 As early as the 240s , Odaenathus inflated the Palmyrene army , recruiting the desert nomads and increasing the numbers of the Palmyrene heavy cavalry units ( clibanarii ) . In 252 , Persian emperor Shapur I started a full @-@ scale invasion of the Roman provinces in the east . During the second campaign of the invasion , Shapur conquered Antioch and headed south where his advance was checked in 253 by Emesa 's priest king Uranius Antoninus . The events of 253 were mentioned in the works of the sixth century historian John Malalas who also mentioned a leader by the name " Enathus " inflicting a defeat upon the retreating Shapur near the Euphrates . " Enathus " is probably identical with Odaenathus , and while Malalas ' account indicate that Odaenathus defeated the Persians in 253 , there is no proof that the Palmyrene leader engaged Shapur before 260 and Malalas ' account seems to be confusing Odaenathus ' future actions during 260 with the events of 253 . 
 As early as the 240s , Odaenathus inflated the Palmyrene army , recruiting the desert nomads and increasing the numbers of the Palmyrene heavy cavalry units ( clibanarii ) . In 252 , Persian emperor Shapur I<a href='been_done' title='1'><mark></mark></a> started a full @-@ scale invasion of the Roman provinces in the east . During the second campaign of the invasion , Shapur conquered Antioch and headed south where his advance was checked in 253 by Emesa <a href='null_genetive' title='2'><mark>'s</mark></a>priest king Uranius Antoninus . The events of 253 <a href='uninflect' title='3'><mark>were</mark></a> mentioned in the works of the sixth century historian John Malalas <a href='null_relcl' title='4'><mark>who</mark></a>also mentioned a leader by the name " Enathus " inflicting a defeat upon the retreating Shapur near the Euphrates . " Enathus " <a href='drop_aux' title='5'><mark>is</mark></a>probably identical with Odaenathus , and while Malalas <a href='null_genetive' title='6'><mark>'</mark></a>account indicate that Odaenathus defeated the Persians in 253 , <a href='dey_it' title='7'><mark>there</mark></a> is no proof that the Palmyrene leader engaged Shapur before 260 and Malalas <a href='null_genetive' title='8'><mark>'</mark></a>account <a href='uninflect' title='9'><mark>seems</mark></a> to be confusing Odaenathus <a href='null_genetive' title='10'><mark>'</mark></a>future actions during 260 with the events of 253 . 
As early as the 240s , Odaenathus inflated da Palmyrene army , recruiting the desert nomads and increasing tdanumbers of the Palmyrene heavy cavalry units ( clibanarii ) . In 252 , Persian emperor Shapur I done started a full @-@ scale invasion of the Roman provinces in the east . During thdaecond campaign of the invasion , Shapur conquered Antioch and headed south where his advance was checked in 253 by Emesa  priest king Uranius Antoninus . Thedaents of 253 was mentioned in the works of the sixth century historian John Malalas also mentioned a leader by the dae " Enathus " inflicting a defeat upon the retreating Shapur near the Edarates . " Enathus " def identical with Odaenathus , and while Malalas  account indicate dat Odaenathus defeated the Persians in 253 , it ain't no proof tdatthe Palmyrene leader engaged Shapur before 260 and Malalas  account seem to be confusing Odaenathus  future actions durin 260 w the events of 253 .