TITLE: DICES Dataset: Diversity in Conversational AI Evaluation for Safety 

ABSTRACT: Machine learning approaches often require training and evaluation datasets
with a clear separation between positive and negative examples. This risks
simplifying and even obscuring the inherent subjectivity present in many tasks.
Preserving such variance in content and diversity in datasets is often
expensive and laborious. This is especially troubling when building safety
datasets for conversational AI systems, as safety is both socially and
culturally situated. To demonstrate this crucial aspect of conversational AI
safety, and to facilitate in-depth model performance analyses, we introduce the
DICES (Diversity In Conversational AI Evaluation for Safety) dataset that
contains fine-grained demographic information about raters, high replication of
ratings per item to ensure statistical power for analyses, and encodes rater
votes as distributions across different demographics to allow for in-depth
explorations of different aggregation strategies. In short, the DICES dataset
enables the observation and measurement of variance, ambiguity, and diversity
in the context of conversational AI safety. We also illustrate how the dataset
offers a basis for establishing metrics to show how raters' ratings can
intersects with demographic categories such as racial/ethnic groups, age
groups, and genders. The goal of DICES is to be used as a shared resource and
benchmark that respects diverse perspectives during safety evaluation of
conversational AI systems.
Machine learning approaches often require training and evaluation datasets
with a clear separation between positive and negative examples. This risks
simplifying and even obscuring the inherent subjectivity present in many tasks.
Preserving such variance in content and diversity in datasets is often
expensive and laborious. This is especially troubling when building safety
datasets for conversational AI systems, as safety is both socially and
culturally situated. To demonstrate this crucial aspect of conversational AI
safety, and to facilitate in-depth model performance analyses, we introduce the
DICES (Diversity In Conversational AI Evaluation for Safety) dataset that
contains fine-grained demographic information about raters, high replication of
ratings per item to ensure statistical power for analyses, and encodes rater
votes as distributions across different demographics to allow for in-depth
explorations of different aggregation strategies. In short, the DICES dataset
enables the observation and measurement of variance, ambiguity, and diversity
in the context of conversational AI safety. We also illustrate how the dataset
offers a basis for establishing metrics to show how raters' ratings can
intersects with demographic categories such as racial/ethnic groups, age
groups, and genders. The goal of DICES is to be used as a shared resource and
benchmark that respects diverse perspectives during safety evaluation of
conversational AI systems.
DICES Dataset: Diversity in Conversational AI Evaluation for Safety
http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.11247v1