Overview of Scene Change Detection- Application to <s> SCENE CHANGE DETECTION FOR WATERMARKING <s> A simple and efficient watermark method is proposed in this paper. The watermark method is an excellent technique to protect the copyright ownership of a digital image. The proposed watermark method is built up on the concept of visual cryptography. According to the proposed method, the watermark pattern does not have to be embedded into the original image directly, which makes it harder to detect or recover from the marked image in an illegal way. It can be retrieved from the marked image without making comparison with the original image. The notary also can off-line adjudge the ownership of the suspect image by this method. The watermark pattern can be any significant black/white image that can be used to typify the owner. Experimental results show that the watermark pattern in the marked image has good transparency and robustness. By the proposed method, all the pixels of the marked image are equal to the original image. <s> BIB001 </s> Overview of Scene Change Detection- Application to <s> SCENE CHANGE DETECTION FOR WATERMARKING <s> Digital watermarking involves embedding copyright marks (watermarks), often imperceptibly, in multimedia objects to enhance or protect their value. In this paper we describe a novel watermarking algorithm suitable for video coding techniques such as MPEG-4 and H.263/H.324 and we test it in a wireless environment. The proposed algorithm satisfies critical properties not all of which are available in previous solutions. These properties include: resistance (robustness) of the embedded watermark to the error-prone nature of wireless channels as well as to video frame loss or misplacement, negligible probability of reading a non-embedded watermark, non-degradation of the marked video sequence and the possibility to mark video objects (e.g., MPEG-4 objects) in a single frame separately. Experimental results are given that show how these and other properties are achieved when video sequences are corrupted with errors that are typical of a wireless channel. <s> BIB002 </s> Overview of Scene Change Detection- Application to <s> SCENE CHANGE DETECTION FOR WATERMARKING <s> In the early days, encryption and control access techniques were used to protect the ownership of media. Recently, the watermark techniques are utilized to keep the copyright of media. Digital watermarking, a concept of embedding a special pattern, uses an algorithm of inserting a watermark to protect the copyright of media. It has recently become important in various application areas. The various of watermark techniques have been proposed by many authors in the last several years. However, there are not enough analysis and comparison on the previous researches. In this paper, for the understanding of the previous works and for the future related research, the authors try to classify and analyze the conventional watermark techniques from the various points of view. Currently watermark techniques based on the transfer domain, are more popular than those of the spatial domain. DCT-based methods have been most widely used among the transform based methods. However, recently wavelet-based watermark techniques are becoming the main research topic. With wide use of the internet, effective audio and video watermarking researches are also required. <s> BIB003 </s> Overview of Scene Change Detection- Application to <s> SCENE CHANGE DETECTION FOR WATERMARKING <s> In this paper we propose a novel approach to insertion of watermark in the video sequences. The proposed scheme is based on visual cryptography and performs temporal scrambling for watermark embedding. Watermark, which may be a visible logo, is frequently split and inserted into video frames. Watermark detection can be verified by the human eye. Inserted watermark is expected to resist collusion attack, which is a major concern in video watermarking. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides a high resilience against some non-hostile video processing schemes, such as geometrical distortions. <s> BIB004
The success of the segmentation approach depends largely on how well the video materials are divided into segments or shots. A shot is defined as a part of the video that results from one continuous recording by a single camera. A scene is composed of a number of shots, while a television broadcast consists of a collection of scenes. The gap between two shots is called a shot boundary. There are mainly four different types of common shot boundaries within shots. These are A cut , A fade, A dissolve & A wipe. There have been a number of various approaches to handle different shot boundaries  .  Shot Boundary Detection based on Color Diagrams  Edge Detection  Shot Boundary Detection Using Macroblocks Therefore for the watermarking scheme, some scene change analysis were proposed,which were based on Abrupt scene change detection and were robust against the attacks of frame dropping, averaging and statistical analysis, but were not solved effectively in the past BIB003 BIB001 BIB004 .Moreover, a second approach is proposed by Kintu patel et al ,which can improve the robustness of the watermarking scheme. In this sceme , A video and a watermark are taken as the input, and the color binary watermark is then decomposed into different components(R,G,B) which are embedded in corresponding components of frames of the original color video. As applying a fixed image watermark to each frame in the video leads to the problem of maintaining statistical and perceptual invisibility, this scheme employs independent watermarks for successive but different scenes. However, applying independent watermarks to each frame also presents a problem if regions in each video frame remain little or no motion frame after frame. These motionless regions may be statistically compared or averaged to remove the independent watermarks  . Consequencely , it uses an identical watermark within each motionless scene. With these mechanisms, this method is robust against the attacks of frame dropping, averaging, swapping, and statistical analysis. The first approach tested at Dublin was a shot detection based on color histograms. They computed frame-to-frame similarities based on colors which appeared within them, albeit of the relative positions of those colors in the frame. After computing the inter-frame similarities, a threshold can be used to indicate shot boundaries. It needs dynamic threshold to work on other effects than simple shot boundaries BIB002 . To extract robust frame difference from consecutive frames, it uses verified x2 test which shows good performance comparing existing histogram based algorithm and to increase detection effect of color value subdivision work, color histogram comparison using the weight of brightness grade. Also to reduce the loss of spatial information and to solve the problem for two different frames to have similar histogram, we used local histogram comparison. The scene-based watermarking scheme is robust against various attacks because it does not require original video as well as watermarked video for original video and watermark video recovery as it has used blind technique for watermarking according to scene change algorithm. This scheme gives the perfect solution for where to do watermarking in video thus it will become robust against every attack.