A Survey on Efforts to Evolve the Control Plane of Inter-Domain Routing <s> Explore Path Diversity <s> The Internet would be more efficient and robust if routers could flexibly divide traffic over multiple paths. Often, having one or two extra paths is sufficient for customizing paths for different applications, improving security, reacting to failures, and balancing load. However, support for Internet-wide multipath routing faces two significant barriers. First, multipath routing could impose significant computational and storage overhead in a network the size of the Internet. Second, the independent networks that comprise the Internet will not relinquish control over the flow of traffic without appropriate incentives. In this article, we survey flexible multipath routing techniques that are both scalable and incentive compatible. Techniques covered include: multihoming, tagging, tunneling, and extensions to existing Internet routing protocols. <s> BIB001 </s> A Survey on Efforts to Evolve the Control Plane of Inter-Domain Routing <s> Explore Path Diversity <s> Utilizing the dormant path diversity through multipath routing in the Internet to reach end users—thereby fulfilling their QoS requirements—is rather logical. While offering better resource utilization, better reliability, and often even much better quality of experience (QoE), multipath routing and provisioning was shown to help network and data center operators achieve traffic engineering in the form of load balancing. In this survey, we first highlight the benefits and basic Internet multipath routing components. We take a top-down approach and review various multipath protocols, from application to link and physical layers, operating at different parts of the Internet. We also describe the mathematical foundations of the multipath operation, as well as highlight the issues and challenges pertaining to reliable data delivery, buffering, and security in deploying multipath provisioning in the Internet. We compare the benefits and drawbacks of these protocols operating at different Internet layers and discuss open issues and challenges. <s> BIB002
The current inter-domain routing protocol follows the BGP's destination-based forwarding paradigm, which indicates that all forwarding decisions about IP packets will rely exclusively on the IP destination header field. Hence, BGP will only select one "best" route per prefix when it is constructing the RIB. Thus, even when there are multiple paths to reach a given network, only one of them will be selected BIB002 BIB001 . Unlocking the full potential of the Internet path diversity (such as resilience or QoS) is a goal of various previous works. This work analyzes the following criteria to explore path diversity: • Overlay: The control plane creates networks that run independently on top of another network.