Security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks:a survey <s> Snooping attack: <s> In mobile ad hoc networks the nodes are dynamically changing and they have a fully decentralized topology. Hence, security is hard to achieve due to the dynamic nature of the relationships between the participating nodes as well as the vulnerabilities and limitations of the wireless transmissions medium. In this paper we propose an enhancement on intrusion detection systems for ad hoc networks (EIDAN) based on a novel architecture that uses intrusion detection techniques to detect active attacks that an adversary can perform against routing fabric of mobile ad hoc networks. Moreover, the system has been designed to take countermeasures to attacks. The novelties of the system enable the detection of active attacks. The enhancement of intrusion detection system for ad hoc network (EIDAN) system does not introduce any changes to the underlying routing protocol and operates as an intermediate component between the network traffic and the routing protocol. The system was developed and tested to operate in ad hoc on demand distance vector routing (AODV) enabled networks using the network simulator (ns-2). This system has been designed to detect resource consumption attack, packet-dropping attack and fabrication attacks. <s> BIB001 </s> Security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks:a survey <s> Snooping attack: <s> Mobility support is an essential part of IPv6 because we have recently seen sharp increases in the number of mobile users. A security weakness in mobility support has a direct consequence on the security of users because it obscures the distinction between devices and users. Unfortunately, a malicious and unauthenticated message in mobility support may open a security hole for intruders by supplying an easy mean to launch an attack that hijacks an ongoing session to a location chosen by the intruder. In this paper, we show how to thwart such a session hijacking attack by authenticating a suspicious message. Although much research has been directed toward addressing similar problems, we contend that our proposed protocol would outperform other proposals that have been advanced. This claim is based on observations that the proposed protocol has strengths such as light computational load, backward compatibility, and dependable operation. The results of in-depth performance evaluation show that our protocol achieves strong security and at the same time requires minimal computational overhead. <s> BIB002 </s> Security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks:a survey <s> Snooping attack: <s> Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) consist of a collection of wireless mobile nodes, which dynamically exchange data without fixed base station. But, in an unfriendly and uncontrolled terrain conditions, the performance of the routing protocol may deteriorate due to intrusion. Thus, secured routing is an essential requirement for MANETs, to provide protected communication between mobile nodes. In this paper, we examine security issues related to the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol, a proactive routing protocol for MANETs. In particular, we concentrate on the identity spoofing attack in OLSR and the network performance under this attack. We enumerate a number of possible attacks against the integrity of the OLSR routing infrastructure, due to identity spoofing. The simulation in OPNET shows that the performance of the networks degrades with increase in number of malicious nodes. <s> BIB003 </s> Security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks:a survey <s> Snooping attack: <s> Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is one of the most promising fields for research and development of wireless network. As the popularity of mobile device and wireless networks significantly increased over the past years, wireless ad-hoc networks has now become one of the most vibrant and active field of communication and networks. Due to severe challenges, the special features of MANET bring this technology great opportunistic together. This paper describes the fundamental problems of ad hoc network by giving its related research background including the concept, features, status, and vulnerabilities of MANET. This paper presents an overview and the study of the routing protocols. Also include the several challenging issues, emerging application and the future trends of MANET. <s> BIB004 </s> Security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks:a survey <s> Snooping attack: <s> Artificial Immune Systems (AISs) and Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are two up to date attractive technologies. AIS is utilized to introduce efficient intrusion detection algorithms to secure both host based and network based systems, whilst MANET is defined as a collection of mobile, decentralized, and self organized nodes. Securing MANET is a problem which adds more challenges on the research. This is because MANET properties make it harder to be secured than the other types of static networks. We claim that AIS properties as robust, self-healing, and self-organizing system can meet the challenges of securing MANET environment. This paper objective is to utilize the benefits of one of the Danger Theory based AIS intrusion detection algorithms, namely the Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA) to detect a type of Denial of Service (DoS) attack called Resource Consumption Attack (RCA) and also called sleep deprivation attack over MANET. The paper introduces a Mobile Dendritic Cell Algorithm (MDCA) architecture in which DCA plugged to be applied by each MANET node. <s> BIB005
The goal of this attack is accessing to other nodes packets without permission BIB003 . As in MANET packets transmitted hop by hop, any malicious node can capture others packets. Routing attack: In this attack, malicious node tries to modify or delete node's routing tables  BIB004  . Using this attack, malicious node destroys routing information table in ordinal nodes. Therefore, packet overhead and processing time will increase. Resource consumption attack: In this attack, malicious node uses some ways to waste nodes or network resources BIB005 BIB001 . For instance, malicious node leads packets to a loop that consists of ordinal nodes. As a result, node's energy consumed for transmitting fault packets. In addition, congestion and packet lost probability will increase. Session hijacking: Session hijacking is a critical error and gives an opportunity to the malicious node to behave as a legitimate system  BIB002 . Using this attack, malicious node reacts instead of true node in communications. Cryptography is one of the most efficient ways to defeat this attack.