Both starvation and outflows drive galaxy quenching
  Star-forming galaxies can in principle be transformed into passive systems by
a multitude of processes that quench star formation, such as the halting of gas
accretion (starvation) or the rapid removal of gas in AGN-driven outflows.
However, it remains unclear which processes are the most significant, primary
drivers of the SF-passive bimodality. We address this key issue in galaxy
evolution by studying the chemical properties of 80,000 local galaxies in SDSS
DR7. In order to distinguish between different quenching mechanisms, we analyse
the stellar metallicities of star-forming, green valley and passive galaxies.
We find that the significant difference in stellar metallicity between passive
galaxies and their star-forming progenitors implies that for galaxies at all
masses, quenching must have involved an extended phase of starvation. However,
some form of gas ejection also has to be introduced into our models to best
match the observed properties of local passive galaxies, indicating that, while
starvation is likely to be the prerequisite for quenching, it is the
combination of starvation and outflows that is responsible for quenching the
majority of galaxies. Closed-box models indicate that the duration of the
quenching phase is 2-3 Gyr, with an $e$-folding time of 2-4 Gyr, after which
further star formation is prevented by an ejective/heating mode. Alternatively,
leaky-box models find a longer duration for the quenching phase of 5-7 Gyr and
an $e$-folding time of $\sim$1 Gyr, with outflows becoming increasingly
important with decreasing stellar mass. Finally, our analysis of local green
valley galaxies indicates that quenching is slower in the local Universe than
at high-redshift.
