Rational function with absolute value $1$ on unit circle 
What is the general form of a rational function which has absolute value $1$ on the circle $|z|=1$? In particular, how are the zeros and poles related to each other?

So, write $R(z)=\dfrac{P(z)}{Q(z)}$, where $P,Q$ are polynomials in $z$. The condition specifies that $|R(z)|=1$ for all $z$ such that $|z|=1$. In other words, $|P(z)|=|Q(z)|$ for all $z$ such that $|z|=1$. What can we say about $P$ and $Q$?

For your doubt regarding the polynomial turning out to be constant, observe that a rational function has finitely many zeros. So any value must be attained finitely many times(equal to the order of said rational function)
