---
license: gpl-2.0
configs:
  - config_name: freMTPL2freq
    data_files: freMTPL2freq.csv
  - config_name: freMTPL2sev
    data_files: freMTPL2sev.csv
task_categories:
- tabular-regression
tags:
- finance
pretty_name: French Motor Third-Party Liability Insurance Policies and Claims
size_categories:
- 100K<n<1M
language:
- en
---

# `freMTPL2` Dataset

This dataset is a mirror of the freMTPL2 frequency and severity datasets, originally published by Arthur Charpentier to accompany his textbook [*Computational Actuarial Science with R*](https://www.routledge.com/Computational-Actuarial-Science-with-R/Charpentier/p/book/9781138033788).

The freMTPL2 dataset contains data on Third-Party Liability (TPL) Motor insurance policies issued in France, along with claims filed against those policies, observed over a duration of just over a year.

These observations are organized into two separate CSV files:
1. `freMTPL2freq.csv`: a 'Frequency' dataset that stores the risk attributes of the observed insurance policies.
2. `freMTPL2sev.csv`: a 'Severity' dataset that records monetary loss of each claim made against one of the policies in `freMTPL2freq.csv`.

For further details on the `freMTPL2` dataset, please consult [Page 71 of the `CASdatasets` R package documentation](https://cas.uqam.ca/pub/web/CASdatasets-manual.pdf#page=71).

Both `freMTPL2freq.csv` and `freMTPL2sev.csv` in this HuggingFace dataset were sourced from the [karansarpal/freMTPL2-french-motor-tpl-insurance-claims Kaggle dataset](https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/karansarpal/freMTPL2-french-motor-tpl-insurance-claims).

## `freMTPL2freq.csv` Description

This file contains data on 678,013 TPL motor insurance policies. Each row represents a single policy and contains the following columns:
- `IDpol` (`int`): Policy ID number; uniquely identifies each row in `freMTPL2freq.csv`.
- `ClaimNb` (`int`): Total number of TPL motor claims made against the policy.
- `Exposure` (`float`): Duration (in years) the policy was observed.
- `VehPower` (`int`): Vehicle power encoded as an ordinal integer (higher values indicate more powerful vehicles).
- `VehAge` (`int`): Age of the vehicle in years (integer part only).
- `DrivAge` (`int`): Driver's age in years (integer part only). In France, the legal driving age is 18. The minimum driver age in this dataset is 18 years old.
- `BonusMalus` (`int`): [Bonus-Malus factor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonus%E2%80%93malus#Insurance) that ranges from 50 to 350. In France, < 100 means bonus, whilst > 100 means malus.
- `VehBrand` (`string`): Anonymized vehicle brand code.
- `VehGas` (`string`): Fuel type, either 'Regular' or 'Diesel'.
- `Area` (`string`): Population density category of the city/community the driver lives in; these categories are ordered from "A" (rural) to "F" (urban center).
- `Density` (`int`): Number of inhabitants per square-kilometer living in the city/area where the vehicle driver resides.
- `Region` (`string`): Region in France the vehicle driver resides; these categories correspond to the [1982 - 2015 French region definitions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_France#1982%E2%80%932015).

## `freMTPL2sev.csv` Description

This file contains data on 26,639 claims made against policies in `freMTPL2freq.csv`. Each row represents a single claim and contains the following columns:
- `IDpol` (`int`): Policy ID number linking the claim to a policy in `freMTPL2freq.csv`. Note that `IDpol` is *not* a unique row identifier in this file, as multiple claims may be made against the same policy.
- `ClaimAmount` (`float`): Most up-to-date estimate of the total financial loss/cost of the claim, presumably in Euros (although the exact currency the financial losses are recorded is not disclosed).

## Relationship between `freMTPL2freq.csv` and `freMTPL2sev.csv`

There is a one-to-many relationship between `freMTPL2freq.csv` and `freMTPL2sev.csv` such that:
- Each claim in `freMTPL2sev.csv` is associated with no more than one policy in `freMTPL2freq.csv`.
- Each policy in `freMTPL2freq.csv` can join onto one or more claims in `freMTPL2sev.csv` (i.e. multiple claims can be made against the same policy).
- Conversely, not all policies in `freMTPL2freq.csv` will join onto a claim listed in `freMTPL2sev.csv` (i.e. not all policyholders make a claim against their policy). Indeed, ~96% of the policies in `freMTPL2freq.csv` have no associated claims in `freMTPL2sev.csv`.

## Data Inconsistency Issues

Please be aware that some data inconsistencies exist between the `freMTPL2freq.csv` and `freMTPL2sev.csv` files:
- *Missing Policy Records*: Not all claims in `freMTPL2sev.csv` have a corresponding policy in `freMTPL2freq.csv`, meaning that the risk attributes associated with these claims are unknown. This issue affects 195 out of 26,639 records in `freMTPL2freq.csv`.
- *`ClaimNb` Discrepancies*: For some policies in `freMTPL2freq.csv`, the recorded `ClaimNb` does not match the actual number of claims recorded in `freMTPL2sev.csv` for those policies. For instance:
   - Some policies with `ClaimNb = 1` have no matching claims in `freMTPL2sev.csv`.
   - One policy with `ClaimNb = 2` has only one matching claim in `freMTPL2sev.csv`.
   
  This issue affects 9,117 out of 678,013 policies in `freMTPL2freq.csv`.

These data inconsistency issues have been retained in this Hugging Face dataset so that it remains an exact replica of the original freMTPL2 dataset.

## Referencing

If you use this dataset in your work, please cite the original publishers of the freMTPL2 dataset:

```latex
@article{dutang2020package,
  title={Package ‘casdatasets’},
  author={Dutang, Christophe and Charpentier, Arthur},
  journal={url: https://dutangc.perso.math.cnrs.fr/RRepository/pub/web/CASdatasets-manual.pdf},
  year={2020}
}
```