A Survey on the Viability of Confirmed Traffic in a LoRaWAN <s> D. CRITICAL SITUATIONS <s> This paper addresses the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, which is gaining substantial ground in modern wireless telecommunications. The IoT describes a vision where heterogeneous objects like computers, sensors, Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags or mobile phones are able to communicate and cooperate efficiently to achieve common goals thanks to a common IP addressing scheme. This paper focuses on the reliability of emergency applications under IoT technology. These applications' success is contingent upon the delivery of high-priority events from many scattered objects to one or more objects without packet loss. Thus, the network has to be self-adaptive and resilient to errors by providing efficient mechanisms for information distribution especially in the multi-hop scenario. As future perspective, we propose a lightweight and energy-efficient joint mechanism, called AJIA (Adaptive Joint protocol based on Implicit ACK), for packet loss recovery and route quality evaluation in the IoT. In this protocol, we use the overhearing feature, characterizing the wireless channels, as an implicit ACK mechanism. In addition, the protocol allows for an adaptive selection of the routing path based on the link quality. . <s> BIB001 </s> A Survey on the Viability of Confirmed Traffic in a LoRaWAN <s> D. CRITICAL SITUATIONS <s> The Internet of Things is one of the hottest topics in communications today, with current revenues of $151B, around 7 billion connected devices, and an unprecedented growth expected for next years. A massive number of sensors and actuators are expected to emerge, requiring new wireless technologies that can extend their battery life and can cover large areas. LoRaWAN is one of the most outstanding technologies which fulfill these demands, attracting the attention of both academia and industry. In this paper, the design of a LoRaWAN testbed to support critical situations, such as emergency scenarios or natural disasters, is proposed. This self-healing LoRaWAN network architecture will provide resilience when part of the equipment in the core network may become faulty. This resilience is achieved by virtualizing and properly orchestrating the different network entities. Different options have been designed and implemented as real prototypes. Based on our performance evaluation, we claim that the usage of microservice orchestration with several replicas of the LoRaWAN network entities and a load balancer produces an almost seamless recovery which makes it a proper solution to recover after a system crash caused by any catastrophic event. <s> BIB002
One area in which the IoT can be of great benefit is during emergency scenarios or natural disasters. Due to its scaling and long-range capabilities, LoRaWAN has started to attract the attention of researchers building networks for these critical situations BIB002 . IoT deployments in these situations will have to share the limited available resources whilst ensuring QoS requirements are met. For the reaction to an event to be effective, information about the event and the environment in which it occurs is key BIB001 . As the situation unfolds, data from different nodes will become more critical than others, and here the use of priority based acknowledgements can be put to use. The emergency services could also make use of a LoRaWAN to enable basic communication  . During disasters, traditional networks are frequently inactive or overwhelmed. Whilst a LoRaWAN does not have the bandwidth capabilities of these networks, it can be used to sent text information and can provide a reliable network.