A Systematic Literature Review about the impact of Artificial Intelligence on Autonomous Vehicle Safety <s> Shared moral values and ethical principles <s> Automation in transportation (rail, air, road, etc.) is becoming increasingly complex and interconnected. Ensuring that these sophisticated non-deterministic software systems can be trusted and remain resilient is a community concern. As technology evolves, systems are moving increasingly towards autonomy where the “machine” is intelligent: perceiving, deciding, learning, etc. often without human engagement. Our current mechanisms and policies for oversight and certification of these systems to ensure they operate robustly in safety-critical situations are not keeping pace with technology advancements. How is an autonomous system different than an advanced automatic system? How is trust different for an autonomous system? What are different perspectives on trust? Is it appropriate to apply the techniques used to establish trust in a today’s transportation systems to establishing trust in an autonomous system? This paper will examine these questions and propose a framework for discussing autonomy assurance and trust in transportation applications. We will explore further with two examples: 1) the notion of a self-driving taxi-cab; and 2) the evolution of a two-pilot flight deck, to single-pilot operations. <s> BIB001 </s> A Systematic Literature Review about the impact of Artificial Intelligence on Autonomous Vehicle Safety <s> Shared moral values and ethical principles <s> The future will see autonomous machines acting in the same environment as humans, in areas as diverse as driving, assistive technology, and health care. Think of self-driving cars, companion robots, and medical diagnosis support systems. We also believe that humans and machines will often need to work together and agree on common decisions. Thus hybrid collective decision making systems will be in great need. ::: ::: In this scenario, both machines and collective decision making systems should follow some form of moral values and ethical principles (appropriate to where they will act but always aligned to humans'), as well as safety constraints. In fact, humans would accept and trust more machines that behave as ethically as other humans in the same environment. Also, these principles would make it easier for machines to determine their actions and explain their behavior in terms understandable by humans. Moreover, often machines and humans will need to make decisions together, either through consensus or by reaching a compromise. This would be facilitated by shared moral values and ethical principles. <s> BIB002
General AI/ML Hybrid collective decision-making systems will be in great need BIB002 Autonomy assurance and trust (certification process) in Automated Transportation Systems Framework Proposition for the discussion around the topic General AI/ML Authors explored some of the unique challenges that autonomous transportation systems present with regard to traditional certification approaches such being nondeterministic and employing adaptive algorithms. Authors discussed the concept of multiparty trust and how it can be extended to a framework illustrating the relationships between disparate roles. Two thought experiments showed that building and maintaining trust in the perception and judgment of increasingly autonomous systems will be a challenge for the transportation community. BIB001 Evaluate the impacts of the number of highly automated vehicles on future traffic safety and traffic flow [68]