['254', '(#332)', '############################################', 'WOOLLEN', 'AND', 'WORSTED', 'SPINNING', 'so', 'that', 'in', 'no', 'sense', 'does', 'it', 'interfere', 'with', 'the', 'produc-', 'tion', 'of', 'the', 'finest', 'lustre', 'yarns', 'on', 'the', '"open-top"', 'spindle.', 'Mr.', "Arnold-Forster's", 'flyer', 'doffer', '(as', 'made', 'by', 'Messrs.', 'Hall', 'and', 'Stell)', 'came', 'next.', 'In', 'this', 'case', 'the', 'spindle', 'was', 'modified,', 'being', 'top', 'driven', 'with', 'its', 'bottom', 'end', 'sup-', 'ported', 'in', 'the', 'frame.', 'This', 'has', 'proved', 'markedly', 'successful', 'in', 'all', 'cases', 'save', 'possibly', 'that', 'of', 'the', 'finest', 'lustre', 'spinning.', 'The', 'Aked-Prince-Smith', 'flyer', 'doffer', '(Figs.', '74a', 'and', '74b)', 'is', 'even', 'more', 'drastic', 'than', 'the', 'Arnold-Forster,', 'not', 'only', 'employing', 'the', 'top', 'driven', 'spindle,', 'but', 'also', 'separ-', 'ating', 'the', 'spindle', 'from', 'the', 'flyer.', 'This', 'introduces', 'two', 'difficulties,', 'viz.,', 'the', 'extra', 'friction', 'on', 'the', 'bobbin', 'of', 'a', 'stationary', 'spindle', 'and', 'the', 'difficulty', 'of', 'obtaining', 'a', 'bearing', 'which', 'will', 'reasonably', 'withstand', 'the', 'stress', 'of', 'the', 'flyer-drive.', 'It', 'presented', 'one', 'great', 'possibility,', 'however,', 'of', 'which', 'full', 'advantage', 'was', 'taken.', 'At', 'this', 'stage', 'it', 'became', 'evident', 'that', 'the', 'idea', 'of', 'doffing', 'from', 'the', 'spinning', 'spindles', 'and', 'refilling', 'with', 'empty', 'bobbins', 'or', 'spools', 'might', 'be', 'supplanted', 'by', 'doffing', 'by', 'the', '"rail,"', 'i.e.,', 'removing', 'a', 'rail', 'of', 'full', 'bobbins', 'from', 'the', 'spinning', 'position', 'and', 'putting', 'in', 'its', 'place', 'a', 'rail', 'of', 'empty', 'bobbins.', 'Thus', 'the', 'two', 'types', 'of', 'doffing', 'are', ':-', '1.', 'Bobbin', 'Interchanging', 'Doffing.', '2.', 'Spindle', 'Rail', 'Interchanging', 'Doffing.', 'A', 'further', 'development', 'of', 'the', 'latter', 'method', 'by', 'Mr.', 'N.', 'R.', 'Newsholme', 'for', 'both', 'flyer', 'and', 'cap', 'mechanical', 'doffers', 'makes', 'perhaps', 'the', 'simplest', 'and', 'most', 'effi-', 'cient', 'doffer.', 'It', 'may', 'almost', 'be', 'described', 'as', 'another', 'type,', 'e.g.', '2(a).', 'Spindle', 'Rail', '(Fixed', 'Path)', 'Doffing.', 'With', 'all', 'the', 'doffers', 'included', 'in', 'types', 'I', 'and', '2,', 'either', '254']
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