A Survey of Routing Attacks and Security Measures in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks <s> Blackmail: <s> In this paper, we present a novel anonymous secure routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The proposed protocol not only provides anonymity from all the intermediate nodes, but also integrates the authenticated key exchange mechanisms into the routing algorithm design. Furthermore, a new attack on anonymous services, called snare attack, is introduced, where a compromised node lures a very important node (VIN) into communicating with him and traces back to the VIN by following the route path. An adversary can then snare the VIN and launch decapitation strike on the VIN. Finally, we present a novel DECOY mechanism as a countermeasure to enhance anonymity of VINs and defeat snare attack. <s> BIB001 </s> A Survey of Routing Attacks and Security Measures in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks <s> Blackmail: <s> Route security is vital to MANET operation and reliability. If a malicious host can inject itself into the routing path or alter the routing path, route security has failed. In this paper we focus on the invisible node attack (INA), an important, unsolved wireless network attack. We provide an INA formal definition and show why proposed solutions throughout the literature have not eliminated this critical attack. Since there is no existing INA solution, we provide a discussion on its potential impacts on ad hoc routing protocols. <s> BIB002
The attack incurs due to lack of authenticity and it grants provision for any node to corrupt other node's legitimate information. Nodes usually keep information of perceived malicious nodes in a blacklist. This attack is relevant against routing protocols that use mechanisms for the identification of malicious nodes and propagate messages that try to blacklist the offender. An attacker may fabricate such reporting messages and tell other nodes in the network to add that node to their blacklists and isolate legitimate nodes from the network  . Snare Attack BIB001 : Lin et al. have proposed the snare attack, which relates to military specific applications. In a battlefield, a node could be physically compromised (say when the corresponding soldier is caught by the enemy). Afterwards, the compromised node could be used to lure a Very Important Node, (say the commander), into communicating with it. Since the adversary can easily intercept any transmission in the network through the compromised node, the adversary can identify the physical location of the VIN by tracing and analyzing some routes. After locating the VINs, the adversary will be able to launch a Decapitation Strike on those VINs as a short cut to win the battle. The Invisible Node Attack BIB002 : Andel et al. have defined the invisible node attack and proved it to be different from the existing attacks (man in the middle, masquerading, and wormhole) and established its uniqueness. They have defined it as In any protocol that depends on identification for any functionality, any node that effectively participates in that protocol without revealing its identity is an invisible node and the action and protocol impact is termed an INA. Discussing the effects of INA on different routing protocols, they have shown it to be a unsolvable attack so far.