How to prove the continuity of the metric function? Given a metric space $(X,d)$, how to prove that the function $d \colon X \times X \to \mathbf{R}$ is continuous? 
If we take any two arbitrary real numbers $a$ and $b$ such that $a < b$, then we need to show that the set $d^{-1} (a,b)$ given by 
$$ d^{-1} (a,b) :=  \{ (x, y) \in X \times X | a < d(x,y) < b \} $$
is open in the product topology on $X \times X$. 
A basis for this product topology is the collection of all cartesian products of open balls in $(X,d)$. 

For $a, b ∈ ℝ$, let $(x,y) ∈ d^{-1} (a..b)$, i.e. $a < d(x,y) < b$. Now choose $ε$ such that $U_{2ε} (d(x,y)) ⊂ (a..b)$ and look at $U_ε (x) × U_ε (y)$.
For any tuple of points $(x',y') ∈ U_ε (x) × U_ε (y)$ you have
$$d(x',y') ≤ d(x',x) + d(x,y) + d(y,y') < d(x,y) + 2ε$$
as well as
$$d(x,y) ≤ d(x,x') + d(x',y') + d(y',y) < d(x',y') + 2ε$$
This means $a < d(x,y) - 2ε < d(x',y') < d(x,y) + 2ε < b$.
Therefore $U_{ε} (x) × U_{ε} (y) ⊂ d^{-1} (a..b)$.
