Meanwhile, James Chikonamombe, a Zimbabwean national based in the US, saw the attacks as evidence of the failure of Pan Africanism (a political philosophy that promotes solidarity among Africans): 
Kwa upande mwingine, James Chikonamombe, raia wa Zimbabwe anayeishi Amerika, anayaona mashambulizi haya kama ushuhuda wa kushindwa kwa dhana ya umajumui wa Afrika (falsafa ya kisiasa inayosisitiza mshikamano miongoni mwa Wafrikaa):