Fossil Evidence for the Two-phase Formation of Elliptical Galaxies
  Massive early-type galaxies have undergone dramatic structural evolution over
the last 10 Gyr. A companion paper shows that nearby elliptical galaxies with
M*>1.3x10^{11} M_sun generically contain three photometric subcomponents: a
compact inner component with effective radius Re<1 kpc, an intermediate-scale
middle component with Re~2.5 kpc, and an extended outer envelope with $R_e
\approx 10$ kpc. Here we attempt to relate these substructures with the
properties of early-type galaxies observed at higher redshifts. We find that a
hypothetical structure formed from combining the inner plus the middle
components of local ellipticals follows a strikingly tight stellar mass-size
relation, one that resembles the distribution of early-type galaxies at z~1.5.
Outside of the central kpc, the median stellar mass surface density profiles of
this composite structure agree closest with those of massive galaxies that have
similar cumulative number density at 1.5<z<2.0 within the uncertainty. We
propose that the central substructures in nearby ellipticals are the
evolutionary descendants of the "red nuggets" formed under highly dissipative
("wet") conditions at high redshifts, as envisioned in the initial stages of
the two-phase formation scenario recently advocated for massive galaxies.
Subsequent accretion, plausibly through dissipationless ("dry") minor mergers,
builds the outer regions of the galaxy identified as the outer envelope in our
decomposition. The large scatter exhibited by this component on the stellar
mass-size plane testifies to the stochastic nature of the accretion events.
