An Overview of Recent Application of Medical Infrared Thermography in Sports Medicine in Austria <s> Electromagnetic Spectrum <s> A monochromator was modified to measure the emissivity, e(λ), of living tissue in the infrared region between 1 and 14 μm. The infrared radiation from the tissue was compared with blackbody radiation and in this way e(λ) has been determined for white skin, black skin, burnt skin and pericardium. A compensating skin thermometer was constructed to measure the temperature of the surface of the tissue. The temperature difference before and after contact between a gold ring and the surface was made as small as possible (0.05 K). A reference radiator with the same spectral radiance (experimentally determined) mas used in compensating for the environment. It appeared that e(λ) for skin is independent of the wavelength and equal to 0.98+-0.01. These results contradict those of Elam, Goodwin and Lloyd Williams, but are in good agreement with those of Hardy and Watmough and Oliver. In addition there was no difference between e(λ) for normal skin and burnt skin. Epicardium values were found to lie between 0.83 (fresh heart) and 0.90 (after 7 h and after 9 d). <s> BIB001 </s> An Overview of Recent Application of Medical Infrared Thermography in Sports Medicine in Austria <s> Electromagnetic Spectrum <s> The paper deals with the application of the infrared thermography to the determination of the convective heat transfer coefficient in complex flow configurations. The fundamental principles upon which the IRTh relies are reviewed. The different methods developed to evaluate the heat exchange are described and illustrated through applications to the aerospace and aeronautical field as well as to the industrial processes. <s> BIB002
There are several medical imaging modalities within the electromagnetic spectrum, which is defined as the range of electromagnetic radiation frequencies. Depending on their physical principles, these various techniques mainly provide anatomical information. MIT is essentially a digital two-dimensional imaging technique that provides data about the physiology of tissues BIB002 . Unlike most diagnostic modalities, MIT is non-invasive. The question is whether physiological images can change prior to anatomic disruption. Specific software makes it possible to incorporate anatomical and physiological information by image fusion, which helps to localize the affected area and extent of the injury. All images are obtained through the energy from the human tissue, leading to a classification based on the energy applied to the body. The energy content of the emission is related to the wavelength of the radiation. Regarding the spectral region, human skin is a black body radiator with an emissivity factor of 0.98 BIB001 and is therefore a perfect emitter of infrared radiation at room temperature. Planck's law describes the characteristics of infrared radiation emitted by an object in terms of spectral radiant emittance  . Formula 1. Planckś radiation law. Human skin emits infrared radiation mainly in the wavelength range of 2-20 m with an average peak of 9-10 m BIB001 . Based on Plank's Law roughly 90% of the emitted infrared radiation in humans is of longer wavelength (8-15 m). Figure 1 gives an overview of the medical imaging modalities used within the electromagnetic spectrum. 