An evaluation of cosmological models from expansion and growth of
  structure measurements
  We compare a large suite of theoretical cosmological models to observational
data from the cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillation
measurements of expansion, Type Ia SNe measurements of expansion, redshift
space distortion measurements of the growth of structure, and the local Hubble
constant. Our theoretical models include parametrizations of dark energy as
well as physical models of dark energy and modified gravity. We determine the
constraints on the model parameters, incorporating the redshift space
distortion data directly in the analysis. To determine whether models can be
ruled out, we evaluate the $p$ value (the probability under the model of
obtaining data as bad or worse than the observed data). In our comparison, we
find the well known tension of H$_0$ with the other data; no model resolves
this tension successfully. Among the models we consider, the large scale growth
of structure data does not affect the modified gravity models as a category
particularly differently than dark energy models; it matters for some modified
gravity models but not others, and the same is true for dark energy models. We
compute predicted observables for each model under current observational
constraints, and identify models for which future observational constraints
will be particularly informative.
