Security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks:a survey <s> INCORPORATING SECURITY AND OTHER CHALLENGES <s> The importance of emergency services has lead to an indispensable need for lightweight technologies that will support emergency rescue missions. Due to their nature and the non-infrastructure characteristics Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are characterised as autonomous networks that have the potential to be exploited when wireless communications should be established in an ad-hoc manner in cases that traditional telecommunications infrastructures such as 3G have failed. A critical issue within the context of MANETs is the routing protocol that has to be followed by the nodes in order to set up communication “bridges” among each other. On the other hand, malicious entities may try to disrupt the conventional functionality of any routing protocol by (i) modifying routing information, (ii) fabricating false routing information and (iii) impersonating other nodes. In this paper we apply the IPSec protocol over well known routing protocols for MANETs and we evaluate their performance along with the lines of choosing an appropriate secure routing mechanism that can be applicable in emergency MANETs (eMANETs). These are MANETs that are established during an emergency scenario to provide communication links among the rescuers. To simulate the mobility of the rescuers during an emergency mission an appropriate mobility model has been utilised and acknowledged. <s> BIB001 </s> Security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks:a survey <s> INCORPORATING SECURITY AND OTHER CHALLENGES <s> We propose and present a framework for enabling policy-based routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) by applying policy rules associated with the security and reliability (of connection) to peer-to-peer security associations (SA) that are established on (multi-link) routes. In this proposal, we leverage and integrate the concept of dispersity routing with the management and maintenance of an existing modular security architecture. We adopt the Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol to achieve dispersity routing. We further expand the modular security architecture, containing the Trust-enhanced Routing Table (TRT) module to include a reliability metric so that a route, among multiple available routes to a destination, may be selected and tracked with policy-set parameters. Under our proposal, a secure route is one that would be mapped through authenticated (trusted) nodes with established SAs, whereas a reliable route is one that would have a high Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF). The combination of trust and reliability as parameters used with multiple routes renders a graded routing service — the capability of providing several potential routes to a destination in a MANET, each of which may be selected because its security and reliability metrics match those of the policy. We support this proposal with a proof of concept simulation and we discuss that secure and reliable policy-based routing in MANETs is a worthwhile area for further research and investment. <s> BIB002
One way to provide security in MANET, besides decreasing network overhead, is to incorporate security approaches with other challenges. In this way, both challenges are solved by improving security parameters in total. We discuss these combinational approaches as follows: Secure routing protocols: The aim of these approaches is to provide security in routing phase. When a node wants to create a path to a destination, it uses some mechanisms to find a secure path and detect malicious nodes in the selected path before sending packets or after sending a number of packets. Authors in BIB001 presented a secure routing protocol based on using IPSEC in MANET routing protocols. Authors in BIB002 presented a trust based security routing protocol to create secure path. In MANET, there is more than one path between two different nodes. Selecting best path based on both routing and security, will improve security parameters. 