The MASSIVE Survey XIV -- Stellar Velocity Profiles and Kinematic
  Misalignments from 200 pc to 20 kpc in Massive Early-type Galaxies
  We use high spatial resolution stellar velocity maps from the Gemini GMOS
integral-field spectrograph (IFS) and wide-field velocity maps from the
McDonald Mitchell IFS to study the stellar velocity profiles and kinematic
misalignments from $\sim 200$ pc to $\sim 20$ kpc in 20 early-type galaxies
with stellar mass $M_* > 10^{11.7} M_\odot$ in the MASSIVE survey. While 80% of
the galaxies have low spins ($\lambda < 0.1$) and low rotational velocities ($<
50$ km/s) in both the central region and the main body, we find a diverse range
of velocity features and misalignment angles. For the 18 galaxies with
measurable central kinematic axes, 10 have well aligned kinematic axis and
photometric major axis, and the other 8 galaxies have misalignment angles that
are distributed quite evenly from $15^\circ$ to the maximal value of
$90^\circ$. There is a strong correlation between central kinematic
misalignment and galaxy spin, where all 4 galaxies with significant spins have
well aligned kinematic and photometric axes, but only 43% of the low-spin
galaxies are well aligned. The central and main-body kinematic axes within a
galaxy are not always aligned. When the two kinematic axes are aligned ($\sim
60$% of the cases), they are either also aligned with the photometric major
axis or orthogonal to it. We find 13 galaxies to also exhibit noticeable local
kinematic twists, and one galaxy to have a counter-rotating core. A diverse
assembly history consisting of multiple gas-poor mergers of a variety of
progenitor mass ratios and orbits is likely to be needed to account for the
predominance of low spins and the wide range of central and main-body velocity
features reported here for local massive ETGs.
