A review on integrated process planning and scheduling <s> Introduction <s> This paper highlights the importance of integration between process planning and scheduling in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). An effective integration increases the potential for enhanced system performance and enhanced decision making. A framework that integrates flexible process plans with off-line (predictive) scheduling in FMS is presented. The flexibility in process planning, including process flexibility, sequence flexibility, and alternative machine tools, is discussed. The proposed framework consists of four integrated stages with the objective of reducing the completion time. The integrated stages include. 1. Machine tool sclection. 2. Process plan selection. 3. Scheduling. 4. Re-scheduling modules. In addition, the paper proposes a new approach, namely the Dissimilarity Maximisation Method (DMM). for selecting the appropriate process plans for a part mix where parts have alternative process plans. The recursive structure of the framework provides a different approach, namely overlapping schedules, which considers a longer scheduling period as comprising several short scheduling periods. Knowing that neither the process plans nor the planned (predicted) schedules are truly followed on the shop floor, the related literature and the corresponding approaches are compared in order to envisage new approaches for closing the gap between process planning and scheduling. <s> BIB001 </s> A review on integrated process planning and scheduling <s> Introduction <s> The objective of the research described is to develop an integrated process planning and scheduling system of machine products, aiming at realizing flexible production control in holonic manufacturing systems. The basic architecture of the holonic manufacturing system is discussed from the viewpoint of the integration of the process planning and the scheduling systems. Procedures are proposed to select suitable machining sequences of machining features and suitable sequences of machining equipment, taking into consideration future schedules of machining equipment. A combined method of genetic algorithm and dynamic programming is applied to selection of the machining sequence and the sequence of the machining equipment. <s> BIB002 </s> A review on integrated process planning and scheduling <s> Introduction <s> An Effective Approach for Distributed Process Planning Enabled by Event-Driven Function Blocks Web-based Polishing Process Planning Using Data Mining Techniques Integration of Rule-based Process Selection with Virtual Machining for Distributed Manufacturing Planning CyberCut: A Coordinated Pipeline of Design, Process Planning and Manufacture Process Planning, Scheduling and Control for One-of-a-Kind Production Setup Planning and Tolerance Analysis Scheduling in Holonic Manufacturing Systems Agent-based Dynamic Scheduling for Distributed Manufacturing A Multi-agent System Implementation of an Evolutionary Approach to Production Scheduling Distributed Scheduling in Multiple-factory Production with Machine Maintenance Resource Scheduling for a Virtual CIM System A Unified Model-based Integration of Process Planning and Scheduling A Study on Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling System for Holonic Manufacturing Managing Dynamic Demand Events in Semiconductor Manufacturing Chains by Optimal Control Modelling A Parameter Perturbation Approach to Replanning Operations STEP into Distributed Manufacturing with STEP-NC <s> BIB003
Process planning and scheduling used to link product design and manufacturing are two of the most important functions in a manufacturing system. A process plan specifies what manufacturing resources and technical operations/routes are needed to produce a product (a job). The outcome of process planning includes the identification of machines, tools and fixtures suitable for a job, and the arrangement of operations and processes for the job. Typically, a job may have one or more alternative process plans. With the process plans of jobs as input, a scheduling task is to schedule the operations of all the jobs on machines while precedence relationships in the process plans are satisfied BIB002 . Although there is a close relationship between process planning and scheduling, the integration of them is still a challenge in both research and applications. Process planning and scheduling are two key techniques of the development of distributed and collaborative manufacturing BIB003 . Although process planning can enhance productivity of manufacturing systems and scheduling can optimise process series, some researches showed that the separated process planning and scheduling systems could not improve the productivity of manufacturing system largely  BIB001 . In fact, IPPS can improve the productivity of the manufacturing system greatly. The purpose of this paper is to review the research works on IPPS. Various integration models and implementation methods are surveyed and summarised. And then, some future research trends are identified and discussed. The remainder of this paper is organised as follows. Section 2 discusses the background of study. Section 3 reviews the IPPS. Some future research trends and conclusions are reported in Section 4.