Evidence of Environmental Quenching at Redshift z ~ 2
  We report evidence of environmental quenching among galaxies at redshift ~ 2,
namely the probability that a galaxy quenches its star formation activity is
enhanced in the regions of space in proximity of other quenched, more massive
galaxies. The effect is observed as strong clustering of quiescent galaxies
around quiescent galaxies on angular scales \theta < 20 arcsec, corresponding
to a proper(comoving) scale of 168 (502) kpc at z = 2. The effect is observed
only for quiescent galaxies around other quiescent galaxies; the probability to
find star-forming galaxies around quiescent or around star-forming ones is
consistent with the clustering strength of galaxies of the same mass and at the
same redshift, as observed in dedicated studies of galaxy clustering. The
effect is mass dependent in the sense that the quenching probability is
stronger for galaxies of smaller mass ($\rm{M_*<10^{10} Msun}$) than for more
massive ones, i.e. it follows the opposite trend with mass relative to
gravitational galaxy clustering. The spatial scale where the effect is observed
suggests these environments are massive halos, in which case the observed
effect would likely be satellite quenching. The effect is also redshift
dependent in that the clustering strength of quiescent galaxies around other
quiescent galaxies at z = 1.6 is ~ 1.7 times larger than that of the galaxies
with the same stellar mass at z = 2.6. This redshift dependence allows for a
crude estimate of the time scale of environmental quenching of low-mass
galaxies, which is in the range 1.5 - 4 Gyr, in broad agreement with other
estimates and with our ideas on satellite quenching.
