Super-Horizon modes and cosmic expansion
  The large scale structures observed in cosmic maps correspond to
super-horizon (causally disconnected) perturbations in the early Universe that
are usually attributed to scale invariant adiabatic modes from cosmic
Inflation. Here, we interpret discrepant measurements of the expansion rate
$H_0$ (the so called Hubble tension) as super-horizon perturbations and show
that they are neither adiabatic nor scale invariant. We argue that these
measurements indicate that cosmic expansion originates from gravitational
collapse and bounce, rather than from a singular Big Bang. This explains the
observed cosmic acceleration and large scale structure without the need of Dark
Energy or Inflation.
