A possible indication of momentum-dependent asymmetric dark matter in
  the Sun
  Broad disagreement persists between helioseismological observables and
predictions of solar models computed with the latest surface abundances. Here
we show that most of these problems can be solved by the presence of asymmetric
dark matter coupling to nucleons as the square of the momentum $q$ exchanged in
the collision. We compute neutrino fluxes, small frequency separations, surface
helium abundances, sound speed profiles and convective zone depths for a number
of models, showing more than a $6\sigma$ preference for $q^2$ models over
others, and over the Standard Solar Model. The preferred mass (3\,GeV) and
reference dark matter-nucleon cross-section ($10^{-37}$\,cm$^2$ at $q_0 =
40$\,MeV) are within the region of parameter space allowed by both direct
detection and collider searches.
