Inelastic extra $U(1)$ charged scalar dark matter
  The null results in dark matter direct detection experiments imply the
present scalar dark matter (DM) annihilation cross section to bottom quark
pairs through the Higgs boson exchange is smaller than about $10^{-31}$
cm$^3/$s for a wide DM mass range, which is much smaller than the required
annihilation cross section for thermal relic DM. We propose models of a thermal
relic DM with the present annihilation cross section being very suppressed.
This property can be realized in an extra $U(1)$ gauge interacting complex
scalar DM, where the thermal DM abundance is determined by coannihilation
through the gauge interaction while the present annihilation is governed by
Higgs bosons exchange processes. An interaction between DM and the extra $U(1)$
breaking Higgs field generates a small mass splitting between DM and its
coannihilating partner so that coannihilation becomes possible and also the
$Z'$-mediated scattering off with a nucleon in direct DM search becomes
inelastic. We consider scalar dark matter in $U(1)_{B-L}, U(1)_{(B-L)_3}$ and
$U(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau}$ extended models and identify viable parameter regions. We
also discuss various implications to future DM detection experiments, the DM
interpretation of the gamma-ray excess in the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, the
muon anomalous magnetic moment, the Hubble tension and others.
