Are indefinite integrals unique up to the constant of integration? We often write e.g. $$\int x^2 dx=\tfrac{1}{3}x^3+c$$ for any $c \in \mathbb{R}$, where $c$ is the constant of integration.
We can show (via limits) that, if $g(x)=\frac{1}{3}x^3+c$, then $\frac{dg}{dx}=x^2$ for any $c \in \mathbb{R}$.  But this doesn't exclude the possibility that some function $f=f(x)$ that doesn't have the form $\tfrac{1}{3}x^3+c$ also has the derivative $\frac{df}{dx}=x^2$.  So...

Q: Are indefinite integrals unique up to the constant of integration?  If so, how do we know?


Hint: consider the difference of primitives, the derivative of which vanishes. now if the domain is  connected then this implies that the difference must be a constant (this follows from the mean value theorem). 
To expand on git guds fitting remark above: take the domain to be $\Omega:=(-1,0)\cup(0,1)$ then the characteristic function $\chi_{(0,1)}$ is differentiable on $\Omega$ and its derivative is zero. If $g$ is a primitive of $f$ on $\Omega$, then $g+\chi_{(0,1)}$ is another primitive but the difference $\chi_{(0,1)}$ is not constant.
