Protests for independence (called "azadi") and self-rule in the Kashmir Valley have been active since 1989 and ever since, Jammu and Kashmir has been under Indian military presence with statutes such as the Armed Forces Special Powers Act and the Public Safety Act giving them wide-ranging powers. 
Maandamano ya kudai uhuru (yaliyoitwa "azadi") na utawala binafsi ndani ya Bonde la Kasmiri yamekuwa hai tangu mwaka 1989, na tangu hapo Jammu na Kashmiri imekuwa chini ya Jeshi la India kwa kifungu cha amri ya Jeshi maalumu lenye silaha na Kifungu cha sheria cha Usalama wa Raia ukiwapa uwanja mpana wa mamlaka.