query: When did China embrace socialism?
passage: Chinese economic reform
The Chinese economic reform (simplified Chinese:改革开放; traditional Chinese:改革開放; pinyin:Gǎigé kāifàng; literally: 'reform and opening-up'; known in the West as the Opening of China) refers to the program of economic reforms termed "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" and "socialist market economy" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) which reformists within the Communist Party of China - led by Deng Xiaoping - started in December 1978.
passage: Ten Major Relationships
In official account, the speech is celebrated as the landmark of the search for an alternative mode of socialist development that fitted the specific conditions in China and it also marks the beginning of Mao's denouncement of the Soviet Union in the late 1950s. In fewer than 13,000 words in Chinese (10,000 in English translation), Mao stressed that China had to avoid repeating “certain defects and errors that occurred in the course of their [the Soviet Union] building socialism”. Covered in the speech are the economic, social, political, and ethnical aspects of building socialism in China. Mao further charted a strategy of forming alliance and splitting enemies in international sphere.