Ratio of circumference to radius I know that the ratio of the circumference to the diameter is Pi - what about the ratio of the circumference to the radius? Does it have any practical purpose when we have Pi? Is it called something (other than 2 Pi)? 

That $\pi$ and $2 \pi$ have a very simple relationship to each other sharply limits the extent to which one can be more useful or more fundamental than the other.  
However, there are probably more formulas that are simpler when expressed using $2\pi$ instead of $\pi$, than the other way around. For example, there is often an algebraic expression involving something proportional to $(2\pi)^n$ and if expressed using powers of $\pi$ this would introduce factors of $2^n$. 
