A Catalog of the Most Optically Luminous Galaxies at z<0.3: Super
  Spirals, Super Lenticulars, Super Post-Mergers, and Giant Ellipticals
  We present a catalog of the 1525 most optically luminous galaxies from the
Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) with r-band luminosity L_r > 8L* and redshift
z<0.3, including 84 super spirals, 15 super lenticulars, 14 super post-merger
galaxies, and 1400 giant ellipticals. With mass in stars of 10^{11.3}-10^{12}
M_sun, super spirals and lenticulars are the most massive disk galaxies
currently known. The specific star formation rates of super spirals place them
on or below the star-forming main sequence. They must have formed stars at a
high rate throughout their history in order to grow their massive, gigantic
stellar disks and maintain their blue u-r integrated colors. Their disks are
red on the inside and blue on the outside, consistent with inside-out growth.
They tend to have small bulge-to-total (B/T) r-band luminosity ratios,
characteristic of disk building via minor mergers and cold accretion. A large
percentage of super disk galaxies (41%) have double nuclei, double disks, or
other signatures of ongoing mergers. Most (72%) are found in moderate to low
density environments, while the rest are found at the outskirts of clusters. It
is likely that super spirals survive in these environments because they
continue to accrete cold gas and experience only minor mergers at late times,
by virtue of their enormous masses and angular momenta. We suggest that super
post-mergers are the product of super-spiral major mergers and may be the
precursors of some giant elliptical galaxies found in low density environments.
We present two new gravitational lens candidates in the Appendix.
