 With the censorship of Polish theater ( and the virtual end of the Polish radio and film industry ) , underground theaters were created , primarily in Warsaw and Kraków , with shows presented in various underground venues . Beginning in 1940 the theaters were coordinated by the Secret Theatrical Council . Four large companies and more than 40 smaller groups were active throughout the war , even in the Gestapo 's Pawiak prison in Warsaw and in Auschwitz ; underground acting schools were also created . Underground actors , many of whom officially worked mundane jobs , included Karol Adwentowicz , Elżbieta Barszczewska , Henryk Borowski , Wojciech Brydziński , Władysław Hańcza , Stefan Jaracz , Tadeusz Kantor , Mieczysław Kotlarczyk , Bohdan Korzeniowski , Jan Kreczmar , Adam Mularczyk , Andrzej Pronaszko , Leon Schiller , Arnold Szyfman , Stanisława Umińska , Edmund Wierciński , Maria Wiercińska , Karol Wojtyła ( who later became Pope John Paul II ) , Marian Wyrzykowski , Jerzy Zawieyski and others . Theater was also active in the Jewish ghettos and in the camps for Polish war prisoners . 
 With the censorship of Polish theater ( and the virtual end of the Polish radio and film industry ) , underground theaters <a href='uninflect' title='1'><mark>were</mark></a> created , primarily in Warsaw and Kraków , with shows presented in various underground venues . Beginning in 1940 the theaters <a href='uninflect' title='2'><mark>were</mark></a> coordinated by the Secret Theatrical Council . Four large companies and more than 40 smaller groups <a href='uninflect' title='3'><mark>were</mark></a> active throughout the war , even in the Gestapo <a href='null_genetive' title='4'><mark>'s</mark></a>Pawiak prison in Warsaw and in Auschwitz ; underground acting schools <a href='uninflect' title='5'><mark>were</mark></a> also created . Underground actors , many of whom officially worked mundane jobs , included Karol Adwentowicz , Elżbieta Barszczewska , Henryk Borowski , Wojciech Brydziński , Władysław Hańcza , Stefan Jaracz , Tadeusz Kantor , Mieczysław Kotlarczyk , Bohdan Korzeniowski , Jan Kreczmar , Adam Mularczyk , Andrzej Pronaszko , Leon Schiller , Arnold Szyfman , Stanisława Umińska , Edmund Wierciński , Maria Wiercińska , Karol Wojtyła ( who later became Pope John Paul II ) , Marian Wyrzykowski , Jerzy Zawieyski and others . Theater was also active in the Jewish ghettos and in the camps for Polish war prisoners . 
With the censorship of Polish theater ( and the virtual end of the Polish radio and film industry ) , underground theaters was created , primarily in Warsaw and Kraków , with shows presented in various underground venues . Beginning in 1940 the theaters was coordinated by da Secret Theatrical Council . Four bigass companies and more than 40 smaller groups was active throughout the war , even in tdaGestapo  Pawiak prison in Warsaw and in Auschwitz ; underground actin schools was also created . Underground actors , many of whom officially worked mundane jobs , included Karol Adwentowicz , Elżbieta Barszczewska , Henryk Borowski , Wojciech Brydziński , Władysław Hańcza , Stefan Jaracz , Tadeusz Kantor , Mieczysław Kotlarczyk , Bohdan Korzeniowski , Jan Kreczmar , Adam Mularczyk , Andrzej Pronaszko , Leon Schiller , Arnold Szyfman , Stanisława Umińska , Edmund Wierciński , Maria Wiercińska , Karol Wojtyła ( who later became Pope John Paul II ) , Marian Wyrzykowski , Jerzy Zawieyski and others . Theater was also active in thdaewish ghettos and in the camps fir Polish war prisoners .