query: Where is platinum most abundant?
passage: Platinum
Platinum is a member of the platinum group of elements and group 10 of the periodic table of elements. It has six naturally occurring isotopes. It is one of the rarer elements in Earth's crust, with an average abundance of approximately 5μg/kg. It occurs in some nickel and copper ores along with some native deposits, mostly in South Africa, which accounts for 80% of the world production. Because of its scarcity in Earth's crust, only a few hundred tonnes are produced annually, and given its important uses, it is highly valuable and is a major precious metal commodity.[5]
passage: Platinum
Several barium platinides have been synthesized in which platinum exhibits negative oxidation states ranging from −1 to −2. These include BaPt, Ba 3Pt 2, and Ba 2Pt.[37] Caesium platinide, Cs 2Pt, a dark-red transparent crystalline compound[38] has been shown to contain Pt2− anions.[39] Platinum also exhibits negative oxidation states at surfaces reduced electrochemically.[40] The negative oxidation states exhibited by platinum are unusual for metallic elements, and they are attributed to the relativistic stabilization of the 6s orbitals.[39]