Charge-Swapping Q-balls and Their Lifetimes
  For scalar theories accommodating spherically symmetric Q-balls, there are
also towers of quasi-stable composite Q-balls, called charge swapping Q-balls
(CSQs). We investigate the properties, particularly the lifetimes, of these
long-lived CSQs in 2+1D and 3+1D using numerical simulations with efficient
second order absorbing boundary conditions. We find that the evolution of a CSQ
typically consists of 4 distinct stages: initial relaxation, first plateau (CSQ
stage), fast decay and second plateau (oscillon stage). We chart the lifetimes
of CSQs for different parameters of the initial conditions and of the
potential, and show the attractor behavior and other properties of the CSQs.
