105 (#157) ############################################ CHAPTER III WOOLLEN YARN SPINNING IN certain of the operations involved in wool manu- facture the operation itself may be complex, but the mechanical means to attain the desired ends may be comparatively simple ; or the operation may be simple, and the means to attain the desired end complex. Nothing can well be simpler than the ordinary bobbin wheel, upon which all woollen yarn was spun prior to the development of the jenny, the billey and the mule; but the actual spinning operation on this wheel is comparatively complex, resolving itself into six periods, as given later. On the other hand, even this complexity in spinning is simplicity itself in comparison with the mechanical complexities involved in the modern mule-possibly no machine in the whole range of textile mechanism is nearly so complicated as the mule. It is therefore obvious that in the space which can be allotted to mule spinning in this treatise, little more can be done than to give a sketch treatment of the opera- tion, emphasizing- (a) the basic method of mule spinning so far as this applies to the production of woollen yarn; (6) draft and twist in mule spinning; and (c) the control which the practical spinner can ex- ercise over the mule mechanism to attain the desired results in the yarn being spun. 105
61 62 Textile Machine Part
76 76 Textile Machine
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