How many positive divisors of 2000? I thought that the number of divisors of a number was the product of the indices in its factorisation, plus $2$ (for 1 and the number itself). For instance, $2000=2^{4} \cdot 5^{3}$, so it would have $4 \cdot 3 + 2 = 14$ divisors. 
Apparently, however, $2000$ actually has $20$ divisors. What am I doing wrong?

Lets look at any natural number and it's positive divisors.
Every number $n$ greater than $1$ can be represented uniquely in a form of
$$n = (p_1)^{i_1}\cdot(p_2)^{i_2}\cdot\ldots\cdot(p_m)^{i_m}=\prod_{1\leq l \leq m} (p_l)^{i_l}$$
where $p_l$ is a strictly growing sequence of prime numbers. 
Now any number that is in a form
$$d = (p_1)^{j_1}\cdot(p_2)^{j_2}\cdot\ldots\cdot(p_m)^{j_m}=\prod_{1\leq l \leq m}(p_l)^{j_l}, \text{where } \forall_{1\leq l\leq m} 0\leq j_l \leq i_l$$
is a divisor of $n$ and all divisors of $n$ are exactly in that form. The proof is obvious so let me skip it.
In other words we have $l$ sets of natural numbers from $0$ to $i_l$ so each of those sets has exactly $i_l+1$ elements. To create a divisor of $n$ we need to pick exactly one element from each of the sets. We can do that in 
$$\sigma=\prod_{1\leq l\leq m}(i_l+1) = (i_1+1)\cdot(i_2+1)\cdot\ldots\cdot(i_m+1)$$
So $\sigma$ is your total number of unique positive divisors of $n$.
In your case
$$2000=2^4\cdot5^3$$
hence
$$m=2$$
$$p_1=2$$
$$p_2=5$$
$$i_1=4$$
$$i_2=3$$
$$\sigma = (4+1)\cdot(3+1)=5\cdot 4 = 20$$

What am I doing wrong

Well, the answer is actually here

I thought that the number of divisors of a number was the product of the indices in its factorisation, plus 2 (for 1 and the number itself)

With this you ignore the possibility of entirely dropping $l\text{-th}$ prime number when creating your divisors (i.e. having $j_l=0$ for any $l$).
