An ultra-luminous quasar with a twelve-billion-solar-mass black hole at
  redshift 6.30
  So far, roughly 40 quasars with redshifts greater than z=6 have been
discovered. Each quasar contains a black hole with a mass of about one billion
solar masses ($10^9 M_\odot$). The existence of such black holes when the
Universe was less than 1 billion years old presents substantial challenges to
theories of the formation and growth of black holes and the coevolution of
black holes and galaxies. Here we report the discovery of an ultra-luminous
quasar, SDSS J010013.02+280225.8, at redshift z=6.30. It has an optical and
near-infrared luminosity a few times greater than those of previously known z>6
quasars. On the basis of the deep absorption trough on the blue side of the Ly
$\alpha$ emission line in the spectrum, we estimate the proper size of the
ionized proximity zone associated with the quasar to be 26 million light years,
larger than found with other z>6.1 quasars with lower luminosities. We estimate
(on the basis of a near-infrared spectrum) that the black hole has a mass of
$\sim 1.2 \times 10^{10} M_\odot$, which is consistent with the $1.3 \times
10^{10} M_\odot$ derived by assuming an Eddington-limited accretion rate.
