A Three-Dimensional Map of Milky-Way Dust
  We present a three-dimensional map of interstellar dust reddening, covering
three-quarters of the sky out to a distance of several kiloparsecs, based on
Pan-STARRS 1 and 2MASS photometry. The map reveals a wealth of detailed
structure, from filaments to large cloud complexes. The map has a hybrid
angular resolution, with most of the map at an angular resolution of 3.4' to
13.7', and a maximum distance resolution of ~25%. The three-dimensional
distribution of dust is determined in a fully probabilistic framework, yielding
the uncertainty in the reddening distribution along each line of sight, as well
as stellar distances, reddenings and classifications for 800 million stars
detected by Pan-STARRS 1. We demonstrate the consistency of our reddening
estimates with those of two-dimensional emission-based maps of dust reddening.
In particular, we find agreement with the Planck 353 GHz optical depth-based
reddening map to within 0.05 mag in E(B-V) to a depth of 0.5 mag, and explore
systematics at reddenings less than E(B-V) ~ 0.08 mag. We validate our per-star
reddening estimates by comparison with reddening estimates for stars with both
SDSS photometry and SEGUE spectral classifications, finding per-star agreement
to within 0.1 mag out to a stellar E(B-V) of 1 mag. We compare our map to two
existing three-dimensional dust maps, by Marshall et al. (2006) and Lallement
et al. (2013), demonstrating our finer angular resolution, and better distance
resolution compared to the former within ~3 kpc. The map can be queried or
downloaded at http://argonaut.skymaps.info. We expect the three-dimensional
reddening map presented here to find a wide range of uses, among them
correcting for reddening and extinction for objects embedded in the plane of
the Galaxy, studies of Galactic structure, calibration of future emission-based
dust maps and determining distances to objects of known reddening.
