241 (#313) ############################################ PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE -- certain mechanisms are specially suited to the spinning of specific types of yarns, thus (a) the flyer frame is usually employed for long lustre wools ; and sometimes for fine Botany wools ; (b) the cap frame is usually employed for cross-bred and Botany wools; (c) the ring frame is usually employed for fine Botany wools. d) the mule is usually employed for fine and short Botany or for fine cross-bred wools. The characteristic features of each of the machines under (a), (b) and (c) are shown in Fig. 68. The action of the flyer and bobbin will be understood from what has already been stated about the flyer action with reference to open and cone drawing. It has ap- parently been found impossible to construct a cone spinning frame, and therefore the size of the spinning bobbin is limited to- Spool Bobbin 54" x 2" 4" x 2" for 8's to 32's, 41" x 11" 31" x 1}" for 32's to 56's, and 31" 3" X I}" for fine Botany spinning; 5" X 1" In the case of the flyer frame, the weight of the flyer and the speed at which the bobbin when full must follow the flyer reduces the maximum speed of this frame to about 2,500 revolutions per minute. By employing specially constructed spindles greater speeds than this have been obtained, but it is more usual to run at slower speeds, thereby producing a more lustrous yarn showing less of a “ beard” on the bobbin. The beard on the bobbin will be indicative of roughness of yarn and will also be detrimental in running the yarn off the bobbin, as well as being unsightly. The modification of the lifter Q 241
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