Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> Process based approach <s> Abstract The focus on supply chain management has increased in recent years; among academics as well as among practitioners. In this paper, we present a supply chain simulation study for a real case, concerned with the manufacturing of mobile communication systems. The purpose of the study is twofold. One objective is to evaluate alternative supply chain designs with respect to quality, lead-times and costs as the key performance parameters. A second objective is to increase the understanding of the interrelationships among these and other parameters, relevant for the design of the supply chain structure. The design alternatives differ in terms of the level of integration and synchronisation between supply chain stages. Modelling and validation issues are highlighted since these are fundamental to a supply chain simulation study. The results are discussed and a model capturing the relationships among cost, quality, and lead-times, based on the simulation study, is presented. <s> BIB001 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> Process based approach <s> Aside from lean management and business process re-engineering, a new management approach for optimizing logistics organization is gaining recognition: supply chain management.An essential precondition to benefit from supplychain management is a structured analysis of the network-specific optimization opportunities. Opportunities are derived from suboptimal inner- and cross-organisational business processes and the related material, information and capital flows. The paper describes a supply chain analysis approach and proposes a measurement methodology integrating bottom-up and top-down performance measures as a hybrid balanced measurement approach. <s> BIB002 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> Process based approach <s> Supply chain management has become such a popular topic in modern business management and researches. It brings the revolutionary philosophy and approach to manage the business with the sustained competitiveness. However, the existing performance measurement theory fails to provide its necessary support in strategy development, decision making, and performance improvement. This paper attempts to propose an innovative performance measurement method to contribute to the development of supply chain management. A process‐based systematic perspective is employed to build an effective model to measure the holistic performance of complex supply chains. Fuzzy set theory is introduced to address the real situation in judgment and evaluation processes. The main framework of this method is outlined with some suggestions and a simple example. <s> BIB003 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> Process based approach <s> Nowadays more than ever, supply chain management has gained a tremendous amount of attention from both the academic and practitioner communities. It provides a revolutionary management philosophy to cope with the increasing business competition and economy globalization. However, there exist many puzzles, especially in structure mapping and analysis, and performance measurement. The objective of this paper is to propose a process‐based approach to mapping and analyzing the practically complex supply chain network. Via this approach, a process‐based performance measurement system is proposed, in which a method called performance of activity is used to identify the performance measures and metrics. <s> BIB004 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> Process based approach <s> The performance of a supply chain over a number of time periods is examined based on a framework that identifies the activity categories critical for the effective management of the supply chain. Each activity category is characterised by a set of relevant attributes. Using the information on the supply chain's performance with respect to those attributes and the attributes' relative importance distribution, two performance measurement methods, data envelopment analysis (DEA) and operational competitiveness rating analysis (OCRA), are applied to obtain the supply chain's overall performance profile. An example supply chain that is modelled on a global electronic component distributor's supply chain is presented to illustrate the application and comparison of DEA and OCRA for gauging the performance of a supply chain. <s> BIB005 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> Process based approach <s> This study deals with the supply chain (SC) performance formalization. We propose to build performance measurement systems (PMSs) by linking an overall performance expression to elementary ones. The overall performance is associated to a global objective whose break-down provides elementary objectives. Elementary performances are thus aggregated in a corollary way. The problem in the design of such PMS's, by the break-down/aggregation model, concerns both the coherent elementary performance expressions and the definition of the links between them. Some answers are proposed in the literature, such as the weighted mean aggregation operator, to handle hierarchical links, the Choquet integral operator, for taking interactions into account. As global frameworks, the AHP or MACBETH methodologies are suggested. By considering the SCOR model break-down, we propose to extend here the proposed approaches for expressing the overall performance of a SC. An aggregation methodology, based on the Choquet integral operator and MACBETH framework, is thus adopted. <s> BIB006 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> Process based approach <s> Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated supply chain performance measurement framework for the case of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) using set of qualitative and quantitative insights gained during the case study research.Design/methodology/approach – This paper develops the supply chain performance measurement framework using the facts revealed through case study analysis, secondary data specific to various SME clusters in India and detailed contemporary studies reported on supply chain management in SMEs. It integrates the salient features of balanced scorecard (BSC) and supply chain operation reference (SCOR) model to deliver a comprehensive performance measurement framework for SMEs.Findings – This paper reports set of performance indicators for the supply chain processes like “source,” “make,” and “deliver” in SMEs. It also relates the measures with various supply chain cycles like “procurement,” “manufacturing,” “replenishment,” and “customer order.” As a result, ... <s> BIB007 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> Process based approach <s> The purpose of this paper is to outline a new holistic approach for identifying and prioritising supply chain performance measures according to their importance in the evaluation of value-added activities in the entire supply chain. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique was used for Pairwise comparisons of main supply chain functions, processes and criteria. A questionnaire consisting of comparison tables of all functions was designed based on the AHP methodology and structured interviews were conducted with expert managers of four large Iranian companies. Total weights of each function and its processes in generating value towards the entire supply chain were calculated and their priorities were identified. Total weight of each criterion in evaluating the performance of supply chain was also calculated and a short list of the most important, practical and strategic performance measures is proposed to help managers and practitioners in analysing their supply chains. <s> BIB008 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> Process based approach <s> Developing a sound performance measurement model is a critical task for a supply chain and its members in order to examine their current status and identify improvement opportunities for steering their future direction. This research proposes an integrated framework for supply chain performance measurement. It adopts the six-sigma metrics and includes three components (i.e., team structure measurement, supply chain process measurement, and output measurement) to provide a more complete coverage of performance requisites, which has not been adequately addressed in relevant literatures before. Also, a case is applied to demonstrate the feasibility of the model. Complying with the application of this framework, the whole chain or individual members in a supply chain can advance the performance in a more effective way. <s> BIB009 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> Process based approach <s> Performance measures of a multi-echelon Supply Chain (SC) assist SC Managers in making strategic decisions. The measures associated with an inter-organisational SC are an aggregation of the performance measures of the SC members. However, two types of dependencies exist in a multi-echelon SC: intra- and inter-organisational. The former type accounts for the relationship between various parts or departments of a firm, while the latter accounts for the influence of one organisation upon another. Traditional hierarchical techniques are inaccurate to use as an aggregation method for the performance measures as they do not account for dependency. The level of dependency within and among firms needs to be determined. In this paper, a two-dimensional approach is taken using the analytical hierarchy process with the analytical network process to overcome the deficiency with a hierarchical approach. <s> BIB010
Fourteen out of forty two articles (33.33%) applied this approach in the performance evaluation process. Some SC models are developed based on their process. Process based refer to those that take SC as a set of processes (such as manufacturing, logistic, inventory management and etc.) and sub processes which are composed of a set of activities. This fact that supply chain management is a set of management processes has been recognized by many other researchers, such as La  and  . Dasgupta (2003) and BIB009 constructed their models based on SC processes and sub processes and used six-sigma metrics to evaluates the performance across the entire supply chain. BIB001 in order to evaluate alternative SC designs, considered the structure of SC as a set of processes. The study is run in a real case of mobile communication industry. BIB003 proposed a cross boundary process-based model with the idea of managing key processes of supply chains. In other work BIB004 they have studied the feasibility of PMS in supply chain based on process-based approach and measures. The authors proposed a process based approach, with the objective of identifying the participants and analyzing the network structure of supply chain.  applied two process based model SCOR andChan and Qifor demonstrating their model. BIB007 used SCOR processes at the various levels to report set of performance measures for the supply chain processes in Small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs). BIB002 applied a process oriented approach and proposed a measurement methodology integrating bottom-up and top-down performance measures as a hybrid balanced measurement approach. BIB008 proposed a hierarchical model for prioritizing SC performance metrics, which decomposed supply chain to processes and sub processes according to the scope and the involved activities. Gunasekaran et al (2001) and  presented a framework for performance measures and metrics, considering the four major supply chain processes (plan, source, make/assemble, and deliver). BIB005 addressed the process based framework proposed by  for using in measurement of SC performance over a number of time periods. BIB006 modeled supply chain according to the SCOR model, with its five main processes. Then they had built their PMSs by linking an overall performance expression to elementary ones. BIB010 studied SC performance metrics from two aspects of enterprise level and facility level and applied SCOR processes and metrics in the proposed multi-level model.