Enrichment of r-process elements in dwarf spheroidal galaxies in
  chemo-dynamical evolution model
  The rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) is a major process to
synthesize elements heavier than iron, but the astrophysical site(s) of
r-process is not identified yet. Neutron star mergers (NSMs) are suggested to
be a major r-process site from nucleosynthesis studies. Previous chemical
evolution studies however require unlikely short merger time of NSMs to
reproduce the observed large star-to-star scatters in the abundance ratios of
r-process elements relative to iron, [Eu/Fe], of extremely metal-poor stars in
the Milky Way (MW) halo. This problem can be solved by considering chemical
evolution in dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) which would be building blocks
of the MW and have lower star formation efficiencies than the MW halo. We
demonstrate that enrichment of r-process elements in dSphs by NSMs using an
N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamics code. Our high-resolution model
reproduces the observed [Eu/Fe] by NSMs with a merger time of 100 Myr when the
effect of metal mixing is taken into account. This is because metallicity is
not correlated with time up to ~ 300 Myr from the start of the simulation due
to low star formation efficiency in dSphs. We also confirm that this model is
consistent with observed properties of dSphs such as radial profiles and
metallicity distribution. The merger time and the Galactic rate of NSMs are
suggested to be <~ 300 Myr and ~ $10^{-4}$ yr$^{-1}$, which are consistent with
the values suggested by population synthesis and nucleosynthesis studies. This
study supports that NSMs are the major astrophysical site of r-process.
