk and protective relationships, for clarifying disease mechanisms, for aiding diagnostics and clinical monitoring, for biomarker discovery, for identification of new treatment targets, and for evaluating effects of intervention. 