One Plane for All: Massive Star-Forming and Quiescent Galaxies Lie on
  the Same Mass Fundamental Plane at z~0 and z~0.7
  Scaling relations between galaxy structures and dynamics have been studied
extensively for early and late-type galaxies, both in the local universe and at
high redshifts. The abundant differences between the properties of disky and
elliptical, or star-forming and quiescent, galaxies seem to be characteristic
of the local Universe; such clear distinctions begin to disintegrate as
observations of massive galaxies probe higher redshifts. In this Paper, we
investigate the existence the mass fundamental plane of all massive galaxies
($\sigma\gtrsim$ 100 km/s). This work includes local galaxies (0.05<z<0.07)
from the SDSS, in addition to 31 star-forming and 72 quiescent massive galaxies
at intermediate redshift (z~0.7) with absorption line kinematics from deep
Keck-DEIMOS spectra and structural parameters from HST imaging. In two
parameter scaling relations, star-forming and quiescent galaxies differ
structurally and dynamically. However, we show that massive star-forming and
quiescent galaxies lie on nearly the same mass fundamental plane, or the
relationship between stellar mass surface density, stellar velocity dispersion,
and effective radius. The scatter in this relation (measured about
$\log\sigma$) is low: 0.072 dex (0.055 dex intrinsic) at z~0 and 0.10 dex (0.08
dex intrinsic) at z~0.7. This three dimensional surface is not unique: virial
relations, with or without a dependence on luminosity profile shapes, can
connect galaxy structures and stellar dynamics with similar scatter. This
result builds on the recent finding that mass fundamental plane has been stable
for early-type galaxies since z~2 (Bezanson et al. 2013). As we now find this
also holds for star-forming galaxies to z~0.7, this implies that these scaling
relations of galaxies will be minimally susceptible to progenitor biases due to
the evolving stellar populations, structures, and dynamics of galaxies through
cosmic time.
