A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Security Based Routing Surveys <s> We consider routing security in wireless sensor networks. Many sensor network routing protocols have been proposed, but none of them have been designed with security as a goal. We propose security goals for routing in sensor networks, show how attacks against ad-hoc and peer-to-peer networks can be adapted into powerful attacks against sensor networks, introduce two classes of novel attacks against sensor networks sinkholes and HELLO floods, and analyze the security of all the major sensor network routing protocols. We describe crippling attacks against all of them and suggest countermeasures and design considerations. This is the first such analysis of secure routing in sensor networks. <s> BIB001 </s> A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Security Based Routing Surveys <s> Routing protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been substantially investigated by researches. Most state-of-the-art surveys have focused on reviewing the different routing schemes that have been proposed for WSN and classifying them based on the network's type and protocol's operation. Security aspects in routing protocols have not been given enough attention, since most of the routing protocols in WSNs have not been designed with security requirements in mind. However, taking into consideration that WSN applications need to support critical infrastructures (i.e., military, healthcare, environmental, etc.), security becomes an issue. And since these infrastructures are highly depended on the availability of resources, focus has especially been given to support a secure, resilient and reliable environment, with multipath routing being one of the added functionalities. The need for security in sensitive WSN application has lead researchers to design secure multipath routing protocols from the beginning or design security extensions for existing protocols. This paper surveys the current state-of-the-art of secure multipath routing protocols in WSNs, classifies the protocols in categories according to their security-related operational objectives, defines a new threat model in the routing procedure and identifies open research issues in the area. <s> BIB002 </s> A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Security Based Routing Surveys <s> Wireless Sensor Networks is usually consisting of huge number of limited sensor devices which are communicated over the wireless media. As sensor devices are limited, the networks exposed to various kinds of attacks and conventional defenses against these attacks are not suitable due to the resource constrained. Therefore, security in WSNs is a challenging task due to inheritance limitations of sensors. As a result, many secure routing protocols are introduced such as secure multipath routing protocols to reduce the attacks. In this paper we focus at security issues concerns in WSNs and present a matrix that analysed the security factor provided by the secure multipath routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. <s> BIB003 </s> A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Security Based Routing Surveys <s> WSNs usually deployed in the targeted area to monitor or sense the environment and depending upon the application sensor node transmit the data to the base station. To relay the data intermediate nodes communicate together, select appropriate routing path and transmit data towards the base station. Routing path selection depends on the routing protocol of the network. Base station should receive unaltered and fresh data. To fulfill this requirement, routing protocol should beenergy-efficient and secure. Hierarchical or cluster-base routing protocol for WSNs is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. In this paper, we study different hierarchical routing technique for WSNs. Further we analyze and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria. <s> BIB004 </s> A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Security Based Routing Surveys <s> Swarm intelligence is a relatively novel field. It addresses the study of the collective behaviors of systems made by many components that coordinate using decentralized controls and self-organization. A large part of the research in swarm intelligence has focused on the reverse engineering and the adaptation of collective behaviors observed in natural systems with the aim of designing effective algorithms for distributed optimization. These algorithms, like their natural systems of inspiration, show the desirable properties of being adaptive, scalable, and robust. These are key properties in the context of network routing, and in particular of routing in wireless sensor networks. Therefore, in the last decade, a number of routing protocols for wireless sensor networks have been developed according to the principles of swarm intelligence, and, in particular, taking inspiration from the foraging behaviors of ant and bee colonies. In this paper, we provide an extensive survey of these protocols. We discuss the general principles of swarm intelligence and of its application to routing. We also introduce a novel taxonomy for routing protocols in wireless sensor networks and use it to classify the surveyed protocols. We conclude the paper with a critical analysis of the status of the field, pointing out a number of fundamental issues related to the (mis) use of scientific methodology and evaluation procedures, and we identify some future research directions. <s> BIB005 </s> A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Security Based Routing Surveys <s> Recently, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been deployed into a variety of applications including homeland security, military systems, and health care. Sensor nodes deployed in such networks are subject to several attacks such as sinkhole and select forwarding, wormhole, Hello flood, and replication attacks. Therefore, developing secure and energy-efficient routing protocols to protect WSNs against these attacks while efficiently utilizing the energy of the deployed nodes has become imperative. Several routing protocols have been proposed in the literature for WSNs. Most of these protocols assume static nodes and sinks to collect data from network fields. However, they may be highly movable, and recent advances show that mobile sensors in WSNs have a promising performance. Therefore, this paper surveys the state of the art on routing protocols related to WSNs and presents the security issues or problems associated with the current protocols as well as discusses the future trends and open research issues on secure routing protocols of WSNs. <s> BIB006 </s> A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Security Based Routing Surveys <s> Abstract In sensing data to the base station, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) face some security challenges since such networks impose resource constraints that need to be addressed by the routing mechanism. This paper surveys, explores, and informs researchers regarding the landscape of multipath routing by providing the motivation behind multipath routing deployment. Subsequently, this paper analyzes the security requirements and common attacks in wireless sensor networks. Also, we provide a classification of secure multipath routing protocols on the basis of nature of defense against the WSN attacks. According to the classification, we investigate the existing secure multipath routing protocols within the WSN domain by discussing their strengths and limitations. A comparative study of the suggested classification is presented based upon the multipath technique, additional security infrastructure, security requirements, corresponding attacks, and efficiency analysis in pursuit of effective secure routing in wireless sensor networks. <s> BIB007
The security based routing surveys discuss those protocols which may carry out threat prevention, intrusion detection or hybrid approach for dealing with various security threats (such as selective forwarding, hello-flood attacks, wormhole attacks, sinkhole attacks, sybil attacks, acknowledgment spoofing, neglect and greed attacks (Denial of Service (DoS)-based)) and accomplishing various basic security objectives (such as confidentiality, integrity, availability, authentication BIB001 and freshness of data). According to the nature of underlying security surveys for WSNs, they may be classified into four categories as discussed below: i In multipath based categorization, the classification metric is based on threat prevention, intrusion detection, hybrid or cryptographic, key management, authentication scheme and basic security requirements. ii In hierarchical based categorization, cluster-based protocols are classified on the basis of security goals, selection of security mechanism and prevention of security threats oriented requirements and objectives. iii In typical based categorization, the secure routing protocols are differentiated on the basis of key design issues such as node deployment, energy consumption, data-reporting model, fault-tolerance, scalability, robustness, load-management, data aggregation and QoS. iv In partial secure categorization, those surveys are delineated which, apart from mainly focusing on security, also discuss routing in WSNs. Such a security oriented routing is termed as secure routing. Considering the surveys with complete emphasis on routing, the authors in BIB002 BIB003 BIB007 , and BIB004  have mainly classified routing protocols into multipath, and hierarchical based secure categorization respectively. In  BIB001 BIB006 , the authors have classified routing protocols into security based typical categorization. The authors in  devise a metric that may determine fitness of different protocols to suitable WSNs applications. The authors in BIB001 BIB002 have put forth threat model while  employs key design issues of routing in WSNs that may help to compare secure multipath routing protocols. The threat model proposed in BIB002 is helpful in identifying the intentions and schemes of antagonist and the security issues in routing process. Such identifications may help the protocol designers to address them in a proper manner. However the survey does not provide any clear-cut and methodological framework like BIB005 that is helpful in state-of-the-art secure multipath routing protocols in WSNs. The surveys in  BIB003 BIB004  BIB006 BIB007 have discussed security issues and requirements of WSNs. Future research directions are outlined in  BIB002 BIB006 . Furthermore, 