Asymmetry between galaxies with different spin patterns: A comparison
  between COSMOS, SDSS, and Pan-STARRS
  Previous observations of a large number of galaxies show differences between
the photometry of spiral galaxies with clockwise spin patterns and spiral
galaxies with counterclockwise spin patterns. In this study the mean magnitude
of a large number of clockwise galaxies is compared to the mean magnitude of a
large number of counterclockwise galaxies. The observed difference between
clockwise and counterclockwise spiral galaxies imaged by the space-based COSMOS
survey is compared to the differences between clockwise and counterclockwise
galaxies imaged by the Earth-based SDSS and Pan-STARRS around the same field.
The annotation of clockwise and counterclockwise galaxies is a fully automatic
process that does not involve human intervention, and in all experiments both
clockwise and counterclockwise galaxies are separated from the same fields. The
comparison shows that the same asymmetry was identified by all three
telescopes, providing strong evidence that the rotation direction of a spiral
galaxy is linked to its luminosity as measured from Earth. Analysis of the
luminosity difference using a large number of galaxies from different parts of
the sky shows that the difference between clockwise and counterclockwise
galaxies changes with the direction of observation, and oriented around an
axis.
