Multiscale cosmic web detachments, connectivity, and preprocessing in
  the supercluster SClA2142 cocoon
  We study the properties, connectivity, and galaxy content of groups and
filaments in the low-density region (cocoon) around A2142 supercluster
(SClA2142). We traced the SClA2142 cocoon boundaries by the lowest
luminosity-density regions that separate SClA2142 from other superclusters. We
determined galaxy filaments and groups in the cocoon and analysed the
connectivity of groups, the high density core (HDC) of the supercluster, and
the whole of the supercluster. We compared the distribution and properties of
galaxies with different star-formation properties in the supercluster and in
the cocoon. SClA2142 and the long filament that is connected to it forms the
longest straight structure in the Universe detected so far, with a length of
$75$ $h^{-1}$ Mpc. The connectivity of the supercluster is C = 6 - 7; poor
groups have C = 1 - 2. Long filaments around the supercluster's main body are
detached from it at the turnaround region. Galaxies with very old stellar
populations lie in systems across a wide range of richness from the richest
cluster to poorest groups and single galaxies. They lie even at local densities
as low as $D1 < 1$ in the cocoon and up to $D1 > 800$ in the supercluster.
Recently quenched galaxies lie in the cocoon mainly in one region and their
properties are different in the cocoon and in the supercluster. The
star-formation properties of single galaxies are similar across all
environments. The collapsing main body of SClA2142 with the detached long
filaments near it are evidence of an important epoch in the supercluster
evolution. Further studies are needed to understand the reasons of similarity
of galaxies with very old stellar populations in extremely different
environments. The presence of long, straight structures in the cosmic web may
serve as a test for cosmological models.
