A Review of Architectures and Concepts for Intelligence in Future Electric Energy Systems <s> B. DSEMS <s> Most advantages that the smart grid will bring derive from its capability of improving reliability performance and customers’ responsiveness and encouraging greater efficiency decisions by the costumers. Demand side management is, therefore, considered as an integral part of the smart grid and one of the most important methods of energy saving. Accordingly, an innovative decision support and energy management system (DSEMS) for residential applications is proposed in this paper. The DSEMS is represented as a finite state machine and consists of a series of scenarios that may be selected according to the user preferences. The designing and testing methods are described and some simulations results are presented in order to verify its effectiveness both in terms of continuity of electricity supply and energy savings and economics. <s> BIB001 </s> A Review of Architectures and Concepts for Intelligence in Future Electric Energy Systems <s> B. DSEMS <s> In this paper different innovative control logics for electric and thermal loads control in residential buildings are presented. The designed control logics are implementable in residential buildings thanks to Building Automation Control Systems (BACS) and Technical Building Management (TBM) systems. They have been tested using a simulation tool developed by the authors that is able to assess their effects on residential buildings having various characteristics and equipments. An application example is presented. <s> BIB002 </s> A Review of Architectures and Concepts for Intelligence in Future Electric Energy Systems <s> B. DSEMS <s> Abstract The paper focuses on the evaluation of the impact on residential buildings of building automation control (BAC) and technical building management (TBM) systems. This work shows how the control, monitoring and automation functions considered by the European Standard EN 15232 can considerably influence the energy performance of a single-family test house and, consequently, its energy performance class. The study puts into evidence that the benefit that can be drawn from the installation of BAC and TBM systems depends on the type of technical appliances in the household and on the starting energy performance class. Finally, the economic impact due to the introduction of BACS or TBM function is evaluated for different starting energy classes of the household under consideration. <s> BIB003
In BIB001 and BIB002 , the authors proposed a decision support and energy management system (DSEMS) that can be used for residential, commercial, and industrial customers. This concept is modeled as a finite state machine and consists of some scenarios that can be selected according to the customer's preferences. The inputs of the systems are the measured energy from available resources (i.e., from the distribution network and local or other electrical or thermal energy sources) and information related to hourly electrical and thermal energy tariffs, status of the network in terms of components availability, users requirements, contract constraints, messages from the DSO, and environmental parameters. The system generates the command signals for the management of thermal and electrical loads and the messages for the end user (i.e., information about controlled devices, load state information, energy consumption and energy saving suggestions for achieving energy saving, and messages from the DSO). The DSEMS is also endowed with a climate control, both used during summer and winter seasons. The temperature set point of the split is progressively modified in order to decrease the power absorption when the maximum power limit is exceeded or during periods when the cost of energy is high BIB001 . In BIB002 , the effectiveness of the DSEMS for residential applications is evaluated by varying the energy class of the house from A to G and considering different scenarios (e.g., comfort, economy, and energy) for two locations characterized by different external climatic conditions. The simulated and experimental tests evidence that the use of DSEMS allows decreasing both energy consumptions and costs by not deteriorating the user comfort. Higher benefits can be obtained for houses with high energy consumption and characterized by a lower initial energy class with a maximum reduction of about 30% of the initial energy consumption achieved for class G houses BIB003 . This system is also useful for DSOs as it can help mitigating peak loads due to air conditioners usage.