All rights defined by Article 2(viii) of the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organisation signed at Stockholm on 14 July 1967 (see Technical Appendix 1.A.), excluding trademarks, service marks and commercial names and designations.1.12. NON-PROFIT INSTITUTIONS: Any legal entity, either public or private, established or organised for purposes other than profit-making, which does not itself commercially exploit FOREGROUND.1.13. PARTICIPANT: Australia, Canada, the European Union and Norway, Japan, Korea, Switzerland, the United States and any other country or geographic region whose participation in the IMS SCHEME may be approved in the manner determined by the PARTICIPANTS.1.14. PARTNER: Any legal or natural person participating as a contracting party to the COOPERATION AGREEMENT for a given PROJECT.1.15. PROJECT: Any research and development project carried out by a CONSORTIUM within the IMS SCHEME.1.16. SUMMARY INFORMATION: A description of the objectives, status and results of a PROJECT which does not disclose CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.Article 2Mandatory provisionsEach COOPERATION AGREEMENT must contain substantive terms and conditions that are fully consistent with each of the provisions 2.1 through 2.13 in this Article and the definitions used in each COOPERATION AGREEMENT shall be those specified in Article 1 of this document.Where a PROJECT or a potential PARTNER or its AFFILIATES is subject to government requirements, whether by law or agreement, and such requirements will affect rights or obligations pursuant to the COOPERATION AGREEMENT, the potential PARTNER shall disclose to the other PARTNERS all such requirements of which it is aware prior to signing the COOPERATION AGREEMENT. PARTNERS must ensure that ownership, use, disclosure and licensing of FOREGROUND will comply with these mandatory provisions if the PROJECT is subject to government requirements.PARTNERS will, at the outset of a PROJECT, promptly notify one another of their AFFILIATES which will be involved in the performance of the PROJECT, and will notify one another of any changes in the AFFILIATES so involved during the life of the PROJECT. At the time of entering into a COOPERATION AGREEMENT, and immediately after new legal entities have come to meet the AFFILIATE definition, PARTNERS may exclude AFFILIATES from the rights and obligations set forth in these provisions in accordance with the terms of the COOPERATION AGREEMENT.Written Agreement2.1. PARTNERS shall enter into a written COOPERATION AGREEMENT that governs their participation in a PROJECT consistent with this document.Ownership2.2. FOREGROUND shall be owned solely by the PARTNER or jointly by the PARTNERS creating it.2.3. A PARTNER which is the sole owner of FOREGROUND may disclose and non-exclusively license that FOREGROUND to third parties without ACCOUNTING to any other PARTNER.2.4. A PARTNER which is a joint owner of FOREGROUND may disclose and non-exclusively license that FOREGROUND to third parties without the consent of and without ACCOUNTING to any other PARTNER, unless otherwise agreed in the COOPERATION AGREEMENT.2.5. A PARTNER may assign its sole and/or joint ownership interests in its BACKGROUND, BACKGROUND RIGHTS and FOREGROUND to third parties without the consent of and without ACCOUNTING to any other PARTNER.PARTNERS who assign any of their rights to BACKGROUND RIGHTS or FOREGROUND must make each assignment subject to the COOPERATION AGREEMENT and must require each assignee to agree in writing to be bound to the assignor's obligations under the COOPERATION AGREEMENT in respect of the assigned rights.Dissemination of information2.6. SUMMARY INFORMATION shall be available to all PARTNERS in other PROJECTS and to the committees formed under the IMS SCHEME.2.7. The CONSORTIUM will make available at the end of the PROJECT a public report setting out SUMMARY INFORMATION about the PROJECT.License rightsForeground2.8. Each PARTNER and its AFFILIATES may use FOREGROUND, royalty-free, for research and development and for commercial exploitation. Commercial exploitation includes the rights to use, make, have made, sell and import.However, in exceptional circumstances,- PARTNERS may agree in their COOPERATION AGREEMENT to pay a royalty to PARTNERS which are NON-PROFIT INSTITUTIONS for commercial exploitation of FOREGROUND which is solely owned by such NON-PROFIT INSTITUTIONS; and- PARTNERS may agree in their COOPERATION AGREEMENT to pay a royalty to PARTNERS which are