['173', '(#235)', '############################################', 'PRINCIPLES', 'IN', 'WORSTED', 'DRAWING', 'tion', 'for', 'spinning)', 'and', 'spinning', 'were', 'the', 'two', 'processes', 'commonly', 'employed.', 'It', 'was', 'only', 'when', 'the', 'necessity', 'arose', 'for', 'speeding-up', 'spinning', 'that', 'it', 'was', 'discovered', 'to', 'be', 'economically', 'sound', 'more', 'satisfactorily', 'to', 'prepare', 'the', 'combed', 'slivers', 'for', 'the', 'final', 'spinning', 'operation.', 'It', 'is,', 'therefore,', 'not', 'surprising', 'to', 'find', 'that', 'in', 'both', 'the', 'worsted', 'and', 'woollen', 'industries', 'the', 'machines', 'employed', 'to', 'pre-', 'pare', 'the', 'sliver', 'for', 'spinning', 'are', 'derivatives', 'of', 'the', 'actual', 'spinning', 'machines—the', 'drawing-box', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'worsted', 'spinning', 'and', 'the', 'billey', '(or', '“roving-mule”)', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'woollen', 'spinning.', 'Incidentally', 'the', 'ques-', 'tion', 'arises', 'as', 'to', 'whether,', 'in', 'view', 'of', 'the', 'extensive', 'plants', 'now', 'employed', 'as', 'a', 'preliminary', 'to', 'spinning,', 'the', 'preparation', 'of', 'slivers', 'has', 'not', 'been', 'overdone-whether', 'some', 'modification', 'in', 'the', 'actual', 'spinning', 'process', 'might', 'not', 'do', 'away', 'with', 'much', 'of', 'the', 'cumbersome', 'plant', 'at', 'present', 'deemed', 'necessary', 'for', 'sliver', 'preparation', 'in', 'the', 'case', 'of', 'both', 'worsted', 'and', 'woollen', 'yarn', 'spinning.', 'A', 'second', 'type', 'of', 'machine', 'is', 'employed', 'in', 'worsted', 'drawing,', 'viz.', 'the', 'gill-box.', 'This', 'machine', 'probably', 'takes', 'its', 'origin', 'in', 'some', 'form', 'of', 'combing', 'operation,', 'and,', 'being', 'especially', 'suited', 'in', 'its', 'early', 'form', 'for', 'long', 'fibres,', 'most', 'likely', 'came', 'into', 'the', 'worsted', 'industry', 'from', 'the', 'flax', 'industry.', 'Even', 'to-day', 'it', 'is', 'absolutely', 'unknown', 'in', 'the', 'cotton', 'industry,', 'but', 'with', 'the', 'refinements', 'recently', 'introduced', '(the', 'O.P.S.', 'Gill-box,', 'for', 'example),', 'it', 'is', 'quite', 'conceivable', 'that', 'a', 'use', 'may', 'be', 'found', 'for', 'it', 'in', 'treating', 'the', 'longer', 'cottons.', 'Again,', 'French', 'spinners', 'dealing', 'with', 'fine', 'botany', 'wools', 'appear', 'to', 'have', 'felt', 'the', 'necessity', 'for', 'carrying', 'the', 'gilling', 'principle', 'right', 'throughout', 'the', 'drawing', 'processes,', 'and', 'so', 'have', 'introduced,', 'in', 'place', 'of', 'the', 'English', 'straight-barred', 'gill,', 'the', 'circular', 'gill', 'or', 'porcupine.”', 'The', 'possibility', 'of', 'fitting', 'every', 'drawing-box', 'up', 'to', 'the', 'mule', 'with', 'a', 'porcupine', '"', 'has', 'had', 'a', 'marked', 'effect', 'on', '>', '173']
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