281 Mars is well on the way to being transformed through terraforming. Previously a glacial desert, through nuclear detonations in the crust and beneath the poles the albedo has been lowered and water vapor has been freed. Kuiper belt ice is being imported and gengineered microbes are being used to make the planet livable for unprotected humans, a project expected to take at least two centuries more.

288 The Lagrange Magshield is deployed, an artificial magnetosphere which protects Mars and its atmosphere against the solar wind.

331 Surface pressure 150 millibars. At this time Mars is the most populous colony planet, with a population of 90 million humans. It is formally divided into 24 independent regions, each having a seat on the planetary council (which mainly manages the terraforming effort). The council convenes in the new capital at Phobos City.

381 Brown Mars - Many of the Mars tweaks have long since departed for the Belt and Oort cloud. Population of Mars (through migration and natural population increase) has reached 600 million. Most of the big megacorporations have shifted their base of operations here. Surface pressure 180 millibars.

431 Port Robinson is now the hub of a vast city that rivals even the huge cities of 'Luna Tyco' and New York, supporting over one hundred million of the best and most idealistic of the Terran peoples, it is considered the gateway to the outer planets and has a huge spaceport to support it.

481 Surface pressure 220 millibars. While the atmosphere is still too thin for baselines, many of the population is tweaked or bioborged to cope with it, and for those who aren't, most of the cities are still pressurised. The planet is already suffering some pollution from the industry established here, although this is ably dealt with by nanotech. Population two billion, chiefly in the big megapoli like Robinson Central Complex, Phobos City, and Cydonia City. Strict immigration policy prevents newcomers to the promised land.

541 The Technocalypse in the Solar System reaches Mars. The first artificial plagues strike the red planet. Widespread panic. However local blue goo defences hold.

542 Violence erupts on and around Mars as the bots of the Nanoswarms wreck the terraforming and kill over 50% of the population. De-orbited satellites and redirected terraforming comets cause serious geological damage.

610 The remaining Martian ecosystem crashes. Great loss of life, although some refugees escape to surviving orbitals, others to the Belt or the outer solar system. The swarm-ravaged Mars is occupied by Titanite invaders for nearly four decades.

648 Mars' orbital habitats hold millions of refugees from the planetary surface, and from Earth; shortages of food and overcrowding cause severe social problems for more than two centuries. The Titanite occupation of Mars ends. For more than a hundred years the Red Planet is almost completely empty of inhabitants.

circa 781 AI-designed blue goo reaches Mars and begins cleaning up the planet.

881 Recolonisation of Mars begins.

1041 Mars is opened for unrestricted settlement by biologicals, provided they have the necessary augments.

1081 Resettlement of Mars, terraforming begins anew, various gengineered biota introduced.

1230 In terms of status and prestige, Mars is once again the greatest world in the Solar System. The First Martian Golden Age. The capital is now Olympus City.

1281 Surface pressure 300 millibars. Mars has an almost earth-type atmosphere and oceans, although the terraforming is not yet complete.

1521 Surface pressure 500 millibars. Unexpected bionanogoo resulting from hybridisation of dormant bionano from the original technocalypse accidentally hybridised with new Genen microbes trigger a number of drastic ecological crises, resulting in a major economic depression that brings down the economy.

1700 Widespread off-planet migration.

3531 Green Mars: Surface pressure 600 millibars. Remaining Martians once again vote to reject plans to finish terraforming the planet.

3731 Authenticity purges; many extrasolar species of nearbaseline humanity are expelled from Mars. This leads to the Authenticity war.

4452 New Martian Federation established; a totalitarian regime based on surveillance and memetic control. Mars goes into another decline and the population drops once more.

4653 End of the Version War; refugees from New Mars and other mars-like worlds are drawn to the old red planet.

4981 The influx of refugees leads to a more cosmopolitan society; the 'New Federation' is dissolved.

5301 Human supremacist groups attack Earth with some support from Martian factions; retaliation by GAIA results in a war in the Solar System, with loss of millions of lives on Mars

5575 Blue Mars: 700 millibars. The atmosphere has considerably less nitrogen and considerably more carbon dioxide than the atmosphere of Old Earth; unmodified baseline humans still need to use breathing apparatus or biotech adaptations to avoid CO 2 poisoning. The partial pressure of oxygen on Mars is, on the other hand, comparable to that of Earth.



Mars becomes capital of the Solar Organisation; this period is sometimes called the Second Golden Age.

6631 Mars Republic secedes from the Solar Organisation for two hundred years; when it returns it is a relatively junior partner.

7731 The Realigned Temples of Humanity are established, drawing together many disparate groups of humanocentrics and Back-to-Earth activists.