des connaissances spécialisées dans les domaines visés au paragraphe 1 et, à cette fin, mettent aussi à profit, lorsqu'il y a lieu, des conférences et séminaires régionaux et internationaux pour favoriser la coopération et stimuler les échanges de vues sur les problèmes communs, y compris les problèmes et besoins particuliers des États de transit. 3. Les États parties encouragent les activités de formation et d'assistance technique de nature à faciliter l'extradition et l'entraide judiciaire. Ces activités de formation et d'assistance technique peuvent inclure une formation linguistique, des détachements et des échanges entre les personnels des autorités centrales ou des organismes ayant des responsabilités dans les domaines visés. 4. Lorsqu'il existe des accords ou arrangements bilatéraux et multilatéraux en vigueur, les États parties renforcent, autant qu'il est nécessaire, les mesures prises pour optimiser les activités opérationnelles et de formation au sein des organisations internationales et régionales et dans le cadre d'autres accords ou arrangements bilatéraux et multilatéraux en la matière. Article 30 Autres mesures: application de la convention par le développement économique et l'assistance technique 1. Les États parties prennent des mesures propres à assurer la meilleure application possible de la présente convention par la coopération internationale, compte tenu des effets négatifs de la criminalité organisée sur la société en général, et sur le développement durable en particulier. 2. Les États parties font des efforts concrets, dans la mesure du possible, et en coordination les uns avec les autres ainsi qu'avec les organisations régionales et internationales: a) pour développer leur coopération à différents niveaux avec les pays en développement, en vue de renforcer la capacité de ces derniers à prévenir et combattre la criminalité transnationale organisée; b) pour accroître l'assistance financière et matérielle à fournir aux pays en développement afin d'appuyer les efforts qu'ils déploient pour lutter efficacement contre la criminalité transnationale organisée et de les aider à appliquer la présente convention avec succès; c) pour fournir une assistance technique aux pays en développement et aux pays à économie en transition afin de les aider à répondre à leurs besoins aux fins de l'application de la présente convention. Pour ce faire, les États parties s'efforcent de verser volontairement des contributions adéquates et régulières à un compte établi à cet effet dans le cadre d'un mécanisme de financement des Nations unies. Les États parties peuvent aussi envisager spécialement, conformément à leur droit interne et aux dispositions de la présente convention, de verser au compte susvisé un pourcentage des fonds ou de la valeur correspondante du produit du crime ou des biens confisqués en application des dispositions de la présente convention; d) pour encourager et convaincre d'autres États et des institutions financières, selon qu'il convient, de s'associer aux efforts faits conformément au présent article, notamment en fournissant aux pays en développement davantage de programmes de formation et de matériel moderne afin de les aider à atteindre les objectifs de la présente convention. 3. Autant que possible, ces mesures sont prises sans préjudice des engagements existants en matière d'assistance étrangère ou d'autres arrangements de coopération
y de las dificultades encontradas por los Estados Parte en aplicación de la presente Convención mediante la información que ellos le faciliten y mediante los demás mecanismos de examen que establezca la Conferencia de las Partes. 5. Cada Estado Parte facilitará a la Conferencia de las Partes información sobre sus programas, planes y prácticas, así como sobre las medidas legislativas y administrativas adoptadas para aplicar la presente Convención, según lo requiera la Conferencia de las Partes. Artículo 33 Secretaría 1. El Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas prestará los servicios de secretaría necesarios a la Conferencia de las Partes en la Convención. 2. La secretaría: a) prestará asistencia a la Conferencia de las Partes en la realización de las actividades enunciadas en el artículo 32 de la presente Convención y organizará los períodos de sesiones de la Conferencia de las Partes y les prestará los servicios necesarios; b) prestará asistencia a los Estados Parte que la soliciten en el suministro de información a la Conferencia de las Partes según lo previsto en el párrafo 5 del artículo 32 de la presente Convención, y c) velará por la coordinación necesaria con la secretaría de otras organizaciones internacionales y regionales pertinentes. Artículo 34 Aplicación de la Convención 1. Cada Estado Parte adoptará, de conformidad con los principios fundamentales de su derecho interno, las medidas que sean necesarias, incluidas medidas legislativas y administrativas, para garantizar el cumplimiento de sus obligaciones con arreglo a la presente Convención. 2. Los Estados Parte tipificarán en su derecho interno los delitos tipificados de conformidad con los artículos 5, 6, 8 y 23 de la presente Convención independientemente del carácter transnacional o la participación de un grupo delictivo organizado según la definición contenida en el párrafo 1 del artículo 3 de la presente Convención, salvo en la medida en que el artículo 5 de la presente Convención exija la participación de un grupo delictivo organizado. 3. Cada Estado Parte podrá adoptar medidas más estrictas o severas que las previstas en la presente Convención a fin de prevenir y combatir la delincuencia organizada transnacional. Artículo 35 Solución de controversias 1. Los Estados Parte procurarán solucionar toda controversia relacionada con la interpretación o aplicación de la presente Convención mediante la negociación. 2. Toda controversia entre dos o más Estados Parte acerca de la interpretación o la aplicación de la presente Convención que no pueda resolverse mediante la negociación dentro de un plazo razonable deberá, a solicitud de uno de esos Estados Parte, someterse a arbitraje. Si, seis meses después de la fecha de la solicitud de arbitraje, esos Estados Parte no han podido ponerse de acuerdo sobre la organización del arbitraje, cualquiera de esos Estados Parte podrá remitir la controversia a la Corte Internacional de Justicia mediante solicitud conforme al Estatuto de la Corte. 3. Cada Estado Parte podrá, en el momento de la firma, ratificación, of crime or property, in accordance with its domestic law or administrative procedures. Article 15 Jurisdiction 1. Each State Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences established in accordance with Articles 5, 6, 8 and 23 of this Convention when: (a) The offence is committed in the territory of that State Party; or (b) The offence is committed on board a vessel that is flying the flag of that State Party or an aircraft that is registered under the laws of that State Party at the time that the offence is committed. 2. Subject to Article 4 of this Convention, a State Party may also establish its jurisdiction over any such offence when: (a) the offence is committed against a national of that State Party; (b) the offence is committed by a national of that State Party or a stateless person who has his or her habitual residence in its territory; or (c) the offence is: (i) one of those established in accordance with Article 5(1), of this Convention and is committed outside its territory with a view to the commission of a serious crime within its territory; (ii) one of those established in accordance with Article 6(1)(b)(ii), of this Convention and is committed outside its territory with a view to the commission of an offence established in accordance with Article 6(1)(a)(i) or (ii) or (b) (i), of this Convention within its territory. 3. For the purposes of Article 16(10), of this Convention, each State Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences covered by this Convention when the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite such person solely on the ground that he or she is one of its nationals. 4. Each State Party may also adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences covered by this Convention when the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite him or her. 5. If a State Party exercising its jurisdiction under paragraph 1 or 2 of this Article has been notified, or has otherwise learned, that one or more other States Parties are conducting an investigation, prosecution or judicial proceeding in respect of the same conduct, the competent authorities of those States Parties shall, as appropriate, consult one another with a view to coordinating their actions. 6. Without prejudice to norms of general international law, this Convention does not exclude the exercise of any criminal jurisdiction established by a State Party in accordance with its domestic law. Article 16 Extradition 1. This Article shall apply to the offences covered by this Convention or in cases where an offence referred to in Article 3(1)(a) or (b), involves an organised criminal group and the person who is the subject of the request for extradition is located in the territory of the requested State Party, provided that the offence for which extradition is sought is punishable under the domestic law of both the requesting State Party and the requested State Party. 2. If the request for extradition includes several separate serious crimes, some of which are not covered by this Article, the requested State Party may apply this Article also in respect of the latter offences. 3. Each of the offences to which this Article applies shall be deemed to be included as an extraditable offence in any extradition treaty existing between States Parties. States Parties undertake to include such offences as extraditable offences in every extradition treaty to be concluded between them. 4. If a State Party that makes extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty receives a request for extradition from another State Party with which it has no extradition treaty, it may consider this Convention the legal basis for extradition in respect of any offence to which this Article applies. 5. States Parties that make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall: (a) at the time of deposit of their instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval of or accession to this Convention, inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations whether they will take this Convention as the legal basis for cooperation on extradition with other States Parties to this Convention; and (b) if they do not take this Convention as the legal basis for cooperation on extradition, seek, where appropriate, to conclude treaties on extradition with other States Parties to this Convention in order to implement this Article. 6. States Parties that do not make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall recognise offences to which this Article applies as extraditable offences between themselves. 7. Extradition shall be subject to the conditions provided for by the domestic law of the requested State Party or by applicable extradition treaties, including, inter alia , conditions in relation to the minimum penalty requirement for extradition and the grounds upon which the requested State Party may refuse either or both of the following as criminal offences distinct from those involving the attempt or completion of the criminal activity: (i) agreeing with one or more other persons to commit a serious crime for a purpose relating directly or indirectly to the obtaining of a financial or other material benefit and, where required by domestic law, involving an act undertaken by one of the participants in furtherance of the agreement or involving an organised criminal group; (ii) conduct by a person who, with knowledge of either the aim and general criminal activity of an organised criminal group or its intention to commit the crimes in question, takes an active part in: a. criminal activities of the organised criminal group; b. other activities of the organised criminal group in the knowledge that his or her participation will contribute to the achievement of the above-described criminal aim; (b) organising, directing, aiding, abetting, facilitating or counselling the commission of serious crime involving an organised criminal group. 2. The knowledge, intent, aim, purpose or agreement referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article may be inferred from objective factual circumstances. 3. States Parties whose domestic law requires involvement of an organised criminal group for purposes of the offences established in accordance with paragraph 1(a)(i) of this article shall ensure that their domestic law covers all serious crimes involving organised criminal groups. Such States Parties, as well as States Parties whose domestic law requires an act in furtherance of the agreement for purposes of the offences established in accordance with paragraph 1(a) (i) of this article, shall so inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations at the time of their signature or of deposit of their instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of or accession to this Convention. Article 6 Criminalisation of the laundering of proceeds of crime 1. Each State Party shall adopt, in accordance with fundamental principles of its domestic law, such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences, when committed intentionally: (a) (i) the conversion or transfer of property, knowing that such property is the proceeds of crime, for the purpose of concealing or disguising the illicit origin of the property or of helping any person who is involved in the commission of the predicate offence to evade the legal consequences of his or her action; (ii) the concealment or disguise of the true nature, source, location, disposition, movement or ownership of or rights with respect to property, knowing that such property is the proceeds of crime; (b) subject to the basic concepts of its legal system: (i) the acquisition, possession or use of property, knowing, at the time of receipt, that such property is the proceeds of crime; (ii) participation in, association with or conspiracy to commit, attempts to commit and aiding, abetting, facilitating and counselling the commission of any of the offences established in accordance with this Article. 2. For purposes of implementing or applying paragraph 1 of this Article: (a) each State Party shall seek to apply paragraph 1 of this Article to the widest range of predicate offences; (b) each State Party shall include as predicate offences all serious crime as defined in Article 2 of this Convention and the offences established in accordance with Articles 5, 8 and 23 of this Convention. In the case of States Parties whose legislation sets out a list of specific predicate offences, they shall, at a minimum, include in such list a comprehensive range of offences associated with organised criminal groups; (c) for the purposes of subparagraph (b), predicate offences shall include offences committed both within and outside the jurisdiction of the State Party in question. However, offences committed outside the jurisdiction of a State Party shall constitute predicate offences only when the relevant conduct is a criminal offence under the domestic law of the State where it is committed and would be a criminal offence under the domestic law of the State Party implementing or applying this Article had it been committed there; (d) each State Party shall furnish copies of its laws that give effect to this Article and of any subsequent changes to such laws or a description thereof to the Secretary-General of the United Nations; (e) if required by fundamental principles of the domestic law of a State Party, it may be provided that the offences set forth in paragraph 1 of this Article do not apply to the persons who committed the predicate offence; (f) knowledge, intent or purpose required as an element of an offence set forth in paragraph 1 of this Article may be inferred from objective factual circumstances. Article 7 Measures to combat money-laundering 1. Each State Party: (a) shall institute a comprehensive domestic regulatory and supervisory regime for banks and non-bank financial institutions and, where appropriate, other bodies particularly susceptible to money-laundering, within its competence, in order to 7 Measures to combat money-laundering 1. Each State Party: (a) shall institute a comprehensive domestic regulatory and supervisory regime for banks and non-bank financial institutions and, where appropriate, other bodies particularly susceptible to money-laundering, within its competence, in order to deter and detect all forms of money-laundering, which regime shall emphasise requirements for customer identification, record-keeping and the reporting of suspicious transactions; (b) shall, without prejudice to Articles 18 and 27 of this Convention, ensure that administrative, regulatory, law enforcement and other authorities dedicated to combating money-laundering (including, where appropriate under domestic law, judicial authorities) have the ability to cooperate and exchange information at the national and international levels within the conditions prescribed by its domestic law and, to that end, shall consider the establishment of a financial intelligence unit to serve as a national centre for the collection, analysis and dissemination of information regarding potential money-laundering. 2. States Parties shall consider implementing feasible measures to detect and monitor the movement of cash and appropriate negotiable instruments across their borders, subject to safeguards to ensure proper use of information and without impeding in any way the movement of legitimate capital. Such measures may include a requirement that individuals and businesses report the cross-border transfer of substantial quantities of cash and appropriate negotiable instruments. 3. In establishing a domestic regulatory and supervisory regime under the terms of this Article, and without prejudice to any other Article of this Convention, States Parties are called upon to use as a guideline the relevant initiatives of regional, interregional and multilateral organisations against money-laundering. 4. States Parties shall endeavour to develop and promote global, regional, subregional and bilateral cooperation among judicial, law enforcement and financial regulatory authorities in order to combat money-laundering. Article 8 Criminalisation of corruption 1. Each State Party shall adopt such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences, when committed intentionally: (a) the promise, offering or giving to a public official, directly or indirectly, of an undue advantage, for the official himself or herself or another person or entity, in order that the official act or refrain from acting in the exercise of his or her official duties; (b) t he solicitation or acceptance by a public official, directly or indirectly, of an undue advantage, for the official himself or herself or another person or entity, in order that the official act or refrain from acting in the exercise of his or her official duties. 2. Each State Party shall consider adopting such legislative and other measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences conduct referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article involving a foreign public official or international civil servant. Likewise, each State Party shall consider establishing as criminal offences other forms of corruption. 3. Each State Party shall also adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish as a criminal offence participation as an accomplice in an offence established in accordance with this Article. 4. For the purposes of paragraph 1 of this Article and Article 9 of this Convention, «public official» shall mean a public official or a person who provides a public service as defined in the domestic law and as applied in the criminal law of the State Party in which the person in question performs that function. Article 9 Measures against corruption 1. In addition to the measures set forth in Article 8 of this Convention, each State Party shall, to the extent appropriate and consistent with its legal system, adopt legislative, administrative or other effective measures to promote integrity and to prevent, detect and punish the corruption of public officials. 2. Each State Party shall take measures to ensure effective action by its authorities in the prevention, detection and punishment of the corruption of public officials, including providing such authorities with adequate independence to deter the exertion of inappropriate influence on their actions. Article 10 Liability of legal persons 1. Each State Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary, consistent with its legal principles, to establish the liability of legal persons for participation in serious crimes involving an organised criminal group and for the offences established in accordance with Articles 5, 6, 8 and 23 of this Convention. 2. Subject to the legal principles of the State Party, the liability of legal persons may be criminal, civil or administrative. 3. Such liability shall be without prejudice to the criminal liability of the natural persons who have committed the offences. 4. Each State Party shall, in particular, ensure that legal persons held liable in accordance with this Article are subject to effective, proportionate and dissuasive criminal or non-criminal sanctions, including monetary sanctions. Article 11 Prosecution, adjudication and sanctions 1. Each State Party shall make the commission of an offence established in accordance with Articles 5, 6, 8 and 23 of this