From global to spatially resolved in low-redshift galaxies
  Our understanding of the structure, composition and evolution of galaxies has
strongly improved in the last decades, mostly due to new results based on large
spectroscopic and imaging surveys. In particular, the nature of ionized gas,
its ionization mechanisms, its relation with the stellar properties and
chemical composition, the existence of scaling relations that describe the
cycle between stars and gas, and the corresponding evolution patterns have been
widely explored and described. More recently, the introduction of additional
techniques, in particular Integral Field Spectroscopy, and their use in large
galaxy surveys, have forced us to re-interpret most of those recent results
from a spatially resolved perspective. This review is aimed to complement
recent efforts to compile and summarize this change of paradigm in the
interpretation of galaxy evolution. In particular we cover three particular
aspects not fully covered in detail in recent reviews: (i) the spatially
resolved nature of the ionization properties in galaxies and the confusion
introduced by considering just integrated quantities; (ii) the nature of the
global scaling relations and their relations with the spatially resolved ones;
and (iii) the dependence of the radial gradients and characteristic properties
of the stellar populations and ionized gas on stellar mass and galaxy
morphology. To this end we replicate published results, and present novel ones,
based on the largest compilation of IFS data of galaxies in the nearby universe
to date.
