Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> Supply chain operations reference (SCOR) based model <s> Nowadays more than ever, supply chain management has gained a tremendous amount of attention from both the academic and practitioner communities. It provides a revolutionary management philosophy to cope with the increasing business competition and economy globalization. However, there exist many puzzles, especially in structure mapping and analysis, and performance measurement. The objective of this paper is to propose a process‐based approach to mapping and analyzing the practically complex supply chain network. Via this approach, a process‐based performance measurement system is proposed, in which a method called performance of activity is used to identify the performance measures and metrics. <s> BIB001 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> Supply chain operations reference (SCOR) based model <s> This study deals with the supply chain (SC) performance formalization. We propose to build performance measurement systems (PMSs) by linking an overall performance expression to elementary ones. The overall performance is associated to a global objective whose break-down provides elementary objectives. Elementary performances are thus aggregated in a corollary way. The problem in the design of such PMS's, by the break-down/aggregation model, concerns both the coherent elementary performance expressions and the definition of the links between them. Some answers are proposed in the literature, such as the weighted mean aggregation operator, to handle hierarchical links, the Choquet integral operator, for taking interactions into account. As global frameworks, the AHP or MACBETH methodologies are suggested. By considering the SCOR model break-down, we propose to extend here the proposed approaches for expressing the overall performance of a SC. An aggregation methodology, based on the Choquet integral operator and MACBETH framework, is thus adopted. <s> BIB002
Among 42 journal articles, nine papers (21.43%) employed the SCOR as a single approach in constructing models. The SCOR model (Supply Chain Council 2006) was introduced in 1996 and includes five basic processes including plan, source, make, deliver, and return. Also, it represents thousands of performance metrics characteristics in reliability, responsiveness, flexibility, cost, and asset attributes. These attributes are characteristics of the supply chain that permits it to be analyzed and evaluated against other supply chains with competing strategies. The SCOR model is the only supply chain framework that links performance metrics, best practices and software requirements to a detailed business process model (Ramaa et al. 2009 ). Some of the performance articles used the perspectives and or attributes and or metrics of SCOR in developing their models. Cai et al. (2009) proposed a framework using a systematic approach to improve the iterative key performance indicators accomplishment in a supply chain context. The proposed framework quantitatively analyzed the interdependent relationships among a set of key performance indicators. The framework includes a systematic approach that helps to analyze and select the right key performance indicator groups and strategies for their accomplishment, to improve supply chain performance. Considering the complicated characteristics of supply chains, the authors used a process-oriented SCOR model to identify the basic performance measures and the key performance indicators in their methodology. BIB002 with the aim of SC performance formalization modeled it according to the SCOR model, with its five main processes (Plan, Source, Make, Deliver and return). reliability and responsiveness/flexibility attributes and costs and assets attributes as effectiveness and efficiency respectively and constructed the supply chain performance model based on these criteria. (2008) proposed a model with the aim of more user-friendly SC performance measurement model than the model proposed by BIB001 . For this, the authors employed SCOR model and combined it with Chan and Qi model. They demonstrated that these two methods complement each other when measuring SC performance.