The cosmic merger rate of stellar black hole binaries from the Illustris
  simulation
  The cosmic merger rate density of black hole binaries (BHBs) can give us an
essential clue to constraining the formation channels of BHBs, in light of
current and forthcoming gravitational wave detections. Following a Monte Carlo
approach, we couple new population-synthesis models of BHBs with the Illustris
cosmological simulation, to study the cosmic history of BHB mergers. We explore
six population-synthesis models, varying the prescriptions for supernovae,
common envelope, and natal kicks. In most considered models, the cosmic BHB
merger rate follows the same trend as the cosmic star formation rate. The
normalization of the cosmic BHB merger rate strongly depends on the treatment
of common envelope and on the distribution of natal kicks. We find that most
BHBs merging within LIGO's instrumental horizon come from relatively metal-poor
progenitors (<0.2 Zsun). The total masses of merging BHBs span a large range of
values, from ~6 to ~82 Msun. In our fiducial model, merging BHBs consistent
with GW150914, GW151226 and GW170104 represent ~6, 3, and 12 per cent of all
BHBs merging within the LIGO horizon, respectively. The heavy systems, like
GW150914, come from metal-poor progenitors (<0.15 Zsun). Most GW150914-like
systems merging in the local Universe appear to have formed at high redshift,
with a long delay time. In contrast, GW151226-like systems form and merge all
the way through the cosmic history, from progenitors with a broad range of
metallicities. Future detections will be crucial to put constraints on common
envelope, on natal kicks, and on the BHB mass function.
