Chasing Lyman alpha-emitting galaxies at z = 8.8
  With a total integration time of 168 hours and a narrowband (NB) filter tuned
to Lyman alpha at z = 8.8, the UltraVISTA survey has set out to find some of
the most distant galaxies, on the verge of the Epoch of Reionization. Previous
calculations of the expected number of detected Lya-emitting galaxies (LAEs) at
this redshift did not explicitly take into account the radiative transfer (RT)
of Lya. In this work we combine a theoretical model for the halo mass function
with numerical results from high-res cosmological hydrosimulations with LyC+Lya
RT, assessing the visibility of LAEs residing in these halos. Uncertainties
such as cosmic variance and the anisotropic escape of Lya are taken into
account, and it is predicted that once the survey has finished, the
probabilities of detecting none, one, or more than one are ~90%, ~10%, and ~1%;
a significantly smaller success rate compared to earlier predictions, due to
the combined effect of a highly neutral IGM scattering Lya to such large
distances from the galaxy that they fall outside the observational aperture,
and to the actual depth of the survey being less than predicted. Because the
IGM affects NB and broadband (BB) magnitudes differently, we argue for a
relaxed color selection criterion of NB - BB ~ +0.85. But since the flux is
continuum-dominated, even if a galaxy is detectable in the NB its probability
of being selected as a NB excess object is <~35%. Various properties of
galaxies at this redshift are predicted, e.g. UV and Lya LFs, M*-Mh relation,
spectral shape, optimal aperture, and the anisotropic escape of Lya through
both a dusty ISM and a partly neutral IGM. Finally, we describe and publish a
fast numerical code for adding numbers with asymmetric uncertainties
("x_{-sigma_1}^{+sigma_2}") proving to be significantly better than the
standard, but wrong, way of adding upper and lower uncertainties in quadrature
separately.
