Evidence for a Vast Prograde Stellar Stream in the Solar Vicinity
  Massive dwarf galaxies that merge with the Milky Way on prograde orbits can
be dragged into the disk plane before being completely disrupted. Such mergers
can contribute to an accreted stellar disk and a dark matter disk. We present
evidence for Nyx, a vast new stellar stream in the vicinity of the Sun, that
may provide the first indication that such an event occurred in the Milky Way.
We identify about 500 stars that have coherent radial and prograde motion in
this stream using a catalog of accreted stars built by applying deep learning
methods to the second Gaia data release. Nyx is concentrated within $\pm 2$ kpc
of the Galactic midplane and spans the full radial range studied (6.5-9.5 kpc).
The kinematics of Nyx stars are distinct from those of both the thin and thick
disk. In particular, its rotational speed lags the disk by $\sim 80$ km/s and
its stars follow more eccentric orbits. A small number of Nyx stars have
chemical abundances or inferred ages; from these, we deduce that Nyx stars have
a peak metallicity of [Fe/H] $\sim -0.5$ and ages $\sim $10-13 Gyr. Taken
together with the kinematic observations, these results strongly favor the
interpretation that Nyx is the remnant of a disrupted dwarf galaxy. To further
justify this interpretation, we explicitly demonstrate that metal-rich,
prograde streams like Nyx can be found in the disk plane of Milky Way-like
galaxies using the FIRE hydrodynamic simulations. Future spectroscopic studies
will be able to validate whether Nyx stars originate from a single progenitor.
