244 (#316) ############################################ WOOLLEN AND WORSTED SPINNING as 1, Fig. 70, the weft spool 2, Fig. 70; while 4, Fig. 70, , will tend to leave the “ballooning" thread during spinning entirely in the air and not on the slope of the cap, which may be the position with other shapes of cap. The question, "Why not the converse form for the cap?" may well be asked here. In Fig. 68c the ring spindle arrangement is illus- trated. In this case the ring acts as the definite re- tarding agent. The psychological outlook of the student is well tested by Drawing and Spinning Draft calculations ! especially if he has previously been dealing with Gill- box drafts. For he must throw over his mind on to another“ tack," and unless he is very careful his previous experience will lead him to incorrect results, and, worse still, to a vague outlook on the problem to be solved. The following is a good line to take (see Fig. 69) Basis : 4" front roller 100 draft-revolution for revolution. 1 1" back roller But if F. R. wheel (59) drives B. R. wheel (100), then the draft is increased thus 4" Х 1}" 59 and the double-stud intermediate acts in the same way. Thus the full Draft calculation stands 4" X 100 X 100 6.5 draft. 11" x I 59 X 84 The (59) wheel is the Change Wheel. It will be noted that more gives less”-i.e. that more teeth in the change wheel give quicker running of the back- rollers, and thus less draft. The carrier-drafts may be calculated on similar lines, thus- N 244
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