query: When were medical ethics created?
passage: Medical ethics
There are several other codes of conduct. The Hippocratic Oath discusses basic principles for medical professionals. This document dates back to the fifth century BCE.[5] Both The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and The Nuremberg Code (1947) are two well-known and well respected documents contributing to medical ethics. Other important markings in the history of Medical Ethics include Roe v. Wade in 1973 and the development of Hemodialysis in the 1960s. As this field continues to develop and change throughout history, the focus remains on fair, balanced, and moral thinking. Medical ethics encompasses a practical application in clinical settings as well as scholarly work on its history, philosophy, and sociology.
passage: Edward Shotter
Shotter is most notable for founding the London Medical Group in the mid-1960s. This was a forum for the discussion of the ethical issues of medicine and grew out of his work with the Student Christian Movement, the Diocese of London and the London Medical Deaneries. This group was widely exported to other UK medical schools. The group, its activities and members presaged the Society for the Study of Medical Ethics, later the Institute of Medical Ethics, which set up the "Journal of Medical Ethics". Shotter continues to be involved with the IME. Despite being involved with the LMG and its descendant organisations for over four decades he never lectured on the any particular medical ethical topic. He only ever chaired two meetings of the LMG, once because of the last-minute cancellation of the arranged chair. Ensuring that LMG was not seen as a 'chaplaincy exercise' was important to its success; Shotter ensured its impartiality and an even-handed representation all parties in debates.