Testing MOG, Non-Local Gravity and MOND with rotation curves of dwarf
  galaxies
  Modified Gravity (MOG) and Non-Local Gravity (NLG) are two alternative
theories to General Relativity. They are able to explain the rotation curves of
spiral galaxies and clusters of galaxies without including dark matter (Moffat
& Rahvar 2013, 2014; Rahvar & Mashhoon 2014). In the weak-field approximation
these two theories have similar forms, with an effective gravitational
potential that has two components: (i) Newtonian gravity with the gravitational
constant enhanced by a factor $(1+\alpha)$ and (ii) a Yukawa type potential
that produces a repulsive force with length scale $1/\mu$. In this work we
compare the rotation curves of dwarf galaxies in the LITTLE THINGS catalog with
predictions of MOG, NLG and Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). We find that
the universal parameters of these theories, can fit the rotation curve of dwarf
galaxies with a larger stellar mass to the light ratio compared to the nearby
stars in the Milky Way galaxy. Future direct observations of mass function of
stars in the dwarf galaxies can examine different modified gravity models.
