 Cadmium exposure is a risk factor associated with a large number of illnesses including kidney disease , early atherosclerosis , hypertension , and cardiovascular diseases . Although studies show a significant correlation between cadmium exposure and occurrence of disease in human populations , a necessary molecular mechanism has not been identified . One hypothesis holds that cadmium is an endocrine disruptor and some experimental studies have shown that it can interact with different hormonal signaling pathways . For example , cadmium can bind to the estrogen receptor alpha , and affect signal transduction along the estrogen and MAPK signaling pathways at low doses . 
 Cadmium exposure <a href='drop_aux' title='1'><mark>is</mark></a>a risk factor associated with a large number of illnesses including kidney disease , early atherosclerosis , hypertension , and cardiovascular diseases . Although studies show a significant correlation between cadmium exposure and occurrence of disease in human populations , a necessary molecular mechanism <a href='been_done' title='2'><mark>has</mark></a> not been identified . One hypothesis <a href='uninflect' title='3'><mark>holds</mark></a> that cadmium is an endocrine disruptor and some experimental studies <a href='been_done' title='4'><mark>have</mark></a> shown that it can interact with different hormonal signaling pathways . For example , cadmium can bind to the estrogen receptor alpha , and affect signal transduction along the estrogen and MAPK signaling pathways at low doses . 
Cadmium exposure a risk factor associated with a large number of illnesses including kidney disease , early atherosclerosis , hypertension , and cardiovascular diseases . Although studies show a significant correlation between cadmium exposure and occurrence of disease in human populations , a necessary molecular mechanism done not been identified . One hypothesis hold dat cadmium is an endocrine disruptor and sum experimental studies done shown that it can interact with diff hormonal signaling pathways . fa example , cadmium can bind to the estrogen receptor alpha , and affect signal transduction along da estrogen and MAPK signaling pathways at low doses .