Survey of QoS routing protocols in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks <s> New Class of Algorithms with Appropriate Blend of <s> The QoS problem of Wireless multimedia sensor networks, due to its distinctive features such as large amount of data transmission of audio, video, and images, becomes a hot research recently. In this paper, QoS parameters are discussed, and give the packet types and common definition of QoS parameters, describe the progress of QoS routing protocols for WMSNs, and QoS routing algorithms for WMSNs. Some typical algorithms are described in details. Finally, the challenges for QoS routing for WMSNs are pointed out. <s> BIB001 </s> Survey of QoS routing protocols in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks <s> New Class of Algorithms with Appropriate Blend of <s> The recent technological advances in micro electro-mechanical systems have promoted the development of a powerful class of sensor-based distributed intelligent systems capable of ubiquitously retrieving multimedia information, namely Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). WMSNs are gaining more popularity day by day as they are envisioned to support a large number of both non-real time and real-time multimedia applications. However, satisfying the stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements of multimedia transmission in a resource-constrained sensor network environment places new challenges to routing. As an outcome, optimal energy and application-specific QoS aware routing for WMSNs has gained considerable research attention recently. In this paper, current state-of-the-art in energy-efficient routing techniques for WMSNs is surveyed together with the highlights of the performance issues of each strategy. We outline the design challenges of routing protocols for WMSNs followed by the limitations of current techniques designed for non-multimedia data transmission. Further, a classification of recent routing protocols for WMSNs and a discussion of possible future research trends are presented. <s> BIB002 </s> Survey of QoS routing protocols in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks <s> New Class of Algorithms with Appropriate Blend of <s> With rapid development of microelectronics and low-cost cost multimedia hardware, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have started to evolve into Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs), where the emphasis is given on acquisition, processing and transmission of multimedia content through WSN. While the idea of multimedia sensor networks has been existing for some time, very little research is performed in the area of hardware requirements for enabling WMSNs. One of the existing problems today is establishing desired Quality of Service (QoS) for multimedia streaming when using existing WSN hardware (not designed for multimedia use). In order to analyze QoS parameters for various WSN hardwares this paper proposes a QoS testbed with a developed application, designed for estimating critical QoS parameters. Demonstration of the proposed QoS testbed is performed on XBee WSN modules where the basic set of measurements and modeling is presented. From the obtained results it can be concluded that various parameters impact QoS parameters for multimedia streaming in WSN and by optimizing these parameters it is possible to maximize Quality of Service for multimedia streaming while minimizing error count and the packet latency. <s> BIB003 </s> Survey of QoS routing protocols in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks <s> New Class of Algorithms with Appropriate Blend of <s> Multimedia applications are gradually becoming an essential--and flourishing--part of our daily lives. The area of wireless sensor networks is not an exception to this trend, as multimedia data have attracted the attention of researchers. Their importance is due to the shift of focus from traditional scalar sensors to sensors equipped with multimedia devices, as well as to the next-generation wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). The highly sensitive nature of multimedia traffic makes data routing with security even more important in WMSNs. This paper discusses the challenges of secure routing in WMSNs, where most of the proposed works in the literature deal with routing and security as individual issues. A critical and comprehensive review of state-of-the-art routing and security approaches for WMSNs is presented, followed by the discussion of their limitations and features. It is hoped that this extensive review and discussion ultimately identifies the future research directions and the open challenges of secure routing approaches in WMSNs. <s> BIB004
Routing Metrics. For routing in WMSNs, ACO and game theory based class of algorithms are becoming prevalent. This class of algorithms are mostly multiobjective and adaptive in nature which are suitable for dynamic scenarios. Thus, exploring above class of algorithms can be a new area of research BIB002 BIB004 . Also, it is observed from this survey that the proper blend of routing metrics based cost function decides the performance and complexity of a QoS routing protocol. Metric based cost function modeled using more advance mathematical techniques can be developed to offer better routing performance BIB003 . In addition, WMSNs need to support both scalar as well as multimedia data traffic. Based on the types of application and the type of data traffic, routing should be tailored to guarantee QoS. New protocols for generic routing and adaptive cost functions can be developed to support different types of data traffic BIB001 .