An HST/COS survey of molecular hydrogen in DLAs & sub-DLAs at z < 1:
  Molecular fraction and excitation temperature
  We present the results of a systematic search for molecular hydrogen (H2) in
low redshift ($ 0.05 \lesssim z \lesssim 0.7$) DLAs and sub-DLAs with $N(HI)
\gtrsim 10^{19.0}$ cm$^{-2}$, in the archival HST/COS spectra. Our core sample
is comprised of 27 systems with a median $\log N(HI) = 19.6$. On the average,
our survey is sensitive down to $\log N(H2) = 14.4$ corresponding to a
molecular fraction of $\log f_{H2} = -4.9$ at the median $N(HI)$. H2 is
detected in 10 cases (3/5 DLAs and 7/22 sub-DLAs) down to this $f_{H2}$ limit.
The H2 detection rate of $50^{+25}_{-12}$ percent seen in our sample, is a
factor of $\gtrsim 2$ higher than that of the high-$z$ sample of Noterdaeme et
al. (2008), for systems with $N(H2) > 10^{14.4}$ cm$^{-2}$. In spite of having
$N(HI)$ values typically lower by a factor of 10, low-$z$ H2 systems show
molecular fractions ($\log f_{H2}=-1.93\pm0.63$) that are comparable to the
high-$z$ sample. The rotational excitation temperatures ($T_{01} = 133\pm55$
K), as measured in our low-$z$ sample, are typically consistent with high-$z$
measurements. Simple photoionization models favour a radiation field much
weaker than the mean Galactic ISM field for a particle density in the range 10
- 100 cm$^{-3}$. The impact parameters of the identified host-galaxy candidates
are in the range $10 \lesssim \rho$ (kpc) $\lesssim 80$. We, therefore,
conjecture that the low-$z$ H2 bearing gas is not related to star-forming disks
but stems from self-shielded, tidally stripped or ejected disk-material in the
extended halo.
