Dipolar modulation in the size of galaxies: The effect of Doppler
  magnification
  Objects falling into an overdensity appear larger on its near side and
smaller on its far side than other objects at the same redshift. This produces
a dipolar pattern of magnification, primarily as a consequence of the Doppler
effect. At low redshift this Doppler magnification completely dominates the
usual integrated gravitational lensing contribution to the lensing
magnification. We show that one can optimally observe this pattern by
extracting the dipole in the cross-correlation of number counts and galaxy
sizes. This dipole allows us to almost completely remove the contribution from
gravitational lensing up to redshift 0.5, and even at high redshift z~1 the
dipole picks up the Doppler magnification predominantly. Doppler magnification
should be easily detectable in current and upcoming optical and radio surveys;
by forecasting for telescopes such as the SKA, we show that this technique is
competitive with using peculiar velocities via redshift-space distortions to
constrain dark energy. It produces similar yet complementary constraints on the
cosmological model to those found using measurements of the cosmic shear.
