Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> 2) PATH DETECTION, LANE DETECTION, AND ACCIDENT REPORTING <s> This paper presents a path planning algorithm which integrates the potential field method and lane detection for a UGV (Unmanned Ground Vehicle) in an urban environment. This algorithm can be used in situations, such as; erased lane markings on an urban road; an error of lane detection and DGPS data. This is because it integrates a run lane detection algorithm and potential field method. The driving algorithm for path planning is decided after visually checking for the existence of a lane. <s> BIB001 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> 2) PATH DETECTION, LANE DETECTION, AND ACCIDENT REPORTING <s> Mobile robots are slowly growing in number and complexity due to their applications. A mobile robot needs locomotion mechanisms that enable it to move unbounded throughout its environment. Navigation of robot in a dynamic environment is a complicated issue due to the fact that a variety of obstacles has to be detected and a collision free path must be chosen. For an autonomous robot, obstacle detection and path planning are crucial tasks for the success of the robot. In this work an image based obstacle detection and path planning system is proposed. The basic idea is to implement path planning by considering the spacing between the obstacles and comparing with a predefined threshold to estimate whether it is a traversable path. <s> BIB002 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> 2) PATH DETECTION, LANE DETECTION, AND ACCIDENT REPORTING <s> In recent years the topic of Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems is widely studied. Interconnected vehicles able of information exchange can reduce traffic accident ratio significantly. To allow reliable, low latency Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication new network technologies are needed. This paper proposes hybrid network topology for V2V communication scenario to prevent network overload when transmitting safety oriented information. Properties of the proposed topology are evaluated by network simulation. <s> BIB003 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> 2) PATH DETECTION, LANE DETECTION, AND ACCIDENT REPORTING <s> The sudden traffic slowdown especially in fast scrolling roads and highways characterized by a scarce visibility is one of the major causes of accidents among motorized vehicles. It can be caused by other accidents, work-in-progress on roads, excessive motorized vehicles especially at peak times and so on. Typically, fixed traffic sensors installed on roads that interact with drivers’ mobile App through the 4G network can mitigate such a problem, but unfortunately not all roads and highways are equipped with such devices. In this paper, we discuss a possible alternative solution for addressing such an issue considering mobile traffic sensors directly installed in private and/or public transportation and volunteer vehicles. In this scenario a fast real-time processing of big traffic data is fundamental to prevent accidents. In particular, we discuss an IoT Cloud system for traffic monitoring and alert notification based on OpenGTS and MongoDB. Our IoT Cloud system, besides for private drivers, it is very useful for drivers of critical rescue vehicles such as ambulances. Experiments prove that our system provides acceptable response times that allows drivers to receive alert messages in useful time so as to avoid the risk of possible accidents. <s> BIB004 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> 2) PATH DETECTION, LANE DETECTION, AND ACCIDENT REPORTING <s> One of the ways to reduce road accident is to identify the humps and potholes present in the path. In this paper, an internet of things based road monitoring system (IoT-RMS) is proposed to identify the potholes and humps in the road. The pathway which is affected by the pothole is greatly influenced by the scattering signal of the ultrasonic sensor. So the magnitude of the reflected signal decreased due to the roughness of the surface and the signal amplitude is difficult to analyze. The Kirchofft's theory basically applied for real-time analysis and it has certain limitations. To overcome this difficulty, an accelerometer has been included with the ultrasonic sensor to measure variation present in the signal and optimized using honey bee optimization (HBO) technique. The IoT-RMS automatically updates the status of the road with location information in the cloud. Each road vehicles can access the information from the server and estimate the speed according to the potholes and humps present on the road. The simulation has been done and the result shows that the IoT-RMS can be accommodated in road vehicles to reduce the accidents. The proposed system is implemented and tested using Arduino Uno with ESP 8266. <s> BIB005 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> 2) PATH DETECTION, LANE DETECTION, AND ACCIDENT REPORTING <s> With the rapid development of the Internet of vehicles, there is a huge amount of multimedia data becoming a hidden trouble in the Internet of Things. Therefore, it is necessary to process and store them in real time as a way of big data curation. In this paper, a method of real-time processing and storage based on CDN in vehicle monitoring system is proposed. The MPEG-DASH standard is used to process the multimedia data by dividing them into MPD files and media segments. A real-time monitoring system of vehicle on the basis of the method introduced is designed and implemented. <s> BIB006 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> 2) PATH DETECTION, LANE DETECTION, AND ACCIDENT REPORTING <s> With the popularity of vehicles, it has been gradually an urgent issue that children, patients, the elderly and other vulnerable people left behind in the vehicle which may lead to casualties. An Internet of Things (IoT) based Intelligent Life Monitoring System for Vehicles is proposed, which combines vehicle interior environment monitoring and emergency management mechanism. Based on theoretical research and analysis, a demo system is designed and implemented. <s> BIB007
Autonomous or Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV) are the key element in the development of a smart city. Lane detection is considered a vital feature to avoid a collision in UGVs. Image-Based obstacle detection and path planning are discussed in BIB002 , which includes the conversion of video into fixed-rate image frames. Frames are then analyzed using image processing techniques, i.e., edge extraction and thresholding. A cloud-based M-IoT system is proposed for accident prevention in BIB004 . HoneyBee Optimization (HBO) based IoT road monitoring system is proposed in BIB005 to detect humps and pothole to prevent accidents. A driving algorithm for path planning is proposed for autonomous vehicles exploiting potential field methods and lane detection in BIB001 . Data is acquired using CCD cameras, differential GPS, 2-dimensional laser scanner, and digital compass. The analysis is performed using the proposed algorithm for lane detection. CDN and MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) are used for a real-time vehicle monitoring system in BIB006 . Ni et al. BIB007 present a novel lifesaving concept for the individuals left behind in the vehicle. The article incorporates life recognition, environmental monitoring, and alarming subsystem. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication in M-IoT based on Direct Short-Range Communication (DSRC) for Intelligent Transport System (ITS) is proposed in BIB003 . Several benefits of using the multimedia Internet of Vehicle Things (IoVT) for a traffic management system are identified in  . Android-based IoT vehicle monitoring system accessing various vehicle parameters and driver behavior analysis using a Controller Area Network (CAN) is presented in  .