John C. Calhoun
{"id": "ld1-1643399756728-1643399757234-0", "version": "", "unitCode": "NPG", "linkedId": "", "type": "edanmdm", "content": {"descriptiveNonRepeating": {"record_ID": "npg_NPG.90.52", "online_media": {"mediaCount": 1, "media": [{"thumbnail": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NPG-NPG_90_52Calhoun_d1", "idsId": "NPG-NPG_90_52Calhoun_d1", "usage": {"access": "CC0"}, "guid": "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/tr2ca7e019b-9de4-4b13-82bb-f333d919982a", "type": "Images", "content": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NPG-NPG_90_52Calhoun_d1", "resources": [{"label": "High-resolution TIFF", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NPG-NPG_90_52Calhoun_d1.tif", "width": 3212, "height": 4000}, {"width": 3212, "height": 4000, "label": "High-resolution JPEG", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NPG-NPG_90_52Calhoun_d1.jpg", "dimensions": "3212x4000"}, {"label": "Screen Image", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NPG-NPG_90_52Calhoun_d1_screen"}, {"label": "Thumbnail Image", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NPG-NPG_90_52Calhoun_d1_thumb"}]}]}, "unit_code": "NPG", "title_sort": "JOHN C. CALHOUN", "guid": "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4914220c5-8192-4d1e-8731-b43f60078328", "record_link": "https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.90.52", "title": {"label": "Title", "content": "John C. Calhoun"}, "metadata_usage": {"access": "CC0"}, "data_source": "National Portrait Gallery"}, "indexedStructured": {"date": ["1840s", "1850s"], "exhibition": [{"exhibitionTitle": "2022 Rehang of Out of Many: Portraits from 1600 to 1900", "building": "NPG", "room": "East Gallery 110a"}], "object_type": ["Paintings"], "geoLocation": [{"L1": {"type": "Continent", "content": "North America"}, "L2": {"type": "Country", "content": "United States"}}, {"L1": {"type": "Continent", "content": "North America"}, "L2": {"type": "Country", "content": "United States"}}, {"L1": {"type": "Continent", "content": "North America"}, "L2": {"type": "Country", "content": "United States"}}], "name": ["Healy, George Peter Alexander", "Calhoun, John Caldwell"], "onPhysicalExhibit": ["Yes"], "topic": ["Legislators", "Cabinet member", "Congressmen", "Government", "Portraits", "Lawyers", "Philosopher", "Secretary of State", "Secretary of War", "Law and Law Enforcement", "Men", "Senators", "Politics", "Education and Scholarship", "Vice-Presidents"], "place": ["United States", "South Carolina"], "online_media_type": ["Images"]}, "freetext": {"setName": [{"label": "See more items in", "content": "National Portrait Gallery Collection"}, {"label": "Exhibition", "content": "2022 Rehang of Out of Many: Portraits from 1600 to 1900"}, {"label": "On View", "content": "NPG, East Gallery 110a"}], "date": [{"label": "Date", "content": "c. 1845"}], "identifier": [{"label": "Object number", "content": "NPG.90.52"}], "notes": [{"label": "Exhibition Label", "content": "Born Abbeville District, South Carolina"}, {"label": "Exhibition Label", "content": "John C. Calhoun traversed the spectrum of antebellum American politics during his influential career. From 1825 to 1829, he served as John Quincy Adams\u00e2\u0080\u0099s vice president but helped defeat him in the next presidential election as Andrew Jackson\u00e2\u0080\u0099s running mate. A fervent nationalist during the War of 1812 (1812\u00e2\u0080\u009315), Calhoun was championing states\u00e2\u0080\u0099 rights by the 1830s."}, {"label": "Exhibition Label", "content": "Calhoun\u00e2\u0080\u0099s white supremacist ideology justified slavery as essential to the Southern economy. While representing South Carolina in the U.S. Senate (1833\u00e2\u0080\u009343; 1845\u00e2\u0080\u009350), he advanced the doctrine of nullification as a bulwark against future antislavery legislation, asserting that states had the right to nullify any federal acts they considered unconstitutional. During negotiations over the Compromise of 1850, Calhoun warned that admitting Oregon and California as free states would upset the balance of power in Congress, prompting slave-holding states to secede. Although he dreaded that prospect, his ideas helped bring it about."}, {"label": "Exhibition Label", "content": "Nacido en el Distrito de Abbeville, Carolina del Sur"}, {"label": "Exhibition Label", "content": "John C. Calhoun recorri\u00c3\u00b3 la gama de la pol\u00c3\u00adtica estadounidense antes de la Guerra Civil. Entre 1825 y 1829 fue vicepresidente bajo John Quincy Adams, pero ayud\u00c3\u00b3 a derrotarlo en las elecciones siguientes como compa\u00c3\u00b1ero de papeleta de Andrew Jackson. Nacionalista ferviente en la Guerra de 1812 (1812\u00e2\u0080\u0093 15), para 1830 defend\u00c3\u00ada los derechos estatales."}, {"label": "Exhibition Label", "content": "La ideolog\u00c3\u00ada supremacista blanca de Calhoun justificaba la esclavitud como algo esencial para la econom\u00c3\u00ada sure\u00c3\u00b1a. Siendo senador por Carolina del Sur (1833\u00e2\u0080\u009343; 1845\u00e2\u0080\u009350), promovi\u00c3\u00b3 la doctrina de la anulaci\u00c3\u00b3n como baluarte contra futura legislaci\u00c3\u00b3n antiesclavista, afirmando que los estados ten\u00c3\u00adan el derecho de anular cualquier ley federal que consideraran inconstitucional. En las negociaciones del Compromiso de 1850, Calhoun advirti\u00c3\u00b3 que admitir a Oreg\u00c3\u00b3n y California como \u00e2\u0080\u009cestados libres\u00e2\u0080\u009d alterar\u00c3\u00ada el balance de poder en el Congreso y causar\u00c3\u00ada la secesi\u00c3\u00b3n de los estados esclavistas. Aunque tem\u00c3\u00ada tal posibilidad, sus ideas contribuyeron a hacerla realidad."}, {"label": "Provenance", "content": "(Maree Schwerin, Colonial Antique Shop, Charleston); purchased 1990 NPG"}, {"label": "Provenance", "content": "This appears to be the portrait of Calhoun owned in 1951 by Henry Gourdin Young, Charleston, which descended in the family of Henry Gourdin, who had been given the portrait by Calhoun\u00e2\u0080\u0099s widow."}], "creditLine": [{"label": "Credit Line", "content": "National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution"}], "name": [{"label": "Artist", "content": "George Peter Alexander Healy, 15 Jul 1813 - 24 Jun 1894"}, {"label": "Sitter", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun, 18 Mar 1782 - 31 Mar 1850"}], "topic": [{"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Male"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Law and Law Enforcement\\Lawyer"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Politics and Government\\Vice-President of US"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Politics and Government\\Cabinet member\\Secretary of War"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Education and Scholarship\\Scholar\\Philosopher"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Politics and Government\\Cabinet member\\Secretary of State"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Politics and Government\\US Congressman\\South Carolina"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "John Caldwell Calhoun: Politics and Government\\US Senator\\South Carolina"}, {"label": "Topic", "content": "Portrait"}], "physicalDescription": [{"label": "Medium", "content": "Oil on canvas"}, {"label": "Dimensions", "content": "Stretcher: 91.9 x 74.1 x 3.8cm (36 3/16 x 29 3/16 x 1 1/2\")"}, {"label": "Dimensions", "content": "Frame: 116.2 x 97.8 x 7cm (45 3/4 x 38 1/2 x 2 3/4\")"}], "dataSource": [{"label": "Data Source", "content": "National Portrait Gallery"}], "objectRights": [{"label": "Restrictions & Rights", "content": "CC0"}], "objectType": [{"label": "Type", "content": "Painting"}]}}, "url": "edanmdm:npg_NPG.90.52", "hash": "a7867083f0400f64e2d26badefb15b1ca3afc9c7", "docSignature": "c97e542451713e60e8cb85788de6a552", "timestamp": 1666256170, "lastTimeUpdated": 1666256083, "title": "John C. Calhoun"}