Physical and chemical differentiation of the luminous star-forming
  region W49A - Results from the JCMT Spectral Legacy Survey
  The massive and luminous star-forming region W49A is a well known Galactic
candidate to probe the physical conditions and chemistry similar to those
expected in external starburst galaxies. We aim to probe the physical and
chemical structure of W49A on a spatial scale of ~0.8 pc based on the JCMT
Spectral Legacy Survey, which covers the frequency range between 330 and 373
GHz. The wide 2x2 arcminutes field and the high spectral resolution of the HARP
instrument on JCMT provides information on the spatial structure and kinematics
of the cloud. For species where multiple transitions are available, we estimate
excitation temperatures and column densities. We detected 255 transitions
corresponding to 60 species in the 330-373 GHz range at the center position of
W49A. Excitation conditions can be probed for 16 molecules. The chemical
composition suggests the importance of shock-, PDR-, and hot core chemistry.
Many molecular lines show a significant spatial extent across the maps
including high density tracers (e.g. HCN, HNC, CS, HCO+) and tracers of
UV-irradiation (e.g. CN and C2H). Large variations are seen between the
sub-regions with mostly blue-shifted emission toward the Eastern tail, mostly
red-shifted emission toward the Northern clump, and emission peaking around the
expected source velocity toward the South-west clump. A comparison of column
density ratios of characteristic species observed toward W49A to Galactic PDRs
suggests that while the chemistry toward the W49A center is driven by a
combination of UV-irradiation and shocks, UV-irradiation dominates for the
Northern Clump, Eastern tail, and South-west clump regions. A comparison to a
starburst galaxy and an AGN suggests similar C2H, CN, and H2CO abundances (with
respect to the dense gas tracer 34CS) between the ~0.8 pc scale probed for W49A
and the >1 kpc regions in external galaxies with global star-formation.
