The XXL Survey XLIV. Sunyaev-Zel'dovich mapping of a low-mass cluster at
  z~1: a multi-wavelength approach
  In this paper, we present resolved observations of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich
(SZ) effect, obtained with the NIKA2 camera, towards the cluster of galaxies
XLSSC102, a relatively low-mass system ($M_{500} \sim 2 \times 10^{14}$
M$_{\odot}$) at $z = 0.97$ detected from the XXL survey. We combine NIKA2 SZ
data, XMM-Newton X-ray data, and Megacam optical data to explore, respectively,
the spatial distribution of the gas electron pressure, the gas density, and the
galaxies themselves. We find significant offsets between the X-ray peak, the SZ
peak, the brightest cluster galaxy, and the peak of galaxy density.
Additionally, the galaxy distribution and the gas present elongated
morphologies. This is interpreted as the sign of a recent major merging event,
which induced a local boost of the gas pressure towards the north of XLSSC102
and stripped the gas out of the galaxy group. The NIKA2 data are also combined
with XXL data to construct the thermodynamic profiles of XLSSC102, obtaining
relatively tight constraints up to about $\sim r_{500}$, and revealing
properties that are typical of disturbed systems. We also explore the impact of
the cluster centre definition and the implication of local pressure
substructure on the recovered profiles. Finally, we derive the global
properties of XLSSC102 and compare them to those of high-mass-and-low-redshift
systems, finding no strong evidence for non-standard evolution. We also use
scaling relations to obtain alternative mass estimates from our profiles. The
variation between these different mass estimates reflects the difficulty to
accurately measure the mass of low-mass clusters at z$\sim$1, especially with
low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) data and for a disturbed system. However, it
also highlights the strength of resolved SZ observations alone and in
combination with survey-like X-ray data.
