Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> HIERARCHICAL BASED MEASURE-MENT MODEL OR BREAK-DOWN/AGGRE-GATION MODEL <s> Aside from lean management and business process re-engineering, a new management approach for optimizing logistics organization is gaining recognition: supply chain management.An essential precondition to benefit from supplychain management is a structured analysis of the network-specific optimization opportunities. Opportunities are derived from suboptimal inner- and cross-organisational business processes and the related material, information and capital flows. The paper describes a supply chain analysis approach and proposes a measurement methodology integrating bottom-up and top-down performance measures as a hybrid balanced measurement approach. <s> BIB001 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> HIERARCHICAL BASED MEASURE-MENT MODEL OR BREAK-DOWN/AGGRE-GATION MODEL <s> The supply chain is an important element in logistics development for all industries. It can improve efficiency and effectiveness of not only product transfer, but also information sharing between the complex hierarchy of all the tiers. There is no systematic grouping of the different performance measures in the existing literatures. This paper presents the formulisation of both quantitative and qualitative performance measurements for easy representation and understanding. Apart from the common criteria such as cost and quality, five other performance measurements are defined: resource utilisation; flexibility; visibility; trust; and innovativeness. In particular, new definitions are developed for visibility, trust, and innovativeness. Details of choices of these performance measurements are listed and suggested solutions are given, with the hope that a full picture of supply chain performance measurements is developed. In addition, a multi-attribute decision-making technique, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP), is used to make decisions based on the priority of performance measures. This paper outlines the application and particularly the pairwise comparison which helps to identify easily the importance of different performance measurements. An example from the electronic industry is used to demonstrate the AHP technique. <s> BIB002 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> HIERARCHICAL BASED MEASURE-MENT MODEL OR BREAK-DOWN/AGGRE-GATION MODEL <s> This study deals with the supply chain (SC) performance formalization. We propose to build performance measurement systems (PMSs) by linking an overall performance expression to elementary ones. The overall performance is associated to a global objective whose break-down provides elementary objectives. Elementary performances are thus aggregated in a corollary way. The problem in the design of such PMS's, by the break-down/aggregation model, concerns both the coherent elementary performance expressions and the definition of the links between them. Some answers are proposed in the literature, such as the weighted mean aggregation operator, to handle hierarchical links, the Choquet integral operator, for taking interactions into account. As global frameworks, the AHP or MACBETH methodologies are suggested. By considering the SCOR model break-down, we propose to extend here the proposed approaches for expressing the overall performance of a SC. An aggregation methodology, based on the Choquet integral operator and MACBETH framework, is thus adopted. <s> BIB003 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> HIERARCHICAL BASED MEASURE-MENT MODEL OR BREAK-DOWN/AGGRE-GATION MODEL <s> In Supply Chain Management (SCM), performance measurement can facilitate understanding and integration among the supply chain partners. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to review the existing SCM performance measurement framework based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Balanced Scorecard (BSC) models reported in the literature. Second, based on the prioritisation of the suggested performance measures/metrics and performance at different decision levels, a mathematical model is developed to optimise the overall performance measurement of SCM for Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). <s> BIB004 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> HIERARCHICAL BASED MEASURE-MENT MODEL OR BREAK-DOWN/AGGRE-GATION MODEL <s> Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated supply chain performance measurement framework for the case of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) using set of qualitative and quantitative insights gained during the case study research.Design/methodology/approach – This paper develops the supply chain performance measurement framework using the facts revealed through case study analysis, secondary data specific to various SME clusters in India and detailed contemporary studies reported on supply chain management in SMEs. It integrates the salient features of balanced scorecard (BSC) and supply chain operation reference (SCOR) model to deliver a comprehensive performance measurement framework for SMEs.Findings – This paper reports set of performance indicators for the supply chain processes like “source,” “make,” and “deliver” in SMEs. It also relates the measures with various supply chain cycles like “procurement,” “manufacturing,” “replenishment,” and “customer order.” As a result, ... <s> BIB005 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> HIERARCHICAL BASED MEASURE-MENT MODEL OR BREAK-DOWN/AGGRE-GATION MODEL <s> Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the efficiency and benefits of supply chain (SC) scientifically and validate the usability of methods on performance evaluation index system.Design/methodology/approach – At the performance evaluation index, the enhanced balanced scorecards (BSC) are developed based on the BSC. Regarding society environment and future development, the construction of performance evaluation index system includes five aspects such as finance, customer service, intra‐flow process, learning and development, and society development within SC. The indexes of performance evaluation system are all quantified to achieve their practical application. Another new point is that the logarithm triangular fuzzy number‐analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method expanding from fuzzy environment and developing from traditional AHP method is creatively used to evaluate the integrative performance evaluation index system.Findings – The enhanced BSC and the special AHP method can overcome some dis... <s> BIB006 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> HIERARCHICAL BASED MEASURE-MENT MODEL OR BREAK-DOWN/AGGRE-GATION MODEL <s> The purpose of this paper is to outline a new holistic approach for identifying and prioritising supply chain performance measures according to their importance in the evaluation of value-added activities in the entire supply chain. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique was used for Pairwise comparisons of main supply chain functions, processes and criteria. A questionnaire consisting of comparison tables of all functions was designed based on the AHP methodology and structured interviews were conducted with expert managers of four large Iranian companies. Total weights of each function and its processes in generating value towards the entire supply chain were calculated and their priorities were identified. Total weight of each criterion in evaluating the performance of supply chain was also calculated and a short list of the most important, practical and strategic performance measures is proposed to help managers and practitioners in analysing their supply chains. <s> BIB007 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> HIERARCHICAL BASED MEASURE-MENT MODEL OR BREAK-DOWN/AGGRE-GATION MODEL <s> Performance measures of a multi-echelon Supply Chain (SC) assist SC Managers in making strategic decisions. The measures associated with an inter-organisational SC are an aggregation of the performance measures of the SC members. However, two types of dependencies exist in a multi-echelon SC: intra- and inter-organisational. The former type accounts for the relationship between various parts or departments of a firm, while the latter accounts for the influence of one organisation upon another. Traditional hierarchical techniques are inaccurate to use as an aggregation method for the performance measures as they do not account for dependency. The level of dependency within and among firms needs to be determined. In this paper, a two-dimensional approach is taken using the analytical hierarchy process with the analytical network process to overcome the deficiency with a hierarchical approach. <s> BIB008
Among 42 journal articles, sixteen papers (38.1%) proposed hierarchical model to tackle the performance evaluation problem. Hierarchical model can be used in three aspects: metrics, criteria and processes. Six papers out of forty two articles (14.29%) used hierarchical metrics for constructing the models. Hierarchical metrics were first proposed by  . They presented a framework in which metrics are classified into strategic, tactical and operational levels of management. This is done to assign them where they can be best dealt with by the appropriate management level. Sharma (2009, 2007b) and BIB004 employ strategic, tactical and operational levels of management in their hierarchical PMS of SCM and classified metrics by these three level.  presented a framework for performance measures and metrics, considering the four major supply chain processes (plan, source, make/assemble, and deliver). Metrics were classified at strategic, tactical and operational to clarify the appropriate level of management authority and responsibility for performance. In this framework measures or metrics are grouped in cells at the intersection of the supply chain activity and planning level. BIB005 advised users to classify metrics into strategic, tactical and operational level, after extracting metrics in various categories of BSC. Apart from metrics, a model can be created by a hierarchy of criteria and metrics. Nine articles of forty two articles (21.43%) used hierarchical criteria for constructing models. In these models, objectives or overall performance of supply chain are decomposed into some criteria or sub-entity to investigate the performance based on them. Because of easy usage of multi criteria decision making methods, this perspective is attractive for authors and implied by Sharma (2009, 2007b) , BIB004 , BIB003 , BIB002 ,  ,  , BIB006 and BIB008 . Five papers out of forty two articles (11.9%) used hierarchical processes for constructing models. BIB001 used process hierarchy and posed different perspectives to supply chain management activities by considering different supply chain stages: function-based level, process level and supply chain level and used metrics at each level. BIB002 Qi (2003a, 2003b) decomposed supply chain to six core business processes including supplier, inbound logistics, manufacturing, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and end customers. These processes could be decomposed to sub processes or functions. In other word, SC processes that need to be measured can be grouped into these six core processes with the corresponding functions of firms and departments. BIB005 decomposed SC with SCOR processes at various levels to propose a set of performance measures for the supply chain in SMEs. BIB007 in their hierarchical model, decomposed supply chain to five major processes and defined three or four processes under each function according to the scope and the activities involved in that process.