Violent Buckling Benefits Galactic Bars
  Galactic bars are unstable to a vertical buckling instability which heats the
disk and in some cases forms a boxy/peanut shaped bulge. We analyze the
buckling instability as an application of classical Euler buckling followed by
nonlinear gravitational Landau damping in the collisionless system. We find
that the buckling instability is dictated by the kinematic properties and
geometry of the bar. The analytical result is compared to simulations of
isolated galaxies containing the disk and dark matter components. Our results
demonstrate that violent buckling does not destroy bars while a less energetic
buckling can dissolve the bar. The disks that undergo gentle buckling remain
stable to bar formation which may explain the observed bar fraction in the
local universe. Our results align with the results from recent surveys.
