Constraints on Dark Matter Protohalos in Effective Theories and
  Neutrinophilic Dark Matter
  The mass of primordial dark matter (DM) protohalos remains unknown. However,
the missing satellites problem may be an indication that they are quite large.
In this paper, we use effective field theory to map constraints on dark
matter-SM interactions into limits on the mass of DM protohalos. Given that
leptons remain in the thermal bath until late times, we focus on their
interactions with DM. To illustrate the method, we use the null results of LEP
missing energy searches along with Fermi-LAT searches for DM annihilation in
nearby dwarf galaxies, to derive limits on the protohalo mass, $\lesssim
(10^{-6}-10^{-1}) M_{\odot}$, with the range depending on the DM mass and the
operator. Thus, if DM is to remain thermally coupled until late times and
account for the missing satellites, charged lepton interactions are
insufficient. This motivates neutrinophilic DM, which can have protohalo masses
orders of magnitude larger, with constraints arising from Planck, IceCube and
unpublished Super-K data. We show that effective neutrinophilic models offer a
solution to the missing satellites problem for sub-GeV DM masses with larger
than WIMP-sized annihilation cross sections.
