Reconstructing the inflaton potential from the spectral index
  Recent cosmological observations are in good agreement with the scalar
spectral index $n_s$ with $n_s-1\sim -2/N$, where $N$ is the number of
e-foldings. Quadratic chaotic model, Starobinsky model and Higgs inflation or
$\alpha$-attractors connecting them are typical examples predicting such a
relation. We consider the problem in the opposite: given $n_s$ as a function of
$N$, what is the inflaton potential $V(\phi)$. We find that for $n_s-1=-2/N$,
$V(\phi)$ is either $\tanh^2(\gamma\phi/2)$ ("T-model") or $\phi^2$ (chaotic
inflation) to the leading order in the slow-roll approximation. $\gamma$ is the
ratio of $1/V$ at $N\rightarrow \infty$ to the slope of $1/V$ at a finite $N$
and is related to "$\alpha$" in the $\alpha$-attractors by
$\gamma^2=2/3\alpha$. The tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ is $r=8/N(\gamma^2 N +1)
$. The implications for the reheating temperature are also discussed. We also
derive formulas for $n_s-1=-p/N$. We find that if the potential is bounded from
above, only $p>1$ is allowed. Although $r$ depends on a parameter, the running
of the spectral index is independent of it, which can be used as a consistency
check of the assumed relation of $n_s(N)$.
