A Survey of Tablet Applications for Promoting Successful Aging in Older Adults <s> II. CONTRIBUTIONS <s> This article presents a comprehensive literature review to investigate whether and why older adults accept handheld computers and how to design elderly-friendly handheld computers. Findings about acceptance, input devices, menu and functions, and output devices are summarized. First, older adults were under social pressure to use mobile phones, but they had low acceptance of advanced functions. Also, they had a different way to judge acceptance factors from younger adults. Second, older adults preferred the physical keyboard to the on-screen keyboard for text entry, whereas they preferred tapping the touch pad to the joystick and buttons for pointing tasks. Third, older adults had shallower mental representation of the mobile phone menus than younger adults. Navigation aids providing contextual information and large cognitive preview per screen could help them. Finally, recommended size and spacing for text and icons are presented. <s> BIB001 </s> A Survey of Tablet Applications for Promoting Successful Aging in Older Adults <s> II. CONTRIBUTIONS <s> OBJECTIVES ::: To provide an overview of medication adherence, discuss the potential for smartphone medication adherence applications (adherence apps) to improve medication nonadherence, evaluate features of adherence apps across operating systems (OSs), and identify future opportunities and barriers facing adherence apps. ::: ::: ::: PRACTICE DESCRIPTION ::: Medication nonadherence is a common, complex, and costly problem that contributes to poor treatment outcomes and consumes health care resources. Nonadherence is difficult to measure precisely, and interventions to mitigate it have been largely unsuccessful. ::: ::: ::: PRACTICE INNOVATION ::: Using smartphone adherence apps represents a novel approach to improving adherence. This readily available technology offers many features that can be designed to help patients and health care providers improve medication-taking behavior. ::: ::: ::: MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ::: Currently available apps were identified from the three main smartphone OSs (Apple, Android, and Blackberry). In addition, desirable features for adherence apps were identified and ranked by perceived importance to user desirability using a three-point rating system: 1, modest; 2, moderate; or 3, high. The 10 highest-rated apps were installed and subjected to user testing to assess app attributes using a standard medication regimen. RESULTS 160 adherence apps were identified and ranked. These apps were most prevalent for the Android OS. Adherence apps with advanced functionality were more prevalent on the Apple iPhone OS. Among all apps, MyMedSchedule, MyMeds, and RxmindMe rated the highest because of their basic medication reminder features coupled with their enhanced levels of functionality. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSION ::: Despite being untested, medication apps represent a possible strategy that pharmacists can recommend to nonadherent patients and incorporate into their practice. <s> BIB002 </s> A Survey of Tablet Applications for Promoting Successful Aging in Older Adults <s> II. CONTRIBUTIONS <s> OBJECTIVE ::: To report on the results of a review concerning the use of mobile phones for health with older adults. ::: ::: ::: METHODS ::: PubMed and CINAHL were searched for articles using "older adults" and "mobile phones" along with related terms and synonyms between 1965 and June 2012. Identified articles were filtered by the following inclusion criteria: original research project utilizing a mobile phone as an intervention, involve/target adults 60 years of age or older, and have an aim emphasizing the mobile phone's use in health. ::: ::: ::: RESULTS ::: Twenty-one different articles were found and categorized into ten different clinical domains, including diabetes, activities of daily life, and dementia care, among others. The largest group of articles focused on diabetes care (4 articles), followed by COPD (3 articles), Alzheimer's/dementia Care (3 articles) and osteoarthritis (3 articles). Areas of interest studied included feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness. While there were many different clinical domains, the majority of studies were pilot studies that needed more work to establish a stronger base of evidence. ::: ::: ::: CONCLUSIONS ::: Current work in using mobile phones for older adult use are spread across a variety of clinical domains. While this work is promising, current studies are generally smaller feasibility studies, and thus future work is needed to establish more generalizable, stronger base of evidence for effectiveness of these interventions. <s> BIB003 </s> A Survey of Tablet Applications for Promoting Successful Aging in Older Adults <s> II. CONTRIBUTIONS <s> Healthcare providers are often looking for ways to objectively monitor and improve their patients' health and fitness, especially in between patient visits. Some insurance companies are using applications data as incentives to improve health and lower premiums. As more and more people start to use smartphones, they may provide a tool to help improve a patient's health and fitness. Specifically, fitness applications or "apps" on smartphones are programs that use data collected from a smartphone's inbuilt tools, such as the Global Positioning System, accelerometer, microphone, speaker, and camera, to measure health and fitness parameters. The apps then analyze these data and summarize them, as well as devise individualized plans based on users' goals, provide frequent feedback, personalized coaching, and additional motivation by allowing milestones to be shared on social media. This article introduces evidence that apps can better help patients reach their health and fitness goals. It then discusses what features to look for in an app, followed by an overview of popular health and fitness apps. Last, patient scenarios with app recommendations, limitations of apps, and future research are discussed. <s> BIB004
Most review articles discuss advantages and disadvantages of smartphone/tablet based solutions belonging to a specific domain of ''Successful Aging''. Dayer et al. BIB002 reviewed medication adherence applications available on different smartphone platforms. Joe and Demiris BIB003 studied the impact of mobile phone on health of older adults. A recent review by Higgins highlighted the usefulness of smartphones in achieving health and fitness goals BIB004 . Other reviews study older adults' touchscreen interactions BIB003 , BIB001 . In this survey paper, we describe tablet-based studies involving older adults since the introduction of the iPad in 2010, addressing different components of ''Successful Aging''. We also discuss challenges and opportunities in each domain, and conclude with a suggestion for integrating all domains into a single platform. This paper is organized as follows: Section III describes the usability studies for tablets conducted with older adults and studies comparing older adult touchscreen performance with laptop/desktop performance. Sections IV -VII include tabletbased studies within each domain of ''Successful Aging''. Finally, we conclude by highlighting further research directions and rationalizing the need for and challenges around implementing a tablet-based integrated platform for ''Successful Aging''.