Exobodies in Our Back Yard: Science from Missions to Nearby Interstellar
  Objects
  The recent discovery of the first confirmed Interstellar Objects (ISOs)
passing through the Solar System on clearly hyperbolic objects opens the
potential for near term ISO missions, either to the two known objects, or to
similar objects found in the future. Such ISOs are the only exobodies we have a
chance of accessing directly in the near future. This White Paper focuses on
the science possible from in situ spacecraft exploration of nearby ISOs. Such
spacecraft missions are technically possible now and are suitable potential
missions in the period covered by the 2023-2032 Decadal Survey. Spacecraft
missions can determine the structure and the chemical and isotopic composition
of ISO in a close flyby coupled with a small sub-probe impactor and either a
mass spectrometer or a high resolution UV spectrometer; this technology will
also be useful for fast missions to TransNeptune Objects (TNOs) and long period
comets. ISO exploration holds the potential of providing considerable
improvements in our knowledge of galactic evolution, of planetary formation,
and of the cycling of astrobiologically important materials through the galaxy.
