The Early Universe was Dust-Rich and Extremely Hot
  We investigate the dust properties and star-formation signature of galaxies
in the early universe by stacking 111,227 objects in the recently released
COSMOS catalogue on maps at wavelengths bracketing the peak of warmed dust
emission. We find an elevated far-infrared luminosity density to redshift 10,
indicating abundant dust in the early universe. We further find an increase of
dust temperature with redshift, reaching ~ 119 +- 7 K at z ~ 9, suggesting
either the presence of silicate rich dust originating from Population II stars,
or sources of heating beyond simply young hot stars. Lastly, we try to
understand how these objects have been missed in previous surveys, and how to
design observations to target them. All code, links to the data, and
instructions to reproduce this research in full is located at
https://github.com/marcoviero/simstack3/.
