221 (#293) ############################################ TYPES OF DRAWING MACHINES and front rollers is a problem probably changing with every blend being treated. With the present-day possibilities in perfect blend analysis, however, it should be possible to bring this "setting” down to basic prin- ciples. (c) Delivery Mechanisms-Slivers may be taken from worsted drawing boxes under four conditions :- I. Perfectly open and unconsolidated ; 2. Twistless but consolidated by rubbing; 3. Lightly twisted ; and 4. Heavily twisted. As a rule it is found necessary even with compara- tively thick slivers to consolidate slightly by running them through a revolving funnel or over slightly con- solidating and efficiently delivering guiding plates. Rubbing leathers, however, allow the consolidation of quite fine slivers, say, 1 or 2 drams per 40 yd.-so that such may readily be wound up and subsequently deliv- ered into the back rollers of the succeeding box as already described. When an actual twisting of the sliver is required as in (3) and (4), then the flyer and bobbin system-the old flax wheel spinning system-may be resorted to. This, as already implied, necessitates- (a) Positive drive of flyer and pull-round of bobbin* by the sliver extending from the flyer nozzle to the bobbin ; this necessitating sufficient twist to withstand any strain which may arise at any period of the process from empty to full bobbin; and (6) Positive drive of both flyer and bobbin to obviate any straining of the slivers, under which cir- cumstances condition (3) is readily obtained. * The bobbin being slightly retarded by washers. 221
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