(ii) Combined with a failure to take effective measures to investigate and prosecute the violators. 13. “United Nations” includes any office, department, agency, programme, fund, operation or mission of the United Nations. C. Risk assessment 14. Before engaging in support, the United Nations entity directly concerned must conduct an assessment of the potential risks and benefits involved in providing support. This assessment should include consideration of the following elements (where a United Nations entity has an existing mechanism in place, this may be used to conduct the assessment in accordance with paragraph 19 below): (a) The record of the intended recipient(s) in terms of compliance or non‐compliance with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, including any specific record of grave violations;