The morphology-density relation of galaxies around MACSJ0717.5+3745
  We use an 18' x 9' mosaic of ACS images covering the entire large-scale
structure around the X-ray luminous cluster MACSJ0717.5 (z=0.545) to study the
morphology of galaxies at the cluster redshift. We find the global fraction of
morphological types of galaxies to be consistent with results in the
literature. Interestingly, we find that the fraction of S0s also correlates
with local galaxy density, in contrast to the findings of a study of the cores
of 10 clusters at similar redshift by Dressler et al. We suggest that this
apparent inconsistency is due to differences in the spatial coverage around
clusters, which is supported by the fact that the correlation disappears for
S0s within a radius of 0.6R_200 of MACSJ0717. We interpret this result as
evidence of the morphology-density relation being caused by a combination of
morphological transformation triggered by galaxy-galaxy interactions, and
effects related to the formation and evolution of large-scale structure. In
environments of low to intermediate density, where galaxy-galaxy interactions
are frequent and efficient, the observed pronounced morphology-density relation
for S0s reflects the density dependence of the interaction cross section. In
clusters, however, the correlation disappears for S0s, as the much higher
galaxy velocities in clusters not only lower the interaction cross section, but
also cause a spatial redistribution of galaxies that all but destroys such a
correlation. This argument does not hold for elliptical galaxies in clusters
which, having formed much earlier, have settled into the large-scale cluster
potential; hence the morphology-density relation for cluster ellipticals may
reflect primarily the state of advanced dynamical relaxation of this population
within the cluster rather than a causal link to the environment responsible for
the morphological transformation of galaxies.
