A review on integrated process planning and scheduling <s> Distributed Process Planning <s> Abstract The job shop scheduling literature deals with problems characterized by a fixed linear process plan for each job: it is assumed that the process planning problem has been solved before scheduling, and no flexibility in the process plan is considered. Our aim here is to propose a solution approach for a joint process plan selection and job shop scheduling problem, taking both operations cost and makespan into account within a multi-objective framework. Due to the complexity of the problem, a two-phase hierarchical method is proposed. In the first phase, a relaxed version of the problem is solved, yielding an approximation of the set of efficient process plans with respect to cost and load balancing objectives. Each process plan is then considered and the corresponding scheduling problem is solved by tabu search; the process plan selection is improved by a two-level hierarchical tabu search algorithm. <s> BIB001 </s> A review on integrated process planning and scheduling <s> Distributed Process Planning <s> Traditionally, process planning and scheduling have been rather separate activities within a company. Nowadays, the need for more flexible production and shorter production lead times urges for a close collaboration between these activities as a first step towards simultaneous engineering. This article describes the results of the ESPRIT project COMPLAN, which aims at the implementation of an integrated automatic process planning and scheduling system based on the concept of non-linear process plans. In addition to the use of NLPP for flexible load balancing and reactive rescheduling, a new collaborative approach is presented that is based on production constraints as a means to realize a feedback from scheduling to process planning. A process-planning kernel is described that integrates this concept of production constraints. <s> BIB002 </s> A review on integrated process planning and scheduling <s> Distributed Process Planning <s> As companies attempt to increase customization levels in their product offerings, move toward smaller lot production, and experi ment with more flexible customer/supplier arrangements such as those made possible by electronic data interchange (EDI), they increas ingly require the ability to (1) respond quickly, accurately, and competitively to customer requests for bids on new or modified products and (2) efficiently work out supplier/subcontractor arrangements for these products This in turn requires the ability to (1) rapidly convert standard-based product specifications into process plans and (2) quickly integrate process plans for new orders into the existing production schedule to best accommodate the current state of the manufacturing enterprise <s> BIB003 </s> A review on integrated process planning and scheduling <s> Distributed Process Planning <s> With the fast development of the world economy, distributed virtual manufacturing is becoming increasingly important since it can respond rapidly to market changes and make resource sharing more efficient among manufacturing partners. In this environment, partners may be located at different geographical locations, and co-operation among partners is a vital task and thus concurrent planning and scheduling has become a challenging research topic. This paper presents a computerized model that can integrate these manufacturing functions and resolve some of the critical problems in distributed virtual manufacturing, such as virtual co-operation, optimal partner selection, etc. This integration model is realized through a multi-agent approach that provides a practical approach for software integration in a distributed environment. A cost function is proposed and adopted for optimal partner selection in a virtual enterprise, which not only considers a partner's manufacturing capability and process requirements, but also the processing time, partner's location and product due date. Through establishing a virtual manufacturing model in a simulated environment, the proposal was validated with a case study. It shows that the proposed methodology can satisfy the distribution and agility requirements. This approach is able to contribute to the reduction of product cost, improving product quality and shortening lead time, compared to the sequential approach in the normal engineering and production practice. <s> BIB004 </s> A review on integrated process planning and scheduling <s> Distributed Process Planning <s> A changing shop floor environment characterized by larger variety of products in smaller batch sizes requires creating an intelligent and dynamic process planning system that is responsive and adaptive to the rapid adjustment of production capacity and functionality. In response to the requirement, this research proposes a new methodology of distributed process planning (DPP). The primary focus of this paper is on the architecture of the new process planning approach, using multi-agent negotiation and cooperation. The secondary focus is on the other supporting technologies such as machining feature-based planning and function block-based control. Different from traditional methods, the proposed approach uses two-level decision-making—supervisory planning and operation planning. The former focuses on product data analysis, machine selection, and machining sequence planning, while the latter considers the detailed working steps of the machining operations inside of each process plan and is accomplished by intelligent NC controllers. By the nature of decentralization, the DPP shows promise of improving system performance within the continually changing shop floor environment. <s> BIB005 </s> A review on integrated process planning and scheduling <s> Distributed Process Planning <s> The research objective is to develop methodologies and framework for collaborative process planning and scheduling, supported by a real-time monitoring system in distributed environments. A function block enabled collaborative process planning approach is proposed to handle various dynamic changes during process plan generation and execution. This paper focuses on collaborative process planning, particularly on the development of a function block designer As function blocks can sense environmental changes, it is expected that a so generated process plan can adapt itself to the changes with dynamically optimized solutions for plan execution and process monitoring. <s> BIB006
The methodology of DPP uses concurrent engineering approach to perform both the process planning and the scheduling simultaneously. It divides the process planning and scheduling tasks into two phases. The first phase is the initial planning phase. In this phase, the characteristics of parts and the relationship between the parts are analysed. And, the primary process plans and scheduling plan are determined. The process resources are also evaluated simultaneously. The second phase is the detailed planning phase. It has been divided into two phases: the matching planning phase and the final planning phase. In this phase, the process plans are adjusted to the current status of shop floor. The detailed process plans and scheduling plans are obtained simultaneously. DPP can also be called as just-in-time process planning, concurrent process planning, or collaborative process planning. The basic flow chart of DPP is shown in Figure 3 . BIB001 proposed a two-phase hierarchical method to integrate these two systems together. In the first phase, a relaxed version of the problem was solved, yielding an approximation of the set of efficient process plans with respect to cost and load-balancing objectives. Each process plan was then considered and the corresponding scheduling problem was solved by TS, and the process plan selection was improved by a two-level hierarchical TS algorithm. BIB002 demonstrated three modules of the collaborative process-planning system. BIB003 described an Integrated Process Planning/Production Scheduling (IP3S) system for agile manufacturing. And, IP3S was based on a blackboard architecture that supported concurrent development and dynamic revision of IP3S solutions along with powerful workflow management functionalities for 'what-if' development and maintenance of multiple problem assumptions and associated solutions. BIB004 gave the integration model of IPPS in the distributed virtual manufacturing environment.  presented the framework of concurrent process planning based on Holon. BIB005 proposed a methodology of DPP, and used multi-agent negotiation and cooperation to construct the architecture of the new process-planning method. And, this paper also focused on the supporting technologies such as machining-feature-based planning and function-block-based control. BIB006 presented the framework of collaborative process-planning system supported by a real-time monitoring system.  developed an IPPS and applied it to the holonic manufacturing systems.  used game-theory-based approach to solve IPPS.