Taxonomy of Dark Energy Models
  The accelerated expansion of the Universe is one of the main discoveries of
the past decades, indicating the presence of an unknown component: the dark
energy. Evidence of its presence is being gathered by a succession of
observational experiments with increasing precision in its measurements.
However, the most accepted model for explaining the dynamic of our Universe,
the so-called Lambda cold dark matter, face several problems related to the
nature of such energy component. This has lead to a growing exploration of
alternative models attempting to solve those drawbacks. In this review, we
briefly summarize the characteristics of a (non-exhaustive) list of dark energy
models as well as some of the most used cosmological samples. Next, we discuss
how to constrain each model's parameters using observational data. Finally, we
summarize the status of dark energy modeling.
