On the halo-mass and radial scale dependence of the lensing is low
  effect
  The canonical $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model makes precise predictions for
the clustering and lensing properties of galaxies. It has been shown that the
lensing amplitude of galaxies in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
(BOSS) is lower than expected given their clustering properties. We present new
measurements and modelling of galaxies in the BOSS LOWZ sample. We focus on the
radial and stellar mass dependence of the lensing amplitude mis-match. We find
an amplitude mis-match of around $35\%$ when assuming $\Lambda$CDM with Planck
Cosmological Microwave Background (CMB) constraints. This offset is independent
of halo mass and radial scale in the range $M_{\rm halo}\sim 10^{13.3} -
10^{13.9} h^{-1} M_\odot$ and $r=0.1 - 60 \, h^{-1} \mathrm{Mpc}$ ($k \approx
0.05 - 20 \, h \, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$). The observation that the offset is both
mass and scale independent places important constraints on the degree to which
astrophysical processes (baryonic effects, assembly bias) can fully explain the
effect. This scale independence also suggests that the "lensing is low" effect
on small and large radial scales probably have the same physical origin.
Resolutions based on new physics require a nearly uniform suppression, relative
to $\Lambda$CDM predictions, of the amplitude of matter fluctuations on these
scales. The possible causes of this are tightly constrained by measurements of
the CMB and of the low-redshift expansion history.
