Rapid formation of black holes in galaxies: a self-limiting growth
  mechanism
  We present high-quality fluid dynamical simulations of isothermal gas flows
in a rotating barred potential. We show that a large quantity of gas is driven
right into the nucleus of a model galaxy when the potential lacks a central
mass concentration, but the inflow stalls at a nuclear ring in comparison
simulations that include a central massive object. The radius of the nuclear
gas ring increases linearly with the mass of the central object. We argue that
bars drive gas right into the nucleus in the early stages of disk galaxy
formation, where a nuclear star cluster and perhaps a massive black hole could
be created. The process is self-limiting, however, because inflow stalls at a
nuclear ring once the mass of gas and stars in the nucleus exceeds ~1% of the
disk mass, which shuts off rapid growth of the black hole. We briefly discuss
the relevance of these results to the seeding of massive black holes in
galaxies, the merger model for quasar evolution, and the existence of massive
black holes in disk galaxies that lack a significant classical bulge.
