Non-abelian finite groups with exactly $n$ normal subgroups. Let $\mathfrak{N}$ be the class of all non-abelian finite groups and define $\nu: \mathfrak{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{N}_{\gt 1}$ by $\nu(G)=|\{{1} \leq N \leq G: N$ normal in $G\}|$. Is the map $\nu$ surjective? In other words, for any positive integer $n \gt 1$, does there always exist a non-abelian group with exactly $n$ normal subgroups? Example: if $n$ is a (non-trivial) power of $2$, then it is guaranteed: take a direct product of $n$ copies of a non-abelian simple group.

Yes. For $n \ge 1$, we can construct solvable examples $G_n$ having exactly $n+1$ normal subgroups that form a chain. We can start with $G_1 = C_2$, which is abelian, but they will be nonabelian for $n>1$, and to solve your problem for $n=2$ you need to take a nonabelian simple group.
Assume that we have constructed $G_n$ with this property. So $G_n$ has a unique minimal normal subgroup $N$. Choose a prime $p$ and an irreducible ${\mathbb F}_pG$-module $V$, such that $N$ does not act trivially on $V$. We can certainly do that if we choose $p$ not dividing $|G|$. Then, since $N$ is the unique minimnal normal subgroup of $G_n$, $V$ must be a faithful module. Now we can define $G_{n+1} = V \rtimes G_n$, and it has the required properties, with the elementary abelian subgroup $V$ being its unique minimal normal subgroup.
I think you can probably do this also using just two alternating primes. So, with primes $2,3$, you could choose $G_1=C_2$, $G_2=S_3$, $G_3=S_4$, $G_4=3^3:S_4 = {\tt SmallGroup(648,704)}$, $G_5=2^6:3^3:S_4$, etc.
