South America.
~~T~iiesentCongr~~sa mec 16'ispices tban lfd, lbrin~ir. LasL Ye~ai tbe eyemy still occupll 7asoniin important 'pbssin the llepublic,-fr6ar ahec,srar~-l~i-ft~pj fortunate blw,o hih te-n A-i'-of tite flieiffbcte~i whom rlwivefirot eqte ix-ur territoryi ai1ghtdofitrlbuite~;J'XariF ~;dconsol1dP,6 tlbe'Prblic?b jgnio?~and to-giveiditional'Itistre to the :loir. of C,lorn1b, a. ,Youcometo deibesati7 fdr i eiRo our cOritstnnts,in h ranquil daysw;hics oxln~ fA~tds .r_y rthe cstant'sacrifices6r tfi thCoIombiln ezIiidrirny; ,4N :4I,ii!qrtajn a may.~e the coiiitinuation,ofte hi thEe cdritvd f6els -itself anirnated with tbe-Oinoslv%lk- aaiire, to p~resept te,y~ri kfa,iihfnplpc our of the i-Republic.ni;6f ro tids 3 tertt f~eld thara in. this Session-, to einplo3 ~vitli'succes~%Lr The Govrnment f inaC. thoil~ne myersirr-fstnsin% t CiiiML schiie-bfdsavownng te.justictoouremauTeExeio, aduthe, a powe T4ofCotea o Cadiz'in. ts la to~ Csiiedothbrcoandiatriiuie i~th newAmerica States, isisting rf~i the n e frme-o-cr, lefig ces., maintio our t-i'h igh hetardour peiin~ theE6ue 'xcltive' knowledg.:e of ,th coiisi~rl tiblv unte to peoii-n tribuades tle Spa nislii G decn to!b*eonr maanre t- -put sin endito the wa,r, ndto prolote-h whappinesiiudplrderit~- Of botle nations;- but the catastrophi~ whichl4e presenit regime ili -the Periinstila has just sufflered, rcdugces us to tshe extrenihy' of fl6t expeecing aiy thin, bul by the forecof arms. -The-in (Ferdiiaind) has been restorid to absolute power-; &yth.id-wQi'tefchiurrmy to which thes asilter4 theinseives .afflrded.assistance. i{is ofiicii acts,>i~ts ?-aras reg.Ard'the ntcW American'States;show clearly that bs -iteds4 ee whr,.to subject us to the-,ancient odiousiei%T- tudef-~siin iftIue Execuetive does not-doubt: the views.-of the ~~~~~ .etcdoes it doobt- 4thatt the-forces -wM6~l ther -Retsbib illoppse.to it will be of .%iih- a --nature as, in the en!Y tO \it~ ndeendece,its ,goverrnmenty, and- its law'.. cog7is liaavey esenimi stdyinzompleting our defence, by ting the Bccutie themeansof prsar_ig. tht external bia tranolliy o th ~pubic.iand I hope -Iat your first - bu willfor'ardso mpotabtah object; and for that -purpose I refer'to my cOmlnnctr on of the 9th'of Mlay last 1 - Our -u'eIat on witht the Goveramentof Aimerica have taken pio~vtr and consistenicy. The military shitation -ve-Peru has carrztdc1ur warribra to thatc contry,andrhte.Presidlear;the tLiberator, using the permission of Congress, has undirtaken-the-tu3k of' leading them en1 to -vicetory. 'The-presenice of thie iberator-in -Peru- has contributea strongly to save the Sitate from the terrible, calamities of ciyil war. The confidence-which. the Peruvian G'oyernmnent and'people have re- posed in the Liberator ig a, happy presage of their-liberty, and there in no d6tibt, if. on our part, we rfaiish -other auxiliaries, the war o Peru will terminate favQuxrably, and the fate- of South Armerica-re.. snan secured.' 'The succoui.-which tire- Republic has granited "to, Peru -exceeds its dblgatioa, t; the treaty of alliance -which true Ex. ecutive, with your consent adilapprobabario -ratified;- but as the jer.j,, gfraphical posi ion in' tluat State ide`ntifie8 -itself with 'the lot of Co.. loRibia, pruidence tells us, thatin Peru we areiacting in- oun~ owi de- fence. Thie Peruvian.Congresslias ratified,- -without alterattiotj, the treaty of ~allianece.and aminty with. the Republic.; and the, ?thiian Congress will have ratified theirs with- the same-inotlific2ti6ni.'The treaty entercd into is-ith the Govqrnmewt.of- Bntenog Ayre-s i-Ijt be pre-seoited for your examination aind approval, alowg with thit-ivhinih has been rmade with the Governmnent ofT Mexico, -i, 'in proper time, they-arrive in tW&ecapital. All these -tireatis a oi_ltdthe AmeUnnConederno whch he Ovemnent,of Colomnbia under.. too tebrnn, o ivestailiy t te idepndeceof lhe ne* world; rope te elfcts wicn weforesw, :t eBt,ur UiTZ~o re tin tutil it eestintedtheConres ofPleii,retiariesf-hnew Americank The political situation oI~ Mexico is very dilfrreent to what it axx last - year. The Mexiqan-poople and army, excited against the ad- minimtration of their chLief, Iturbide; re-established the authority Qf the Congress, deithroed. and banished that persona4e to Rurepe. Thisa event may hsv Lrdctdaltesoacical prenciples hinch hadt been proclaimed, ard will serve as the basis of a popular repre- sentative 'GoverniTieint. The new A[exican Government mbarches alonc -this path with energy and firmness--its measume to i6rfuite the Corugre-ta prohibit trade with subjects of the -Spanish Govern- -incui, blockaMe the fortress of San Juan -de Uiloa, and expel- the dii-i affected from its territories, sufficiently demnonstrate it. The'pro.. vin~e2 of the old Capt%in.G'eneralship of -Guatirnlabhave o-rganizedl an, indepetident iittae;- anid, for its first- act, it:is known- that it h dop. th pouar reprgruntative systemi. - Some people of ins jurisdito W6 ~ t refuge ir Gii,in thte epoch of the agitkiion, of-the Imperial Government; but, as the Executive ought not ta countenancee the disor-ganization of theothcr -states, or to extend the: territory of thec Republic against itsi fundamental law, I limited my- self to interpose our good offices with the Government of Mexico iii thelr-tavour, and I- offred an inviolable'asylum to persecuted pa.. tants. This occasion appears to me fba'ourable to declare,, that the Governmnent of C6oiombia neVrhsdpe thie pernicious- doctnine of interfering in the internal afffi~irs of othct independent dtafes.- I The residlence, in thisa eapital. oif the Mlinister Plenip4tentiry 6f' the United States, will affoird us the reosonegt~Jile as Jain-f-aniry -wvhic.l is el htb-te two Governments, and- t- favour the -Intere_ste of the Republic. The Mlinister of Colomblia was-receivcd in Washingtbn -with. the consideration which his-cbt.- ratter, and the identity of principles of both nations, ought to exact. The President of tfei United Stites hais'ignalized his adminCistra- tion with an act eminently jest, 'and worthy of the classic laud of liberty. Ita his last message to Congress, lie haa declayed that he' looks uPon anv interference of any European Power, directed ti~op.. press-or violaTte -the destinies of the Independent Governments of America, as a- manifestaLtion of hostile dispositions towards rthe .United States. Thalt Government considers any - attempt- ois the - part of Allied Powers to extend their sy.stem to-any -portioni of the. - American hemisphere, as dangerous to the peace and secarityof the before.raentioned State. A similar policy of the-humnanrace might' give to-Colombia a powerful alliance, in case its independence and liberty were threatened by the Allied Powers. The Executive wich cannot beindifhretitto 6th~u-n which the po4dtcsof the tTn ite atf have taken, is occupied effi6cacously in reducing the question to tein-- 'i4tive and decisive points. The Ilepublic' of. Colom bia cannorb-he accused -of any thiing by the Allied Fowera~s-;he and her-Govern-.. ment have highly respected the rights of Sovereigns, and thos of their subject.s. Ready to open to atenationLs theiousrta,ir of her na.' tional -riguits, she does tnot re4uiTe ainy other obligation than that- they rcspectNhr independence and ber institutions. But-ifantiril' genius should raise up'new'enemies, time will prove that the Gbe- vermment and the Colombians. have sufficient patriotiam-romzsike the mnost costly-sacrificts ftii oatr inldepen'dence and -liberty. In-a-' mercartile view I h ave managed to clear of difficulties outr relations with the United States,- "and the protection of our commerce, by- means of the appointment of consuls and agents, and publishing andI observin-g scrupulously our laxws and 'itatuics. TheE.xecutive had directed its relations to.Ebrope, -with Tea Britain particularly, whose politicaTappea:r favourable to the camiseef Sooth America, and whose commercial relations have been triareex.. tensive and acntive. -The siympathy of the opinion of the British pub.. lit and its Government in-spire the 'Executive withi the mnostltter.. in oe.I am sorry thtat I cannot communicate to yOu what may beg th limtesolution of the Government of his Britannic Mva. - sety with respect to the Repuiblic. A commiissioni trorm the English (lovernuient is now actually in this capital, from whom we have re-- ceivedl satis-fictory proofs ot the interest yrith which ourstate inspie the mind of themagnanrimous people of EnglAnd. The seceiy hc it has given us against the runiour thit Frauce wilt assistithwa which Spain intends to begin anew, to reducd us to her obedience places us in asituationof not fearing su-ch anoccurrence. The Exe_ cutive,- as well as the Republic, have highly estimatedl their decla- rations, and I can assure the- Conigress that in the p.ogressof-the negotiat-on ie-liich may come on the carpet, I wilt not lose sight-of thie dignityof thie Governnnent,anor of the interests of the Colomnbian, people. If the union of the physic-al and moral power of the Inde.. pendent States of -Amnericai tine order and regularity or our-aasoda.. - tion, respect to the law, ~tntiformitey of opinion, the progress of lean-.. ing, and the adherence-of the Governme-nt to the pathu prescribed b- oar fndamntallaws oumht to wieigh in the zolitical blnefsa. tions, we ought to hope, w~'ith entire confidence, that neither Great Britain nor the other Powbrs~ will disavo,w the power and msuoald force which the Republic of Colombia has acquirea to puit berself upon a level with them. Iarni determnined to take ailvantageoFanv fa - vorbe*pruiyoetn u eain withother Powers whoge- friendship can be of sufficient interest and utility to.thezIepublic. Thte negotiations wirh-the-ApostolicaI Chair beingtstill deptending,. theExecutire continues to experience the diflicullties whichlI an-~ nounced to Congress last 3ession; and I have to beg-you anew -to- adloptsome certain regrulation toax-oldtheprpiudices-whichwe suflir.- It is probable that the Apostolical Chair raly accede- to the-golicits. - tions.of the Exteutive, for th~e benefit of tlie spiitualieoesiitesof.- the Reputblic. - ------ -- i feel'the greatest stisfactionin inflorming .Co!igres,thattbe Re;. public is extrinrdd ta all- the territory whi1Chh -fndamenta*.la- fed Inall its-vast extenisiori tlere-d6os not iemirin--everi are.. "5ict o th expeditionArv - Spanish aLrmyi, and thRLe Constitution -and the, laws hmave-flxed in it their emipire. 'Only afew meis-of thecan. ton of Pasta have wishal7to live bydaiso rder,mamd the Government- has been obliged to. resrt, with pain, to employ anas to crush this. bud of disunion. - Public education has had an'-increase' this year in the establislii ment of. new schools and colleges. That this important branch of common felicity mlay be-extend6d, it is necessary.toleave it to-tie .work of time, for-niitber can the.people snrppott the amount of eon4.~ tributionfor education, hiaving still to contriblute'towardsthe stabi;.-- linof hei inepedece~rio hafe e u1ffieat preceptoms If thme tieigrss utiecies he xectiv to-appropriate. a sum from.-the Fewobjec:s,meritsonmushtheittention of. Cogress mthe,-ad. tiaistration of-justice. Ia this-brancr the people suffered mucb,a. mucl from'ttlc judicial districts bein-g very eXteasive, -the superior: trilinals lbeingplaced-at great--distance , athe' eomplicition-snd -contrariety of Spanish legslation present doubts,'.derays,s,nd eveas injustice. I know welltllatthe absolute'reforni.o 'cvil and erinitsal. legistlatibn is not the workof. one session; blt I -rn c*noinceda tbat- this prcesentCongress-can -begin this iniportant reform, steparatiarit. nii the cognizance.of the intendarisanitW veinorsth parties.of"J;xstkc and State, ;.tnltiplyung the court of juatie.o,#rt actual sittirti6n pointsout, organizingirheroa a more simple and. eo6ioy iiistscaleohxn those-of:the three judicidmstrict-nd rp provini of-bthe enalc<ode -which bas bcen pfteaete drsh thoaealtcr_. ationdwi 'tvWihyour wiidom and 'experien'ce bdeliee nuscrulto theliap..- pineTssofthiti Colombians ~ ': ': '- - T}e aministr.ation sof3utice,qptblic orderNian the welfar of the people, our con-utitnsets require a quick reon'in, . oogh it ;be only prbvisson al in the territorial diviimon'of soinm deeparitmtenta -and pr.il.csmr p4ct3gihext:Altogh thismatteruppo~ Se,niet data>witolltutiwllhiit would bdiffi6uIt to teomnplish:a dive. ilbn-bemnefitiv .ato thne people, it will not be-prejttdrceal that Conges make gessay~of-;hg, l'i-roeno11. - - - --- ': he1iwfrelstivuts thtie naturalisati6ni - of, i Angersi, privi*ts- vfatv'ionu,,aie. t of- uircultivated lan'ds-have lgun tr.bc- exe-- cated,.;and olE its fun dini eni h o pa o - coautri butlag -troigly' to she:P ospefi of he Republic. Foitr hundred thoutaod fanepgals of uncultivah lands in different provinces, have been alienated i- Yirtue of the lawr of tfh 7th of June. 'Th Exective -will pa to the Congress the applications for theprivilege of- teaniboats iI Ob* L-e of tibo,the Frith of Guayaquil, and coast of the Pa. cic; an, as I do n-ot dioubt the ofotbeucceesmoy fhet tee or sek.ve that it will be, of in !eOt consideration to th e impy fl2 me't the Rcpublic will receive in its internal productions and coin. Inerei relations. Thecon-stitutional orinjzAition bas continued progressing vitT a,ezulariy. All the nuthnrities have endeavoured to observe tbt Bill of gights of the Colombian people, and if the difficulties whici cwar;na cotuntry so fatigued with its rnvages,throws in its way, hayi foYcedme to use the extraordiea urerogatives which thelarv arapt! sue, I hiave ne'ver exrerised i't aof.1iy own accord, iloi longer tliat cLLnger warranted it. Tfi regularity of our political caTeer-*ouklst t s be particularly tisfiitory tois, nd the respe s e that to the Coastitutin has bitspirjedcvilized halibna witlh i 4ery.vr. table idea of the Republic: and-we;have still' to hope, for eyp. 0 zrteter importance to our sccurifk,. dll;iiit3y,. and power,. -.. The national fund wilt be for som& gtimle an objeci tof serious re. -itahons5 and unfiuitfuj, and perIapstprejudicial, essays. To cm- ktc C Mxattonal fund in a country impoverished by the political reki~ ueni of the old Goverrunent nnd laws, wasted by tt long and disas. ms war, cannot be the work but of neace, of -epericnce? and ehe lapse of time. TheiCt.ngre3s can infer fromn these irinciples, asid those they heard lRst t.eRon, what have been tbS afflictiors.the Ex. cotire has experienced in the course of the vear and to wvhat ar extrordinary dcgree have beent tb-: efforts imntoyed to drive tbe enemy fro-m oufr tertilorg, or toi giv- solidity to tle Republic. I1 coui- fe'ss. with the most lively plI~ ejbt'toi h tr aioia of the ColombLin Pel~ vnisre wthait witvaheout th fe p ari;sfotism arorl, we s r ,t have come off victorious ih the struggle. Al. been reahix t rsGW es wvhicht the last Congressafforded have not yet en rse to ei i counting upon them, I have made bola to have re- crtursato o?t , -leuistofaci1itat6tha couTs of aaministration. I trst that Lhe Congress-r-ill lend-its authority, that the. Executive d .n S it-, pTortis annd rompWl with the arduoits and important ub :s the Conssitution imnposes. ' * esteem it for the bett'ringeofthe National TrOanury to chatig the tyStusn of administration and ditection of the revenue. A. Chaucellor of the Exchequer's office,:statinned at the seat of Governmeitt will fitClitate the administ:ration of fihance, as well as an establishment of departmental exchequers, wvhere the adcounts are to be. presentedI as-carly as possible for their revision, andto be audited. This re4 guatoa contemplates 'he abolitioh oF the Accomptant.General, the seune offices in the departmental treasuries, which saving will be suf- f cient ti thp expense of the new offices. The Congress will receive a steparate plan, w'hich wi:l develop this idei. I return -gain to recommend to Congress the organization of the td;3-ec monopoly. 'T'his brancl of revenue, receiving the support tic t may be expected, is. 11`n my opinion, to increase the payment of the i-nterest of the- fore,Ign national debt, at the same-ume ro. duirig an ackno0wleac,cd benefit to the cultivators. Thel , xecutivo hls issued ordei'. to app'-1 the product of this revenue to aiconsidera-i cpa- at af tht loan decreed by ConAgress; and it only rgmasns t'ift tanc oan may be orranized and its Administration madeuniformn l=ring to the Executive sufflciest autbority to follow the ipiuence * 'circrmsraaces, which mnav be variable during. the receus%of the- . ature-. The re,pue of iithes,- which, above providing for tbe Clergy, affhrmis to the rdpublic some resource, requites also uniformi. sLnItsadministrative rellimena and a check upon tbe clandestine inversonn of its product. The direct contribution, althougb the most conicg-al to a liberal system, is involved wilth obstacles and diflicul. ta1 _ hich hare occupied the vigilance of the .egislative body. - Its e-nizre retberm appears necessary, reducing it to terms less confused ant1 odioas and more producttve. I feel tbe same on the otber lavs oeindirect contributions. The tax of one dollar on each mark of 2 izold ftr the national mniisem ought not to exist: the product of Itas earabutibon copnpared witlh the deficit which results from the can-esttne extrnetion of metalq in bars or dust, which it causes, is .r Hutle, that it ought to be done away writh. 'Jho department of the Post-office nught to occupy the attention of Uootess. The boundaries of the Republic ate immense, and whilst t3he use of stearm-boats and good roads shorten the distance,. t e2p Mms ought to facilitate the comminmication amongall the citi- nts, anti between them and the Gowne,rnnent. This revenue ought; T 01 Duy to eccomolish suc'h important objects. but will be produc- tive t l the National Trreasury. t think I do not deceive myself by cting nire, that by improving OlSr actual revenue, It willbe sufficient far dur ordinary expenses,when onee w-e hie paid for the rudiments e-f ~Or rhich wct pessess, esi the armny he placed on the peace esta- There is not time to know the result of the operations Of the Exe-. Cetire in arranging aPd settling the loan of Mtarch, 1822. The in. eteTCs_d in it have - rotested against thelaw of the 1st of July; but zs thsE-ec3tive ')iasendeavoured to fulfil the views of Congress and the wishes of tlk e friends of Colombia, I hope to terminate this busi- n7ess to the sp disfaction of the parties interested, and to facilitate the zrmotiatiop of the new loan. Then we shall bave given a noble ex- pTe r the ,ood faith of the Government, and establish the credit] r-f tlc`XepubIic. Posterity will not-Lave to blame us with having Xuse, 'iy burdened it with'a superfidous debt to satisfy fictitiousne- ec$.stis; no, to poseeThir we will leave our country and liberty, i now come to speak of the glories of the army of Colomb,a. On the faIl of August the city of 313racaibo was restored to the Repub. 3.'c, aftr: various successes to our arns, particuilarly in the glorious ra,l combat of the 24th of July. The Chiefs to whom the Execu- ciregare the directions of the sea2and land forces corresponded ex.| 2IF v.ell with the hopes of the Republic ; and in virtue of the in. "uctiedrs which they had granted to the General of the enemy, a mapitalation, the m;rit and generosity of which cannot be denied by tie Spaniards themselves. Scarcely had the Republic con- -rtulated itself with the triumph of the army of the Zulih when 4t atielution was called to the acquisition of Puerto Cabello,. on the 6zbiof November, in a tnanner which wiU always reP.eet ho. nur on the army of the departnient of Venezuela and its Chief. This pmst hail constantly r-sisted the forces of the Republic; and in it the enemy had established a rallving point for their operations. Sine Puero Cabelio unftrlel'd tie Colombian bannetr Venezuela has been restored to tranquillity, .tad actu:al war Is co-elud-ed- The 2xecuttie has not seen vith inaifrerenc4 tnese successes in the de. cave which will be presented to Congress T lhare preserved the re- cllection sund approbation vhiclh t0.;ey :ave deserved from the Re. pablic;and Governmert. iadenenrMY Of COl'Anbia, which has made war to conquer peace, f .e, a llbe,ty, to whose constant and eminent services thw ripublic -,6wes its tranquillity, whose arms are the trong shield ic efe:ads the Cosstitution.this army, as much the friend of rtepandr..ce as of liberty-such suffercrs in privations, as well as t'3orm,s in the field of battle, deserve laws to pretrewve them from zppression and vexations, and to secure to tthern a decent sub- sisrenc, to opcn the door to honour, to favour them with justice in te distribution of their rewards, and that their families may not 'be fergecten after death. These laws I ask froM the Congress of Col=nbia, entirely possessed with the confidence that the Legislation ofehe Republic feel as renibly as the Ececutive the eminent services of the defenders of its independence and liberty. Our m2ail force of marines, a very important part of the anny. accomplished important services, and will always achieve th'e1 like, ifthe are 'pl ced on the footing once before I said they ought to be. Soetie obstacles bave presented themselves in attainina this, but I have confidence that they will be overcome by the wisdom of rcmr Lvws of organization, and the constancy of the Executive. the Secrtary of Warine will infbrmn you of the use I have made of i e authorit) ganted by the law of the Ist of July.. I hope that the Cetircess, bringing before them the memorials wihich the Secretaries - Correspoadenrcepresented bv my order last sessionl, may turn their attenti,n to the object therein described. They provide abun- a2,nt natrer for the Representatives to eniploy their talents and ex- penren in favour of the heroic people our constituents, whose fa. rvurzJ.le vctty we may be sure of while we devote ourselves to their hi2a?r.ness and tranquilitv. On finishing this picture, I ought to confess that rmy heart is full v t bitterness to see t at I have not been able to do all the benefit for thepublic 7hicl mny conscience dictates to me. It is to your talents and your poower that it is left to fill Colombia with prosperity, And t,corTect the errors which I may have involuntarily made In the coepief ray administration. It serves me, however, as a comnfort, te preseat you Colombia free for the first time froul. her enemies, :nmitted mito the society of natisns, tranquil in its interior, and r.gidly adherent to the Constitution. Under such ouspices you have the h ost precious opportunity to open the fountains of public pros- Ten i, and to reciprocate the cowfidence which the nation has placed an you. Countupon the promptitude of the Executive in the obsery- :mce and perfecaion of JOur deliberations, and of its absolute conse- ration to the well-being Lnd security of the Republic. RANCIeSCO DE P. SANTANDERp j, ..-- . - . - -sou?TYj AMfvutdA. ,llESSiAGE TREilRE.PR?TDRN OGCOLOW.M41A, -" C 2 R ,E . v ,