A Review on the Extraction of Quantitative Retinal Microvascular Image Feature <s> Focal Arteriolar Narrowing Measurement. <s> Background: Narrowing of the small arterioles has been hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension, but prospective clinical data are lacking. Objective: To examine the relation of retinal arteriolar narrowing to incident hypertension in healthy middle-aged persons. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: The population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, conducted in 4 U.S. communities. Participants: 5628 persons 49 to 73 years of age without pre-existing hypertension. Measurements: Diameters of retinal vessels were measured from digitized retinal photographs. A summary arteriole-to-venule ratio was computed as an indicator of generalized arteriolar narrowing; a lower ratio indicated greater narrowing. Areas of focal arteriolar narrowing were defined from photographs by using a standard protocol. Incident hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher, diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher, or use of antihypertensive medication, was identified from the cohort. Results: After 3 years of follow-up, 811 (14.4%) persons had developed hypertension. The incidence of hypertension was higher in persons with lower arteriole-to-venule ratios (incidence of 8.9%, 12.3%, 13.7%, 14.3%, and 22.3%, comparing decreasing quintiles of the ratio) and in persons with focal arteriolar narrowing than in those without focal arteriolar narrowing (25.1% vs. 13.0%). After the authors controlled for the average systolic and diastolic blood pressures over the preceding 6 years, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and other risk factors, the odds of developing hypertension were approximately 60% higher in persons with lower arteriole-to-venule ratios (odds ratio, 1.62 [95% Cl, 1.21 to 2.18] comparing lowest to highest quintile; P = 0.006 for trend) and focal arteriolar narrowing (odds ratio, 1.61 [Cl, 1.27 to 2.04]; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Smaller retinal arteriolar diameters are independently associated with incident hypertension, which suggests that arteriolar narrowing may be linked to the occurrence and development of hypertension. <s> BIB001 </s> A Review on the Extraction of Quantitative Retinal Microvascular Image Feature <s> Focal Arteriolar Narrowing Measurement. <s> Background and Purpose— Deep intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and lacunar infarcts are the result of small vessel disease, whereas nonlacunar infarcts are often caused by large artery atherosclerosis or cardiac embolism. We hypothesized that patients with deep ICH and lacunar infarcts have similar retinal microvascular signs and that these differ from those seen in patients with nonlacunar infarcts. Methods— We studied patients with acute stroke and classified their stroke as deep ICH, lacunar infarction, or nonlacunar infarction. In a masked fashion we assessed retinal photographs for quantitative and qualitative evidence of microvascular damage. Results— We recruited 630 patients (51 had deep ICH, 93 had lacunar infarction, and 486 had nonlacunar infarction). Patients with deep ICH were more likely than those with nonlacunar infarcts to have severe focal narrowing of the retinal arterioles (OR, 3.7), severe arteriovenous nicking (OR, 2.6), and quantitatively narrower retinal arterioles and wider retinal v... <s> BIB002
Focal arteriolar narrowing is also a symptom for the early detection of hypertension and acute stroke. Focal arteriolar narrowing generally occurs with the increasing arteriolar blood pressure from 130mm Hg to 160mm Hg that affects the arteriolar wall BIB002 . The study of BIB001 investigated the relationship between the arteriolar narrowing and hypertension and found that the hypertension increasing rate is higher among the people with arteriolar narrowing. Figure 6 shows the focal arteriolar narrowing in fundus retinal image.