A Survey Report on Operating Systems for Tiny Networked Sensors <s> III. OPERATING SYSTEMS FOR WSN <s> A wireless sensor network (WSN) has important applications such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking. This has been enabled by the availability, particularly in recent years, of sensors that are smaller, cheaper, and intelligent. These sensors are equipped with wireless interfaces with which they can communicate with one another to form a network. The design of a WSN depends significantly on the application, and it must consider factors such as the environment, the application's design objectives, cost, hardware, and system constraints. The goal of our survey is to present a comprehensive review of the recent literature since the publication of [I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci, A survey on sensor networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002]. Following a top-down approach, we give an overview of several new applications and then review the literature on various aspects of WSNs. We classify the problems into three different categories: (1) internal platform and underlying operating system, (2) communication protocol stack, and (3) network services, provisioning, and deployment. We review the major development in these three categories and outline new challenges. <s> BIB001 </s> A Survey Report on Operating Systems for Tiny Networked Sensors <s> III. OPERATING SYSTEMS FOR WSN <s> This paper presents a survey on the current state-of-the-art in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Operating Systems (OSs). In recent years, WSNs have received tremendous attention in the research community, with applications in battlefields, industrial process monitoring, home automation, and environmental monitoring, to name but a few. A WSN is a highly dynamic network because nodes die due to severe environmental conditions and battery power depletion. Furthermore, a WSN is composed of miniaturized motes equipped with scarce resources e.g., limited memory and computational abilities. WSNs invariably operate in an unattended mode and in many scenarios it is impossible to replace sensor motes after deployment, therefore a fundamental objective is to optimize the sensor motes’ life time. These characteristics of WSNs impose additional challenges on OS design for WSN, and consequently, OS design for WSN deviates from traditional OS design. The purpose of this survey is to highlight major concerns pertaining to OS design in WSNs and to point out strengths and weaknesses of contemporary OSs for WSNs, keeping in mind the requirements of emerging WSN applications. The state-of-the-art in operating systems for WSNs has been examined in terms of the OS Architecture, Programming Model, Scheduling, Memory Management and Protection, Communication Protocols, Resource Sharing, Support for Real-Time Applications, and additional features. These features are surveyed for both real-time and non-real-time WSN operating systems. <s> BIB002
The nature of wireless sensor networks is highly dynamic because the nodes in the network are seriously affected by either due to different environmental conditions or power consumptions by the network. A WSN is composed of sensor nodes, which is very resource constrained in terms of energy, memory and processing. Optimization of life of a sensor node is a fundamental challenge because in most of the scenario WSN is deployed where it is not possible to attend the nodes and also to replace a sensor node after deployment is complex BIB002 . Compared to traditional, contemporary processing units a microcontroller used in WSN node operates at very low frequency and having limited processing capabilities. To address these kind of above said issues, the need for a smart operating system is desired BIB001 . The OS always acts as a resource manager and its main objective is to maximize resource utilizations. An OS is responsible for resource allocation among users and it is further achieved by managing users in a controlled and orderly manner. An OS provides the interface to the physical world by providing an abstraction to the sensor node. Characteristics of WSNs impose a set of additional challenges to the OS designer. The design of OS should be such that it supports the maximum resource utilization in an optimized way. The following coming section covers widely used OS for embedded devices and WSNs in academic researches and commercial applications as well. We further summarize a comparative study based on features of different OSs in figure 6 , which are popularly known and is based on the studies BIB002 ,  .