Spectroscopic detection of CIV in a galaxy at z=7.045: Implications for
  the ionizing spectra of reionization-era galaxies
  We present Keck/MOSFIRE observations of UV metal lines in four bright
gravitationally-lensed z~6-8 galaxies behind the cluster Abell 1703. The
spectrum of A1703-zd6, a highly-magnified star forming galaxy with a
Lyman-alpha redshift of z=7.045, reveals a confident detection of the nebular
CIV emission line (unresolved with FWHM < 125 km/s). UV metal lines are not
detected in the three other galaxies. At z~2-3, nebular CIV emission is
observed in just 1% of UV-selected galaxies. The presence of strong CIV
emission in one of the small sample of galaxies targeted in this paper may
indicate hard ionizing spectra are more common at z~7. The total estimated
equivalent width of the CIV doublet (38 A) and CIV/Lyman-alpha flux ratio (0.3)
are comparable to measurements of narrow-lined AGNs. Photoionization models
show that the nebular CIV line can also be reproduced by a young stellar
population, with very hot metal poor stars dominating the photon flux
responsible for triply ionizing carbon. Regardless of the origin of the CIV, we
show that the ionizing spectrum of A1703-zd6 is different from that of typical
galaxies at z~2, producing more H ionizing photons per unit 1500A luminosity
and a larger flux density at 30-50 eV. If such extreme radiation fields are
typical in UV-selected systems at z>7, it would indicate that reionization-era
galaxies are more efficient ionizing agents than previously thought.
Alternatively, we suggest that the small sample of Lyman-alpha emitters at z>7
may trace a rare population with intense radiation fields capable of ionizing
their surrounding hydrogen distribution. Additional constraints on high
ionization emission lines in galaxies with and without Lyman-alpha detections
will help clarify whether hard ionizing spectra are common in the reionization
era.
