Fake evolution of dark energy from observation data
  The equation of state (EOS) of the dark energy is the key parameter to study
the nature of the dark energy from the observation. Though the dark energy is
found to be well consistent with the cosmological constant with a constant EOS
of $-1$, weak evidences from different observation data and analyses show that
dark energy models with an evolving EOS slightly less than $-1$ at some medium
redshifts and greater than $-1$ at high redshifts are more favored. In this
paper, It is shown that how such a pattern of an evolving dark energy EOS can
be just biases arising from the statistical method widely adopted in data
analyses together with the dependence of the cosmic expansion on the dark
energy EOS. The issue is actually not limited to dark energy or cosmology. It
represents a class of mathematical problems of Bayesian analysis. It should be
paid attention to in similar data analyses to avoid biases in drawing
conclusions.
