Lyman "bump" galaxies - I. Spectral energy distribution of galaxies with
  an escape of nebular Lyman continuum
  It is essential to know galactic emissivity and spectrum of Lyman continuum
(LyC) in order to understand the cosmic reionization. Here we consider an
escape of nebular LyC from galaxies and examine the consequent spectral energy
distribution. It is usually assumed that hydrogen nebular LyC mostly produced
by bound-free transitions is consumed within photo-ionized nebulae (so-called
"on-the-spot" approximation). However, an escape of the continuum should be
taken into account if stellar LyC escapes from galaxies through
"matter-bounded" nebulae. We show that the escaping hydrogen bound-free LyC
makes a strong bump just below the Lyman limit. Such a galaxy would be observed
as a Lyman "bump" galaxy. This bump results from the radiation energy
re-distribution of stellar LyC by nebulae. The strength of the bump depends on
electron temperature in nebulae, escape fraction of stellar and nebular LyC,
hardness of stellar LyC (i.e. metallicity, initial mass function, age and star
formation history), and IGM attenuation. We can use the bump to find very young
($\sim1$ Myr), massive ($\sim100$ $M_\odot$), and extremely metal-poor (or
metal-free) stellar populations at $z<4$. Because of the bump, 900 \AA-to-1500
\AA luminosity density ratio (per Hz) becomes maximum (2--3 times larger than
the stellar intrinsic ratio) when about 40% of the stellar LyC is absorbed by
nebulae. The total number of escaping LyC photons increases due to the escape
of nebular LyC but does not exceed the stellar intrinsic one. The radiation
energy re-distribution by nebulae reduces the mean energy of escaping LyC only
by $\approx10$% relative to that of stellar LyC. Therefore, the effect of the
escape of nebular LyC on the reionization process may be small.
