The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation
  Spectroscopic Survey: cosmological implications of the configuration-space
  clustering wedges
  We explore the cosmological implications of anisotropic clustering
measurements in configuration space of the final galaxy samples from Data
Release 12 of the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. We
implement a new detailed modelling of the effects of non-linearities, galaxy
bias and redshift-space distortions that can be used to extract unbiased
cosmological information from our measurements for scales $s \gtrsim
20\,h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$. We combined the galaxy clustering information from BOSS
with the latest cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations and Type Ia
supernovae samples and found no significant evidence for a deviation from the
$\Lambda$CDM cosmological model. In particular, these data sets can constrain
the dark energy equation of state parameter to $w_{\rm DE}=-0.996\pm0.042$ when
assumed time-independent, the curvature of the Universe to
$\Omega_{k}=-0.0007\pm 0.0030$ and the sum of the neutrino masses to $\sum
m_{\nu} < 0.25\,{\rm eV}$ at 95 per cent CL. We explore the constraints on the
growth rate of cosmic structures assuming $f(z)=\Omega_{\rm m}(z)^\gamma$ and
obtain $\gamma = 0.609\pm 0.079$, in good agreement with the predictions of
general relativity of $\gamma=0.55$. We compress the information of our
clustering measurements into constraints on the parameter combinations $D_{\rm
V}(z)/r_{\rm d}$, $F_{\rm AP}(z)$ and $f\sigma_8(z)$ at the effective redshifts
of $z=0.38$, $0.51$ and $0.61$ with their respective covariance matrices and
find good agreement with the predictions for these parameters obtained from the
best-fitting $\Lambda$CDM model to the CMB data from the Planck satellite. This
paper is part of a set that analyses the final galaxy clustering dataset from
BOSS. The measurements and likelihoods presented here are combined with others
in Alam et al. (2016) to produce the final cosmological constraints from BOSS.
