[CII] map of the molecular ring and arms of the spiral galaxy NGC 7331
  We present the [CII] 157.7 micron map of galaxy NGC 7331 obtained with
FIFI-LS on SOFIA. This map extends an existent Herschel/PACS observation of the
central strip of the galaxy to encompass the entire molecular ring and much of
the disk, including multiple spiral arms with intense far-IR emission. We also
present Herschel archival data of the [NII] 205 micron line which covers a
substantial part of the [CII] SOFIA observations and allows us to estimate the
neutral fraction of the [CII] emission along the ring and disk of the galaxy.
We find that the neutral fraction rises with the distance from the center. In
addition, by tracing the azimuthal variation of the neutral fraction, we are
able to see how our observing perspective affects this measurement. The high
inclination of NGC 7331 allows us to glimpse the internal walls of the
molecular ring. There, young bright stars emit UV radiation causing more [CII]
emission to be produced in the ionized gas. On the outer walls, opaque dust
shrouds the rest of the ring, making the neutral medium the dominant source of
[CII] emission. Through spatial analysis comparing the [CII] emission to
tracers of gas heating, we are able to investigate how the photoelectric
heating efficiency varies throughout NGC 7331 and extend global measurements of
the [CII] deficit to local environments. Since the origin of [CII] emission has
typically been studied in face-on galaxies, our results shed a new light on the
interpretation of [CII] emission especially when studying distant galaxies with
unknown inclination.
