Peru.
A mail arrived yesterday from Brazil, bringing letters from Rio de Janeiro to the 19th of September. The packet had been detained about a fortrnight, in consequence of the absence of the Emnperor on a visit into the interior, but brings no political intelligence relative to Brazil. A Spa- nish officer had arrived at Rio de Janeiro, who left Are- quipa, in Pern, on the 9th of July, at which date, though nearly a month later than the last accounts from the same quarter, no tidines had been eained of the arrival of the Spanish ships Asia and Achilles in the Pacific. The re- ports of this officer on the situation of Peru are not more recent, but confirn all wlicl was state(d in the last papers from Buenos Ayres. On the subject of the retreat ot' Ola- neta froin Potosi, it is stated that all the ecclesiastics and the principal inhabitants attended him to 'rarifa on that occasion. Valdez, who was pursuing him, was deserted by his troops in such nunibers, that it was not expneted he would have Inen enough left, when he came up, to make an attack on Olaneta. The regiment of Gerona hadl had its rinks thinned in one niglit by the deser- tion of 300 men, and nearly thc same had occur- red in the other corps of Valdez's army. Of La Serna, who, by the last accounts from Arequipa. was on the point of abandoning th- cause and embarking for Europe, no mention is matle; but the contest between Valdez and Olaneta in Upper Peru is represented as an event entirely fatal to Cantarac. who, when last heard of, which was the 22d of June, was at Huancayo, in the V'alley of Jauja, waiting thc advance of Bolivar. It was fully ex- pected the Spanish General would retreat, being utterly unable, in point of force, to contend with Bolivar's army. His reinforcements,whlichl were to have been sent on to him by Valdez, having failed himn, his whole plan of operations was frustrated, and he could neither hope to attack nor to defend with advantage. The troops of Cantarac and Valdez were on half-pay only, while those of Bolivar and of Olaneta were receiving full pay. At Callao two con- spiracies had occurred in favour of the Patriots, the last of which was discovered under the seal of confession,and 80 of those concerntedi in it were slhot. " IT the tlhird," says the writer of a letter from the place, " we shall be more cau- tious, and less religious." PERU.