Technosignatures in the Thermal Infrared
  WISE, Gaia, and JWST provide an opportunity to compute the first robust upper
limits on the energy supplies of extraterrestrial civilizations, both for stars
in the Galaxy (Kardashev Type II civilizations) and for other galaxies
(Kardashev Type III civilizations). Together, they allow for a nearly-complete
catalog of nearby stars with infrared excesses, which is valuable for both
stellar astrophysics and searches for technosignatures; and of the MIR
luminosities of galaxies, important for studies of galaxies' star and
star-formation properties, but also for the identification of potential
galaxies endemic with alien technology. JWST will provide the crucial
mid-infrared spectroscopy necessary to identify the origin of these infrared
excesses, advancing both traditional astronomy and searches for
technosignatures. Such signatures are distinguished from dust by their lack of
far-infrared emission and lack of association with star formation.
