A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Other Routing Surveys <s> Sensory data gathered from sensor nodes in physical proximity tend to exhibit strong correlation. To minimize such redundancy and hence curtail the load in wireless sensor networks with a goal to conserve energy, effective in-network fusion schemes have been extensively proposed in the literature. To this end, routing schemes supporting data fusion are extremely important as they dictate where and when sensory data streams shall intersect with each other and thus fusion will be performed. In this article we briefly articulate this problem and classify recently proposed routing schemes supporting data fusion in wireless sensor networks into three categories: routing-driven, coding-driven, and fusion-driven. We also give an overview of various algorithms in each category by summarizing their design approaches, benefits, and drawbacks. <s> BIB001 </s> A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Other Routing Surveys <s> Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are finding different applications for offshore exploration and ocean monitoring. In most of these applications, the network consists of significant number of sensor nodes deployed at different depths throughout the area of interest. The sensor nodes located at the sea bed cannot communicate directly with the nodes near the surface level; they require multi-hop communication assisted by appropriate routing scheme. However, this appropriateness depends not only on network resources and application requirements but also on environmental constraints. All these factors provide a platform where a resource-aware routing strategy plays a vital role to fulfill the different application requirements with dynamic environmental conditions. Realizing the fact, significant attention has been given to construct a reliable scheme, and many routing protocols have been proposed in order to provide an efficient route discovery between the sources and the sink. In this paper, we present a review and comparison of different algorithms, proposed recently in order to fulfill this requirement. The main purpose of this study is to address the issues like data forwarding, deployment and localization in UWSNs under different conditions. Later on, all of these are classified into different groups according to their characteristics and functionalities. <s> BIB002 </s> A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Other Routing Surveys <s> Recent advances in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have led to a great breakthrough in sensors design and features. These technological novelties have brought additional challenges to WSN. Sensornets are seeking for new approaches for efficient data routing and management. The last few years have witnessed the emergence of several approaches that build Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) over WSN. DHTs are initially conceived for efficient data lookup in large-scale wired networks. The main objective of this combination is to manage location-independent data and nodes identification. DHT mapping over WSN brings however new challenges. This paper presents an analytical survey on applying DHT techniques in WSNs. It describes existing DHT-based routing and data management protocols and includes a detailed classification of them. <s> BIB003 </s> A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Other Routing Surveys <s> Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) technology has introduced a new flux to a whole gamut of application domains such as scientific exploration, commercial exploitation, underwater disaster prevention, etc. Such diversity of UWSN has gained prominence to the researchers quite fast and has marked this field of research as one of the emerging ones. With extensive researches conducted in this field, several design challenges have been experienced and explored by the network designers. Large propagation delay, low bandwidth, frequent loss of connectivity, variability of sound speed, limitation on source of energy, etc. are the key challenges, which are identified as necessary issues for establishing efficient and reliable UWSN. To address these issues, several MAC and routing protocols for UWSN have been proposed by the researchers during the last decade. In this review, the core design aspects for an ideal UWSN are identified which are energy-efficiency and reliability. These design aspects are evaluated in terms of energy consumption and communication efficiency - in order to provide an insight to the network designers on ideal design metrics. It is found that the protocols are highly selective, and the fitness of any protocol depends solely on the application and design requirements, which is addressed by this review. This paper also provides a comprehensive overview through comparison and simulation to analyze and summarize the MAC and routing protocols under concern. <s> BIB004 </s> A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Other Routing Surveys <s> Abstract Opportunistic routing is a new paradigm in routing for wireless sensor network which chooses the node closest to the target node for forwarding the data. It uses the broadcasting nature of wireless sensor networks. Opportunistic routing has increased the efficiency, throughput and reliability of sensor networks. Many energy saving techniques has been introduced using opportunistic routing in wireless sensor networks for increasing the network lifetime. In this article we have elaborated the basic concept of Opportunistic routing, different areas in which it has been claimed to be beneficial, some protocols their metrics and their drawbacks. <s> BIB005 </s> A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Other Routing Surveys <s> Nowadays, underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is an important field for researchers due to its well know applications like seismic monitoring, disaster prevention, offshore exploration, pollution monitoring, oceanography data collection, equipment monitoring, assisted navigation, and tactical surveillance. Many research challenges are available for UWSN; the design of routing protocol is one of them. The majority of the researchers have designed the routing algorithms but still, the data forwarding mechanism needs improvement. The reliable communication between the source and sink nodes is really a complicated task due to the limitation of the acoustic channel, water pressure, and limited bandwidth. This review paper focuses on the problems of those routing protocols which are based on data forwarding. In this review paper, we further present the route development, data forwarding, and route maintenance of the proposed routing protocols. The key aspects of this review article present the limitations and advantages of data forwarding routing protocols. We also present analysis of data forwarding routing protocols with analytical and numerical simulation methods with their critical analysis. This review article helps the researchers to create further research in the field of routing protocols based on data forwarding. <s> BIB006 </s> A Critical Review of Surveys Emphasizing on Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks—An Anatomization under General Survey Design Framework <s> Other Routing Surveys <s> Underwater wireless sensor networks are a newly emerging wireless technology in which small size sensors with limited energy and limited memory and bandwidth are deployed in deep sea water and various monitoring operations like tactical surveillance, environmental monitoring, and data collection are performed through these tiny sensors. Underwater wireless sensor networks are used for the exploration of underwater resources, oceanographic data collection, flood or disaster prevention, tactical surveillance systems, and unmanned underwater vehicles. Sensor nodes consist of a small memory, a central processing unit, and an antenna. Underwater networks are much different from terrestrial sensor networks as radio waves cannot be used in underwater wireless sensor networks. Acoustic channels are used for communication in deep sea water. Acoustic signals have many limitations, such as limited bandwidth, higher end-to-end delay, network path loss, higher propagation delay, and dynamic topology. Usually, these limitations result in higher energy consumption with a smaller number of packets delivered. The main aim nowadays is to operate sensor nodes having a smaller battery for a longer time in the network. This survey has discussed the state-of-the-art localization based and localization-free routing protocols. Routing associated issues in the area of underwater wireless sensor networks have also been discussed. <s> BIB007
The authors in BIB001 have discussed in-network fusion techniques under routing-driven, coding-driven, and fusion-driven categories. The authors in  BIB003 have discussed distributed hash table (DHT) based routing in WSNs. In  , a general model of DHTs-based routing is presented while BIB003 delineates a more comprehensive classification of DHT based routing protocols in WSNs which consider structure, identifier-assignment and auto-deployment of concerned protocols. Moreover, it is clear from Table 12 that this categorization embodies only one high count survey and three medium count surveys which clearly exhibits a great potential of research even in these least focused areas of survey publication. Hg* = High Count, Md* = Medium Count and Lw* = Low Count. Note: Various categories of count correspond to Count Number Index (CNI) in Tables 2 and 3. In BIB002 , the authors have discussed the functionality of various routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) and classified them mainly into structural and operational based categories. The author in  have discussed and compared various non-cross-layered traditional cross-layered and intelligent cross-layered routing protocols in UWSNs. The authors in BIB006 have discussed the advantages and disadvantages of various data forwarding routing approaches in UWSNs. In BIB007 , the authors have discussed various localization-oriented and localization-free routing protocols for UWSNs. In BIB004 , the authors have evaluated various UWSNs based MAC and Routing protocols using comparison and simulation mechanisms. The design issues and challenges are discussed in BIB002  BIB006 BIB007 BIB004 . Future research directions are outlined in BIB002  BIB006 BIB004 . In BIB005 , the authors have discussed and compared some opportunistic routing protocols in WSNs. Moreover, some brief future directions are also outlined. The authors in [114] have extensively discussed numerous single/multi-path and single/multi-radio multichannel routing protocols in WSNs under a novel taxonomy and summarize the pros and cons of discussed protocols. It discusses various applications of multichannel routing, design issues/challenges and future research directions in a comprehensive manner. This information is very useful for providing a thorough information regarding understanding the multichannel routing approach and designing novel multichannel routing protocols in WSNs.