Information Gain in Cosmology: From the Discovery of Expansion to Future
  Surveys
  Facing the advent of the next generation cosmological surveys we present a
method to forecast knowledge gain on cosmological models. We propose this as a
well defined and general tool to quantify the performance of different
experiments in relation to different theoretical models. In particular, the
assessment of experimental performance will benefit enormously from the fact
that this method is invariant under re-parametrization of the model. We apply
this to future surveys and compare expected knowledge advancements to the most
relevant experiments performed over the history of modern cosmology. When
considering the standard cosmological model, we show that it will rapidly reach
knowledge saturation in the near future and forthcoming improvements will not
match the past ones. On the contrary, we find that new observations have the
potential for unprecedented knowledge jumps when extensions of the standard
scenario are considered.
