Enhanced gamma radiation toward the rotation axis from the immediate
  vicinity of extremely rotating black holes
  We investigate the acceleration of electrons and positrons by
magnetic-field-aligned electric fields in the polar funnel of an accreting
black hole (BH). Applying the pulsar outer-gap theory to BH magnetospheres, we
find that such a lepton accelerator arises in the immediate vicinity of the
event horizon due to frame-dragging, and that their gamma-ray luminosity
increases with decreasing accretion rate. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the
gamma-ray flux is enhanced along the rotation axis by more than an order of
magnitude if the BH spin increases from $a=0.90M$ to $a=0.9999M$. As a result,
if a ten-solar-mass, almost-maximally rotating BH is located within 3 kpc, when
its accretion rate is between 0.005% and 0.01% of the Eddington rate, its
high-energy flare becomes detectable with the Fermi/Large Area Telescope,
provided that the flare lasts longer than 1.2 months and that we view the
source nearly along the rotation axis. In addition, its very-high-energy flux
is marginally detectable with the Cherenkov Telescope Array, provided that the
flare lasts longer than a night and that our viewing angle is about 45 degrees
with respect to the rotation axis.
