Disk structure around the Class I protostar L1489 IRS revealed by ALMA:
  a warped disk system
  We have observed the Class I protostar L1489 IRS with the Atacama
Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Band 6. The C$^{18}$O $J=$2-1 line
emission shows flattened and non-axisymmetric structures in the same direction
as its velocity gradient due to rotation. We discovered that the C$^{18}$O
emission shows dips at a radius of ~200-300 au while the 1.3 mm continuum
emission extends smoothly up to r~400 au. At the radius of the C$^{18}$O dips,
the rotational axis of the outer portion appears to be tilted by ~15 degrees
from that of the inner component. Both the inner and outer components with
respect to the C$^{18}$O dips exhibit the $r^{-0.5}$ Keplerian rotation
profiles until r~600 au. These results not only indicate that a Keplerian disk
extends up to ~600 au but also that the disk is warped. We constructed a three
dimensional warped disk model rotating at the Keplerian velocity, and
demonstrated that the warped disk model reproduces main observed features in
the velocity channel maps and the PV diagrams. Such a warped disk system can
form by mass accretion from a misaligned envelope. We also discuss a possible
disk evolution scenario based on comparisons of disk radii and masses between
Class I and Class II sources.
