A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Application Oriented Surveys <s> Hierarchical routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a very important topic that has been attracting the research community in the last decade. Typical hierarchical routing is called clustering routing, in which the network is divided into multiple clusters. Recently, some types of atypical hierarchical routing arise, including chain-based, tree-based, grid-based routing, and area-based routing. There are several survey papers that present and compare the hierarchical routing protocols from various perspectives, but a survey on atypical hierarchical routing is still missing. This paper makes a first attempt to provide a comprehensive review on atypical hierarchical routing. We offer a classification of atypical hierarchical routing of WSNs, and give detailed analysis of different logical topologies. The most representative atypical hierarchical routing protocols are described, discussed, and qualitatively compared. In particular, the advantages and disadvantages of different atypical hierarchical routing protocols are analyzed with respect to their significant performances and application scenarios. Finally, we put forward some open issues concerning the design of hierarchical WSNs. This survey aims to provide useful guidance for system designers on how to evaluate and select appropriate logical topologies and hierarchical routing protocols for specific applications. <s> BIB001 </s> A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Application Oriented Surveys <s> Due to a battery constraint in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), prolonging their lifetime is important. Energy-efficient routing techniques for WSNs play a great role in doing so. In this paper, we articulate this problem and classify current routing protocols for WSNs into two categories according to their orientation toward either homogeneous or heterogeneous WSNs. They are further classified into static and mobile ones. We give an overview of these protocols in each category by summarizing their characteristics, limitations, and applications. Finally, some open issues in energy-efficient routing protocol design for WSNs are indicated. <s> BIB002 </s> A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Application Oriented Surveys <s> Introducing mobility to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) puts new challenges particularly in designing of routing protocols. Mobility can be applied to the sensor nodes and/or the sink node in the network. Many routing protocols have been developed to support the mobility of WSNs. These protocols are divided depending on the routing structure into hierarchical-based, flat-based, and location-based routing protocols. However, the hierarchical-based routing protocols outperform the other routing types in saving energy, scalability, and extending lifetime of Mobile WSNs (MWSNs). Selecting an appropriate hierarchical routing protocol for specific applications is an important and difficult task. Therefore, this paper focuses on reviewing some of the recently hierarchical-based routing protocols that are developed in the last five years for MWSNs. This survey divides the hierarchical-based routing protocols into two broad groups, namely, classical-based and optimized-based routing protocols. Also, we present a detailed classification of the reviewed protocols according to the routing approach, control manner, mobile element, mobility pattern, network architecture, clustering attributes, protocol operation, path establishment, communication paradigm, energy model, protocol objectives, and applications. Moreover, a comparison between the reviewed protocols is investigated in this survey depending on delay, network size, energy-efficiency, and scalability while mentioning the advantages and drawbacks of each protocol. Finally, we summarize and conclude the paper with future directions. <s> BIB003
A variety of routing-related surveys are published so far for WSNs that may focus on various performance aspects such as energy efficiency, security, intelligence, mobility, in-network processing and so on. There are a variety of routing-related surveys that may discuss the fitness of discussed protocols regarding various application areas in WSNs e.g., in    , the authors have discussed various application areas of WSNs. The authors in  have devised a metric that may determine fitness of different secure hierarchical protocols to suitable applications. In BIB001 , the application scenario of atypical hierarchical routing approaches in WSNs is presented. In BIB003 , the authors have highlighted the applications of discussed mobility-oriented hierarchical routing protocols in WSNs. In BIB002 , the application of each energy-efficient homogeneous and heterogeneous routing protocol is highlighted. The authors in [114] have extensively discussed the applications of multichannel routing in a comprehensive manner. However to the best of our knowledge, we have not found any routing-related survey in WSNs that may in-depth and dedicatedly analyze the role of routing protocols in performing an application in WSNs. Therefore, there is still a need to publish such routing-related surveys that may highlight the role of WSNs oriented routing protocols in developing critical applications such as water conservation, irrigation, target tracking, border management and so on. On the one hand, the application-specific routing surveys may highlight the indispensable role of routing protocols in bringing forth technological advancements in WSNs. On the other hand, they may bring forth the growing role and necessity of WSNs in bringing comfort in the lives of human beings. Eventually, they may create interest among the readers/ researchers and motivate them to contribute more in this regard.