['107', '(', '161', ')', 'WOOLLEN', 'YARN', 'SPINNING', '1', 'spindle-draft”-is', 'the', 'most', 'important', 'from', 'the', 'actual', 'spinning', 'point', 'of', 'view.', 'From', 'the', 'mechanical', 'point', 'of', 'view', 'the', 'sixth', 'was', 'the', 'most', 'difficult', 'to', 'attain', ',', 'and', 'was', 'the', 'last', 'for', 'which', 'a', 'satisfactory', 'mechanism', 'was', 'invented.*', 'It', 'is', 'impossible', 'to', 'emphasize', 'too', 'strongly', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'spindle-draft', 'and', 'the', 'extent', 'to', 'which', 'it', 'differentiates', 'woollen', 'yarn', 'from', 'worsted', 'yarn', 'which', 'is', 'twisted', 'after', 'roller', 'drafting', 'has', 'been', 'applied.', 'In', 'the', 'first', 'case', 'the', 'twisting', 'and', 'the', 'drafting', 'conjointly', 'and', 'simultaneously', 'decide', 'the', 'position', 'of', 'the', 'fibres', 'in', 'the', 'thread', ':', 'in', 'the', 'latter', 'case', 'the', 'drafting rollers', 'decide', 'the', 'relative', 'positions', 'of', 'the', 'fibres', 'and', 'the', 'twisting', 'simply', 'binds', 'the', 'fibres', 'together', 'in', 'a', 'more', 'or', 'less', 'parallel-spiral', 'form.', 'Two', 'questions', 'with', 'reference', 'to', 'woollen mule', 'spinning', 'lead', 'directly', 'on', 'to', 'a', 'thorough', 'apprehension', 'of', 'what', 'is', 'actually', 'taking', 'place-', '(', 'a', ')', 'why', 'is', 'it', 'usual', 'to', 'employ', 'such', 'a', 'thick-ended', ',', 'untapered spindle', '?', '(', 'b', ')', 'why', 'do', 'the', 'two', 'ends', 'of', 'a', 'ruptured', 'sliver', 'so', 'readily', 'join', 'together', '(', 'piecen', '”', ')', 'during', 'the', 'spinning', 'period', '?', 'The', 'effect', 'of', 'the', 'thick-ended spindle', 'can', 'be', 'felt', 'during', 'the', '"', 'spindle-draft', '"', 'on', 'the', 'hand-wheel', 'and', 'can', 'be', 'seen', 'on', 'watching', 'the', 'mule', 'itself.', 'As', 'the', 'yarn', 'slips', 'over', 'the', 'spindle tip', 'it', '“slackens', ',', '”', 'and', 'as', 'it', 'again', 'winds', 'up', 'to', 'the', 'spindle-top', 'on', 'the', 'continued', 'revolution', 'of', 'the', 'spindle', 'it', '"', 'tightens.”', 'Thus', 'the', 'drafting', 'opera-', '“', 'tion', 'in', 'woollen', 'mule', 'spinning', 'is', 'not', 'a', 'steady', 'draw', 'but', 'a', 'draw', 'in', 'which', 'there', 'is', 'a', '"', 'give', 'and', 'take', 'periodicity', ',', '"', 'in', 'time', ',', 'corresponding', 'with', 'the', 'revolutions', 'of', 'the', 'spindle', '*', 'The', 'hand-mule', ',', 'which', 'automatically', 'did', 'everything', 'except', 'wind-up', 'the', 'spun', 'yarn', 'on', 'to', 'the', 'cop', 'or', 'bobbin', 'in', 'satisfactory', 'form', ',', 'was', 'extensively', 'in', 'use', 'in', 'Yorkshire', 'up', 'to', 'twenty-five', 'years', 'ago.', '107']
[[104, 104, 'Textile Machinery'], [132, 132, 'Textile Machinery'], [160, 160, 'Textile Machinery'], [191, 191, 'Textile Machinery'], [202, 202, 'Textile Machinery'], [210, 210, 'Textile Machinery'], [218, 218, 'Textile Machinery'], [231, 231, 'Textile Machinery'], [238, 238, 'Textile Machinery'], [250, 250, 'Textile Machinery'], [281, 281, 'Textile Machinery'], [284, 284, 'Textile Machinery'], [298, 298, 'Textile Machinery'], [300, 300, 'Textile Machinery']]