Equivalence Principle Violation in Vainshtein Screened Two-Body Systems
  In massive gravity, galileon, and braneworld explanations of cosmic
acceleration, force modifications are screened by nonlinear derivative
self-interactions of the scalar field mediating that force. Interactions
between the field of a central body ("A") and an orbiting body ("B") imply that
body B does not move as a test body in the field of body A if the orbit is
smaller than the Vainshtein radius of body B. We find through numerical
solutions of the joint field at the position of B that the A-field Laplacian is
nearly perfectly screened by the B self-field, whereas first derivative or net
forces are reduced in a manner that scales with the mass ratio of the bodies as
(M_B/M_A)^{3/5}. The latter causes mass-dependent reductions in the universal
perihelion precession rate, with deviations for the Earth-Moon system at the
~4% level. In spite of universal coupling, which preserves the microscopic
equivalence principle, the motion of macroscopic screened bodies depends on
their mass providing in principle a means for testing the Vainshtein mechanism.
