Probing X-ray irradiation in the nucleus of NGC 1068 with observations
  of high-J lines of dense gas tracers
  With the incorporation of high-J molecular lines, we aim to constrain the
physical conditions of the dense gas in the central region of the Seyfert 2
galaxy NGC 1068 and to determine signatures of the AGN or the starburst
contribution.
  We used the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope to observe the J=4-3 transition of
HCN, HNC, and HCO+, as well as the CN N_J=2_{5/2}-1_{3/2} and
N_J=3_{5/2}-2_{5/2}, in NGC 1068.
  We estimate the excitation conditions of HCN, HNC, and CN, based on the line
intensity ratios and radiative transfer models.
  We find that the bulk emission of HCN, HNC, CN, and the high-J HCO+ emerge
from dense gas n(H_2)>=10^5 cm^-3). However, the low-J HCO+ lines (dominating
the HCO+ column density) trace less dense (n(H_2)<10^5 cm^-3) and colder
(T_K<=20 K) gas, whereas the high-J HCO+ emerges from warmer (>30 K) gas than
the other molecules.
  The HCO+ J=4-3 line intensity, compared with the lower transition lines and
with the HCN J=4-3 line, support the influence of a local XDR environment. The
estimated N(CN)/N(HCN)~1-4 column density ratios are indicative of an XDR/AGN
environment with a possible contribution of grain-surface chemistry induced by
X-rays or shocks.
