Patent Model, Life Raft
{"id": "ld1-1643399486815-1643399504447-0", "version": "", "unitCode": "NMAH", "linkedId": "", "type": "edanmdm", "content": {"descriptiveNonRepeating": {"record_ID": "nmah_843796", "online_media": {"mediaCount": 2, "media": [{"thumbnail": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=SIA-2006-9714&max=150", "idsId": "SIA-2006-9714", "usage": {"access": "CC0"}, "guid": "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/bq99ca746bc-163d-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa", "type": "Images", "content": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=SIA-2006-9714", "resources": [{"width": 4288, "height": 2848, "label": "High-resolution JPEG", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=SIA-2006-9714.jpg", "dimensions": "4288x2848"}, {"label": "Screen Image", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=SIA-2006-9714_screen"}, {"label": "Thumbnail Image", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=SIA-2006-9714_thumb"}]}, {"thumbnail": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-2008-7194&max=150", "idsId": "NMAH-2008-7194", "usage": {"access": "CC0"}, "caption": "Patent model, liferaft, #146316, patented by George Clark", "guid": "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/bq99ca746b5-ed5c-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa", "type": "Images", "content": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-2008-7194", "resources": [{"label": "High-resolution TIFF", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-2008-7194.tif", "width": 4680, "height": 2623}, {"width": 4680, "height": 2623, "label": "High-resolution JPEG", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-2008-7194.jpg", "dimensions": "4680x2623"}, {"label": "Screen Image", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-2008-7194_screen"}, {"label": "Thumbnail Image", "url": "https://ids.si.edu/ids/download?id=NMAH-2008-7194_thumb"}]}]}, "unit_code": "NMAH", "title_sort": "PATENT MODEL, LIFE RAFT", "guid": "http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746ab-f8c8-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa", "title": {"label": "Title", "content": "Patent Model, Life Raft"}, "metadata_usage": {"access": "CC0"}, "data_source": "National Museum of American History"}, "indexedStructured": {"date": ["1870s"], "exhibition": [{"exhibitionTitle": "On the Water", "building": "NMAH"}], "geoLocation": [{"Other": {"type": "Place", "content": "United States"}}, {"Other": {"type": "Place", "content": "Michigan"}}, {"Other": {"type": "Place", "content": "Ecorse"}}, {"Other": {"type": "Place", "content": "Great Lakes"}}, {"points": {"point": {"latitude": {"type": "decimal", "content": "42.2333"}, "longitude": {"type": "decimal", "content": "-83.1333"}}}}, {"points": {"point": {"latitude": {"type": "decimal", "content": "45"}, "longitude": {"type": "decimal", "content": "-85"}}}}, {"points": {"point": {"latitude": {"type": "decimal", "content": "42.2333"}, "longitude": {"type": "decimal", "content": "-83.1333"}}}}], "object_type": ["Patents", "life raft; patent model, raft, life; Maritime", "life raft, model", "patent model, raft, life", "Models"], "name": ["Clark, George"], "onPhysicalExhibit": ["Yes"], "topic": ["Transportation", "Development of the Industrial United States", "On the Water exhibit"], "place": ["United States", "Ecorse", "Michigan", "Great Lakes"], "online_media_type": ["Images"]}, "freetext": {"setName": [{"label": "See more items in", "content": "Work and Industry: Maritime"}, {"label": "See more items in", "content": "Transportation"}, {"label": "See more items in", "content": "On the Water exhibit"}, {"label": "Exhibition", "content": "On the Water"}, {"label": "Exhibition Location", "content": "National Museum of American History"}], "date": [{"label": "Date made", "content": "1874"}, {"label": "patent date", "content": "1874-01-13"}], "identifier": [{"label": "ID Number", "content": "TR.325945"}, {"label": "catalog number", "content": "325945"}, {"label": "accession number", "content": "249602"}, {"label": "patent number", "content": "146,316"}], "notes": [{"label": "Description", "content": "This model represents a raft made up of four rows of watertight sheet-metal cylinders enclosed by two wood decks and fastened together with metal bolts. It was submitted to the U.S. Patent Office in 1874 by George Clark, of Ecorse, Michigan, to accompany his design for an improved life raft."}, {"label": "Description", "content": "A contemporary compiler of accidents noted 1,167 marine accidents on the Great Lakes for the year 1871 alone. \u00e2\u0080\u009cOf this number, 225 were caused by collisions,\u00e2\u0080\u009d he clarified, \u00e2\u0080\u009c280 vessels went ashore, 81 were burned, 26 capsized, 19 foundered, 182 sprung a leak, 65 waterlogged, 60 were dismasted, 110 lost deck-loads, and 10 exploded their boilers.\u00e2\u0080\u009d In the context of these harsh statistics, some inventors looked for ways to prevent accidents, while others sought ways to preserve life after the accident had occurred. George Clark was aiming for the second goal with this raft. He wrote, \u00e2\u0080\u009cThe nature of this invention . . . has for its object the preservation of life in case of disaster at sea, by making the raft very buoyant, thoroughly protecting the float-cylinders, so they will not be injured under any ordinary circumstances, and furnishing a much more durable, a lighter, and more easily handled raft than those heretofore in use for this purpose.\u00e2\u0080\u009d"}, {"label": "Description", "content": "Clark envisioned these rafts carried on the hurricane decks of steamers, where they would be easily accessible in a disaster. The materials and construction made for a fairly lightweight raft, which could be thrown into the water \u00e2\u0080\u009cby one or two persons of ordinary strength, thus avoiding the delay and uncertainty of working falls and cranes in launching boats.\u00e2\u0080\u009d Because both sides of the raft were the same, it didn\u00e2\u0080\u0099t matter how it was tossed into the water. Clark acknowledged that cylindrical floats were already in use for other life rafts, but they tended to be much longer, extending the raft\u00e2\u0080\u0099s entire length or breadth. Under heavy conditions at sea, these long floats could have worked loose and destroyed the raft. Clark claimed that his use of shorter cylinders, arranged in courses and enclosed by the wooden decks, were less likely to cause such an accident, while providing the raft with greater flexibility."}], "name": [{"label": "patentee", "content": "Clark, George"}, {"label": "inventor", "content": "Clark, George"}], "publisher": [{"label": "Related Publication", "content": "On the Water online exhibition"}, {"label": "Related Web Publication", "content": "http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater"}], "topic": [{"label": "related event", "content": "The Development of the Industrial United States"}], "place": [{"label": "home of patentee", "content": "United States: Michigan, Ecorse"}, {"label": "life rafts of this patent were used", "content": "Great Lakes"}, {"label": "associated place", "content": "United States: Michigan, Ecorse"}], "physicalDescription": [{"label": "Physical Description", "content": "metal (overall material)"}, {"label": "Physical Description", "content": "wood (overall material)"}, {"label": "Physical Description", "content": "rubber (overall material)"}, {"label": "Measurements", "content": "overall: 13 1/4 in x 6 3/8 in x 1 1/2 in; 33.655 cm x 16.1925 cm x 3.81 cm"}], "dataSource": [{"label": "Data Source", "content": "National Museum of American History"}], "objectType": [{"label": "Object Name", "content": "life raft, model"}, {"label": "Object Name", "content": "patent model, raft, life"}, {"label": "Object Type", "content": "Patent Model"}, {"label": "Other Terms", "content": "life raft; patent model, raft, life; Maritime"}]}}, "url": "edanmdm:nmah_843796", "hash": "3c7214c751fd5360c74e13e6b986b8a6cde22140", "docSignature": "46d7444f815925edd20b44c63836f67f", "timestamp": 1663782597, "lastTimeUpdated": 1655973789, "title": "Patent Model, Life Raft"}