173 (#235) ############################################ PRINCIPLES IN WORSTED DRAWING tion for spinning) and spinning were the two processes commonly employed. It was only when the necessity arose for speeding-up spinning that it was discovered to be economically sound more satisfactorily to prepare the combed slivers for the final spinning operation. It is, therefore, not surprising to find that in both the worsted and woollen industries the machines employed to pre- pare the sliver for spinning are derivatives of the actual spinning machines—the drawing-box in the case of worsted spinning and the billey (or “roving-mule”) in the case of woollen spinning. Incidentally the ques- tion arises as to whether, in view of the extensive plants now employed as a preliminary to spinning, the preparation of slivers has not been overdone-whether some modification in the actual spinning process might not do away with much of the cumbersome plant at present deemed necessary for sliver preparation in the case of both worsted and woollen yarn spinning. A second type of machine is employed in worsted drawing, viz. the gill-box. This machine probably takes its origin in some form of combing operation, and, being especially suited in its early form for long fibres, most likely came into the worsted industry from the flax industry. Even to-day it is absolutely unknown in the cotton industry, but with the refinements recently introduced (the O.P.S. Gill-box, for example), it is quite conceivable that a use may be found for it in treating the longer cottons. Again, French spinners dealing with fine botany wools appear to have felt the necessity for carrying the gilling principle right throughout the drawing processes, and so have introduced, in place of the English straight-barred gill, the circular gill or porcupine.” The possibility of fitting every drawing-box up to the mule with a porcupine " has had a marked effect on > 173
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