A RESEARCH SURVEY: RFID SECURITY & PRIVACY ISSUE <s> Data Encryption Techniques and Their Limitations <s> Various pipeline algorithms of data compression and encryption are designed to assess the impact of encryption on data compression. The first pipeline shows that encryption fails to map a large amount of redundancy for the input file into a favourable form for its later compression. The second pipeline, however, offers a good potential to improve the compressed output for further compression by another compression algorithm. The pipeline algorithm also identifies the different performance between dictionary data compression and statistical compression algorithms. In addition, the compression prior to encryption improves the efficiency of encryption and lead to the possible development of a multifunctional algorithm which could operate as both compression and encryption. <s> BIB001 </s> A RESEARCH SURVEY: RFID SECURITY & PRIVACY ISSUE <s> Data Encryption Techniques and Their Limitations <s> FPGAs have proven to be very effective and efficient devices on which to implement encryption algorithms. They perform at much faster data-rates and provide better security than equivalent software implementations. They also provide more flexibility than ASIC implementations. This paper presents a high performance silicon intellectual property (IP) core for the data encryption standard (DES) encryption algorithm. The 16-stage pipelined DES design runs at an encryption rate of 3.87 Gbits/s using Xilinx Virtex FPGA technology making this the fastest single-chip DES FPGA implementation reported to date. This result is a factor 28 times faster than software implementations. <s> BIB002 </s> A RESEARCH SURVEY: RFID SECURITY & PRIVACY ISSUE <s> Data Encryption Techniques and Their Limitations <s> In this report, we present an encryption algorithm that can be used for hardware-implemented applications to secure data communications, this encryption algorithm is based on hiding a number of bits from plain text message into a random vector of bits, the locations of the hidden bits are determined by a key known to the sender and receiver, we call this algorithm hybrid hiding encryption algorithm (HHEA). The name demonstrates the two basic operations of this algorithm, these operations include inserting part of the plaintext bits into a cover to hide it from recognition, that is, there are no conventional operations on the ciphered text, just plain hiding in a random bit string, the name hybrid is used to show that the algorithm has built-in features that are inherited from data hiding techniques or steganography <s> BIB003 </s> A RESEARCH SURVEY: RFID SECURITY & PRIVACY ISSUE <s> Data Encryption Techniques and Their Limitations <s> We propose the use of "selective blocking" by "blocker tags" as a way of protecting consumers from unwanted scanning of RFID tags attached to items they may be carrying or wearing.While an ordinary RFID tag is a simple, cheap (e.g. five-cent) passive device intended as an "electronic bar-code" for use in supply-chain management, a blocker tag is a cheap passive RFID device that can simulate many ordinary RFID tags simultaneously. When carried by a consumer, a blocker tag thus "blocks" RFID readers. It can do so universally by simulating all possible RFID tags. Or a blocker tag can block selectively by simulating only selected subsets of ID codes, such as those by a particular manufacturer, or those in a designated "privacy zone.We believe that this approach, when used with appropriate care, provides a very attractive alternative for addressing privacy concerns raised by the potential (and likely) widespread use of RFID tags in consumer products.We also discuss possible abuses arising from blocker tags, and means for detecting and dealing with them. <s> BIB004 </s> A RESEARCH SURVEY: RFID SECURITY & PRIVACY ISSUE <s> Data Encryption Techniques and Their Limitations <s> Like many technologies, low-cost Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems will become pervasive in our daily lives when affixed to every- day consumer items as "smart labels". While yielding great productivity gains, RFID systems may create new threats to the security and privacy of individuals or organizations. This paper presents a brief description of RFID systems and their operation. We describe privacy and security risks and how they apply to the unique setting of low-cost RFID devices. We propose several security mech- anisms and suggest areas for future research. <s> BIB005 </s> A RESEARCH SURVEY: RFID SECURITY & PRIVACY ISSUE <s> Data Encryption Techniques and Their Limitations <s> In this paper we present a new word-oriented stream cipher, RAINBOW, based on conventional encryption algorithms. The core of this algorithm is the keystream generator. What is used to generate the pseudo-random keystream is composed of "real key" and "temporal key". The "real key" is just like the key in a block cipher, which is known by two users. But the "temporal key" is generated at the beginning of communication. The "real key" and "temporal key" are blended and divided into two parts. One part is taken as plaintext, the other is treated as the key in a conventional encryption algorithm (such as Triple DES, IDEA and so on). The output of the encryption is a pseudo-random keystream, which is then XOR'ed with the plaintext to generate the ciphertext. Because of the diffusion and confusion of the conventional encryption, the "real key", pseudo-random keystreams, plaintext and ciphertext hold very complex and nonlinear relations. We have performed several detailed security analysis. The cryptanalysis of RAINBOW did not reveal an attack better than exhaustive key search. The speed of this algorithm is as fast as commonly block ciphers. <s> BIB006 </s> A RESEARCH SURVEY: RFID SECURITY & PRIVACY ISSUE <s> Data Encryption Techniques and Their Limitations <s> The Rijndael algorithm is the new advanced encryption standard (AES) approved by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). With this algorithm supporting significantly larger key sizes than DES (data encryption standard) supports, NIST believes that the AES has the potential of remaining secure for the next few decades. In overall performance, based on the speed of encryption and decryption and on key set-up time, the Rijndael algorithm has attained top scores in tests conducted by NIST. The belief is that almost all US government agencies will shift to the AES algorithm for their data security needs in the next few years. Also, that the algorithm will find its way in smart cards and other security-oriented applications used for safely storing private information about individuals. <s> BIB007 </s> A RESEARCH SURVEY: RFID SECURITY & PRIVACY ISSUE <s> Data Encryption Techniques and Their Limitations <s> Video encryption is a suitable method to protect video data. There are some disadvantages in the algorithms proposed before. In this paper, we propose a novel fast MPEG video encryption algorithm, which encrypts run length codes with chaotic run-length encryption algorithm (CREA), encrypts the signs of motion vectors with security-enhanced chaotic stream cipher (SECSC) and distributes keys with chaotic key distributor (CKD) at the same time. Its security, compression ratio and computational complexity are analyzed in details. Experimental results show that, the algorithm has less effect on compression ratio than the algorithms confusing DCT coefficients do, does not change file format, and is of low cost. Thus, it is suitable for secure video encoding with real-time requirement. <s> BIB008 </s> A RESEARCH SURVEY: RFID SECURITY & PRIVACY ISSUE <s> Data Encryption Techniques and Their Limitations <s> Recently, the information technology has evolved toward the ubiquitous environment accessible to the network everywhere and every time. The ubiquitous environment can provide easy access to the devices and make one’s economical benefit also. The RFID system is an important core technology in ubiquitous environment. RFID system consists of contactless devices to communicate each other by radio frequency. It provides technologies of automatic object identification in invisible range, read/write function and adaptability against various circumstances. These advantages make RFID system to be applied in various fields and expect one of the big markets in the area of human life such as traffic card system, toll gate system, logistics, access control, etc. As RFID tags identify many different types of objects, it is going to increase the tags that have to be carry in individual life. But it is uneasy for a person to control many tags in a hand because traditional RFID systems have restriction that is one tag per each object and it is difficult to distinguish tags without some kind of effort. That is why a tag is used to store identifying information just for a single object in common RFID applications. We propose a multiple objects tag structure which can be shared by many different applications. As a tag is used to identify only one type of object, it is expected to have many tags increasingly by people or things. If a tag can be shared by many RFID application objects, it will be more efficient to RFID users and will be helpful to the information integration as well as device sharing. So, we design a RFID tag structure which has many different identifiers. This tag can be used to access many different RFID applications. We also propose an efficient authentication protocol adapted to the multiple objects tag structure. We consider robustness of the authentication protocol against various attacks in the proposed scheme. RFID system often makes serious violation of privacy and security caused by various attacks through the weak wireless interface. Eavesdropping, location tracking, spoofing, message losses or replay attack can threaten RFID components anywhere and anytime. To protect RFID system from these kinds of attacks, researchers have studied several schemes such as Faraday cage scheme (mCloak, 2003), blocker-tag scheme (Juels et al., 2003), hash lock scheme (Weis et al., 2003), randomized hash lock (Weis et al., 2003), hash chain (Ohkubo et al., 2003) and variable ID scheme (Saito & Sakurai, 2003), etc. However, these schemes have restrictions that each object is just corresponding to one tag. So, it is O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w .in te ch w eb .o rg <s> BIB009
There are the various Data encryption techniques were used for ensuring the data transmission security between server and RFID tag. For example, Y P. Zhang et al. proposed a stream cipher algorithm with respect to the traditional block-based cipher approaches BIB006 . M. E. Smid and D. K. Branstad analyzed the past and future of DES algorithm  .T. Jamil proposed an enhanced algorithm for the typical DES algorithm, called AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) BIB007 . J. Jiang proposed a parallel processing algorithm for the RSA BIB001 . S. Lian et al. proposed a fast video encryption scheme based on chaos BIB008 . M. McLoone and J. V. McCanny designed a hardware circuit for DES based on the FPGA technique BIB002 . M.Shaar et al. proposed a new data encryption algorithm, called HHEA BIB003 . But these techniques not completely secure to protect data between tag and reader. Now let's take the scenario where the encryption is strong enough so that it cannot be cracked, but RFID tags are still faced the danger of being copied. In other words, smart card equipment can easily copy the information from RFID tags and the work will be rapidly finished. Clearly, RFID encryption protection is not absolute security, but in any case, this is still the most important and effective application of preserving RFID products. Public Key Encryption based on IBE technology to RFID system, which can effectively solve the issues of data privacy, integrity and non-repudiation as well and also it can conquer the disadvantages such as storage and management difficulties, system complexity, high cost and low efficiency shortcomings when PKI technology applies to RFID system. IBE Security Solutions is on Encrypt Tag Data and Label Reading and Writing Process  . To protect privacy violation against various attacks like eavesdropping, location tracking, spoofing, message losses or replay attack etc. various encryption schemes were proposed by researchers such as blocker-tag BIB004 , hash lock scheme BIB005 , randomized hash lock BIB005 , hash chain(Ohkubo et al., 2003), variable ID, re-encryption etc.. All of these schemes are not perfect against all types of attack like Hash lock scheme is week against all attacks, Randomized hash chain scheme is comparatively strong against location tracking and message loss but week against eavesdropping and replay attack, Hash chain scheme is strong against location tracking, replay attack and message loss but week against replay attack BIB009 . In current scenario lots of research going on communication security of RFID through light weight cryptography like elliptic curve cryptography BIB009 to ensure RFID system security and privacy friendly.