An Overview of Fault-Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerance Techniques for Switched Reluctance Machine Systems <s> 3) EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER <s> Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are extensively utilised in electric vehicles (EVs) due to some outstanding capabilities such as rugged and fault tolerant structure. Since the excitation of the phases is performed independently in the SRM, the motor could continue operation even in case of fault occurrence in one of the phases by disabling the faulty phase. However, to improve the reliability of the SRM for EV applications, an efficient fault diagnosis approach should be employed. In this study, an on-line method for detection of winding inter-turn short-circuit fault in the SRMs is presented. The proposed technique is based on a model, in which the extended Kalman filter is utilised. The method achieves a fast response, thus, the remedial strategies could be employed at the initial moments after fault occurrence. The proposed method is simple to implement and reliable in practice. The performance of the proposed approach is verified using some simulations and experiments. The results confirm high capability of the method in different conditions. <s> BIB001 </s> An Overview of Fault-Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerance Techniques for Switched Reluctance Machine Systems <s> 3) EXTENDED KALMAN FILTER <s> Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) have absorbed a great deal of attention in various industrial applications such as Electric Vehicles (EVs) due to their robust and fault tolerant structure. However, thermal protection of the SRM windings in case of overload conditions or abnormal cooling situations is essential to prevent the reduction of the winding insulation lifetime. This paper presents a model-based technique to estimate the phase winding temperature in the SRMs. The winding resistance is an outstanding indicator of the winding temperature due to the linear relationship between these two quantities. As a result, the proposed technique applies an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to estimate the phase winding resistance and as well as the winding temperature. The detailed theoretical formulations and analysis are presented. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified using simulations for a three phase, 6/4 SRM. The results confirm the capability of this technique for estimating the phase winding temperature during different operating conditions including variations in the load power and speed in the SRM. <s> BIB002
In BIB001 , extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed for phase resistance calculation of the SRM. The bus current and rotor position are obtained as the input of the EKF. Then the VOLUME 7, 2019 FIGURE 7. Inter-turn faults detection schematic with EKF BIB001 . estimated resistance and reference resistance are compared to generate index signal for the inter-turn short-circuit fault. The fault diagnosis procedure for the inter-turn short circuit on the winding is presented in Fig. 7 . This EKF method has high extendibility, high robustness, and low cost. By combining with other fault protection strategies, this method has the ability to detect other kinds of faults, which exhibits a great extendibility. Furthermore, the estimated phase resistance can also be utilized to evaluate the winding temperature without any additional sensors BIB002 .