Galaxy Zoo: Dust in Spirals
  We investigate the effect of dust on spiral galaxies by measuring the
inclination-dependence of optical colours for 24,276 well-resolved SDSS
galaxies visually classified in Galaxy Zoo. We find clear trends of reddening
with inclination which imply a total extinction from face-on to edge-on of 0.7,
0.6, 0.5 and 0.4 magnitudes for the ugri passbands. We split the sample into
"bulgy" (early-type) and "disky" (late-type) spirals using the SDSS fracdeV (or
f_DeV) parameter and show that the average face-on colour of "bulgy" spirals is
redder than the average edge-on colour of "disky" spirals. This shows that the
observed optical colour of a spiral galaxy is determined almost equally by the
spiral type (via the bulge-disk ratio and stellar populations), and reddening
due to dust. We find that both luminosity and spiral type affect the total
amount of extinction, with "disky" spirals at M_r ~ -21.5 mags having the most
reddening. This decrease of reddening for the most luminous spirals has not
been observed before and may be related to their lower levels of recent star
formation. We compare our results with the latest dust attenuation models of
Tuffs et al. We find that the model reproduces the observed trends reasonably
well but overpredicts the amount of u-band attenuation in edge-on galaxies. We
end by discussing the effects of dust on large galaxy surveys and emphasize
that these effects will become important as we push to higher precision
measurements of galaxy properties and their clustering.
