The Physical Properties of Low Redshift FeLoBAL Quasars. I. Spectral
  Synthesis Analysis of the BAL Outflows using $SimBAL$
  We present the first systematic study of 50 low redshift ($0.66 < z < 1.63$)
iron low-ionization broad absorption-line quasars (FeLoBALQs) using $SimBAL$
which represents a more than five-fold increase in the number of FeLoBALQs with
detailed absorption line spectral analyses. We found the outflows have a wide
range of ionization parameters, $-4\lesssim\log U\lesssim 1.2$ and densities,
$2.8\lesssim\log n\lesssim8\ \rm[cm^{-3}]$. The objects in our sample showed
FeLoBAL gas located at a wide range of distances $0\lesssim\log R\lesssim 4.4$
[pc], although we do not find any evidence for disk winds (with $R\ll0.01$ pc)
in our sample. The outflow strength primarily depends on the outflow velocity
with faster outflows found in quasars that are luminous or that have flat or
redder spectral energy distributions. We found that $\sim18\%$ of the FeLoBALQs
in the sample have the significantly powerful outflows needed for quasar
feedback. Eight objects showed "overlapping troughs" in the spectra and we
identified eleven "loitering outflow" objects, a new class of FeLoBALQs that
are characterized by low outflow velocities and high column density winds
located $\log R\lesssim1$ [pc] from the central engine. The FeLoBALs in
loitering outflows objects do not show properties expected for radiatively
driven winds and these objects may represent a distinct population among
FeLoBALQs. We discuss how the potential acceleration mechanisms and the origins
of the FeLoBAL winds may differ for outflows at different locations in quasars.
