Example of a *-homomorphism that is faithful on a dense *-subalgebra, but not everwhere 
Let $A,B$ be C*-algebras and let $\varphi: A \to B$ be a $*$-homomorphism. Suppose that $\ker( \varphi) \cap D = \{0\}$ where $D$ is a dense $*$-subalgebra of $A$. Does it follow that $\varphi$ is injective?

I'm pretty sure the answer is "no". At various times I've had to upgrade injectivity on a dense subalgebra to injectivity on the whole algebra, but this has always involved very specific situations or extra hypotheses. I don't think I've ever seen an example which shows this is generally false though.
Added: In hindsight, the following equivalent formulation of this question would have been slightly cleaner.

Find a nonzero, closed ideal $I$ in a C*-algebra $A$ such that $D \cap I = \{0\}$ for some dense $*$-subalgebra $D \subset A$?

Jonas Meyer gives a very simple example. Take $A=C[0,2]$, $I$ to be the ideal of functions which vanish on $[0,1]$, and $D$ to be the polynomial functions in $A$.
A more elaborate example is obtained by taking $A=C^*(G)$, the full group C*-algebra of a discrete, nonamenable group $G$; $D = \mathbb{C} G$, the copy of the group algebra in $A$; and $I$ to be the kernel of projection down to the reduced group C*-algebra $C^*_r(G)$
None's answer appears to be erroneous. 

If $A=C[0,2]$ and $B=C[0,1]$, define $\phi:A\to B$ to be the restriction map $\phi(f)=f|_{[0,1]}$. Let $D\subset A$ be the algebra of polynomial functions on $[0,2]$.
Then $\ker(\phi)\cap D=\{0\}$ because no nonzero polynomial function vanishes on $[0,1]$.  However, $\phi$ is not injective because for example it sends the nonzero continuous function $f(t)=\max\{0,t-1\}$ on $[0,2]$ to the zero function on $[0,1]$.  Note that $D$ is dense by the Weierstrass approximation theorem. 
