 Regardless of the titles , Odaenathus controlled the Roman East with the approval of Gallienus who could do little but to formalize Odaenathus self achieved status and settle for his formal loyalty . Palmyra itself , although officially still part of the Roman empire , became a de facto allied state to Rome instead of a provincial city . Outside of Palmyra , Odaenathus ' authority extended from the Pontic coast in the north to Palestine in the south . This area included the Roman provinces of Syria , Phoenice , Palaestina , Arabia , Anatolia 's eastern regions and later ( following the campaign of 262 ) Osroene and Mesopotamia . 
 Regardless of the titles , Odaenathus controlled the Roman East with the approval of Gallienus <a href='null_relcl' title='1'><mark>who</mark></a>could do little but to formalize Odaenathus self achieved status and settle for his formal loyalty . Palmyra itself , although officially still part of the Roman empire , became a de facto allied state to Rome instead of a provincial city . Outside of Palmyra , Odaenathus <a href='null_genetive' title='2'><mark>'</mark></a>authority extended from the Pontic coast in the north to Palestine in the south . This area included the Roman provinces of Syria , Phoenice , Palaestina , Arabia , Anatolia <a href='null_genetive' title='3'><mark>'s</mark></a>eastern regions and later ( following the campaign of 262 ) Osroene and Mesopotamia . 
Regardless of da titles , Odaenathus controlled the Roman East wid the approval of Gallienus could do lil but to formalize Odaenathus self achieved status and settle for his formal loyalty . Palmyra itself , although officially still part of the Roman empire , became a de facto allied state to Rome instead of a provincial city . Outside of Palmyra , Odaenathus  authority extended from tdaPontic coast in the north to Palestine in the south . This area included thdaoman provinces of Syria , Phoenice , Palaestina , Arabia , Anatolia  eastern regions and later ( following the campaign of 262 ) Osroene and Mesopotamia .