SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Integrated Public Alert and Warning System Modernization Act of 2015''. SEC. 2. INTEGRATED PUBLIC ALERT AND WARNING SYSTEM MODERNIZATION. (a) Integrated Public Alert and Warning System Modernization.-- (1) In general.--To provide timely and effective disaster warnings under this section, the President, acting through the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, shall, except as provided in paragraph (4)-- (A) modernize the integrated public alert and warning system of the United States (in this section referred to as the ``public alert and warning system'') to ensure that the President under all conditions is able to alert and warn governmental authorities and the civilian population in areas endangered by disasters; and (B) implement the public alert and warning system. (2) Implementation requirements.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the Administrator shall, consistent with the recommendations in the final report of the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System Advisory Committee (established under subsection (b))-- (A) establish or adopt, as appropriate, common alerting and warning protocols, standards, terminology, and operating procedures for the public alert and warning system; (B) include in the public alert and warning system the capability to adapt the distribution and content of communications on the basis of geographic location, risks, or personal user preferences, as appropriate; (C) include in the public alert and warning system the capability to alert, warn, and provide the equivalent amount of information to individuals with disabilities and individuals with access and functional needs; (D) ensure that training, tests, and exercises are conducted for the public alert and warning system and that the system is incorporated into other training and exercise programs of the Department of Homeland Security, as appropriate; (E) establish and integrate into the National Incident Management System a comprehensive and periodic training program to instruct and educate Federal, State, tribal, and local government officials in the use of the Common Alerting Protocol enabled Emergency Alert System; and (F) ensure that the public alert and warning system is resilient, secure, and can withstand acts of terrorism and other external attacks. (3) System requirements.--Consistent with paragraph (1), the public alert and warning system shall-- (A) incorporate multiple communications technologies; (B) be designed to adapt to, and incorporate, future technologies for communicating directly with the public; (C) to the extent technically feasible, be designed to provide alerts to the largest portion of the affected population, including nonresident visitors and tourists and individuals with disabilities and access and functional needs, and improve the ability of remote areas to receive alerts; (D) promote local and regional public and private partnerships to enhance community preparedness and response; (E) provide redundant alert mechanisms if practicable so as to reach the greatest number of people regardless of whether they have access to, or utilize, any specific medium of communication or any particular device; and (F) include a mechanism to ensure the protection of individual privacy. (4) Limitation on authority.--Nothing in this subsection authorizes or requires the Federal Emergency Management Agency or any other government entity to require any action on the part of the Federal Communications Commission, the Department of Commerce, the Office of Emergency Communications, or any nongovernmental entity, nor impact any existing obligations of such entities. (5) Implementation plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of submission of the report of the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System Advisory Committee, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a detailed plan to implement the public alert and warning system. The plan shall include a timeline for implementation, a spending plan, and recommendations for any additional authority that may be necessary to fully implement this subsection. (6) Funding.--There is authorized to be appropriated $12,824,000 of the amount made available pursuant to section 699 of the Post Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-295; 6 U.S.C. 811) for each of fiscal years 2016, 2017, and 2018 to carry out the provisions of this section. (b) Integrated Public Alert and Warning System Advisory Committee.-- (1) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall establish an advisory committee to be known as the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System Advisory Committee (in this subsection referred to as the ``Advisory Committee''). (2) Membership.--The Advisory Committee shall be composed of the following members (or their designees) to be appointed by the Administrator as soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this Act: (A) The Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission. (B) The Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the Department of Commerce. (C) The Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information of the Department of Commerce. (D) The Director of the Office of Disability Integration and Coordination of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. (E) Representatives of State and local governments, representatives of emergency management agencies, and representatives of emergency response providers, selected from among individuals nominated by national organizations representing governments and personnel. (F) Representatives from federally recognized Indian tribes and national Indian organizations. (G) Individuals who have the requisite technical knowledge and expertise to serve on the Advisory Committee, including representatives of-- (i) communications service providers; (ii) vendors, developers, and manufacturers of systems, facilities, equipment, and capabilities for the provision of communications services; (iii) third-party service bureaus; (iv) the broadcasting industry, including commercial and noncommercial radio and television stations; (v) the commercial mobile radio service industry; (vi) the cable industry; (vii) the satellite industry; and (viii) national organizations representing individuals with disabilities and access and functional needs and national organizations representing the elderly. (H) Qualified representatives of such other stakeholders and interested and affected parties as the Administrator considers appropriate. (3) Chairperson.--The Administrator shall serve as the Chairperson of the Advisory Committee. (4) Meetings.-- (A) Initial meeting.--The initial meeting of the Advisory Committee shall take place not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act. (B) Other meetings.--After the initial meeting, the Advisory Committee shall meet, at least annually, at the call of the Chairperson. (C) Notice; open meetings.--Meetings held by the Advisory Committee shall be duly noticed at least 14 days in advance and shall be open to the public. (D) Interested persons.--Interested persons shall be permitted to attend, appear before, or file statements with the Advisory Committee, in accordance with subsection (c) of section 552b of title 5, United States Code. (E) Meeting minutes.--The Advisory Committee shall keep detailed minutes of each meeting, which shall contain a record of the persons present, a complete and accurate description of matters discussed and conclusions reached, and copies of all reports received, issued, or approved by the Advisory Committee. (F) Availability of information.--The records, reports, transcripts, minutes, appendixes, working papers, drafts, studies, agenda, or other documents which were made available to or prepared for or by the Advisory Committee shall be available for public inspection and copying, subject to section 552 of title 5, United States Code, at a single location in the office of the Federal Emergency Management Agency until the Advisory Committee ceases to exist. (5) Rules.-- (A) Quorum.--One-third of the members of the Advisory Committee shall constitute a quorum for conducting business of the Advisory Committee. (B) Subcommittees.--To assist the Advisory Committee in carrying out its functions, the Chairperson may establish appropriate subcommittees composed of members of the Advisory Committee and other subject matter experts as the Chairperson considers necessary. (C) Additional rules.--The Advisory Committee may adopt such other rules as are necessary to carry out its duties. (6) Consultation with nonmembers.--The Advisory Committee and the program offices for the integrated public alert and warning system for the United States shall regularly meet with groups that are not represented on the Advisory Committee to consider new and developing technologies that may be beneficial to the public alert and warning system. Such groups may include-- (A) the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; (B) entities engaged in federally funded research; and (C) academic institutions engaged in relevant work and research. (7) Recommendations.--The Advisory Committee shall develop recommendations for an integrated public alert and warning system, including-- (A) recommendations for common alerting and warning protocols, standards, terminology, and operating procedures for the public alert and warning system; and (B) recommendations to provide for a public alert and warning system that-- (i) has the capability to adapt the distribution and content of communications on the basis of geographic location, risks, or personal user preferences, as appropriate; (ii) has the capability to alert and warn individuals with disabilities and individuals with limited English proficiency; (iii) incorporates multiple communications technologies; (iv) is designed to adapt to, and incorporate, future technologies for communicating directly with the public; (v) is designed to provide alerts to the largest portion of the affected population feasible, including nonresident visitors and tourists, and improve the ability of remote areas to receive alerts; (vi) promotes local and regional public and private partnerships to enhance community preparedness and response; (vii) provides redundant alert mechanisms if practicable in order to reach the greatest number of people regardless of whether they have access to, or utilize, any specific medium of communication or any particular device; and (viii) promotes the participation of representatives from traditionally underserved and underrepresented communities, to ensure that alerts and warnings reach such populations. (8) Initial and annual report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Administrator, the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate a report containing the recommendations of the Advisory Committee. (9) Federal advisory committee act.--Neither the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) nor any rule, order, or regulation issued under that Act shall apply to the Advisory Committee. (10) Termination.--The Advisory Committee shall terminate not later than 6 years after the date of enactment of this Act. (c) Limitation on Statutory Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to provide the Federal Emergency Management Agency with regulatory authority with respect to any nongovernment entity.

Summary: . Integrated Public Alert and Warning System Modernization Act of 2015 This bill directs the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to modernize and implement the integrated public alert and warning system of the United States to ensure that the President is able, under all conditions, to alert governmental authorities and the civilian population in areas endangered by disasters, including by: establishing common alerting and warning protocols, standards, terminology, and operating procedures for such system; including in such system the capability to adapt the distribution and content of communications on the basis of geographic location, risks, or personal user preferences and to alert individuals with disabilities and individuals with access and functional needs; ensuring that training, tests, and exercises are conducted for such system; establishing and integrating into the National Incident Management System a comprehensive and periodic training program to instruct and educate federal, state, tribal, and local government officials in the use of the Common Alerting Protocol enabled Emergency Alert System; and ensuring that the system is resilient, secure, and can withstand acts of terrorism and other external attacks. The system shall: incorporate multiple communications technologies, be designed to incorporate future technologies for communicating directly with the public to provide alerts to the largest portion of the affected population feasible and to improve the ability of remote areas to receive alerts, promote local and regional partnerships to enhance community preparedness and response, provide redundant alert mechanisms, and protect individual privacy. FEMA must: (1) submit a detailed plan to implement the system, including a time line, a spending plan, and recommendations for any additional authority necessary; and (2) establish the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System Advisory Committee to develop recommendations for the system.


SECTION 1. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES. (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following: (1) Extension services such as the Manufacturing Extension Partnership and the Agricultural Extension Service have proven to be effective public-private partnerships to integrate new technologies and to improve utilization of existing technologies by small to medium sized manufacturers and the United States agricultural community. (2) Undergraduate institutions of higher education working with nonprofit organizations and State and Federal agencies can tailor educational technology extension programs to meet specific local and regional requirements. (3) Undergraduate institutions of higher education, often with the assistance of the National Science Foundation, have during the past 20 years been integrating educational technologies into their curriculums, and as such can draw upon their own experiences to advise elementary and secondary school educators on ways to integrate a variety of educational technologies into the educational process. (4) Many elementary and secondary school systems, particularly in rural and traditionally underserved areas, lack general information on the most effective methods to integrate their existing technology infrastructure, as well as new educational technology, into the educational process and curriculum. (5) Most Federal and State educational technology programs have focused on acquiring educational technologies with less emphasis on the utilization of those technologies in the classroom and the training and infrastructural requirements needed to efficiently support those types of technologies. As a result, in many instances, the full potential of educational technology has not been realized. (6) Our global economy is increasingly reliant on a workforce not only comfortable with technology, but also able to integrate rapid technological changes into the production process. As such, in order to remain competitive in a global economy, it is imperative that we maintain a work-ready labor force. (7) According to ``Teacher Quality: A Report on the Preparation and Qualifications of Public School Teachers'', prepared by the Department of Education, only 1 in 5 teachers felt well prepared to work in a modern classroom. (8) The most common form of professional development for teachers continues to be workshops that typically last no more than 1 day and have little relevance to teachers' work in the classroom. (9) A 1998 national survey completed by the Department of Education found that only 19 percent of teachers had been formally mentored by another teacher, and that 70 percent of these teachers felt that this collaboration was very helpful to their teaching. (b) Purpose.--The purpose of this Act is to improve the utilization of educational technologies in elementary and secondary education by creating an educational technology extension service based at intermediate school districts, regional education service agencies, or undergraduate institutions of higher education. SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. In this Act: (1) The term ``Director'' means the Director of the National Science Foundation. (2) The term ``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given that term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001). SEC. 3. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION EXTENSION ASSISTANCE. (a) Program Authorized.-- (1) General authority--The Director, in cooperation with the Secretary of Education and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, is authorized to provide assistance for the creation and support of regional centers for the utilization of educational technologies (hereinafter in this Act referred to as ``ETU Centers''). (2) Functions of centers-- (A) Establishment.--ETU Centers may be established at any intermediate school district, regional education service agency, institution of higher education, or consortium of such entities, but such Centers may include the participation of nonprofit entities. (B) Objectives of centers.--The objective of ETU Centers is to enhance the utilization of educational technologies in elementary and secondary education through-- (i) advising elementary and secondary school administrators, school boards, and teachers on the adoption and utilization of new educational technologies and the utility of local schools' existing educational technology assets and infrastructure; (ii) participation of individuals from the private sector, universities, State and local governments, and other Federal agencies; (iii) active dissemination of technical and management information about the use of educational technologies; and (iv) utilization, if appropriate, of the expertise and capabilities that exist in Federal laboratories and Federal agencies. (C) Activities of centers.--The activities of ETU Centers shall include the following: (i) The active transfer and dissemination of research findings and ETU Center expertise to local school authorities, including school administrators, school boards, and teachers. (ii) The training of teachers in the integration of local schools' existing educational technology infrastructure into their instructional design. (iii) The training and advising of teachers, administrators, and school board members in the acquisition, utilization, and support of educational technologies. (iv) Support services to teachers, administrators, and school board members as agreed upon by ETU Center representatives and local school authorities. (v) The advising of teachers, administrators, and school board members on current skill set standards employed by private industry. (3) Program administration.-- (A) Proposed rules.--The Director, after consultation with the Secretary of Education and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall publish in the Federal Register, not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, proposed rules for the program for establishing ETU Centers, including-- (i) a description of the program; (ii) the procedures to be followed by applicants; (iii) the criteria for determining qualified applicants; and (iv) the criteria, including those listed in this section, for choosing recipients of financial assistance under this Act from among qualified applicants. (B) Final rules.--The Director shall publish final rules for the program under this Act after the expiration of a 30-day comment period on such proposed rules. (4) Eligibility and selection.-- (A) Applications required.--Any intermediate school district, regional education service agency, undergraduate institution of higher education, or consortium of any of those entities may submit an application for financial support under this Act in accordance with the procedures established under this Act. In order to receive assistance under this Act, an applicant shall provide adequate assurances that the applicant will contribute 50 percent or more of the proposed ETU Center's capital and annual operating and maintenance costs. (B) Selection.--The Director, in conjunction with the Secretary of Education and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, shall subject each application to competitive, merit-based review. In making a decision whether to approve such application and provide financial support under this Act, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall consider, at a minimum-- (i) the merits of the application, particularly those portions of the application regarding the adaptation of training and educational technologies to the needs of particular regions; (ii) the quality of service to be provided; (iii) the geographical diversity and extent of service area, with particular emphasis on rural and traditionally underdeveloped areas; and (iv) the percentage of funding and amount of in-kind commitment from other sources. (C) Evaluation.--Each ETU Center that receives financial assistance under this Act shall be evaluated during its third year of operation by an evaluation panel appointed by the Director. Each evaluation panel shall measure the involved ETU Center's performance against the objectives specified in this Act. Funding for an ETU Center shall not be renewed unless the evaluation is positive. (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the National Science Foundation to carry out this Act $7,000,000 for fiscal year 2002, $8,500,000 for fiscal year 2003, and $9,500,000 for fiscal year 2004.

Summary: Authorizes the Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF), in cooperation with the Secretary of Education and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to provide assistance for the creation and support of regional centers for the utilization of educational technologies (ETU Centers). Allows ETU Centers to be established at any intermediate school district, regional education service agency, institution of higher education, or consortium of such entities, and to include the participation of non-profit entities.Requires ETU Centers to enhance the use of educational technologies in elementary and secondary education through: (1) advice to school administrators, school boards, and teachers on adopting and using new educational technologies and the usefulness of local schools' existing educational technology assets and infrastructure; (2) participation of individuals from the private sector, universities, State and local governments, and other Federal agencies; (3) active dissemination of technical and management information about the use of educational technologies; and (4) appropriate use of the expertise and capabilities that exist in Federal laboratories and Federal agencies.Requires ETU Centers' activities to include: (1) active transfer and dissemination of research findings and ETU Center expertise to local school authorities; (2) training of teachers in integrating schools' existing educational technology infrastructure into their instructional design; (3) training and advising of teachers, administrators, and school board members in acquiring, using, and supporting educational technologies; (4) support services to teachers, administrators, and school board members; and (5) advising of teachers, administrators, and school board members on current skill set standards employed by private industry.


SECTION 1. DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM ON ACCESSION OF CANDIDATES WITH AUDITORY IMPAIRMENTS AS AIR FORCE OFFICERS. (a) Demonstration Program Required.--Beginning not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Air Force shall carry out a demonstration program to assess the feasibility and advisability of permitting individuals with auditory impairments (including deafness) to access as officers of the Air Force. (b) Candidates.-- (1) Number of candidates.--The total number of individuals with auditory impairments who may participate in the demonstration program shall be not fewer than 15 individuals or more than 20 individuals. (2) Mix and range of auditory impairments.--The individuals who participate in the demonstration program shall include individuals who are deaf and individuals who have a range of other auditory impairments. (3) Qualification for accession.--Any individual who is chosen to participate in the demonstration program shall meet all essential qualifications for accession as an officer in the Air Force, other than those related to having an auditory impairment. (c) Selection of Participants.-- (1) In general.--The Secretary of the Air Force shall-- (A) publicize the demonstration program nationally, including to individuals who have auditory impairments and would be otherwise qualified for officer training; (B) create a process whereby interested individuals can apply for the demonstration program; and (C) select the participants for the demonstration program, from among the pool of applicants, based on the criteria in subsection (b). (2) No prior service as air force officers.--Participants selected for the demonstration program shall be individuals who have not previously served as officers in the Air Force. (d) Basic Officer Training.-- (1) In general.--The participants in the demonstration program shall undergo, at the election of the Secretary of the Air Force, the Basic Officer Training course or the Commissioned Officer Training course at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. (2) Number of participants.--Once individuals begin participating in the demonstration program, each Basic Officer Training course or Commissioned Officer Training course at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, shall include not fewer than 4, or more than 6, participants in the demonstration program until all participants have completed such training. (3) Auxiliary aids and services.--The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that participants in the demonstration program have the necessary auxiliary aids and services (as that term is defined in section 4 of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12103)) in order to fully participate in the demonstration program. (e) Coordination.-- (1) Special advisor.--The Secretary of the Air Force shall designate a special advisor to the demonstration program to act as a resource for participants in the demonstration program, as well as a liaison between participants in the demonstration program and those providing the officer training. (2) Qualifications.--The special advisor shall be a member of the Armed Forces on active duty-- (A) who-- (i) if a commissioned officer, shall be in grade O-3 or higher; or (ii) if an enlisted member, shall be in grade E-5 or higher; and (B) who is knowledgeable about issues involving, and accommodations for, individuals with auditory impairments (including deafness). (3) Responsibilities.--The special advisor shall be responsible for facilitating the officer training for participants in the demonstration program, intervening and resolving issues and accommodations during the training, and such other duties as the Secretary of the Air Force may assign to facilitate the success of the demonstration program and participants. (f) Report.--Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Air Force shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the demonstration program. The report shall include the following: (1) A description of the demonstration program and the participants in the demonstration program. (2) The outcome of the demonstration program, including-- (A) the number of participants in the demonstration program that successfully completed the Basic Officer Training course or the Commissioned Officer Training course; (B) the number of participants in the demonstration program that were recommended for continued military service; (C) the issues that were encountered during the program; and (D) such recommendation for modifications to the demonstration program as the Secretary considers appropriate to increase further inclusion of individuals with auditory disabilities serving as officers in the Air Force or other Armed Forces. (3) Such recommendations for legislative or administrative action as the Secretary considers appropriate in light of the demonstration program. (g) Appropriate Committees of Congress Defined.--In this section, the term ``appropriate committees of Congress'' means-- (1) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

Summary: Requires the Secretary of the Air Force to carry out a demonstration program to assess the feasibility and advisability of permitting individuals with auditory impairments (including deafness) access as officers of the Air Force. Authorizes between 15 and 20 individuals who are deaf or have a range of other auditory impairments, who otherwise meet all essential qualifications for accession as an officer of the Air Force, and who have not previously served as officers to participate in such program. Requires selected participants to undergo the Basic Officer Training course or the Commissioned Officer Training course at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, at the election of the Secretary. Requires the Secretary to designate a special advisor to act as a resource for participants, as well as a liaison between participants and those providing the officer training.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014''. SEC. 2. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT. (a) Definitions.--Section 102(41) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(41)) is amended-- (1) in subparagraph (A)-- (A) in clause (xlix), by striking ``and'' at the end; (B) by redesignating clause (xlx) as clause (lxxv); and (C) by inserting after clause (xlix) the following: ``(l) 5a-Androstan-3,6,17-trione; ``(li) 6-bromo-androstan-3,17-dione; ``(lii) 6-bromo-androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione; ``(liii) 4-chloro-17a-methyl-androsta-1,4-diene-3,17b-diol; ``(liv) 4-chloro-17a-methyl-androst-4-ene-3b,17b-diol; ``(lv) 4-chloro-17a-methyl-17b-hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-one; ``(lvi) 4-chloro-17a-methyl-17b-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,11- dione; ``(lvii) 4-chloro-17a-methyl-androsta-1,4-diene-3,17b-diol; ``(lviii) 2a,17a-dimethyl-17b-hydroxy-5a-androstan-3-one; ``(lix) 2a,17a-dimethyl-17b-hydroxy-5b-androstan-3-one; ``(lx) 2a,3a-epithio-17a-methyl-5a-androstan-17b-ol; ``(lxi) [3,2-c]-furazan-5a-androstan-17b-ol; ``(lxii) 3b-hydroxy-estra-4,9,11-trien-17-one; ``(lxiii) 17a-methyl-androst-2-ene-3,17b-diol; ``(lxiv) 17a-methyl-androsta-1,4-diene-3,17b-diol; ``(lxv) Estra-4,9,11-triene-3,17-dione; ``(lxvi) 18a-Homo-3-hydroxy-estra-2,5(10)-dien-17-one; ``(lxvii) 6a-Methyl-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione; ``(lxviii) 17a-Methyl-androstan-3-hydroxyimine-17b-ol; ``(lxix) 17a-Methyl-5a-androstan-17b-ol; ``(lxx) 17b-Hydroxy-androstano[2,3-d]isoxazole; ``(lxxi) 17b-Hydroxy-androstano[3,2-c]isoxazole; ``(lxxii) 4-Hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione[3,2-c]pyrazole-5a- androstan-17b-ol; ``(lxxiii) [3,2-c]pyrazole-androst-4-en-17b-ol; ``(lxxiv) [3,2-c]pyrazole-5a-androstan-17b-ol; and''; and (2) by adding at the end the following: ``(C)(i) Subject to clause (ii), a drug or hormonal substance (other than estrogens, progestins, corticosteroids, and dehydroepiandrosterone) that is not listed in subparagraph (A) and is derived from, or has a chemical structure substantially similar to, 1 or more anabolic steroids listed in subparagraph (A) shall be considered to be an anabolic steroid for purposes of this Act if-- ``(I) the drug or substance has been created or manufactured with the intent of producing a drug or other substance that either-- ``(aa) promotes muscle growth; or ``(bb) otherwise causes a pharmacological effect similar to that of testosterone; or ``(II) the drug or substance has been, or is intended to be, marketed or otherwise promoted in any manner suggesting that consuming it will promote muscle growth or any other pharmacological effect similar to that of testosterone. ``(ii) A substance shall not be considered to be a drug or hormonal substance for purposes of this subparagraph if it-- ``(I) is-- ``(aa) an herb or other botanical; ``(bb) a concentrate, metabolite, or extract of, or a constituent isolated directly from, an herb or other botanical; or ``(cc) a combination of 2 or more substances described in item (aa) or (bb); ``(II) is a dietary ingredient for purposes of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.); and ``(III) is not anabolic or androgenic. ``(iii) In accordance with section 515(a), any person claiming the benefit of an exemption or exception under clause (ii) shall bear the burden of going forward with the evidence with respect to such exemption or exception.''. (b) Classification Authority.--Section 201 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 811) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(i) Temporary and Permanent Scheduling of Recently Emerged Anabolic Steroids.-- ``(1) The Attorney General may issue a temporary order adding a drug or other substance to the definition of anabolic steroids if the Attorney General finds that-- ``(A) the drug or other substance satisfies the criteria for being considered an anabolic steroid under section 102(41) but is not listed in that section or by regulation of the Attorney General as being an anabolic steroid; and ``(B) adding such drug or other substance to the definition of anabolic steroids will assist in preventing abuse or misuse of the drug or other substance. ``(2) An order issued under paragraph (1) shall not take effect until 30 days after the date of the publication by the Attorney General of a notice in the Federal Register of the intention to issue such order and the grounds upon which such order is to be issued. The order shall expire not later than 24 months after the date it becomes effective, except that the Attorney General may, during the pendency of proceedings under paragraph (6), extend the temporary scheduling order for up to 6 months. ``(3) The Attorney General shall transmit notice of an order proposed to be issued under paragraph (1) to the Secretary of Health and Human Services. In issuing an order under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall take into consideration any comments submitted by the Secretary in response to a notice transmitted pursuant to this paragraph. ``(4) A temporary scheduling order issued under paragraph (1) shall be vacated upon the issuance of a permanent scheduling order under paragraph (6). ``(5) An order issued under paragraph (1) is not subject to judicial review. ``(6) The Attorney General may, by rule, issue a permanent order adding a drug or other substance to the definition of anabolic steroids if such drug or other substance satisfies the criteria for being considered an anabolic steroid under section 102(41). Such rulemaking may be commenced simultaneously with the issuance of the temporary order issued under paragraph (1).''. SEC. 3. LABELING REQUIREMENTS. (a) In General.--Section 305 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 825) is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(e) False Labeling of Anabolic Steroids.-- ``(1) It shall be unlawful to import, export, manufacture, distribute, dispense, or possess with intent to manufacture, distribute, or dispense, an anabolic steroid or product containing an anabolic steroid, unless the steroid or product bears a label clearly identifying an anabolic steroid or product containing an anabolic steroid by the nomenclature used by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). ``(2)(A) A product described in subparagraph (B) is exempt from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nomenclature requirement of this subsection if such product is labeled in the manner required under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. ``(B) A product is described in this subparagraph if the product-- ``(i) is the subject of an approved application as described in section 505(b) or (j) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act; or ``(ii) is exempt from the provisions of section 505 of such Act relating to new drugs because-- ``(I) it is intended solely for investigational use as described in section 505(i) of such Act; and ``(II) such product is being used exclusively for purposes of a clinical trial that is the subject of an effective investigational new drug application.''. (b) Clarification to Import and Export Statute.--Section 1010 of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 960) is amended, in subsection (a)(1), by inserting ``305,'' before ``1002''. (c) Civil Penalties.--Section 402 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 842) is amended-- (1) in subsection (a)-- (A) in paragraph (14), by striking ``or'' at the end; (B) in paragraph (15), by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; or''; and (C) by inserting, after paragraph (15), the following: ``(16) to violate subsection (e) of section 825 of this title.''; and (2) in subsection (c)(1)-- (A) by inserting, in subparagraph (A), after ``subparagraph (B)'' the following: ``, (C), or (D)''; and (B) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following: ``(C) In the case of a violation of paragraph (16) of subsection (a) of this section by an importer, exporter, manufacturer, or distributor (other than as provided in subparagraph (D)), up to $500,000 per violation. For purposes of this subparagraph, a violation is defined as each instance of importation, exportation, manufacturing, distribution, or possession with intent to manufacture or distribute, in violation of paragraph (16) of subsection (a). ``(D) In the case of a distribution, dispensing, or possession with intent to distribute or dispense in violation of paragraph (16) of subsection (a) of this section at the retail level, up to $1000 per violation. For purposes of this paragraph, the term `at the retail level' refers to products sold, or held for sale, directly to the consumer for personal use. Each package, container or other separate unit containing an anabolic steroid that is distributed, dispensed, or possessed with intent to distribute or dispense at the retail level in violation of such paragraph (16) of subsection (a) shall be considered a separate violation.''. SEC. 4. IDENTIFICATION AND PUBLICATION OF LIST OF PRODUCTS CONTAINING ANABOLIC STEROIDS. (a) In General.--The Attorney General may, in the Attorney General's discretion, collect data and analyze products to determine whether they contain anabolic steroids and are properly labeled in accordance with this Act and the amendments made by this Act. The Attorney General may publish in the Federal Register or on the website of the Drug Enforcement Administration a list of products which the Attorney General has determined, based on substantial evidence, contain an anabolic steroid and are not labeled in accordance with this Act and the amendments made by this Act. (b) Absence From List.--The absence of a product from the list referred to in subsection (a) shall not constitute evidence that the product does not contain an anabolic steroid. Speaker of the House of Representatives. Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate.

Summary: (This measure has not been amended since it was passed by the House on September 15, 2014. Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014 - Amends the Controlled Substances Act to add specified substances to the list of those included within the definition of "anabolic steroid." Provides that a drug or hormonal substance (other than estrogens, progestins, corticosteroids, and dehydroepiandrosterone) that is not listed and that is derived from, or has a chemical structure substantially similar to, an anabolic steroid that is listed, shall be considered to be an anabolic steroid for purposes of such Act if it: (1) has been created or manufactured with the intent of producing a substance that either promotes muscle growth or otherwise causes a pharmacological effect similar to that of testosterone; or (2) has been, or is intended to be, promoted in any manner suggesting that consuming it will promote any pharmacological effect similar to that of testosterone. Prohibits a substance from being considered to be a drug or hormonal substance for purposes of such Act if it is: (1) an herb or other botanical, a concentrate, metabolite, or extract of, or a constituent isolated directly from, an herb or other botanical, or a combination of two or more such substances; or (2) a dietary ingredient for purposes of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and is not anabolic or androgenic. Requires any person claiming the benefit of such an exception to bear the burden of providing the appropriate evidence. Authorizes the Attorney General to issue an order adding a drug or other substance to the definition of "anabolic steroid" upon finding that: (1) the substance satisfies the criteria for being considered an anabolic steroid, and (2) such addition will assist in preventing abuse or misuse of the substance. Prohibits importing, exporting, manufacturing, distributing, dispensing, or possessing with intent to manufacture, distribute, or dispense any anabolic steroid, or any product containing an anabolic steroid, unless it bears a label clearly identifying the anabolic steroid by the nomenclature used by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Prescribes penalties. Sets forth an exemption from such IUPAC nomenclature requirement if such product is labeled in the manner required under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as described in this Act. Authorizes the Attorney General to: (1) collect data and analyze products to determine whether they contain anabolic steroids and are properly labeled, and (2) publish a list of products containing an anabolic steroid that are not properly labeled.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Protect Children from Video Game Sex and Violence Act of 2003''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds the following: (1) The video game industry has grown into a $10 billion market for game software publishing, wholesaling, and retailing. (2) The use and observation of video games that contain sexual or violent content can be harmful to minors and reasonable restrictions will significantly decrease the number of minors using these games. (3) On July 26, 2000, six of the Nation's most respected public health groups, including the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, found that viewing entertainment violence can lead to increases in aggressive attitudes, behaviors, and values, particularly in children. (4) The ratings and content descriptors of video and computer games issued by the entertainment industry reflect the notion that certain video and computer games are suitable only for adults due to graphic depictions of sex or violence. (5) In December 2001, a study by the Federal Trade Commission showed that retailers allowed 78 percent of unaccompanied minors, ages 13 to 16, to purchase games rated as ``Mature'' by the Entertainment Software Rating Board. (6) The sale of video games and computer games substantially affects interstate commerce because they are sold in interstate commerce on a nationwide basis. (7) The Nation has a compelling interest in preventing minors from purchasing video and computer games that are only suitable for adults due to graphic depictions of sex or violence. (8) There is a need to enact narrowly tailored legislation to restrict the sale and use of video games that contain sexual or violent content that is intended for adults only, and that such legislation not restrict adults' access to these games. SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON SALE OR RENTAL OF ADULT VIDEO GAMES TO MINORS. (a) In General.--Part 1 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new chapter: ``CHAPTER 124--PROHIBITION ON SALE OR RENTAL OF ADULT VIDEO GAMES TO MINORS ``Sec. 2731. Definitions ``As used in this chapter, the following definitions apply: ``(1) The term `graphic violence' means the visual depiction of serious injury to human beings, actual or virtual, including aggravated assault, decapitation, dismemberment, or death. ``(2) The term `content harmful to minors' means video game content that predominantly appeals to minors' morbid interest in violence or minors' prurient interest in sex, is patently offensive to prevailing standards in the adult community as a whole with respect to what is suitable material for minors, and lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value for minors, and contains-- ``(A) graphic violence; ``(B) sexual violence; or ``(C) strong sexual content. ``(3) The term `minor' means a person age 17 and younger. ``(4) The term `nudity' means the visual depiction, actual or virtual, of the human male or female genitals, pubic area or buttocks with less than a fully opaque covering, of a female breast with less than a fully opaque covering of any part of the nipple or of any portion of the breast below the nipple, or the depiction of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state. ``(5) The term `sexual conduct' means acts, actual or virtual, of masturbation, sexual intercourse, or physical contact with a person's clothed or unclothed genitals, pubic area, buttocks or, if such person be a female, a breast. ``(6) The term `strong sexual content' means the visual depiction, actual or virtual, of human nudity or explicit human sexual behavior, including acts of masturbation, deviate sexual conduct, sexual intercourse, or fondling of genitals. ``(7) The term `sexual violence' means the visual depiction, actual or virtual, of rape or other sexual assault. ``(8) The term `video game' means any copy of an electronic game that may be played using a portable electronic device or with a hand-held gaming device using a television or computer. ``Sec. 2732. Prohibition on sale or rental of adult video games to minors ``Whoever sells at retail or rents, or attempts to sell at retail or rent, to a minor any video game that depicts nudity, sexual conduct, or other content harmful to minors, shall be fined under this chapter. ``Sec. 2733. Penalties ``(a) First Violation.--Whoever knowingly violates section 2732 shall be fined not more than $1,000. ``(b) Second Violation.--Whoever knowingly violates section 2732, having previously been fined under subsection (a), shall be fined not less than $1,000 and not more than $5,000. ``(c) Subsequent Violations.--Whoever knowingly violates section 2732, having previously been fined under subsection (b), shall be fined not less than $5,000.''. (b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of chapters at the beginning of part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new item: ``124. Prohibition on sale or rental of adult video games to 2731''. minors.

Summary: Protect Children from Video Game Sex and Violence Act of 2003 - Amends the Federal criminal code to prohibit the sale or rental to a minor of a video game that depicts nudity, sexual conduct, or other content harmful to minors.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``HOPE VI Program Reauthorization and Small Community Mainstreet Rejuvenation and Housing Act of 2003''. SEC. 2. HOPE VI PROGRAM REAUTHORIZATION. (a) Selection Criteria.--Section 24(e)(2) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437v(e)(2)) is amended-- (1) by striking the matter preceding subparagraph (A) and inserting the following: ``(2) Selection criteria.--The Secretary shall establish criteria for the award of grants under this section and shall include among the factors--''; (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``large-scale''; (3) in subparagraph (D)-- (A) by inserting ``and ongoing implementation'' after ``development''; and (B) by inserting ``, except that the Secretary may not award a grant under this section unless the applicant has involved affected public housing residents at the beginning and during the planning process for the revitalization program, prior to submission of an application'' before the semicolon at the end; (4) in subparagraph (H), by striking ``and'' at the end; (5) by redesignating subparagraph (I) as subparagraph (M); and (6) by inserting after subparagraph (H) the following new subparagraphs: ``(I) the extent to which the applicant can commence and complete the revitalization plan expeditiously; ``(J) the extent to which the plan minimizes temporary or permanent displacement of current residents of the public housing site who wish to remain in or return to the revitalized community and provides for community and supportive services to residents prior to any relocation; ``(K) the extent to which the plan sustains or creates more project-based housing units available to persons eligible for public housing in markets where there is demand for the maintenance or creation of such units; ``(L) the extent to which the plan gives to existing residents priority for occupancy in dwelling units in the revitalized community; and''. (b) Definition of Severely Distressed Public Housing.--Section 24(j)(2)(A)(iii) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437v(j)(2)(A)(iii)) is amended-- (1) in subclause (I)-- (A) by inserting ``or very low-income elderly or non-elderly disabled persons'' before the first comma; and (B) by striking ``or'' at the end; (2) in subclause (II), by inserting ``or'' after the semicolon at the end; and (3) by inserting at the end the following new subclause: ``(III) is lacking in sufficient appropriate transportation, supportive services, economic opportunity, schools, civic and religious institutions, and public services, resulting in severe social distress in the project;''. (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--Paragraph (1) of section 24(m) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437v(m)(1)) is amended by inserting before the period at the end the following: ``and such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2004 and 2005''. (d) Extension of Program.--Section 24(n) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437v(n)) is amended by striking ``September 30, 2004'' and inserting ``September 30, 2005''. SEC. 3. HOPE VI GRANTS FOR ASSISTING AFFORDABLE HOUSING THROUGH MAIN STREET PROJECTS. (a) Purposes.--Section 24(a) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437v(a)) is amended by adding after and below paragraph (4) the following: ``It is also the purpose of this section to provide assistance to smaller communities for the purpose of facilitating the development of affordable housing for low-income families that is undertaken in connection with a main street revitalization or redevelopment project in such communities.''. (b) Grants for Assisting Affordable Housing Developed Through Main Street Projects in Smaller Communities.--Section 24 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437v) is amended-- (1) by redesignating subsection (n) as subsection (o); and (2) by inserting after subsection (m) the following new subsection: ``(n) Grants for Assisting Affordable Housing Developed Through Main Street Projects in Smaller Communities.-- ``(1) Authority and use of grant amounts.--The Secretary may make grants under this subsection to smaller communities. Such grant amounts shall be used by smaller communities only to provide assistance to carry out eligible affordable housing activities under paragraph (3) in connection with an eligible project under paragraph (2). ``(2) Eligible project.--For purposes of this subsection, the term `eligible project' means a project that-- ``(A) the Secretary determines, under the criteria established pursuant to paragraph (3), is a main street project; ``(B) is carried out within the jurisdiction of smaller community receiving the grant; and ``(C) involves the development of affordable housing that is located in the commercial area that is the subject of the project. ``(3) Main street projects.--The Secretary shall establish requirements for a project to be consider a main street project for purposes of this section, which shall require that the project-- ``(A) has as its purpose the revitalization or redevelopment of a historic or traditional commercial area; ``(B) involves investment, or other participation, by the government for, and private entities in, the community in which the project is carried out; and ``(C) complies with such historic preservation guidelines or principles as the Secretary shall identify to preserve significant historic or traditional architectural and design features in the structures or area involved in the project. ``(4) Eligible affordable housing activities.--For purposes of this subsection, the activities described in subsection (d)(1) shall be considered eligible affordable housing activities, except that-- ``(A) such activities shall be conducted with respect to affordable housing rather than with respect to severely distressed public housing projects; and ``(B) eligible affordable housing activities under this subsection shall not include the activities described in subparagraphs (B) through (F) or (J) through (L) of subsection (d)(1). ``(5) Maximum grant amount.--A grant under this subsection for a fiscal year for a single smaller community may not exceed $1,000,000. ``(6) Contribution requirement.--A smaller community applying for a grant under this subsection shall be considered an applicant for purposes of subsection (c) (relating to contributions by applicants), except that-- ``(A) such supplemental amounts shall be used only for carrying out eligible affordable housing activities; and ``(B) paragraphs (1)(B) and (3) shall not apply to grants under this subsection. ``(7) Applications and selection.-- ``(A) Application.--Pursuant to subsection (e)(1), the Secretary shall provide for smaller communities to apply for grants under this subsection, except that the Secretary may establish such separate or additional criteria for applications for such grants as may be appropriate to carry out this subsection. ``(B) Selection criteria.--The Secretary shall establish selection criteria for the award of grants under this subsection, which shall be based on the selection criteria established pursuant to subsection (e)(2), with such changes as may be appropriate to carry out the purposes of this subsection. ``(8) Cost limits.--The cost limits established pursuant to subsection (f) shall apply to eligible affordable housing activities assisted with grant amounts under this subsection. ``(9) Inapplicability of other provisions.--The provisions of subsections (g) (relating to disposition and replacement of severely distressed public housing), (h) (relating to administration of grants by other entities), and (i) (relating to withdrawal of funding) shall not apply to grants under this subsection. ``(10) Reporting.--The Secretary shall require each smaller community receiving a grant under this subsection to submit a report regarding the use of all amounts provided under the grant. ``(11) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection, the following definitions shall apply: ``(A) Affordable housing.--The term `affordable housing' means rental or homeownership dwelling units that-- ``(i) are made available for initial occupancy subject to the same rules regarding level of income and income mix as dwelling units in public housing projects assisted with a grant under this section; and ``(ii) are subject to the same rules regarding occupant contribution toward rent or purchase and terms of rental or purchase as dwelling units in public housing projects assisted with a grant under this section. ``(B) Smaller community.--The term `smaller community' means a unit of general local government (as such term is defined in section 102 of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5302)) that-- ``(i) has a population of 30,000 or fewer; and ``(ii)(I) is not served by a public housing agency; or ``(II) is served by a single public housing agency, which agency administers 100 or fewer public housing dwelling units.''. (c) Annual Report.--Section 24(l) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437v(l)) is amended-- (1) in paragraph (3), by striking ``; and'' and inserting ``, including a specification of the amount and type of assistance provided under subsection (n);''; (2) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (5); and (3) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following new paragraph: ``(4) the types of projects funded, and number of affordable housing dwelling units developed with, grants under subsection (n); and''. (d) Funding.--Section 24(m) of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437v(m)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: ``(3) Set-aside for main street housing grants.--Of the amount appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1) for any fiscal year, the Secretary shall provide up to 5 percent for use only for grants under subsection (n).''.

Summary: HOPE VI Program Reauthorization and Small Community Mainstreet Rejuvenation and Housing Act of 2003 - (Sec. 2) Amends the United States Housing Act of 1937 to revise criteria for HOPE VI (urban revitalization demonstration program) grants, including addition of criteria regarding tenant displacement, existing tenant occupancy priority, and timeliness of project completion.Revises the definition of "severely distressed public housing" to include: (1) buildings or projects that include very low-income elderly or nonelderly disabled persons; and (2) areas lacking sufficient affordable housing, transportation, supportive services, economic opportunity, schools, civic and religious institutions, and public services.Authorizes FY 2004 and 2005 appropriations. Extends program authority through September 30, 2005.(Sec. 3) Includes within the program's purposes assisting smaller communities to provide affordable low-income housing in connection with main street revitalization or redevelopment projects.Authorizes main street grants (maximum $1 million per year) to smaller communities for affordable low-income housing in a commercial area in connection with an eligible project.Requires that a project be focused on: (1) joint public-private revitalization or redevelopment of a historic or traditional commercial area; and (2) affordable housing rather than severely distressed public housing.Defines "smaller community" as a local government unit that: (1) has a population of under 30,000, and is without a public housing agency; or (2) has a public housing agency that administers 100 or fewer public housing dwelling units.Defines "affordable housing" as rental or homeownership units that are made available for initial occupancy subject to the same income and occupant contribution rules as dwelling units in public housing projects assisted with HOPE VI grants.Obligates up to five percent of HOPE VI appropriations for smaller community grants.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; FINDINGS. (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Theodore Roosevelt Commemorative Coin Act''. (b) Findings.--The Congress makes the following findings: (1) Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th President of the United States, inspired and led the people of the United States toward the goal of natural resource conservation. (2) The protection and conservation of the Nation's natural heritage requires the acquisition by the United States of habitat and rights to the use of habitat. (3) Allowing those persons who benefit from and support conservation efforts to participate in the funding of those efforts is desirable and achievable through the sale of collectors' commemorative coins. SEC. 2. COIN SPECIFICATIONS. (a) Denominations.--The Secretary of the Treasury (hereafter in this Act referred to as the ``Secretary) shall mint and issue the following coins: (1) $5 gold coins.--5 dollar coins, which shall-- (A) weigh 8.359 grams; (B) have a diameter of 0.850 inches; and (C) contain 90 percent gold and 10 percent alloy. (2) $1 silver coins.--1 dollar coins, which shall-- (A) weigh 26.73 grams; (B) have a diameter of 1.500 inches; and (C) contain 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper. (3) Half dollar clad coins.--Half dollar coins which shall-- (A) weigh 11.34 grams; (B) have a diameter of 1.205 inches; and (C) be minted to the specifications for half dollar coins contained in section 5112(b) of title 31, United States Code. (b) Amounts of coins.-- (1) Gold coins.--The Secretary shall issue coins under subsection (a)(1) with the dates and in the amounts as follows: Year Amount 1997........................... Not more than 500,000. 1998........................... Not more than 500,000. (2) Silver coins.--The Secretary shall issue coins under subsection (a)(2) with the dates and in the amounts as follows: Year Amount 1997........................... Not more than 1,000,000. 1998........................... Not more than 1,000,000. (3) Clad coins.--The Secretary shall issue coins under subsection (a)(3) with the dates and in the amounts as follows: Year Amount 1997........................... Not more than 1,000,000. 1998........................... Not more than 1,250,000. (c) Legal Tender.--The coins minted under this Act shall be legal tender, as provided in section 5103 of title 31, United States Code. (d) Numismatic Items.--For purposes of section 5134 of title 31, United States Code, all coins minted under this Act shall be considered to be numismatic items. SEC. 3. SOURCES OF BULLION. (a) Gold.--The Secretary shall obtain gold for minting coins under this Act pursuant to the authority of the Secretary under other provisions of law. (b) Silver.--The Secretary shall obtain silver for minting coins under this Act only from stockpiles established under the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act. SEC. 4. DESIGN OF COINS. (a) Design Requirements.-- (1) Obverse.--The obverse side of the coins minted under this Act shall bear the likeness of Theodore Roosevelt. (2) Reverse.--The reverse side of the coin shall be emblematic of the Nation's natural resources. (3) Designation and inscriptions.--On each coin minted under this Act there shall be-- (A) a designation of the value of the coin; (B) an inscription of the date of the coin as specified in section 2(b); and (C) inscriptions of the words ``Liberty'', ``In God We Trust'', ``United States of America'', and ``E Pluribus Unum''. (b) Selection.--The design for the coins minted under this Act shall be-- (1) selected by the Secretary after consultation with the Commission of Fine Arts; and (2) reviewed by the Citizens Commemorative Coin Advisory Committee. SEC. 5. ISSUANCE OF COINS. (a) Quality of Coins.--Coins minted under this Act shall be issued in uncirculated and proof qualities. (b) Mint Facility.--Only 1 facility of the United States Mint may be used to strike any particular combination of denomination and quality of the coins minted under this Act. (c) Commencement of Issuance.--The Secretary may issue coins minted under this Act beginning January 1, 1997. (d) Termination of Minting Authority.--No coins may be minted under this Act after December 31, 1998. SEC. 6. SALE OF COINS. (a) Sale Price.--The coins issued under this Act shall be sold by the Secretary at a price equal to the sum of-- (1) the face value of the coins; (2) the surcharge provided in subsection (d) with respect to such coins; and (3) the cost of designing and issuing the coins (including labor, materials, dies, use of machinery, overhead expenses, marketing, and shipping). (b) Bulk Sales.--The Secretary shall make bulk sales of the coins issued under this Act at a reasonable discount. (c) Prepaid Orders.-- (1) In general.--The Secretary shall accept prepaid orders for the coins minted under this Act before the issuance of such coins. (2) Discount.--Sale prices with respect to prepaid orders under paragraph (1) shall be at a reasonable discount. (d) Surcharges.--All sales shall include a surcharge of-- (1) $35 per coin for the $5 coin; (2) $7 per coin for the $1 coin; and (3) $2 per coin for the half dollar coin. SEC. 7. GENERAL WAIVER OF PROCUREMENT REGULATIONS. (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), no provision of law governing procurement or public contracts shall be applicable to the procurement of goods and services necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Act. (b) Equal Employment Opportunity.--Subsection (a) shall not relieve any person entering into a contract under the authority of this Act from complying with any law relating to equal employment opportunity. SEC. 8. DISTRIBUTION OF SURCHARGES. (a) Administration of Endangered Species Act of 1973.--All surcharges received by the Secretary from the sale of coins issued under this Act shall, to the extent and in amounts provided in advance in appropriation Acts, be promptly made available by the Secretary to the Secretary of the Interior for use by such Secretary in connection with the administration of the Endangered Species Act of 1973. (b) Excess Amounts.--If, after the sale of all coins minted under this Act, the amount of surcharges received by the Secretary from the sale of coins issued under this Act exceeds the amount of such surcharges which have been appropriated to the Secretary of the Interior in accordance with subsection (a), such excess amount shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury. SEC. 9. FINANCIAL ASSURANCES. (a) No Net Cost to the Government.--The Secretary shall take such actions as may be necessary to ensure that minting and issuing coins under this Act will not result in any net cost to the United States Government. (b) Payment for Coins.--A coin shall not be issued under this Act unless the Secretary has received-- (1) full payment for the coin; (2) security satisfactory to the Secretary to indemnify the United States for full payment; or (3) a guarantee of full payment satisfactory to the Secretary from a depository institution whose deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the National Credit Union Administration Board.

Summary: Theodore Roosevelt Commemorative Coin Act - Directs the Secretary of the Treasury to issue five-dollar gold coins, one-dollar silver coins, and half-dollar coins whose obverse side shall bear the likeness of Theodore Roosevelt, and whose reverse side shall be emblematic of the Nation's natural resources. Mandates that surcharges received from coin sales be made available to the Secretary of the Interior in connection with the administration of the Endangered Species Act of 1973.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Iran Refined Petroleum Sanctions Act''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS; SENSE OF CONGRESS. (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following: (1) The illicit nuclear activities of the Government of Iran represent a serious threat to the security of the United States and our allies in Europe, the Middle East, and around the world. (2) The United States and the international community have a vital interest in working together to prevent the Government of Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapons capability. (3) The international community, acting through the International Atomic Energy Agency and the United Nations, has already adopted a range of sanctions designed to encourage the Government of Iran to cease its unlawful nuclear activities and comply with its obligations under the Treaty on Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (commonly known as the ``Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty''). (4) As a presidential candidate, then-Senator Obama stated that additional sanctions, especially those targeting Iran's dependence on imported refined petroleum, may help to persuade the Government of Iran to abandon its illicit nuclear activities. (5) On October 7, 2008, then-Senator Obama stated, ``Iran right now imports gasoline, even though it's an oil producer, because its oil infrastructure has broken down. If we can prevent them from importing the gasoline that they need and the refined petroleum products, that starts changing their cost- benefit analysis. That starts putting the squeeze on them.''. (6) On June 4, 2008, then-Senator Obama stated, ``We should work with Europe, Japan, and the Gulf states to find every avenue outside the UN to isolate the Iranian regime--from cutting off loan guarantees and expanding financial sanctions, to banning the export of refined petroleum to Iran.''. (7) Our allies in the international community have expressed support for additional sanctions should the Government of Iran fail to verifiably suspend its illicit nuclear activities. (8) On March 17, 2009, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown stated, ``[L]et me be equally clear that Iran's current nuclear program is unacceptable. Iran has concealed nuclear activities, refused to cooperate with the IAEA, and flouted UN Security Council Resolutions. Its refusal to play by the rules leads us to view its nuclear program as a critical proliferation threat. Iran therefore faces a clear choice--continue in this way and face further and tougher sanctions, or change to a UN overseen civil nuclear energy program that will bring the greatest benefits to its citizens.''. (9) On February 7, 2009, British Foreign Secretary David Miliband stated, ``We welcome US willingness to talk to Iran. But if Iran doesn't respond we will need to be ready to impose much tougher sanctions, even if that imposes costs on us here in Europe. In this instance, nuclear security must come above commercial interests.''. (10) On February 7, 2009, German Chancellor Angela Merkel stated, ``Let me be quite clear. We have offered to enter into negotiations with Iran and we want a diplomatic solution. These offers are on the table. . . . We're prepared to travel along this road together, but we are also prepared to consider tougher sanctions should there be no progress. It's imperative that we prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons.''. (11) On June 23, 2008, French President Nicolas Sarkozy stated, ``So that things are clear and there is no ambiguity, I want to say that Iran's military nuclear program demands an extremely firm response by the entire international community. . . . France is determined to pursue with her partners a policy of increasingly tough sanctions until there is a shift in position.''. (12) The serious and urgent nature of the threat from Iran demands that the United States work together with our allies to do everything possible--diplomatically, politically, and economically--to prevent Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapons capability. (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that-- (1) the United States should continue to support diplomatic efforts in the International Atomic Energy Agency and the United Nations Security Council to end Iran's illicit nuclear activities; (2) diplomatic efforts with Iran are more likely to be effective if the President is empowered with the explicit authority to impose additional sanctions on the Government of Iran; (3) it should be the policy of the United States to encourage foreign governments to direct state-owned entities to cease all investment in, and support of, Iran's energy sector and all exports of refined petroleum products to Iran; (4) it should be the policy of the United States to encourage foreign governments to require private entities based in their territories to cease all investment in, and support of, Iran's energy sector and all exports of refined petroleum products to Iran; (5) the President is urged to impose sanctions on the Central Bank of Iran and any other Iranian bank or financial institution engaged in proliferation activities or support of terrorist groups; (6) the Department of the Treasury should continue to work with our allies to take appropriate measures to protect the international financial system from deceptive and illicit practices by Iranian banks and financial institutions involved in proliferation activities or support of terrorist groups; (7) the concerns of the United States regarding Iran are strictly the result of the actions of the Government of Iran; and (8) the people of the United States-- (A) have feelings of friendship for the people of Iran; (B) regret that developments in recent decades have created impediments to that friendship; and (C) hold the people of Iran, their culture, and their ancient and rich history in the highest esteem. SEC. 3. AMENDMENTS TO THE IRAN SANCTIONS ACT OF 1996. (a) Expansion of Sanctions.--Section 5(a) of the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note) is amended to read as follows: ``(a) Sanctions With Respect to the Development of Petroleum Resources of Iran and Exportation of Refined Petroleum to Iran.-- ``(1) Development of petroleum resources of iran.-- ``(A) Investment.--Except as provided in subsection (f), the President shall impose 2 or more of the sanctions described in paragraphs (1) through (6) of section 6(a) if the President determines that a person has, with actual knowledge, on or after the date of this Act, made an investment of $20,000,000 or more (or any combination of investments of at least $5,000,000 each, which in the aggregate equals or exceeds $20,000,000 in any 12-month period), that directly and significantly contributed to the enhancement of Iran's ability to develop petroleum resources of Iran. ``(B) Production of refined petroleum resources.-- Except as provided in subsection (f), the President shall impose the sanctions described in section 6(b) (in addition to any sanctions imposed under subparagraph (A)) if the President determines that a person has, with actual knowledge, on or after the date of the enactment of the Iran Refined Petroleum Sanctions Act, sold, leased, or provided to Iran any goods, services, technology, information, or support that would allow Iran to maintain or expand its domestic production of refined petroleum resources, including any assistance in refinery construction, modernization, or repair. ``(2) Exportation of refined petroleum resources to iran.-- Except as provided in subsection (f), the President shall impose the sanctions described in section 6(b) if the President determines that a person has, with actual knowledge, on or after the date of the enactment of the Iran Refined Petroleum Sanctions Act, provided Iran with refined petroleum resources or engaged in any activity that could contribute to the enhancement of Iran's ability to import refined petroleum resources, including-- ``(A) providing ships or shipping services to deliver refined petroleum resources to Iran; ``(B) underwriting or otherwise providing insurance or reinsurance for such activity; or ``(C) financing or brokering such activity.''. (b) Description of Sanctions.--Section 6 of such Act is amended-- (1) by striking ``The sanctions to be imposed on a sanctioned person under section 5 are as follows:'' and inserting the following: ``(a) In General.--The sanctions to be imposed on a sanctioned person under subsections (a)(1)(A) and (b) of section 5 are as follows:''; and (2) by adding at the end the following: ``(b) Additional Sanctions.--The sanctions to be imposed on a sanctioned person under paragraphs (1)(B) and (2) of section 5(a) are as follows: ``(1) Foreign exchange.--The President shall, under such regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any transactions in foreign exchange by the sanctioned person. ``(2) Banking transactions.--The President shall, under such regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any transfers of credit or payments between, by, through, or to any financial institution, to the extent that such transfers or payments involve any interest of the sanctioned person. ``(3) Property transactions.--The President shall, under such regulations as the President may prescribe, prohibit any acquisition, holding, withholding, use, transfer, withdrawal, transportation, importation, or exportation of, dealing in, or exercising any right, power, or privilege with respect to, or transactions involving, any property in which the sanctioned person has any interest by any person, or with respect to any property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.''. (c) Presidential Waiver.--Section 9(c)(2) of such Act is amended by amending subparagraph (C) to read as follows: ``(C) an estimate of the significance of the provision of the items described in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 5(a) or section 5(b) to Iran's ability to develop its petroleum resources, enhance its ability to import refined petroleum resources, or develop its weapons of mass destruction or other military capabilities (as the case may be); and''. (d) Reports on United States Efforts To Curtail Certain Business Transactions Relating to Iran.--Section 10 of such Act is amended by adding at the end the following: ``(d) Reports on Certain Business Transactions Relating to Iran.-- ``(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of the Iran Refined Petroleum Sanctions Act, and every 6 months thereafter, the President shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees regarding any person who has-- ``(A) provided Iran with refined petroleum resources; ``(B) engaged in any activity that could contribute to the enhancement of Iran's ability to import refined petroleum resources; or ``(C) sold, leased, or provided to Iran any goods, services, or technology that would allow Iran to maintain or expand its domestic production of refined petroleum resources. ``(2) Description.--For each activity set forth in subparagraphs (A) through (C) of paragraph (1), the President shall provide a complete and detailed description of such activity, including-- ``(A) the date or dates of such activity; ``(B) the name of any persons who participated or invested in or facilitated such activity; ``(C) the United States domiciliary of the persons referred to in subparagraph (B); ``(D) any Federal Government contracts to which the persons referred to in subparagraph (B) are parties; and ``(E) the steps taken by the United States to respond to such activity. ``(3) Form of reports; publication.--The reports required under this subsection shall be-- ``(A) submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex; and ``(B) published in the Federal Register.''. (e) Clarification and Expansion of Definitions.--Section 14 of such Act is amended-- (1) in paragraph (13)(B)-- (A) by inserting ``financial institution, insurer, underwriter, guarantor, any other business organization, including any foreign subsidiary, parent, or affiliate of such a business organization,'' after ``trust,''; and (B) by inserting ``, such as an export credit agency'' before the semicolon at the end; and (2) in paragraph (14), by striking ``petroleum and natural gas resources'' and inserting ``petroleum, petroleum by- products, oil or liquefied natural gas, oil or liquefied natural gas tankers, and products used to construct or maintain pipelines used to transport oil or liquefied natural gas''. (f) Conforming Amendment.--Section 4 of such Act is amended-- (1) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ``(in addition to that provided in subsection (d))''; and (2) by striking subsection (d).

Summary: Iran Refined Petroleum Sanctions Act - Expresses the sense of Congress that: (1) the United States should continue to support diplomatic efforts in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the U.N. Security Council to end Iran's illicit nuclear activities; (2) diplomatic efforts with Iran are more likely to be effective if the President is empowered with the explicit authority to impose additional sanctions on the government of Iran; (3) it should be U.S. policy to encourage foreign governments to direct state-owned and private entities to cease all investment in, and support of, Iran's energy sector and all exports of refined petroleum products to Iran; (4) the President is urged to impose sanctions on the Central Bank of Iran and any other Iranian financial institution engaged in proliferation activities or support of terrorist groups; (5) the Department of the Treasury should continue to work with allies to protect the international financial system from deceptive and illicit practices by Iranian financial institutions involved in proliferation activities or support of terrorist groups; (6) U.S. concerns regarding Iran are strictly the result of that governments actions; and (7) the people of the United States have feelings of friendship for the people of Iran and regret that developments in recent decades have created impediments to that friendship. Amends the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996 to direct the President to impose two or more current sanctions under such Act if a person has, with actual knowledge, made an investment of $20 million or more (or any combination of investments of at least $5 million which in the aggregate equals or exceeds $20 million in any 12-month period) that directly and significantly contributed to Iran's ability to develop its petroleum resources. (Under current law the sanction thresholds are $40 million, $10 million, and $40 million, respectively.) Directs the President to impose: (1) sanctions established under this Act (in addition to any current sanctions imposed under the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996) if a person has, with actual knowledge, sold, leased, or provided to Iran any goods, services, technology, information, or support that would allow Iran to maintain or expand its domestic production of refined petroleum resources, including any assistance in refinery construction, modernization, or repair; and (2) sanctions established under this Act if a person has, with actual knowledge, provided Iran with refined petroleum resources or engaged in any activity that could contribute to Iran's ability to import refined petroleum resources, including providing shipping, insurance, or financing services for such activity. Establishes additional sanctions prohibiting specified foreign exchange, banking, and property transactions. Includes references to refined petroleum resources in a presidential report to Congress requesting waiver of sanctions for purposes of national interest. Directs the President to report to the appropriate congressional committees every six months regarding any person who has: (1) provided Iran with refined petroleum resources; (2) sold, leased, or provided to Iran any goods, services, or technology that would allow Iran to maintain or expand its domestic production of refined petroleum resources; or (3) engaged in any activity that could contribute to the enhancement of Iran's ability to import refined petroleum resources.


SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the ``Free Speech Protection Act of 2008''. SEC. 2. FINDINGS. The Congress finds the following: (1) The freedom of speech and the press is enshrined in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. (2) Free speech, the free exchange of information, and the free expression of ideas and opinions are essential to the functioning of representative democracy in the United States. (3) The free expression and publication by journalists, academics, commentators, experts, and others of the information they uncover and develop through research and study is essential to the formation of sound public policy and thus to the security of Americans. (4) The First Amendment jurisprudence of the Supreme Court, articulated in such precedents as New York Times v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964), and its progeny, reflects the fundamental value that Americans place on promoting the free exchange of ideas and information, requiring in cases involving public figures a demonstration of actual malice--that is, that allegedly defamatory, libelous, or slanderous statements about public figures are not merely false but made with knowledge of that falsity or with reckless disregard of their truth or falsity. (5) Some persons are obstructing the free expression rights of Americans, and the vital interest of the American people in receiving information on matters of public importance, by first seeking out foreign jurisdictions that do not provide the full extent of free-speech protection that is fundamental in the United States and then suing Americans in such jurisdictions in defamation actions based on speech uttered or published in the United States--speech that is fully protected under First Amendment jurisprudence in the United States and the laws of the several States and the District of Columbia. (6) Some of these actions are intended not only to suppress the free speech rights of journalists, academics, commentators, experts, and other individuals but to intimidate publishers and other organizations that might otherwise disseminate or support the work of those individuals with the threat of prohibitive foreign lawsuits, litigation expenses, and judgments that provide for money damages and other speech-suppressing relief. (7) The governments and courts of some foreign countries have failed to curtail this practice, permitting lawsuits filed by persons who are often not citizens of those countries, under circumstances where there is often little or no basis for jurisdiction over the Americans against whom such suits are brought. (8) Some of the plaintiffs bringing such suits are intentionally and strategically refraining from filing their suits in the United States, even though the speech at issue was published in the United States, in order to avoid the Supreme Court's First Amendment jurisprudence and frustrate the protections it affords Americans. (9) The Americans against whom such suits are brought must consequently endure the prohibitive expense, inconvenience, and anxiety attendant to being sued in foreign courts for conduct that is protected by the First Amendment, or decline to answer such suits and risk the entry of costly default judgments that may be executed in countries other than the United States where those individuals travel or own property. (10) Journalists, academics, commentators, experts, and others subjected to such suits are suffering concrete and profound financial and professional damage for engaging in conduct that is protected under the United States Constitution and essential to informing the American people, their representatives, and other policy-makers. (11) In turn, the American people are suffering concrete and profound harm because they, their representatives, and other government policymakers rely on the free expression of information, ideas, and opinions developed by responsible journalists, academics, commentators, experts, and others for the formulation of sound public policy, including national security policy. (12) The United States respects the sovereign right of other countries to enact their own laws regarding speech, and seeks only to protect the First Amendment rights of Americans in connection with speech that occurs, in whole or in part, in the United States. SEC. 3. FEDERAL CAUSE OF ACTION. (a) Cause of Action.--Any United States person against whom a lawsuit is brought in a foreign country for defamation on the basis of the content of any writing, utterance, or other speech by that person that has been published, uttered, or otherwise disseminated in the United States may bring an action in a United States district court specified in subsection (f) against any person who, or entity which, brought the foreign suit if the writing, utterance, or other speech at issue in the foreign lawsuit does not constitute defamation under United States law. (b) Jurisdiction.--It shall be sufficient to establish jurisdiction over the person or entity bringing a foreign lawsuit described in subsection (a) that such person or entity has filed the lawsuit against a United States person, or that such United States person has assets in the United States against which the claimant in the foreign action could execute if a judgment in the foreign lawsuit were awarded. (c) Remedies.-- (1) Order to bar enforcement and other injunctive relief.-- If the cause of action set forth in subsection (a) is established, the district court shall order that any foreign judgment in the foreign lawsuit in question may not be enforced in the United States, including by any Federal, State, or local court, and may order such other injunctive relief that the court considers appropriate to protect the right to free speech under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. (2) Damages.--In addition to the remedy under paragraph (1), damages may be awarded to the United States person bringing the action under subsection (a), based on the following: (A) The amount of the foreign judgment. (B) The costs, including all legal fees, attributable to the foreign lawsuit that have been borne by the United States person. (C) The harm caused to the United States person due to decreased opportunities to publish, conduct research, or generate funding. (d) Treble Damages.--If, in an action brought under subsection (a), the factfinder determines by a preponderance of the evidence that the person or entity bringing the foreign lawsuit at issue intentionally engaged in a scheme to suppress First Amendment rights by discouraging publishers or other media not to publish, or discouraging employers, contractors, donors, sponsors, or similar financial supporters not to employ, retain, or support, the research, writing, or other speech of a journalist, academic, commentator, expert, or other individual, the factfinder may award treble damages. (e) Expedited Discovery.--Upon the filing of an action under subsection (a), the court may order expedited discovery if the court determines, based on the allegations in the complaint, that the speech at issue in the foreign defamation action is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. (f) Venue.--An action under subsection (a) may be brought by a United States person only in a United States district court in which the United States person is domiciled, does business, or owns real property that could be executed against in satisfaction of a judgment in the foreign defamation lawsuit giving rise to the action. (g) Timing of Action; Statute of Limitations.-- (1) Timing.--An action under subsection (a) may be commenced after the filing of the defamation lawsuit in a foreign country on which the action is based. (2) Statute of limitations.--For purposes of section 1658(a) of title 28, United States Code, the cause of action under subsection (a) accrues on the date on which the defamation lawsuit in a foreign country on which the cause of action is based is filed. SEC. 4. APPLICABILITY. This Act applies with respect to any foreign lawsuit that is described in section 3(a) and is brought in the foreign country concerned before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act. SEC. 5. CONSTRUCTION. Nothing in this Act limits the right of foreign litigants who bring good faith defamation actions to prevail against journalists, academics, commentators, and others who have failed to adhere to standards of professionalism by publishing false information maliciously or recklessly. SEC. 6. DEFINITIONS. In this Act: (1) Defamation.--The term ``defamation'' means any action for defamation, libel, slander, or similar claim alleging that forms of speech are false or have caused damage to reputation. (2) Foreign country.--The term ``foreign country'' means any country other than the United States. (3) Foreign judgment.--The term ``foreign judgment'' means any judgment of a foreign country, including the court system of a foreign country, that grants or denies any form of relief, including injunctive relief and monetary damages, in a defamation action. (4) United states.--The term ``United States'' means the several States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States. (5) United states person.--The term ``United States person'' includes a United States citizen, an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States, and a business entity lawfully doing business in the United States.

Summary: Free Speech Protection Act of 2008 - Allows any U.S. person against whom a lawsuit for defamation is brought in a foreign country on the basis of the content of any speech by that person that has been published, uttered, or otherwise disseminated in the United States to bring an action in a U.S. district court against any person who, or entity which, brought the suit, if the speech at issue in the foreign lawsuit does not constitute defamation under U.S. law. Allows the award of treble damages if it is determined by a preponderance of the evidence that the person or entity bringing the foreign lawsuit intentionally engaged in a scheme to suppress rights under the First Amendment to the Constitution by discouraging publishers or other media from publishing, or by discouraging financial supporters from employing, retaining, or supporting the research, writing, or other speech of an individual.