Managing knowledge within the manufacturing enterprise: an overview <s> Manufacturing analysis and support systems <s> Low volume and high product mix characterize a job shop manufacturing. The CAM software in generating NC programs needs to reduce dependence on human judgment in operation planning in order to be used in low repetitive and high product mix production environments. In this paper a procedure for extracting machining methods for automated operation planning is proposed. Furthermore an optimum operation sequencing and tool selection algorithm is developed in CAM system. Numerical example has been provided and comparisons made with a known algorithm. Results indicate that the algorithms proposed in this research establish automated operation planning with reduced dependence on human judgment. It is also achieved considerable flexibility and adaptability, allowing the users to implement particular manufacturing knowledge of their own and resources available at individual shop sites. <s> BIB001 </s> Managing knowledge within the manufacturing enterprise: an overview <s> Manufacturing analysis and support systems <s> Open knowledge economy in intelligent industrial automation (OOONEIDA) is a new initiative for enabling decentralized, reconfigurable industrial control and automation in discrete manufacturing and continuous process systems. The goal of the OOONEIDA project is the creation of the technological infrastructure for a new, open knowledge economy for automation components and automated industrial products. This will be done by further development of the concept of reusable portable software modules (function blocks) and by their application in the time- and cost-effective specification, design, validation, realization, and deployment of intelligent mechatronic components in distributed industrial automation and control systems. <s> BIB002
The distinction between design analysis and manufacturing analysis has a weak basis, since it was stated that design is considered as an integral part of manufacturing; however there are some methods and proposals presented in the literature that are more directly focused on manufacturing (i.e. production) than design. Xie et al. developed a knowledge based decision support system for sheet metal parts. The system includes a design and manufacturing knowledge based module for design support. The system abstracts geometric entities (such as thickness and radius) to support product design and modelling ). Cakir and Cavdar developed a knowledge based system that helps to identify solutions to problems in metal cutting (milling, drilling, turning). The system also provides recommendations for cutting parameters (feed, speed, depth of cut). The problem resolution system uses a "problem, cause and remedy" database  ). Shakeri develops a combined process planning and tool selection system. The system allows implementation of manufacturing knowledge from an owned facility and from external sites. Previously, operation sequencing and tool selection had been combined into a single optimisation problem, but not implemented in a CAM system BIB001 ). Landryova and Irgens developed a rule-based expert system that combines with process monitoring systems to support process management in the oil industry. The aim is to reduce process noise, or variability . Liu et al. outline a framework for a STEP-NC controller. The conceptual controller consists of an interpreting module, planning module, simulation module and CNC kernel. The interpreter reads an AP238 file and converts it into internal data, which the planner then applies to the sequencing of machining operations . Di Stefano proposes a tolerance analysis method that optimises manufacturing costs based on an interaction between customer requirements, design parameters and process variables. This approach takes a holistic, statistical view of the product and applies cost factors from manufacturing tolerances and quality loss (Di Stefano 2006) . Vyatkin and Christensen propose a software architecture to support automated production systems. The architecture is composed of software modules called function blocks BIB002 ). Yongtaoa and Jingying developed a computer aided process planning system, using a features framework to derive manufacturing features and mapping to machining operations. The system generates an optimal process plan based on minimum tool changes and operations .