Far-infrared line spectra of active galaxies from the Herschel/PACS
  Spectrometer: the complete database
  We present a coherent database of spectroscopic observations of far-IR
fine-structure lines from the Herschel/PACS archive for a sample of 170 local
AGN, plus a comparison sample of 20 starburst galaxies and 43 dwarf galaxies.
Published Spitzer/IRS and Herschel/SPIRE line fluxes are included to extend our
database to the full 10-600 $\mu m$ spectral range. The observations are
compared to a set of CLOUDY photoionisation models to estimate the above
physical quantities through different diagnostic diagrams. We confirm the
presence of a stratification of gas density in the emission regions of the
galaxies, which increases with the ionisation potential of the emission lines.
The new [OIV]25.9$\mu m$/[OIII]88$\mu m$ vs [NeIII]15.6$\mu m$/[NeII]12.8$\mu
m$ diagram is proposed as the best diagnostic to separate: $i)$ AGN activity
from any kind of star formation; and $ii)$ low-metallicity dwarf galaxies from
starburst galaxies. Current stellar atmosphere models fail to reproduce the
observed [OIV]25.9$\mu m$/[OIII]88$\mu m$ ratios, which are much higher when
compared to the predicted values. Finally, the ([NeIII]15.6$\mu m$ +
[NeII]12.8$\mu m$)/([SIV]10.5$\mu m$ + [SIII]18.7$\mu m$) ratio is proposed as
a promising metallicity tracer to be used in obscured objects, where optical
lines fail to accurately measure the metallicity. The diagnostic power of mid-
to far-infrared spectroscopy shown here for local galaxies will be of crucial
importance to study galaxy evolution during the dust-obscured phase at the peak
of the star formation and black-hole accretion activity ($1 < z < 4$). This
study will be addressed by future deep spectroscopic surveys with present and
forthcoming facilities such as JWST, ALMA, and SPICA.
