The UK is being accused of attempts to block EU reform to prevent food speculation. It took EU negotiators three years to agree on a regulation against speculation by banks and hedge funds which drives up food prices, aggravating the global hunger crisis.

The deal introduces new rules to limit speculation on products linked to what people eat, such as wheat, corn, soybeans or sugar. The new controls will set limits on the number of food contracts that banks and other finance institutions can hold, pushing traders to open their activity to greater public scrutiny.



Representatives of the EU's 28 governments and EU lawmakers clinched the deal on the outlines of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFiD) in Strasbourg late on Tuesday. The bloc's executive arm, the European Commission, has promised that the rules on agricultural derivatives would "contribute to orderly pricing and prevent market abuse, thus curbing speculation on commodities and the disastrous impacts it can have on the world’s poorest populations."



Organizations fighting global hunger welcomed the long-awaited regulation, vital for people across Europe "struggling to cope with high and volatile prices."



EU policy advisor from the international aid agency Oxfam informed on the organization's website that the agreement introduced limits on speculating "in spite of attempts by the UK and other governments to block any meaningful reform."



According to Oxfam's EU policy advisor, the deal is "far from perfect."



"Unjustified exemptions were granted to powerful lobbies and limits will be set nationally, rather than at the European level. There is a real risk, particularly in the UK, of ineffective sky high limits triggering a regulatory race to the bottom between European countries," Marc Olivier Herman warned.



He explained that new limits to the bets that speculators can make will apply to contracts traded "over the counter" and throughout the lifetime of the contracts. "This is good news for millions in the developing world, who can spend up to 75 percent of their income on food, as well as producers, who rely on stable food prices."



The agreement is part of the major European financial reform. After it is officially approved by members of the European Parliament and EU finance ministers in the coming months, it will be included into national legislation in each of the 28 EU member states.

Meanwhile, another anti-poverty group, the World Development Movement (WDM) pointed out that the UK government’s opposition to tough controls has resulted in "serious loopholes in the regulation." Among the biggest drawbacks in the new rules is that limits will be set at national rather than EU level, which, according to WDM, risks a regulatory "race to the bottom," with countries competing with each other to set weaker limits.



"The UK’s role in watering down the regulation has been a disgrace. The Treasury has put the profits of banks like Goldman Sachs above the basic human need for food, with the result that the new rules could be too weak to be effective," director of the World Development Movement Nick Dearden stated, adding that the current objective is to make sure that the limits are set at a level that "properly tackles excessive speculation."



He said the new regulation has only been introduced thanks to public outrage over food speculation, and "the fact that the EU has listened to that anger is a victory for public pressure."



According to WDM, a leaked document earlier revealed attempts by the UK government to prevent proposed controls on food speculation ahead of negotiations in Brussels in November.



The memo, sent by UK negotiators to their counterparts from other European countries, allegedly acknowledged their opposition to strict limits on the amount that banks and other financial players can speculate in commodity derivative markets.



The UK has been pushing for the continuation of a system of self-regulation, which gives speculators carte blanche to cause spikes in foodstuff prices. The World Development Movement said that by trying to weaken regulation to curb food speculation, the UK government is putting the profits of big banks before the right of people to access to food.



"Yet again, our government is doing the banks’ dirty work for them. The UK should be backing tough controls to stop banks gambling on hunger, instead of throwing a wrecking ball," Dearden noted in November.



According to WDM, five banks made an estimated total of 2.2 billion pounds from speculating on food, including wheat, maize and soy, between 2010 and 2012. Goldman Sachs, Barclays, Deutsche Bank, JP Morgan and Morgan Stanley were the top five global investment banks involved in global commodity markets, making an estimated 640 million pounds ($1 billion) from speculating on food in 2012 alone.