An analytic method for identifying dynamically-formed runaway stars
  In this paper, we study the 3-body products (two single stars and a binary)
of binary-binary (2+2) scattering interactions. This is done using a
combination of analytic methods and numerical simulations of 2+2 scattering
interactions, both in isolation and in a homogeneous background potential. We
derive analytically a simple formula relating the angle between the velocity
vectors of the two ejected single stars and the orbital separation of the
remaining binary. We compare our analytic formulation to numerical scattering
simulations, and illustrate that the agreement is excellent, both in isolation
and in a homogeneous background potential. Our results are ideally suited for
application to the GAIA database, which is expected to identify many hundred
runaway stars. The analytic relation presented here has the potential to
identify runaway stars formed dynamically with high confidence. Finally, by
applying our method to the runaways AE Aur and $\mu$ Col, we illustrate that it
can be used to constrain the history of the background potential, which was
denser than the presently observed density in the case of the Trapezium
cluster.
