3D spatio-kinematic modeling of Abell 48, a planetary nebula around a
  Wolf-Rayet [WN] star
  The planetary nebula (PN) Abell 48 (PN G029.0+00.4) is around a rare
Wolf-Rayet [WN5] star whose stellar history is as yet unknown. Using the
integral field observations of the H$\alpha$ $\lambda$6563 and [N II]
$\lambda$6584 line emissions, we conducted a comprehensive spatio-kinematic
analysis of this PN. A three-dimensional spatio-kinematic ionization model was
developed with the kinematic modeling tool SHAPE to replicate the observed
spatially-resolved velocity channels and position--velocity diagrams. According
to our kinematic analysis of the H$\alpha$ emission, this object possesses a
deformed elliptic toroidal shell with an outer radius of 23 arcsec and a
thickness of 15 arcsec associated with an integrated H$\alpha$ emission-line
expansion of $\sim 35 \pm 5$ km s$^{-1}$, a maximum poloidal expansion of
around $70 \pm 20$ km s$^{-1}$ at an inclination angle of $\sim 30^{\circ}$
with respect to the line of sight, and a position angle of $\sim 130^{\circ}$
measured from east toward north in the equatorial coordinate system.
Furthermore, [N II] kinematic modeling reveals the presence of narrow ($\sim 3$
arcsec) exterior low-ionization structures surrounding the main elliptical
shell, which could have formed as a result of shock collisions with the
interstellar medium. The torus-shaped morphology of this PN could be related to
its unusual hydrogen-deficient [WN] nucleus that needs to be inspected further.
