Technical Feasibility of Hermetia illucens in Integrated Waste Management, Renovated with Sewage Water, an Overview <s> Conclusion <s> This paper presents an examination of MSW generation and composition in China, providing an overview of the current state of MSW management, an analysis of existing problems in MSW collection, separation, recycling and disposal, and some suggestions for improving MSW systems in the future. In China, along with urbanization, population growth and industrialization, the quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation has been increasing rapidly. The total MSW amount increased from 31.3 million tonnes in 1980 to 212 million tonnes in 2006, and the waste generation rate increased from 0.50 kg/capita/day in 1980 to 0.98 kg/capita/year in 2006. Currently, waste composition in China is dominated by a high organic and moisture content, since the concentration of kitchen waste in urban solid waste makes up the highest proportion (at approximately 60%) of the waste stream. The total amount of MSW collected and transported was 148 million tonnes in 2006, of which 91.4% was landfilled, 6.4% was incinerated and 2.2% was composted. The overall MSW treatment rate in China was approximately 62% in 2007. In 2007, there were 460 facilities, including 366 landfill sites, 17 composing plants, and 66 incineration plants. This paper also considers the challenges faced and opportunities for MSW management in China, and a number of recommendations are made aimed at improving the MSW management system. <s> BIB001 </s> Technical Feasibility of Hermetia illucens in Integrated Waste Management, Renovated with Sewage Water, an Overview <s> Conclusion <s> Food futurists accept that sustainability-minded humanity will increasingly incorporate insects as alternative protein. The most studied and easily reared species are not necessarily the most sustainable, acceptable, or delicious. Here, we review the literature on the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, which is capable of efficiently converting a wide variety of organic materials, from food waste to manure, into insect biomass. They can be grown and harvested without dedicated facilities and are not pestiferous. Their larvae are 42% crude protein and 29% fat, although they are higher in saturated fats than most insects. They do not concentrate pesticides or mycotoxins. They are already grown and recommended for use as animal feed, but with regional legal restrictions on how this is done. For commercial use in human foods, larvae could potentially be milled and converted into a textured protein with a strong flavor. Their biggest advantage over other insects is their ability to convert waste into food, generating value and closing nutrient loops as they reduce pollution and costs. This general advantage is also their greatest disadvantage, for the social stigmas and legal prohibitions against eating organisms that eat waste are added to extant taboos facing insect consumption. <s> BIB002
During the past decades, plenty of biological treatment methods have been practiced in order to achieve the optimum bioconversion and stabilization associated with maximum valorization by means of synthesizing value added co-products, which can further make the technology economically feasible. Though all the technologies were capable of converting the bio-waste quite effectively, in most of the methods, the ultimate goal of sustainability has found to be under considerable threat. The feasibility of black soldier fly larvae as a conversion agent for various organic wastes has been emphasized in this review. The aim of this review is to establish the superiority of BSFL composting over other existing techniques based on a comparative analysis method. The review also encompasses a detailed discussion on the benefits and drawbacks of the BSF technique based on numerous preceding studies, which highlights the expediency of the mechanism as per the present market requirement. Although, the ultimate success of the project significantly relies on some certain factors such as availability of fund, maintenance and operational cost, source segregation (i.e. for MSW), waste characteristics, and waste generation rate etc. which further influences the end product quality  . The principal selection criteria of a certain technique also include the valorization of the end-products, depending on its requirement and market value. In this context BSFL composting surpass the existing and conventional techniques by a considerable margin. Hereof, a possible collaboration between the local body and private non-profit organizations may lead to the com- Open Access Library Journal mercial success of BSFL composting, though the assessment of local condition is quite mandatory. Although the concept of "waste is a misplaced resource" has been established among the literate people, but still, a greater fraction of the society has a psychological barrier to endorse the waste-derived products as a substitution to the similar virgin goods BIB002 . Zhang et al. BIB001 worked on the aspect of implementation in China and concluded that the development of market and technology transfer can make this technique dominant over the other methods. At the end, more sophisticated and holistic approach towards waste treatment renovated with technology up-gradation is obligatory for lower middle-income nations.