254 (#332) ############################################ WOOLLEN AND WORSTED SPINNING so that in no sense does it interfere with the produc- tion of the finest lustre yarns on the "open-top" spindle. Mr. Arnold-Forster's flyer doffer (as made by Messrs. Hall and Stell) came next. In this case the spindle was modified, being top driven with its bottom end sup- ported in the frame. This has proved markedly successful in all cases save possibly that of the finest lustre spinning. The Aked-Prince-Smith flyer doffer (Figs. 74a and 74b) is even more drastic than the Arnold-Forster, not only employing the top driven spindle, but also separ- ating the spindle from the flyer. This introduces two difficulties, viz., the extra friction on the bobbin of a stationary spindle and the difficulty of obtaining a bearing which will reasonably withstand the stress of the flyer-drive. It presented one great possibility, however, of which full advantage was taken. At this stage it became evident that the idea of doffing from the spinning spindles and refilling with empty bobbins or spools might be supplanted by doffing by the "rail," i.e., removing a rail of full bobbins from the spinning position and putting in its place a rail of empty bobbins. Thus the two types of doffing are :- 1. Bobbin Interchanging Doffing. 2. Spindle Rail Interchanging Doffing. A further development of the latter method by Mr. N. R. Newsholme for both flyer and cap mechanical doffers makes perhaps the simplest and most effi- cient doffer. It may almost be described as another type, e.g. 2(a). Spindle Rail (Fixed Path) Doffing. With all the doffers included in types I and 2, either 254
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