What kind of graph is this? A pie chart? Besides a gross use of Comic Sans, what kind of graph is this? I've seen it used for population statistics before, but I don't know what it's called.

My first instinct was to just say "bullet chart" due to process of elimination. After researching what a bullet chart is, which includes thresholds and targets, I'm now leaning toward some kind of unorthodox pie chart since it's dealing solely of percentage makeup of the whole.
I'm still not convinced that this is simply called a "pie chart," but it's all I got.

I've given the question "+1" beacsue it led me to look up what exactly a bullet chart is. Like the questioner, I have now done a little research and am convinced that a bullet graph needs to show progress achieved towards a particular goal.
Moving on, let us consider the other possibilities.
Bar charts and line graphs (we seem to be using chart/graph as equivalents) should have a scale showing the variable and a scale showing the frequency. This chart has neither, so it's not one of them. Although it may be close to being a very badly drawn "stacked bar chart"...?
The key feature of a pie chart is that the area devoted to a particular attribute is proportional to the frequency of that attribute. Normally they are drawn as portions of a circle, but a pie could be rectangular, in which case a rectangular pie chart might be possible (although I have never seen one before).
This chart has the property that area seems to be proportional to frequency, so I would go for pie chart. It even has the percentages which some pie charts include.
