CRIRES high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy of diffuse
  interstellar band profiles. Detection of 12 new DIBs in the YJ band and the
  introduction of a combined ISM sight line and stellar analysis approach
  A high spectral resolution investigation of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs)
in the near-infrared ($YJ$ band) is conducted to test new methods, to confirm
and improve existing parameters, and to search for new DIBs.
  Methods: The CRyogenic high-resolution InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph (CRIRES)
on the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope was employed to
obtain spectra of four reddened background supergiant stars (HD 183143, HD
165784, HD 92207, HD 111613) and an unreddened comparison star (HD 87737) at
the highest resolution of $R \approx 100000$ currently achievable at
near-infrared wavelengths. The correction for telluric absorption was performed
by a modelling approach. Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium spectral modelling
of available optical and the new near-infrared spectra facilitated a
comprehensive characterisation of the atmospheric properties of the background
stars. A more precise and accurate determination of the reddening law along the
sight lines could be achieved than feasible before by comparison of the
observed and model spectral energy distributions. For DIBs that overlap with
stellar lines the DIB profile shapes could be recovered.
  Results: Seventeen known near-infrared DIBs were confirmed, and 12 previously
unknown and generally weaker DIBs were identified in the $YJ$ band. Three DIBs
that show uniform profiles along all sight lines were identified, possibly
connected to transitions from a common lower state of the same carrier. The
divergent extinction curve towards the frequently discussed DIB standard star
HD 183143 could be reproduced for the first time, requiring extra absorption by
$\sim$3.5 mag due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to match the
ultraviolet extinction bump. This extra absorption probably stems from a
circumstellar bubble lying in front of the star which is intersected
tangentially by the line of sight.
