FOREST Unbiased Galactic plane Imaging survey with the Nobeyama 45 m
  telescope (FUGIN). VI. Dense gas and mini-starbursts in the W43 giant
  molecular cloud complex
  We performed new large-scale $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, and C$^{18}$O $J=$1--0
observations of the W43 giant molecular cloud complex in the tangential
direction of the Scutum arm ($l\sim {30^\circ}$) as a part of the FUGIN
project. The low-density gas traced by $^{12}$CO is distributed over 150 pc
$\times$ 100 pc ($l \times b$), and has a large velocity dispersion (20-30 km
s$^{-1}$). However, the dense gas traced by C$^{18}$O is localized in the W43
Main, G30.5, and W43 South (G29.96-0.02) high-mass star-forming regions in the
W43 GMC complex, which have clumpy structures. We found at least two clouds
with a velocity difference of $\sim$ 10-20 km s$^{-1}$, both of which are
likely to be physically associated with these high-mass star-forming regions
based on the results of high $^{13}$CO $J=$ 3-2 to $J =$ 1-0 intensity ratio
and morphological correspondence with the infrared dust emission. The velocity
separation of these clouds in W43 Main, G30.5, and W43 South is too large for
each cloud to be gravitationally bound. We also revealed that the dense gas in
the W43 GMC has a high local column density, while "the current SFE" of entire
the GMC is low ($\sim 4\%$) compared with the W51 and M17 GMC. We argue that
the supersonic cloud-cloud collision hypothesis can explain the origin of the
local mini-starbursts and dense gas formation in the W43 GMC complex.
