240 (#312) ############################################ WOOLLEN AND WORSTED SPINNING coming research experiments in photography and the stroboscope may help to reveal the basic differences in flyer, cap, ring and mule spinning. The Construction of Spinning Frames. — The creels and feeding arrangements for these machines are similar to those already described. Care should be taken, however, to select delicate feeding appliances, as the slivers here termed “rovings” are now becoming very thin and may easily be strained. The drafting arrangements are very similar to those employed in drawing, but again, as the rovings when drawn out to the thread-sliver state are very delicate, the most perfect control possible is needed at the nip of the front rollers. This means small rollers and a close working of the last set of carriers into the nip of the front rollers. The extent to which the twist in the roving here introduces or controls agitation is worthy of observation and consideration. The number and arrangement of the carriers must be such that while they do not bind the fibres too strongly, they do present the slowly delivered fibres from the back-rollers to the quickly revolving front rollers in such a way that the fibres going at, say, seven times the speed do not unduly roughen the fibres still coming forward at the slower speed, nor other fibres already travelling riding at approximately the greater speed. The question of wood or metal carriers must be decided with mental vision of the constraint or lack of con- straint on the fibres, following the use of either the one or the other (see p. 203). It is in the delivery mechanisms that the greatest differences between spinning frames are to be noted, although with a given type of delivery mechanism cer- tain styles of rollers will often be found simply because or 240
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