Damping of Alfven waves by Turbulence and its Consequences: from
  Cosmic-Rays Streaming to Launching Winds
  This paper considers turbulent damping of Alfven waves in magnetized plasmas.
We identify two cases of damping, one related to damping of cosmic rays
streaming instability, the other related to damping of Alfven waves emitted by
a macroscopic wave source, e.g. stellar atmosphere. The physical difference
between the two cases is that in the former case the generated waves are
emitted in respect to the local direction of magnetic field, in the latter in
respect to the mean field. The scaling of damping is different in the two
cases. We the regimes of turbulence ranging from subAlfvenic to superAlfvenic
we obtain analytical expressions for the damping rates and define the ranges of
applicability of these expressions. Describing the damping of the streaming
instability, we find that for subAlfvenic turbulence the range of cosmic ray
energies influenced by weak turbulence is unproportionally large compared to
the range of scales that the weak turbulence is present. On the contrary, the
range of cosmic ray energies affected by strong Alfvenic turbulence is rather
limited. A number of astrophysical applications of the process ranging from
launching of stellar and galactic winds to propagation of cosmic rays in
galaxies and clusters of galaxies is considered. In particular, we discuss how
to reconcile the process of turbulent damping with the observed isotropy of the
Milky Way cosmic rays.
