Cosmological evidence for leptonic asymmetry after Planck
  Recently, the Planck satellite found a larger and most precise value of the
matter energy density, that impacts on the present values of other cosmological
parameters such as the Hubble constant, the present cluster abundances and the
age of the Universe. The existing tension between Planck determination of these
parameters in the frame of the base LambdaCDM model and their direct
measurements generated lively discussions and several interpretations. In this
paper we quantify this tension by exploring several extensions of the base
LambdaCDM model that include the leptonic asymmetry. We set bounds on the
radiation content of the Universe and neutrino properties by using the latest
cosmological measurements, imposing also self-consistent BBN constraints on the
primordial helium abundance. For all cosmological asymmetric models we find the
preference of cosmological data for smaller values of active and sterile
neutrino masses. This increases the tension between cosmological and short
baseline neutrino oscillation data that favor a sterile neutrino with the mass
of around 1 eV. For the case of degenerate massive neutrinos, we find that the
discrepancies with direct determinations of the Hubble constant, the present
cluster abundances and the age of the Universe are alleviated at ~ 1.3 sigma
for all leptonic asymmetric models. We also find ~2 sigma statistical evidence
of the preference of cosmological data for the normal neutrino hierarchy. This
is more evident for the case of cosmological models involving leptonic
asymmetry and three massive neutrino species. We conclude that the current
cosmological data favor the leptonic asymmetric extension of the base LambdaCDM
model and normal neutrino mass hierarchy over the models with additional
sterile neutrino species and/or inverted neutrino mass hierarchy.
