A Survey of Security Services, Attacks, and Applications for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) <s> Comprehensive Simulation <s> Realistic simulation is a necessary tool for the proper evaluation of newly developed protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). Several recent efforts focus on achieving this goal. Yet, to this date, none of the proposed solutions fulfil all the requirements of the VANET environment. This is so mainly because road traffic and communication network simulators evolve in disjoint research communities. We are developing TraNS, an open-source simulation environment, as a step towards bridging this gap. This short paper describes the TraNS architecture and our ongoing development efforts. <s> BIB001 </s> A Survey of Security Services, Attacks, and Applications for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) <s> Comprehensive Simulation <s> Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) enable communication among vehicles as well as between vehicles and roadside infrastructures. Currently available software tools for VANET research still lack the ability to asses the usability of vehicular applications. In this article, we present Tra ffic C ontrol I nterface (TraCI) a technique for interlinking road traffic and network simulators. It permits us to control the behavior of vehicles during simulation runtime, and consequently to better understand the influence of VANET applications on traffic patterns. In contrast to the existing approaches, i.e., generating mobility traces that are fed to a network simulator as static input files, the online coupling allows the adaptation of drivers' behavior during simulation runtime. This technique is not limited to a special traffic simulator or to a special network simulator. We introduce a general framework for controlling the mobility which is adaptable towards other research areas. We describe the basic concept, design decisions and the message format of this open-source architecture. Additionally, we provide implementations for non-commercial traffic and network simulators namely SUMO and ns2, respectively. This coupling enables for the first time systematic evaluations of VANET applications in realistic settings. <s> BIB002 </s> A Survey of Security Services, Attacks, and Applications for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) <s> Comprehensive Simulation <s> The European Union (EU) Framework Program 7 (FP7) funded project, iTETRIS (An Integrated Wireless and Traffic Platform for Real-Time Road Traffic Management Solutions) targets to extend state of art in simulation of wireless vehicular cooperative systems for evaluation of road traffic management services and applications. In particular, iTETRIS addresses four important and distinct challenges: (a) road traffic and wireless integrated open-source simulation platform, (b) large scale trials, (c) realistic Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication simulation and (d) dynamic, distributed and self-autonomous Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) applications based on cooperative systems. iTETRIS will provide a standard compliant, open-source integrated communication and traffic platform suited for large scale scenario simulation. This Paper addresses extension of traffic simulator being used in iTETRIS, scalability studies of networking simulator, which have been achieved as project results. Further the paper presents the adaptation of the Intelligent Communications for Transport Systems (ICTS) reference architecture functionalities being developed by the European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI) at its Technical Committee (TC) on ITS. <s> BIB003 </s> A Survey of Security Services, Attacks, and Applications for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) <s> Comprehensive Simulation <s> Recently, many efforts have been made to develop more efficient Inter-Vehicle Communication (IVC) protocols for on-demand route planning according to observed traffic congestion or incidents, as well as for safety applications. Because practical experiments are often not feasible, simulation of network protocol behavior in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) scenarios is strongly demanded for evaluating the applicability of developed network protocols. In this work, we discuss the need for bidirectional coupling of network simulation and road traffic microsimulation for evaluating IVC protocols. As the selection of a mobility model influences the outcome of simulations to a great extent, the use of a representative model is necessary for producing meaningful evaluation results. Based on these observations, we developed the hybrid simulation framework Veins (Vehicles in Network Simulation), composed of the network simulator OMNeT++ and the road traffic simulator SUMO. In a proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate its advantages and the need for bidirectionally coupled simulation based on the evaluation of two protocols for incident warning over VANETs. With our developed methodology, we can advance the state-of-the-art in performance evaluation of IVC and provide means to evaluate developed protocols more accurately. <s> BIB004 </s> A Survey of Security Services, Attacks, and Applications for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) <s> Comprehensive Simulation <s> SUMO is an open source traffic simulation package including the simulation application itself as well as supporting tools, mainly for network import and demand modeling. SUMO helps to investigate a large variety of research topics, mainly in the context of traffic management and vehicular communications. We describe the current state of the package, its major applications, both by research topic and by example, as well as future developments and extensions. Keywords-microscopic traffic simulation; traffic management; open source; software <s> BIB005 </s> A Survey of Security Services, Attacks, and Applications for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) <s> Comprehensive Simulation <s> Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are classified as an application of mobile ad hoc network (MANET) that has the potential in improving road safety and in providing travellers comfort. Recently VANETs have emerged to turn the attention of researchers in the field of wireless and mobile communications, they differ from MANET by their architecture, challenges, characteristics and applications. In this paper we present aspects related to this field to help researchers and developers to understand and distinguish the main features surrounding VANET in one solid document, without the need to go through other relevant papers and articles starting from VANET architecture and ending up with the most appropriate simulation tools to simulate VANET protocols and applications. <s> BIB006
To change traffic settings, the information that is received from the network simulator must be processed by the mobility simulator. SUMO is used to generate high mobility traffic to simulate the vehicular network because of its unique characteristics of network traffic. SUMO has a function that can simulate a single part and whole cities in one simulation BIB005 . The traffic and network simulator environment (TraNS) is a Java-based visualizing tool consisting of SUMO and NS-2, which is specially designed for the VANET system. A new TraNs Lite version is developed for the mobility generator, which excluded the NS-2 network simulator BIB006 . The major disadvantage of the TraNS simulator is that it cannot support a highly large-scale network and is also not cost-efficient in terms of acquiring the protocol of VANETs BIB001 . An integrated wireless and traffic platform for a real-time road traffic management solution (iTETRIS) BIB003 aims to enhance the large-scale simulation network of VANETs for evaluating the services for transport and traffic management. In order to get the real-time closed-loop coupling simulation platform, the iTETRIS combined with SUMO and NS-3, which can be considered an extension of TraNS BIB001 . The vehicles in network simulation (Veins) is an open-source framework BIB004 , which is used to run vehicular network simulations. Veins implement the IEEE 802.11p protocol at the physical and the MAC layers and is responsible to manage the data transfer between OMNET++ and SUMO through TraCI BIB002 . The main advantage of bi-directional coupling has two features. First, the network simulation mainly controls the mobility of simulation for handling the traffic communication in VANETs. Second, information that includes the position or routes could be provided by mobility simulation to the network simulation. Additionally, the veins offer a comprehensive function to achieve bi-directional coupling, which can provide better accuracy for the development of protocols BIB004 .