 In their native habitat , all Amylostereum species have a minor importance as forest pests . The infestation through wood wasps does not assume greater dimensions and is , compared with other pests , almost insignificant . The infection rates are even lower during sexual reproduction via fruit bodies , as the wasps do not play a part in the process . Furthermore , the Amylostereum fungi are alone often incapable of infesting healthy trees . They thus mostly act as saprobiontics . Pine monocultures in Australia , New Zealand , Africa and South America were shown to be susceptible to the Sirex woodwasp ( Sirex noctilio ) , which was introduced there and which is associated with A. areolatum . The wasp 's phytotoxic secretion , its larvae and the fungus combine very effectively with each other and contribute to forest decline rates of up to 80 % . This is mainly owing to the poor water and nutrient supply of the trees , which can poorly reconcile the drought stress caused by infestation . S. noctilio was detected in North America in the 2000s ( decade ) ; in Canada alone , the total economic loss to the forestry industry caused by the Sirex – Amylostereum symbiosis could be as high as $ 254 million per year for the next 20 years . 
 In their native habitat , all Amylostereum species <a href='got' title='1'><mark>have</mark></a> a minor importance as forest pests . The infestation through wood wasps <a href='uninflect' title='2'><mark>does</mark></a> not assume greater dimensions and <a href='drop_aux' title='3'><mark>is</mark></a>, compared with other pests , almost insignificant . The infection rates <a href='drop_aux' title='4'><mark>are</mark></a>even lower during sexual reproduction via fruit bodies , as the wasps do not play <a href='None' title='5'><mark>a</mark></a><a href='negative_concord' title='6'><mark>part</mark></a> in <a href='None' title='7'><mark>the</mark></a><a href='negative_concord' title='8'><mark>process</mark></a> . Furthermore , the Amylostereum fungi <a href='drop_aux' title='9'><mark>are</mark></a>alone often incapable of infesting healthy trees . They thus mostly act as saprobiontics . Pine monocultures in Australia , New Zealand , Africa and South America <a href='uninflect' title='10'><mark>were</mark></a> shown to be susceptible to the Sirex woodwasp ( Sirex noctilio ) , which was introduced there and which is associated with A. areolatum . The wasp <a href='null_genetive' title='11'><mark>'s</mark></a>phytotoxic secretion , its larvae and the fungus combine very effectively with each other and contribute to forest decline rates of up to 80 % . This is mainly owing to the poor water and nutrient supply of the trees , which can poorly reconcile the drought stress caused by infestation . S. noctilio was detected in North America in the 2000s ( decade ) ; in Canada alone , the total economic loss to the forestry industry caused by the Sirex – Amylostereum symbiosis could be as high as $ 254 million per year for the next 20 years . 
In their native habitat , all Amylostereum species got a minor importance as forest pests . The infestation through wood wasps do not assume greater dimensions and , compared with other pests , almost insignificant . The infection rates even lower durin sexual reproduction via fruit bodies , as da wasps do not play no part in no process . Furthermore , the Amylostereum fungi alone often incapable of infesting healthy trees . They thus mostly act as saprobiontics . Pine monocultures in Australia , New Zealand , Africa and South America was shown to be susceptible to tdaSirex woodwasp ( Sirex noctilio ) , which was introduced there and which is associated with A. areolatum . Thdaasp  phytotoxic secretion , its larvae and the fungus combine very effectively w each other and contribute to forest decline rates of up to 80 % . This is mainly owing to the poor water and nutrient supply of thedaees , which can poorly reconcile the drought stress caused by infestation . S. noctilio was detected in North America in the 2000s ( decade ) ; in Canada alone , the total economic loss to the forestry industry caused by the Sirex – Amylostereum symbiosis could be as high as $ 254 million per year fa the dat 20 years .