Temperature structures of embedded disks: young disks in Taurus are warm
  The chemical composition of gas and ice in disks around young stars set the
bulk composition of planets. In contrast to protoplanetary disks (Class II),
young disks that are still embedded in their natal envelope (Class 0 and I) are
predicted to be too warm for CO to freeze out, as has been confirmed
observationally for L1527 IRS. To establish whether young disks are generally
warmer than their more evolved counterparts, we observed five young (Class 0/I
and Class I) disks in Taurus with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter
Array (ALMA), targeting C$^{17}$O $2-1$, H$_2$CO $3_{1,2}-2_{1,1}$, HDO
$3_{1,2}-2_{2,1}$ and CH$_3$OH $5_K-4_K$ transitions at $0.48^{\prime\prime}
\times 0.31^{\prime\prime}$ resolution. The different freeze-out temperatures
of these species allow us to derive a global temperature structure. C$^{17}$O
and H$_2$CO are detected in all disks, with no signs of CO freeze-out in the
inner $\sim$100 au, and a CO abundance close to $\sim$10$^{-4}$. H$_2$CO
emission originates in the surface layers of the two edge-on disks, as
witnessed by the especially beautiful V-shaped emission pattern in
IRAS~04302+2247. HDO and CH$_3$OH are not detected, with column density upper
limits more than 100 times lower than for hot cores. Young disks are thus found
to be warmer than more evolved protoplanetary disks around solar analogues,
with no CO freeze-out (or only in the outermost part of $\gtrsim$100 au disks)
or CO processing. However, they are not as warm as hot cores or disks around
outbursting sources, and therefore do not have a large gas-phase reservoir of
complex molecules.
