['141', '(', '195', ')', 'CHAPTER', 'IV', 'WOOLLEN FRAME', 'SPINNING-TWISTING-WINDING', 'FANCY', 'YARN', 'PRODUCTION', 'Frame', 'Spinning', '(', 'Woollen', ')', '.–The', 'small', 'production', 'of', 'a', 'mule', ',', 'owing', 'to', 'its', 'intermittent', 'action', ',', 'in', 'comparison', 'with', 'the', 'production', 'of', 'an', 'ordinary', 'continuous spinning frame', 'has', 'drawn', 'the', 'attention', 'of', 'many', 'inventors', ',', 'but', 'in', 'England', 'it', 'was', 'not', 'until', 'about', '1912', 'that', 'a', 'really', 'successful', 'mechanism', 'was', 'designed.', 'The', 'fundamental', 'difficulty', 'lies', 'in', 'the', 'fact', 'that', 'it', 'is', 'impossible', 'to', 'put', 'permanent', 'twist', 'into', 'a', 'sliver', 'which', 'is', 'held', 'at', 'both', 'ends.', 'Thus', 'between', 'any', 'thinkable', 'delivery rollers', 'and', 'the', 'bobbin', 'upon', 'which', 'the', 'spun', 'yarn', 'is', 'to', 'be', 'wound', ',', 'it', 'is', 'impossible', 'to', 'put', 'in', 'any', 'permanent', 'twist', 'other', 'than', 'that', 'given', 'by', 'the', 'rotation', 'of', 'the', 'delivery rollers', 'and', 'the', 'sliver', 'they', 'are', 'delivering', ';', 'or', 'by', 'the', 'rotation', 'of', 'the', 'bobbin', 'carrying', 'the', 'yarn', 'already', 'spun', ';', 'or', 'by', 'both', 'actions.', 'The', 'bobbin', ',', 'as', 'the', 'simpler', 'proposition', ',', 'is', 'rotated', 'in', 'all', 'modern spinning machines', 'But', 'the', 'twist', 'required', 'for', 'the', 'spun', 'yarn', 'is', 'far', 'too', 'much', 'for', 'the', 'purpose', 'of', '"', 'drafting-twist', ',', '"', 'so', 'that', 'any', 'frame', 'in', 'which', '“', 'drafting-twist”', 'is', 'required-to', 'allow', 'spindle', 'draft', 'to', 'be', 'applied', 'to', 'the', 'condensed', 'sliver', '--', 'must', 'have', 'at', 'least', 'two', 'distinct', 'twisting', 'actions', ':', '-', '1.', 'A', 'drafting-twist', 'action', 'combined', 'with', 'the', 'necessary', 'drafting', ';', 'and', '2.', 'A', 'yarn-twist', 'action', 'combined', 'with', 'the', 'winding', 'up', 'of', 'the', 'spun', 'yarn', 'on', 'to', 'the', 'spindle', 'or', 'bobbin', '141']
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