Sustainability in Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review for Building up a Knowledge Base <s> RQ4: How is sustainability support performed? <s> Groundwater currently accounts for over 20% of the daily water usage in the United States. As the contamination of groundwater reserves also continues to increase from a variety of pollutants, remediation becomes necessary. Whether the remediation method involves containing or cleaning, a fundamental understanding of the groundwater flow patterns is necessary. This can now be gained through predictive models due to advances in groundwater simulation research. One such method, the Superblock Analytical Element Method (AEM) is capable of capturing both large-scale trends and small-scale variations in complex, heterogeneous flow fields. These trends and variations are not captured by current numerical solutions, typified by finite difference and finite element formulations. The Superblock AEM, as with many groundwater solvers, has a substantial number of input parameters and produces large amounts of 3D output. Thus, an intuitive, 3D visual framework would greatly enhance the usability of the method. With the Superblock AEM as a core solver, Groundwater TRANsport 3D (GTRAN3D) has been developed to provide a platform for modeling and viewing advective and diffusive contaminant spreading over non-intersecting spheroidal in-homogeneities in groundwater. The developed system allows a user to create an input scenario through an interactive three-dimensional graphical user interface (GUI), send that input to the solver, and then view the results on systems ranging from desktop computers to immersive Virtual Reality (VR) environments. In addition, the software can be used on any operating system or even accessed via a web interface. The development of the software framework is discussed along with the presentation of several test cases. <s> BIB001 </s> Sustainability in Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review for Building up a Knowledge Base <s> RQ4: How is sustainability support performed? <s> Developing sustainable approaches to manufacture is a critical global problem concerned by people with a lack of resource on Planet Earth. An increasing interest in product take-back, product recovery and the redistribution has been concerned increasingly. Such as green remanufacturing, in particular, has a strong history of product recovery operations in the automotive sector. It can be both more profitable and less harmful to the environment compare with conventional manufacturing. However, the application of green remanufacturing in structural machinery didn?t draw attention. This paper provides the background of green remanufacturing together with the way of product recovery reverse engineering theory. Such as, study target, content, methods, design order, key technology and application of reverse engineering. This method can measure and evaluate wear of machine parts which have complicated curved surface quantitatively, accurately and visualization ally. Reverse engineering methods and technologies play an important role in many software engineering tasks of product model. The significance of this research contributes to theory, to industry and to future research in the field. <s> BIB002 </s> Sustainability in Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review for Building up a Knowledge Base <s> RQ4: How is sustainability support performed? <s> We describe collaborative efforts among a group of Knowledge Representation (KR) experts, domain scientists, and scientific information managers in developing knowledge models for ecological and environmental concepts. The development of formal, structured approaches to KR used by the group (i.e., ontologies) can be informed by evidence marshalled from unstructured approaches to KR and semantic tagging already in use by the community. <s> BIB003 </s> Sustainability in Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review for Building up a Knowledge Base <s> RQ4: How is sustainability support performed? <s> With increasing environmental consciousness and the establishment of environmental protection regulations, green product design not only plays a crucial role in a modern industry but is also becoming the main focus of the future market. In this paper, an innovative method is presented that uses the concepts of atomic theory to solve design modularization problems for green product design. With the developed method, products can be modularized based upon given green constraints, e.g., material compatibility, part recyclability, and part disassemblability. The developed method can help engineers effectively create green designs in the initial design stage, based on product lifecycle requirements. With green considerations incorporated into new modules, a new design can be created that improves upon an original design, with respect to environmental impacts. Product designers can use our method to compare differences between their original designs and the new green modules and then perform necessary design modifications. A table lamp and a motor are used as case study examples to show the effectiveness of the atomic-theory-based green product design method. <s> BIB004 </s> Sustainability in Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review for Building up a Knowledge Base <s> RQ4: How is sustainability support performed? <s> Contrary to the common assumption that software is "environmentally friendly" simply because it is virtual, the processes and methods used to develop, maintain and deploy software do have an environmental and social impact that is normally not accounted for by software development practices. For example, e-waste could be greatly minimized if software vendors would take into consideration the lifetime of old hardware. Like so, software that is dependable minimizes waste of resources used to support the system. This paper introduces a set of software engineering metrics that can be used to assess the economic, social and environmental sustainability of software projects, and it demonstrates how these metrics were used to assess a real project. <s> BIB005 </s> Sustainability in Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review for Building up a Knowledge Base <s> RQ4: How is sustainability support performed? <s> Green building is a sustainable concept to reduce enviromental impact. Decision-making for green building is a complex task. We present a multi-stage green building framework that will guide future development of a comprehensive multiple stage, multiple objective (MSMO) decision-making framework. Various software tools can assist in studying components of our multi-stage framework. We seek to simultaneously explore building options via a Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments (DACE) approach that uses experimental design and statistical analysis to uncover multivariate patterns that will provide guidance for green building decisions. DACE is a useful method for studying complex engineering systems, and DACE models will be incorporated into our MSMO framework. <s> BIB006 </s> Sustainability in Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review for Building up a Knowledge Base <s> RQ4: How is sustainability support performed? <s> Abstract The resource and power consumption of ICT is still increasing, but also the benefits of ICT, e.g. in finding more efficient solutions for environmental problems. To date, it is not clear, whether the resource and energy savings through ICT overbalance the resource and energy consumption by ICT, or not. Up to now, manifold efforts of Green IT address the environmental aspects of sustainability considering computer hardware. However, there is still a lack of models, descriptions or realizations in the area of computer software and software process models. In our contribution, we first propose definitions of the terms “Green and Sustainable Software” and “Green and Sustainable Software Engineering”, then we outline a conceptual reference model, the GREENSOFT Model. This model includes a cradle-to-grave product life cycle model for software products, sustainability metrics and criteria for software, software engineering extensions for sustainably sound software design and development, as well as appropriate guidance. <s> BIB007
Constructive support for sustainability is performed by frameworks, models, methods, and metrics (Tab. X). Thereby, most approaches are specific to a special application domain, as visible by the density on the domain-specific side in Fig. 2. • Frameworks, e.g., for civil engineering BIB006 or contaminant transport BIB001 • Models, e.g., for software systems BIB007 or databases  • Methods for specific application areas, e.g., security technology BIB002 , green product design BIB004 , or ecology knowledge BIB003 • Metrics, e.g., for sustainability in eBusiness BIB005 We chose just a few of the approaches for illustration and preferred the ones that are rather close to sustainability in software engineering. Furthermore, there are some empirical publications and rather few discussions.