Particle acceleration in interstellar shocks
  This review presents the fundamentals of the particle acceleration processes
active in interstellar medium (ISM), which are essentially based on the
so-called Fermi mechanism theory. More specifically, the review presents here
in more details the first order Fermi acceleration process -- also known as
diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) mechanism. In this case, acceleration is
induced by the interstellar (IS) shock waves. These IS shocks are mainly
associated with emission nebulae (HII regions, planetary nebulae and supernova
remnants). Among all types of emission nebulae, the strongest shocks are
associated with supernova remnants (SNRs). Due to this fact they also provide
the most efficient manner to accelerate ISM particles to become {high energy
particles}, i.e.~cosmic-rays (CRs). The review therefore focuses on the
particle acceleration at the strong shock waves of supernova remnants.
