Byzantine-Style Mosaic Necklace with Christ and Twelve Apostles
{"id": "ld1-1643381040022-1643381059146-1", "version": "", "unitCode": "SAAM", "linkedId": "", "type": "edanmdm", "content": {"descriptiveNonRepeating": {"record_ID": "saam_1929.8.247", "online_media": {"mediaCount": 1, "media": [{"thumbnail": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=SAAM-1929.8.247_2", "idsId": "SAAM-1929.8.247_2", "usage": {"access": "CC0"}, "guid": "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/bj9d9c097d3-987f-4866-8620-74ec59a62bf4", "type": "Images", "content": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=SAAM-1929.8.247_2", "resources": [{"label": "High-resolution TIFF", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=SAAM-1929.8.247_2.tif", "width": 3000, "height": 1967}, {"width": 3000, "height": 1967, "label": "High-resolution JPEG", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=SAAM-1929.8.247_2.jpg", "dimensions": "3000x1967"}, {"label": "Screen Image", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=SAAM-1929.8.247_2_screen"}, {"label": "Thumbnail Image", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=SAAM-1929.8.247_2_thumb"}]}]}, "unit_code": "SAAM", "title_sort": "BYZANTINE-STYLE MOSAIC NECKLACE WITH CHRIST AND TWELVE APOSTLES", "guid": "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/vk74af98422-786c-4dce-b7c7-75265a502468", "record_link": "https://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artwork/?id=30961", "title": {"label": "Title", "content": "Byzantine-Style Mosaic Necklace with Christ and Twelve Apostles"}, "metadata_usage": {"access": "CC0"}, "data_source": "Smithsonian American Art Museum"}, "indexedStructured": {"date": ["1910s", "1870s"], "object_type": ["Decorative arts"], "topic": ["Apostles", "Religion", "Bible, N.T.", "Jesus Christ"], "usage_flag": ["permcoll"], "online_media_type": ["Images"]}, "freetext": {"setName": [{"label": "See more items in", "content": "Smithsonian American Art Museum Collection"}, {"label": "Department", "content": "Decorative Arts"}], "date": [{"label": "Date", "content": "1870s-1910s"}], "identifier": [{"label": "Object number", "content": "1929.8.247"}], "notes": [{"label": "Exhibition Label", "content": "The age and origin of this necklace are unknown, but many signs point to creation in Italy in the late nineteenth century. Its medallions loosely represent Christ and the twelve apostles, with each face a small mosaic construction of cut shapes in mother of pearl and Venetian glass. These resemble portraits of saints decorating Byzantine-era boxes, book covers, and chalices in the Treasury of St. Mark's Basilica and other museums. However, jewelry was not a standard element of the attire of priests and religious officials in the tenth century, suggesting that this necklace is a revival piece made in the 1800s that evokes an earlier context. Some of the glass and shell may be repurposed from broken antique objects to increase the appearance of age and authenticity. Was this initially marketed as a studious tribute to the middle ages, or is it a finely crafted fake? Collector John Gellatly left behind no records of its purchase, and these questions remain under investigation."}, {"label": "Exhibition Label", "content": "Sargent, Whistler, and Venetian Glass: American Artists and the Magic of Murano, 2021."}, {"label": "Luce Center Label", "content": "This necklace was originally thought to be from the early Byzantine period of the sixth century AD. Recent research, however, suggests that it is probably a copy done in the late nineteenth century. It is unusual for Byzantine artifacts to be replicated in this way, but at the turn of the twentieth century, many Russian museums were publishing their collections for the first time and copies were likely made from the photographs. Religious art flourished during the Byzantine period, and the interiors of churches were lavishly decorated to reflect the grandeur of heaven. As a result, altarpieces, icons, jewelry, and mosaics gleamed with gold, precious stones, and rich colors. Wealthy people in the Byzantine Empire wore jewelry containing icons of sacred figures as symbols of their devotion. This necklace is composed of a series of gold medallions, on which the images of Christ, his twelve apostles, and Constantine\u00e2\u0080\u0099s Cross have been illustrated in glass mosaic and gold paint."}], "creditLine": [{"label": "Credit Line", "content": "Smithsonian American Art Museum, Gift of John Gellatly"}], "name": [{"label": "Artist", "content": "Unidentified (Murano, Venice, Italy)"}], "topic": [{"label": "Topic", "content": "Religion\\New Testament\\Christ"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "Religion\\New Testament\\apostle"}], "physicalDescription": [{"label": "Medium", "content": "gold with glass and shell inlay"}, {"label": "Dimensions", "content": "9 1/4 \u00c3\u0097 16 \u00c3\u0097 1/4 in. (23.5 \u00c3\u0097 40.6 \u00c3\u0097 0.6 cm) irregular"}], "dataSource": [{"label": "Data Source", "content": "Smithsonian American Art Museum"}], "objectRights": [{"label": "Restrictions & Rights", "content": "CC0"}], "objectType": [{"label": "Type", "content": "Decorative Arts-Jewelry"}]}}, "url": "edanmdm:saam_1929.8.247", "hash": "451748e6e06b5ea2a3f8d520db04f5568a7a35f3", "docSignature": "8639bf39c0c00d6d968ac66bd9cc91ca", "timestamp": 1666664282, "lastTimeUpdated": 1653679523, "title": "Byzantine-Style Mosaic Necklace with Christ and Twelve Apostles"}