TITLE: Structural Similarity: When to Use Deep Generative Models on Imbalanced Image Dataset Augmentation 

ABSTRACT: Improving the performance on an imbalanced training set is one of the main
challenges in nowadays Machine Learning. One way to augment and thus re-balance
the image dataset is through existing deep generative models, like
class-conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN) or Diffusion Models by
synthesizing images on each of the tail-class. Our experiments on imbalanced
image dataset classification show that, the validation accuracy improvement
with such re-balancing method is related to the image similarity between
different classes. Thus, to quantify this image dataset class similarity, we
propose a measurement called Super-Sub Class Structural Similarity
(SSIM-supSubCls) based on Structural Similarity (SSIM). A deep generative model
data augmentation classification (GM-augCls) pipeline is also provided to
verify this metric correlates with the accuracy enhancement. We further
quantify the relationship between them, discovering that the accuracy
improvement decays exponentially with respect to SSIM-supSubCls values.
Improving the performance on an imbalanced training set is one of the main
challenges in nowadays Machine Learning. One way to augment and thus re-balance
the image dataset is through existing deep generative models, like
class-conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN) or Diffusion Models by
synthesizing images on each of the tail-class. Our experiments on imbalanced
image dataset classification show that, the validation accuracy improvement
with such re-balancing method is related to the image similarity between
different classes. Thus, to quantify this image dataset class similarity, we
propose a measurement called Super-Sub Class Structural Similarity
(SSIM-supSubCls) based on Structural Similarity (SSIM). A deep generative model
data augmentation classification (GM-augCls) pipeline is also provided to
verify this metric correlates with the accuracy enhancement. We further
quantify the relationship between them, discovering that the accuracy
improvement decays exponentially with respect to SSIM-supSubCls values.
Structural Similarity: When to Use Deep Generative Models on Imbalanced Image Dataset Augmentation
http://arxiv.org/abs/2303.04854v1