Seeding supermassive black holes with a non-vortical dark-matter
  subcomponent
  A perfect irrotational fluid with the equation of state of dust, Irrotational
Dark Matter (IDM), is incapable of virializing and instead forms a
cosmoskeleton of filaments with supermassive black holes at the joints. This
stark difference from the standard cold dark matter (CDM) scenario arises
because IDM must exhibit potential flow at all times, preventing shell-crossing
from occurring. This scenario is applicable to general non-oscillating
scalar-field theories with a small sound speed. Our model of combined IDM and
CDM components thereby provides a solution to the problem of forming the
observed billion-solar-mass black holes at redshifts of six and higher. In
particular, as a result of the reduced vortical flow, the growth of the black
holes is expected to be more rapid at later times as compared to the standard
scenario.
