The Effects of Calibration on the Bias of Shear Measurements
  Forthcoming large-scale surveys will soon attempt to measure cosmic shear to
an unprecedented level of accuracy, requiring a similarly high level of
accuracy in the shear measurements of galaxies. Factors such as pixelisation,
imperfect point-spread function (PSF) correction, and pixel noise can all
directly or indirectly lead to biases in shear measurements, and so it can be
necessary for shear measurement methods to be calibrated against internal,
external, or simulated data to minimize bias. It is thus important to
understand the nature of this calibration. In this paper, we show that a
typical calibration procedure will on average leave no residual additive bias,
but will leave a residual multiplicative bias. Additionally, the errors on the
post-calibration bias parameters will be changed, and on average increased,
from the errors on the pre-calibration measurements of these parameters, but
that this is generally worth the benefit in decreasing the expected value of
the multiplicative bias. We find that in most typical cases, it is worthwhile
to apply a first-order bias correction, while a higher-order bias correction is
only worthwhile for methods with intrinsically high multiplicative bias ($>10$
per cent) or when the simulation size is very small ($<10^6$ simulated
galaxies).
