IMPACT OF SELECTED MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES ON CAPITAL INFLOW IN NIGERIA Call Us: (+234) 08037664978 Email: [email protected] WhatsApp Chat 24/7 Support Home About Project Topics Hire a Writer Blog Contact Us HOME | PROJECTS TOPICS | HIRE A WRITER | CONTACT | BLOG | FAQS | LOGIN IMPACT OF SELECTED MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES ON CAPITAL INFLOW IN NIGERIA CLICK HERE TO GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT » CHAT ON WHATSAPP (+234) 0803-766-4978 IMPACT OF SELECTED MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES ON CAPITAL INFLOW IN NIGERIA Abstract: In the face of capital deficiency in financing long term development, the capital-deficient economies have heavily resorted to foreign capital as the primary means to achieve rapid economic growth. In the presence of the aforementioned problems this study empirically examined the impact of selected macroeconomic variables (Exchange rate, Interest rate and Inflation) on capital inflows. The study in specific terms employs a vector error correction to estimate the demand and supply of capital inflow. In addition, a pairwise granger causality test was conducted to explore the causal link between the macroeconomic variables and capital inflow. Interestingly, it was observed from the causality test that there was neither bidirectional nor unidirectional causality between the two but rather an independent relationship. The findings from the vector error correction established there is no significant short-run relationship among the variables both from the demand and supply side but in the long run the relationship is significant. The results from VECM assert that the values of lagged of interest rate, exchange rate, inflation rate and other macroeconomic variables as an insignificant factors affecting the rate of capital inflow in Nigeria. Based on the outcome of the results it was therefore suggested that care should be taken when attracting capital inflow to Nigeria (either foreign direct investment or external debt) and it should be directed to more productive sectors of the economy. Particularly, these investments should be able to create jobs, develop local skilled labour and stimulate and transfer new technologies. The government should also provide incentives in order to encourage foreign investments into labour intensive and pro poor sectors of the economy. Table Of Contents Certification…………...…………………...I Dedication…………………………………………………II Acknowledgment………………………………III Abstract…………………………………………………….IV CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Background of the Study 3 1.2 Statement of the Problem 5 1.3 Objectives of the Study 7 1.4 Research Questions 7 1.5 Research Hypotheses 7 1.6 Justification of the Study 7 1.7 Scope of the Study 8 1.8 Organization of the Study 8 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 10 2.1 Conceptual and Theoretical Review 10 2.1.1 Capital Inflows 10 2.1.2 Capital Inflow and Macroeconomic Variables 12 2.1.3 Capital Inflow in Developed Economy 17 2.1.4 Capital Inflow in Developing Economy 19 2.1.5 Capital Inflow in Nigeria 21 2.1.6 Determinants of Capital Inflow in Nigeria 22 2.1.8 Capital Inflow to Nigeria In Relat’ion To Other Emerging Economy 23 2.2 Empirical Review 26 2.3 Implication of the Review for the Current Study 29 CHAPTER THREE: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY 31 3.1 Theoretical Framework 31 3.2 Methodology 34 3.2.3 Data Requirements and Sources 37 CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSES OF RESULTS 38 4.1.4.2 Supply Side 44 4.1.5 Model 2 48 4.1.5.2 Supply Side 50 4.2 Discussion of Results 54 4.2.1 Comparison of the Results with Theory 54 4.3 Comparison of Results with Previous Findings 55 CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION 57 5.1 Summary of Findings 57 5.2 Conclusion 58 5.3 Recommendations 59 5.4 Suggestion for Further Studies 60 References 61 Appendices 65 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Many developing nations are known with low level of domestic savings, which has affected the much needed investment for economic development. In order to attain a desirable level of investment that would ensure economic growth and development, developing nations need some foreign savings to close the savings-investment gap in the country. Capital inflows are transferred through foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign portfolio investment (FPI), foreign loans and credits etc. Increasing capital inflows are usually indicative of positive perceptions of a market in the global economy, or an attractive business environment due to favorable tax structures or business friendly regulations. A net flow of capital, real or financial, into a country, is in the form of increased purchases of domestic assets by foreigners or reduced holdings of foreign assets by domestic residents this is recorded as positive, or a credit, in the balance on capital account. In the last few years, Nigeria has experienced a phenomenal increase in private inflows of capital. The major triggers were the increased tempo of reform which led to a more stable financial system and better macroeconomic environment. More fundamentally, financial developments at the world stage might also have played quite an important role. The fact that the developing economies were by and large less integrated with the rest of the world, or were thought to be relatively insulated from the crises that engulfed major financial centers made them appear like, temporary safe havens for international capital. The oligopolistic nature of markets in such economies made capital flows to them rapidly increased in 2000s to take advantage, also, of the persistent uncovered interest differentials. For instance, capital flows to the sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) increased from about $10 billion in 2000 to over $50 billion in 2007. Nigeria received nearly 30% of the FDI component of the inflows (IMF-REO, 2008). Until the 2000s, foreign direct investments (FDIs) and debt were the major kinds of inflows to Nigeria. However, as the capital market opened up, the country started to receive substantial inflows in the form of portfolio investment especially from 2004. Both the bonds and equities segments of the market have in recent years experienced unprecedented inflows. As the global financial and economic crisis intensified, inflows slightly recessed as from mid-2008 but picked in 2010. Admittedly, the internationalization of the Nigerian stock exchange, there has been increased inflow of foreign portfolio investment into the Nigerian economy through the capital market in the form of foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, overseas development assistance and bank loans. However, from the middle of the past two decades, Nigeria witnessed a quasi-metamorphosis in the composition of private capital flows to Nigeria. Foreign portfolio investment appears to have taken the centre stage and its share of private capital flows to Nigeria has been on a phenomenal increase that by 2007 FPI has surpassed every other type of capital inflows into Nigeria with official flows (ODA) and bank loans declining in real terms (CBN, 2009). Furthermore, the UNCTAD World Investment Report 2006 shows that foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow to West Africa is mainly dominated by inflow to Nigeria, who received 70% of the sub-regional total and 11% of Africa’s total. Out of this, Nigeria’s oil sector alone received 90% of the FDI inflow. The Library of Congress-Federal Research Division report, (2008) shows that in 2006 Nigeria received a net inflow of US$5.4 billion of foreign direct investment (FDI), much of which came from the United States. FDI constituted 74.8 percent of gross fixed capital formation, reflecting low levels of domestic investment. Most FDI is directed toward the energy sector. As at August 2007, World Bank assistance to Nigeria involved 23 active projects with a total commitment value of about US$2.67 billion. Since Nigeria joined the World Bank in 1961, the World Bank has assisted it on 123 projects. Also, in 2007 Nigeria had an estimated gross domestic product (GDP) of US$166.8 billion according to the official exchange rate and US$292.7 billion according to purchasing power parity (PPP). The GDP rose by 6.4 percent in real terms over the previous year. Recently, portfolio investment has gained prominence in Nigeria. Before the middle of 1980s, Nigeria did not record any figure on portfolio investment (inflow or outflow) in her balance of payment (BOP) accounts. This was attributable to the non-internationalization of the country’s money and capital markets as well as the non-disclosure of information on the portfolio investments of Nigerian investors in foreign capital/money markets (CBN 1997:151). On the other hand, FDI dominated Nigeria’s capital flows and its benefits are aptly captured by Sadik and Bolbol (2001) in their study. They argued that FDI is the least volatile of capital flows, and more important, can have direct and indirect effects on economic growth. Notwithstanding, large capital flows could spur economic growth or have destabilizing effect in the economy, if not well managed. The destabilizing effect of foreign capital inflow has aroused concern over their potential effects on macroeconomic stability, the competitiveness of the export sector, and external sector viability. The most serious risks are that they fuel inflation and drive the real effective exchange rate to unsustainably high levels. 1.2 Statement of the Problem The need for foreign capital to complement domestic resources in the economic growth process has been welcomed as a catalyst of development, since it is considered as the central element of the process of economic growth. In the face of resource deficiency in financing long term development, the capital-deficient economies have heavily resorted to foreign capital as the primary means to achieve rapid economic growth. Unfortunately, the growth experience of many of the economies has not been very satisfactory. Hence, they accumulate huge external debt in relation to gross domestic product and face with serious debt servicing problems in terms of foreign exchange flow and also walloping in abject poverty. Besides, the flow of funds within many developing nations are not adequate to provide infrastructures, the available local savings cannot cater for the desired investment to meet up with the developed nations. With the shortage of capital in many developing nations there is need for the inflow of capital from the foreign economy where there is excess fund to the local economy where there is shortage of fund to augment the level of desired investment. Conversely, the experience of a small number of fast growing East-Asian newly industrialized nations has strengthened the belief that foreign capital is the central element of the process of economic development. Since it could bridge the resource gap of these economies and avoid further buildup of debt while tackling the causes of poverty directly. However, the effect of the inflow of capital to many developing nations has proven to be double-edge sword, it has both negative and positive impact. The positive side is that there is appreciation of local currency as against the foreign currency also augmentation of the shortage of savings for investment etc. while the negative sides are inflation, lack of monetary independence (Usman, 2012) etc. Many studies have investigated the impact of some micro and macro-economic variables (Goodhart, Peiri and Tsomoscow, 2012 and CBN, 2012) on the inflow of capital, some of which are exchange rate, inflation rate, tax etc. But beyond diplomacy driven inflow of foreign fund to Nigeria, there is a need to investigate the impact of selected macroeconomic factors on foreign capital inflows to the country; hence the purpose of this study is to investigate the likely impact of selected macroeconomic variables (exchange rate, interest rate, inflation) on capital inflow to Nigeria. 1.3 Objectives of the Study The broad objective of this study is to examine the likely impact of selected macroeconomic variables (Exchange rate, Interest rate and Inflation) on capital inflows. The specific objectives of the study are to examine: i. The impact of exchange rate on capital inflow in Nigeria; ii. The impact of interest rate on capital inflow in Nigeria; iii. The impact of inflation on capital inflow in Nigeria. 1.4 Research Questions This study is based on the following research questions: i. What is the impact of exchange rate on capital inflow in Nigeria? ii. What is the impact of interest rate on capital inflow in Nigeria? iii. What is the impact of inflation on capital inflow in Nigeria? 1.5 Research Hypotheses i. Ho: Exchange rate has no significant impacts on capital inflow in Nigeria. ii. H0: Interest rate has no significant impacts on capital inflow in Nigeria. iii. H0: Interest rate has no significant impacts on capital inflow in Nigeria. 1.6 Justification of the Study Many researchers have discussed the likely impact of capital inflows on the economy some of which posited that it has positive, negative or both (Usman, 2012). Most literatures in the study agreed that it has majorly both positive and negative impact. The positive impacts explain many attractions,that capital inflow has the tendency to take an economy out of recession when it’s experiencing deficiency in demand of goods and services. The negative impacts explain that the increase in capital flows, especially the foreign portfolio investment (FPI), which have more volatile and destabilizing effects, caused the financial crises suffered notably by Mexico in 1994, East Asian countries in 1997 and Russia in 1998 (Kahler, 1998). In addition to the observed problems above, capital inflows directly relate to and is dependent on the endogenous factors of the country like domestic investment, government policy, exchange rate, local interest rate, inflation rate, fiscal deficit etc(Kahler, 1998). Most researchers (Hecht, Razin, Shinar (2004)) posit that capital inflows affect macroeconomic variables. Not only this, they only looked at it in a direction, that is only demand side (the country requesting for it) of the capital inflow was considered. In this study, the gap will be breached by considering the macroeconomic variables that affect the demand and supply side of capital inflow and as well as the causality test between capital inflow and these macroeconomic variables. In essence, this study therefore built on the aforementioned gaps to come up with an empirical finding that will aid sound policy formulation and set a solid foundation for further research works in this area. 1.7 Scope of the Study This study will focus on Nigeria because it is a country-based study. It will make use Ordinary Least Square (OLS) as a method of analysis. The type of data to be used will be time series spanning through the period of 1981-2013. In this study six variables will be used out of which there are four independent variables with other control variables and two dependent variables. The independent variables are exchange rate, interest rate, inflation rate, economic openness, while dependent variable is foreign direct investment and external debt. 1.8 Organization of the Study There is going to be five chapters in this study. The first chapter deals with the introduction of the subject matter under it we have background of study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions hypotheses of the study, scope of the study as well as its organization. The second chapter deals with the literature review; under it we have empirical, theoretical and methodological literature review. The third chapter will base on the theoretical framework and methodology. The fourth chapter will deal with data analyses and presentation while the last chapter will deal with summary of the work, policy recommendation and conclusion of the entire study. . IMPACT OF SELECTED MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES ON CAPITAL INFLOW IN NIGERIA CLICK HERE TO GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT » OR CHAT ON WHATSAPP (+234) 0803-766-4978 TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH. RESEARCHWAP.NET Researchwap.net is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.net guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery. TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients. "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective." Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA. "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!" Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. "Researchwap.net is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.net" and God bless you and your business! ." Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA. "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you." Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana. "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success." Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much." Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University . "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too." Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again." Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University. "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!" Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt. "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!" Theressa, Igbinedion University. "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...." Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic. "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work" Christiana, Landmark University . "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!." Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!." Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State. To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978. Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent. Thank you for choosing researchwap.com. PROJECT DETAILS PAGES: 100 Chapters: 1-5 Call: 08037664978 GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT » IT'S NOT IT? » HIRE US TO WRITE OTHER ECONOMICS TOPICS THE EFFECT OF INFLATION ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF NIGER...Read More » 90 pages | 1-5 chapters UNEMPLOYMENT AND CRIME RATE IN NIGERIA: A CORRELATIONAL...Read More » 85 pages | 1-5 chapters THE IMPACT OF EXPORT TRADING ON THE GROWTH OF THE NIGER...Read More » 70 pages | 1-5 chapters THE OIL PRICE AND EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY IN NIGERIA...Read More » 85 pages | 1-5 chapters THE PUBLIC BUDGETING AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN NIGERIA...Read More » 85 pages | 1-5 chapters A TEST OF THE VALIDITY OF MILTON FRIEDMAN’S QUANTITY ...Read More » 80 pages | 1-5 chapters THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT AGRICULTURAL EXPENDITURE ON EC...Read More » 60 pages | 1-5 chapters THE PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF DEREGULATION OF THE TELEC...Read More » 120 pages | 1-5 chapters THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL DEBT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGER...Read More » 60 pages | 1-5 chapters THE IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE ON THE NIGERIA ECONOMIC GRO...Read More » 85 pages | 1-5 chapters THE PROBLEM OF INTERNAL REVENUE GENERATION IN NIGERIA...Read More » 123 pages | 1-5 chapters THE IMPACT OF PETROLEUM PRICE VOLATILITY ON NIGERIA’S...Read More » 45 pages | 1-5 chapters THE IMPACT OF OIL PRICE MOVEMENT ON THE NIGERIAN STOCK ...Read More » 75 pages | 1-5 chapters THE ROLE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN REDUCING UNEMPLOYME...Read More » 50 pages | 1-5 chapters EFFICIENCY OF NIGERIAN PORTS’ OPERATION THROUGH IMPRO...Read More » 85 pages | 1-5 chapters THE IMPACT OF FOOD IMPORTATION ON FOOD PRODUCTION...Read More » 75 pages | 1-5 chapters INFRASTRUCTURE DISTRIBUTION AND ITS EFFECT ON ACADEMIC ...Read More » 27 pages | 1-5 chapters RELATIVE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORMS ON AGRICULT...Read More » 100 pages | 1-5 chapters THE COMPREHENSIVE APPRAISAL OF THE COST, BENEFIT AND ST...Read More » 85 pages | 1-5 chapters THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON AGRICULTURE AND...Read More » 85 pages | 1-5 chapters EFFECT OF ACTIVITIES OF NIGERIA STOCK EXCHANGE ON THE D...Read More » 87 pages | 1-5 chapters ANALYSIS OF CREDIT FACILITIES TO SMALL SCALE FARMERS (A...Read More » 116 pages | 1-5 chapters THE IMPACT OF OIL PRICE SHOCKS ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH O...Read More » 128 pages | 1-5 chapters THE IMPACT OF LIQUIDITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIA...Read More » 66 pages | 1-5 chapters DETERMINANTS OF GROWTH FOR INDIGENOUS CONSTRUCTION SMAL...Read More » 82 pages | 1-5 chapters AN APPRAISAL OF TAX INCENTIVES AS A TOOL FOR ECONOMIC D...Read More » 54 pages | 1-5 chapters EFFECT OF THE DEVALUATION OF THE NAIRA ON THE OPERATION...Read More » 70 pages | 1-5 chapters THE EFFECT OF BANK VERIFICATION NUMBER (BVN) ON FRAUD P...Read More » 80 pages | 1-5 chapters AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT O...Read More » 150 pages | 1-5 chapters IMPACT OF INFLATION ON GOVERNMENT SPENDING IN NIGERIAN ...Read More » 86 pages | 1-5 chapters THE IMPACT OF THE CBN'S CASHLESS POLICY ON THE DEVELOPM...Read More » 105 pages | 1-5 chapters IMPACT OF SAVINGS ON FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA ...Read More » 55 pages | 1-5 chapters IMPACT OF POWER GENERATION ON THE ECONOMY OF NIGERIA (1...Read More » 50 pages | 1-5 chapters AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL MARKET IN THE...Read More » 80 pages | 1-5 chapters THE ANALYSIS OF EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS ON NIGERIA�...Read More » 1-5 chapters AGRICULTURAL FUNDING AS SOLUTION TO NIGERIA ECONOMIC DI...Read More » 55 pages | 1-5 chapters IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS IN VALUE-ADDED TAX...Read More » 130 pages | 1-5 chapters IMPACT OF FDI ON THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR OF THE NIGERIA...Read More » 50 pages | 1-5 chapters EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT EDU...Read More » 140 pages | 1-5 chapters EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF INFLATION ON NIGERIA STOCK ...Read More » 1-5 chapters HOW TO GET YOUR COMPLETE PROJECT MATERIAL INSTANTLY * Choose your approved or related project topic listed on our site - researchwap.com. * Click on the topic to preview its content (this is recommended to let clients have a fair knowledge of what they are going for, and to give out samples to those who have trust issues with online business). * Call Our 24/7 Customer Service Desk or send an SMS to (+234) 08037664978 * You can also send an Email to [email protected] * WhatsApp Chat# (+234) 0803-766-4978 and Get Your Complete Project Material Immediately. * All project materials on this website are well researched by professionals with high level of professionalism. * But if you do not have an approved project topic yet * Select 3 free Project Topics of your choice from your Department here - CLICK HERE FOR MORE PROJECT CATEGORIES @ FINAL YEAR PROJECT TOPICS. * Submit the 3 project topics to your Supervisor and wait for his or her Approval, and kindly get back to us as soon as your project topics is approved for your complete project material FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 1. How can I get the complete project if I order? AFTER FOLLOWING THE PAYMENT PROCEDURES HERE, AND WE RECEIVE YOUR DETAILS AS SMS ON 08037664978 or as mail to [email protected], THE MATERIAL WILL BE ATTACHED AND MAILED TO YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS WITHIN 30 MINUTES, AND A NOTIFICATION OF THE DELIVERY WILL BE SENT TO YOUR PHONE NUMBER. 2. How will my payment be confirmed? FOLLOW THE PAYMENT INSTRUCTIONS FOUND ON THE PAYMENTS PAGE. NOTE: Payment information is required for Payment Confirmation. 3. One of your topics suites my project, but the case study is different. What step should I take? Students are always advised to use our materials as guide. However, if you have a different case study, you may need to consult researchwap.com Depending on similarity of the organization/industry (case study) you may modify to, if you wish. 4. How long does it take to get the complete project? Depending on how fast your payment and details is acknowledged by us, you will get the complete project within 30 minutes. However, on a very good day you can still get it within 15 minutes! 5. Why should I trust this website? We are well aware of fraudulent activities (scam) that have been happening on the internet. It is unfortunate, but hopefully declining. However, we wish to re-assure our esteemed clients that we are genuine and our services is authentic, if not, we would not post our account details, email address, phone number or any personal details that could be traceable. Free chapter 1 is always given on the site to prove to you that we got the material. If you are unable to view the free chapter 1 send an email or SMS containing your name, topic, with the subject head "FREE CHAPTER 1" to [email protected] or 08037664978 plus the topic. You will get the free chapter 1 within an hour. 6. Do you accept ATM payments and Online Transfers? Yes. We accept ATM transfers and online payments. FOLLOW THE PAYMENT INSTRUCTIONS FOUND ON THE PAYMENTS PAGE. 7. Is it a complete research project or just materials? Yes it is a complete research project. We send complete project materials (i.e. chapters 1-5, full references, and questionnaires/secondary data to your email address after payment confirmation). 8. How can I pay Online with my ATM card? 1. Visit an ATM 2. Insert your card 3. Select Quickteller 4. Select "Pay bills" 5. Choose your account type 6. Select "Others" 7. Enter 322222 as the payment code 8. Enter your phone number as "Customer Reference" 9. Accept the N1.00 amount displayed 10. Follow prompts to complete the transaction 9. How will I receive a software? A link to download the software will always be on the first page of the material• 10. I have a fresh topic that is not on your site. How do I go about it? We have professional writers in management sciences, computer science and social sciences. If you have a fresh topic, just click this hire a writer link, fill the form, submit the details and one of our writers will contact you shortly. About ResearchWap Complete Project Topics and Materials for Final Year Students. Trustworthy, Timely Delivery, and 24/7 Customer Support. Call or Chat Us on +2348037664978 Quick links How to subscribe Get assistance Hire a professional writer FAQs Terms Of Use Quick Contact Call Us: (+234) 08037664978 Email: [email protected] Like us on Facebook Chat with us on WhatsApp Copyright © 2022. All rights reserved researchwap.net - Complete Project Topics and Materials for Final Year Students