A Survey of Keystroke Dynamics Biometrics <s> Types of Authentication. <s> This paper describes a simple, software based keyboard monitoring system for the IBM PC for the continuous analysis of the typing characteristics of the user for the purpose of continuous authentication. By exploiting the electrical characteristics of the PC keyboard interface together with modifications to the internal system timer, very accurate measurements can be made of keystroke interval and duration, including measurements of rollover. Rollover patterns, particularly when typing common diphthongs, can be highly characteristic of individual users and provide quite an accurate indication of the users identity. <s> BIB001 </s> A Survey of Keystroke Dynamics Biometrics <s> Types of Authentication. <s> Techniques based on biometrics have been successfully applied to personal identification systems. Keystroke dynamics is a promising biometric technique to recognize an individual based on an analysis of his/her typing patterns. In this work, Mean and Standard Deviation of Latency, Duration and Digraph is measured as keystroke features. Optimization techniques such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are used for feature subset selection and their performance is compared. Particle Swarm Optimization gave moderate performance than Genetic Algorithm. Using the duration as the feature for feature subset selection is novel. <s> BIB002
Authentication in short is the process of verifying a person's legitimate right prior to the release of secure resources. Generally this is achieved by counterchecking unique information provided by an individual. This information can be broadly subdivided into three categories namely knowledge, token, and biometrics-based authentication as summarized in Table 1 and discussed as follow. 1.1.1. Knowledge. Knowledge commonly regard as something a person knows BIB001 , which generally resides in the form of texture or graphical password, personal identification number (PIN), and pattern code. Password-based authentication has been an established method for access control in variety of systems since the past three decades BIB002 . Cost effectiveness and simple implementation have been the forefront reasons for the continuous dominance of password. Nevertheless, the ability for it to provide confident and secure authentication has been wearing, due to reasons such as the wrongful use of password and increased intrusion attacks. Simple password is the primary choice when it comes to password selection, such as date of birth, nickname, initials, and regular dictionary words that is either easily guessed or hacked. To aggravate the situation, users always tend to use the same or similar password for multiple systems. These bad usage habits contribute to the deterioration of knowledge-based authentication quality.