Assessing the potential of cluster edges as a standard ruler
  We assess comprehensively the potential of galaxy cluster edges as a standard
ruler in measuring cosmological distances and probing exotic physics.
Confronting five alternative cosmological models with cluster edges from the
near future Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument survey, we conclude that
cluster edges can serve as a promising probe to constrain models beyond
$\Lambda$CDM. Especially, the constraining precision of equation of state of
dark energy from cluster edges is just about two times larger than that from
the Pantheon Type Ia supernovae sample. We find that the constraining power of
cluster edges can be exhibited better by combining it with other probes.
Combining cluster edges with cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic
oscillations, Type Ia supernovae, cosmic chronometers and simulated
gravitational-wave events from the space-based Einstein Telescope,
respectively, we constrain $\Lambda$CDM and find that the data combination of
cosmic microwave background and cluster edges gives the best constraint on the
Hubble constant $H_0$ with a $0.5\%$ precision and the matter density ratio
$\Omega_m$ with a $1.6\%$ precision among these five pair datasets, and that
the data combination of gravitational waves and cluster edges almost shares the
same constraining power as that of Type Ia supernovae and cluster edges. We
also give the most stringent constraint on $\Lambda$CDM by combining cluster
edges with available cosmological data. With the help of other probes, galaxy
cluster edges can give new insights on exotic physics better at cosmological
scales.
