Understanding the Leontief inverse What I remember from economics about input/output analysis is that it basically analyses the interdependencies between business sectors and demand. If we use matrices we have $A$ as the input-output matrix, $I$ as an identity matrix and $d$ as final demand. In order to find the final input $x$ we may solve the Leontief Inverse:
$$
x = (I-A)^{-1}\cdot d
$$
So here's my question: Is there a simple rationale behind this inverse? Especially when considering the form:
$$
   (I-A)^{-1} = I+A + A^2 + A^3\ldots
$$
What happens if we change an element $a_{i,j}$ in $A$? How is this transmitted within the system? And is there decent literature about this behaviour around? Thank you very much for your help!

The equation you are concerned with relates total output $x$ to intermediate output $Ax$ plus final output $d$, $$ x = Ax + d $$.  
If the inverse $(I - A)^{-1}$ exists, then a unique solution to the equation above exists. Note that some changes of $a_{ij}$ may cause a determinate system to become indeterminate, meaning there can be many feasible production plans.
Also, increasing $a_{ij}$ is equivalent to increasing the demand by sector $i$ for the good produced by sector $j$.  Thus, as sector $i$ produces more, it will consume more of sector $j$'s goods in its production process.
