Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> a: BIO-METRIC AUTHENTICATION <s> At present, the research of biometric recognition is gave more and more attentions. The iris recognition is a kind of biometrics technologies. Based on Daugman' and Wilds' iris localization algorithms, the paper is to present an improved iris localization method named two-phase approximation localization for authentication system. Firstly, we evaluate the image quality and abandon blurred pictures. And we estimate the center and radius of iris boundaries. After that, the method calculates the center and radius for the second time using vote method. The average time of localization reaches 2.0 seconds and 99.70% at accuracy. The method is much faster than Daugman's and Wilds' classical methods. <s> BIB001 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> a: BIO-METRIC AUTHENTICATION <s> The medical organizations have introduced Telecare Medical Information System (TMIS) to provide a reliable facility by which a patient who is unable to go to a doctor in critical or urgent period, can communicate to a doctor through a medical server via internet from home. An authentication mechanism is needed in TMIS to hide the secret information of both parties, namely a server and a patient. Recent research includes patient's biometric information as well as password to design a remote user authentication scheme that enhances the security level. In a single server environment, one server is responsible for providing services to all the authorized remote patients. However, the problem arises if a patient wishes to access several branch servers, he/she needs to register to the branch servers individually. In 2014, Chuang and Chen proposed an remote user authentication scheme for multi-server environment. In this paper, we have shown that in their scheme, an non-register adversary can successfully logged-in into the system as a valid patient. To resist the weaknesses, we have proposed an authentication scheme for TMIS in multi-server environment where the patients can register to a root telecare server called registration center (RC) in one time to get services from all the telecare branch servers through their registered smart card. Security analysis and comparison shows that our proposed scheme provides better security with low computational and communication cost. <s> BIB002 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> a: BIO-METRIC AUTHENTICATION <s> Illumination variation is one of the most important challenges for robust face recognition system under real environment. It attracts more and more attention in face recognition field. In this paper, an improved retinal modeling is proposed to alleviate the adverse effect of lighting variation on face recognition. There are two main contributions. One is that it develops a new scheme to calculate appropriate adaptation factor through maximum filtering and illumination classification. The factor is quite crucial for illumination normalization by modeling the retinal information processing mechanism. The other is that an adaptive truncation based on the median statistics is used for contour enhancement. The proposed method can preserve image details, while achieves good illumination normalization results. Experimental results on the Extended Yale B face databases show that the new method achieves high recognition rates, and is quite effective in varying lighting condition, especially in difficult lighting situation. <s> BIB003 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> a: BIO-METRIC AUTHENTICATION <s> In this work, a new iris recognition algorithm based on tonal distribution of iris images is introduced. During the process of identification probability distribution functions of colored irises are generated in HSI and YCbCr color spaces. The discrimination between classes is obtained by using Kullback-Leibler divergence. In order to obtain the final decision on recognition, the multi decision on various color channels has been combined by employing mean rule. The decisions of H, S, Y, Cb and Cr color channels have been combined. The proposed technique overcome the conventional principle component analysis technique and achieved a recognition rate of 100% using the UPOL database. The major advantage is the fact that it is computationally less complex than the Daugman's algorithm and it is suitable for using visible light camera as opposed to the one proposed by Daugman where NIR cameras are used for obtaining the irises. <s> BIB004 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> a: BIO-METRIC AUTHENTICATION <s> Since security vulnerabilities represent one of the grand challenges of the Internet of Things (IoT), researchers have proposed what is known as the Internet of Biometric Things (IoBT), which mixes traditional biometric technologies with context-aware authentication techniques. One of the most famous biometric technologies is electronic fingerprint recognition, which acquire fingerprints using different technologies, some of which are more suitable for IoBT than others. Moreover, different fingerprint databases have been built to study the impact of different factors on the accuracy of different fingerprint recognition algorithms and systems. In this paper, we survey the available fingerprint acquisition technologies and the available fingerprint databases. We also identify the advantages and disadvantages of each technology and database. <s> BIB005 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> a: BIO-METRIC AUTHENTICATION <s> Image or video exchange over the Internet of Things (IoT) is a requirement in diverse applications, including smart health care, smart structures, and smart transportations. This paper presents a modular and extensible quadrotor architecture and its specific prototyping for automatic tracking applications. The architecture is extensible and based on off-the-shelf components for easy system prototyping. A target tracking and acquisition application is presented in detail to demonstrate the power and flexibility of the proposed design. Complete design details of the platform are also presented. The designed module implements the basic proportional–integral–derivative control and a custom target acquisition algorithm. Details of the sliding-window-based algorithm are also presented. This algorithm performs $20\times $ faster than comparable approaches in OpenCV with equal accuracy. Additional modules can be integrated for more complex applications, such as search-and-rescue, automatic object tracking, and traffic congestion analysis. A hardware architecture for the newly introduced Better Portable Graphics (BPG) compression algorithm is also introduced in the framework of the extensible quadrotor architecture. Since its introduction in 1987, the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) graphics format has been the de facto choice for image compression. However, the new compression technique BPG outperforms the JPEG in terms of compression quality and size of the compressed file. The objective is to present a hardware architecture for enhanced real-time compression of the image. Finally, a prototyping platform of a hardware architecture for a secure digital camera (SDC) integrated with the secure BPG (SBPG) compression algorithm is presented. The proposed architecture is suitable for high-performance imaging in the IoT and is prototyped in Simulink. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ever proposed hardware architecture for SBPG compression integrated with an SDC. <s> BIB006 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> a: BIO-METRIC AUTHENTICATION <s> Speaker identification systems are becoming more important in today's world. This is especially true as devices rely on the user to speak commands. In this article, an analysis of how a text-independent voice identification system can be built is presented. Extracting the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients is evaluated and a support vector machine is trained and tested on two different data sets, one from LibriSpeech and one from in-house recorded audio files. The results show the ability for such systems to be utilized in both speaker identification and speaker verification tasks. <s> BIB007 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> a: BIO-METRIC AUTHENTICATION <s> Due to the widespread popularity of Internet-enabled devices, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) becomes popular in recent years. However, as the smart devices share the information with each other using an open channel, i.e., Internet, so security and privacy of the shared information remains a paramount concern. There exist some solutions in the literature for preserving security and privacy in IIoT environment. However, due to their heavy computation and communication overheads, these solutions may not be applicable to wide category of applications in IIoT environment. Hence, in this paper, we propose a new biometric-based privacy preserving user authentication (BP2UA) scheme for cloud-based IIoT deployment. BP2UA consists of strong authentication between users and smart devices using preestablished key agreement between smart devices and the gateway node. The formal security analysis of BP2UA using the well-known real-or-random model is provided to prove its session key security. Moreover, an informal security analysis of BP2UA is also given to show its robustness against various types of known attacks. The computation and communication costs of BP2UA in comparison to the other existing schemes of its category demonstrate its effectiveness in the IIoT environment. Finally, the practical demonstration of BP2UA is also done using the NS2 simulation. <s> BIB008 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> a: BIO-METRIC AUTHENTICATION <s> The consumer Internet of Things (IoT) platforms are gaining high popularity. However, due to the open nature of wireless communications, smart home platforms are facing many new challenges, especially in the aspect of security and privacy. In this article, we first introduce the architecture of current popular smart home platforms and elaborate the functions of each component. Then we discuss the security and privacy challenges arising from these platforms and review the state of the art of the proposed countermeasures. We give a comprehensive survey on several new attacks on the voice interface of smart home platforms, which aim to gain unauthorized access and execute over-privileged behaviors to compromise the user's privacy. To thwart these attacks, we propose a novel voice liveness detection system, which analyzes the wireless signals generated by IoT devices and the received voice samples to perform user authentication. We implement a real-world testbed on Samsung's SmartThings platform to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, and demonstrate its effectiveness. <s> BIB009 </s> Multimedia Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey <s> a: BIO-METRIC AUTHENTICATION <s> Abstract Internet of things is a new pattern in wireless communications of things. The basic theory of IoT is the comprehensive presence of different kinds of things in surrounding environment. The three main dimensions of data security in the Internet are integration, privacy and availability. One of the major tools for maintaining the security of Internet medical things is biometric technology. Biometric systems are used in different fields of the smart healthcare. In this regard, we also need a means for identifying people’s identity based on their physical characteristics; the use of biometric data is absolutely critical for IoT functions. Considering this emerging pattern, everything integrated will connect to a virtual chain of connected things with address in the dynamic world of networks. Given the importance of secure connections of things to the Internet and access to them, biometric features are used as identifiers; because they cannot be borrowed, bought, forgotten and they are very difficult to forge or copy. The smart healthcare and IoT resulted in the emergence of a new standard in the applications of biometric data. In this paper, we present a new standard for applying biometric technology to develop smart healthcare using IoT which includes high capacity to access data in addition to being easy to use. In this paper, we reached a more secure way of accessing IoT based on biometrics and fast identity standard by which we can expect significant advances in smart healthcare systems. <s> BIB010
Al-alem et al. BIB005 presented the sketch map leading towards the Internet of Biometric Things (IoBT) using various multimedia devices. Authors have outlined various steps for efficient biometric identification, i.e., image acquisition, segmentation, pre-processing, and feature extraction. Moreover, the article presents insights about different fingerprint acquisition devices, i.e., optical sensors, capacitive sensors, thermal, artificial fingerprints generation, ultrasonic, and digital cameras. Several fingerprint databases are also plotted. The smart objects in Industrial-IoT (IIoT) share information on open channels over the Internet that makes confidential industrial plants vulnerable to an eavesdropper. Das et al. BIB008 presented the cloud-based Biometric-Privacy Preserving User Authentication (BP2UA) technique. The security analysis of the proposed model is conducted using the Oracle-based Real-or-Random (RoR) model. Telecare Medical Information System (TMIS) has been introduced for critical patients to communicate with doctors. BIB002 ), voice bio-metrics ( BIB007 , BIB009 ), retina and iris scanning ( BIB004 , BIB001 ), and face recognition BIB003 . Multimedia data in IoT is widely used in surveillance systems ( [108]- BIB006 ). An un-registered adversary, i.e., attackers can find the loop opportunity to mislead the patient to achieve specific goals. An efficient, secure smart card based on biometric and password double authentication procedures for remote authorization is proposed in BIB002 . H. Hamidi, BIB010 presented a secure biometrics-based technique for Health IoT (H-IoT).