Black hole masses and starbursts in X-shaped radio sources
  It has been suggested that the X-shaped morphology observed in some radio
sources can reflect either a recent merger of two supermassive black holes
(SMBHs) or the presence of a second active black hole in the galactic nucleus.
These scenarios are tested by studying the relationship between the black hole
mass, radio and optical luminosity, starburst history, and dynamic age of radio
lobes in a sample of 29 X-shaped radio galaxies drawn from a list of 100
X-shaped radio source candidates identified from the FIRST survey. The same
relationships are also studied in a control sample consisting of 36 radio-loud
active nuclei with similar redshifts and optical and radio luminosities. The
X-shaped objects are found to have statistically higher black hole masses and
older starburst activity compared to the objects from the control sample.
Implications of these findings are discussed for the black hole merger scenario
and for the potential presence of active secondary black holes in post-merger
galaxies.
