The failures of the standard model of cosmology require a new paradigm
  Cosmological models that invoke warm or cold dark matter can not explain
observed regularities in the properties of dwarf galaxies, their highly
anisotropic spatial distributions, nor the correlation between observed mass
discrepancies and acceleration. These problems with the standard model of
cosmology have deep implications, in particular in combination with the
observation that the data are excellently described by Modified Newtonian
Dynamics (MOND). MOND is a classical dynamics theory which explains the mass
discrepancies in galactic systems, and in the universe at large, without
invoking dark entities. MOND introduces a new universal constant of nature with
the dimensions of acceleration, a0, such that the pre-MONDian dynamics is valid
for accelerations a >> a0, and the deep MONDian regime is obtained for a << a0,
where space-time scale invariance is invoked. Remaining challenges for MOND are
(i) explaining fully the observed mass discrepancies in galaxy clusters, and
(ii) the development of a relativistic theory of MOND that will satisfactorily
account for cosmology. The universal constant a0 turns out to have an
intriguing connection with cosmology: \bar a0 == 2 pi a0 \approx c H_0 \approx
c^2(Lambda/3)^{1/2}. This may point to a deep connection between cosmology and
internal dynamics of local systems.
