29.5.2019 EN Official Journal of the European Union L 142/16 COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) 2019/887 of 13 March 2019 on the model financial regulation for public-private partnership bodies referred to in Article 71 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 of the European Parliament and of the Council THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Having regards to Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 July 2018 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union amending Regulations (EU) No 1296/2013, (EU) No 1301/2013, (EU) No 1303/2013, (EU) No 1304/2013, (EU) No 1309/2013, (EU) No 1316/2013, (EU) No 223/2014, (EU) No 283/2014, and Decision No 541/2014/EU and repealing Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 (1), and in particular the third paragraph of Article 71 thereof, Whereas: (1) By Delegated Regulation (EU) No 110/2014 (2), the Commission adopted a the model financial regulation for public-private partnership bodies referred to in Article 209 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council (3). (2) Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 has been repealed and replaced by Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046. It is therefore necessary to adopt a model financial regulation for public-private partnership bodies referred to in Article 71 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 (hereafter ‘PPP bodies’). (3) In order to adopt rules ensuring sound financial management of Union funds and to enable PPP bodies to adopt their own financial rules, it is necessary to adopt a model financial regulation for those bodies. The PPP bodies' financial rules may not depart from this Regulation except where their specific needs so require, and with the Commission's prior consent. (4) The model financial regulation for PPP bodies should be consistent with the provisions of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 and should allow for additional simplification and clarification to take into account the experience gained in their application. (5) Following the adoption of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2015/1929 (4) of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/2461 (5) amended Delegated Regulation (EU) No 110/2014 on the model financial regulation for public-private partnership bodies to align the rules on discharge, reporting and external audit on those applicable to the bodies referred to in Article 70 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046. Rules on governance, internal audit and accountability applicable to PPP bodies should be made consistent with the corresponding provisions of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/715 (6) applicable to the bodies referred to in Article 70 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046. (6) Given that Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1268/2012 (7) has been repealed, the obligation for the PPP bodies to adopt their own implementing rules should also be removed. (7) PPP bodies should establish and implement their budget in accordance with the budgetary principles of unity, budgetary accuracy, annuality, equilibrium, unit of account, universality, specification and sound financial management, which requires transparency and effective and efficient internal control. (8) To ensure continuity of operation and in order to allow for the commitment of routine administrative expenditure at the end of a financial year, PPP bodies should be able under specific conditions to commit such expenditure in advance against the appropriations provided for the following financial. (9) Taking into account their specificities, PPP bodies should not be able to use corporate sponsoring. (10) The concept of performance as regards the budget should be clarified. Performance should be linked to the principle of sound financial management. The principle of sound financial management should be defined. A link should be established between, on the one hand, the objectives set and performance indicators and, on the other hand, the results and the economy, efficiency and effectiveness in the use of appropriations. (11) In order to ensure the overall implementation of the tasks and activities of a PPP body, it should be able to enter the unused appropriations for a given year in the estimate of revenue and expenditure of the following three financial years. (12) It is necessary to specify the powers and responsibilities of the accounting officer and of the authorising officer, taking into account the public-private nature of PPP bodies. The authorising officers should be fully responsible for all revenue and expenditure operations executed under their authority and should be held accountable for their actions, including, where necessary, through disciplinary proceedings. In order to prevent errors and irregularities, authorising officers should set up a multiannual control strategy which should be based on risk-based and cost-effectiveness considerations. (13) In order to guarantee that each PPP body is accountable for the implementation of its budget and adheres to the objectives assigned to it at its establishment, PPP bodies should be allowed, where necessary, to employ external private sector bodies for the performance of the tasks entrusted to them, where necessary, unless those tasks involve a public service mission or any use of discretionary powers of judgement. (14) In order to facilitate the implementation of their appropriations and in compliance with the principle of sound financial management, PPP bodies should have the possibility to conclude service-level agreements in accordance with Article 59(3) of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046, in particular with the Union institutions and other Union bodies. Appropriate reporting on those service-level agreements should be ensured. (15) In order to improve cost-efficiency, PPP bodies should have the possibility of sharing services or transferring them to another body or the Commission, in particular by allowing the accounting officer of the Commission to be entrusted with all or part of the tasks of the accounting officer of a PPP body. (16) To identify and correctly manage risk of actual or perceived conflict of interests, PPP bodies should be required to adopt rules on the prevention and management of conflict of interests. Such rules should take into account guidance provided by the Commission. (17) The principles to be followed as to the revenue and expenditure operations of each PPP body should be laid down. (18) In line with the specific nature of the PPP bodies, their members should bear the costs of their contribution to the administrative costs of the PPP body. Non-member beneficiaries of funding provided by a PPP body should not contribute to such costs directly or indirectly and in any form, and they should not be invited or requested to contribute to the administrative costs of the PPP body when participating to projects co-financed by that body. (19) PPP bodies shall adopt its annual work programme for a particular year by the end of the previous year. This annual work programme should contain a description of the activities to be financed and an indication of the amounts allocated to each of them, information on the overall strategy for the implementation of the programme entrusted to the PPP body, as well as the strategy for achieving efficiency gains and synergies. The annual work programme should also contain a strategy for organisational management and internal control systems, including an anti-fraud strategy and an indication of measures to prevent recurrence of cases of conflict of interests, irregularities and fraud, in particular where weaknesses have led to critical recommendations (20) In addition to the forms of Union contribution already well established (reimbursement of the eligible costs actually incurred, unit cost, lump sums and flat-rate financing), it is appropriate to allow PPP bodies to provide support through financing not linked to the costs of the relevant operations. This additional form of financing should be based on the fulfilment of certain conditions ex ante or on the achievement of results measured by reference to previously set milestones or through performance indicators. (21) In order to protect the financial interests of the Union, the rules on a single early-detection and exclusion system set up by Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 should apply to PPP bodies. (22) In order to strengthen the governance of PPP bodies, they should report cases of fraud, financial irregularities and investigations to the Commission without delay. (23) Given the public-private nature of PPP bodies and in particular the private sector contribution to the budget of a PPP body, flexible procedures for the award of procurement contracts should be provided for. These procedures should respect the principles of transparency, proportionality, equality of treatment and non-discrimination and can depart from the relevant provisions laid down in Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046. Reinforced cooperation among the members of PPP bodies is expected to contribute to better and cheaper supply of goods and services, as well as the avoidance of excessive costs in managing procurement procedures. For the supply of products, provision of services or performance of work that those members provide directly and without having recourse to third parties, PPP bodies should therefore have the possibility to conclude contracts without having recourse to a procurement procedure with their members other than the Union. (24) PPP bodies should be able to use external experts for the evaluation of grant applications, projects and tenders and for providing opinions and advice in specific cases. These experts should be selected in accordance with the principles of non-discrimination, equal treatment and absence of conflict of interests. (25) As regards the award of grants and prizes, in order to ensure a coherent implementation with the actions directly managed by the Commission, the relevant provisions of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 should apply, subject to specific provisions of the constituent act of the PPP body or of the basic act of the programme the implementation of which is entrusted to the PPP body. (26) Pursuant to Article 8(1) of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 883/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (8), PPP bodies shall transmit to the European Anti-Fraud Office without delay any information relating to possible cases of fraud, corruption or any other illegal activity affecting the financial interests of the Union. Pursuant to Article 24(1) of Council Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 (9), PPP bodies shall without undue delay report to the European Public Prosecutor's Office any criminal conduct in respect of which it could exercise its competence in accordance with that regulation. In order to strengthen the governance of PPP bodies, they should also report cases of fraud, financial irregularities, as well as investigations, to the Commission without delay. The Commission and the PPP bodies should put procedures in place that duly protect personal data and ensure the respect of the need-to-know principle in any transmission of information related to presumed fraud and other irregularities and on-going or completed investigations. (27) Delegated Regulation (EU) No 110/2014 should be repealed. The reference to the repealed regulation should be construed as references to this Regulation. (28) In order to allow for the timely adoption of the revised financial regulations by the PPP bodies as of 1 September 2019 and so that the PPP bodies may benefit from the simplification and alignment with Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046, this Regulation should enter into force as a matter of urgency. HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: CHAPTER 1 SCOPE Article 1 Subject Matter This Regulation lays down the essential principles on the basis of which the public-private partnership bodies referred to in Article 71 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 (‘PPP bodies’) shall adopt their own financial rules. The financial rules of the PPP body shall not depart from this Regulation except where its specific needs so require and with the Commission's prior consent in accordance with the fourth subparagraph of Article 71 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046. The PPP body shall publish its financial rules on its website. Article 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply: (1) ‘governing board’ means the main internal body of the PPP body that is responsible for taking decisions on financial and budgetary matters, irrespective of the name given to it in the constituent act of the PPP body, (2) ‘director’ means the person responsible for implementing the decisions of the governing board and the PPP body's budget as authorising officer, irrespective of the title given to him in the constituent act of the PPP body, (3) ‘member’ means a member of the PPP body in accordance with its constituent act, (4) ‘constituent act’ means the instrument of Union law governing the main aspects of the creation and operation of the PPP body, Article 2 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply mutatis mutandis. Article 3 Scope of the budget For each financial year, the budget of the PPP body shall forecast and authorize all revenue and expenditure considered necessary for the PPP body. It shall consist of: (a) the revenue of the PPP body, comprising: (i) its members' financial contribution to the administrative costs; (ii) its members' financial contribution to the operational costs; (iii) revenue assigned to specific items of expenditure; (iv) any revenue generated by the PPP body; (b) the expenditure of the PPP body, including administrative expenditure. CHAPTER 2 BUDGETARY PRINCIPLES Article 4 Respect for budgetary principles The budget of the PPP body shall be established and implemented in accordance with the principles of unity, budgetary accuracy, annuality, equilibrium, unit of account, universality, specification, sound financial management and transparency as set out in this Regulation. Article 5 Principles of unity and of budgetary accuracy 1. All revenue and expenditure shall be booked to a budget line in the budget of the PPP body. 2. No expenditure may be committed or authorised in excess of the appropriations authorised by the budget of the PPP body. 3. An appropriation may be entered in the budget of the PPP body only if it is for an item of expenditure considered necessary. 4. Interests generated by pre-financing payments made from the budget of the PPP body shall not be due to the PPP body. Article 6 Principle of annuality 1. The appropriations entered in the budget of the PPP body shall be authorised for a financial year which shall run from 1 January to 31 December. 2. Commitment appropriations shall cover the total cost of the legal commitments entered into during the financial year. 3. Payment appropriations shall cover payments made to honour the legal commitments entered into in the financial year or preceding financial years. 4. For administrative appropriations, expenditure shall not exceed the revenue expected for the year as referred in Article 3(a)(i). 5. Given the needs of the PPP body, the unused appropriations may be entered in the estimate of revenue and expenditure of up to the following three financial years. These appropriations must be used first. 6. Paragraphs 1 to 5 shall not prevent budget commitments for actions extending over more than one financial year being broken down over several years into annual instalments where the constituent act so provides or where they relate to administrative expenditure. Article 7 Commitment of appropriations 1. The appropriations entered in the budget may be committed with effect from 1 January, once the budget of the PPP body has been definitively adopted. 2. As of 15 October of the financial year, routine administrative expenditure may be committed in advance against the appropriations provided for the following financial year, provided that such expenditure has been approved in the last budget of the PPP body duly adopted, and only up to a maximum of one quarter of the total corresponding appropriations decided upon by the governing board for the current financial year. Article 8 Principle of equilibrium 1. Revenue and payment appropriations shall be in balance. 2. Commitment appropriations shall not exceed the relevant annual Union contribution as set out in the annual transfer of funds agreement with the Commission, plus annual contributions from other members than the Union, any other revenue referred to in Article 3 and the amount of the unused appropriations referred to in Article 6(5). 3. The PPP body shall not raise loans within the framework of the budget of the PPP body. 4. If the budget result is positive, it shall be entered in the budget of the following financial year as revenue. If the budget result is negative, it shall be entered in the budget for the following financial year as payment appropriations. Article 9 Principle of unit of account The budget of the PPP body shall be drawn up and implemented in euro and the accounts shall be presented in euro. However, for cash-flow purposes, the accounting officer shall be authorised to carry out operations in other currencies as laid down in the financial rules of the PPP body. Article 10 Principle of universality 1. Without prejudice to paragraph 2, total revenue shall cover total payment appropriations. All revenue and expenditure shall be entered in full without any adjustment against each other, subject to any specific provision in the financial rules of the PPP body on cases where certain deductions may be made from payment requests, which shall then be passed for payment of the net amount. 2. Revenue earmarked for a specific purpose, such as income from foundations, subsidies, gifts and bequests, shall be used to finance specific items of expenditure. 3. The director may accept any donation made to the PPP body, such as income from foundations, subsidies, gifts and bequests. Acceptance of donations which may involve a significant financial charge shall be subject to the prior authorisation of the governing board, which shall take a decision within two months of the date on which the request is submitted to it. If the governing board fails to take a decision within that period, the donation shall be deemed to be accepted. The amount above which the financial charge involved is considered significant shall be set by a decision of the governing board. Article 11 Corporate sponsoring Article 26 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall not apply to the PPP bodies. Article 12 Principle of specification 1. Appropriations shall be earmarked for specific purposes at least by title and chapter. 2. The director may transfer appropriations: (a) from one title to another up to a maximum of 10 % of the appropriations for the year shown on the line from which the transfer is made; (b) from one chapter to another and within each chapter without limit. 3. Beyond the limits referred to in paragraph 2, the director may propose transfers of appropriations from one title to another to the governing board. The governing board shall have three weeks to oppose the proposed transfers. After that time limit the proposed transfers shall be deemed to be adopted. 4. The director shall inform the governing board as soon as possible of all transfers carried out under paragraph 2. Article 13 Principle of sound financial management and performance 1. Appropriations shall be used in accordance with the principle of sound financial management, and thus be implemented respecting the following principles: (a) the principle of economy which requires that the resources used by the PPP body in the pursuit of its activities shall be made available in due time, in appropriate quantity and quality and at the best price; (b) the principle of efficiency which concerns the best relationship between the resources employed, the activities undertaken and the achievement of objectives; (c) the principle of effectiveness which concerns the extent to which the objectives pursued are achieved through the activities undertaken. 2. In line with the principle of sound financial management, the use of appropriations shall focus on performance and for that purpose: (a) objectives for activities shall be established ex-ante; (b) progress in the achievement of objectives shall be monitored with performance indicators; (c) progress in, and problems with, the achievements of those objectives shall be reported to the European Parliament and the Council in accordance with point (d) of Article 16(2) and with Article 23(2). 3. Specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-bound objectives referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be set for all sectors of activity covered by the budget of the PPP body and relevant, accepted, credible, easy and robust indicators shall be defined where relevant. Information on the indicators shall be provided annually by the director to the governing board, at the latest when submitting the documents accompanying the draft budget of the PPP body. 4. Unless the constituent act provides for evaluations to be conducted by the Commission, the PPP body, in order to improve decision-making, shall undertake evaluations, including retrospective evaluations, which shall be proportionate to the objectives and expenditure. Evaluation results shall be sent to the governing board. 5. Retrospective evaluations shall assess the performance of the activity, including aspects such as effectiveness, efficiency, coherence, relevance and EU added value. Retrospective evaluations shall be based on the information generated by the monitoring arrangements and indicators established for the action concerned. They shall be undertaken at least once every multiannual financial framework and where possible in sufficient time for the findings to be taken into account in ex-ante evaluations or impact assessments which support the preparation of related programmes and activities. Article 14 Internal control of budget implementation 1. Pursuant to the principle of sound financial management, the budget of the PPP body shall be implemented in compliance with effective and efficient internal control. 2. For the purposes of the implementation of the budget of the PPP body, internal control shall be applied at all levels of management and shall be designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving the following objectives: (a) effectiveness, efficiency and economy of operations; (b) reliability of reporting; (c) safeguarding of assets and information; (d) prevention, detection, correction and follow-up of fraud and irregularities; (e) adequate management of the risks relating to the legality and regularity of the underlying transactions, taking into account the multi-annual character of programmes as well as the nature of the payments concerned. 3. Effective and efficient internal control shall be based on best international practices and on the Internal Control Framework laid down by the Commission for its own departments, and shall include, in particular, the elements laid down in Article 36(3) and (4) of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046. Article 15 Principle of transparency 1. The budget of the PPP body shall be established and implemented and the accounts presented in accordance with the principle of transparency. 2. The budget of the PPP body including the establishment plan and any amending budgets, as adopted, including any adaptations as provided in Article 17(1), shall be published on the internet site of the PPP body within four weeks of their adoption and shall be transmitted to the Commission and the Court of Auditors. 3. The PPP body shall make available on its website no later than 30 June of the year following the financial year in which the funds were legally committed, information on the recipients of funds financed from the budget of the PPP body, including the experts contracted pursuant to Article 44 of this Regulation, in accordance with Article 38 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046, and following a standard presentation, subject to any specific procedure laid down in the basic act of the programme the implementation of which is entrusted to the PPP body. The published information shall be easily accessible, transparent and comprehensive. The information shall be made available with due observance of the requirements of confidentiality and security, in particular the protection of personal data laid down in Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council (10). CHAPTER 3 FINANCIAL PLANNING Article 16 Estimate of revenue and expenditure 1. The PPP body shall send to the Commission and to the other members no later than 31 January of the year preceding that in which the budget of the PPP body is to be implemented an estimate of its revenue and expenditure and the general guidelines underlying that estimate, together with a draft of the annual work programme referred to in Article 33(4). It shall be adopted by the Governing Board in accordance with the procedure provided for in the constituent act of the PPP body. 2. The estimate of revenue and expenditure of the PPP body shall include: (a) an estimate of the number of permanent and temporary posts, by function group and by grade, as well as of the contract staff and seconded national experts expressed in full-time equivalents, within the limits of the budget appropriations; (b) where there is a change in the number of persons in post, a statement justifying the request for new posts; (c) a quarterly estimate of cash payments and receipts; (d) information on the progress in the achievement of all the objectives being pursued; (e) the targets set for the financial year to which the estimate relates, indicating any specific budgetary needs dedicated to achieving these targets; (f) the administrative costs and the implemented budget of the PPP body in the preceding financial year; (g) the amount of financial contributions made in year N-1 by the members and the value of contributions in kind made by the members, other than the Union; (h) information on the unused appropriations that are entered in the estimate of revenue and expenditure per year in accordance with Article 6(5). Article 17 Establishment of the budget 1. The budget of the PPP body and the staff establishment plan, including the number of permanent and temporary posts by function group and by grade and complemented with the number of contract staff and of seconded national experts expressed in full-time equivalents, shall be adopted by the governing board in accordance with the constituent act of the PPP body. Detailed provisions may be laid down in the financial rules of the PPP body. Any amendment to the budget of the PPP body, including the establishment plan, shall be the subject of an amending budget of the PPP body adopted by the same procedure as the initial budget of the PPP body. The budget of the PPP body and, where appropriate, the amending budgets of the PPP body shall be adapted in order to take into account the amount of the Union contribution as laid down in the budget of the Union. The annual budget for a particular year shall be adopted by the end of the previous year. 2. The budget of the PPP body shall consist of a statement of revenue and a statement of expenditure. 3. The budget of the PPP body shall show: (a) in the statement of revenue: (i) the estimated revenue of the PPP body for the financial year concerned (‘year N’); (ii) the estimated revenue for year N-1 and the revenue for year N-2; (iii) appropriate remarks on each revenue line; (b) in the statement of expenditure: (i) the commitment and payment appropriations for year N; (ii) the commitment and payment appropriations for the preceding financial year and the expenditure committed and the expenditure paid in year N-2, the latter also expressed as a percentage of the budget of the PPP body of year N; (iii) a summary statement of the schedule of payments due in subsequent financial years to meet budget commitments entered into in earlier financial years; (iv) appropriate remarks on each subdivision. 4. The establishment plan shall show next to the number of posts authorised for the financial year, the number authorised for the preceding year and the number of posts actually filled. The same information shall be shown for temporary posts, as well as for contract staff and seconded national experts. CHAPTER 4 FINANCIAL ACTORS Article 18 Segregation of duties 1. The duties of authorising officer and accounting officer shall be segregated and mutually exclusive. 2. Each PP body shall provide each financial actor with the resources required to perform his or her duties and a charter describing in detail his or her tasks, rights and obligations. Article 19 Budget implementation in accordance with the principle of sound financial management 1. The director shall perform the duties of authorising officer. The director shall implement the revenue and expenditure of the budget of the PPP body in accordance with the financial rules of the PPP body and the principle of sound financial management, including through ensuring reporting on performance, under his or her own responsibility and within the limits of the appropriations authorised. The director shall be responsible for ensuring compliance with the requirements of legality, regularity and equal treatment of recipients of Union funds. Without prejudice to the responsibilities of the authorising officer as regards prevention and detection of fraud and irregularities, the PPP body shall participate in fraud prevention activities of the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF). 2. The director may delegate the powers of budget implementation to staff of the PPP body covered by the Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Union and the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants of the Union, laid down in Council Regulation (EEC, Euratom, ECSC) No 259/68 (11) (‘Staff Regulations’), where those apply to the staff of the PPP body, in accordance with the conditions laid down in the financial rules of the PPP body. Those so empowered may act only within the limits of the powers expressly conferred upon them. Article 20 Powers and duties of the authorising officer 1. The budget of the PPP body shall be implemented by the director in the departments placed under his or her authority. 2. In order to facilitate the implementation of their appropriations, PPP bodies may conclude service-level agreements as referred to in Article 59 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046. 3. Technical expertise tasks and administrative, preparatory or ancillary tasks not involving the exercise of public authority or the use of discretionary powers of judgement may be entrusted by contract to external private-sector entities, where this proves to be indispensable. 4. The director shall put in place the organisational structure and the internal control systems suited to the performance of duties of the director, in accordance with the minimum standards or principles adopted by the governing board, on the basis of the Internal Control Framework laid down by the Commission for its own departments and having due regard to the risks associated with the management environment and the nature of the actions financed. The establishment of such structure and systems shall be supported by a risk analysis which takes into account their cost-effectiveness and performance considerations. The director may establish within his or her departments an expertise and advice function designed to help him or her control the risks involved in his or her activities. 5. The director shall set up paper-based or electronic systems for the keeping of original supporting documents relating to budget implementation. Such documents shall be kept for at least five years from the date of the decision on which the European Parliament grants discharge for the financial year to which the documents relate. Personal data contained in the supporting documents shall where possible be deleted when those data are not necessary for control and audit purposes. Article 88 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 shall apply to the conservation of data. Article 21 Ex ante controls 1. In order to prevent errors and irregularities before the authorisation of operations and to mitigate risks of non-achievement of objectives, each operation shall be subject at least to an ex-ante control relating to the operational and financial aspects of the operation, on the basis of a multiannual control strategy which takes risk into account. The extent in terms of frequency and intensity of the ex-ante controls shall be determined by the authorising officer responsible taking into account the results of prior controls as well as risk-based and cost-effectiveness considerations, on the basis of his/her own risk analysis, In case of doubt, the authorising officer responsible for validating the relevant operations shall, as part of the ex-ante control, request complementary information or perform an on-the-spot control in order to obtain reasonable assurance. For a given operation, the verification shall be carried out by staff other than those who initiated the operation. The staff who carry out the verification shall not be subordinate to the members of staff who initiated the operation. 2. Ex ante controls shall comprise the initiation and the verification of an operation. Initiation and verification of an operation shall be separate functions. 3. Initiation of an operation shall be understood as all the operations which are preparatory to the adoption of the acts implementing the budget of the PPP body by the authorising officer responsible. 4. Ex ante controls shall verify the coherence among supporting documents requested and any other information available. The purpose of the ex ante controls shall be to ascertain that: (a) the expenditure is in order and complies with the provisions applicable; (b) the principle of sound financial management set out in Article 13 has been applied. For the purpose of controls, a series of similar individual transactions relating to routine expenditure on salaries, pensions, reimbursement of mission expenses and medical expenses may be considered by the authorising officer responsible to constitute a single operation. Article 22 Ex post controls 1. The authorising officer may put in place ex post controls to detect and correct errors and irregularities or operations after they have been authorised. Such controls may be organised on a sample basis according to risk and shall take account of the results of prior controls as well as cost-effectiveness and performance considerations. The ex post controls may be carried out on the basis of documents and, where appropriate, on the spot. 2. The ex post controls shall be carried out by staff other than that responsible for the ex ante controls. The staff responsible for the ex post controls shall not be subordinate to the members of the staff responsible for the ex ante controls. Authorising officers responsible and staff responsible for budget implementation shall have the necessary professional skills. Article 23 Consolidated Annual Activity report 1. The authorising officer shall report annually to the governing board on the performance of his or her duties for year N-1 in the form of a consolidated annual activity report containing: (a) information on: (i) the achievement of the objectives and results set in the annual work programme referred to in Article 33 through the reporting on performance indicators; (ii) the implementation of the PPP body's annual work programme, budget and staff resources; (iii) organisational management and the efficiency and effectiveness of the internal control systems including the implementation of the body's anti-fraud strategy, the summary of number and type of internal audits carried out by the internal auditor, the internal audit capabilities, the recommendations made and the action taken on those recommendations and on the recommendations of previous years, as referred to in Articles 28 and 30; (iv) any observations of the Court of Auditors and the actions taken on those observations; (v) the service-level agreements concluded in accordance with Article 20(2). (b) a declaration of the authorising officer stating whether he or she has a reasonable assurance that unless otherwise specified in any reservations related to defined areas of revenue and expenditure: (i) the information contained in the report presents a true and fair view; (ii) the resources assigned to the activities described in the report have been used for their intended purpose and in accordance with the principle of sound financial management; (iii) the control procedures put in place give the necessary guarantees concerning the legality and regularity of the underlying transactions. 2. The consolidated annual activity report shall indicate the results of the operations by reference to the objectives set and performance considerations, the risks associated with the operations, the use made of the resources provided and the efficiency and effectiveness of the internal control systems, including an overall assessment of the costs and benefits of controls. The consolidated annual report shall be submitted to the governing board for assessment. 3. No later than 1 July each year, the governing board shall send the consolidated annual activity report together with its assessment of it to the Court of Auditors, the Commission, the European Parliament and the Council. 4. Additional reporting requirements may be laid down in the constituent act in duly justified cases, in particular when it is required by the nature of the field in which the PPP body operates. 5. Once assessed by the governing board, the annual activity report shall be published on the website of the PPP body. Article 24 Protection of the financial interests of the Union 1. If a member of staff involved in the financial management and control of transactions considers that a decision he or she is required by his or her superior to apply or to agree to is irregular or contrary to the principles of sound financial management or the professional rules which that member of staff is required to observe, he or she shall inform the director who shall, if the information is given in writing, reply in writing. If the director fails to take action within a reasonable time given the circumstances of the case and in any event within a month or if he or she confirms the initial decision or instruction and the member of staff believes that such confirmation does not constitute a reasonable response to his or her concern, the member of staff shall inform the relevant panel referred to in Article 143 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 and the governing board in writing. 2. In the event of any illegal activity, fraud or corruption which may harm the interests of the Union, of the PPP body or of its members, a member of staff or other servant, including national experts seconded to the PPP body, shall inform their immediate superior, the director or the governing board of the PPP body or, as far as the interests of the Union or of the PPP body are concerned, the OLAF or the European Public Prosecutor's Office (EPPO) directly. Contracts with external auditors carrying out audits of the financial management of the PPP body shall provide for an obligation of the external auditor to inform the director or, if the latter may be involved, the governing board of any suspected illegal activity, fraud or corruption which may harm the interests of the Union, of the PPP body or of its members. Article 25 Accounting officer 1. The governing board shall appoint an accounting officer covered by the Staff Regulations, where those apply to the staff of the PPP body, who shall be totally independent in the performance of his or her duties. The accounting officer shall be responsible in the PPP body for: (a) properly implementing payments, collecting revenue and recovering amounts established as being receivable; (b) keeping, preparing and presenting the accounts in accordance with Chapter 8 of this Regulation; (c) implementing, in accordance with Chapter 8 of this Regulation, the accounting rules and the chart of accounts; (d) laying down and validating the accounting systems and, where appropriate, validating systems laid down by the authorising officer to supply or justify accounting information; (e) treasury management. With respect to the tasks referred to in point (d) of the first subparagraph, the accounting officer shall be empowered to verify at any time compliance with the validation criteria. 2. Two or more PPP bodies may appoint the same accounting officer. PPP bodies may also agree with the Commission that the accounting officer of the Commission shall also act as accounting officer of the PPP body. They may also entrust the accounting officer of the Commission with part of the tasks of the accounting officer of the PPP body taking into account cost-benefit considerations. In the cases referred to in this paragraph, they shall make necessary arrangements in order to avoid any conflict of interests. 3. The accounting officer shall obtain from the authorising officer all the information necessary for the production of accounts which give a true and fair view of the PPP body's financial situation and of budgetary implementation. The authorising officer shall guarantee the reliability of that information. 4. Before the adoption of the accounts by the director, the accounting officer shall sign them off, thereby certifying that he or she has a reasonable assurance that the accounts present a true and fair view of the financial situation of the PPP body. For the purpose of the first subparagraph, the accounting officer shall verify that the accounts have been prepared in accordance with the accounting rules referred to in Article 47 and that all revenue and expenditure is entered in the accounts. The accounting officer shall be empowered to check the information received as well as to carry out any further checks he or she deems necessary in order to sign off the accounts. The accounting officer shall make reservations, if necessary, explaining exactly the nature and scope of such reservations. Subject to paragraph 5, only the accounting officer shall be empowered to manage cash and cash equivalents. The accounting officer shall be responsible for their safekeeping. 5. The accounting officer may, in the performance of his or her duties, delegate certain tasks to staff members subject to the Staff Regulations, where those apply to the staff of the PPP body, where this is indispensable for the performance of his or her duties in accordance with the financial rules of the PPP body. 6. Without prejudice to any disciplinary action, the accounting officer may at any time be suspended temporarily or definitively from his or her duties by the governing board. In such a case, the governing board shall appoint an interim accounting officer. Article 26 Liability of the financial actors 1. Articles 18 to 27 are without prejudice to any liability under criminal law which the financial actors may incur as provided for in the applicable national law and in the provisions in force concerning the protection of the Union's financial interests and the fight against corruption involving Union officials or officials of Member States. 2. Each authorising officer and accounting officer shall be liable to disciplinary action and payment of compensation as laid down in the Staff Regulations. In the event of illegal activity, fraud or corruption which may harm the interests of the PPP body or of its members, the matter shall be submitted to the authorities and bodies designated by the applicable legislation, in particular to the OLAF. 3. Any member of the staff may be required to compensate, in whole or in part, any damage suffered by the PPP body as a result of a serious misconduct on his or her part in the course of or in connection with the performance of his or her duties. The appointing authority shall take a reasoned decision after completing the formalities laid down by the applicable legislation with regard to disciplinary matters. Article 27 Conflict of interests 1. Financial actors within the meaning of this Chapter and other persons, including the members of the governing board, involved in budget implementation and management, including acts preparatory thereto, audit or control, shall not take any action which may bring their own interests into conflict with those of the PPP body. They shall also take appropriate measures to prevent a conflict of interests from arising in the functions under their responsibility and to address situations which may objectively be perceived as a conflict of interests, taking into account the specific nature of the PPP body as set out in its constituent act. Where there is a risk of a conflict of interests, the person in question shall refer the matter to the competent authority. The competent authority shall confirm in writing whether a conflict of interests is found to exist. In that case, the competent authority shall ensure that the person concerned ceases all activities in the matter. The competent authority shall take any further appropriate action. 2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, a conflict of interests exists where the impartial and objective exercise of the functions of a financial actor or other person, as referred to in paragraph 1, is compromised for reasons involving family, emotional life, political or national affinity, economic interest or any other direct or indirect personal interest 3. The competent authority referred to in paragraph 1 shall be the director. If the member of staff is the director, the competent authority shall be the governing board. In case of a conflict of interest involving a member of the governing board, the competent authority shall be the governing board, exclusive of the member concerned. 4. The PPP body shall adopt rules on the prevention and management of conflicts of interests and shall publish annually on its website the declaration of interests of the governing board members. CHAPTER 5 INTERNAL AUDIT Article 28 Appointment, powers and duties of the internal auditor 1. The PPP body shall have an internal audit function which shall be performed in compliance with the relevant international standards. 2. The internal audit function shall be performed by the Commission's internal auditor. The internal auditor may be neither authorising officer nor accounting officer. 3. The internal auditor shall advise the PPP body on dealing with risks, by issuing independent opinions on the quality of management and control systems and by issuing recommendations for improving the conditions of implementation of operations and promoting sound financial management. The internal auditor shall be responsible in particular for: (a) assessing the suitability and effectiveness of internal management systems and the performance of departments in implementing programmes and actions by reference to the risks associated with them; (b) assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of the internal control and audit systems applicable to each budget implementation operation. 4. The internal auditor shall perform his or her duties in relation to all the PPP body's activities and departments. The internal auditor shall enjoy full and unlimited access to all information required to perform his or her duties, if necessary on the spot access, including in the Member States and in third countries. 5. The internal auditor shall take note of the consolidated annual activity report of the authorising officer referred to in Article 23 and of any other pieces of information identified. 6. The internal auditor shall report to the governing board and the director on his or her findings and recommendations. The PPP body shall ensure that action is taken with regard to recommendations resulting from audits. 7. The internal auditor shall also report in any of the following cases: (a) critical risks and recommendations have not been addressed, (b) there are significant delays in the implementation of the recommendations made in the previous years. The governing board and the director shall ensure the regular monitoring of the implementation of audit recommendations. The governing board shall examine the information referred to in Article 23 and whether the recommendations have been fully and timely implemented. Each PPP body shall consider whether the recommendations made in the reports of its internal auditor are suitable for an exchange of best practices with other PPP bodies. 8. The PPP body shall make available the contact details of the internal auditor to any natural or legal person involved in expenditure operations, for the purposes of confidentially contacting the internal auditor. 9. The reports and findings of the internal auditor shall be accessible to the public only after validation by the internal auditor of the action taken for their implementation. Article 29 Independence of the internal auditor 1. The internal auditor shall enjoy complete independence in the conduct of his or her audits. Special rules applicable to the internal auditor shall be laid down by the Commission and shall be such as to guarantee that the internal auditor is completely independent in the performance of his or her duties, and to establish the internal auditor's responsibility. 2. The internal auditor may not be given any instructions nor be restricted in any way as regards the performance of the functions which, by virtue of his or her appointment, are assigned to him or her under the Financial Regulation. Article 30 Establishment of an internal audit capability 1. The governing board may establish with due regard to cost effectiveness and added value, an internal audit capability which shall perform its duties in compliance with the relevant international standards. The purpose, authority and responsibility of the internal audit capability shall be provided for in the internal audit charter and shall be subject to the approval of the governing board. The annual audit plan of an internal audit capability shall be drawn up by the Head of internal audit capability taking into consideration, inter alia, the director's assessment of risk in the PPP body. The annual audit plan shall be reviewed and approved by the governing board. The internal audit capability shall report to the governing board and the director on his or her findings and recommendations. If the internal audit capability of a single PPP body is not cost-effective or is not able to meet international standards, the PPP body may decide to share an internal audit capability with other PPP bodies functioning in the same policy area. In such cases the governing board of the concerned PPP bodies shall agree on the practical modalities of the shared internal audit capabilities. The internal audit actors shall cooperate efficiently through exchanging information and audit reports and, where appropriate, establishing joint risk assessments and carrying out joint audits. 2. The governing board and the director shall ensure the regular monitoring of the implementation of the internal audit capability's recommendations. CHAPTER 6 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OPERATIONS Article 31 Implementation of revenue 1. Implementation of revenue shall comprise drawing up estimates of amounts receivable, establishing entitlements to be recovered and recovering undue amounts. It shall also include the possibility of waiving established entitlements, where appropriate. 2. Amounts wrongly paid shall be recovered. If actual recovery has not taken place by the due date stipulated in the debit note, the accounting officer shall inform the authorising officer responsible and immediately launch the procedure for effecting recovery by any means offered by the law, including, where appropriate, by offsetting and, if this is not possible, by enforced recovery. Where the authorising officer responsible plans to waive or partially waive recovery of an established amount receivable, he or she shall ensure that the waiver is in order and is in accordance with the principles of sound financial management and proportionality. The waiver decision shall be substantiated. The waiver decision shall state that action has been taken to secure recovery and the points of law and fact on which it is based. The accounting officer shall keep a list of amounts due to be recovered. The PPP body's entitlements shall be grouped in the list according to the date of issue of the recovery order. The accounting officer shall also indicate decisions to waive or partially waive recovery of established amounts. The list shall be added to the PPP body's report on budgetary and financial management referred to in Article 53. 3. Any debt not repaid on the due date laid down in the debit note shall bear interest in accordance with Article 99 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046. 4. Entitlements of the PPP body in respect of third parties and entitlements of third parties in respect of the PPP body shall be subject to a limitation period of five years. Article 32 Members' contribution 1. The PPP body shall present to its members requests for payment of all or part of their contribution under terms and at intervals set out in the constituent act or agreed with them. 2. The funds paid to the PPP body by its members by way of a contribution shall bear interest for the benefit of the budget of the PPP body. 3. Members shall bear the costs of their contribution to the administrative costs of the PPP body. Beneficiaries of funding provided by the PPP body, who are not member or constituent entities of the members of the PPP body, shall not contribute to such costs directly or indirectly and in any form. In particular, such beneficiaries shall not be invited or requested to contribute to the administrative costs of the PPP body when participating to projects co-financed by the PPP body. Article 33 Implementation of expenditure 1. To implement expenditure, the authorising officer shall make budgetary commitments and legal commitments, shall validate expenditure and authorise payments and shall undertake the preliminary steps for the implementation of appropriations. 2. Every item of expenditure shall be committed, validated, authorised and paid. Validation of expenditure is the act whereby the authorising officer responsible confirms a financial operation. Authorisation of expenditure is the act by which the authorising officer responsible, having verified that the appropriations are available, instructs the accounting officer to pay the validated expenditure. 3. In respect of any measure which may give rise to expenditure chargeable to the budget of the PPP body, the authorising officer responsible shall make a budgetary commitment before entering into a legal commitment with third parties. 4. The annual work programme of the PPP body shall provide the authorisation by the governing board for the operational expenditure of the PPP body on the activities it covers, provided that the elements set out in this paragraph are clearly identified. The annual work programme shall comprise detailed objectives and expected results including performance indicators. It shall contain the following: (a) a description of the activities to be financed; (b) an indication of the amount allocated to each activities; (c) information on the overall strategy for the implementation of the programme entrusted to the PPP body; (d) a strategy for achieving efficiency gains and synergies; (e) a strategy for the organisational management and internal control systems including their anti-fraud strategy as last updated and an indication of measures to prevent recurrence of cases of conflict of interest, irregularities and fraud, in particular where weaknesses have led to critical recommendations reported under Article 23 or 28(6). The PPP body shall adopt its annual work programme for a particular year by the end of the previous year. The annual work programme shall be published on the website of the PPP body. Any substantial amendment to the annual work programme shall be adopted by the same procedure as the initial work programme, in accordance with the provisions of the constituent act. The governing board may delegate the power to make non-substantial amendments to the work programme to the authorising officer of the PPP body. Article 34 Time limits The payment of expenditure must be carried out within the time limits specified in and in accordance with Article 116 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046. CHAPTER 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BUDGET OF THE PPP BODY Article 35 Forms of the PPP body contributions 1. The PPP body contributions shall help achieve a Union policy objective and results specified and may take any of the following forms: (a) financing not linked to costs of the relevant operations based on: (i) the fulfilment of conditions set out in sector specific rules or Commission Decisions or; (ii) the achievement of results measures by reference to the previously set milestones or through performance indicators. (b) reimbursement of eligible costs actually incurred; (c) unit costs, which cover all or certain specific categories of eligible costs which are clearly identified in advance by reference to an amount per unit; (d) lump sums, which cover in global terms all or certain specific categories of eligible costs which are clearly identified in advance; (e) flat-rate financing, which covers specific categories of eligible costs, which are clearly identified in advance, by applying a percentage; (f) a combination of the forms referred to in points (a) to (e). The PPP bodies' contributions under point (a) of the first subparagraph shall be established in accordance with Article 181 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046, sector specific rules or a Commission decision. The PPP body contributions under points (c), (d) and (e) of the first subparagraph shall be established in accordance with Article 181 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 or sector specific rules. 2. When determining the appropriate form of a contribution, the potential recipients' interests and accounting methods shall be taken into account to the greatest extent possible. 3. The authorising officer responsible shall report on financing not linked to costs pursuant to points (a) and (f) of the first subparagraph of paragraph 1 in the consolidated annual activity report referred to in Article 23. Article 36 Cross-reliance on assessments Article 126 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply mutatis mutandis. Article 37 Cross-reliance on audits Article 127 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply. Article 38 Use of already available information Article 128 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply. Article 39 Cooperation for protection of the financial interests of the Union Article 129 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply mutatis mutandis. Article 40 Information to the Commission on cases of fraud and other financial irregularities 1. Without prejudice to its obligations pursuant to Article 8(1) of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 883/2013 and Article 24(1) of Council Regulation (EU) 2017/1939, the PPP body shall inform the Commission without delay on cases of presumed fraud and other financial irregularities. Moreover, it shall inform the Commission of any ongoing or completed investigations by the EPPO, the OLAF, and of any audits or controls by the Court of Auditors or the Internal Audit Service (IAS) without endangering the confidentiality of the investigations. 2. Where the Commission's responsibility to implement the Union's budget may be affected or in cases involving a potentially serious reputational risk for the Union, the EPPO and/or OLAF shall inform the Commission without delay of any ongoing or completed investigation, without endangering its confidentiality and effectiveness. Article 41 Early-detection and exclusion system Article 93 and Section 2 of Chapter 2 of Title V of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply. Article 42 Rules on procedures, management and e-government Section 1 and section 3 of Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 of Title V of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply mutatis mutandis. Article 43 Procurement 1. As regards procurement, Title VII of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply subject to paragraphs 2 to 5 of this Article and any specific provisions of the constituent act or the basic act of the programme the implementation of which is entrusted to the PPP body. 2. For contracts with a value between EUR 60 000 and the thresholds laid down in Article 175 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 the procedures set out in Section 2 of Chapter 1 Annex I to Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 for contracts with a value not exceeding EUR 60 000 may be used. 3. The PPP body may be associated, at its request, as contracting authority, in the award of Commission or inter institutional contracts and with the award of contracts of other Union or PPP bodies. 4. The PPP body may conclude service-level agreements as referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 20, without having recourse to a public procurement procedure. The PPP body may conclude a contract, without having recourse to a public procurement procedure, with its members other than the Union for the supply of goods, provision of services or performance of work that those members directly provide without having recourse to third parties. The goods, services or work provided under the first and second subparagraph shall not be considered part of the contribution of the members to the budget of the PPP body. 5. The PPP body may use joint procurement procedures with contracting authorities of the host Member State to cover its administrative needs or with contracting authorities of Member States, the European Free Trade Association States or Union candidate countries which participate in it as members. In such cases, Article 165 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply mutatis mutandis. The PPP body may use joint procurement procedures with its private members or with contracting authorities of countries participating in Union programmes which participate in it as members. In such cases, Article 165 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply mutatis mutandis. Article 44 Experts 1. Article 237 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply mutatis mutandis for the selection of experts subject to any specific procedure laid down in the basic act of the programme the implementation of which is entrusted to the PPP body. The PPP body may use the lists drawn up by the Commission or by other Union or PPP bodies. The PPP body may, if deemed appropriate and in duly justified cases, select any individual with the appropriate skills from outside the lists. 2. Article 238 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply mutatis mutandis to non-remunerated experts. Article 45 Grants 1. As regards grants, Title VIII of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply subject to any specific provisions of the constituent act or of the basic act of the programme the implementation of which is entrusted to the PPP body. 2. The PPP body shall use the relevant lump sums, unit costs or flat rate financing authorised in accordance with Article 181(3) of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 by a decision of the Commission authorising officer responsible for the programme the implementation of which is entrusted to the PPP body. In the absence of such decision, the PPP body may submit a proposal for adoption to the Commission authorising officer responsible accompanied with a detailed justification to substantiate its proposal. The proposed decision shall comply with Article 181(3) of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046. The Commission authorising officer responsible shall notify the PPP body of its decision to adopt or reject its proposal and the reasons thereof. The Commission authorising officer responsible may adopt the proposed decision with modifications to ensure compliance with Article 181(3) of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046. Article 46 Prizes 1. As regards prizes, the provisions of Title IX of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply subject to paragraph 2 of this Article and to any specific provisions of the constituent act or of the basic act of the programme the implementation of which is entrusted to the PPP body. 2. Contests for prizes with a unit value of EUR 1 000 000 or more may only be published if they are mentioned in the annual work programme referred to in Article 33(4) and after information on such prizes has been submitted to the Commission, which shall proceed to the information of the European Parliament and Council in accordance with Article 206(2) of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046. CHAPTER 8 ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORK Article 47 Accounting rules The PPP body shall set up an accounting system providing accurate, complete and reliable information in a timely manner. The accounting officer of the PPP body shall apply the rules adopted by the accounting officer of the Commission based on internationally accepted accounting standards for the public sector. For the purposes of the first paragraph of this Article, Articles 80 to 84 and 87 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply. Articles 85 and 86 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall apply mutatis mutandis. Article 48 Structure of the accounts The annual accounts of the PPP body shall be prepared for each financial year which shall run from 1 January to 31 December. Those accounts shall be comprised of: (a) the financial statements of the PPP body; (b) the budget implementation reports of the budget of the PPP body. Article 49 Supporting documents Each entry into the accounts shall be based on appropriate supporting documents in accordance with Article 20(5) of this Regulation. Article 50 Financial statements 1. The financial statements shall be presented in euro in accordance with the accounting rules referred to in Article 47 of this Regulation and shall comprise: (a) the balance sheet which represent all assets and liabilities and the financial situation prevailing on 31 December of the preceding financial year; (b) the statement of financial performance, which presents the economic result for the preceding financial year; (c) the cash-flow statement showing amounts collected and disbursed during the financial year and the final treasury position; (d) the statement of changes in net assets presenting an overview of the movements during the year in reserves and accumulated results. 2. The financial statements shall present information, including information on accounting policies, in a manner that ensures it is relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable. 3. The notes to the financial statements shall supplement and comment on the information presented in the statements referred to in paragraph 1 and shall supply all the additional information prescribed by the accounting rules referred to in Article 47 of this Regulation and the internationally accepted accounting practice where such information is relevant to the PPP body's activities. The notes shall contain at least the following information: (a) accounting principles, rules and methods; (b) explanatory notes, supplying additional information not contained in the body of the financial statements, which is necessary for a fair presentation of the accounts. 4. The accounting officer shall, after the close of the financial year and up to the date of transmission of the general accounts, make any adjustments which, without involving disbursement or collection in respect of that year, are necessary for a true and fair view of those accounts. Article 51 Budget implementation reports 1. The budget implementation reports shall be presented in euro and shall be comparable year by year. They shall consist of: (a) reports which aggregate all budgetary operations for the year in terms of revenue and expenditure; (b) explanatory notes, which shall supplement and comment on the information given in the reports. 2. The structure of the budget implementation reports shall be the same as that of the budget of the PPP body itself. 3. The budget implementation reports shall contain: (a) information on revenue, in particular, changes in the revenue estimates, the revenue outturn and entitlements established; (b) information showing changes in the total commitment and payment appropriations available; (c) information showing the use made of the total commitment and payment appropriations available; (d) information showing commitments outstanding, those carried over from the preceding financial year and those made during the financial year. Article 52 Provisional accounts and final accounts 1. The accounting officer of the PPP body shall send the provisional accounts to the accounting officer of the Commission and to the Court of Auditors by 1 March of the following year. The accounting officer of the PPP body shall also provide by 1 March of the following year the required accounting information for consolidation purposes to the accounting officer of the Commission, in the manner and format laid down by the latter. 2. In accordance with Article 246(1) of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046, the Court of Auditors shall, by 1 June, make its observations on the provisional accounts of the PPP body. 3. The accounting officer of the PPP body shall provide, by 15 June, the required accounting information to the accounting officer of the Commission, in the manner and format laid down by the Commission, with a view to drawing up the final consolidated accounts. On receiving the Court of Auditor's observations on the provisional accounts of the PPP body, the accounting officer shall draw up the final accounts of the PPP body. The director shall send the final accounts to the governing board which shall issue an opinion on these accounts. The director shall send the final accounts, together with the opinion of the governing board, to the accounting officer of the Commission, the Court of Auditors, the European Parliament and the Council, by 1 July of the following financial year. The accounting officer of the PPP body shall also send to the Court of Auditors, with a copy to the accounting officer of the Commission, a representation letter covering those final accounts. The representation letter shall be established at the same date at which the final accounts of the PPP body are drawn up. The final accounts shall be accompanied by a note drawn up by the accounting officer in which the latter declares that the final accounts were prepared in accordance with this chapter and with the applicable accounting principles, rules and methods. A link to the pages of the website where the final accounts of the PPP body are disclosed shall be published in the Official Journal of the European Union by 15 November of the following year. The director of the PPP body shall send to the Court of Auditors a reply to the observations made in the Court of Auditors annual report by 30 September of the following financial year at the latest. The replies of the director shall be sent to the Commission at the same time. Article 53 Annual report on budgetary and financial management 1. The PPP body shall prepare a report on budgetary and financial management for the financial year. This report shall give an account, both in absolute terms and expressed as a percentage, at least, of the rate of implementation of appropriations together with summary information on the transfers of appropriations among the various budget items. 2. The director shall send the report on budgetary and financial management to the European Parliament, the Council, the Commission and the Court of Auditors by 31 March of the following financial year. CHAPTER 9 EXTERNAL AUDIT, DISCHARGE AND COMBATTING FRAUD Article 54 External audit 1. An independent external auditor shall verify that the annual accounts of the PPP body properly present the income, expenditure and financial position of the PPP body prior to the possible consolidation in the final accounts of the Commission. Unless otherwise provided for in the constituent act, the Court of Auditors shall prepare a specific annual report on the PPP body in line with the requirements of Article 287(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. In preparing that report, the Court of Auditors shall consider the audit work performed by the independent external auditor referred to in the first subparagraph and the action taken in response to the external auditor's findings. 2. The PPP body shall send to the Court of Auditors the budget of the PPP body, as finally adopted. It shall inform the Court of Auditors, as soon as possible, of all decisions and acts adopted pursuant to Articles 6, 8 and 12. 3. The scrutiny carried out by the Court of Auditors shall be governed by Articles 254 to 259 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046. Article 55 Timetable of the discharge procedure 1. The European Parliament, upon a recommendation from the Council, shall, before 15 May of year N+2 except where otherwise provided in the constituent act, give a discharge to the director in respect of the implementation of the budget for year N. The director shall inform the governing board of the observations of the European Parliament contained in the resolution accompanying the discharge decision. 2. If the time limit laid down in paragraph 1 cannot be met, the European Parliament or the Council shall inform the director of the reasons for the postponement. 3. If the European Parliament postpones the decision giving a discharge, the director, in cooperation with the governing board, shall make every effort to take measures as soon as possible to remove or facilitate removal of the obstacles to that decision. Article 56 The discharge procedure 1. The discharge decision shall cover the accounts of all the revenue and expenditure of the PPP body, the budget result and the assets and liabilities of the PPP body shown in the financial statement. 2. With a view to granting the discharge, the European Parliament shall, after the Council has done so, examine the accounts and financial statements of the PPP body. It shall also examine the annual report drawn up by the Court of Auditors, together with the replies of the director of the PPP body, any relevant special reports by the Court of Auditors in respect of the financial year concerned and the Court of Auditors' statement of assurance as to the reliability of the accounts and the legality and regularity of the underlying transactions. 3. The director shall submit to the European Parliament, at its request, in the same manner as provided for in Article 261(3) of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 any information required for the smooth application of the discharge procedure for the financial year concerned. Article 57 Follow-up measures 1. The director shall take all appropriate steps to act on the observations accompanying the European Parliament's discharge decision and on the comments accompanying the recommendation for discharge adopted by the Council. 2. At the request of the European Parliament or the Council, the director shall report on the measures taken in the light of the observations and comments referred to paragraph 1. The director shall send a copy thereof to the Commission and the Court of Auditors. Article 58 On-the-spot checks by the Commission, the Court of Auditors and OLAF 1. The PPP body shall grant Commission staff and other persons authorised by the Commission, as well as the Court of Auditors, access to its sites and premises and to all the information, including information in electronic format, needed in order to conduct their audits. 2. OLAF may carry out investigations, including on-the-spot checks and inspections, in accordance with the provisions and procedures laid down in Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 883/2013 and Council Regulation (Euratom, EC) No 2185/96 (12) with a view to establishing whether there has been fraud, corruption or any other illegal activity affecting the financial interests of the Union. CHAPTER 10 FINAL AND TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS Article 59 Information requests The Commission and the members of the PPP body other than the Union may request any necessary information or explanations from the PPP body regarding budgetary matters within their fields of competence. Article 60 Adoption of the PPP body's financial rules 1. Without prejudice to paragraph 2, each PPP body referred to in Article 71 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 shall adopt new financial rules within nine months of the date on which the PPP body falls within the scope of Article 71 of that Regulation. 2. Each PPP body referred to in Article 71 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 which has already adopted its financial rules in accordance with Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 shall revise them to ensure compliance with this Regulation. The revised financial rules shall enter into force at the latest by 1 September 2019. Article 61 Repeal 1. Delegated Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 110/2014 is repealed with effect from the date of entry into force of this Regulation. However, Articles 20 and 31(4) of that Regulation shall continue to apply until 31 December 2019. 2. References to the repealed Regulation shall be construed as references to this Regulation and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table in Annex. Article 62 Entry into force This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. It shall apply from this date. However, Articles 23 and 33(4) shall apply from 1 January 2020, with the exception of Article 33(4)c), which shall apply from 1 January 2021. This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. Done at Brussels, 13 March 2019. For the Commission The President Jean-Claude JUNCKER (1) OJ L 193, 30.7.2018, p. 1. (2) Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 110/2014 of 30 September 2013 on the model financial regulation for public-private partnership bodies referred to in Article 209 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 38, 7.2.2014, p. 2-15). (3) Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 and repealing Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1605/2002 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union (OJ L 298, 26.10.2012, p. 1). (4) Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2015/1929 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 October 2015 amending Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union (OJ L 286, 30.10.2015, p. 1). (5) Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/2461 of 30 October 2015 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) No 110/2014 on the model financial regulation for public-private partnership bodies referred to in Article 209 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 342, 29.12.2015, p. 1-6). (6) Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/715 of 18 December 2018 on the framework financial regulation for the bodies set up under the TFEU and Euratom Treaty and referred to in Article 70 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 122, 10.5.2019, p. 1). (7) Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 1268/2012 of 29 October 2012 on the rules of application of Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union (OJ L 362, 31.12.2012, p. 1). (8) Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 883/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 September 2013 concerning investigations conducted by the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1073/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (Euratom) No 1074/1999 (OJ L 248, 18.9.2013, p. 1). (9) Council Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 of 12 October 2017 implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor's Office (‘the EPPO’) (OJ L 283, 31.10.2017, p. 1-71). (10) Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 and Decision No 1247/2002/EC (OJ L 295, 21.11.2018, p. 39). (11) Regulation (EEC, Euratom, ECSC) No 259/68 of the Council of 29 February 1968 laying down the Staff Regulations of Officials and the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants of the European Communities and instituting special measures temporarily applicable to officials of the Commission (OJ L 56, 4.3.1968, p. 1). (12) Council Regulation (Euratom, EC) No 2185/96 of 11 November 1996 concerning on-the-spot checks and inspections carried out by the Commission in order to protect the European Communities' financial interests against fraud and other irregularities (OJ L 292, 15.11.1996, p. 2). ANNEX Correlation table Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 110/2014 This Regulation Article 1 Article 1 Article 2 Article 2 Article 3 Article 3 Article 4 Article 4 Article 5 Article 5 Article 6 Article 6 Article 7 Article 8 Article 8 Article 9 Article 9 Article 10 Article 10 Article 12 Article 11 Article 13 Article 12 Article 14 Article 13 Article 15 Article 14 Article 16 Article 15 Article 17 Article 16 Article 19 Article 17 Article 20 Article 18 Article 21 Article 19 Article 22 Article 20 Article 23 Article 21 Article 24 Article 22 Article 25 Article 23 Article 26 Article 24 Article 27 Article 25 Article 18 Article 26 Article 28 Article 27 Article 29 Article 28 Article 30 Article 29 Article 31 Article 30 Article 32 Article 31 Article 33 Article 32 Article 34 Article 33 Article 43 Article 34 Article 44 Article 35 Article 45 Article 36 Article 46 Article 37 Article 42 Article 38 Article 47 Article 39 Articles 48 and 53 Article 40 Articles 47 and 50 Article 41 Article 50 Article 42 Article 51 Article 43 Article 52 Article 44 Article 47 Article 45 Article 47 Article 46 Article 54 Article 47 Article 55 Article 47a Article 56 Article 47b Article 57 Article 48 Article 58 Article 49 Article 59 Article 50 Article 60 Article 51 Article 62

Summary: Model financial regulation for public–private partnership bodies Model financial regulation for public–private partnership bodies SUMMARY OF: Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/887 on the model financial regulation for public-private partnership bodies referred to in Article 71 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 WHAT IS THE AIM OF THE REGULATION? It lays down the essential principles and rules that public–private partnership bodies (PPP bodies)* covered by Article 71 of the financial regulation (see summary) must respect when adopting their own specific financial arrangements. The purpose of the delegated regulation is to ensure sound financial management of European Union (EU) funds given to these bodies. Each PPP body adopts its own financial rules in line with the delegated regulation. PPP bodies may only depart from its rules, because of their specific needs, with the prior consent of the European Commission. KEY POINTS The PPP body’s annual budget must forecast and authorise all revenue and expenditure. This covers: members’ financial contributions to administrative and operational costs; revenue earmarked for specific expenditure; revenue the PPP body generates; expenditure, including on administration. The PPP body must respect the following budgetary principles. Unity and budgetary accuracy All revenue and expenditure must be booked to a budget line. No expenditure can be greater than the amount authorised in the budget. Annuality The budget’s financial year runs from 1 January to 31 December. Commitment appropriations* cover the total costs legally entered into during the financial year. Payment appropriations* cover expenditure to honour the legal commitments made in the current or preceding financial years. Equilibrium Revenue and payment appropriations must be in balance. The PPP may not raise loans within its budget. Unit of account The budget is drawn up and implemented in euro. The accounting officer, for cash-flow purposes, may operate in other currencies. Universality Total revenue must cover total payments. Revenue that has been earmarked for a particular purpose, such as income from foundations, subsidies, gifts and bequests, must be used for that specific purpose. Specification Appropriations are earmarked for specific purposes by title and chapter. The director may transfer appropriations from one budget line and chapter to another, subject to certain conditions. Sound financial management and performance Payments must respect the principles of economy, efficiency and effectiveness. Payments focus on performance, based on objectives and indicators to measure progress made. Internal control of budget implementation Applies at all management levels. Aims to achieve reasonable assurance of: effectiveness, efficiency and economy of operations;reliability of reporting;safeguarding of assets and information;prevention, detection, correction and follow-up of fraud and irregularities;adequate management of risks of underlying transactions. Transparency The PPP body must publish its budget, recipients of payments and other relevant information on its website, in an easily accessible, transparent and comprehensive way. As regards conflicts of interest, the PPP body publishes the declaration of interest of the governing board members on its website every year. Financial planning requires: the PPP body to send the Commission and other members a detailed estimate of the following year’s revenue and expenditure and draft annual work programme no later than 31 January; the PPP body’s governing board to adopt the PPP body’s budget and staff establishment plan. The regulation makes the following statements. The duties of the authorising officer and the accounting officer are segregated and mutually exclusive. The director performs the authorising officer’s duties. These include: respecting the PPP body’s financial rules and the principle of sound financial management;applying checks before and possibly after payments are made;reporting annually to the governing board by submitting a consolidated annual activity report;acting, when necessary, to protect the EU’s financial interests. The governing board appoints an accounting officer responsible for: properly implementing payments, collecting revenue and recovering amounts due;keeping, preparing and presenting the accounts;implementing the accounting rules and the chart of accounts;laying down and validating the accounting systems;managing the treasury. Authorising and accounting officers, members of the governing board and others involved in implementing and managing the budget must avoid any conflicts of interest. PPP bodies must have an internal audit function. The Commission’s internal auditor carries out this role by: advising on risks, the quality of management and control systems and possible improvements; enjoying complete independence in their work. Revenue and expenditure operations require: revenue: drawing up estimates of amounts receivable, establishing entitlements to be recovered and recovering undue amounts; expenditure: every item being committed, validated, authorised and paid. The PPP body’s financial contributions must help achieve an EU policy objective with specific results. They can range from reimbursement of eligible costs to flat-rate financing. The PPP body must inform the Commission of cases of presumed fraud or other financial irregularities without delay. Accounting rules require the PPP body to: set up an accounting system providing accurate, complete and reliable information in a timely manner; follow standard procedures when providing supporting documents, financial statements, budget implementation reports, provisional and final accounts and an annual report on budgetary and financial management. An independent external auditor verifies the PPP body’s annual accounts, and the European Parliament is responsible for approving how the budget was implemented (the ‘discharge procedure’). Commission staff and the Court of Auditors have access to the PPP body’s sites and premises to carry out audits, and the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) may conduct investigations, on-the-spot checks and inspections. FROM WHEN DOES THE REGULATION APPLY? It has applied since 30 May 2019, apart from the rules on the consolidated activity report (Article 23) and annual work programme (Article 33(4)) which have applied since 1 January 2021. BACKGROUND For more information, see: Financial regulation applicable to the general budget of the Union — publication (European Commission) Guidance on the avoidance and management of conflicts of interest under the financial regulation — notice (European Commission). KEY TERMS Public–private partnership bodies. Bodies with legal personality set up by a basic act and entrusted with the implementation of a public–private partnership on research and innovation activities and other programmes of the EU, as referred to in Article 71 of the financial regulation. These bodies harness both the public and private sectors to provide goods and services normally supplied by the former. They place various responsibilities and risks on the private partner, while easing stringent budgetary constraints on public expenditure.They can be structured in different ways to achieve a wide range of objectives in sectors such as transport or health. Commitment appropriations. Pledges to pay, provided certain conditions are fulfilled. Payment appropriations. Expenditure from commitments in the current, or preceding, financial years. MAIN DOCUMENT Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/887 of 13 March 2019 on the model financial regulation for public–private partnership bodies referred to in Article 71 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 142, 29.5.2019, pp. 16–42). RELATED DOCUMENTS Commission Notice — Guidance on the avoidance and management of conflicts of interest under the Financial Regulation (OJ C 121, 9.4.2021, pp. 1–43). Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 July 2018 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union, amending Regulations (EU) No 1296/2013, (EU) No 1301/2013, (EU) No 1303/2013, (EU) No 1304/2013, (EU) No 1309/2013, (EU) No 1316/2013, (EU) No 223/2014, (EU) No 283/2014, and Decision No 541/2014/EU and repealing Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 (OJ L 193, 30.7.2018, pp. 1–222). last update 05.11.2021