Teasing bits of information out of the CMB energy spectrum
  Departures of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) frequency spectrum from a
blackbody - commonly referred to as spectral distortions - encode information
about the thermal history of the early Universe (redshift z < few x 10^6).
While the signal is usually characterized as mu- and y-type distortion, a
smaller residual (non-y/non-mu) distortion can also be created at intermediate
redshifts 10^4 < z < 3 x 10^5. Here, we construct a new set of observables,
mu_k, that describes the principal components of this residual distortion. The
principal components are orthogonal to temperature shift, y- and mu-type
distortion, and ranked by their detectability, thereby delivering a compression
of all valuable information offered by the CMB spectrum. This method provides
an efficient way of analyzing the spectral distortion for given experimental
settings, and can be applied to a wide range of energy-release scenarios. As an
illustration, we discuss the analysis of the spectral distortion signatures
caused by dissipation of small-scale acoustic waves and decaying/annihilating
particles for a PIXIE-type experiments. We provide forecasts for the expected
measurement uncertainties of model parameters and detections limits in each
case. We furthermore show that a PIXIE-type experiments can in principle
distinguish dissipative energy release from particle decays for a nearly
scale-invariant primordial power spectrum with small running. Future CMB
spectroscopy thus offers a unique probe of physical processes in the primordial
Universe.
