A Review of Soft Robots <s> Stretchable Electronics <s> Recent advances in mechanics and materials provide routes to integrated circuits that can offer the electrical properties of conventional, rigid wafer-based technologies but with the ability to be stretched, compressed, twisted, bent, and deformed into arbitrary shapes. Inorganic and organic electronic materials in microstructured and nanostructured forms, intimately integrated with elastomeric substrates, offer particularly attractive characteristics, with realistic pathways to sophisticated embodiments. Here, we review these strategies and describe applications of them in systems ranging from electronic eyeball cameras to deformable light-emitting displays. We conclude with some perspectives on routes to commercialization, new device opportunities, and remaining challenges for research. <s> BIB001 </s> A Review of Soft Robots <s> Stretchable Electronics <s> Conventionally, engineers have employed rigid materials to fabricate precise, predictable robotic systems, which are easily modelled as rigid members connected at discrete joints. Natural systems, however, often match or exceed the performance of robotic systems with deformable bodies. Cephalopods, for example, achieve amazing feats of manipulation and locomotion without a skeleton; even vertebrates such as humans achieve dynamic gaits by storing elastic energy in their compliant bones and soft tissues. Inspired by nature, engineers have begun to explore the design and control of soft-bodied robots composed of compliant materials. This Review discusses recent developments in the emerging field of soft robotics. <s> BIB002
Traditional and rigid electronics has been the basis for storing the control algorithms and connect to the systems' actuators, sensors, and power sources in most of the integrated soft robotics system BIB002 . However, the recent effort in the field of soft and stretchable electronics is opening a new frontier which would ensure its greater integration with soft robots, resulting in completely soft prototypes. Details of the manufacturing processes for stretchable electronics are outlined in BIB001 .