Observational scalings testing modified gravity
  We consider different observational effects to test modified gravity approach
involving the cosmological constant in the common description of the dark
matter and the dark energy. We obtain upper limits for the cosmological
constant by studying the scaling relations for 12 nearby galaxy clusters, the
radiated power from gravitational waves and the Tully-Fisher relation for super
spiral galaxies. Our estimations reveal that, for all these cases the upper
limits for $\Lambda$ are consistent with its actual value predicted by the
cosmological observations.
