Constraints on the existence of dark matter haloes by the M81 group and
  the Hickson compact groups of galaxies
  According to the standard model of cosmology the visible, baryonic matter of
galaxies is embedded in dark matter haloes, thus extending the mass and the
size of galaxies by one to two orders of magnitude. Taking into account
dynamical friction between the dark matter haloes, the nearby located M81 group
of galaxies as well as the Hickson compact groups of galaxies are here
investigated with regard to their dynamical behaviour. The results of the
employment of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method and the genetic algorithm
show statistically substantial merger rates between galaxies, and long living
constellations without merging galaxies comprise - apart from very few
instances - initially unbound systems only. This result is derived based on
three- and four-body calculations for a model of rigid Navarro-Frenk-White
profiles for the dark matter haloes, but verified by the comparison to randomly
chosen individual solutions for the M81 galaxy group with high-resolution
simulations of live self-consistent systems (N-body calculations). In
consequence, the observed compact configurations of major galaxies are a very
unlikely occurence if dark matter haloes exist.
