Rotation and Mass in the Milky Way and Spiral Galaxies
  [PASJ Review Paper]
  Rotation curves are the basic tool for deriving the distribution of mass in
spiral galaxies. In this review, we describe various methods to measure
rotation curves in the Milky Way and spiral galaxies. We then describe two
major methods to calculate the mass distribution using the rotation curve. By
the direct method, the mass is calculated from rotation velocities without
employing mass models. By the decomposition method, the rotation curve is
deconvolved into multiple mass components by model fitting assuming a black
hole, bulge, exponential disk and dark halo. The decomposition is useful for
statistical correlation analyses among the dynamical parameters of the mass
components. We also review recent observations and derived results.
  ( Full resolution copy is available at URL:
http://www.ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~sofue/htdocs/PASJreview2016/ )
