Probing Cosmic Dawn with Emission Lines: Predicting Infrared and Nebular
  Line Emission for ALMA and JWST
  Infrared and nebular lines provide some of our best probes of the physics
regulating the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) at high-redshift.
However, interpreting the physical conditions of high-redshift galaxies
directly from emission lines remains complicated due to inhomogeneities in
temperature, density, metallicity, ionisation parameter, and spectral hardness.
We present a new suite of cosmological, radiation-hydrodynamics simulations,
each centred on a massive Lyman-break galaxy that resolves such properties in
an inhomogeneous ISM. Many of the simulated systems exhibit transient but well
defined gaseous disks that appear as velocity gradients in [CII]~158.6$\mu$m
emission. Spatial and spectral offsets between [CII]~158.6$\mu$m and
[OIII]~88.33$\mu$m are common, but not ubiquitous, as each line probes a
different phase of the ISM. These systems fall on the local [CII]-SFR relation,
consistent with newer observations that question previously observed
[CII]~158.6$\mu$m deficits. Our galaxies are consistent with the nebular line
properties of observed $z\sim2-3$ galaxies and reproduce offsets on the BPT and
mass-excitation diagrams compared to local galaxies due to higher star
formation rate (SFR), excitation, and specific-SFR, as well as harder spectra
from young, metal-poor binaries. We predict that local calibrations between
H$\alpha$ and [OII]~3727$\AA$ luminosity and galaxy SFR apply up to $z>10$, as
do the local relations between certain strong line diagnostics (R23 and
[OIII]~5007$\AA$/H$\beta$) and galaxy metallicity. Our new simulations are well
suited to interpret the observations of line emission from current (ALMA and
HST) and upcoming facilities (JWST and ngVLA).
