A Survey on Efforts to Evolve the Control Plane of Inter-Domain Routing <s> Conflicts and Uncertainty in Inter-Domain Routing Policies <s> Traffic engineering is an important mechanism for Internet network providers seeking to optimize network performance and traffic delivery. Routing optimization plays a key role in traffic engineering, finding efficient routes so as to achieve the desired network performance. In this survey we review Internet traffic engineering from the perspective of routing optimization. A taxonomy of routing algorithms in the literature is provided, dating from the advent of the TE concept in the late 1990s. We classify the algorithms into multiple dimensions: unicast/multicast, intra-/inter- domain, IP-/MPLS-based and offline/online TE schemes. In addition, we investigate some important traffic engineering issues, including robustness, TE interactions, and interoperability with overlay selfish routing. In addition to a review of existing solutions, we also point out some challenges in TE operation and important issues that are worthy of investigation in future research activities. <s> BIB001 </s> A Survey on Efforts to Evolve the Control Plane of Inter-Domain Routing <s> Conflicts and Uncertainty in Inter-Domain Routing Policies <s> In this paper, we review why BGP is a poor candidate to facilitate the next generation of Software Defined Networks (SDN) and propose the Interdomain Management Layer (IML) architecture, a framework for facilitating interdomain resource sharing between these networks. IML uses a concept we call horizontal slicing, that allows SDN networks to become autonomous peers with other ASes, while maintaining centralized, operator-facing policy control and end-to- end flow control across interdomain boundaries. <s> BIB002 </s> A Survey on Efforts to Evolve the Control Plane of Inter-Domain Routing <s> Conflicts and Uncertainty in Inter-Domain Routing Policies <s> Autonomous systems provide network control without external monitoring. This can be a problem when the traffic is asymmetric with a higher portion being inbound, as networks are generally designed for symmetrical loads. This problem occurs frequently in networks within South American countries as the inbound and outbound portions of traffic are unbalanced by a factor greater than 5:1. Furthermore, national content is usually hosted in the USA, exacerbating the problem. In this study, networks in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela are analyzed and characterized. Decision-making techniques are proposed as a tentative external control method or, in some cases, as a proactive attempt to interfere in an internal decision. Our new adaptive algorithm outperformed manual human intervention, which has potential utility to assist long-term capacity planning of the interconnection between autonomous systems. <s> BIB003 </s> A Survey on Efforts to Evolve the Control Plane of Inter-Domain Routing <s> Conflicts and Uncertainty in Inter-Domain Routing Policies <s> The border gateway protocol (BGP) is the Internet’s default inter-domain routing protocol that manages connectivity among autonomous systems (ASes). Over the past two decades many anomalies of BGP have been identified that threaten its stability and reliability. This survey discusses and classifies these anomalies and discusses the 20 most significant techniques used to identify them. Our classification is based on the broad category of approach, BGP features used to identify the anomaly, effectiveness in identifying the anomaly and effectiveness in identifying which AS was the location of the event that caused the anomaly. We also discuss a number of key requirements for the next generation of BGP anomaly detection techniques. <s> BIB004
The BGP incorporated routing and policy requirements into one seamless protocol. For inter-domain routing, each BGP router has its own view of the network state and applies routing policies based on its local configuration. This led to the concept of the routing policy, which can be understood as how routing decisions are made to compose the network reachability state BIB004 . The difference between routing and policy control is that the first is more related to an engineering effort and the second is strictly about business BIB002 . Both functions are embedded into the BGP current protocol version, despite the fact that its original design was only for routing purposes. Moreover, different types of ASs deploy different types of routing policies into their domains, and that diversity of policies can eventually lead to conflicted ones. An example is the application of inbound traffic engineering techniques using the BGP techniques. The main idea of an AS to control its inbound traffic is to fulfil the AS' businesses interests. However, applying the BGP mechanisms for inbound traffic control (such as Selective advertisement or AS-path prepending BIB001 ) is a counter-productive approach because it is not possible to guarantee the effectiveness of the desirable results. In fact, the BGP techniques try to influence the routing decisions of external ASs, in order to obtain their desired inbound traffic distribution. Hence, a network operator that uses those approaches leads to a trial-and-error process, since other ASs can easily ignore or withdraw the BGP suggestions coming through BGP update messages. Indeed, the problem of inter-domain routing traffic engineering can be seen as a conflicting one, in which the interactions between ASs can be modeled as game theory and nonlinear programming BIB001 . Besides, it is very tricky to discover what the network traffic distribution of the inter-domain environment will be when policies between domains have to change. The prediction of how much bandwidth will be consumed or how the traffic will be distributed when a domain desires to change its inter-domain routing policies for a given prefix are difficult to estimate BIB003 . Therefore, proposals to evolve the control plane of inter-domain routing have to provide schemes, mechanisms or protocols to overcome the BGP limitations to express new and refined policies that avoid conflicts and uncertainty in the inter-domain routing policies.