Prove this inequality $a \sqrt{1-b^2}+b\sqrt{1-a^2}\le1 $ Prove that for $a,b\in [-1,1]$:

$$a\sqrt{1-b^2}+b\sqrt{1-a^2}\leq 1$$


Use the AM-GM inequality: For nonnegative $x,y$, we have $\displaystyle\sqrt{xy}\le\frac{x+y}2$. This follows immediately from expanding and rearranging the obvious inequality $(\sqrt x-\sqrt y)^2\ge0$.
Here, we have $$\begin{array}{rl} a\sqrt{1-b^2}+b\sqrt{1-a^2}&\le|a|\sqrt{1-b^2}+|b|\sqrt{1-a^2}\\&\le\frac{a^2+(1-b^2)}2+\frac{b^2+(1-a^2)}2\\&=\frac22=1.\end{array}$$
Note that the AM-GM inequality is an equality iff $x=y$, so here we have $a=|a|$, $b=|b|$, and $a^2=1-b^2$, or $a^2+b^2=1$, so $a=\sin\theta$ and $b=\cos\theta$ for some $\theta$ in the first quadrant. This suggests the other solution, where more generally we let $a=\sin\alpha$, $b=\cos\beta$ for some $\alpha,\beta$ (or some variant thereof).
