Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> J. ROUTING AND MAC RELATED ISSUES <s> We propose a novel cross layer solution for optimizing the performance of multiple users, which are concurrently transmitting their delay-sensitive video streams over the same shared contention-based wireless LAN. To improve the performance of their applications, they dynamically adapt their medium access control (MAC) strategies (i.e., retry limits). Higher retry limits will benefit the user, but they will also lead to an increased congestion for the other users. Hence, we explicitly consider how the cross layer strategy adopted by one video user will impact the strategies of the competing users. Specifically, we analytically model how the cross layer transmission strategies adopted by each wireless user impact their own incurred distortion and delay but also that of their competing wireless stations. We also propose a distributed, low-complexity, and highly scalable optimization algorithm which can maximize the utility of the delay-sensitive video application. We compare our scheme to existing retry limit-based solutions, and the simulation results show that the proposed solution can outperform these solutions and maximize the users' utilities in a highly congested multiuser wireless environment. <s> BIB001 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> J. ROUTING AND MAC RELATED ISSUES <s> To cope with the rapid growth of multimedia applications that requires dynamic levels of quality of service (QoS), cross-layer (CL) design, where multiple protocol layers are jointly combined, has been considered to provide diverse QoS provisions for mobile multimedia networks. However, there is a lack of a general mathematical framework to model such CL scheme in wireless networks with different types of multimedia classes. In this paper, to overcome this shortcoming, we therefore propose a novel CL design for integrated real-time/non-real-time traffic with strict preemptive priority via a finite-state Markov chain. The main strategy of the CL scheme is to design a Markov model by explicitly including adaptive modulation and coding at the physical layer, queuing at the data link layer, and the bursty nature of multimedia traffic classes at the application layer. Utilizing this Markov model, several important performance metrics in terms of packet loss rate, delay, and throughput are examined. In addition, our proposed framework is exploited in various multimedia applications, for example, the end-to-end real-time video streaming and CL optimization, which require the priority-based QoS adaptation for different applications. More importantly, the CL framework reveals important guidelines as to optimize the network performance. <s> BIB002 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> J. ROUTING AND MAC RELATED ISSUES <s> Multiple image/video source neighbors in modern wireless systems such as device-to-device (D2D) networks can significantly improve multimedia quality of experience (QoE) in content sharing. However, the exploration of multisource diversity in multimedia communications has largely been overlooked in the past. In this paper, we propose a new scheme to improve user equipment's (UE) multimedia QoE by optimizing the source traffic dispatching and resource allocation strategies from multiple UE sources in cross-layer wireless D2D networks while assuring the latency constraint. This approach results in two major contributions. First, the proposed approach optimally controls the source server traffic for each multimedia packet with regard to distortion reduction (e.g., quality contribution) and the channel conditions. Second, optimal packet retry limits are adjusted on each direct D2D communication link to achieve effective but unequal resource allocation. Simulation results show that the cross-layer collaborative source-level traffic control and protocol-level resource optimization strategy improve D2D multimedia transmission quality. <s> BIB003 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> J. ROUTING AND MAC RELATED ISSUES <s> While achieving promising performance, there are still many challenges for the long term evolution advanced networks to offer support for the evolving multimedia services, especially in current big multimedia data era. The conventional multimedia communication schemes tend to serve all group members with the data rate supported by the receiver under the worst channel condition, which, however, may not provide satisfactory quality of service (QoS) for all receivers. In this paper, we propose a cluster-oriented device-to-device (D2D) multimedia communication scheme for multimedia services, which extends the conventional scheme with additional D2D communication to increase the total system data rate and thus provide satisfactory QoS for all receivers. In the proposed scheme, we jointly consider the power, bandwidth, and link selection optimization. To derive the optimal solution, we decompose the whole optimization problem into three subproblems. Specifically, we first formulate the power allocation problem as a Stackelberg game by fixing the bandwidth and D2D links as parameters, where the players are the multimedia server (MS) and the candidate D2D transmitter. The MS is the buyer who buys the power from the candidate D2D transmitter for D2D transmission and the candidate D2D transmitter is the seller who earns reward by helping the MS with the D2D transmission. Through analyzing the game, we derive the Stackelberg equilibrium as the optimal power allocation. Then, with the optimal power allocation, we optimize the bandwidth allocation and link selection by maximizing the MS's utility function. Finally, simulations are conducted to validate the proposed scheme. <s> BIB004 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> J. ROUTING AND MAC RELATED ISSUES <s> Massive multimedia services have been considered as one the most prominent characteristics for smart cities. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient content delivery system via the device-to-device communications, which realizes the large-scale content delivery among mobile devices with constrained energy, unpredictable demand, limited storage, random mobility, and opportunistic transmission. The highlights of this paper lie in two parts. On the theoretical end, through exploring the relationship among the coding, storage, and transmission, a systematic energy-saving content delivery fashion is investigated. On the technical end, a totally distributed content delivery system is designed in a simple and efficient manner, in which each device only utilizes local information to make decisions and implements its own scheme individually. Importantly, the proposed scheme is realized in a practical smart city system, and numerical results demonstrate that it is flexible to various users’ needs and communication environments. <s> BIB005 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> J. ROUTING AND MAC RELATED ISSUES <s> To enable the internet of things (IoT) devices with increased coverage and optimized power consumption, the 3rd generation partnership (3GPP) standardizes the idea of narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) technology in the fifth generation (5G) of cellular communication. Re-transmission of control and data packets due to a poor link between user equipment (UE) and the base station (BS), is considered as one of the key feature in NB-IoT to ensure the data delivery of delay-sensitive applications, e.g. ambulance services and body sensor networks (BSN). This phenomenon degrades the energy efficiency of the already resource constrained systems. One key solution for NB-IoT UE is to exploit the device-to-device (D2D) communication using two hops instead of transmitting on a direct uplink, due to which the system performance increases. In an attempt to transmit the NB-IoT UE uplink data packet, splendid researchers have focused towards developing a D2D communication based strategy, which typically optimizes the expected packet delivery ratio (EDR) and end-to-end delay (EED) through an opportunistic method. However, such methodology imposes an additional delay due to the unavailability of active relaying nodes and increases the overall energy consumption of the system. This necessitates us to design an intelligent deterministic D2D (2D2D) relay selection strategy for delay sensitive NB-IoT UEs. The EDR and EED have been improved using deterministic programming based algorithm. Simulations with various parameters are carried out, and results are presented. Simulation results show that the deterministic algorithm gives better performance with a 10% increase in EDR and overcomes the additional delay. <s> BIB006
The routing and MAC layer protocols for M-IoT exploit QoS metrics to make their routing or medium access decisions. Cross-layer protocols provide multi-layer metrics for better decisions to select route and access medium for multimedia data in a wireless network BIB002 , BIB001 . Cross-layer metrics evaluation for user satisfaction of multimedia data (QoE) has not been thoroughly explored BIB003 . Selecting route and medium by evaluating cross-layer and mapping them with the user's QoE will enhance the performance and lifetime of the M-IoT network. D2D communication provides an efficient routing and medium access extension for the delivery of multimedia content in a smart city BIB004 - BIB006 . Due to bandwidth scarcity and delay the urgency of multimedia data, D2D supports a proficient mechanism to reduce PLR, latency, and power consumption BIB005 . D2D communication as a routing and medium extension can be investigated for M-IoT. Lightweight ML algorithms like reinforcement learning do not consume a significant amount of energy. IoT devices equipped with these ML approaches for efficient route and medium selection. DL learning algorithms could be implemented on edge devices to extract multimedia features and map them with routing and MAC metrics to achieve better user's QoE of multimedia content in IoT. To the best of our knowledge, no substantial amount of work has been proposed in this domain.