Dust-depletion sequences in damped Ly-{\alpha} absorbers II. The
  composition of cosmic dust, from low-metallicity systems to the Galaxy
  We aim at assessing what are the most dominant dust species or types,
including silicate and iron oxide grains present in the ISM, by using recent
observations of dust depletion of galaxies at various evolutionary stages. We
use the observed elemental abundances in dust of several metals (O, S, Si, Mg,
and Fe) in different environments, considering systems with different
metallicities and dust content, namely damped Lyman-{\alpha} absorbers (DLAs)
towards quasars and the Galaxy. We derive a possible dust composition by
computationally finding the statistically expected elemental abundances in dust
assuming a set of key dust species with the iron content as a free parameter.
Carbonaceous dust is not considered in the present study. Metallic iron (likely
in the form of inclusions in silicate grains) and iron oxides is an important
component of the mass composition of carbon-free dust. Iron oxides make up a
significant mass fraction (~1/4 in some cases) of the oxygen-bearing dust and
there are good reasons to believe that metallic iron constitutes a similar mass
fraction of dust. W\"ustite (FeO) could be a simple explanation for the
depletion of iron and oxygen because it is easily formed. There appears to be
no silicate species clearly dominating the silicate mass, but rather a mix of
iron-poor as well as iron-rich olivine and pyroxene. To what extent sulphur
depletion is due to sulfides remains unclear. In general, there seems to be
little evolution of the dust composition (not considering carbonaceous dust)
from low-metallicity systems to the Galaxy.
