['38', '(#74)', '##############################################', 'WOOLLEN', 'AND', 'WORSTED', 'SPINNING', '(', 'strips', 'of', 'card', 'clothing', 'arranged', 'across', 'the', 'doffer,', 'so', 'that', 'each', 'sliver', 'was', 'in', 'length', 'just', 'the', 'width', 'of', 'the', 'doffer."', 'These', 'slivers', 'were', 'piecened', 'together', 'either', 'at', 'the', 'billey”', 'by', 'hand,', 'or', 'at', 'the', 'carder', 'by', 'the', '“piecening', 'machine”;', 'but', 'in', 'either', 'case', 'it', 'will', 'be', 'realized', 'that', 'the', 'fibres,', 'owing', 'to', 'the', 'method', 'of', 'stripping', 'from', 'the', 'doffer,', 'would', 'almost', 'all', 'be', 'concentrically', 'arranged', 'in', 'the', 'sliver', 'and,', 'upon', 'being', 'spindle-drafted', 'upon', 'the', '"billey,"', 'or', 'upon', 'the', 'mule,', 'would', 'take', 'a', 'longitudinal', 'spiral', 'form.', 'This', 'fibre', 'arrangement', 'resulted', 'in', 'a', 'wonderfully', 'efficient', 'thread,', 'and', 'a', 'fabric', 'capable', 'of', 'receiving', 'an', 'extra-', 'ordinary', '“finish.”', 'The', 'thread', 'taken', 'off', 'the', 'doffer', 'concentrically,', 'as', 'in', 'the', 'modern', 'condenser,', 'in', 'which', 'the', 'fibres', 'lie', 'not', 'spirally', 'but', 'mostly', 'longitudinally', 'in', 'the', 'length', 'of', 'the', 'thread,', 'is', 'so', 'different', 'that', 'in', 'the', 'early', 'days', 'of', 'the', 'proposed', 'change', 'from', 'one', 'system', 'to', 'the', 'other,', 'some', 'woollen', 'manufacturers', 'for', 'years', 'refused', 'to', 'make', 'the', 'change,', 'and', 'others', 'who', 'made', 'the', 'change', 're-', 'verted', 'to', 'the', 'old', 'style', 'but', 'finally', 'were', 'constrained', 'by', 'economic', 'fact', 'to', 'accept', 'the', 'new', 'method', 'of', 'condensing.', 'The', 'modern', 'condenser', 'should', 'deliver', 'the', 'condensed', 'slivers', 'roughly', 'about', 'half', 'to', 'two-thirds', 'the', 'desired', 'yarn', 'skeins', ';', 'so', 'regularly', 'condensed', 'that', 'the', 'mule', 'without', 'breaking', 'these', 'filaments', 'will', 'put', 'in', 'the', 'necessary', 'spindle-draft', 'and', 'twist', 'and', 'thus', 'produce', 'the', 'required', 'woollen', 'yarn.', '>', 'or', 'From', 'time', 'to', 'time', 'fashion', 'runs', 'on', 'to', 'fancy', 'effects', 'such', 'as', 'random"', 'knickerbocker', 'yarn.', 'Two', 'methods', 'of', 'producing', 'random', 'effects', 'are', 'discussed', 'later;', 'also', 'a', 'description', 'of', 'a', 'very', 'simple', 'method', 'of', 'producing', 'knickerbocker', 'and', 'other', '"flecking', '"', 'effects.', 'Every', 'carding', 'engineer', 'should', 'be', 'prepared', 'to', 'break', 'away', 'from', 'standard', 'practice', 'and', 'thoughtfully', 'set', 'to', 'work', 'to', 'produce', 'novelties', 'when', 'such', 'are', 'required.', '*', 'See', 'Journal', 'of', 'the', 'Textile', 'Institute,', 'Vol.', 'III.,', 'p.', '303,', '1912.', '38']
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