Ideally, they are formed using characters from different scripts, such as Arabic, Chinese, or Cyrillic.These are then encoded by the Unicode standard and used as allowed by relevant IDN protocols, a set of standards defined by the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), and its subsidiary groups; the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF).
Herufi hizi kisha husimbwa na kiwango cha Unicode na kutumiwa kama inavyoruhusiwa na vikoa vya IDN, seti ya viwango vilivyoainishwa na Bodi ya Usanifu wa Mtandao (IAB), na vikundi vyake vya kampuni ndogo; Tume ya Kazi ya Uhandisi wa Mtandao (IETF) na Tume ya Utafiti wa Mtandao (IRTF).