Starduster: A multi-wavelength SED model based on radiative transfer
  simulations and deep learning
  We present Starduster, a supervised deep learning model that predicts the
multi-wavelength SED from galaxy geometry parameters and star formation history
by emulating dust radiative transfer simulations. The model is comprised of
three specifically designed neural networks, which take into account the
features of dust attenuation and emission. We utilise the Skirt radiative
transfer simulation to produce data for the training data of neural networks.
Each neural network can be trained using ~ 4000 - 5000 samples. Compared with
the direct results of the Skirt simulation, our deep learning model produces ~
0.005 mag and ~ 0.1 - 0.2 mag errors for dust attenuation and emission
respectively. As an application, we fit our model to the observed SEDs of
IC4225 and NGC5166. Our model can reproduce the observations, and provide
reasonable measurements of the inclination angle and stellar mass. However,
some predicted geometry parameters are different from an image-fitting study.
Our analysis implies that including a constraint at (rest-frame) ~ 40 micron
could alleviate the degeneracy in the parameter space for both IC4225 and
NGC5166, leading to broadly consistent results with the image-fitting
predictions. Our SED code is publicly available and can be applied to both
SED-fitting and SED-modelling of galaxies from semi-analytic models.
