133 (#187) ############################################ ING WOOLLEN YARN SPINNING kontrol pins of backing-off has freed the tin-roller shaft from rim- wheel control, so that during the run-in of the carriage the spindles would now be standing still but for the quadrant nut n (Fig. 42) not following the inward movement of the carriage and so effecting a turning of the tin-roller shaft through the chain. Thus, in starting a set of cops the quadrant nut n will be at the bottom, and as the carriage comes out all the slack chain will be wound on to the drum specially arranged for it on the tin-roller shaft. On the run-in starting there is so much “lag” of the nut that the chain is very rapidly unwound as the carriage runs in, and the spindles thus are quickly turned to wind up the yarn spun on to their smallest diameters. But as the build- ing up of the cop proceeds the nut-draw by draw is traversed by its screw thread farther and farther up the quadrant to the position seen in Fig. 42, N, thus giving less and less of a retarding action and consequently less and less turning of the spindles; but as the cop is now the full diameter the less number of revolutions to wind up the yarn is just what is required. It will be noticed, however, that the nut N is describing a circular path and gives "harmonic retardation " for the completion of each winding-up, that is when the yarn is coiling upon the bare spindle. To traverse the nut downwards by hand through turning o during a spin tightens up the faller-wire, i.e. tensions the thread through revolving the spindles more; to traverse the nut upwards during the spin slackens the faller- wires, i.e. puts less tension on the threads, through revolving the spindle less. The counter-faller, correctly weighted, would all the time be giving the same tension on the thread, so that it is rather the adjustment of faller-wire to counter faller-wire which is watched and controlled by supplementary turns of o by hand or 133
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