Detailed optical and near-infrared polarimetry, spectroscopy and
  broadband photometry of the afterglow of GRB 091018: Polarisation evolution
  [Abridged] A number of phenomena have been observed in GRB afterglows that
defy explanation by simple versions of the standard fireball model, leading to
a variety of new models. Polarimetry can be a major independent diagnostic of
afterglow physics, probing the magnetic field properties and internal structure
of the GRB jets. In this paper we present the first high quality multi-night
polarimetric light curve of a Swift GRB afterglow, aimed at providing a well
calibrated dataset of a typical afterglow to serve as a benchmark system for
modelling afterglow polarisation behaviour. In particular, our dataset of the
afterglow of GRB 091018 (at redshift z=0.971) comprises optical linear
polarimetry (R band, 0.13 - 2.3 days after burst); circular polarimetry (R
band) and near-infrared linear polarimetry (Ks band). We add to that high
quality optical and near-infrared broadband light curves and spectral energy
distributions as well as afterglow spectroscopy. The linear polarisation varies
between 0 and 3%, with both long and short time scale variability visible. We
find an achromatic break in the afterglow light curve, which corresponds to
features in the polarimetric curve. We find that the data can be reproduced by
jet break models only if an additional polarised component of unknown nature is
present in the polarimetric curve. We probe the ordered magnetic field
component in the afterglow through our deep circular polarimetry, finding
P_circ < 0.15% (2 sigma), the deepest limit yet for a GRB afterglow, suggesting
ordered fields are weak, if at all present. Our simultaneous R and Ks band
polarimetry shows that dust induced polarisation in the host galaxy is likely
negligible.
