Michael J. Huerkamp, DVM | Author | MSD Veterinary Manual MSD Manual Please confirm that you are a health care professional Yes No In these topics Show Details Hide Details « ‹ / › » In these topics 3D MODEL « ‹ / › » In these topics To read more, visit « ‹ / › » In these topics Show Details Hide Details Source: Â« â€¹ / â€º Â» In these topics « ‹ / › » In these topics Close « ‹ / › » Show Details Hide Details © 2022 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. All rights reserved. « ‹ / › » In these topics In these topics « ‹ / › » In these topics VIDEO Show Details Hide Details Â« â€¹ / â€º Â» In these topics honeypot link skip to main content MSD Manual Veterinary Manual The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955 A A A Search Search A-Z A A A HOME VETERINARY CONTENT Common Veterinary Topics Behavior Circulatory System Clinical Pathology and Procedures Digestive System Ear Disorders Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Endocrine System Exotic and Laboratory Animals Eye Diseases and Disorders Generalized Conditions Immune System Integumentary System Management and Nutrition Metabolic Disorders Musculoskeletal System Nervous System Pharmacology Poultry Public Health Reproductive System Respiratory System Special Subjects Toxicology Urinary System Resources Videos Figures Images Quizzes View All Resources PET HEALTH & WELLNESS Understanding Your Pet's Health Dog Owners Cat Owners Horse Owners Bird Owners All Other Pets Special Subjects User Guide Glossary RESOURCES Abbreviations Audio Case Studies Clinical Calculators Figures Glossary Images Infographics Quizzes Reference Guides Tables Videos QUIZZES & CASES Quizzes More Quizzes Cases More Case Studies ABOUT Overview History The Manuals Staff Editorial Board and Reviewers Contributors Content Providers Partners User Guide Social Media FAQ Contact Us Disclaimer Privacy Terms of use Contact Us Human Health Manuals This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. VETERINARY PET A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Veterinary / About the MSD Veterinary Manual / Contributors / ... / Michael J. Huerkamp / Michael J. Huerkamp, DVM Affiliations Professor, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University Professor Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Education Manual Chapters and Commentaries Chapters Laboratory Animals Regulatory Requirements Regarding Use of Laboratory Animals Animals Used in Research Colony Monitoring of Laboratory Animals Management of Laboratory Animals MSD and the MSD Veterinary Manual Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (known as MSD outside the US and Canada) is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. The Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community. The legacy of this great resource continues in the online and mobile app versions today. About Disclaimer Permissions Privacy Cookie Settings Terms of use Licensing Contact Us Human Health Manuals This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Copyright © 2022 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. All rights reserved.