Turbulent formation of protogalaxies at the plasma to gas transition
  The standard model of gravitational structure formation is based on the Jeans
1902 acoustic theory, neglecting crucial effects of viscosity, turbulence and
diffusion. A Jeans length scale L_J emerges that exceeds the scale of causal
connection ct during the plasma epoch. Photon-viscous forces initially dominate
all others including gravity. The first structures formed were at density
minima by fragmentation when the viscous-gravitional scale L_SV matched ct at
30,000 years to produce protosupercluster voids and protosuperclusters. Weak
turbulence produced at expanding void boundaries guides the morphology of
smaller fragments down to protogalaxy size just before transition to gas at
300,000 years. The observed 10^20 meter size of protogalaxies reflects the
plasma Kolmogorov scale with Nomura linear and spiral morphology. On transition
to gas the kinematic viscosity decreases so the protogalaxies fragment into
Jeans scale clouds, each with a trillion earth-mass planets. The planets form
stars near the cores of the protogalaxies. High resolution images of planetary
nebula and supernova remnants reveal thousands of frozen hydrogen-helium dark
matter planets. Galaxy mergers show frictional trails of young globular
clusters formed in place, proving that dark matter halos of galaxies consist of
dark matter planets in metastable clumps.
