Filter Induced Bias in Ly{\alpha} Emitter Surveys: A Comparison Between
  Standard and Tunable Filters. Gran Telescopio Canarias Preliminary Results
  Lyman-alpha emitter (LAE) surveys have successfully used the excess in a
narrow-band filter compared to a nearby broad-band image to find candidates.
However, the odd spectral energy distribution (SED) of LAEs combined with the
instrumental profile have important effects on the properties of the candidate
samples extracted from these surveys. We investigate the effect of the bandpass
width and the transmission profile of the narrow-band filters used for
extracting LAE candidates at redshifts z ~ 6.5 through Monte Carlo simulations,
and we present pilot observations to test the performance of tunable filters to
find LAEs and other emission-line candidates. We compare the samples obtained
using a narrow ideal-rectangular-filter, the Subaru NB921 narrow-band filter,
and sweeping across a wavelength range using the ultra-narrow-band tunable
filters of the instrument OSIRIS, installed at the 10.4m Gran Telescopio
Canarias. We use this instrument for extracting LAE candidates from a small set
of real observations. Broad-band data from the Subaru, HST and Spitzer
databases were used for fiting SEDs to calculate photometric redshifts and to
identify interlopers. Narrow-band surveys are very efficient to find LAEs in
large sky areas, but the samples obtained are not evenly distributed in
redshift along the filter bandpass, and the number of LAEs with equivalent
widths < 60 angstroms can be underestimated. These biased results do not appear
in samples obtained using ultra-narrow-band tunable filters. However, the field
size of tunable filters is restricted because of the variation of the effective
wavelength across the image. Thus narrow-band and ultra-narrow-band surveys are
complementary strategies to investigate high-redshift LAEs.
