Galaxy simulation with the evolution of grain size distribution
  We compute the evolution of interstellar dust in a hydrodynamic simulation of
an isolated disc galaxy. We newly implement the evolution of full grain size
distribution by sampling 32 grid points on the axis of the grain radius. We
solve it consistently with the chemical enrichment and hydrodynamic evolution
of the galaxy. This enables us to theoretically investigate spatially resolved
evolution of grain size distribution in a galaxy. The grain size distribution
evolves from a large-grain-dominated ($\gtrsim 0.1~\mu$m) phase to a
small-grain production phase, eventually converging to a power-law-like grain
size distribution similar to the so-called MRN distribution. We find that the
small-grain abundance is higher in the dense ISM in the early epoch ($t\lesssim
1$ Gyr) because of efficient dust growth by accretion, while coagulation makes
the small-grain abundance less enhanced in the dense ISM later. This leads to
steeper extinction curves in the dense ISM than in the diffuse ISM in the early
phase, while they show the opposite trend later. The radial trend is also
described by faster evolution in the inner part. We also confirm that the
simulation reproduces the observed trend in the relation between dust-to-gas
ratio and metallicity, and in the radial gradients of dust-to-gas ratio and
dust-to-metal ratio. Since the above change in the grain size distribution
occurs at $t\sim 1$ Gyr, the age and density dependence of grain size
distribution has a significant impact on the extinction curves even at high
redshift.
