Unidos da América[1] The IMS collaboration scheme was launched in 1995, following the conclusion of a successful Feasibility Study. The duration of the initial IMS collaboration scheme was set at ten years up to 2005. Based on the experience gained in this initial phase, the partners to the IMS scheme decided to expand and improve on the initial phase. The Next-Phase IMS Working Group set up by the parties of IMS and the IMS International Steering Committee recommended that the partners to IMS renew the scheme with a modified framework for international multilateral collaboration in IMS.[1] Revenue and expenditures need to be in one single budgetary document; which is subject to approval.[2] Expenditures should not be increased simply to keep revenues and expenditures in balance.[3] By way of example, an "exceptional carry over" may be made as a provision against negative cashflow from year to year, to preserve operational flexibility.[4] All contributions shall form a common pool and no members' contribution/revenue can be designated for use with a certain purpose only; concomitantly, no expenditure may be assigned to a particular contribution.--------------------------------------------------