FOR INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING SYSTEMSTABLE OF CONTENTS1. PREAMBLE2. PURPOSE3. RATIONALE4. OPERATING PRINCIPLES5. STRUCTURE AND FUNDING6. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE7. TRANSITION TO AND COMMENCEMENT OF THE IMS SCHEME8. DURATION OF THE IMS SCHEME9. ADMISSION OF NEW PARTICIPANTS10. FORMATION AND EVALUATION OF PROJECT CONSORTIA AND OTHER COLLABORATIVE INSTRUMENTS11. SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES12. DISSEMINATION OF RESULTSTechnical Appendix 1: Intellectual property rights provisions for research and development projectsTechnical Appendix 1.A: Convention establishing the World Intellectual Property Organisation (Stockholm, 14 July 1967)Technical Appendix 2: financial accountability and principles for setting up and executing the IRS budgetTechnical Appendix 3: IMS technical themesTechnical Appendix 4: Responsibilities of the IMS Inter-Regional SecretariatTechnical Appendix 5: Responsibilities of the IMS Regional SecretariatsTechnical Appendix 6: Admission of new participantsTechnical Appendix 7: Project consortia formation and evaluationTechnical Appendix 8: Role Of IMS vis-à-vis small and medium-sised enterprises (SMEs), universities and government research institutes1. PREAMBLEThis document sets forth the terms of reference for the partners of the intelligent manufacturing systems (IMS) scheme for international cooperation in research and development in intelligent manufacturing systems. These terms of reference are not intended to create obligations under international or domestic law.2. PURPOSEThe IMS scheme is an international and multilateral cooperation scheme in which Participants work cooperatively to boost industrial competitiveness, solve problems facing manufacturing worldwide, and develop advanced manufacturing technologies and systems to benefit humanity. Its purposes are to:- enhance knowledge-based manufacturing in industry to improve the quality of life and citizens and improve the global environment,- share manufacturing knowledge and to transfer it to future generations,- increase the participation of SMEs in international collaborative activities,- adapt educational and training activities to support the knowledge-based manufacturing industries, and- contribute to establishing common, global norms and standards.3. RATIONALEManufacturing has been and continues to be an important element in the global economy. It remains a primary generator of wealth and is critical to establishing a sound economic basis for economic growth.Properly managed international cooperation in research and development in advanced manufacturing can help improve manufacturing operations [1]. IMS provides the framework within which cooperative research and development activities can flourish. IMS:- provides a structure for global, "forward-thinking" syntheses (e.g. roadmaps, analyses, foresight),- fosters the creation of networks to reinforce interaction and collaborative research and development,- fosters the development of consortia to undertake collaborative research and development projects (including cooperative work on pre-standardisation topics),- provides an intellectual property rights management framework (Technical Appendix 1) for international collaboration and dissemination activities, and- disseminates research results broadly.4. OPERATING PRINCIPLESIMS collaborative activities proceed on the following bases:- contributions to, and benefits from such cooperation, are equitable and balanced,- collaborative projects have industrial relevance,- collaborative project should include where possible academic participation,- collaborative projects are carried out by inter-regional, geographically distributed consortia,- collaborative projects can occur throughout the full innovation cycle,- IMS project activities under government sponsorship or using government resources should not involve competitive research and development,- results of collaborative projects are shared through a process of controlled information diffusion, and- there should be protection for an equitable allocation of any intellectual property right created or furnished during cooperation projects.5. STRUCTURE AND FUNDINGIMS is governed by a management structure that consists of:- an International Steering Committee,- an Inter-Regional Secretariat, and- Regional Secretariats.5.1. Funding for the management structure- Each participant will fund its own participation,- Each participant will determine the method by which its own participation will be funded,- Each participant will contribute in an equitable manner in funding or in kind to defray the costs of operating the Inter-Regional Secretariat,- Each participant will be responsible for supporting its own delegation, and- Each Participant will have the right to audit the operations of the management structure.- Principles for setting up and executing the IRS budget shall be in accordance with Technical Appendix 2.5.2. Funding for the Projects- Each participant will fund its own participation, and- Each participant will determine the method by which its own participation will be funded.6. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE6.1. IMS International Steering CommitteeThe IMS International Steering Committee will oversee the IMS scheme. Members must be eminent representatives of the participants' industrial, academic, or governmental/public administration sectors who are knowledgeable in manufacturing issues. Members must be willing and able to devote the necessary time and effort involved in guiding the
for employees the following themes can be identified.- Clean manufacturing processes that can minimise effects on environment. Process emission minimised systems. Process disposal minimised systems.- Factory (process) life-cycle pre-assessed systems.Minimum consumption of energy. Energy efficient processes that can meet manufacturing requirements with minimum consumption of energy. Integrated cycled process for less energy consumption.- Modules of energy conservation type. Production management technology of energy conservation type.- Technology innovation in manufacturing processes. Methods that can quickly produce different products through "Rapid Prototyping Methods". Manufacturing processes that can flexibly respond to changes in labour conditions, changes of products or materials.- Improvement in the flexibility and autonomy of processing modules that compose manufacturing systems. Open distributed systems and their modules that can match both unmanned, man-machine mixed and labour intensive systems, and can metamorphologically architect system components in correspondence with changes of products.- Improvement in interaction or harmony among various components and functions of manufacturing. Open infrastructure for manufacturing. Inter-connected information systems such as "remote ID" among respective modules.3. Strategy/planning/design toolsManufacturing takes place in a global economy. How and where raw materials are transformed is a strategic decision. The decision is complicated in terms of what to make and where to make or buy it, in what is becoming a single global economy.Many of today's manufacturing organisations are designed using vertical and hierarchical structures. The move towards hierarchical structures is and will continue to require major changes in organisations, systems and work practices. We need methodologies and tools to help us to define appropriate manufacturing strategies and to design appropriate organisations and business/work processes.Methods and tools to support business process re-engineering. Modelling tools to support the analyses and development of manufacturing strategies.Design support tools to support planning in an extended enterprise or virtual enterprise environment.4. Human/organisation/social issues- Promotion and development projects for improved image of manufacturing. Manufacturing engineers tend to be at the bottom of the pay scale relevant to other engineers, and the profession as a whole has a lower stature. Therefore ITC considers as projects globally recognised, strong professional societies and educational institutions for the promotion of manufacturing as a discipline. These proposals include the creation of international organisations to promote manufacturing.- Improved capability of manufacturing workforce/education, training. Engineering education has often tended to emphasise theory over process. In addition, basic education has not always met the needs of industry, producing graduates with often-inadequate skills. This has led to industries that are poor at turning innovation into successful products. This necessitates a change in priorities and closer ties between industry and educational institutions. As well, changes in system organisation means that training within companies is a continuous process which seeks to update the skills and increase the potential of employees — the crucial elements in any system.- Autonomous offshore plants (integration of supplementary business functions in subsidiaries). Offshore plants were originally meant to increase market share and decrease production costs: development of the transplant labour forces were a secondary consideration. However, giving more autonomy to these plants enables them to react more flexibly to changing conditions in the areas where they are based, and is consistent with organisational ideas of decentralisation, empowerment and hierarchy flattening. It also serves to contribute to domestic development in the countries where the plants are located and further the IMS goal of spreading widely basic manufacturing knowledge.- Corporate technical memory — keeping, developing, accessing. Often in a manufacturing enterprise knowledge and sources of information are isolated or locked. "Organisational learning" is a strategy for translating such knowledge into a framework or a model that leads to better decision-making and could be an important theme within IMS.- Appropriate performance measures for new paradigms. New paradigms of manufacturing must offer superiority in performance from the points of view of costs, quality, delivery and flexibility. The first three are familiar performance criteria used for mass production, while flexibility is a key attribute of new paradigm manufacturing. To increase the acceptance of new paradigms performance evaluation methods should be developed.5. Virtual/extended enterprise issuesThe extended enterprise is an expression of the market-driven requirement to embrace external resources in the enterprise without owning them. Core business focus is the route to excellence but product/service delivery requires the amalgam of multiple world-class capabilities. Changing markets require a fluctuating mix of resources. The extended enterprises which can be likened to the ultimate customisable, reconfigurable, manufacturing resource is the goal. The operation of the extended enterprise requires take up of communications and database technologies that are near to the current state of the art. However, the main challenge is organisational rather than technological.Research and development opportunities in this area are:- methodologies to determine and support information processes and logistics across the value chain in the extended enterprise,- architecture (business, functional and technical) to support engineering cooperation across the value chain, e.g., concurrent engineering across the extended enterprise,- methods and approaches to assign cost/liability/risk and reward to elements of the extended enterprise,- team working across individual units within the extended enterprise.Technical e estabelece o entendimento comum sobre os princípios da cooperação no domínio dos IMS. Agradecia que Vossa Excelência me confirmasse este entendimento, logo que possível."Tenho a honra de confirmar o acordo do meu governo sobre o conteúdo da carta de Vossa Excelência.Pelo Governo do JapãoH. Carta dos Estados Unidos da AméricaExcelência,Tenho a honra de me referir à carta de Vossa Excelência de ..., do seguinte teor:"Reporto-me ao Acordo relativo a actividades de investigação e desenvolvimento no domínio dos sistemas inteligentes de fabrico (IMS) concluído em 1997 e 2001, respectivamente, entre a Comunidade Europeia e a Austrália, o Canadá, os Estados membros da EFTA Noruega e Suíça, a Coreia, o Japão e os Estados Unidos da América.O objectivo da presente carta é estabelecer o entendimento comum obtido sobre a renovação e alteração do referido Acordo de cooperação, tal como exposto nas especificações técnicas apensas à presente carta.As regiões participantes trabalharão em cooperação no sentido de impulsionar a competitividade industrial, resolver problemas que se colocam a nível mundial no domínio do fabrico e desenvolver tecnologias e sistemas de fabrico avançados. Essa cooperação garantirá um equilíbrio entre benefícios e contributos, será importante em termos industriais e basear-se-á no princípio da compreensão e interesse mútuos.O financiamento das actividades de cooperação ficará sujeito à disponibilidade financeira e à legislação e regras aplicáveis das regiões participantes. Cada região participante financiará a sua própria participação e contribuirá de maneira equitativa, em dinheiro ou em espécie, para os custos do secretariado inter-regional IMS. O secretariado funcionará e procederá de acordo com os princípios enunciados nas especificações técnicas. A Comunidade Europeia está pronta a acolher o secretariado inter-regional no período a decidir conjuntamente pelas regiões participantes.O presente acordo de cooperação terá uma vigência de 10 anos. Cada região participante pode retirar-se a qualquer momento mediante a apresentação de um pré-aviso de 12 meses. Os participantes procederão à revisão do programa cinco anos após o seu lançamento.A Comunidade Europeia e a Noruega reservam-se o direito de agir como uma única região europeia.A presente carta, juntamente com a sua aceitação pelas regiões participantes, subscreve as especificações técnicas e estabelece o entendimento comum sobre os princípios da cooperação no domínio dos IMS. Agradecia que Vossa Excelência me confirmasse este entendimento, logo que possível."Tenho a honra de confirmar o acordo do meu governo sobre o conteúdo da carta de Vossa Excelência.Pelo Governo dos Estados Unidos da América[1] The IMS collaboration scheme was launched in 1995, following the conclusion of a successful Feasibility Study. The duration of the initial IMS collaboration scheme was set at ten years up to 2005. Based on the experience gained in this initial phase, the partners to the each of the following provisions in their COOPERATION AGREEMENT:- AFFILIATE PROVISIONS,- ANTITRUST/COMPETITION LAW ISSUES,- CANCELLATION AND TERMINATION,- EMPLOYER/EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIPS,- EXPORT CONTROLS AND COMPLIANCE,- FIELD OF THE AGREEMENT,- INTENT OF THE PARTIES,- LICENSING PARTNERS IN OTHER PROJECTS,- LICENSOR'S LIABILITY ARISING FROM LICENSEE'S USE OF LICENSED TECHNOLOGY,- LOANED OR ASSIGNED EMPLOYEES AND RESULTING RIGHTS,- NEW PARTNERS AND WITHDRAWAL OF PARTNERS FROM PROJECTS,- POST COOPERATION AGREEMENT BACKGROUND,- PROTECTION, USE AND NON-DISCLOSURE OBLIGATIONS REGARDING CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION,- RESIDUAL INFORMATION,- ROYALTY RATES FOR BACKGROUND RIGHT LICENSES,- SOFTWARE SOURCE CODE,- TAXATION,- TERM/DURATION OF AGREEMENT.There are likely to be other provisions the PARTNERS will need to put into their COOPERATION AGREEMENTS depending on the particular circumstances of their PROJECT. PARTNERS should seek their own expert advice on this and note that no additional terms may conflict with Articles 1 and 2 of these provisions.Technical Appendix 1.AConvention establishing the World Intellectual Property Organisation (Stockholm, 14 July 1967)Article 2(viii) defines Intellectual Property to include:"… the rights to literary, artistic and scientific works; performances of performing artists; phonograms, and broadcasts; inventions in all fields of human endeavour; scientific discoveries; industrial designs; trade marks, service marks, and commercial names and designations; protection against unfair competition; and all other rights resulting from intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary or artistic fields."Technical Appendix 2Financial accountability and principles for setting up and executing the IRS budgetISC and IRS members should avoid conflicts of interest in so far as decisions relating to the IRS budget are concerned.All revenue and expenditures must be incorporated in a single set of accounts [1] to be approved by the ISC.The balance between revenue and expenditure must be respected at all times [2].The budget shall be annual with exceptional carry-overs [3].There should be no transfers of appropriations between line items of budget expenditure, unless formally approved by the ISC.All revenues shall constitute a common pool [4].All expenditures shall be reasonable, justified and in accordance with the principles of sound financial management.The IRS shall respond to all reasonable requests to report on its financial activities.Regional contributions shall be based on fair principles, and will be paid in accordance with a defined schedule subject to late fees. Regional contributions will be based on the approved IRS budget and will be structured in different tiers, related directly to the size and level of development of each participant's economy. The Initial participants will be allocated in two tiers as follows:- Tier 1: European Union and Norway, Japan, United States,- Tier 2: Australia, Canada, Korea, Switzerland.The maximum amounts for the contributions will be CAD 200000 or equivalent per annum for Tier 1; and CAD 125000 or equivalent per annum for Tier 2.The foregoing principles shall be incorporated in a document on IRS operational guidelines.Technical Appendix 3IMS technical themesIn general, any project that addresses the IMS Scheme objectives as set forth in these terms of reference is considered an appropriate topic for an IMS Project. IMS projects might also address one or more of the following technical themes:1. Total product life cycle issues- Future general models of manufacturing systems. Examples for that theme are the proposals of "agile manufacturing", "fractal factory", "bionic manufacturing", "holistic enterprise integration", etc.- Intelligent communication network systems for information processes in manufacturing. To understand the productivity of global distribution and global sourcing, the communication networks and tools and their applications have to be improved.- Environment protection, minimum use of energy and materials. Environment, energy and materials questions have reached a complexity that can only be handled via cooperation with a variety of specialists. Due to the fact that the conditions in that field are very different in different regions a common understanding and harmonised views for the response of manufacturing technologies to environment protection are necessary.- New ideas and methods for recyclability that are globally accepted should be developed under the IMS umbrella.Harmonised assessment and economic justification models for new manufacturing systems.2. Process issuesTo enable the needs for rapid response to changing requirements and to saving human and material resources and to improving working conditions for employees the following themes can be identified.- Clean manufacturing processes that can minimise effects on environment. Process emission minimised systems. Process disposal minimised systems.- Factory (process) life-cycle pre-assessed systems.Minimum consumption of energy. Energy efficient processes that can meet manufacturing requirements with minimum consumption of energy. a sua própria participação e contribuirá de maneira equitativa, em dinheiro ou em espécie, para os custos do secretariado inter-regional IMS. O secretariado funcionará e procederá de acordo com os princípios enunciados nas especificações técnicas. A Comunidade Europeia está pronta a acolher o secretariado inter-regional no período a decidir conjuntamente pelas regiões participantes.O presente acordo de cooperação terá uma vigência de 10 anos. Cada região participante pode retirar-se a qualquer momento mediante a apresentação de um pré-aviso de 12 meses. Os participantes procederão à revisão do programa cinco anos após o seu lançamento.A Comunidade Europeia e a Noruega reservam-se o direito de agir como uma única região europeia.A presente carta, juntamente com a sua aceitação pelas regiões participantes, subscreve as especificações técnicas e estabelece o entendimento comum sobre os princípios da cooperação no domínio dos IMS. Agradecia que Vossa Excelência me confirmasse este entendimento, logo que possível."Tenho a honra de confirmar o acordo do meu governo sobre o conteúdo da carta de Vossa Excelência.Pelo Governo da NoruegaE. Carta da SuíçaExcelência,Tenho a honra de me referir à carta de Vossa Excelência de ..., do seguinte teor:"Reporto-me ao Acordo relativo a actividades de investigação e desenvolvimento no domínio dos sistemas inteligentes de fabrico (IMS) concluído em 1997 e 2001, respectivamente, entre a Comunidade Europeia e a Austrália, o Canadá, os Estados membros da EFTA Noruega e Suíça, a Coreia, o Japão e os Estados Unidos da América.O objectivo da presente carta é estabelecer o entendimento comum obtido sobre a renovação e alteração do referido Acordo de cooperação, tal como exposto nas especificações técnicas apensas à presente carta.As regiões participantes trabalharão em cooperação no sentido de impulsionar a competitividade industrial, resolver problemas que se colocam a nível mundial no domínio do fabrico e desenvolver tecnologias e sistemas de fabrico avançados. Essa cooperação garantirá um equilíbrio entre benefícios e contributos, será importante em termos industriais e basear-se-á no princípio da compreensão e interesse mútuos.O financiamento das actividades de cooperação ficará sujeito à disponibilidade financeira e à legislação e regras aplicáveis das regiões participantes. Cada região participante financiará a sua própria participação e contribuirá de maneira equitativa, em dinheiro ou em espécie, para os custos do secretariado inter-regional IMS. O secretariado funcionará e procederá de acordo com os princípios enunciados nas especificações técnicas. A Comunidade Europeia está pronta a acolher o secretariado inter-regional no período a decidir conjuntamente pelas regiões participantes.O presente acordo de cooperação terá uma vigência de 10 anos. Cada região