['107', '(#161)', '############################################', 'WOOLLEN', 'YARN', 'SPINNING', '1', 'spindle-draft”-is', 'the', 'most', 'important', 'from', 'the', 'actual', 'spinning', 'point', 'of', 'view.', 'From', 'the', 'mechanical', 'point', 'of', 'view', 'the', 'sixth', 'was', 'the', 'most', 'difficult', 'to', 'attain,', 'and', 'was', 'the', 'last', 'for', 'which', 'a', 'satisfactory', 'mechanism', 'was', 'invented.*', 'It', 'is', 'impossible', 'to', 'emphasize', 'too', 'strongly', 'the', 'effect', 'of', 'spindle-draft', 'and', 'the', 'extent', 'to', 'which', 'it', 'differentiates', 'woollen', 'yarn', 'from', 'worsted', 'yarn', 'which', 'is', 'twisted', 'after', 'roller', 'drafting', 'has', 'been', 'applied.', 'In', 'the', 'first', 'case', 'the', 'twisting', 'and', 'the', 'drafting', 'conjointly', 'and', 'simultaneously', 'decide', 'the', 'position', 'of', 'the', 'fibres', 'in', 'the', 'thread', ':', 'in', 'the', 'latter', 'case', 'the', 'drafting', 'rollers', 'decide', 'the', 'relative', 'positions', 'of', 'the', 'fibres', 'and', 'the', 'twisting', 'simply', 'binds', 'the', 'fibres', 'together', 'in', 'a', 'more', 'or', 'less', 'parallel-spiral', 'form.', 'Two', 'questions', 'with', 'reference', 'to', 'woollen', 'mule', 'spinning', 'lead', 'directly', 'on', 'to', 'a', 'thorough', 'apprehension', 'of', 'what', 'is', 'actually', 'taking', 'place-', '(a)', 'why', 'is', 'it', 'usual', 'to', 'employ', 'such', 'a', 'thick-ended,', 'untapered', 'spindle', '?', '(b)', 'why', 'do', 'the', 'two', 'ends', 'of', 'a', 'ruptured', 'sliver', 'so', 'readily', 'join', 'together', '(piecen', '”)', 'during', 'the', 'spinning', 'period', '?', 'The', 'effect', 'of', 'the', 'thick-ended', 'spindle', 'can', 'be', 'felt', 'during', 'the', '"spindle-draft', '"', 'on', 'the', 'hand-wheel', 'and', 'can', 'be', 'seen', 'on', 'watching', 'the', 'mule', 'itself.', 'As', 'the', 'yarn', 'slips', 'over', 'the', 'spindle', 'tip', 'it', '“slackens,”', 'and', 'as', 'it', 'again', 'winds', 'up', 'to', 'the', 'spindle-top', 'on', 'the', 'continued', 'revolution', 'of', 'the', 'spindle', 'it', '"', 'tightens.”', 'Thus', 'the', 'drafting', 'opera-', '“', 'tion', 'in', 'woollen', 'mule', 'spinning', 'is', 'not', 'a', 'steady', 'draw', 'but', 'a', 'draw', 'in', 'which', 'there', 'is', 'a', '"give', 'and', 'take', 'periodicity,"', 'in', 'time,', 'corresponding', 'with', 'the', 'revolutions', 'of', 'the', 'spindle.', '*', 'The', 'hand-mule,', 'which', 'automatically', 'did', 'everything', 'except', 'wind-up', 'the', 'spun', 'yarn', 'on', 'to', 'the', 'cop', 'or', 'bobbin', 'in', 'satisfactory', 'form,', 'was', 'extensively', 'in', 'use', 'in', 'Yorkshire', 'up', 'to', 'twenty-five', 'years', 'ago.', '107']
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