1 The provision concerning hostile species takes into account the need to ensure that such animals should not be able to see, hear, or smell each other. Article 17 Space allowances (floor area and height) Paragraph 1 (See also comment on Article 6 paragraph 2) It is the intention to set minimum space allowances for certain species in a technical protocol to be adopted in accordance with Article 34 of the Convention. Article 18 Tying of animals As a general principle, the condition of transport should be such that tying of animals is not necessary. However, it is accepted that tying the animals may be necessary in certain circumstances. Article 20 Watering, feeding and rest The Parties recognised that animals need to be watered and fed according to their species and age. Furthermore, the youngest animals are those which need to be fed and specially watered more frequently. It is the intention to set a limit for maximum intervals for certain species in a technical protocol to be adopted in accordance with Article 34 of the Convention. Article 21 Females in lactation This provision recognises the important practical problem difficulties associated with milking lactating females during transport. Article 24 Care during transport The Parties recognised that even if the transport unit has a seal applied for health or customs purposes, the animals must be inspected, watered and fed. Article 25 Emergency/casualty care during transport «First-aid care» means appropriate care competently administered. The provision providing that animals «be killed in a way which does not cause them any additional suffering» , means that if the person present in charge of the welfare of the animals is not competent to kill an animal of the relevant species, then he or she must find a competent person to do this as soon as possible if it becomes necessary to kill an animal during transport. Article 27 Special provisions for the transport by road Paragraph 4 This check of the animals can be made at each rest or replacement of the driver. Article 28 Special provisions for transport by water Paragraph 1 It is the responsibility of the Parties to ensure that the inspection takes place, regardless of the vessel's country of registration. Paragraph 14 The Parties considered that the requirements of this Article should apply in all cases, but that they could often be met by providing a single spare pen. Article 29 Special provisions for transport by rail or road vehicles on roll-on/roll-off vessels Paragraph 6 Feed might be carried on board the vessel or in the road or rail vehicle, as agreed between the shipping company and the road or rail transporter. Paragraphs 6 and 7 The person responsible for the transport must ensure that the arrangements referred to in those paragraphs are made. Article 30 Special provisions for transport by air Paragraph 1 The Parties have recognised that it was not necessary that each aircraft must be permanently equipped with sophisticated measuring equipment for air flow and quality, temperature and pressure, according to the needs of the species concerned. Paragraph 2 The term «commander» means the person designated to have full responsibility and authority to secure the safety of the aircraft and all persons, goods and live animals. Article 36 Settlement of disputes Paragraph 1 The selection or appointment of competent authorities is entirely a matter for each Party. Articles 37 to 41 These provisions are in line with the corresponding standard provisions included in other European conventions. In general, the final provisions in this Convention follow the usual pattern of final clauses adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe for conventions and agreements drawn up within the Organisation.