Avis juridique important|22004A0806(04)United Nations Convention against transnational organised crime - Declarations Jornal Oficial nº L 261 de 06/08/2004 p. 0070 - 0115
in cases of threat of retaliation or intimidation. 2. Each State Party shall establish appropriate procedures to provide access to compensation and restitution for victims of offences covered by this Convention. 3. Each State Party shall, subject to its domestic law, enable views and concerns of victims to be presented and considered at appropriate stages of criminal proceedings against offenders in a manner not prejudicial to the rights of the defence. Article 26 Measures to enhance cooperation with law enforcement authorities 1. Each State Party shall take appropriate measures to encourage persons who participate or who have participated in organised criminal groups: (a) to supply information useful to competent authorities for investigative and evidentiary purposes on such matters as: (i) the identity, nature, composition, structure, location or activities of organised criminal groups; (ii) links, including international links, with other organised criminal groups; (iii) offences that organised criminal groups have committed or may commit; (b) to provide factual, concrete help to competent authorities that may contribute to depriving organised criminal groups of their resources or of the proceeds of crime. 2. Each State Party shall consider providing for the possibility, in appropriate cases, of mitigating punishment of an accused person who provides substantial cooperation in the investigation or prosecution of an offence covered by this Convention. 3. Each State Party shall consider providing for the possibility, in accordance with fundamental principles of its domestic law, of granting immunity from prosecution to a person who provides substantial cooperation in the investigation or prosecution of an offence covered by this Convention. 4. Protection of such persons shall be as provided for in Article 24 of this Convention. 5. Where a person referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article located in one State Party can provide substantial cooperation to the competent authorities of another State Party, the States Parties concerned may consider entering into agreements or arrangements, in accordance with their domestic law, concerning the potential provision by the other State Party of the treatment set forth in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article. Article 27 Law enforcement cooperation 1. States Parties shall cooperate closely with one another, consistent with their respective domestic legal and administrative systems, to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement action to combat the offences covered by this Convention. Each State Party shall, in particular, adopt effective measures: (a) to enhance and, where necessary, to establish channels of communication between their competent authorities, agencies and services in order to facilitate the secure and rapid exchange of information concerning all aspects of the offences covered by this Convention, including, if the States Parties concerned deem it appropriate, links with other criminal activities; (b) to cooperate with other States Parties in conducting inquiries with respect to offences covered by this Convention concerning: (i) the identity, whereabouts and activities of persons suspected of involvement in such offences or the location of other persons concerned; (ii) the movement of proceeds of crime or property derived from the commission of such offences; (iii) the movement of property, equipment or other instrumentalities used or intended for use in the commission of such offences; (c) to provide, when appropriate, necessary items or quantities of substances for analytical or investigative purposes; (d) to facilitate effective coordination between their competent authorities, agencies and services and to promote the exchange of personnel and other experts, including, subject to bilateral agreements or arrangements between the States Parties concerned, the posting of liaison officers; (e) to exchange information with other States Parties on specific means and methods used by organised criminal groups, including, where applicable, routes and conveyances and the use of false identities, altered or false documents or other means of concealing their activities; (f) to exchange information and coordinate administrative and other measures taken as appropriate for the purpose of early identification of the offences covered by this Convention. 2. With a view to giving effect to this Convention, States Parties shall consider entering into bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements on direct cooperation between their law enforcement agencies and, where such agreements or arrangements already exist, amending them. In the absence of such agreements or arrangements between the States Parties concerned, the Parties may consider this Convention as the basis for mutual law enforcement cooperation in respect of the offences covered by this Convention. Whenever appropriate, States Parties shall make full use of agreements or arrangements, including international or regional organisations, to enhance the cooperation between their law enforcement agencies. 3. States Parties shall endeavour to cooperate within their means to respond to transnational organised crime committed through the use of modern technology. Article 28 Collection, exchange and analysis of information on the nature of organised crime 1. Each State Party shall consider analysing, in consultation with the scientific and academic communities, trends in organised crime in its territory, the circumstances in which organised crime operates, as well as the professional groups and technologies involved. 2. States Parties shall of crime or property, in accordance with its domestic law or administrative procedures. Article 15 Jurisdiction 1. Each State Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences established in accordance with Articles 5, 6, 8 and 23 of this Convention when: (a) The offence is committed in the territory of that State Party; or (b) The offence is committed on board a vessel that is flying the flag of that State Party or an aircraft that is registered under the laws of that State Party at the time that the offence is committed. 2. Subject to Article 4 of this Convention, a State Party may also establish its jurisdiction over any such offence when: (a) the offence is committed against a national of that State Party; (b) the offence is committed by a national of that State Party or a stateless person who has his or her habitual residence in its territory; or (c) the offence is: (i) one of those established in accordance with Article 5(1), of this Convention and is committed outside its territory with a view to the commission of a serious crime within its territory; (ii) one of those established in accordance with Article 6(1)(b)(ii), of this Convention and is committed outside its territory with a view to the commission of an offence established in accordance with Article 6(1)(a)(i) or (ii) or (b) (i), of this Convention within its territory. 3. For the purposes of Article 16(10), of this Convention, each State Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences covered by this Convention when the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite such person solely on the ground that he or she is one of its nationals. 4. Each State Party may also adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offences covered by this Convention when the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite him or her. 5. If a State Party exercising its jurisdiction under paragraph 1 or 2 of this Article has been notified, or has otherwise learned, that one or more other States Parties are conducting an investigation, prosecution or judicial proceeding in respect of the same conduct, the competent authorities of those States Parties shall, as appropriate, consult one another with a view to coordinating their actions. 6. Without prejudice to norms of general international law, this Convention does not exclude the exercise of any criminal jurisdiction established by a State Party in accordance with its domestic law. Article 16 Extradition 1. This Article shall apply to the offences covered by this Convention or in cases where an offence referred to in Article 3(1)(a) or (b), involves an organised criminal group and the person who is the subject of the request for extradition is located in the territory of the requested State Party, provided that the offence for which extradition is sought is punishable under the domestic law of both the requesting State Party and the requested State Party. 2. If the request for extradition includes several separate serious crimes, some of which are not covered by this Article, the requested State Party may apply this Article also in respect of the latter offences. 3. Each of the offences to which this Article applies shall be deemed to be included as an extraditable offence in any extradition treaty existing between States Parties. States Parties undertake to include such offences as extraditable offences in every extradition treaty to be concluded between them. 4. If a State Party that makes extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty receives a request for extradition from another State Party with which it has no extradition treaty, it may consider this Convention the legal basis for extradition in respect of any offence to which this Article applies. 5. States Parties that make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall: (a) at the time of deposit of their instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval of or accession to this Convention, inform the Secretary-General of the United Nations whether they will take this Convention as the legal basis for cooperation on extradition with other States Parties to this Convention; and (b) if they do not take this Convention as the legal basis for cooperation on extradition, seek, where appropriate, to conclude treaties on extradition with other States Parties to this Convention in order to implement this Article. 6. States Parties that do not make extradition conditional on the existence of a treaty shall recognise offences to which this Article applies as extraditable offences between themselves. 7. Extradition shall be subject to the conditions provided for by the domestic law of the requested State Party or by applicable extradition treaties, including, inter alia , conditions in relation to the minimum penalty requirement for extradition and the grounds upon which the requested State Party may refuse partie communique à la conférence des parties, comme celle-ci le requiert, des informations sur ses programmes, plans et pratiques ainsi que sur ses mesures législatives et administratives visant à appliquer la présente convention. Article 33 Secrétariat 1. Le secrétaire général de l'Organisation des Nations unies fournit les services de secrétariat nécessaires à la conférence des parties à la convention. 2. Le secrétariat: a) aide la conférence des parties à réaliser les activités énoncées à l'article 32 de la présente convention, prend des dispositions et fournit les services nécessaires pour les sessions de la conférence des parties; b) aide les États parties, sur leur demande, à fournir des informations à la conférence des parties comme le prévoit l'article 32, paragraphe 5, de la présente convention, et c) assure la coordination nécessaire avec le secrétariat des organisations régionales et internationales compétentes. Article 34 Application de la convention 1. Chaque État partie prend les mesures nécessaires, y compris législatives et administratives, conformément aux principes fondamentaux de son droit interne, pour assurer l'exécution de ses obligations en vertu de la présente convention. 2. Les infractions établies conformément aux articles 5, 6, 8 et 23 de la présente convention sont établies dans le droit interne de chaque État partie indépendamment de leur nature transnationale ou de l'implication d'un groupe criminel organisé comme énoncé à l'article 3, paragraphe 1, de la présente convention, sauf dans la mesure où, conformément à l'article 5 de la présente convention, serait requise l'implication d'un groupe criminel organisé. 3. Chaque État partie peut adopter des mesures plus strictes ou plus sévères que celles qui sont prévues par la présente convention afin de prévenir et de combattre la criminalité transnationale organisée. Article 35 Règlement des différends 1. Les États parties s'efforcent de régler les différends concernant l'interprétation ou l'application de la présente convention par voie de négociation. 2. Tout différend entre deux États parties ou plus concernant l'interprétation ou l'application de la présente convention qui ne peut être réglé par voie de négociation dans un délai raisonnable est, à la demande de l'un de ces États parties, soumis à l'arbitrage. Si, dans un délai de six mois à compter de la date de la demande d'arbitrage, les États parties ne peuvent s'entendre sur l'organisation de l'arbitrage, l'un quelconque d'entre eux peut soumettre le différend à la Cour internationale de justice en adressant une requête conformément au statut de la Cour. 3. Chaque État partie peut, au moment de la signature, de la ratification, de l'acceptation ou de l'approbation de la présente convention ou de l'adhésion à celle-ci, déclarer qu'il ne se considère pas lié par le paragraphe 2. Les autres États parties ne sont pas liés par le paragraphe 2 envers tout État partie ayant émis une telle réserve. 4. Tout État partie qui a émis une réserve en vertu du paragraphe 3 peut la retirer à tout moment en adressant une notification au secrétaire général de l'Organisation des Nations unies. Article traslado a su territorio de toda persona que haya sido condenada a pena de prisión o a otra pena de privación de libertad por algún delito comprendido en la presente Convención a fin de que complete allí su condena. Artículo 18 Asistencia judicial recíproca 1. Los Estados Parte se prestarán la más amplia asistencia judicial recíproca respecto de investigaciones, procesos y actuaciones judiciales relacionados con los delitos comprendidos en la presente Convención con arreglo a lo dispuesto en el artículo 3 y se prestarán también asistencia de esa índole cuando el Estado Parte requirente tenga motivos razonables para sospechar que el delito a que se hace referencia en los apartados a) o b) del párrafo 1 del artículo 3 es de carácter transnacional, así como que las víctimas, los testigos, el producto, los instrumentos o las pruebas de esos delitos se encuentran en el Estado Parte requerido y que el delito entraña la participación de un grupo delictivo organizado. 2. Se prestará asistencia judicial recíproca en la mayor medida posible conforme a las leyes, tratados, acuerdos y arreglos pertinentes del Estado Parte requerido con respecto a investigaciones, procesos y actuaciones judiciales relacionados con los delitos de los que una persona jurídica pueda ser considerada responsable de conformidad con el artículo 10 de la presente Convención en el Estado Parte requirente. 3. La asistencia judicial recíproca que se preste de conformidad con el presente artículo podrá solicitarse para cualquiera de los fines siguientes: a) recibir testimonios o tomar declaración a personas; b) presentar documentos judiciales; c) efectuar inspecciones e incautaciones y embargos preventivos; d) examinar objetos y lugares; e) facilitar información, elementos de prueba y evaluaciones de peritos; f) entregar originales o copias certificadas de los documentos y expedientes pertinentes, incluida la documentación pública, bancaria y financiera, así como la documentación social o comercial de sociedades mercantiles; g) identificar o localizar el producto del delito, los bienes, los instrumentos u otros elementos con fines probatorios; h) facilitar la comparecencia voluntaria de personas en el Estado Parte requirente; i) cualquier otro tipo de asistencia autorizada por el derecho interno del Estado Parte requerido. 4. Sin menoscabo del derecho interno, las autoridades competentes de un Estado Parte podrán, sin que se les solicite previamente, transmitir información relativa a cuestiones penales a una autoridad competente de otro Estado Parte si creen que esa información podría ayudar a la autoridad a emprender o concluir con éxito indagaciones y procesos penales o podría dar lugar a una petición formulada por este último Estado Parte con arreglo a la presente Convención. 5. La transmisión de información con arreglo al párrafo 4 del presente artículo se hará sin perjuicio de las indagaciones y procesos penales que tengan lugar en el Estado de las autoridades competentes que facilitan la información. Las autoridades competentes que reciben la información deberán acceder a toda solicitud de que se respete su carácter confidencial,