Energy optimization in wireless sensor network through natural science computing: A survey <s> Network level parameters <s> The topology control is a very important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Many approaches have been proposed to carry out in this aspect, including modern heuristic approach. In this paper, the Topology Control based on Artificial Immune Algorithm (ToCAIA) is proposed to solute the energy-aware topology control for WSNs. ToCAIA is a heuristic algorithm, which is heuristic from the immune system of human. In ToCAIA, the antibody is the solution of the problem, and the antigen is the problem. ToCAIA could be used to solve the multi-objective minimum energy network connectivity (MENC) problem, and get the approximate solution. The experiment result shows that the topology control by using ToCAIA can be utilized for WSNs network optimization purposes. <s> BIB001 </s> Energy optimization in wireless sensor network through natural science computing: A survey <s> Network level parameters <s> SUMMARY ::: ::: Coalition is an essential mechanism in the multi-agent systems in the research of task-oriented area. Self-interested agents coordinate their behaviors in a coalition to pursue a common goal and obtain payoffs. We propose the clustering-based coalition formation and self-adjustment mechanisms for tasks in the wireless sensor network. Before coalition formation, the management center clusters attributes of sensors to reduce the scale of searching space during coalition formation. And then an improved MAX–MIN ant colony optimization algorithm is adopted to resolve the problem of coalition formation. If a coalition member fails to fulfill a task, it can sponsor a negotiation with some noncoalition nodes to execute coalition self-repairing autonomously. The stimulus-response mechanism of wasp colony is introduced to determine the probability of response to the task invitation to avoid consuming extra energy. Simulation results show that our model efficiently reduces energy consumption and network traffic, decreases the number of dead nodes, and prolongs the lifetime of the networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. <s> BIB002
The energy efficiency, robustness and scalability can be achieved through data dissemination and routing protocols in Network layer. The optimization can be achieved through routing protocols by adjustment in transmission power, routing strategies, and leverage either single-hop or multi-hop routing. The query disseminations and data forwarding requires routing layer optimizations. The applications like defence system for monitoring enemy troops or forest fire detection requires the real sensed data delivery so, the Routing Table 3 Research parameters for energy optimization at different layers Human immune system BIB001  The Swarm -wasps, an ants BIB002  3.