The Effect of Fluctuations on the Helium-Ionizing Background
  Interpretation of He II Ly{\alpha} absorption spectra after the epoch of He
II reionization requires knowledge of the He II ionizing background. While past
work has modelled the evolution of the average background, the standard
cosmological radiative transfer technique assumes a uniform radiation field
despite the discrete nature of the (rare) bright quasars that dominate the
background. We implement a cosmological radiative transfer model that includes
the most recent constraints on the ionizing spectra and luminosity function of
quasars and the distribution of IGM absorbers. We also estimate, for the first
time, the effects of fluctuations on the evolving continuum opacity in two
ways: by incorporating the complete distribution of ionizing background
amplitudes into the standard approach, and by explicitly treating the quasars
as discrete -- but isolated -- sources. Our model results in a He II ionization
rate that evolves steeply with redshift, increasing by a factor ~2 from z=3.0
to z=2.5. This causes rapid evolution in the mean He II Ly{\alpha} optical
depth -- as recently observed -- without appealing to the reionization of He
II. The observed behaviour could instead result from rapid evolution in the
mean free path of ionizing photons as the helium in higher H I column density
absorbers becomes fully ionized.
