Villanueva’s Senate Bill No. 1492 or “An Act Penalizing the Malicious Distribution of False News and Other Related Violations” defines fake news as “those which either intend to cause panic, division, chaos, violence, and hate, or those which exhibit a propaganda to blacken or discredit one's reputation.” 
1492 au “Sheria Inayoadhibu Usambazaji Wenye Nia Ovu wa Habari Potofu na Makosa Mengine kama Hayo" inafafanua maana ya habari potofu kuwa ni "habari ambazo ama zinakusudia kusababisha hali ya tahayaruki, mgawanyiko, ghasia, na chuki au zile zenye ujumbe wa kipropaganda kwa lengo la kuchafua au kuharibu hadhi ya mtu mwingine.”