Charge-Swapping Q-balls in a Logarithmic Potential and Affleck-Dine
  condensate fragmentation
  We study charge-swapping Q-balls, a kind of composite Q-ball where positive
and negative charges co-exist and swap with time, in models with a logarithmic
potential that arises naturally in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard
Model. We show that charge-swapping Q-balls can be copiously generated in the
Affleck-Dine fragmentation process in the early universe. We find that the
charge-swapping Q-balls with the logarithmic potential are extremely stable. By
performing long time, parallelized lattice simulations with absorbing boundary
conditions, we find that the lifetimes of such objects with low multipoles are
at least $4.6 \times 10^5/m$ in 3+1D and $2.5 \times 10^7/m$ in 2+1D, where $m$
is the mass scale of the scalar field. We also chart the attractor basin of the
initial conditions to form these charge-swapping Q-balls.
