A review of CPS 5 components architecture for manufacturing based on standards <s> III. CPS 5 COMPONENTS CHALLENGE FOR MANUFACTURING <s> Abstract Manufacturing companies are continuously facing the challenge of operating their manufacturing processes and systems in order to deliver the required production rates of high quality products, while minimizing the use of resources. Production quality is proposed in this paper as a new paradigm aiming at going beyond traditional six-sigma approaches. This new paradigm is extremely relevant in technology intensive and emerging strategic manufacturing sectors, such as aeronautics, automotive, energy, medical technology, micro-manufacturing, electronics and mechatronics. Traditional six-sigma techniques show strong limitations in highly changeable production contexts, characterized by small batch productions, customized, or even one-of-a-kind products, and in-line product inspections. Innovative and integrated quality, production logistics and maintenance design, management and control methods as well as advanced technological enablers have a key role to achieve the overall production quality goal. This paper revises problems, methods and tools to support this paradigm and highlights the main challenges and opportunities for manufacturing industries in this context. <s> BIB001 </s> A review of CPS 5 components architecture for manufacturing based on standards <s> III. CPS 5 COMPONENTS CHALLENGE FOR MANUFACTURING <s> A virtual factory should represent most of the features and operations of the corresponding real factory. Some of the key features of the virtual factory include the ability to assess performance at multiple resolutions and generate analytics data similar to that possible in a real factory. One should be able to look at the overall factory performance and be able to drill down to a machine and analyze its performance. It will require a large amount of effort and expertise to build such a virtual factory. This paper describes an effort to build a multiple resolution model of a manufacturing cell. The model provides the ability to study the performance at the cell level or at the machine level. The benefits and limitations of the presented approach and future research directions are also described. <s> BIB002 </s> A review of CPS 5 components architecture for manufacturing based on standards <s> III. CPS 5 COMPONENTS CHALLENGE FOR MANUFACTURING <s> In the engineering and manufacturing domain, there is currently an atmosphere of departure to a new era of digitized production. In different regions, initiatives in these directions are known under different names, such as industrie du futur in France, industrial internet in the US or Industrie 4.0 in Germany. While the vision of digitizing production and manufacturing gained much traction lately, it is still relatively unclear how this vision can actually be implemented with concrete standards and technologies. Within the German Industry 4.0 initiative, the concept of an Administrative Shell was devised to respond to these requirements. The Administrative Shell is planned to provide a digital representation of all information being available about and from an object which can be a hardware system or a software platform. In this paper, we present an approach to developing such a digital representation based on semantic knowledge representation formalisms such as RDF, RDF Schema and OWL. We present our concept of a Semantic I4.0 Component which addresses the communication and comprehension challenges in Industry 4.0 scenarios using semantic technologies. Our approach is illustrated with a concrete example showing its benefits in a real-world use case. <s> BIB003
A few articles address the challenges of standardization and seamless process integration, seamless data aggregation and disaggregation BIB002 , standardization compliance BIB003 , and productservice innovation, product variety, quality standards, support services, and immediacy or order satisfaction BIB001 . Industrial Automation Systems (IASs) are commonly developed using the de-facto standard IEC 61131 BIB003 . Although version 2.0 of IEC 61131 is introduced to address the new challenges of Complex Industrial Automation (CIA) systems, the standard IEC 61499 has been defined to eliminate limitation of IEC 61131. However, we need more and more work on standardization for maturing this new emerging technology  .