Biometric Antispoofing Methods: A Survey in Face Recognition <s> 3) PRINT-ATTACK DB <s> A common technique to by-pass 2-D face recognition systems is to use photographs of spoofed identities. Unfortunately, research in counter-measures to this type of attack have not kept-up - even if such threats have been known for nearly a decade, there seems to exist no consensus on best practices, techniques or protocols for developing and testing spoofing-detectors for face recognition. We attribute the reason for this delay, partly, to the unavailability of public databases and protocols to study solutions and compare results. To this purpose we introduce the publicly available PRINT-ATTACK database and exemplify how to use its companion protocol with a motion-based algorithm that detects correlations between the person's head movements and the scene context. The results are to be used as basis for comparison to other counter-measure techniques. The PRINT-ATTACK database contains 200 videos of real-accesses and 200 videos of spoof attempts using printed photographs of 50 different identities. <s> BIB001 </s> Biometric Antispoofing Methods: A Survey in Face Recognition <s> 3) PRINT-ATTACK DB <s> Spoofing identities using photographs is one of the most common techniques to attack 2-D face recognition systems. There seems to exist no comparative studies of different techniques using the same protocols and data. The motivation behind this competition is to compare the performance of different state-of-the-art algorithms on the same database using a unique evaluation method. Six different teams from universities around the world have participated in the contest. Use of one or multiple techniques from motion, texture analysis and liveness detection appears to be the common trend in this competition. Most of the algorithms are able to clearly separate spoof attempts from real accesses. The results suggest the investigation of more complex attacks. <s> BIB002
The PRINT-ATTACK database BIB001 is publicly available from the IDIAP Research Institute website  . This database was used on the 2011 Competition on Countermeasures to 2D Facial Spoofing Attacks BIB002 . It consists of 200 videos of real accesses and 200 videos of print attack attempts from 50 different users. The database is divided into a train, a development and a test set which coincide with those used in the 2011 competition. Real and attack access video sequences were captured with a 320 × 240 pixel (QVGA) resolution camera of a MacBook laptop, at 25 frames-per-second with an average duration of around 10 seconds and stored in mov format. Videos were recorded under two different background and illumination conditions: i) controlled, with a uniform background and indoor homogeneous lighting coming from a fluorescent lamp; ii) adverse, in this case the background is not uniform (regular office-like background) and the scene has day-light illumination. Attacks were carried out with hard copies of high resolution photographs of the 50 users, printed on plain A4 paper with a Triumph-Adler DCC 2520 color laser printer. The photographs were taken during real access attempts, under the same illumination and background setting, with a 12.1 megapixel Canon PowerShot SX150 IS camera. For the attacks, printouts are held in front of the acquisition sensor (i.e., MacBook laptop camera) using two different supports: 10 http://www.idiap.ch/dataset/printattack hand-held attack (i.e., the intruder holds the photograph with his hands) or fixed support attack (i.e., pictures are stuck to the wall so that there is no movement).