Nullity of the same matrix over a finite and infinite field Is there a relation between the nullity of the same matrix over a finite field and a infinite field?
Or is there a prime power q so there the differents of nullity of a matrix over, let's say the rational numbers and the field $\Bbb{F_q}$ is small?

Your question makes most sense if you ask it about a matrix of integers, say $A$. It is slightly easier to talk about the rank, so I will do that: the Rank-Nullity Theorem lets one translate to nullities.
Given such a matrix matrix $A$ we can find (by the Smith Normal Form algorithm) invertible matrices of integers $P,Q$ of determinant $\pm 1$ such that $PAQ=D$ where 
$$
D=\begin{pmatrix} 
d_1 & 0 & \dots & 0 & \dots & 0\\
0 & d_2 & \dots & 0 & \dots& 0\\
\vdots&\vdots&\ddots & 0 &\dots& 0\\
0 & 0 &\dots& d_k & \dots &0\\
\vdots &\vdots& & \vdots& & \vdots\\
0 & 0 &&0&&0
\end{pmatrix} \text{ (all other entries $0$)}
$$
with non-zero integers $d_1|d_2|\dots|d_k$.
If now $K$ is a field of characteristic $0$, the rank of $A$ is $k$.
If $K$ is a field of characteristic $p$ then the rank of $A$ is $\ell$ where $\ell$ is the least $s$ such that $p\not|d_s$.
