query: Who first discovered Botulinum toxin?
passage: Botulinum toxin
In 1895 (seventy-five years later), Émile van Ermengem, professor of bacteriology and a student of Robert Koch, correctly described Clostridium botulinum as the bacterial source of the toxin. Thirty-four attendees at a funeral were poisoned by eating partially salted ham, an extract of which was found to cause botulism-like paralysis in laboratory animals. Van Ermengem isolated and grew the bacterium, and described its toxin,[41] which was later purified by P Tessmer Snipe and Hermann Sommer.[42]
passage: Botulinum toxin
Botox has not been approved for any pediatric use.[31] It has, however, been used off-label by physicians for several conditions. including spastic conditions in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy, a therapeutic course that has resulted in patient deaths.[31] In the case of treatment of infantile esotropia in patients younger than 12 years of age, several studies have yielded differing results.[21]