Cosmic String Loops as the Seeds of Super-Massive Black Holes
  Recent discoveries of super-massive black holes at high redshifts indicate a
possible tension with the standard Lambda CDM paradigm of early universe
cosmology which has difficulties in explaining the origin of the required
nonlinear compact seeds which trigger the formation of these super-massive
black holes. Here we show that cosmic string loops which result from a scaling
solution of strings formed during a phase transition in the very early universe
lead to an additional source of compact seeds. The number density of
string-induced seeds dominates at high redshifts and can help trigger the
formation of the observed super-massive black holes.
