A Survey on Home Energy Management <s> A. DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT <s> Energy management means to optimize one of the most complex and important technical creations that we know: the energy system. While there is plenty of experience in optimizing energy generation and distribution, it is the demand side that receives increasing attention by research and industry. Demand Side Management (DSM) is a portfolio of measures to improve the energy system at the side of consumption. It ranges from improving energy efficiency by using better materials, over smart energy tariffs with incentives for certain consumption patterns, up to sophisticated real-time control of distributed energy resources. This paper gives an overview and a taxonomy for DSM, analyzes the various types of DSM, and gives an outlook on the latest demonstration projects in this domain. <s> BIB001 </s> A Survey on Home Energy Management <s> A. DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT <s> The scope of this paper is to provide a review on the topic of demand side management. A historical overview provides a critical insight to applied cases, while the discovery of new evidence calls for reconsideration of the design of demand response control schemes. The developments at the demand side are analyzed, and philosophical considerations are made with respect to envisioned energy management systems. Finally, the authors classify demand response control schemes based on the formulation of the rate structures and the employed technology. This classification follows a historical order, and addresses both applied cases and research developments. <s> BIB002
Demand-Side Management comprises a collection of techniques to improve energy efficiency and reduce the overall energy bill at consumption-side BIB001 . DSM is a broadspectrum field, encompassing and extending concepts such as energy efficiency and load management. Owing to the fact that DSM related literature is somewhat disperse, there is no general consensus regarding the classification and categorisation of the underlying techniques. DSM techniques can be categorised based on their timing and customer impact BIB001 : (i) Energy Efficiency (EE), (ii) Time of Use (TOU), (iii) Demand Response, and (iv) Spinning Reserve. EE accomplishes permanent energy optimisation by promoting the adoption of energy-efficient appliances and improving building design and construction. Also considered within this category are end-user awareness and behavioural changes towards a more efficient usage of energy appliances. TOU and DR techniques share similarities, as both promote energy efficiency and grid stability by coordinating and shifting appliances operation, thus balancing demands throughout the day. While TOU bills demanded energy at different prices, conditioned by the time of the day, DR promotes changes in electricity use as a response to smart grid events, which can be, for instance, grid price updates. As for spinning reserve techniques, they aim to support traditional energy providers by adjusting loads on demand-side according to the grid frequency, either by increasing or decreasing demand. They also support communication among demand-side devices in order to promote fairness in grid incentives, and contribute towards grid stability. A different categorisation has been subsequently proposed in BIB002 . The underlying techniques are split into (i) Energy Efficiency, (ii) Demand Response, and (iii) Strategic Load Growth (SLG). Comparing to the one proposed in BIB001 , its main novelty concerns the inclusion of SLG techniques. Load growth programmes are implemented aiming at changing the load shape, by imposing increases or decreases in consumption in certain periods of the day. This approach can be used to foster consumption from renewable sources.