Cosmology of a Friedmann-Lama\^itre-Robertson-Walker 3-brane, Late-Time
  Cosmic Acceleration, and the Cosmic Coincidence
  A late epoch cosmic acceleration may be naturally entangled with cosmic
coincidence -- the observation that at the onset of acceleration the vacuum
energy density fraction nearly coincides with the matter density fraction. In
this Letter we show that this is indeed the case with the cosmology of a
Friedmann-Lama\^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) 3-brane in a five-dimensional
anti-de Sitter spacetime. We derive the four-dimensional effective action on a
FLRW 3-brane, which helps define a general reduction formula, namely,
$M_P^{2}=\rho_{b}/|\Lambda_5|$, where $M_{P}$ is the effective Planck mass,
$\Lambda_5$ is the 5-dimensional cosmological constant, and $\rho_b$ is the sum
of the 3-brane tension $V$ and the matter density $\rho$. The behavior of the
background solution is consistent with the results based on the form of the 4D
effective potential. Although the range of variation in $\rho_{b}$ is strongly
constrained, the big bang nucleosynthesis bound on the time variation of the
renormalized Newton constant $G_N = (8\pi M_P^2)^{-1}$ is satisfied when the
ratio $V/\rho \gtrsim {O} (10^2)$ on cosmological scales. The same bound leads
to an effective equation of state close to -1 at late epochs in accordance with
current astrophysical and cosmological observations.
