Globular Cluster Formation and Evolution in the Context of Cosmological
  Galaxy Assembly: Open Questions
  We discuss some of the key open questions regarding the formation and
evolution of globular clusters (GCs) during galaxy formation and assembly
within a cosmological framework. The current state-of-the-art for both
observations and simulations is described, and we briefly mention directions
for future research. The oldest GCs have ages $\ge$ 12.5 Gyr and formed around
the time of reionisation. Resolved colour-magnitude diagrams of Milky Way GCs
and direct imaging of lensed proto-GCs at z $\sim$ 6 with JWST promise further
insight. Globular clusters are known to host multiple populations of stars with
variations in their chemical abundances. Recently, such multiple populations
have been detected in $\sim$2 Gyr old compact, massive star clusters. This
suggests a common, single pathway for the formation of GCs at high and low
redshift. The shape of the initial mass function for GCs remains unknown,
however for massive galaxies a power-law mass function is favoured. Significant
progress has been made recently modelling GC formation in the context of galaxy
formation, with success in reproducing many of the observed GC-galaxy scaling
relations.
