Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> 3) TRAFFIC LIGHTS MANAGEMENT <s> In this modern era where energy is the major concern worldwide, it is our prior responsibility & liability to save energy effectively. With the development of technology, where automation system plays a vital role in daily life experience and also it is being preferred over the traditional manual system today. The main purpose of this project is to invent an intelligent system which can make decisions for luminous control (ON/OFF/DIM) considering the light intensity. Here the day and night mode can be identified by fixing a particular intensity value on LDR sensor and street light can be controlled by IR sensor. The interesting part of this paper is the installation of solar cell for the power supply but in course of circumstances, if the solar cell is unable to do so, a secondary backup DC current will maintain the situation immediately. Another remarkable part of this project is to maintain the traffic signal automatically without any help of traffic police and monitor the entire system through internet by installing surveillance camera. All the components of this project are very simple and cost effective but efficient to make a reliable intelligence system. <s> BIB001 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> 3) TRAFFIC LIGHTS MANAGEMENT <s> IoT stands for Internet of things which is defined as an intercommunication of heterogeneous smart devices acting as a single network. In IoT, every device is connected via internet with different devices having different capabilities within a network. IoT is implemented almost in every field of life which is an extension of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Smart city is implemented through smart nodes in real scenarios to make digital environment in all field of life including smart parking, banking, sewerage system, waste management, environmental monitoring, smart transport and healthcare centers. However, there is a very little practical use of IoT and smart cities infrastructure in real life. In this paper, we have focused on intelligent traffic monitoring system using graph theory and formal methods. Our proposed model has various nodes that are assumed within a city including roads, objects and traffic signals to make a collective intelligent traffic guidance and monitoring system. Many operations including finding shortest path in terms of time and distance, finding specific area within city and finding safest and low rush ways towards the destination. The graph based model is transformed into a formal model using Vienna Development Method-Specification Language (VDM-SL). The proof of correctness is provided by various facilities available in the VDM-SL toolbox. <s> BIB002
An efficient, cost-effective traffic and street light control mechanism based on M-IoT is outlined in BIB001 for smart cities. The solar panel-based streetlights with Direct Current (DC) power supply as a backup along with Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is used to control the intensity of the light when no vehicle is present in the street. Traffic bollards are used to avoid an accident during red and yellow lights. Cameras are deployed for the surveillance systems. Latif et al. BIB002 proposed the smart city model having intelligent traffic monitoring and guidance system. The proposed model incorporates multimedia data for authentication, verification, registration, authorization, shortest path identification, to high light the congested areas. Public places like schools, colleges, hospitals, hotels, petrol pumps, and banks are considered as objects and are identified by specific IDs. Cameras are used to monitor the flow of traffic. The shortest path is determined based on time or distance. Vienna Development Method-Specification Language (VDM-SL) is opted-in this article for modeling purposes.