Clusters, Groups, and Filaments in the Chandra Deep Field-South up to
  Redshift 1
  We present a comprehensive structure detection analysis of the 0.3 square
degree area of the MUSYC-ACES field which covers the Chandra Deep Field-South
(CDFS). Using a density-based clustering algorithm on the MUSYC and ACES
photometric and spectroscopic catalogues we find 62 over-dense regions up to
redshifts of 1, including, clusters, groups and filaments. All structures are
confirmed using the DBSCAN method, including the detection of nine structures
previously reported in the literature. We present a catalogue of all structures
present including their central position, mean redshift, velocity dispersions,
and classification based on their morphological and spectroscopic
distributions. In particular we find 13 galaxy clusters and 6 large
groups/small clusters. Comparison of these massive structures with published
XMM-Newton imaging (where available) shows that $80\%$ of these structures are
associated with diffuse, soft-band (0.4 - 1 keV) X-ray emission including
$90\%$ of all objects classified as clusters. The presence of soft-band X-ray
emission in these massive structures (${\rm M}_{200} \geq 4.9 \times 10^{13}
{\rm M}_{\odot}$) provides a strong independent confirmation of our methodology
and classification scheme. Nearly $60\%$ of the clusters, groups and filaments
are detected in the known enhanced density regions of the CDFS at
$z\simeq0.13$, $z\simeq0.52$, $0.68$, and $0.73$. Additionally, all of the
clusters, bar the most distant, are found in these over-dense redshifts
regions. Many of the clusters and groups exhibit signs of on-going formation
seen in their velocity distributions, position within the detected cosmic web
and in one case through the presence of tidally disrupted central galaxies
exhibiting trails of stars. These results all provide strong support for
hierarchical structure formation up to redshifts of 1.
