Observational constraints on the tilted spatially-flat and the untilted
  nonflat $\phi$CDM dynamical dark energy inflation models
  We constrain spatially-flat tilted and nonflat untilted scalar field ($\phi$)
dynamical dark energy inflation ($\phi$CDM) models by using Planck 2015 cosmic
microwave background (CMB) anisotropy measurements and recent baryonic acoustic
oscillation distance observations, Type Ia supernovae apparent magnitude data,
Hubble parameter measurements, and growth rate data. We assume an inverse
power-law scalar field potential energy density $V(\phi)=V_0 \phi^{-\alpha}$.
We find that the combination of the CMB data with the four non-CMB data sets
significantly improves parameter constraints and strengthens the evidence for
nonflatness in the nonflat untilted $\phi$CDM case from $1.8\sigma$ for the CMB
measurements only to more than $3.1\sigma$ for the combined data. In the
nonflat untilted $\phi$CDM model current observations favor a spatially closed
universe with spatial curvature contributing about two-thirds of a percent of
the present cosmological energy budget. The flat tilted $\phi$CDM model is a
0.4$\sigma$ better fit to the data than is the standard flat tilted
$\Lambda$CDM model: current data allow for the possibility that dark energy is
dynamical. The nonflat tilted $\phi$CDM model is in better accord with the Dark
Energy Survey bounds on the rms amplitude of mass fluctuations now ($\sigma_8$)
as a function of the nonrelativistic matter density parameter now ($\Omega_m$)
but it does not provide as good a fit to the larger-multipole Planck 2015 CMB
anisotropy data as does the standard flat tilted $\Lambda$CDM model. A few
cosmological parameter value measurements differ significantly when determined
using the tilted flat and the untilted nonflat $\phi$CDM models, including the
cold dark matter density parameter and the reionization optical depth.
