Recent progress in simulating galaxy formation from the largest to the
  smallest scales
  Galaxy formation simulations are an essential part of the modern toolkit of
astrophysicists and cosmologists alike. Astrophysicists use the simulations to
study the emergence of galaxy populations from the Big Bang, as well as
problems including the formation of stars and supermassive black holes. For
cosmologists, galaxy formation simulations are needed to understand how
baryonic processes affect measurements of dark matter and dark energy. Owing to
the extreme dynamic range of galaxy formation, advances are driven by novel
approaches using simulations with different tradeoffs between volume and
resolution. Large-volume but low-resolution simulations provide the best
statistics, while higher resolution simulations of smaller cosmic volumes can
be evolved with more self-consistent physics and reveal important emergent
phenomena. I summarize recent progress in galaxy formation simulations,
including major developments in the past five years, and highlight some key
areas likely to drive further advances over the next decade.
