Why can't prime numbers satisfy the Pythagoras Theorem? That is, why can't a set of 3 prime numbers be a Pythagorean triplet? Suppose $a$, $b$ and $c$ are three prime numbers. 
How to prove that $a^2 + b^2 \neq c^2$?

Primes are all odd expect $2$, so if $a, b, c$ don't contain $2$, $a^2 + b^2$ is even but $c^2$ is odd, then $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ can't be true.
Of course if $c=2$, then $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ can't be true.
If $a = 2$, then $c>b$ then $c^2 - b^2 \geq (b+2)^2 - b^2 = 4b + 4 > a^2 $
