Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> I. INTRODUCTION <s> This paper addresses the Internet of Things. Main enabling factor of this promising paradigm is the integration of several technologies and communications solutions. Identification and tracking technologies, wired and wireless sensor and actuator networks, enhanced communication protocols (shared with the Next Generation Internet), and distributed intelligence for smart objects are just the most relevant. As one can easily imagine, any serious contribution to the advance of the Internet of Things must necessarily be the result of synergetic activities conducted in different fields of knowledge, such as telecommunications, informatics, electronics and social science. In such a complex scenario, this survey is directed to those who want to approach this complex discipline and contribute to its development. Different visions of this Internet of Things paradigm are reported and enabling technologies reviewed. What emerges is that still major issues shall be faced by the research community. The most relevant among them are addressed in details. <s> BIB001 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> I. INTRODUCTION <s> A wide spectrum of applications based on Internet of things (IoTs) are recently emerging and have drawn considerable attention. IoT-based multimedia (IoTMM) applications have received relatively less attention. This article provides a review of the field of mobile IoTMM systems; it assesses the state of the art and then discusses some active areas of ongoing research, particularly issues related to video traffic prioritization, virtualization of network elements, mobility management, and security issues. A priority-based resource allocation strategy for IoTMM is also introduced. Overall, IoTMM presents challenges and opportunities for the stakeholders. <s> BIB002 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> I. INTRODUCTION <s> Abstract By combining energy efficient micro-controllers, low-power radio transceivers, and sensors as well as actuators in so called smart objects, we are able to connect the digital cyber world with the physical world as in cyber physical systems. In the vision of the Internet of Things, these smart objects should be seamlessly integrated into the traditional Internet. Typically, smart objects are heavily constrained in terms of computation, memory and energy resources. Furthermore, the commonly used wireless links among smart objects or towards the Internet are typically slow and subject to high packet loss. Such characteristics pose challenges, on one hand in terms of software running on smart objects, and on the other hand in terms of network protocols which smart objects use to communicate. New operating systems, application programming interfaces, frameworks, and middleware have to be designed with consideration of such constraints. In consequence, novel validation methods and experimental tools are needed to study smart object networks in vivo, new software platforms are needed to efficiently operate smart objects, and innovative networking paradigms and protocols are required to interconnect smart objects. <s> BIB003
The amalgamation of the physical and digital world over the traditional Internet paved the way for the future Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is envisaged as the network model to fill the gap between the cyber and physical world BIB001 . The core concept of the IoT is to connect the pervasive objects around us, such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, mobile The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Danda Rawat . devices, sensors and actuators to the Internet through a wired or wireless network. Hence, it enables the objects to interact with each other and their neighbors to enhance the efficiency of the system BIB001 . Several researchers have defined IoT in various contexts  : ''The integration of tiny devices known as Smart Objects (SO), usually battery operated equipped with a Microcontroller (MCU) and transceivers into the global Internet. The services offered by these smart objects are known as Smart Services (SS) BIB003 - [6] . IoT has created new opportunities for machines to communicate with each other and extend the offered applications. Currently, 23 billion devices are connected to the Internet [7] , and these numbers will stretch to 30 billion by 2020 [8] . Conventionally, IoT was assimilated relatively in data sensing devices, particularly in the Machine to Machine (M2M) environment BIB002 . Vigorous growth in the connected devices to the Internet during the last decade and abrupt demand for multimedia traffic has given rise to the emergence of the Multimedia Internet of Things (M-IoT). The equilibrium between QoS data and best-effort data is now in transit towards an increase in multimedia QoS data. Currently, IoT is an assortment, comprising of M2M, Human-to-Machine (H2M), Human-to-Human (H2H), and Machine in/or Humans (MiH) communications (MiH devices may include human embedded chips, medical monitoring probes, and Global Positioning System (GPS))  . M-IoT smart objects are usually resource-constrained, in terms of energy, memory storage, and processing power. To make the devices smaller, cost-effective and energyefficient, sensors are usually designed to be battery operated or solar powered with only a few kilobytes of memory, and limited processing power in megahertz. Multimedia QoS data shows antagonistic behavior as compared to emblematic IoT scalar data. M-IoT devices require higher bandwidth, bulky memory resources, and higher computational power to analyze and process the procured multimedia data. Table 1 shows the difference between scalar and multimedia IoT data. The traditional multimedia application involves the data transmission of point-to-point, point to multipoint, or multipoint to multipoint. On the contrary, M-IoT applications require immense data transmission during multipoint-to-point communication (e.g., the surveillance system of the entire smart city) or multipoint-to-multipoint. Dynamic network, heterogeneous data, higher throughput, QoS, and delay sensitivity over such resource-constrained M-IoT smart objects escalates the challenges for M-IoT. Multimedia data i.e., audio, image, and video is set of unstructured features. Transmission of such bulky and unstructured data over bandwidth and computationally scarce network requires efficient and intelligent network topology. The addition of multimedia data acquisition and communication requires revision and amplification of the traditional IoT system, which we refer to as M-IoT. The revision of IoT for multimedia communication requires efficient feature extraction, event processing, encoding/decoding, energyaware computation, lightweight and priority-based routing, QoS and QoE maintaining performance metrics, effective channel access, and fair-MAC protocols. Real-world multimedia applications include an example of rescue vehicles based emergency response systems, traffic monitoring, GPS based path tracking, agricultural monitoring, crime inspection, smart cities, smart homes, smart museum, surveillance systems, security system for authentication and authorization, multimedia-based e-health, patient monitoring in smart hospitals, and industrial monitoring systems. Fig. 1 conceptualize the multimedia communication in IoT in every domain-specific applications. This article presents a comprehensive state of the art survey on M-IoT. There are several published research papers that cover different aspects of IoT. To the best of our knowledge, this article is the first that covers the studies specifically targeting multimedia communication in IoT in the context of the above-mentioned requirements.