Testing Emergent Gravity with Isolated Dwarf Galaxies
  Verlinde (2016) has proposed a new modified theory of gravity, Emergent
Gravity (EG), as an alternative to dark matter. EG reproduces the Tully-Fisher
relationship with no free parameters and agrees with the velocity curves of
most massive, spiral galaxies well. In its current form, the theory only
applies to isolated, spherically symmetric systems in a dark energy-dominated
Universe, and thus can only be tested fairly with such systems. This paper
presents a framework for rotation curve tests of EG using isolated dwarf
galaxies. Here I extend the EG equations to axisymmetric distributions for the
first time. I also perform a preliminary test of the predictions from EG versus
the maximum velocity measurements of 452 isolated dwarf galaxies. I find that
EG predicts the maximum velocities of these systems somewhat well for galaxies
with measured velocities around $100~\rm{km/s}$. EG severely underpredicts the
maximum velocities for dwarf galaxies with measured velocities greater than
this value and overpredicts for those with measured velocities less than this
value. Rotation curves of these isolated dwarf galaxies would provide the
definitive test of EG.
