of crime or property, in accordance with its domestic law or administrative procedures. Article 15 Jurisdiction 1. Each State Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences established in accordance with Articles 5, 6, 8 and 23 of this Convention when: (a) The offence is committed in the territory of that State Party; or (b) The offence is committed on board a vessel that is flying the flag of that State Party or an aircraft that is registered under the laws of that State Party at the time that the offence is committed. 2. Subject to Article 4 of this Convention, a State Party may also establish its jurisdiction over any such offence when: (a) the offence is committed against a national of that State Party; (b) the offence is committed by a national of that State Party or a stateless person who has his or her habitual residence in its territory; or (c) the offence is: (i) one of those established in accordance with Article 5(1), of this Convention and is committed outside its territory with a view to the commission of a serious crime within its territory; (ii) one of those established in accordance with Article 6(1)(b)(ii), of this Convention and is committed outside its territory with a view to the commission of an offence established in accordance with Article 6(1)(a)(i) or (ii) or (b) (i), of this Convention within its territory. 3. For the purposes of Article 16(10), of this Convention, each State Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences covered by this Convention when the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite such person solely on the ground that he or she is one of its nationals. 4. Each State Party may also adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences covered by this Convention when the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite him or her. 5. If a State Party exercising its jurisdiction under paragraph 1 or 2 of this Article has been notified, or has otherwise learned, that one or more other States Parties are conducting an investigation, prosecution or judicial proceeding in respect of the same conduct, the competent authorities of those States Parties shall, as appropriate, consult one another with a view to coordinating their actions. 6. Without prejudice to norms of general international law, this Convention does not exclude the exercise of any criminal jurisdiction established by a State Party in accordance with its domestic law. Article 16 Extradition 1. This Article shall apply to the offences covered by this Convention or in cases where an offence referred to in Article 3(1)(a) or (b), involves an organised criminal group and the person who is the subject of the request for extradition is located in the territory of the requested State Party, provided that the offence for which extradition is sought is punishable under the domestic law of both the requesting State Party and the requested State Party. 2. If the request for extradition includes several separate serious crimes, some of which are not covered by this Article, the requested State Party may apply this Article also in respect of the latter offences. 3. Each of the offences to which this Article applies shall be deemed to be included as an extraditable offence in any extradition treaty existing between States Parties. States Parties undertake to include such offences as extraditable offences in every extradition treaty to be concluded between them. 4. If a State Party that makes extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty receives a request for extradition from another State Party with which it has no extradition treaty, it may consider this Convention the legal basis for extradition in respect of any offence to which this Article applies. 5. States Parties that make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall: (a) at the time of deposit of their instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval of or accession to this Convention, inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations whether they will take this Convention as the legal basis for cooperation on extradition with other States Parties to this Convention; and (b) if they do not take this Convention as the legal basis for cooperation on extradition, seek, where appropriate, to conclude treaties on extradition with other States Parties to this Convention in order to implement this Article. 6. States Parties that do not make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall recognise offences to which this Article applies as extraditable offences between themselves. 7. Extradition shall be subject to the conditions provided for by the domestic law of the requested State Party or by applicable extradition treaties, including, inter alia , conditions in relation to the minimum penalty requirement for extradition and the grounds upon which the requested State Party may refuse
of this Article, the Conference of the Parties shall acquire the necessary knowledge of the measures taken by States Parties in implementing this Convention and the difficulties encountered by them in doing so through information provided by them and through such supplemental review mechanisms as may be established by the Conference of the Parties. 5. Each State Party shall provide the Conference of the Parties with information on its programmes, plans and practices, as well as legislative and administrative measures to implement this Convention, as required by the Conference of the Parties. Article 33 Secretariat 1. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall provide the necessary secretariat services to the Conference of the Parties to the Convention. 2. The secretariat shall: (a) assist the Conference of the Parties in carrying out the activities set forth in Article 32 of this Convention and make arrangements and provide the necessary services for the sessions of the Conference of the Parties; (b) upon request, assist States Parties in providing information to the Conference of the Parties as envisaged in Article 32(5), of this Convention; and (c) ensure the necessary coordination with the secretariats of relevant international and regional organisations. Article 34 Implementation of the Convention 1. Each State Party shall take the necessary measures, including legislative and administrative measures, in accordance with fundamental principles of its domestic law, to ensure the implementation of its obligations under this Convention. 2. The offences established in accordance with Articles 5, 6, 8 and 23 of this Convention shall be established in the domestic law of each State Party independently of the transnational nature or the involvement of an organised criminal group as described in Article 3(1), of this Convention, except to the extent that Article 5 of this Convention would require the involvement of an organised criminal group. 3. Each State Party may adopt more strict or severe measures than those provided for by this Convention for preventing and combating transnational organised crime. Article 35 Settlement of disputes l. States Parties shall endeavour to settle disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention through negotiation. 2. Any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention that cannot be settled through negotiation within a reasonable time shall, at the request of one of those States Parties, be submitted to arbitration. If, six months after the date of the request for arbitration, those States Parties are unable to agree on the organisation of the arbitration, any one of those States Parties may refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in accordance with the Statute of the Court. 3. Each State Party may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance or approval of or accession to this Convention, declare that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of this Article. The other States Parties shall not be bound by paragraph 2 of this Article with respect to any State Party that has made such a reservation. 4. Any State Party that has made a reservation in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article may at any time withdraw that reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Article 36 Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval and accession 1. This Convention shall be open to all States for signature from 12 to 15 December 2000 in Palermo, Italy, and thereafter at United Nations Headquarters in New York until 12 December 2002 . 2. This Convention shall also be open for signature by regional economic integration organisations provided that at least one Member State of such organisation has signed this Convention in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article. 3. This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. A regional economic integration organisation may deposit its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval if at least one of its Member States has done likewise. In that instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval, such organisation shall declare the extent of its competence with respect to the matters governed by this Convention. Such organisation shall also inform the depositary of any relevant modification in the extent of its competence. 4. This Convention is open for accession by any State or any regional economic integration organisation of which at least one Member State is a Party to this Convention. Instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. At the time of its accession, a regional economic integration organisation shall declare the extent of its competence with respect to matters governed by this Convention. Such organisation shall also inform the depositary of any relevant modification in the extent of its competence. Article 37 Relation with protocols 1. This Convention may be supplemented by one or more protocols. 2. In order to become a Party to a protocol, a State or a regional economic integration organisation must also be a Party to this Convention. 3. A State général de l'Organisation des Nations unies est le dépositaire de la présente convention. 2. L'original de la présente convention, dont les textes anglais, arabe, chinois, espagnol, français et russe font également foi, sera déposé auprès du secrétaire général de l'Organisation des Nations unies. EN FOI DE QUOI, les plénipotentiaires soussignés, à ce dûment autorisés par leurs gouvernements respectifs, ont signé la présente convention. Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra la Delincuencia Organizada Transnacional Artículo 1 Finalidad El propósito de la presente Convención es promover la cooperación para prevenir y combatir más eficazmente la delincuencia organizada transnacional. Artículo 2 Definiciones Para los fines de la presente Convención: a) por «grupo delictivo organizado» se entenderá un grupo estructurado de tres o más personas que exista durante cierto tiempo y que actúe concertadamente con el propósito de cometer uno o más delitos graves o delitos tipificados con arreglo a la presente Convención con miras a obtener, directa o indirectamente, un beneficio económico u otro beneficio de orden material; b) por «delito grave» se entenderá la conducta que constituya un delito punible con una privación de libertad máxima de al menos cuatro años o con una pena más grave; c) por «grupo estructurado» se entenderá un grupo no formado fortuitamente para la comisión inmediata de un delito y en el que no necesariamente se haya asignado a sus miembros funciones formalmente definidas ni haya continuidad en la condición de miembro o exista una estructura desarrollada; d) por «bienes» se entenderá los activos de cualquier tipo, corporales o incorporales, muebles o inmuebles, tangibles o intangibles, y los documentos o instrumentos legales que acrediten la propiedad u otros derechos sobre dichos activos; e) por «producto del delito» se entenderá los bienes de cualquier índole derivados u obtenidos directa o indirectamente de la comisión de un delito; f) por «embargo preventivo» o «incautación» se entenderá la prohibición temporal de transferir, convertir, enajenar o mover bienes, o la custodia o el control temporales de bienes por mandamiento expedido por un tribunal u otra autoridad competente; g) por «decomiso» se entenderá la privación con carácter definitivo de bienes por decisión de un tribunal o de otra autoridad competente; h) por «delito determinante» se entenderá todo delito del que se derive un producto que pueda pasar a constituir materia de un delito definido en el artículo 6 de la presente Convención; i) por «entrega vigilada» se entenderá la técnica consistente en dejar que remesas ilícitas o sospechosas salgan del territorio de uno o más Estados, lo atraviesen o entren en él, con el conocimiento y bajo la supervisión de sus autoridades competentes, con el fin de investigar delitos e identificar a las personas involucradas en la comisión de éstos; j) por «organización regional de integración económica» se de personas presuntamente implicadas en tales delitos o la ubicación de otras personas interesadas, ii) el movimiento del producto del delito o de bienes derivados de la comisión de esos delitos, iii) el movimiento de bienes, equipo u otros instrumentos utilizados o destinados a utilizarse en la comisión de esos delitos; c) proporcionar, cuando proceda, los elementos o las cantidades de sustancias que se requieran para fines de análisis o investigación; d) facilitar una coordinación eficaz entre sus organismos, autoridades y servicios competentes y promover el intercambio de personal y otros expertos, incluida la designación de oficiales de enlace, con sujeción a acuerdos o arreglos bilaterales entre los Estados Parte interesados; e) intercambiar información con otros Estados Parte sobre los medios y métodos concretos empleados por los grupos delictivos organizados, así como, cuando proceda, sobre las rutas y los medios de transporte y el uso de identidades falsas, documentos alterados o falsificados u otros medios de encubrir sus actividades; f) intercambiar información y coordinar las medidas administrativas y de otra índole adoptadas con miras a la pronta detección de los delitos comprendidos en la presente Convención. 2. Los Estados Parte, con miras a dar efecto a la presente Convención, considerarán la posibilidad de celebrar acuerdos o arreglos bilaterales o multilaterales en materia de cooperación directa entre sus respectivos organismos encargados de hacer cumplir la ley y, cuando tales acuerdos o arreglos ya existan, de enmendarlos. A falta de tales acuerdos o arreglos entre los Estados Parte interesados, las Partes podrán considerar la presente Convención como la base para la cooperación en materia de cumplimiento de la ley respecto de los delitos comprendidos en la presente Convención. Cuando proceda, los Estados Parte recurrirán plenamente a la celebración de acuerdos y arreglos, incluso con organizaciones internacionales o regionales, con miras a aumentar la cooperación entre sus respectivos organismos encargados de hacer cumplir la ley. 3. Los Estados Parte se esforzarán por colaborar en la medida de sus posibilidades para hacer frente a la delincuencia organizada transnacional cometida mediante el recurso a la tecnología moderna. Artículo 28 Recopilación, intercambio y análisis de información sobre la naturaleza de la delincuencia organizada 1. Los Estados Parte considerarán la posibilidad de analizar, en consulta con los círculos científicos y académicos, las tendencias de la delincuencia organizada en su territorio, las circunstancias en que actúa la delincuencia organizada, así como los grupos profesionales y las tecnologías involucrados. 2. Los Estados Parte considerarán la posibilidad de desarrollar y compartir experiencia analítica acerca de las actividades de la delincuencia organizada, tanto a nivel bilateral como por conducto de organizaciones internacionales y regionales. A tal fin, se establecerán y aplicarán, según proceda, definiciones, normas y metodologías comunes. 3. Los Estados Parte considerarán la posibilidad partie peut adopter les mesures législatives ou autres qui sont nécessaires pour tenir compte, dans les conditions et aux fins qu'il juge appropriées, de toute condamnation dont l'auteur présumé d'une infraction aurait antérieurement fait l'objet dans un autre État, afin d'utiliser cette information dans le cadre d'une procédure pénale relative à une infraction visée par la présente convention. Article 23 Incrimination de l'entrave au bon fonctionnement de la justice Chaque État partie adopte les mesures législatives et autres qui sont nécessaires pour conférer le caractère d'infraction pénale, lorsque les actes ont été commis intentionnellement: a) au fait de recourir à la force physique, à des menaces ou à l'intimidation ou de promettre, d'offrir ou d'accorder un avantage indu pour obtenir un faux témoignage ou empêcher un témoignage ou la présentation d'éléments de preuve dans une procédure en rapport avec la commission d'infractions visées par la présente convention; b) au fait de recourir à la force physique, à des menaces ou à l'intimidation pour empêcher un agent de la justice ou un agent des services de détection et de répression d'exercer les devoirs de leur charge lors de la commission d'infractions visées par la présente convention. Rien dans le présent point ne porte atteinte au droit des États parties de disposer d'une législation destinée à protéger d'autres catégories d'agents publics. Article 24 Protection des témoins 1. Chaque État partie prend, dans la limite de ses moyens, des mesures appropriées pour assurer une protection efficace contre des actes éventuels de représailles ou d'intimidation aux témoins qui, dans le cadre de procédures pénales, font un témoignage concernant les infractions visées par la présente convention et, le cas échéant, à leurs parents et à d'autres personnes qui leur sont proches. 2. Les mesures envisagées au paragraphe 1 peuvent consister notamment, sans préjudice des droits du défendeur, y compris du droit à une procédure régulière: a) à établir, pour la protection physique de ces personnes, des procédures visant notamment, selon les besoins et dans la mesure du possible, à leur fournir un nouveau domicile et à permettre, le cas échéant, que les renseignements concernant leur identité et le lieu où elles se trouvent ne soient pas divulgués ou que leur divulgation soit limitée; b) à prévoir des règles de preuve qui permettent aux témoins de déposer d'une manière qui garantisse leur sécurité, notamment à les autoriser à déposer en recourant à des techniques de communication telles que les liaisons vidéo ou à d'autres moyens adéquats. 3. Les États parties envisagent de conclure des arrangements avec d'autres États en vue de fournir un nouveau domicile aux personnes mentionnées au paragraphe 1. 4. Les dispositions du présent article s'appliquent également aux victimes lorsqu'elles sont témoins. Article 25 Octroi d'une assistance et d'une protection aux victimes 1. Chaque État partie prend, dans la limite de ses moyens, des mesures