A Survey of Security Services, Attacks, and Applications for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) <s> Mobility Simulator <s> This paper describes a new integrated macroscopic modelling tool namely "METACOR" for simulating traffic flow phenomena including traffic assignment modelling within mixed network (motorway and urban road subnetworks) of arbitrary topology. METACOR has been validated on the basis of real traffic flow measurements selected under a broad spectrum of traffic conditions. The mathematical model is capable of describing complicated traffic phenomena with acceptable accuracy. A simulation program may be used as a tool for testing of control strategies related to ramp metering, signal control and Variable Message Sign (VMS) control. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 868006. <s> BIB001 </s> A Survey of Security Services, Attacks, and Applications for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) <s> Mobility Simulator <s> During the last few years, continuous progresses in wireless communications have opened new research fields in computer networking, aimed at extending data networks connectivity to environments where wired solutions are impracticable. Among these, vehicular traffic is attracting a growing attention from both academia and industry, due to the amount and importance of the related applications, ranging from road safety to traffic control, up to mobile entertainment. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are self-organized networks built up from moving vehicles, and are part of the broader class of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Because of their peculiar characteristics, VANETs require the definition of specific networking techniques, whose feasibility and performance are usually tested by means of simulation. One of the main challenges posed by VANETs simulations is the faithful characterization of vehicular mobility at both macroscopic and microscopic levels, leading to realistic non-uniform distributions of cars and velocity, and unique connectivity dynamics. In this paper, we first present and describe VanetMobiSim, a freely available generator of realistic vehicular movement traces for networks simulators. Then, VanetMobiSim is validated by illustrating how the interaction between featured macro- and micro-mobility is able to reproduce typical phenomena of vehicular traffic <s> BIB002 </s> A Survey of Security Services, Attacks, and Applications for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) <s> Mobility Simulator <s> SUMO is an open source traffic simulation package including net import and demand modeling components. We describe the current state of the package as well as future developments and extensions. SUMO helps to investigate several research topics e.g. route choice and traffic light algorithm or simulating vehicular communication. Therefore the framework is used in different projects to simulate automatic driving or traffic management strategies. <s> BIB003 </s> A Survey of Security Services, Attacks, and Applications for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) <s> Mobility Simulator <s> Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are classified as an application of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) that has the potential in improving road safety and in providing travellers comfort. Recently VANETs have emerged to turn the attention of researchers in the field of wireless and mobile communications, they differ from MANET by their architecture, challenges, characteristics and applications. In this paper we present aspects related to this field to help researchers and developers to understand and distinguish the main features surrounding VANET in one solid document, without the need to go through other relevant papers and articles starting from VANET architecture and ending up with the most appropriate simulation tools to simulate VANET protocols and applications. <s> BIB004 </s> A Survey of Security Services, Attacks, and Applications for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) <s> Mobility Simulator <s> Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are becoming the most promising research topic in intelligent transportation systems, because they provide information to deliver comfort and safety to both drivers and passengers. However, unique characteristics of VANETs make security, privacy, and trust management challenging issues in VANETs’ design. This survey article starts with the necessary background of VANETs, followed by a brief treatment of main security services, which have been well studied in other fields. We then focus on an in-depth review of anonymous authentication schemes implemented by five pseudonymity mechanisms. Because of the predictable dynamics of vehicles, anonymity is necessary but not sufficient to thwart tracking an attack that aims at the drivers’ location profiles. Thus, several location privacy protection mechanisms based on pseudonymity are elaborated to further protect the vehicles’ privacy and guarantee the quality of location-based services simultaneously. We also give a comprehensive analysis on various trust management models in VANETs. Finally, considering that current and near-future applications in VANETs are evaluated by simulation, we give a much-needed update on the latest mobility and network simulators as well as the integrated simulation platforms. In sum, this paper is carefully positioned to avoid overlap with existing surveys by filling the gaps and reporting the latest advances in VANETs while keeping it self-explained. <s> BIB005
In the VANET system, the mobility model can determine the movements of the node, which are linked with the simulator. By using this terminology, the simulator generates random topology based on each vehicles' condition BIB004 . The mobility model consists of two patterns named traffic and the motion patterns, respectively. The motion pattern is determined by the behavior and attitude of drivers, which can create vehicle movements with pedestrians and vehicles BIB004 . The traffic generator produces random topologies and a map, which are used to evaluate the vehicle behavior, according to the traffic environment. Generally speaking, it is a major challenge to manage system modeling to integrate with the real traffic environment. Therefore, designing the mobility model can be done by using several other types of models depending upon the traffic conditions and situations. The mobility model can be categorized into two types such as macroscopic and microscopic models BIB005 . The METACOR BIB001 utilizes traffic at high scale and is also used to determine the vehicle attitude. The METACOR is very useful for providing the macro of the traffic environment. VanetMobiSim BIB002 is the generator of realistic vehicle movement traces for networks simulator. It reviews and validates the microscopic and macroscopic mobility description and adds details to them, and can reproduce the general vehicular traffic environment. Simulation of urban mobility (SUMO) BIB003 is an open source micro-traffic simulator that can generate the vehicle traffic and update the vehicles parameters such as speed and positions. It is a microscopic traffic simulation that can import city maps with a different file format and version. Each vehicle contains user ID, time of departure vehicle, vehicle routes and location, etc. BIB003 . Additionally, SUMO is capable of handling highly integrated simulations that can be used for large networks, and it is able to get timely feedback from the network simulator. Specifically, SUMO is more reliable and suitable for V2X communication by considering an individual vehicle behavior and feedback of each vehicle by updating the network simulator for future processing.