313 (#407) ############################################ CED PROCESSES SUBSEQUENT TO TWISTING 66 come ) cheeses). In the former case the split in the drum serves as the guide for the thread on to the cheese ; in the latter case there is a specially constructed guide which receives the thread — accurately tensioned—and directs it on to the revolving spindle or cheese. In both cases the possibility of the traversing guide concentrating the twist in the yarn in one direction and taking it out in the other direction must be guarded against- especially if the yarn is at all likely to be "set" in the cheese form. There are two types of pirn winders on the market. The Universal winder is representative of the first type, in which the pirn and spindle have a simple movement of rotation, the thread guide moving to direct the thread in controlling the building up of a firm, solid pirn. In the second type the pirn and spindle have not only a movement of rotation but a and go” movement to distribute the thread to ensure the building up of a firm, solid spool, the thread guide being stationary. In view of the tension of the thread being the dominant difficulty, the latter type of machine is worthy of careful consideration although the Universal winder type (Fig. 92) is so excellent that there is usually little to choose between the two. For particulars of the various warping, sizing, dressing and beaming machines, readers are referred to the standard books on these machines. Scouring and Setting Yarns.-Yarns are frequently scoured in the hank state. To effect this, the hanks must be securely held between two traversing tapes which carry them into and through the scouring bath- in which there are usually one or two “nips ”—but do not prevent the scouring liquor thoroughly cleaning them without felting or entanglement. The normal type 313
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