Computer Vision Based Fall Detection Methods Using the Kinect Camera : A Survey <s> INTRODUCTION <s> Ambulatory assistive device use can improve functional independence following spinal cord injury and, potentially, quality of life. However, the interaction between aids and user in this population is poorly understood. Objectives: To determine the influence of walkers, crutches and canes on assisted-gait following incomplete spinal cord injury. Study design/methods: Outcome parameters evaluated in ten individuals included orthogonal forces exerted on instrumented assistive devices, walking speed, cadence, step length, trunk and thigh angles, as well as knee and ankle joint angles. Kinetic data included axial compressive force, and medio/lateral and antero/posterior bending forces. Setting: Canada. Results: Results indicated that walkers (n=5) provided the greatest vertical support (up to 100% body weight), but resulted in slow gait with a forward flexed posture. Elbow crutch users (n=3) walked faster (greater step length and cadence) and had a more upright posture than the walker users. Crutches supported up to 50% of the subject's body weight, granted lateral stability, and provided restraint in the antero/posterior direction. Canes (n=2) offered restraining and propulsive assistance, some lateral stability, and the least amount of vertical support. Conclusion: Ambulatory devices affected posture and walking speed while fulfilling various assistive functions during locomotion. The conclusion drawn is that rehabilitation specialists are advised to match device characteristics to user needs when prescribing walking aids. Sponsorship: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). <s> BIB001 </s> Computer Vision Based Fall Detection Methods Using the Kinect Camera : A Survey <s> INTRODUCTION <s> In recent years, we have witnessed a rapid surge in assisted living technologies due to a rapidly aging society. The aging population, the increasing cost of formal health care, the caregiver burden, and the importance that the individuals place on living independently, all motivate development of innovative-assisted living technologies for safe and independent aging. In this survey, we will summarize the emergence of `ambient-assisted living” (AAL) tools for older adults based on ambient intelligence paradigm. We will summarize the state-of-the-art AAL technologies, tools, and techniques, and we will look at current and future challenges. <s> BIB002
Physical disability is defined as a significant and persistent physical condition that limits a person's movement 1 . Physical disabilities degree and type vary according to individual circumstances 2 . But it should be kept in mind, however, that persons with a disability may not be able to walk at all without the Ambulatory Assistive Devices (AAD)\mobility aids 3 . AAD such as crutches, canes, walkers, braces, and wheelchairs, are prescribed to persons for a variety of reasons: to decrease excessive weight bearing on the lower extremity, to correct the imbalance, to reduce fatigue, or to relieve pain secondary to the loading of damaged structures BIB001 . So, if the physical disables persons have something common, it will be using the mobility aid or what is called in physical therapy AAD because the reduced function of legs and feet. This paper focus on fall detection of physically disabled persons for two reasons 2 : 1. Physical disabilities are the most common disabilities (73%), followed by intellectual\psychiatric (17%) and sensory (10%). And that what makes author chooses the physical disability from different disabilities. BIB002 The Oxford Dictionary of New Words. 2 About Disability: https://www.health.wa.gov.au/publications/daip/training_package/fscommand/Disability.pdf 3 Physical and mobility impairment factsheet. Available: https://www.google.com.sa/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjE0Iq56snQAhUELs AKHV8qA8oQFgggMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dorsetforyou.gov.uk%2Fmedia%2F169354%2FPhysical-and-mobilityimpairmentfactsheet%2Fpdf%2FPhysical_and_mobility_impairment_factsheet.pdf&usg=AFQjCNE_ZXSX3VqLrC9I29hleMQp_RaoEg