The Collapse of Atomically-Cooled Primordial Haloes. I. High
  Lyman-Werner Backgrounds
  Pristine, atomically-cooled haloes are leading contenders for the sites of
primordial quasar formation because atomic cooling triggers rapid baryon
collapse that can create 10$^4$ - 10$^5$ M$_{\odot}$ black hole seeds. However,
until now no numerical simulations with a wide range of halo spins and assembly
histories have followed the collapse for the times required to form a black
hole. We have now performed cosmological simulations of baryon collapse in
atomically-cooled haloes for times that are sufficient for supermassive stars
to form and die as direct-collapse black holes (DCBHs). Our simulations reveal
that fragmentation of the accretion disk at the center of the halo after $\sim$
500 kyr is nearly ubiquitous and in most cases leads to the formation of binary
or multiple supermassive stellar systems. They also confirm that rapid baryon
collapse proceeds for the times required for these stars to form DCBHs. Our
discovery raises the exciting possibility of detecting gravitational waves from
DCBH mergers with LISA and tidal disruption events in the near infrared with
the James Webb Space Telescope and ground-based telescopes in the coming
decade.
