Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> INTRODUCTION <s> In 1998, the Council of Logistics Management modified its definition of logistics to indicate that logistics is a subset of supply chain management and that the two terms are not synonymous. Now that this difference has been recognized by the premier logistics professional organization, the challenge is to determine how to successfully implement supply chain management. This paper concentrates on operationalizing the supply chain management framework suggested in a 1997 article. Case studies conducted at several companies and involving multiple members of supply chains are used to illustrate the concepts described. <s> BIB001 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> INTRODUCTION <s> There can be little dispute that supply chain management is an area of importance in the "eld of management research, yet there have been few literature reviews on this topic (Bechtel and Mulumudi, 1996, Proceedings of the 1996 NAPM Annual Academic Conference; Harland, 1996, British Journal of Management 7 (special issue), 63}80; Cooper et al., 1997). This paper sets out not to review the supply chain literature per se, but rather to contribute to a critical theory debate through the presentation and use of a framework for the categorisation of literature linked to supply chain management. The study is based on the analysis of a large number of publications on supply chain management (books, journal articles, and conference papers) using a Procite ( database from which the literature has been classi"ed according to two criteria: a content- and a methodology-oriented criterion. ( 2000 Elsevier <s> BIB002 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> INTRODUCTION <s> The primary function of any enterprise is to sell its products and/or skills profitably. This aim, compounded by the economic necessity, is often achieved by collaborating with other enterprises. Therefore, manufacturing systems can no longer be seen in isolation; they must be seen in the context of the total business and the associated key linkages of the business: back through the supplier chain and forward into the distribution and customer chain. In reality these chains often take the forms of enterprise networks. There can be almost infinite variations to the range and scope of collaborations within an enterprise network. This paper discusses some recent developments in the nature of bilateral enterprise collaborations and the resulting emergence of new manufacturing paradigms. It attempts to identify the key types of collaborations (supply chain, extended enterprise and virtual enterprise) and analyses their essential attributes and operational characteristics. <s> BIB003 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> INTRODUCTION <s> Most discussions and articles about supply chain metrics are, in actuality, about internal logistics performance measures. The lack of a widely accepted definition for supply chain management and the complexity associated with overlapping supply chains make the development of supply chain metrics difficult. Despite these problems, managers continue to pursue supply chain metrics as a means to increase their “line of sight” over areas they do not directly control, but have a direct impact on their company's performance. We provide a framework for developing supply chain metrics that translates performance into shareholder value. The framework focuses on managing the interfacing customer relationship management and supplier relationship management processes at each link in the supply chain. The translation of process improvements into supplier and customer profitability provides a method for developing metrics that identify opportunities for improved profitability and align objectives across all of the firms in the supply chain. <s> BIB004 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> INTRODUCTION <s> Supply Chain Redesign delivers practical guidance for every aspect of supply chain redesign: mapping existing supply chains; identifying changes that promise the best ROI; intelligently leveraging new technologies; strengthening relationships with key partners; designing products that support lean supply chains; implementing new approaches to strategic cost management; and much more. Coverage includes key success factors, emerging trends, and detailed case studies from Nortel and GM. <s> BIB005 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> INTRODUCTION <s> Supply chain management has become such a popular topic in modern business management and researches. It brings the revolutionary philosophy and approach to manage the business with the sustained competitiveness. However, the existing performance measurement theory fails to provide its necessary support in strategy development, decision making, and performance improvement. This paper attempts to propose an innovative performance measurement method to contribute to the development of supply chain management. A process‐based systematic perspective is employed to build an effective model to measure the holistic performance of complex supply chains. Fuzzy set theory is introduced to address the real situation in judgment and evaluation processes. The main framework of this method is outlined with some suggestions and a simple example. <s> BIB006 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> INTRODUCTION <s> Describes the evolution of performance measurement (PM) in four sections: recommendations, frameworks, systems and inter-organisational performance measurement. Measurement begins with a recommendation, which is a piece of advice related to the measures or structure of performance measurement; frameworks can be dichotomised into a structural and procedural typology that suggests structural framework development has outstripped procedural framework development. The basic requirements for a successful PM system are two frameworks--one structural and one procedural as well as a number of other performance management tools. Inter-organisational performance measurement may be divided into supply chain and extended enterprise performance measurement: the former relying solely on traditional logistics measures, while the latter incorporates the structural aspects of the supply chain system and adds non-logistics perspectives to its measurement arena. Finally, the encroachment of the performance measurement literature into the processes related to performance management is examined, and areas for future research are suggested. <s> BIB007 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> INTRODUCTION <s> This chapter aims to go some way towards addressing the dearth of research into performance measurement systems and metrics of supply chains by critically reviewing the contemporary literature and suggesting possible avenues for future research. The article provides a taxonomy of performance measures followed by a critical evaluation of measurement systems designed to evaluate the performance of supply chains. The chapter argues that despite considerable advances in the literature in recent years, a number of important problems have not yet received adequate attention, including: the factors influencing the successful implementation of performance measurement systems for supply chains; the forces shaping their evolution over time; and, the problem of their ongoing maintenance. The chapter provides both a taxonomy of measures and outlines specific implications for future research. <s> BIB008 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> INTRODUCTION <s> Performance measures and metrics are essential for effectively managing logistics operations, particularly in a competitive global economy. The global economy is featured with global operations, outsourcing and supply chain and e-commerce. The real challenge for managers of this new enterprise environment is to develop suitable performance measures and metrics to make right decisions that would contribute to an improved organizational competitiveness. Now the question is whether traditional performance measures can be used and out of them which ones should be given priority for measuring the performance in a new enterprise environment. Some of the traditional measures and metrics may not be suitable for the new environment wherein many activities are not easily identifiable. Measuring intangibles and nonfinancial performance measures pose the greater challenge in the so-called knowledge economy. Nevertheless, measuring them is so critical for the successful operations of companies in this environment. Con... <s> BIB009 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> INTRODUCTION <s> Literature provides a number of conceptual frameworks and discussions on performance measurement in supply chains. However, most of these frameworks focus on a single link of a supply chain. Furthermore, there is a lack of empirical analysis and case studies on performance metrics and measurements in a supply chain context. This article provides the results of an empirical study into performance measurement in the automotive spare parts supply chain, with a focus on the dependent channel. We have applied a supply chain performance measurement model called the LogistiQual model. We will discuss the types of measures used by companies in the automotive spare parts supply chain and will argue that in the automotive spare parts supply chain performance is, to a certain extent, measured with a supply chain perspective but not completely. <s> BIB010 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> INTRODUCTION <s> Purpose - This research aims to identify, categorise and compare supply chain measures and benefits listed in literature-based case studies that were named as “best practices”. Design/methodology/approach - The research applies iterative triangulation which is a method used to build theories from existing case studies. Selected case studies collected by project partners are used as a source of secondary data. The paper applies various approaches to classifying supply chains as well as identifying the difference between measures proposed in the literature and those used by case companies. Findings - The analysis of the selected sample of cases indicated that the most common measures were related to economic aspects and to operational level activities. There is a lack of shared supply chain measures at the inter-organizational level, while social and environmental aspects are largely ignored. Originality/value - The majority of the measures identified in the collected cases were economic (relating to cost, time, quality and customer). Metrics at an operational level dominate, while supply chain metrics are hardly used. Findings indicate that current performance measurement approaches do not generally include social and environmental issues, which are becoming increasingly important in business. <s> BIB011 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> INTRODUCTION <s> Performance measures of a multi-echelon Supply Chain (SC) assist SC Managers in making strategic decisions. The measures associated with an inter-organisational SC are an aggregation of the performance measures of the SC members. However, two types of dependencies exist in a multi-echelon SC: intra- and inter-organisational. The former type accounts for the relationship between various parts or departments of a firm, while the latter accounts for the influence of one organisation upon another. Traditional hierarchical techniques are inaccurate to use as an aggregation method for the performance measures as they do not account for dependency. The level of dependency within and among firms needs to be determined. In this paper, a two-dimensional approach is taken using the analytical hierarchy process with the analytical network process to overcome the deficiency with a hierarchical approach. <s> BIB012 </s> Supply chain performance models: A literature review on approaches, techniques, and criteria <s> INTRODUCTION <s> This paper is intended to provide a critical literature review on supply chain performance measurement. The study aims at revealing the basic research methodologies/approaches followed, problem areas and requirements for the performance management of the new supply chain era. The review study covers articles coming from major journals related with the topic, including a taxonomy study and detailed investigation as to the methodologies, approaches and findings of these works. The methodology followed during the conduct of this research includes starting with a broad base of articles lying at the intersection of supply chain, information technology (IT), performance measurement and business process management topics and then screening the list to have a focus on supply chain performance measurement. Findings reveal that performance measurement in the new supply era is still an open area of research. Further need of research is identified regarding framework development, empirical cross-industry research and adoption of performance measurement systems for the requirements of the new era, to include the development of partnership, collaboration, agility, flexibility, information productivity and business excellence metrics. The contribution of this study lies in the taxonomy study, detailed description and treatment of methodologies followed and in shedding light on future research. <s> BIB013
Supply Chain Management (SCM) is an effective business philosophy that has gained a tremendous amount of attention from academics, consultants, practitioners and business managers in the recent years in order to help enterprises to survive with continuous pressures and achieve the goals. Over the last decade of SCM evolution, a wide steady stream of research papers dealing with SC performance measurement has been published. As an essential management tool and the way to reach success, performance measurement enables supply chain to strategically manage and continuously control achieving objectives. It provides the necessary assistance for performance improvement in pursuit of supply chain excellence. Although in the recent years, a lot of studies have been done in the area of performance management, but generally the studies can be divided into two groups: 1) those that investigate one or some parts or key processes in supply chains and 2) those that look at the supply chain as a whole. Most of the works which have already been carried out are related to the first group. Current study aims to review the importance of the second group and browse a state-ofthe-art review in SC performance measurement. According to some researchers  BIB003  ) supply chains as extended enterprises are responsible for the whole product life cycle, from material procurement and supply management, to production and manufacturing, further to product distribution and customer service and finally to the recycling and disposal of end-of-life product. In other words, the supply chain is an integrated entity, and all the members should be functionally coordinated as an extended enterprise  BIB001 . The inward-looking view neither promotes excellent management of supply chain, nor results satisfactorily in performance measurement BIB006 . Supply chain should be seen as the central unit of competitive analysis BIB002 . According to , effective management of an organization's supply chains is an essential corner stone for the organization to develop a sustainable competitive advantage and to remain at the fore front of excellence in a competitive market. To achieve an efficient supply chain, performance evaluation of the entire supply chain is extremely important. Consequently, to design SC performance measurement models, considering the supply chain as a whole is really useful. This issue has also been stated by other authors, who agree that an integrated and overall approach needs to be adopted when measuring performance in a supply chain BIB004 BIB012  BIB005 Kobu, 2007, de Leeuw and BIB010 . There are several studies reviewing the literature regarding SC performance evaluation. Most of them focus on measures as a part of performance measurement system. Some others investigate some parts or key processes in supply chains. BIB008 developed taxonomy of performance measures followed by critical evaluation of supply chain performance measurement systems. BIB009 attempted to obtain the key performance measures and metrics in supply chain and logistics operations with the aim of using minimum number of measures that provide reasonable accuracy with minimum cost. BIB013 reviewed the papers which are located at the intersection of supply chain, Information Technology, performance measurement and business process management to provide a broad perspective covering technology, process and people's aspects. It aims at revealing the basic research methodologies followed and problem areas and requirements of the performance management. BIB011 analyzed the cases that they classified as the best practices of supply chain and identified common measures used to reflect performance improvements. The research aims to identify, categorize and compare supply chain measures and benefits listed in literature-based case studies. In completion of the previous works, this paper considers the required components of SC performance measurement systems, beyond just metrics sets and extends the previous works by reviewing the SC-oriented performance measurement frameworks, models and systems BIB007 (for simplicity, in this paper, we use the term "model" instead of mentioned words) that developed in some international journal articles from 1998 to 2010 and surveying the applied approaches, techniques and criteria. In this regard, three issues are examined, including: (I) Which SC "approaches" were prevalently applied? (II) Which "techniques" were used to facilitate performance measurement? (III) Which evaluation "criteria" were paid more attention? It should be mentioned that in this paper, an "approach" refers to a systematic arrangement of ideas or actions intended to deal with the SC performance measurement. A "technique", on the other hand is a way of doing something or a practical method applied to some particular task  . The techniques include the tools used in performance measurement. The performance criteria are the description of the characteristics on which the judgment or decision about performance may be based. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: The next section describes the literature search procedures and the following section describes the current approaches to SC. Section 4 seeks the techniques used in SC models. Section 5 reviews the criteria used in models. Section 6 analyses the most prevalently used approaches, discusses the most popular evaluating criteria, and finds out the limitations of the approaches and finally section 7 concludes the paper.